Document DvqQejMGakrm9694qdmyxqR6Q

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1981 DOC IHF111 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Industrial Hygiene Digest - 1981 Issues - Covers TOCS & Abstracts January 1981 Volume 45 No. 1 _ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS a ENVIRONMENTAL a OCCUPATIONAL oc HEALTH ANDNEWS Sn SAFETYNEWS INDUSTRIAL FOUNDATION HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE - INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 _ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 81x 121/81 News Items . 1. 6 ee ewe ee te eh Coming Events ' 6 6 8 ee Legal Developments '. 6 6 Books and Pamphlets + 1 6 Industrial Medicine . 6. ee eee ee 6 6 ee ee ee 4 6 ee ee we eh 5 6 6 ee et ee eee Skin Diseases and Burns .- - . + we ee ee Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts . . and 6 ee ee Inhalants ee . . ee 1. 1. ee 6 1 se Physical Hazards 1. 6 Radiation 6.1 ee ee 6 ee ve ee ew ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems . 2. 2. 5 6 1 8 ee eee Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering " . - Occupational Health Management . Safety Accident Prevention '. 6 Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . 6 1 + ee ee '. - - ee eee 1 +s Index . 6 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee we ee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . - 2. es - January 1981 Volume 45 No.1 5 DS meh 9 13 13 22 22 24 25 26 26 27 2929 31 FEATURES An Occupational and Exposure Linkage System for the Study of Occupational Carcinogenesis Evaluation of Epidemiologic Studies in Assessing the Long Effects of Occupational Noxious Agents A Retrospective Cohort Study of Mortality Among Stainless Steel Welders Assessment of Exposed to or Mercury Renal Function of Workers Inorganic Lead Cadmium Vapor A Cohort Study on Workers Exposed to Trichloroethylene Study of Some Hepatic Effects Induction and Toxicity Caused by Occupational Exposure to Styrene in the Polyester Industry Asbestos Disease in Finland Fibrogenic Potential of Substitutes for Saud Blasting Operations Slags Used as in Abrasive Abst No. 25/81 No Abst 31/81 33/81 Abst Abst 42/81 55/81 Abst Abst 57/81 69/81 Absl No. 80/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest |. intereat and major importance in contribution of the life sciences to the future successful implementation of various fossil energy processes The authors of the invited papers present current work and recent experimental findings related to the existing understanding of potential impacts and their reduction The scientist the engineer and the decision maker will find this new data and information of direct benefit as program implementation continues and the summary and discussion included those areas of with each session will suggest continued uncertainty --Foreword 81x Toxicological Appraisal of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds Following Groundwater Pollu- tion from Ave. World Health Organization Available WHO Publications Centre USA 49 Sheridan Albany New York 12210. 58 p 1980 Price Sw fr .-- During the summer Vicenza Province of 1977 well water in part of Italy was found to be cons taminated with certain halogenated aromatic compounds The cause was subsequently shown to be percolation of process residues from an effluent lagoon This incident provided the immediate stimulus for convening a meeting in Venice in September 1979 of which this publication is the report While the pollutants in this instance included a variety of halogen- ated chloro- and nitrotoluenes the episode aroused interest in the possible adverse effects on health of a wider range of single halogenated aromatic compounds The purpose of the meeting was thus to review available data on the chemistry environmental occurrence and toxicology of such chemicals to evaluate the pos- sible health hazards associated with human to them in the environment and to exposure recommend appropriate guidelines for health As it was not considered advisable protection to study only the broad categories of substances a number of important representative chemicals within each group were selected for derailed review The report begins with a review of the available information on the major uses envi- ronmental occurrence and toxicological and physicochemical properties of halogenated tolu- benzenes and anilines and chlorophenols e Banseesd on these data an assessment is made of the danger to health of the presence in the environment of these chemicals The practical of pollution monitoring and control are aspects account the fact then discussed taking into that some chemicals are easily detected at very low concentrations whereas others which may occur at much higher