Document EdE3vOv3zz4nmy0p2DB4m3vwg

FILE NAME: Asbestos Textile Product Use (ATPU) DATE: 1972 DOC#: ATPU044 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Report from International Labour Office, Geneva Practical Methods for Protection of Men Working with Asbestos Materials in Shipyards (Page 1 of 10) (Page 2 of 10) A Q ) PRACTICAl 1SSIH0 PS FOR PROTECTION OF KEB VORKiro ----- T O H ASBESTOS KATE M A L S '1 SHIP*ARES------- -A.A. Ct o m L L - She Asbestosis Research Council as set up by leading csbeatoe companies in the United Kingdom in 1957 to carry oat and oponaor research into the nature, cause one prevention ol disease related -to the inhalation of asbestos dunt?-- In addition to lta m edical and scientific research projects, it has established an Zrrc-ironn>gtaX Control Cocaittee to investigate and develop methods ol practical control and safety in all those sltraitlcnv Sure material* centals Inc aebeatoa could be used-- in~a manner llfcely -to produce potentially harmful quantities of dust. A report la given of the results oi l poaacarcMtuir*cut lhWar*aroMu<gshtudtyhenaoaadpaeaaceoflitmhoisteatisaoimntrsuaatoif^o<ntPshCeawhmvmoerr*iVecisngpena-cBrioeanal. di*fTWfhieacuaadlitmies of the study *as to identify t h e type of product and the uork patterns and situations shore these difficulties mainly occurred, to collect information as to practical methods of control ahich Have be -la reducing the -exposure-of-- operatl-vea to acccp-ablr star-dajda. IntTocue-ijan_____________________________________ _________________ She Asbestosis Research Council vas formed in 195T by the three major asbestos companies in the United Kingdom aa * co-operative-----research organisation to prosecute a programme cf research into tire cau sation and prevontlon -of-asbestosis.------;------------------------- <a __ _____ _____________ _____ _ ___ ______ " -------Chairman, Environmental Control- Committee, Asbestosis Research Council, United Kingdom-__________________________ (Page 3 of 10) Tbt SnTlrpngeTvtal Cosai ttte of t,b_g_ 4^-C_,-- through i t * ttethod8 y ; ril? '=~'-; Tiri<c>im Twor^iigTl.T,i-^* Gcrouuppss* arxtxteesnng;txa txo es***^*~k ----- _____________ -T ____ _____ * to BAA* * ** * y TT ---- .r, dIff rent area* of use. In the eas of ship construction Xnm eireunstanccs re highly specialised and in ause respects eaeeptlanai. There la evidence that the incidence el asbestos-related --- :-- ,Bong ship workers io higher than in aost ctner arena of use. T harTe txriadr in ithe fairsto Inst^ance t o i er.tify t--h-e-^e-nyixonaent-J. conditi en s -ahlch-have given riot ta this gituatlon _i l S dS_. th_n_v_n tvhea.n soughtTi/uMt*+. the wf*ieltieenail .eXW!>Triit^!tCe i0w UnSr r in this industry in tee aeveiopaen. 01 " '",, I v^re considered effactively reduced the ,,,,imi M IndTM 2;20 ZWwh.aIt IeIx*tent e*xTpie#rflifetnnceea in thae asObestoos indusltiry 1- -- s-ai-l-_a-no oa aera of asbestos products in otner sectors nay be applied benefit of orleers in hip construction and repair .^ It_iJ ioPdffn_ due eouroe to assemble inforaatisn shout these practicaa- in the fora of one of the IRC 1a aeriea of Control and Safety Guides.------------ S"*-< 1 enviroimental conditjaaft Cnees of disense reported so far are likUT. jdylkglun Iuni operating - co-n-d-i-t-i-o-ns--b-efror_-t-he:--ea.rly ^ S O s t -*. emse of sesothelionas, in even earlier periods ago.