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Page 139 4 Toxicology Vol. 102, 1985 73585 Helm: London, UK. A review with 103 refs, on the pharmacol. of EtOH [64-17-5]-seeking behavior in animals. 102: 735541 Interaction of viruses with tumor promotors. Yamamoto, Nsoki (Inst. Virus Res., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan 606). Rev, Physiol., Biochem. Pharmacol. 1984, 101, 111-59 (Eng). A review with 268 ref. of studies on the interaction between the persisting oncogenic herpes virus EBV and tumor promotors, with emphasis on virus induction and the transformation of normal human lymphocytes by EBV. 102: 73555U MPTP neurotoxicity: an overview and character^ ization of phases of toxicity, Langston, J, William (Inst. Med. Res., San Jose, CA USA). Life Sci. 1985, 36(3), 201-6 (Eng). '-O. A review with 18 refs, on the neurotoxicity of l-methyl-4-phenyl-= 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrupyridine (I) [28289-54-51, 102: 73556v Mechanism(s) of ethanol-drug interaction. Mu= hoberac, Barry B.; Roberts, Roderick K.; Hoyumpa, Anastacio M-, Jr.; Schenker, Steven (Health Sci. Cent., Univ. Texas, San Antonio, TX USA). Alcohol.: Clin. Exp. Res. 1984 , 8(6), 583-93 (Eng). A review with 84 refs, on the effects of EtOH [64-17-5] on drug metab, at the microsomal level with emphasis on drug structure and the relations of cytochrome P 450. * 102; 73557w The assumptions used for exposure assessments. Jensen, Janice K. (Off. Pest. Programs, Environ. Prot. Agency, Washington, DC USA). Stud. Environ. Sci. 1984, 24(Determ. Assess. Pestic. Exposure), 147-52 (Eng). A review and discussion with 4 refs, on the procedures and assumptions used by the Office of Pesticide Programs in prepn. of pesticide exposure assessments. 102: 7355Sx Formation of lipid peroxides and injury to tissues. Yagi, Kunio (Inst. Appl. Biochem,, Japan 505-01). Saishin Igaku 1984, 39(7), 1368-73 (Japan). A review with 13 refs, on the formation of lipid peroxides by active 0 metabolites and of tissue injury by the lipid peroxides. S. Ishibashi 102: 73559y Aquatic animals in toxicity testing. Couch, John A.; Hargis, W. J,, Jr. (EPA Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL USA). J Am. Coll. Toxicol. 1984, 3(6), 331-6 (Eng). A discussion with 7 refs, with general and specific examples of how aquatic animals are useful to toxicologists, as well as tbeor. bases for their use. 102: 73560s Dioxins (toxicology), Yamaguchl, Seisuke (Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki, Japan). Tokishikoroji Foramu 1984, 7(5), 541-52 (Japan). A review with 36 refs, on the toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (I). 102: 7356U Role of active oxygens in carcinogenesis. Nagata, Chikayoshi; Kodama, Masahiko (Biophys. Div., Natl, Cancer Cent. Res. Inst., Tokyo, Japan). Saishin igaku 1984, 39(7), 1388-96 (Japan). A review with 43 refs, on active O as a factor in carcinogenesis in relation to diet or tobacco smoke. R. Natsuki 102: 73562u Staphylococcal exotoxins. Rottini, G. D.; Ohemans, E. (1st. Microbiol., Univ. Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy). Boll. Microbiol. Indag Lab. 1983, 3(3), 3-24 (Ital). A review with 138 refs, on the biochem. characterization and biol. activities of the staphylococcal exotoxins, including leukocidin, a-, (3-, 7-, and i-toxins, enterotoxins A, B, C, D, E, and F, exfoliative toxins A and B, and the pyrogenic toxins A, B, and C. 102: 73563v Avian endocrine responses to environmental poI = lutants. Rattner, Bametta A.; Eroschenko, Victor P.; Fox, Glen A.; Fry, D. Michael; Gorsline, Jane (Patuxent Wildl. Res. Cent., Fish and Wildlife Serv., Laurel, MD 20708 USA). J. Exp. Zool- 1984, 232(3), 683-9 (Eng). A review with 33 refs, on the effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons, petroleum crude oil, and organophosphorus insecticides on the avian endocrine system. 102: 73564w Triethyllead and cerebral development; an overview. Konat, Gregory (Med, Sch,, Univ. Texas, Houston, TX 77025 USA). Neurotoxicology 19S4, 5(3), 87-96 (Eng). A review with 44 refs, on the effects of triethyllead [5224-23-7] on cerebral development. 102: 73565x Effects of early lead exposure on neurotransmitter systems in the brain, A review with commentary. Shellenberger, M. Kent (Kansas Cent. Ment. Retard. Res., Univ. Kansas, Kansas City, KS USA). Neurotoxicology 1984, 5(3), 177-212 (Eng). A review with many refs. 102: 73566y Effect of lead intoxication on calcium homeostasis and calcium-mediated cell function: a review. Pounds, Joel G. (Food Drug Adm., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Jefferson, AR 72079 USA). Neurotoxicology 1984, 5(3), 295-331 (Eng). A review with many refs, on the toxicity of Pb to humans and lab. animals, esp. its effect on Ca metab. 102: 73567z Harmful factors and mineral dusts. Chiyotani, Keizo (Keihai Rosai Hosp., Japan). Rinsho Kensa 1984, 28(11), 1330-7 (Japan). A review with 11 refs, on health hazard from mineral dusts after occupational exposure. 102: 73568a Harmful factors and asbestos. Yokoyama, Kunihiko; Sera, Yoshisumi (Kokuritsu Ryovosho Kinki Hosp., Japan). Rinsho Kensa 1984, 28(11), 1338-44 (Japan). A review with 17 refs, on health hazard of asbestos after occupational exposure. 102: 73569b Harmful factors and arsenic. Inamasu, Takeo; Ishinishi, Noburu (Med. Sch., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan). Rinsho Kensa 1984, 28(11), 1396-401 (Japan). A review with 22 refs, on the toxicity of As and the quant, detn. of As in environmental and biol. samples. 102: 73570v Harmful factors and organic solvents. Takeuchi, Yasuhiro (Med. Sch., Nagoya Univ., Nagoya, Japan). Rinsho Kensa 19S4, 28(11), 1402-11 (Japan), A review with 19 refs, on the properties and toxicities of org. solvents. 102. 73571w Harmful factors and hydrogen sulfide. Yamaguchi, Hiroshi (Med. Sch., Showa Univ., Japan), Rinsho Kensa 1984, 28(lkb'T5^4~`J (Japan). A review with 23 refs, on poisoning by HzS. IOC: 73572x JHarmful factors and vinyl chloride monomer. Suzinrm-a!Nfitsuru (Toa Gosei Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd., Japan). Rinsho Kfnsa 1984, 28(11), 1437-40 (Japan). A review with 5 refs, on the toxicity of vinyl chloride [75-01-4], 102: 73573y Harmful factors and methyl bromide, methyl iodide, and methyl chloride. Matsui, Hisao (Med. Sch., Gunrna Univ., Japan). Rinsho Kensa 1984, 28(11), 1447-50 (Japan). A review with 12 refs, on the toxicity of MeBr [74-83-9], Mel [74-88-4], and MeCi [74-87-3], 102: 73574z Blood lead, urinary delta aminolevulinic acid and the diagnosis of lead poisoning in dogs, Canfield, P. J.; Fairburn, A. J.; Watson, A. D. J. (Dep. Vet. Pathol., Univ, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia). Aust. Vet. J. 1984, 61(10), 323-4 (Eng). A discussion with 11 refs, on the role of blood Pb and urinary i-aminolevulinic acid [106-60-5] in the diagnosis of Pb poisoning in dogs. 102: 73575a Folate metabolism, the enterohepatic circulation and alcohol. Weir, Donald G.; McGing, Peter G.; Scott, John M. (Dep, Clin. Med., Trinity Coll., Dublin, Ire.). Biochem. Pharmacol. 