concentrations are more difficult to detect The Working Group makes a number of conclusions and recommendations some to the pollution incident in Italy and specific Arnexes to the others of a general nature a short account of the incident in report give Vicenza Province and a model for investigating incidents of groundwater pollution --Publisher's release 81x NIOSH Certified Equipment List National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Available from Publications Dissemination NIOSH Robert A. Taft Laboratorics 4676 Colum- bia Parkway Cincinnati Ohio 45226 DAHS NTOSH 1980 Include Publication No. 80-144 139 p Single copies available at no charge a addressed label with your request The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under authorization of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 a testing approval and certification provides commercial availability of safe program assuring assuring and reliable indus- personal protective devices trial hazard measuring instruments NIOSH develops improved performance regulations tests and certifies or approves devices and purchases approved and certified products on the open market to verify the quality of manufacture This publication a lists products certified as of May 1980 b contains tables of useful information concerning certified coal mine dust personal sampier units sound level meter sets detector tube units respirators c updates the lists of approval applicants and d pro- vides a list of test procedures for certifica- tion of the above products --Abstract INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 81x Occupational Cancer and H. Vainio al eds J. Carcinogenesis Toxicol Environ Health 6 921-1335 Sept./Nov 1980 The entire issue an International is devoted to papers given at Course on Occupational Cancer It will also be issued as a separate book After an Introduction by the Editors the Histori- cal Perspectives of Occupational Cancer are discussed by P. Bogovski The following papers are included PART ONE Current Aspects of of Environmental and Cancer Importance Occupational Factors in Cancer J. Higginson Style in Occupational Cancer A. M. Adelstein Dietary Components and Cancer E. Hiet- anen Radiation Carcinogenesis J. Rantanen Somatic Mutation Theory M. Sorsa Heredity of Cancer J. Rapola PART TWO Carcinogenesis at the Molecular Metabolic Activation and Inactivation of Chemical Carcinogens 0. Pelkonen & K. Vahakangas Alkylation of DNA and Carcinogenicity of Nitroso Compounds R. Montesano et al Binding of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocrabons to DNA Camparison With Mutagenesis and Tumorigenesis O. Pelkonen et al Asbestos and Metals as Carcinogens I. Norseth PART THREE Detection of Chemical Identification and Definition of Carcinogens Chemical Carcinogens Review of Criteria and Research Needs U. Saffiotti DNA Replication Kepair and Repair Tests B. Lambert Term Mutagenicity Tests C. Ramel and ShortU. Rannug Industrial Hygiene Digest Co i em * Methods in the Detection of Chemical Cytogenetic Carcinogens M. Sorsa New Concepts of Design and Utility of Scale Carcinogenicity Carcinogenicity L. fishbein PART FOUR Upidemiologic Studies Detection Toxicity of Approaches in Carcinogen Chloride as Seen Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl J. K. Kap- Through Epidemiologic Observationisn the Evalu- oner et al Cancer Registries Trans- ation of Occupational Cancer 1 Teppo Childhood placental Carcinogens anadndMAubtoargteinosns as Risk Cancer Malformations Indicators K. Hemminki al Aspects of Confounding and Effect Modification in the of Occupational Cancer Risk 0 AAsxseelsssomnent PART FIVE Risk Branches in Indus- Potential Carcinogenic and Mutagenic L. Industrial Chemicals I. Alkylating Agents Fishbein Chemical Hazards in the Plastics H. Vainio et al Polycyclic Aro- Industry in Foundries R. Schimberg matic Hydrocarbons of Lung Cancer in Found- et al Epidemiology of Chem- ries S. Tola Toxicological Aspects ical Hazards in the Rubber Industry B. Holmberg Rubber Work- Cancer Risk Among & B. Sjostrom Cancer Hazards ers M. Hakama & I. Kilpikari Caused by Nickel and Chromium Exposure T. Norseth Arsenic Compounds and Cancer D. Axeison Sister Chromatid Exchange and Chiro- of Laboratory mosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes Personnel B. Lambert & A. Lindblad Chlori and Cancer Epidemiologic nated Hydrocarbons Cancer of the O. Axelson Occupational Aspects Asbestos and Cancer Urinary Bladder S. Tola in Finland M. S. Huuskonen Cancer Incidente Trades A. Eng- Among Painters and Some AAslsleisedsment Overview of lund PART STX Risk Risk Assessment L. Some Aspects of Quantitative R. f Fishbein The Morals of Risk Assessment Worker Involvement in Risk