-- It is neeeaenry, therefore, to consider t--h-e lclnd of Materials uhi eh sere being used durine those years and the jT in shich work sea cnrrled out _________________ _________________________________ In early years these materials sere, particularly fox aerai vessels, mainly mattresses sede of erocldolite (blue) asbestos^cloth "filled sith erocidoXrte^ibrrp-- Rre-foraed sectional-- i-nsulatlon----containing eaosite or ehrysotil* was increaaingly Uped from-^the late I3?O s ~m t i l the early I960.-- Sprayed asb3taa_- mainly erocldolite sas increasingly u sed froa the aiddle 1940s.------------------------ In the past ten rears, half of the ties cases of asbestosls in the UK hare cone from the insulation side cf the industry. Applicstion of sprayed sabestes end of pre-formed ir.suletion in the very "restricted areas of- 1ships' quarters resulted ir- the build-up or----high concentrations of dust, though nethanG like the levels experienced in stripping.------------------------------------------- _____The canliitiena occurring in shipyards, especially naval dockseen to nave been made exceptionally haiardoua by an unfortunate combination of several adverse factors. These are, first, the need to work in often extreacly ernfiwed and lostrlctod-- situations sliere many cf the serviews-cr.Dii-i:-. factories for cust reduction or control are not nvuilatle; second, the prevalence hitherto of particulnr-ly friable cater:alo;-- third,-- operations, sue). ~as stripping, ci.ieh create excessive dust;-- iourtli,-- extensive use oi e partirnlar type of asbestos - crocldclitc - believed to be____ __ especially associated with acsotl'ielioaia, All af~thase factors appeato liove combined to create ni; exceptional and persistent liaaard ~ even affecting markers not directly involved in^the nampulatjos--of-- asbestos materials. (Page 4 of 10) r: '/ .... j & p h p t i t h o or >rrK nwrur. wtth asbestos m ? m * L 3 95 Th situation todaT ----- Soft-aabeatoa material y no u aad^ for^thTM !J n^ lat^an.^ and sprayad asbestos is rarely t l s a a t i a British shipyards, w i l t prediaping iaI esmpiloyeed. S**"eTer*tWhie**l*t*si,@ * ! Z ~liTI H__r_^ljc-_* 1aR ttllcft +tVfLhtsisK*e- aarftams'tf*c&e'lr~n*al Aha*v*e-- SbSeEen --ugs=ead_*ign...th past, tripping "ill occur., --wi4*tth iOtn* attendant <d3uuatt Bpyroofbollfeim.* _____Til which continue to 6 ttd ,a d i f f i c u l t probier at c o n tr o l; l a th e U nited iin<pJe, c o n t r o l by haust ventilation or th proTision-oi-peronl protc.ion ia--- nnuircd i( he asbestos dust level rcaeds 22 filbbrreess//iaell \vvoxr----------- n S i S * - -TM3S" *5 ..ra.r r-H" n | fibrea/ni in tin oi crneldolite).-- Many sabbsoaattoos^--^coennttmin^a* u`* _ - TM : il ... .... Il.at.o -tfheihitlas ceaitetgsoeryr and are T l " -*-- . J ? . . . . * . l-;li a s m o t " Sen f ^ d w a t tle to devlss uethod of working " ^ n l paint whichadequately control the dust level (aee table 1} Control. -mfcaafsSg.msgSS sen nine. Tha operation presenting the noat difficult problem for -duat control 1 stripping off old insulation, whether this consists ation. TicKniquesdeveloped in the British naval dockyards and by industrial installation have reirtd~~an thrse bsi*; m atnoeat __ icly^ enelasax; suppression by wetting; and pe- .on*l protection. -----The effector wetting baa bear, reported to reduce concentrations ia the working area, hut this technique has teen abandoned in ..it^sh navel yards creating too any otbct.-probleas, cccgt in t>le------control of waste during disposal. Tin^lnmre of the area, iar esanple_wi^_polytnen.rheetijig. eoabinod with a ventilaioi systea creatan negative pressura can 131liBa1iTt-txhne ceoennxtaaKnuingaftcecdo area.-- 'Or.