1985, 34(1), 1-7 (Eng). A review with 123 refs, on the effects of EtOH [64-17-5] on folic acid [59-30-3] metab. Probably, folate deficiency in chronic alcoholism results from increased urinary excretion of folic acid. 102: 73576b N-Nitroso carcinogens. Preussmann, R.; Stewart, B. W. (Inst. Toxicol. Chemother., Ger. Cancer Res, Cent., 6900 Heidelberg, Fed. Rep. Ger.), ACS Monogr. 1984, lS2(Chem. Carcinog., 2nd Ed., Vol. 2), 643-828 (Eng). A review with 1013 refs, on recent advances of the cbem. of N-nitroso compds. relevant to their toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. 102: 73577c Triazenes [as carcinogens], Kolar, G. F, (Inst. Toxicol. Chemother., Ger. Cancer Res. Cent., 6900 Heidelberg, Fed, Rep Ger ), ACS Monogr. 1984, 182(Chem. Carcinog., 2nd Ed., Vol. 2i,869-914 (Eng). A review with 252 refs. 102: 7357Sd Hydrazine derivatives, azo and azosy compounds, and methylazoxymethanol and cycasjn. Zedeck, Morris S. (Mem. Sloan-Kettering Cancer Cent., New YoTk, NY 10021 USA). ACS Monogr. 1984, 182(Chem. Carcinog., 2nd Ed., Vol. 2), 915-44 (Eng). A review with 214 refs, on the metab. and biol. effects of the title carcinogens: hydrazine derivs., azo and azoxy compds., melhylazoxymethanol [590-96-5], and cycasin [14901-08-7], 102: 73579e Fusarial mycotoxins and cancer. Schoental, R. (R. Vet. Coll., Univ. London, London, UK NW1 OTU). ACS Monogr. 1984, 182(Chem. Carcinog., 2nd Ed., Vol. 2), 1137-69 (Eng). A review with 338 refs, on the relations between cancer in humans and lab. animals and the naturally occurring mycotoxins from rosarium. 102: 73580y Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis. Slaga, Thomas J.; Digiovanni, John (Biol, Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA). ACS Monogr. 1984, 182(Chem. Carcinog., 2nd Ed., Vol. 2), 1279-321 (Eng). A review with 273 refs, on the inhibition of chem. carcinogenesis with emphasis on the specific stage (initiation, promotion) of the process that is involved. 102: 73581z Bioassay of carcinogens*, in vitro and in vivo tests. Weisburger, J. H.; Williams, G. M. (Naylor Dana Inst. Dis. Prev., Am. Health Found., Valhalla, NY 10595 USA), ACS Monogr. 1984, 182(Chem. Carcinog., 2nd Ed., Vol. 2), 1323-73 (Eng). A review with 390 refs, on test systems for systematic approaches to health risk assessment through in vitro and in vivo bioassays of the carcinogenicity of chems. 102: 73582a Toxicity and carcinogenicity of essential and non-essential metals. Costa, Max; Kraker, Alan J.; Patierno, Steven R. (Med. Sch., Univ. Texas, Houston, TX 77025 USA). Prog. Clin. Biochem. Med. 1984, l(Essenb Non-Essent. Met., Metab. Antibiot. Act., Pharmacol. Benzodiazepines, Interferon Gamma Res.), 1-45 (Eng). A review with 340 refs, with emphasis on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Ni; other metals were discussed in less detail. 102: 73583b Biological activities of Klebsiella 03 lipopolysac= ebaride. Nakashima, Izumi; Ohta, Michio; Kido, Nobuo; Fujii, Yasuaki; Yokochi, Takashi; Nagase, Fumihiko; Hasegawa, Takaaki; Mori, Masashi; Isobe, Kenichi; et al. (Sch. Med., Nagoya Univ,, Aichi, Japan 466). Bad. Endotoxin 1984, 173-85 (Eng), Edited by Horoma, J. Yuzuru. Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, Fed. Rep. Ger. A review with 40 refs, of chem. compn, and adjuvant activity of Klebsiella 03 lipopolysacchgride. A hypothetical model of interaction between the lipopolysaccharide and macrophage cell surface is also presented. 102: 73584c Modeling of toxicological effects of fire gases: I, Incapacitating effects of narcotic fire gases. Kaplan, Harold L.; Hartzell, Gordon E. (Dep. Fire Technol., Southwest Res. Inst., San Antonio, TX 78284 USA). J. Fire Sci. 1984, 2(4), 286-305 (Eng). A review with 27 refs, on the modeling of the incapacitating effects of the narcotic fire gas toxicants based on correlation of obsd. effects with accumulated doses. 192: 73585d Considerations of toxicologic interactions in de= veloping new chemicals. Wilkinson, C. F.; Murray, M. (Inst. Comp. Envir. Toxicol., Cornell Univ,, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA). Drug Metab. Rev. 1984, 15(5-6), 897-917 (Eng). A review with 77 refs, on the metabolic activation of new chems., and the inhibition of monooxygenases and other enzymes with or without activation ASI 00004767 page 159 4-Toxicology Vo!. 102, 1955 1614 to SO; in open-lop chambers at mean ambient concns. of 164, 70, or 19 ag/n* for "*8 days. Exposure to SO; had no effect on calorific value or ash concn. in subterranean clover or ryegrass, but exposure lo 164 xig/m of SO; decreased leaf protein concns. in both species. Chlorophyll concns. were decreased by exposure to 164 and 70 pg/mJ of SO; in subterranean clover but not in ryegrass. Peroxidase K.003-S9-0] activity increased with increasing SO; concn. and ^^ation of exposure in subterranean clover, but not in ryegrass. Biecific peroxidase activity was increased in both species by exposure to 164-^,tnJ of SO; only. Root and shoot dry wts. were not affected by/exposur SOj. 102: 1602m Toxicological studies of plastic used in medical and phafnifcoetitical fields. Paropkari, Sujata; Dahanukar, Sharsdini y,- Karandikar, S. M. (Dep. Pharmacol., Seth G. S. Med. Coll., Bombay, 400 012 India). Indian Drugs 1984, 21(11), 495-7 (Eng). Biol, and physicochem. testa were performed on PVC [9002-86-2] end polyethylene [9002-88-4] materials used for infusion bags and i.v. sets manufd. in India from locally available materials. No toxic effects were obsd. in any of the testa performed. However, a biol. manifestation-like inflammation was seen in some samples. 102: 1603k Preadult lethality in four populations of Drosophila melanogaster treated with formaldehyde. San Miguel Satan, E. (Fac. Biol., Univ. Leon, Leon, Spain). Experientia 1984, 40(8), 861-2 (Eng). Samples from 4 populations of D. melanogaster were treated with formaldehyde [50-00-0] by the larval feeding method, and induced lethality was scored. The results showed relevant differences among the populations analysed. 102: 1604m An investigation into the phytotoxicity of zinc, copper and nickel using sewage sludge of controlled metal content. Davis, R. D.; Carlton-Smith, C. H. (Sludge Contaminants Sect., Water Res. Cent., Stevenage, UK SGI 1TH). Environ. Pollut., Ser. B 1984, 8(3), 163-85 (Eng). A replicated factorial pot trial with perennial ryegrass and a sandy loam soil (pH 7.0) investigated the relative phytotoxicities of Zn, Cu, and Ni, and the nature of their interaction. Sewage sludge of controlled metal content made from enriched sewage was used for the soil treatments so that each pot received the same amt. of sludge dry solids while quantities of metals added were adjustable as required. Upper crit. concns. (total) of the 3 elements in soil were 319 mg Zn/kg, 105 mg Cu/kg, and 221 mg Ni/kg. The relative toxicities of Zn/Cu/Ni were 1.0/2.6/1.0 on a loading rate basis. The comparatively low toxicity of Ni was attributed to the pH value (7.0) of the soil used. At suberit. levels in the soil, phytotoxic effects of mixts. of the 3 elements were independent but some additivity was seen when >1 element was already at a hypercriL leveL At suberit. levels, the element present u^he highest concn. relative to its crit. concn. detd. the phytotoxic on ryegrass yield of mixts. of Zn, Cu, and Ni in soil But >2 elements exceeded their crit. soil concns., their combined toxic effect could be taken as beiDg additive. Thus, the 3 elements could be dealt with sep. in guidelines for sludge utilization on agricultural land. 102: 1605n Lead (Pb) in spiders: a possible measure of atmospheric lead pollution. Clausen, Ian Henning Stenholt (Inst. PopulationsbioL, Koebenhavns Univ., Copenhagen, DK-2100 Den.). Environ. Pollut., Ser. B 1984, 8(3), 217-30 (Eng). Pb concns. were measured in 8 species of spider and the lichen Lecanora conizaeoides. Significant differences between spider species were found. The correlation between Pb in Araneus umbraticus (V) and L. conizaeoides (X) was highly significant, it being possible to describe the relation by means of the formula: Y - 0.804X-MJ, Thus, Pb in A, umbratkus may be used as a measure of atm. Pb pollution. 