Assess- Yodaiken The Problem of Extrapolating ment B. tolmberg Observed Carcinogenic Effects to IstimatesIstimates From U. Salfiotti of Risk for Exposed Populations from Anima Panel Discussion Extrapolation to Humans P. Bogovski vt al Experiments -JFB 25/81 An Occupation Occupation and Exposure Linkage for the Study of Occupational System S. K.Hoar et al J. CarcinogenesisCarcinogenesis 722-726 Nov. 1980 Occup Med 22 23 refs of the adverse effects of occupational Studies are most informative when jobs can be chemical or exposures classified according to the specific involved However information physical agents this is not sufficiently detailed to permit often available In such instances a study classified usually will be based on subjects according to industry or task effectively to which exposure ignoring the specific agents tends to Such crude classification occurred between speciilt reduce or obscure associations and disease In response to this exposures have developed an occu- problem the authors with par- pation and exposure linkage system Occu- ticular reference to carciniongdeunsetsriys and by task pations were classified by , within the industry Lists of suspect carcino ere vere developed and each suspect carcinoget wis wis linked to industries and tasks in which it has been used These links make it possible to category all study place in the same exposure subjects whose employment history suggests contact with a particular agent Epidemiologic be based on chemical and analysis then can or rather than on industries physical exposures enhances the value of tasks The linkage system information on occupation obtained from death certificates cancer registries medical records and questionnaires --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 81x Epidemiologic Perspective of Maclure Reviews and 2 B. MacMalion 19-48 1980 Epidemiologic 281 refs of this review is to describe the The pun post of environmental epidemiotloodgaiyc pItersbpeegcitnisveby offering a brief cancer review of present knowledge of causal relation- drawing attention to unanswered ships in mariSince the objective is not to review qcurietsitciaolnlsy the entire body of literature but father to produce a global view of the subject reference is made to recent reviews requent without duplicating their bibliographies that are genetic to Problems in quantitation relationships are dis- many exposure cussed --Condensed from text ry Bronchial Provocation Tests 27/81 Aspecific C. Moscato et al in Occupational Medicene 1980 5 G. Ital Med Lavoro 2 21-26 rris Italian reports on the use and the meaning of Literature tests on Occupa- specific brunchial provocation tional Medicine are reviewed Although to date limited utilization does not permit a definitive evaluation on their value in prevon- tion diagnosis and treatment of respiratory the authors suggest some occupational diseases s^>luations in which aspecific bronchial provoca- tion tests might be useful --Author's abstract 28/81 Total K. P. Determination of Roentgenologic R. D. Miller and Lung Capacity Offord Mayo Clin Pro 55 694- 699 Nov. 1980 14 refs Geometric analysis of the chest roentgenogram JE allows calculation of estimated gas volume are made or individual patients roentgenograms studies in which relatively or in cpidemiologic meters or body plethysmo expensive nitrogen the thoracic roentgeno- graphs are not available This economical alternative provides an methods of gram two roentgenographic study compares in 134 subjects estimating total lung capacity 10 Industrial Hygiene Digest metabolic activation system The addition of glucurocidase did not enhance the mutagenic effect The facts that cok ' plant workers are xposed to very high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH and that there is no observed enhanced mutagenicity of their urine indicate that the mutagenicity observed with urine from smokers is not due to conventional PAH --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 68/81 New Approaches to the Establishment of Standards for Harmful Substances in the Air of Work Areas I. V. Sanotsky nova Gig Trud Prof. Zabol and I. P. 8 5-8 Ula1980 Russian + The present status of sanitary standardization of toxic substances in the air of work areas is reviewed Experimental studies have made it possible to proaches to ef MAC the formulate fundamentally novel apthe setting of two different kinds average MAC for our shift and the highest occasion MAC for those sub- stances showing very murked cumulative prop- . crties is still The principle of maximum valid for certain groups concentration concentration of chemical compounds irritant substances substances having strictly directional actions etc. --Authors abstract in English INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS , Disease 69/81 Asbestos uskonen et al inFinland 1. Occup Med 22 M. S. 751-754,. Nov. 1980. 