-*.ee canuf-a-ct-u-r^ej is hopefju-lv-cfTTdevelop lag a wet stripping aachine incorporating a duat-proo- debr.a receptacle. To date, however, operatives ^ a c e a ir. fwriP5in| -st be equipped-with--positive-pressure respirators cog. a^ g S t o | | i ^ = h Standard 4275, er air-lino breathing apparatus, and with Ptec.;ve clothin g completely e e v e r i n g ^ h . ^ s a y ^ T o n ^ nltlc j o n e c h ^ a s ^ e i ^ a s bt r coSerl^: I hood incorporating the faoe-pl.ee'of-the respira^rox breathing apparatus has been found to be confortable to wear and~acceptable 1er aen voricine in restn itd areas ovj^ quite long work. period. ----- Striet standards--of--b-ypiene arusTL_be_ob3erved, p a r t a e u l ^ ^ in elearinr up stripped material during and upon coapleticm ei the ork, the collected waste in lapemeable containers___ auch aw -heavy plastic _bags_.,, SpTwved asbestos coatings.-- The~appiicatiow oi sprayed asbestos coatincgs has been cilsaaTaiTTilieod as an operation' producing -he-av-jy -- -- concentrations, not only in the operator! bre^thing so^e but_ also in ad.j,acent. a_r_e_a_s. C-o_n_c_e_n.t.r.a.t..io.nms.. o.fv:1 ansa sxni,c^hH amsn 1T.5S0O0O fribre#s/aml have been reported though a level of 200-300 ilbres/ml la sore (Page 5 of 10> o 9 OTI S O W O T A l * BfCIEMI Sable 1 __ ,____'-.Tirrita 1 SHIP COBSiHUCtIDS tma o a u B M ~ Operation StrlMln* sy<TT^ a fc&>cia aebrl* Renovel of sprayed costings Adjacent areas Henoral of lagging (100^ asbestos) aWSTtar? Ondanped Bredaaped . Asslicatiou of rin* laKing __ fshestoa f*d rthMSt) Cutting 'triable exhaust) Prilling j portable exhaust) Asbestos cloth Asbestos dust concentration _ (fibres/ml) ------- *---- ---- a m----- ri^ m JJJ J 815 248 1 90S -- -------- 6? Range 173 to 322 - Uange 1.7 to 4.7 15&-1 sc: _ -- 1=^4---- ! i 11.2 i i i -- 100' " ' 1 X1 4*5 1.0 to 1.9 0.7 to 0.9 , * Conventional Past-- surmreesed - --- Hew process--------- - 5 to 10 ** ---i. to j -- - 0.2 to 1.5 --------- ----- Uot necessarily oboe: *ed in * oeriae situation. X . P.G. Barries: (13 1967, reoainder 1971. 3 .---ABC. C.-- G w r m ein hygienists.. (Page 5 of 10) PROTECTION Of-MEH WOJUCIHC WITH ASBESTOS MATES! Alg 97 normal. The developoent of predaaping technique, hereby th ?r_ } Aiptrt ,* w"ytteMd boe^fxore being lIinrttrroodduucceid to th*e >.4 t,ank. tnf th# ow y -- gun, hTa*s"aubeeee5n -ddeetatoonns8t-rrmt<e*dd ttoo rredduuecee.tthhe count -of-aa<-- iremetlceily. In the ^nited Xingdoa, the Faete^ Xasptorate w e . the. "PPM cation of sprayed tisbestos, providing that uSSd*!! tlbieitf' that iy ehiyiotil or aaosita fibre i. -Table.2 APTLIC1IXOH C? SPRAYCTnSgSTOS CgjJTSCS coBnaisoir"0T t e t e l s p h t w i i h drx r a m f e ed Asbestos fibre concentration (fibr>At1 Position or aazspl# ith predaapbd fibre erednaping Off i AW* --- t#at----------------- Spray operative's shoulder 1 500 Feeding machine----------- 150 Feeding d=ping drug------ ------- -------- ---------4--------- Ar2--1.9 1st diatance from n r 2nd distance iron sprayer --------- ( 1 ------------------ l Om ' in ! (isa) 12 -- *-*--5/-- i----{ b n )-- Ot -- (12*) 1 (10a) I.} r r "~ inrulati-oir; The main source of dust from eondit?n^ **** Tr-isery lagging, end. therefore, hare^operatiry- -- a...-- --- - non-iabgstoa aateri a i , ______ __________ _ *n# llniral w*o?ooli hh*aTwI bbeeeenn iinnttrroodduucceedd.: Although the ZZs^hZe_eZt._ os....c..loth covering on pipes end in aettresses has never been eor.*-id.-r<i hIa de-l^ 6ikTT' tIae` *iniaIIy"to the hazard, the asbestos industry V ~ ~ ' rrovli'i textile eaterials to reduce still further the ? ? ? > niaaion. Such ixprovaren ts have taken ~thi~7 cra ^roressfDr r * ntien^ Iy o t h T it * I dust S | P*Iliao.