102: 1606p Trace metal residues in shellfish from Maryland waters, 1976-1980. Eisenberg, M.; Topping, J. J. (Off. Environ. Programs, Maryland Dep. Health Ment, Hyg., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA). J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B 1984, B19(7), 649-71 (Eng). Levels of 7 heavy metal residues (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn) were monitored in samples of the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica), the soft shell clam (Mya arenaria), the hard shell clam IMercinaria mercinaria), and the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Samples were taken from the Maryland section of the Chesapeake Bay and it* tributaries over a 5-yr period (1976-1980). This study was undertaken to provide an est. of a baseline for values of trace heavy metals. Also, the oyster, being a nonmobiie filter feeder, provides information regarding the level of.metai residues in its environment (water and sediment), because heavy metai uptake is related to the surrounding metal concns. Addnl., this type of monitoring program is essential to ensure that shellfish sold for human consumption are within safe limits established for toxic substances by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Result* of the study are consistent with data from previous years and no significant year-to-year trends were obsd. over the period of the investigation. 102: 1607q Distribution of nickel in the roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) after exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations. Van Hoof, F.; Nauwelaers, J. P. (L V. Antwerpse Waterwerken N. V., B-2018 Antwerp, Belg.). Chemosphere 1984, 13(9), 1053-8 (Eng). To^iwluate the impact of Ni in fish kills occurring in the Meuse rit^^A Belgium, a series of expts. were performed in which the ur^^^and distribution of Ni in fish (roach, R. rutilus) was studied alter administration of Ni Alone and in combination with other metals. In decreasing order, the highest Ni concns. were found in the gill, opercle, kidney, Liver, and muscle. After exposure to Ni in combination with Cu or Cr, levels in gill tissue increased significantly compared to levels encountered when fish were exposed to the same concn. of Ni alone. When the pH of the test soln. was lowered from 8.0 to 6.5, the lethal action and the accumulation of Ni in the gills increased. Control fish collected from a surface water storage reservoir and from the river had higher Ni levels in the opercle than in the gills. 102: 1608r Mercury and methylmercury in higher fungi and their relation with the substrata in a cinnabar mining area. Bargagli, R.; Baldi, F. (Dip. Biol. Ambientale, Univ. Siena, 53100 Siens, Italy). Chemosphere 1984, 13(9), 1059-71 (Eng). Higher fungi (195 specimens) and their substrata collected in a Hg-mining area of central Italy were analyzed for their total Hg content. Whereas wood decomposers and many species of mycorrhizal fungi accumulated the metal at a very low rate, some mycorrhizal species and all the humus decomposers accumulated 100 eg/g of Hg and in the least contaminated sites, 63 times as much Hg as the substratum. The methylmercury content of 35 species (almost ail edible), ranged between 0.01 and 3.7 ag/g. 102: 1609s Impairment of retinal protein synthesis and axonal transport along the optic pathway of albino rabbits by intraocular administration of methylmercury. Chihara, Etsuo; Sakugawa, Masanao; Tsukada, Takako (Fac. Med., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, Japan 606). Nippon Gonka Gokkai Zasshi 1984, 88(9), 1224-8 (Japan). Impairment of retinal protein synthesis and axonal transport along the optic pathway was studied after an intraocular (vitreal) injection of 10-100 me methylmercury to rabbits. Protein synthesis m the retina (ganglion cells) was decreased after an intraocular injection of 10 Mg methylmercury, whereas the O/R ratio (amt. of axonally transferred radioactive protein in the optic nerve and tract vs. amt. of retinally synthesized radioactive protein) was not significantly affected. Intraocular administration of &25 pg methylmercury caused impairment of both the retinal protein synthesis and axonal transport. The retinal protein synthesis decreased within 1 day after an injection of the methylmercury, and did not recover for a long period (>2 mo). Protein synthesis of the ganglion cells seems to be primarily and directly affected by mtravitreal methylmercury, because synthetic abnormality precede changes in axonal transport, 102: l$I0k The autoradiographic localization of retained orally administered cadmium tracer within Paneth cells of rat duodenum. Phdlpotts, C. J. (Dep. Sci., Bristol Polytech., Bristol, UK BS16 1QY). Toxicology 1984, 33(1), 59-66 (Eng). Rats not previously exposed to Cd and rats whose sole source of drinking water for the previous 9 mo contained 0.2 g Cd/L were given intragastrically 100 fid uCdCl;. After 96 h more isotope was retained in the duodenums of rats not previously exposed to Cd than in the duodenums of Cd-exposed rata. In the rats not previously exposed to Cd, radioactivity was coned. In the Paneth cells at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn. This did not occur in Cd-exposed rata. Paneth cells are known to contain Zn and metallothionein but their retention of Cd has not previously been reported. Since exposure to environmental Cd is largely via contaminated food and water, the role of Paneth cells may be of significance in toxicol. 102: 1611m Cerebral cytochrome aai inhibition by cyanide in bloodless rats. Piantadosi, C. A.; Sylvia, A. L. (Med. Cent., Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27710 USA). Toxicology 1984, 33(1), 67-79 (Eng). I.v. cyanide-induced transient increases in cerebral cytochrome aai [57-12-5] redn. level and subsequent redox recovery kinetics were similar in bloodless (i.e,, perfiuorocarbon emulsion-perfused) and normal blood circulated rats. Electroencephalog. activity was amintajned until a 50% increase in the redn. level of cytochrome aaj was induced with cyanide. Pretreatment with the cyanide antagonist NajSzOj also protected brain cytochrome aa* from cyanide-mediated redox state changes by ~4-fold both in normal blood circulated controls and during the bloodless circulation. Apparently, NajSjOs, presumably acting at tissue sites of rhodanase activity, can prevent cerebral cytochrome aas redn. by cyanide even in the virtual absence of blood or circulating proteins. 