35 refs * Finland was the world's main producer of antho- phyllite asbestos between 1918 and 1975 The total amount of mined anthophyllite asbestos wag 350,000 tons of which 230,000 Aathophyllite quarry workers least five years between 1936 Lons were exported who had worked at and 1972 showed the highest risk of asbestosis in comparison with other groups of asbestos workers --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 70/81 Amosite as and Mesothelioma in J. Soc Occup Med a Cause of Lung Cancer Humans 5. F. McCullagh 30 153-156 Oct. 1980 17 refs The Advisory Committee on Asbestos has lately recommended that the hygiene standard or con- trol limit for amosite should be 0.5 fibres half the evidence limit recommended for chrysotile The that would justify different limits for these twe types of asbestos and particularly the evidence upon which the Committee appears most heavily to have relied is reviewed It is concluded that this evidence dois not suffice to justify different limits for these two different types of asbestos --Author abstract reprinted by permission 71/81 Mesothelioma Risks C. Sheers and R. M. Coles in a Naval Dockyard Arch Environ Health 35 276-282 Oct. 1980. 11 refs There have been 108 deaths from mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum in Plymouth and the immediate neighborhood as of 1978 Ninety-six deaths have been associated with work at the Devonport Dockyard 53 of which represented men employed at the dockyard in 1966 Occupational mescthelioma rates were similar to those recorded in london asbestos textile workers Above aver age rates in this study hoilermakers painters were observed in laggots wilders and burne and shipwrights In addition to mecthelioma in other.men with neighborhood exposure at work cases have occurred in men whose only exposure has been to the environment within the walls of the dockyard outside ships and workshops where asbestos has been handled No case has been seen in indoor office workers There is no evidence of any increase in risk to the population of Plymouth outside the dockyard --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 72/81 ADiagnostic Standard for Fleural Thickening Dee toAsbestos Exposure I. Phihara and Y. Yamada J. Sci Labour 56 529-540 Sept. 1980. 19 refs Japanese A study was made in order to set up a reasonable diagnostic Standard foi pleural changes For this putpost 502 chest radiographs of people in area where many asbestos workers live and X- ray films of people in area as investigated These ray films control veri had been taken for the purpose of health checks of old persons Radiological pleural changes chest near the VIIIth rib on in the Jaterial A ray films should be the most important findings of asbestos exposure However increased amount of extra- pleural fat or other soft tissues also might show similar shadows at the similar locality Accord- ingly differentiation between such radiological changes at the site being of asbestos origin or shadows of other soft tissues was the most important point in setting up a diagnostic stan- dard for pleural thickening due to asbestos exposure Empirically it is known that adopting only the radiological pleural changes more than 3 iam in width is suitable for minimizing the false positive or false negative These results gest that the diagnostic standard based on sugwidth more than 3 mm radiological density density distribution and shape of radiological pleural change is reasonable and acceptable --Condensed from abstract in English 19 Industrial Hygiene Digest January 1981 _ . Effects of Sampling Practice on 73/81 The of Airborne Asbestos * the Measured Concentration 259-272 S. T. Beckett Ann Occup Hyg 23 1980. 15 refs ' The effect of variations in samplianmgosiptreactaincde the measurement of airborne upon fibre concentrations by the chrysotile asbestmoesthod has been investigated membrane filter dust chamber and in a laboratory experimentally in industrial situations The to a lesser extent rate and tested were sampling flow of parameters size and electrostatic charge volume the pore of inclination of the the filter and the angle of filter an in- sampling head For all types in a rela- in the sampled volume resulted crease of the measured concentration tive lowering to an analytical effect This was found to be due of the in sampling efficiency and not tTo hechacnoglelsection of fibres without a filter flow accounted for 10 of a sample taken therefore only sampling at 200 ml min This effect is at very low flow rate relatively importanstize membrane filters when Large 8 mpore a fibre amosite at 