~smuhbtjIeecteT?toente,dauQsrt--0fsup*prc3e-sBtsiiio"n "t*r*eatytm*e"nt.entirely nee process nc^-ebeats primary larging, .tripptnr r j n product WOtirtion * * S ` "hich' though net1 b e s t i s f ^ S ^ protection desirable. The l a o w t of dust frog the asocstos covering *! lew!T1 cant. Table V3ininddiiccaattees the efleet of tho introduction of various measures to reduee the asbestos duat lcvei.-- It_cn bvew seen ithiaatx., thaavninn; d -ialnated achestog- fres-the---the agbcstgS~au**T'^^reduced1to avil5^ e *z***}as covering aaterlals noit-hazarddus.0" ' reauced to a level generally ccnsidcred-to be . X (Page 7 of 10) 9*----------------------nnriBOKMEHTAL KTCIETh Table 3 ----- ---- -jtssssTos sus-t-^sv-els ih v j u h o u s i s o l a t i o n ---- PROCESSES lyvcaviKO THE OSS OF ASBESTOS-CLOTH ~~ Fitting; mabestos cloth primary lagging containing yittine asbestos cloth over non--a e b e e to a primary lagging Stripping insulation consisting of 10C.j> asbestos primary lagging covered ---------A0oapt'0--flBSi--e on ceiHi-arx-ion-----------Ixiorea/B ij With conventional asoeatoe elotft t/jtfr (%)_diiat-______ suppressed or (b) proces. asbestos clot;. to sx t.wrt* e i 50 Id- ......... 5 -1 0 (a) 1 -3 >J 0 .2 - 1 ,5 up to 5 021 {average of 211 ( "1_____ ____________________________________________ ________ Strinolny insolation eonaletlng of non-tsbftstm primary lagging covered with asbestos cloth 'Baking mattresses with H U ln g mineral wool filling Sipping cloth up to "176 hfAt J l l o^ / * 6. & (b) Go5-^*1o2 (b) 0 .2-1.5 >1 T.O. Harries 5 . Holmes Flre-realr-tlnr hoard materials. these materials nowadays probl*cnnaUtiitc x.tit? main oaUcstos product uaod in ship construction are of special significance in view of their value for the prot" of life at sea. They usually cental ?5 t o a o - p w -- ewrt-of astxr-' andoay oc used for bulkheads in board fora, or, with special finishes of veneer or plnatic sheeting, to fora the decorated *' panela of cabina and Bcooeao4aiion quarvera generally-.-- Whan materials are cut or drilled with power tools, relatively high concentrotlone of duet can be produced, l^nuf acturora of thee' 1 (Page 8 of 10) a ) fSOTECTlOH 0 ? HEM UCHR I KC-WITH-ASBESTOS mJERIAIS- 99 saterlale la the United Kingdom have introduced *ethod of eurf.ee acxling. t u t *a>lle t h e e . havrf r e s u l t e d l a c a t reduction I n dust__ ^ al n f-iAr.cUsS h4-^^-a-Jd.Ml l ^ thTMe--hoar-d aV.--t-h--a yfli---h--a-v-e--n-o*--e f f e c t e a a n j -rp ro v e aunt in the durt level fromeuttinc ^ It haa been ehevn, hooeyer, that oy tie tool. eaulpped elth local ex.uha..u.st ventil1ation, tihte. tl*ewve1l fff"diuhdntt iiJn th* operator' a torcathlnc tone een be controlled to . considerable exteat. -Tun i w . -.nalg should be cat tc the alzca-an d shapes required ^ .w A4ale^AJjt>t_ip^anw;_^y-tfva_e* a l ^ a u a o.f a.Adju.tncntcosn tthhe vveesssseell uunnddeei cannot.be obtained from tto. j e g B f g c g . reedy eut? then e-^ ieehop ehculd be eet up an shore suitabl y i^ii.Jiued*'w*ijit.hu'dust ao.t*r.e.cst*l4oaai aeiqmuifiipHimfeiinwt. Such Mequuiirpamentt, wnheexn __________ P a l e l y deeianed and operated, Willreduce duet levels to the extent >!