102: 1612n Chronic lead exposure differentially affects dopamine transport in rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. Missale, C.; Battaini, F.; Govoni, {?.; Castelietti, L.; Spano, P. F.; Trabucchi, M. (Dep. Pharmacol. Ther., Univ. Brescia, Brescia, Italy). Toxicology 1984, 33(1), 81-90 (Eng). Dopamine [51-61-6] release and uptake were studied in slices of striatum and nucleus accumbens of rats chronically exposed to Pb [2.5 mg Pb(OAc)2/mL in drinking water]. Pb poisoning inhibited striatal dopamine uptake and stimulated it at the mesolimoic leveL Cocaine binding, that is related to the uptake system, was below normal in the striatum. Apparently, chronic Pb-poisoning interferes with dopaminergic transmission at the presynaptic level through specific and differential interactions with the uptake process depending on the area examd. 102: 1613p Acute toxic action of di-n-butyltin dichloride influenced by meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid. Merkord, Jutta; Hennighausen, G. (Inst PharmakoL ToxikoL, Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock, DDR-2500 Rostock, Ger. Dem. Rep.). Pharmaiie 1984, 39(8), 572-3 (Ger). In mice poisoned with 15 or 100 Mmol BuzSnCl; [683-18-1] (i.v, or orally, resp.), treatment with meso-2,3-dimercap~ tosuccinic acid (I) [304-55-2] (100 Mmol/kg, i.p.) 10 min after the poisoning moderated toxic effects of the Sn compd. (on thymus wt., thymocyte no., and bile duct diam.); later treatment (after 5-24 h) had no or even neg. effects. LDm of the Sn compd. was not affected by the treatment at any time after the poisoning. The effect of I against the poisoning was better than that of dimercaprol [59-52-9]. 102: lGI4q Effect of cadmium on tbo mineral compositions in the serum, tibia and teeth of albino rat. Cho, Soo Yeul; Ahn, Choon Kil; Jeung, Jae Hong (Grad. Sch. Environ. Stud., Yeungnam Univ,, S- Korea). Han'guh Yongyang Siklyong Hakhoechi 1983, 12(3), 196-201 (Korean), Growth rate was significantly decreased as the feeding level of Cd increased. The wt. of th>` kidnev h-irt ASI 00004768 102: 91215n Carcinogenic activity of haloacetonitriles and haloacetone derivatives in the mouse skin and lung. Bull, R. J.; Robinson, M. (Health Eff. Res. Lab., Cincinnati, OH USA). Report 1984, EPA-600/D-84-185; Order No. PBS4-215508, 19 pp. (Eng). Avail. NT1S. From Gov. Rep. Announce. Index (U. S.) 1984, 84(21 j, 79. The carcinogenicity in mouse skin and lung of chloro- 107-14-2], dichloro- [3018-12-0], trichloro- [545-06-2], bromochloro83463-62-1 ], and dibromoacetonitrile [3252-43-5] and of 1,1-dichloro513-88-2] end 1,1,1 -trichloroacetone [918-00-3] was studied. The laloacetonitriles found in drinking water, with the possible exception of the dichloro compd., possessed carcinogenic properties. It was not possible to demonstrate such activity with the chlorinated acetones. 102: 91216p Mutagenic activity of some intercalating compounds in the Drosophila zeste somatic eye mutation test. Xamena, N.; Creus, A,; Marcos, R. (Fac. Cienc., Univ. Auton. Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain). Mutat. Res. 1984, 138(2-3), 169-73 (Eng). obtained when RBC were incubated with 62 mM di-Et malcate (DEM), a well known GSH depleting agent. Sephadex G-100 chromatog, of lysates from human RBC incubated with radioactive chromate (*'Cr(VI)) showed a strong affinity of 51Cr for Hb: 97% of the applied dose was bound to Hb whereas only minor amts, of L,Oi were found in the low-mol. fractions. However, incubations of prepd. lysates (as opposed to intact cells) with 10 mM Na^'CrOi markedly raised the Cr content of low-mok fractions (probably GSH-Cr-complexes), probably indicative of a role of GSH in the intracellular redn. of Cr(VI) to Cr(IIJ), the latter being regarded as the ultimately toxic species of this metal. 102: 91220k Regulation of glycophorin gene expression by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester in human leukemic K562 cells. Siebert, Paul D.; Fukuda, Minoru (Cancer Res. Cent., La Jolla Cancer Res. Found., La Jolla, CA 92037 USA). J. Biol. Ckem. 1985, 260(1), 640-5 (Eng). The mechanism for redn. of glycophorin The toiicities of acridine orange (I) [65-61-2], acriflauine [65589-70--0], Et methanesulfonate (EMS) [62-50-0], ethidium bromide [1239-45-8], quinacrine [83-89-6], and chloroquine [54-05-7] to D. melanogaster zeste strain larvae were detd., being toxic compared to controls and intercalating agents-for DNA, except EMS, which served as pos. control. All the intercalating compds. and EMS were mutagenic, based on an increased frequency of red eye spots in adult males after larval treatments. Thus, the zeste strain somatic mutation test is sufficiently sensitive to detect mutagenic potential of intercalating agents. 102: 91217q Carcinogenesis by N-nitroBohexsmethyleneimine in NZO inbred mice. Goodall, C. M.; Lijinsky, W. (Med. Sch., Univ. Otago, Dunedin, N. Z.). Toxicology 1984, 33(3-4), 251-9 (Eng). The carcinogenic response of NZO/BIGd inbred mice of both sexes to oral N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHEX) [932-83-2] was investigated at 2 differing dose rates, but equal cumulative doses. Mice received 52 mg NHEX (2 mg/g) in drinking water over either an 8-wk period (200 mg/L) or a 32-wk period (50 mg/L), and were then kept for their natural iifespans. The main sites of tumorigenesis were upper alimentary tract (oropharynx, esophagus, squamous and glandular stomach) and liver. Lymphomas and biliary epithelial tumors were also induced, but lung carcinogenic response was of marginal statistical significance. In contrast to previous reports, responses in mice very similar to the organ pattern of NHEX carcinogenesis in rats were found. A comparable previous study in rata found a more marked change in response pattern at the 2 NHEX dose rates, but total doses differed by 1.6-fold. With equal total doses of NHEX the mouse tumor patterns at the same 2 dose rates were nearly the same, but there were higher incidences of liver and lung tumors and of lymphomas at the high dose rate, in agreement with the rat study. There were no significant sex differences in carcinogenic response. 102: 9121Sr The pharmacokinetics of benzofa]pyrene in the isolated perfused rabbit lung: the influence of benzo[a]pyrene, n-dodecane, particulate, or sulfur dioxide. Morgan, David D.; Warshawsky, David; Niemeier, Richard W.; Bingham, Eula (Med. Cent., Cincinnati Vet. Admin., Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA). Toxicology 1984, 33(3-4), 275-89 (Eng). The pharmacokinetics of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)(I) [50-32-8] in the isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPL) following pretreatment of the whole animal or simultaneous administration to the IPL with n-dodecane [112-40-3], Fej03, crude airborne particulate (CAP), fly ash, or SO2 was investigated using a 1-compartment model. The rate const, for the appearance (k,,) of BaP in the blood, the clearance of BaP from the blood, and the rate of appearance of BaP metabolites (RAM) were the kinetic parameters detd. BaP entered the blood rapidly with an av. half-life of 11 min in expta. in which the IPLs received only BaP on perfusion. The logarithms of the clearances from these expts. were linearly correlated with the RAMs. In these expts., pretreatment of the whole animal with BaP produced a 48-55-fold increase in BaP clearance whereas pretreatment with n-dodecane increased the clearance 4-fold in comparison with no pretreatment. Pretreatment with FejOa or FezOs and BaP increased the clearance by factors of 5.5 and 1.5, resp., over those of unpretteated and BaP-pretreated expts. 