21. min produced sampling 15 lower than equivalent count approximately sized filters al- measurements on 0.8 um pore fibre penetration . though there was no significant this type of filter Approxi- fibres completely through and chrysotile 20 of both amphibole mately 8 um pore size Nucle- however passed through an The electro- filter at this sampling rate of in- pore filter and the angle static charge on the head did not appear clination of the sampling affect the measurements measurements to significantly --Author's abstract reprinted by permission Contaminants Encountered by FireInd Hyg 74/81 Air R. D. Treitman et al Am fighters 796-802 Nov. 1980 17 refs Assn J. 41 , : of eight air contaminants The concentrations and chronic health suspected of causing acute were measured in over for firefighters problems of Boston using a personal 200 fires in the City of both Threatening concentrations air sampler acrolein were found in a carbon monoxide and Less hazardous of the fires small proportion chloride hydrogen cyanide Levels of hydrogenand carbon dioxide were also nitrogen dioxide found in most fires but at noted Benzene was those expected to cause concentrations well below data have appli- The air sampling acute injury of smoke inhalation victims cation in treatment and selec- of firefighting strategies development protection devices tion of respira-t-oAruythors abstract reprinted by permission 81 On the Pathogenesis of 1. Belobragina Role of Autosensitization inthe E. V. Petrova and G. SiGliigcoTsriusd Prof. Zabol 8 33- 35 1980. 10 refs Russian dust particles for 9 Rats exposed to fine quartz and it was onths developed autosensitization the initial state of aucnsen- shown that neither of the body affect gitization nor the reactivitoyf various forms of the subsequent development to belleve However there are reasons silicosis of autosensitization is pthaarttictuhelarplhyenommaernkoend in animals with a predomi- of silicosis nantly nodular type --Authors abstract in English . of Antisilicotic Action 76/81 On the Mechanism Acid K. I. Morozova Gig Trud of Glutamic 36-38 1980 7 refs Prof. Zabol 8 _ Russian of peritoneal macrophages with Preincubation and in vivo was found acid both in vitro glutamic to the injurious their resistance of to enhance dust One possible mechanism action of quartz action of glutamic acid may be nucleo- the anticytotoxic of adenyl of the biosynthesis stimulation in the ATP ADP ratio tides with an increase --Authors abstract in English . 81x A Survey of OccupationIa.l W.ExpH.osuHreeadtoand . Made Mineral Fibre Dust 235-258 R. M. Wagg Ann Occup Hyg 23 1980. 14 refs . to fibrous dust has been Occupational exposure and use of a wide studied during the manufacatndurethe results of range of made fibres Fibrous dust sampling are presented atmospheric in the survey included materials encounteredGlass Fibre Insulation Wools Continuous Filament Fibres Fibre and Mineral Wool Refractory Glass Parallel sampling tech- and Glass Fibres dust levels used to obtain airborne niques were concentration of of both the gravimetric in terms dust and the concentration and + total particulate fraction ag size distribution of the fibrous determined by optical microscopy --Authors abstract reprinted by permission Medical Aspects of Silicosis Prevention 7i8n/8C1oal Mining HUNOSA andMeidts SSteatigstical dStateistilcal StaTtisrticaal bajo A. H. Lopez 2E7 volu2t9i-o3n1 Oct./Dec Oct./Dec 1979 Spanish ~ : on silicosis in coal Changes in the statistics at HUNOSA are analysed mining --Author's abstract in English . 79/81 - Occupational Lung Disease in Agate Work- Industrial Tox Bull S. H. Clerk et al ers 3 1-2 Aug. 1979 Research Centre ITRC The Industrial Toxicology of 342 workers Lucknow India conducted a suravnedy drilling of engaged in grinding chipping as controls stone along with 149 subjects agate of the survey were 1 to assess The objectives workers of lung diseases in agate the prevalence if any of the and ii to explore correlation of occupational diseases with age sex duration > j 20 Industrial Hygiene Digest __ January 1981 Hygiene Product Data : 112 Industrial News Nati Safety News 122 National Safety 100-120 Oct. 1980 of commercially available An alphabetical listing and and devices with the manufacturers products distributors --JFB 113/81 Labor Unions and Accident Prevention E. Aberton Prof. Champion or Adversary J. Safety 25 19-20 Nov. 1980 work with industry to Many labor groups genuinely * Their efforts accidents and injuries prevent in the human element as are equally intensive elements the machine and environment well as all labor joins as a champion of safety the area But until no matter where and accident prevention accidents of correction is warranted preventablesuffering