< protection la not necessary. Sven vften these arrangement ere made not n a y s alt>le drilling will only produce Moderate amount. of duet. Kevertheiesa It j e r r r - w " 1*** f e C T M e y i r a t e e hwld be earn ehen this eorjc feel^ to toe done in confined specs. Suitably shrouded tool, for cutting .nd drilling have bean designed ealeb eea_tos_conn*ct.ed to portehl dust extraction equipment.Such equipment is cepetle of controlli; _ ---- cam-- -- _--- tie dust to levels sicre respiratory protection is no longer required. feats carried out toy official assessors here ccr.flrmed the. levels--lover than 5 fibres/ml cay oc expected hen pf-rfc-rslng cutting en d drilling vlth these taels, the equipment can alro oe used for vacuum -cleaning purposes end la relatively inexpenslve__Lgee_able A ).. 0e~oT~ttoi~lirgr~5 rYtlth shl ?yafgg^arestttblisfre*--- epeciaJf 2 fibrcs/ml.i'RC sane yaro nsa au.au -------- practices far-- Anars-fittin- non-co3iUu?t.i.Sl.e asbestos bgaraa on -stoip8-mt^sr- oons-.ractiort.-- lUssc.9racti&es_p?pv',de ._ic_r_.hc uca of portable vacuum cleaners for gleaning corking areas, for de-dusting >? tnrtotn at tie end of tfle corking period.' iflr providing local exhaust ventilation Kin occasional cutting t e a r to be done. The arrangements also include tie provision of a segregated area on tie ship at a ppooiinoti TMcoinivT.einuiein-t for-the 4j-o-i-n-e*r*y wor k .-- ~.i,.,a~ is aimplv done by tie erection of screens made up of ln.teiu i m PrVv6u- shneeting.-- Iit priuovi.dae la effect an an-ship wor-k-;-ho*p ,.equipped -WwAitV>hdl--Ua-poser sBRaSwTWfAAittiresdw elti a dust-extrac-ti-o-n d~evi~ce as' cl.. as vacuum equipment for collecting spilt sawdust and chipplngs. It has been found that toy the us of properly designed^dust extraction devisee, tie careiuny pienneu^surpiy oi -- involving mininun on-site fabrication, and the naintenajieG--o-gooo atandarda of industrial hygiene, incerabustible board materials can n..irao. the nmount Of labour imrolv#d in ahinboa r d work has be*n concidernbly redueea* ? ?pfy*in can more then coat'cndA'te for the coat of suen rexariYciy inexpensive equipnent as hae been described. 1 (Page 9 of 10> 100 nmaoHMESTjg. m c in n e TlBIOs'pEUTIOSS WITH I5C0KBUST1311 B0AS2S OHFAXZLS Asbesto* dust concentration (flbrea/cl, A teat room investigation v t o t T O rAv M-- C O ttir"---*------------ extraction *a<J `V n'iM t w i t h 1 ... ........... Dnveneered Veneered 31.4 5TT4 3.4 13.8 to +4.3 - in o> ** Tower hand saw Onveneerei s >200 1.6 87 IT ! 63 to 109 1.7 Bench saw U lY V Q l iro ^ Vnrere*l A \r u j e.n m e l 4e i # _______________ < 4 _______________ L Z ________________________________ Unveneered Veneered 179 0 .9 1.0 0.7 5.4 ------- The camita hve been repartid by variou s Investigators under varying cond* io8 : but the ASC *s . stabrane sampling m.thcd he-been m h in ell W W . ------------------------------------- Conclusion produicie.~d-uswotrloc--r~--m--wuh:a--it;c;hbee:-rd-eo-nee--quIin1 ppteh-die-- w=dmiertvLh;e--leofbfniecnite-notf--TdAtouraoer*lt'--aerwth+Ticachtiicil devices.-- There la acope for further laprov lent in th e develop- "oT Poesibly on* af th* most iaportcr.i. ereea for Improvement-- la in the raising of standards o^_.^3fS4.ePg_ --.mftulI tT. th*--CewdWuucWa-te*iwon--woef --elmlm--twhowse c----onc^erned------ b---o--t--h--a-a-na-g-o-a-e-n-.- --n--- worker* - in adhering to the working procedure end safety tc~- da ue? vv.xiwwttwld for x u T tfhc +eicij.r-r pp rr ootwebcv t>ia own. It will nowt he e---e----s. yj ; t, . o aeintain - canal atent level, particularly since neglect produces no iedi- penalty. Only by continual vigilance effort standard he achieved. e W l i ff-- that the methods of control e have reviewed >:- rr-nmem il-- arc practicable and that-- time ill-- show these to hav^ effective* so that the important part played by asbestos mate-'i in ship construction, particularly for the safety of these no (Page 10 of 10)