102: 91219s The reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by glutathione: an intracellular redox pathway in the metabolism of the carcinogen chromate. Wiegand, H. J.; Ottenwaelder, H.; Bolt, H. M. (Inst. ArbeitsphyBiol,, Univ. Dortmund, 4600 Dortmund, 1 Fed. Rep. Ger.). Toxicology 1984, 33(3-4), 341-8 (Eng). The capacity of GSH [70-18-8] to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in vitro was investigated. The reaction was detd. spectrophotometrically by following the absorption of Cr(Vl) at 370 nm. At stoichiometric conditions (molar ratio Cr(VI)/GSH of 1:3) the redn. was strongly dependent on the soln.'s pH. It was much slower at pH 7.4 than at pH values <5. An excess of GSH (100- or 1000-fold) accelerated the reaction. In any case, 3 GSH mots, were required to reduce 1 mol. of chromate. Incubation of human red blood cells (RBC) with an excess of NajCrQi (10 mM) decreased the GSH content of the cells to 10% of the original amt. This depletion of GSH was similar to that expression was examd. By immunopptn, of metabolically labeled proteins, an 11-fold redn. in the incorporation of 13H-labeled glucosamine [3416-24-8] into glycophorin after 48 h of TPA (I) [16561-29-8] treatment was detected. This was closely correlate with a redn. in ssS-Iabeled methionine [63-68-3] incorporation, suggesting that regulation occurs at the level of protein synthesis and not glycosylation. TPA decreased the incorporation of |3H]glycosamine into glycophorin in another leukemic cel) line, HEL. A time course showed that there was a 3-fold redn. in glycophorin biosynthesis as early as 4 h after TPA treatment. The level then decreased to 10% of the untreated control levels after 12 h of treatment. The redn. in glycophorin biosynthesis was reversible following removal of TPA from the culture medium. By immunopptn. of in vitro translation products directed by purified total cellular RNA, there is a corresponding decrease in glycophorin mRNA activity. Glycophorin mRNA activity was extensively reduced as early as 1 h after TPA treatment and by 12 h was nearly undetectable. Interestingly, the size of the primary translation product was 8 kdaltons larger than the fylly-piqcessed apoprotein. These results are consistent with the trajjbcriptionU regulation of glycophorin expression by TPA KJSt91221ijf Malignant fibrous histiocytomas induced in rats by pokyeri-rs. Maekawa, Akihiko; Ogiu, Toshiaki; Onodera, Hiroshi; Furuta, Kyoko; Matsuoka, Chiaki; Ohno, Yuko; Tanigawa, Hiroyuko; Salmo, Gilda S.; Matsuyama, Mutsushi; Hayashi, Yuzo (Div. Pathol., Natl. Inst. Hyg. Sci., Tokyo, Japan 15S). J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1984, 108(3), 364-5 (Eng). Five polymeric materials (3 types of PVC [9002-86-2], 1 polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate [25249-16-5], and 1 di-Me polysiloxane) were implanted into s.c. tissues of rats. S.c. tumors developed in all exptl. groups. The incidences of the tumors differed, however, for the different materials. Thus, chem. characteristics of the materials may influence the incidence of s.c. tumors. Many of the tumors were diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytomas. 102: 91222n Use of human blood cells treated in vitro for detection of potential genotoxicity of chemical agents. Ros, Y. (Unite Toxicol., Inst. Hyg. Epidemiol., B-1050 Brussels, Belg.), Arch. Belg. Med. Sac., Hyg., Med. Trav. Med. Leg. 1984, 42(5-6), 325-38 (Fr). In normal human peripheral lymphocytes incubated 72 b with benzo[a]pyrene (I) [50-32-8], EMS [62-50-0], mitomycin C [50-07-7J, cyclophosphamide [50-18-0], or TPA [16561-29-8], the mitotic index was below normal and the incidence of nucleus deformation was above normal. Chromosome aberrations were induced by 1, cyclophosphamide and TPA. Sister chromatid exchange was induced by mitomycin C. 102: 91223p Adsorption of pyrolyzate mutagens by vegetable fiber*. Kada, Tsuneo; Kato, Masayuki; Aikawa, Katsuhiro; Kiriyama, Shuhachi (Dep. Induced Mutat., Natl. Inst. Gen., Mishima, Japan 411). Mutat. Res. 1984, 141(3-4), 149-52 (Eng). Ut By detg. the mutagenicity of the amino acid pyrolyzates [Trp-Pl (1) [62450-06-0], Trp-P2 (II) [62450-07-1], and Glu-Pl (III) [67730-11^1]] in the Ames test before adsorption onto vegetable fibers and subsequent to treatment with vegetable fibers, it was established that the fibers decreased mutagenicity <100% in 1 h. Fractionation of the fiber-adsorbed mutagen showed the activity to be removed from the fibers partially by washing the water, but mainly by extn. with org. solvents. ASI 00004769 t1SSG6 Chemical Abstraits \ ol. 1 04 10oo i reflected by Hg levels in urine (HgU) (means 52 and 37 pg/g dose >200 pg C'd-yr/L. Measurements of Cd in the blood can be creatinine for males and females, reap.) and blood Hg levels (mean used as an indicator of the Cd exposure of each individual, and, in 1,4 and 0.9 pg/d L for males and females, resp,). Several symptoms order to prevent renal dysfunction, the av. blood-Cd conen. shtuld mainly related to the central nervous system (memory disturbances, not be >10 pg Cd/L over periods of many years (decades). depressive feelings, fatigue, irritability) were more prevalent in 102: 1188I3v Hygienic characteristics of working conditions Hg-exposed subjects but were not related to exposure parameters. in producing vanadium oxychloride, Feigin, B. G.; Cheprasov, I. Slight renal tubular effects, i.e. increased urinary d-galactosidase M. (Inst. Kraevoi Patol,, Alma-Ata, USSR). Gig Tr Prof Zcbal. t [9031-11-2] activity and increased urinary excretion of retinol-binding 1985, (1), 51-2 (Russ). The prodn. of VOCh is assoed. with protein, were more related to the current exposure intensity (HgU) emissions of Cl, TiCh, HC1, dust, and high temp. Measures for than to the duration of exposure and were detected only when HgU protecting worker health include installation of exhaust fans, exceeded 50 pg/g creatinine. Changes in hand tremor parameters automation, and enclosure of areas where VOCL and its intermediates were detected in males, mainly for >10 yr exposure, and -were more are in the open. related to the integrated exposure than to current exposure. This 102: 118814w Early diagnosis of chronic poisonings by vinyl Btudy tends to validate the previously proposed biol. threshold limit chloride. Langauer-Lewowicka, H.; Chabei-Garlinska, J.; Kalemba, of HgU of 50 pg/g creatinine for workers chronically exposed to Hg K. (Inst. Labor Med. Coal Metall. Ind., Sosnowiec, Pot.). Gig Tr. vapor. Prof. Zabol. 1985, (1), 53-4 (Russ). A study of workers in a tinyl 102: 118807w Respirator cartridge evaluation for isocyanate chloride (I) [75-01-4] prodn. and polymn. plant showed widespread containing Imron and Centari enamels. Vasts, Julia F. (Cent. incidence of liver enlargement (257o), lowered -y-glutaminetransferase Res. Dev. Dep., E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Newark, DF, 19711 activity (477c), dermatitis of the hands (57o), digestive tract pain USA). Am. lnd. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1985, 46(1), 39-44 (Eng). (487c), headache (457e), and Raynand syndrome (narrowing of the Org. vapor respirator cartridges prevented isocyanate exposure blood vessels in finger tips). All these observations suggest that during use with Imron [91932-19-3] and Centari [91931-41-8], 2 frequent rotation of workers to areas without exposure to I is isocyanate contg. enamels, under conditions which approx, field desirable. conditions, although solvent breakthrough was obsd. under some 102: 118815x Hygienic assessment of labor conditions in zinc conditions. During 4-h exposures to Imron, neither solvent nor hydrometallurgy. Nishchii, R. A. (Nil Kraevoi Patol., Ut-Ka = isocyanate break-through was obsd. with the Wilson Products R21 menogorsk, USSR). Gig. Sanit. 1985, (l), 93-5 (Russ). High temp. org. vapor cartridge with R15 prefilier. On exposure of this cartridge (35), humidity (<987c satn.), dust, SO2, PbO, ZnO, AszOs, HC1, to Centari, acetone [67-64-1] breakthrough, followed by other HiSOi, ZnSCh, and ZnCli present in aerosols and vapors of Zn solvents, was obsd. after 10 h, but even after 25 h, isocyanate smelters present health hazards to the employees. Their combined breakthrough was not obsd. Ethyl acetate [141-78-6] broke effect results in clin. observable disturbances of the digestive organs, through the Mine Safety Appliances org. vapor cartridge and peripheral nervous system, and lungs. prefilter after 15 h, but isocyanate had not broken through even after 102: 118816y Airborne fiber control in buildings during asbestos 18 h of exposure. material removal by amended water methodology. Sawyer, 102: 1 lSSOSx Health examination and air monitoring evaluation Robert N.; Rohl, Arthur N.; Langer, Arthur M. (Environ. Sci. Lab., for workers exposed to 2-nitropropane. Crawford, Gary N.; Mount Sinai Sch. Med,, New York, NY 10029 USA). Environ. Res Garrison, Richard P.; McFee, Donald R. (Occusafe, Inc., Wheeling, 1985, 36(1), 46-55 (Eng). Removal of friable asbeslos-rontg. 1L 60090 USA). Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1985, 46(1), 45-7 (Eng). material can cause high levels of airborne contamination. The Comprehensive employee health examns. along with solvent extn. potential efficacy of control methods recommended by the Environmental work-place area and personal monitoring were conducted to evaluate Protection Agency (EPA) was evaluated by examn of 503 air samples potential exposure to 2-nitropropane [79-46-9], The employee obtained in 40 removal projects in a no. of locations. The EPA cross section included in the study consisted of nearly all workers at methodol. with amended water for fiber emission control was utilized the plant. The entire workforce was represented, including those On all of the obsd. removal project. The projects were also who did not have contact with 2-nitropropane. No adverse health considered to be well controlled anti the study cannot be conUdr-md effects were found which could be connected with work experience. representative of common work practice. The EPA amended water Body systems evaluated included lungs, liver, kidney, blood, skin and methodol., when effectively utilized and administered, can provide a cardiovascular. Work area levels at specific locations sometimes ^high degree of contamination control. Mean fiber (f) levels in the exceeded 25 ppm, but personal time-weighted av. levels generally .work area in this study (1.1 f/cm3) were well below those of dry were below 25 ppm. removal (38.9 f/cm3) and control by application by untreated water 102: 118809y Cyanide intoxication among silver-reclaiming (28.6 f/cm3). Airborne contamination was higher during bagging workers. Blanc, Paul; Hogan, Mary, Mallin, Katherine; Hryhorczuk, debris (3.8 f/cm3) than during material removal from structural Daniel; Hessl, Stephen; Bernard, Bruce (Div. Occup. Med., Cook surfaces. The range of fiber levels during removal was 0,0-37.0 f/cm3 Cty. Hosp , Chicago, IP 60612 USA). JAMA, J. Am. Med Assoc. and fibers were detected from initial barrier construction through 1985, 253(3), 367-71 (Eng). Thirty-six former Ag-reclaiming final cleaning. Contamination was also occasionally detected outside facility workers who had been exposed over a long time to excessive work area containment barriers. Air sampling produced 0.0 counts in levels of CN- were studied to det. acute and residual toxic reactions. areas of obvious contamination by settled dust and debris. Control Questionaire data showed that during the time of active employment, methodologies, respiratory protection, and decontamination are there was a high incidence of symptoms that are consistent with discussed. acute CN" toxic reactions. A significant pos. trend for prevalence of 102: J 48817z Accidental exposure to sarin: vision effects. CN--related symptoms measured against the levels of exposure Rengstorff, Roy H. (U.S. Army Med. Res. Inst. Chem. Def., supported a dose-response effect. Some symptoms that occurred >7 Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21040 USA). Arch. Toxicol. 1985, mo after exposure had ceased also exhibited a dose response-trend. 56(3), 201-3 (Eng). Two men were accidentally exposed to vapors of Mild abnormalities in mean vitamin Bn [68-19-9] and folic acid sarin [107-44-8], a cholinesterase [9001-08-5] inhibitor and [59-30-3] levels and thyroid function suggested long-term CN- extremely toxic nerve gas. Diagnosis was confirmed by depressed effects. cholinesterase activity, and fixed extremely miotic pupils. No other 102: 118810s Determination of heavy metals in welder's working signs of symptoms developed and neither man required treatment. environment using nuclear analytical methods. Olah, L.; Recovery to normal cholinesterase activity was gradual over a 90-day Tolgyessy, J. (Weld. Res. Inst., Bratislava, Czech.). J. Radioanal. period. Pupillary reflexes were not detectable until 11 days after Plucl. Chem. 1985, 93(1), 43-53 (Eng). An evaluation of the chem. exposure; the miotic pupils dilated slowly over a 30-45 day-period. quality of the working environment was made by means of radionuclide Eye pain and blurred vision did not occur; visual acuity and x-ray fluorescence anal, and activation anal, with fast neutrons. amplitude of accommodation were improved for several weeks. Welding aerosols were sampled by filtration on Syripor 4 membrane Other functions not affected significantly were intraocular pressure, ultrafilters. For selected types of welding filter metals, detn. of visual fields, color vision, heterophorias, and vergences. heavy metals in aerosols was performed. 