and injuries with the resulting paitno occur and financial losses will continue solicit and actively Labor unions should promote If an and health of their members the safety fulfilling obliga- industry or employer unisionnoetfforts most certainly . tions to emdiprleocyteeeds to seeing that these obligaefforts should be To undermine honest tions are satisfied careless employ- to correct unsafe or by employers or disregard of rules ees whose own negligednicreectly led to an accident and regulations has to labor unions in opposition or injury puts a disservice to the these efforts and is really members they represent --Condensed from text ANALYTICAL METHODS MISCELLANEOUS in Direct Coal 114/81 Organic Contaminants R. Assessment Liquefaction Preliminary Assn J. 41 851- Tanita et al Am Ind Hyg 853 Nov. 1980 9 refs taken at two coal liquefaction Ares samples chromato- were analyzed by either gas facilities to chromatography mass spectrometry graphy or gas of organic contaminants to identify the types Results indicate which workers may be exposed of one that the contaminants consisted primarily com- or two ring molecular weight aromatic pounds --Authors abstract reprinted . by permission 115/81 The Determination of Arsine in Fluorescence Spectrometry by ray Occup Hyg Air Keech and N. G. West Ann 273-282 1980 14 refs Workplace D. J. : 23 is a highly toxic gas which may he Arsine AsH3 certain industrial volved accidentally during The battery manufacture . pres- rocesses e.g. for the determination of colorimetric method from a ent sine in industrial industrial atmosphere suffers parts of limitations which make it unsuitable number A new method for monitoring personal exposures is trapped on has been developed in which the gas then silver nitrate impregnated filter paper a for arsenic by ray fluorescence This analysed used for the routine monitoring of method may be tenth of to arsine down to workers exposure on a 15 1 the TLV TLY = 0.05 sample --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 116/81 Quantitative ray Diffraction Analysis Dust in the Industrial for Airborne Asbestos Absorption Environment 1. Application of ray Method N. Kohyama Ind Health 18 Correction 69-87 1980 19 refs analysis of standard asbestos The quantitative dust in indus- chrysotile for airborne asbestos dif- trial environments was performed by ray combined with an ray ah- fraction techpique method Through this inves- sorption correction asbestos it was revealed that airborne tigation of5 to 50 pg per cm mounted on a chrysomteimlberane filter could be quantitatively silver with high accuracy when an airborne dust w in measured contained 1 to 10 of chrysetile sample this correction method When an aaciyrbmoartnreixdubsyt sample was composed of pure or chrysotile the quantitative quantitative analysis nearly pure to 5 mg per cm On the basis could be done up that the ray of these results it was concluded correction method is quite useful for absorption of airborne asbestos dust in indus- the determination and without knowledge of trial environments of matrix existing in an kind and the percentage the true weight of chryso- airborne dust sample of 3 to 50 kg tile could be obtained in the range cm By considering that quantitative Tange per condition especially sampling air sampling was evaluated As the diffraction inten- volume is fairly sensitive to phys- sity of chrysotile 2 ical and chemical conditions of preparation a standard sample is also proposal for making cited --Author's abstract reprinted by permission s in 117/81 Volatile Environmental Pollutants Biological Matrices with 8 leadspace Purge L. C. Michael et al Anal Chem Technique Oct. 1980 29 refs 52 1836-1841 and dynamic headspace analysis were Gas stripping volatile haln- evaluated an methods for purging from human biological samples genated organics tissue In urine blood milk and adipose k volatile compounds are purged gas stripping through a liquid sample at bubbling an incit gas mate- The purged organic elevated temperature Tenan rials are trapped or the polymetric sorbent GC for subsequent gas chromatographic analysis analysis the gas passos In dynamic headspace This rati.ur than through the solution over 1" particularly applicable to samples Vali- , procedure such as biological samples which foam February 1981 - Volume 45 No. 2 ENVIRONMENTAL - AND O| CCUPATIONAL Ot HEALTH AND + SAFETY NEWS - INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE .. PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. February 1981 Vol4u5m Noe . 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 81x 222/81 News Items .. . . eo. 1 Coming Events 2. 2. 1 6 Legal Developments - . . Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine . . . 4 ew ee ee ee ee ee 2. 6... e - . e+ + we we 1. 6 ee ew we os 8 eo 6 ee ee + ee Skin Diseases and Burns ...-. .. . oo . Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts Physical Hazards .. and . 6. 2... 2... Inhalants .. .. 1. ee ew ee ee eae Radiation . 2. 6 ee eee we ee Environmental Problems . - - 1... a Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering Engineering Safety Accident Prevention . ... Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . ; Index 6 6 ew we we we ee eee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . , oes on + 2 os 22 22 232323 24 25 2727 2929 TEATURES Deposition Retention and Clearance of Inhaled Particles A Method for Monitoring the Fertility of Workers 1. Method and Pilot Studies Mortality of Welders Shipfitters and Other Metal Trade Workers in Boilermakers Local No. 104 AFL Environmental Chromium Dust and Lung Cancer Mortality s Placental and Stillbirth Tissue 4 Lead Concentrations in Occupationally Exposed Women Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride Exposure and Occupational Lung Disease Abst Abst Absl No. 156/81 Abst. 164/81 Abst 166/81 175/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest February 1981 this notice must be submitted on or before July 30 1981 Summary reprinted 81x WHO Croup Recommends New Standards for . Cadium Lead Manganese Mercury Occup Health & Safety Letter 11 4-5 January 8 1981 A World Health Organization study group concerned with occupational exposure to heavy metals has recommended new standards on cadmium Icad man- ganese and mercury They are Cadmium A short- term exposure level for cadmium oxide fumes and respirable dust of 250 micrograms mprovided the weighted average is respected For longterm exposure the weighted average concen- tration should be below 20 micrograms and in the present state of knowledge a tentative value of 10 micrograms mis recommended For biological limits a value of 10 micrograms Cd of whole . blood is proposed as the individual critical level if the exposure is regular and long term The individual Cd concentration should not be allowed to reach since above this 10 micrograms concentration Cd creatinine there is some risk of renal dysfunction Inorganic Lead A health- based biological exposure limit for Ph of 400 micrograms is recommended for males and for females over the reproductive age This limit is based on the adverse effects of Pb level of females in the reproductive age range should be kept as low as possible and to protect the fetus should not exceed 300 micrograms In practice+ it said this recommendation may imply restrictions for women of bearing age to work in areas where exposure may cause Pb levels to exceed the 300 microgram limit Manganesc ^fin the basis of studies and observations in ferro- manganese plants where workers are exposed to dusts and fumes containing mainly manganese dioxide in particles small enough to reach the alveoli a value of 0.3 mg of respirable manganese particles per m of air weighted average can be recommended as the health limit of occupational exposure However the proposed value is tentative in view of the fact is a lack of precise information about that there exposure- effect and exposure relationships Inorganic Mercury For air 23 micrograms m.3 weighted average for urine 50 micrograms creatinine exposure individual levels for long term A range of 200-1000 micrograms recommended for short exposure but a value of 500 micrograms is recommended provided the weighted average is not exceeded Owing to the potential fetotoxicity of mercury the limits are not applicable to whose exposure should women of child be kept as low bearing age as possible Copies of the report Recommended Health Based Limits in Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals WHO Technical Report Series No. 647 1980 ISBN * 92 4 130647 0 can be obtained from W Public- ations Centre USA 49 Sheridan Avenue Albany NY 12210 --Condensed from text 133 ' Asbestos Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements Environmental Protection Agency Fed Reg 46 8200-8249 ~~ January 26 1981 Proposed Rule This rule proposed under the authority of section a of the Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA 15 U.S.C. 2607 a would require reporting to EPA by asbestos manufacturers importers and processors This proposal would require the reporting of quantities of asbestos used in various processes employee exposure and monitoring data and waste disposal and pollution control information Reported information will be considered by EPA in deciding whether and how to regulate asbestos under TSCA Any company that mines asbestos imports or processes asbestos fiber or any containing product should consider submitting comments