102: 118818a A methyl bromide monitor. Wiseman, J. R. (Div. 102: llSSllt Studies on the parameters of the working cnvi = Entomol., CSIRO, Canberra, 2601 Australia). Dev. Agric Eng 1984, ronment during training at a rubber industry secondary 5(Controlled Atmos Fumigation Grain Storages), 739-49 (Eng). polytechnics! school. Kulkina, K.; Ncdeva, V. (MA, Sofia, Bulg.). A sensitive and accurate instrument is described for monitoring Khig. Zdraveopaz 1984, 27(5), 456-61 (Bulg). The microclimatic concns. of methyl bromide [74-83-9] in the range 1-20 ppm at conditions in rooms for training in secondary polytech, schools in numerous points in large work-areas, Jts operation is entirely rubber industry in Bulgaria meet the hygienic stds. for indoor air automatic, micro-computer management being used to continuously quality, however, the air in workshops for practical training often standardize and calibrate the instrument, monitor its performance, contains toxic substances, e.g., Cent [71-43-2], vinyl chloride gather, process and record concn. data, and actuate alarms. [75-01-4], oil aerosols, Et acetate [141-78-6], Bu acetate [123-86-4], 102: 118819b Zinc and copper concentrations in the hair of CO, and styrene [100-42-5] at conens. exceeding the max. workers from zinc based industries in India. Raghupathy, L ; permissible levels. At the workplace, the levels of toxic compds. are Sharma, V. N, (Bioi. Sci. Group, Birla Inst. Technol. Sci, Raj.Lilian, close to the max. permissible concr.s. 333031 India). Sci. Total Environ. 1985, 41(1), 73-8 (Eng). 102: ll8812u A suggestion on how to use measurements of Some trace elements have been identified as potential hazards cadmium in blood as a cumulative dose estimate. Rogenfelt, following long term exposure, and recently there has been intense Artur; Elinder, Carl Custaf; Jaerup, Lars (Co. Health Care Unit, work on different elemental exposure studies. Hair being the most Granges Aluminium, Finspang, Swed.). Int. Arch. Occup Environ. convenient hiupsy material has enabled the study of these elements Health 1984, 55(1), 43-8 (Eng). The individual cumulative Cd in the human body and periodic sampling provides rates for this dose was estd. for smelter workers in a Cd-Cu alloy plant. Two uptake. The present study has been done to compare the concn. of different principles were used: cumulative respiratory dose and Zn and Cu in human hair of the workers from the Zn based industry cumulative av. annual blood-Cd dose. Out of 8 workers with a at Udaipur. The concn. of Zn is higher in smelter workers than in cumulative respiratory dose exceeding 500 mg Cd-h/m1, 2 of them the population of Udaipur city; the value of Zn in the mine workers (257c) had signs of a Cd-induced renal dysfunction. These 2 men is close to that of Udaipur city subjects. However, the correlation were the only workers that had a cumulative av. annual blood Cd between the 2 elements is significant at p < 0.01 for 7,n mine workers. ASI 00004770 154113 Chemical Abstracts Yol 102, 19oo 102: 154113a Choice of a tracer for the determination of the concentration of some metals in aerosols. Oeseburg, F.; Vos, M. (Prins Maurits Lab., TNO, Rijswijk, Neth,). Report 1984, PML-19S4-IN-008; 16 pp. (Neth). Avail ECN, POB 1, 1755 ZG Petten, Neth.. From Energy Res. Abstr 1985, 10(2), Abstr. No. 1S02. To investigate the pollution caused by smoke stacks it is necessary to add uncommon, extraneous, and yet easily detectable compds. to the stack gases as tracers. Air samples are taken and filtered with filter paper (Whatman 41). Sr(N03)2.4Hj0 is recommended as a tracer compd. for stack gases. 102: 154114b Assessment of liberation of noxious substances in plasma cutting of metals with APR-type plasma cutting apparatus. Borisevich, 0. A.; Kozlov, V. A.; Plekhnv, FI. V. (Leningr. Korablestr. Inst., Leningrad, USSR). Soar Proizvod. 1985, (2), 39-40 (Russ). The concn. of dust in air near the plasma cutting of Steel 3, Steel 09G2. or Cu is 0.0157-0.0024, 0.0187-0.0026, or 0.0005-0.09075 g/m3 and its is independent of the metal plate thickness. These dust concns. exceed the max. allowable concns. Thus, air purifn. by Filtration or cyclone dust removal is required. 102: 154115c Effect of air pollution by solvents from polyester manufacture on the enzymic activity of agricultural soils. Shimko, N. A.; Efremov, A. L-; Shcherbakova, T. A, (Inst. Eksp. Boh im Kuprevichna, Minsk, USSR). Vestsi Akad. Novak BSSR, Ser. Biyal. Sovuk 19S5, (1), 17-21 (Belorussian). The activity of posphota.se [9013-05-2], catalase [9001-05-2], invertose [9001-57-4], and amylase [9000-92--1] enzymes in soils can be used as indicators of soil pollution by solvent vapors (MeOH [67-56-1], ethylene glycol [107-21-1], xylene [1330-20-7]) and polyesters (di-Me terephihclate [120-61-6]). A statistically significant decrease of enzymic activity is obsd. as the concn. of these cbems. (esp. MeOH) in the soil is increased. 102: 1541I6d Chlorinated aromatics from the combustion of hazardous waste. Oberg, T., Aittola, J. P.; Bergstroem, J. G. T. (Studsvik AB, S-611 82 Nykoeping, Swed.). Chemosphere 1985, 14(2), 215-21 (Eng). The prodn. and emission of chlorinated aroms. from a hazardous waste incinerator were shown to be influenced by the operating conditions. 102: 154117e Separation of radioactive inert gases from nuclear power plant emissions. Wilhelmova, Ludmila; Dvorak, Zdenek (Ustav Dozimetrie Zareni, CSAV, Prague, Czech.). Ochr. Ovzdusi 1985, 17(1), 8-10 (Czech). The removal is discussed of Kr and Xe isotopes (esp. long-lived tsKr) from nuclear plant and nuclear fuel reprocessing plant emissions by adsorption on active carbon beds. Empirical functions describing the adsorption of radioactive elements in such beds are provided. 102: 154118f The progress of renal dysfunction in cadmium-- exposed persons. Piscator, M. (Univ. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA). Ed. Proc - Int. Cadmium Conf., 4th 1983, 157-60 (Eng). Edited by Wilson, David; Volpe, Rosalind A. Cadmium Assoc.: London, UK, A follow-up study on the glomerular function in workers with histories of long occupational exposure to Cd showed no changes in urinary protein excretion in cases with fully developed tubular proteinuria 20 yr ago. whereas there were significant increases in cases with low protein excretion at that time. A sudden increase in protein excretion occurred also in workers, whose renal function was normal 13 >r ago and in a worker, who showed a marked increase in ftmicroglobulin (I) excretion several years ago. This indicates that Cd nephropathy proceeds in several stages, i.e., a localized lesion resulting in a decreased reabsorption of I and other proteins; the spreading of the reabsorption defect to other parts of the proximal tubule at higher Cd concns.; and a more pronounced decrease in the reabsorption of other proteins, e.g. albumin. 102: 154119g Sulfide dust explosions in metalliferous mines. Enright, Roger J. (Sch. Civ. Mm. Eng , Univ. Sydney, Sydney, 2006 Australia). AIMM Proc. I9S4, 289(Oct.), 253-7 (Eng). Testa of pyritic, pyrrhotitic, and siliceous dusts from the Elura mine , Australia, (primarily pvrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena) which have a relatively high S content, showed that the dust can produce dangerous explosions. The max. explosive pressures were 360 kPa for siliceous and 440 kPa for pyrrhotitic dust; rates of pressure rise reached 5200 kPa/s. The major hazards of a sulfide dust explosion are pressure wave and flame front propagation and the toxic gases remaining after the explosion. 102: 154120a Controlling lead chromates in the workplace. Cowley, A. C. D. (Org. Div., Imp. Chem. Ind. PLC, Blackley/Manchester, UK). Conge. FATIPEC 1984, J7th(2), 59-80 (Eng). Time-weighted Pb in air levels at li major paint manufacturers in the UK were well below 0.075 mg/m3. Blood Pb values in several groups of workers indicate very low exposure levels. Prodn. of Pb chromate pigments and paints does not cause appreciable health risks. 102: 154121b Studies on the stability of esters in blood in vitro. Ghittori. S.; Imbriani, M.; Borlmi, F.; Pezzagno, G.; Zadra, P. (Cent. Med. Pavia. Fond. Clin. Lavoro, Pavia, Italy). Boll - Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 1984, 60(11), 2207-13 (ltal). Esters, used as industrial solvents and of interest as occupational exposure hazards, were incubated for 1-8 h in H:0 or in blood and the extent of hydrolysis was detd. No hy'drolysis occurred in the pure aq. soln. but progressive hydrolysis of all the esters except iso-Pr acetate [IOS-21-4] and tert-Bu acetate [310-88-5] took place in blood. The instability of the esters (and particularly of some acetates) in blood argues against the advisability of dctg. the blood/air partition coeffs. of such compds. and renders their assay problematic in expired and alveolar air, blood, and other biol, fluids. Presently, the permissible environmental limits for these esters are higher than those for the corresponding alcB., but, because of the propensity to hydrolyze, the permissible limits for some acetates such as sec-Bu, iso-Bu, Bu, and Me acetate should be reduced to those of the resp ales. 102; 154122c Considerations on the relations between concent trations of mercury in air and biological fluids in mercury-exposed workers. Mazarrasa Mowinckei, Olav; Duenas Molina, Carlos: Arce Kecio, Roberto; Arribas Jimeno, Siro (Inst. Nac. Segn.-idad Hig. Trabajo, Santander, Spainh Med. Segur. Trob 1985, 31 321), 13-20 (Span). The concns. of Hg in urine and blood of workers exposed to elemental Hg vapors showed a significant correlation (r = 0.67, p < 0.01) between the 2 parameters. The results of measurements in groups classified on the basis of blood Hg values were best described by a nonlinear function (r3 = 0.96). Hg levels in workplace air and the urine of workers over 7 workdays and 2 rest days were significantly correlated (r = 0.86, p < 0.01)8 with a Hg air/urine ratio of 1:1.12. The urinary Hg concns. were very similar on work ar.d rest days. 102: 154123d Relation between the respiratory function test and radiology in 25 cases of asbestosis. Gomez Uroz. G L.; Nadal Cabrero, M, C. (Dispensario Cent. Enferm. Prof., Spain), Med.'Segur. Trab 1985, 31(121), 32-7 (Span). Workers diagnosed as having asbestosis were studied to establish the possible correlation between the results of a radiol. examn. and those of a respiratory function study. There seems to be a correlation between the '.vpc o! opacity found and the degree of respiratory function aitected, verified by studies of vital capacity, max. respiratory capacity in 1 s, and alveolar-capillary diffusion capacity (CO transfer method1- Thidegree of deterioration of pulmonary function progresses increasingly from profusion 1/1 up to 3/3. The presence of pleural pistes is assoed. with deterioration of vital capacity by 5% of the theor. value, max. respiratory capacity by 5.5%, and alveolar-capillary diffusion by 15%. 102: 154124e Pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in poly(vinyl chloride) fabrication workers. Baser, Michael E , Tockman, Melvyn S.; Kennedy, Thomas P. (Dep. Environ. Health Sci., Johns Hopkins Med. Inst., Baltimore, MD USA). Am Rev Respir. Dis. 1985, 131(2), 203-8 (Eng). Preshift and pustshift spirometry were performed and a standardized respiratory symptoms questionnaire was administered to white males currently employed in poly(uinylchloride) (PVC) [9002-86-2] fabrication to examine the acute and chronic respiratory effects of work exposure. Although there were no significant differences between the in-plant comparison group and any department with potential exposures, there was evidence for respiratory effects in the combined group of comparison and exposed workers, id the combined group, duration of employment was significantly assoed. with decrements in adjusted cross-shift ratio of forced expiratory vol. in Is to forced vital capacity (FEY..FVC) preshift F'EVi/FVC, and prevalence of chronic cough and chronic phlegm. In nonsmokers, the prevalences of chronic wheeze ar.d chest tightness were high (36.0 and 50.5%, resp.). The age--adjusted prevalence of chronic wheeze in nonsmokers was also elevated 3.54-fold when compared with that in a community study in the lit. The cross-sectional design and in-plant comparison group may mask the effects of exposures on the entire plant population, and that employment in this plant is assoed. with patterns of obstructive air-flow limitation and respiratory symptoms consistent with exposure to pulmonary irritants. Possible agents of pulmonary effects in PVC fsbrication are not limited to vinyl chloride munomev. PVC dust, and PVC thermal degrdn. products. 102: 154123f Control technology for fermentation processes walk-through survey report of Miles Laboratories, Inc., Elkhart, Indiana. Martinez, K, F. (Eng. Control Technol Branch, Natl. Inst. Occup. Saf, Health, Cincinnati, OH USA). Report 19M, CT-116-16A; Order No. PB84-243518, 14 pp. (Eng). Avail NTIS. From Gov. Rep. Announce. Index (U. S.) 1984, 84(25), 49. A walk through survey was made to assess control technol. at the enzyme prodn. facility. The enzyme prodn. operation was essentially a close' system. Employee contact with the process, once the raw materialwere deposited into individual containers, was minimal other than for equipment maintenance or manual broth sample extn. The facility maintained a clean occupational environment and good work practices. Although the health program was maintained at the corporate level, the facility was in the process of developing a procedure for detecting trace quantities of enzymes in the ambient air. Preplacement and selected periodic medical evaluations wtri performed. Personal protective equipment was used when potential... hazardous operations were performed. 102: 154126g Control technology assessment of hazardous waste disposal operations in chemicals manufacturing: walk- = through survey report of Olin Chemicals Group, Charleston. Tennessee. Crandall, M. S. (Natl. Inst. Occup. Saf. Healtr Cincinnati, OH USA). Report 1983, CT-103-20; Order Nr PB84-241637, 13 pp. (Eng). Avail. NTIS. From Gov. Re; Announce. Index (U. S.) 1984, 84(25), 47. A walk through survey Was conducted to assess control technol. for hazardous wastr-disposal operations. Hazardous wastes generated at the facii::;. included brine sludge, thick Hg butter, and ('a(ClO)z. An estd, Kr.tons of waste were disposed of annually The Hg waste underwent a retorting process that recycled the Hg. The final detoxified waste, t_well as the brine sludge and Ca(ClO):, was landfilled. No contrUbeyond those normally used at such sites were found at the landfiL: Periodic monitoring of Hg vapor concns. was conducted by the company. Medical monitoring of urine for Hg exposure w--. conducted. Specific limits set for urinary Hg concns. Wnen the;limits were exceeded the workers were removed from exposure Personal protective equipment consisted of hard hats, safety glass--, and respirators specially designed for Hg exposure. The hazard ASI 00004771