Dates Written comments on this proposal should be submitted on or before March 27 1981. Following the written comment period there will be a 20 day period during which EPA personrel will be available to meet in Washington D.C. with interested persons --Summary reprinted COMING EVENTS May 1 National Electrical Code 70-78 Changes Workshop Best Western Thruway House Albany N.Y. Write Ms. Judy Bolton Div for Continuing Education National Fire Protection Association 470 Atlantic Avenue Boston Mass 08230 During May this course will be repeated in the following locations Ohio May & Columbus Ohio - Ohio Fire Academy May 12 Atlanta Ga - Century Center Hotel Kay - National Conference on High Blood Pressure Control The New York Hilton New York N.Y. Write Conference Headquarters Natl Conf on High Blood Pressure Control 2001 Wilson Blvd. Suite 600 Arlington Ve 22209 May 4 - 5 Basic Radiation Hazard Control Meets licensing requirements Holiday Inn Arlington Va Write International Institute Safety & Health 9413 Jones Place Seabrook Md 20801 - + May 4 Lab S 8th International Symposium on Flammability & Fire Retardants Queen Elizabeth Hotel Montreal Quebec Write V.M. Bhatnagar Alena Enterprises of Canada P.O. 50x 1773 Cornwall Ontario Canada X6H V7 May 4 - 8 Occupational Respiratory Protection NIOSH 593 Kansas City Mo. Write Ruth K. McIntyre Director Continuing Education Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety 040 Jackson Street Ct Paul Minn 65202 Industrial Hygiene Digest cr oe No adverse effects were apparent at 10 or 100 ppm In the generation reproduction study no , adverse effects were apparent on fertility viability lactation number of still- gbeosrtnatainodn mean number of pups born and weaned per litter Adverse effects occurred only on the 640- diet and these consisted of lower weaning ppm weights of offspring and depressed body weight gains of parent rats --Authors abstract reprinted by permission INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 184/81 Asbestos in a Barcelona Fibrocement Factory F. Segarra et al Environ Reg 23 292-300 Dec. 1980 9 refs an epidemiological study of the incidence and of asbestosis was carried out in linical aspects a fibrocement factory located near Barcelona This is the first study of this nature in Spain Out of 840 workers 729 were examined using the DLCOSE following procedures Medical questionnaire biotype weight and height physical examination chest radiography PA and obliques PFT static volumes FEV FEV1 volume curves Raw lung and laboratory procedures CBC Staw serum proteins ANF RF asbestos bodies in Asbestosis was found in 214 workers sputa of the approx 30 At the lnitial stages involvement appears in the radio- disease pleural than logical diagnosis earlier and more frequently 26 and 13 respectively There is d paerefni chnymead l linear relationship between asbestosis Incidence and years of exposure from 0 in the with less than 5 years of exposure near % group with 5-9 years and up to 69 for in the group chose with 30 or more years of exposure Pulmon- are the most significant physical ary crepitations finding observed in third of the subjects and the pulmonary function The clinical symptoms involvement tests suggest beyond doubt a bronchial in asbestosis -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 185/81 Primary Pericardial E.I. Kahn et al Environ Dec. 1980. 26 refs Mesothelioma Res 23 270-281 , An increased incidence of malignancies after asbestos has been well established exposure to carcinoma of Mesothelioma of pleura peritoneum tract and possibly of the long gastrointestinal as well as cases with Ovary have been described multiple primary tumoTS On the ather hand an assoc^>arica of asbestos exposure with primary mesothelioma has not been reported pericardial which such This paper describes the first case in a relationship existed --Condensed from Introduction 186/87 Characterizing and Discriminating the Shape of Asbestos Particles H.G. Siegrist Jr. and A.G. Wylie Environ Res 23 348-361 Dec. 1980. 8 refs The lengths and widths particles from each of nonfibrous amphiboles of approximately 1000 four asbestos samples and one serpentine sample were measured utilizing the SEM The available and asbestos samples are commercially include chrysotile from Quebec clirysotile from : California amosite from South Africa and crocidolite from South Africa The tremolite and serpentine are from New York and the riebeckite is from California Beneficiation including milling of amcsite crocidolite and tremolite and air classifications of the two chrysotile samples was done under commercial conditions the riebeckite was milled in the Laboratory For comparison the same measurements were made on the California chrysolile using TCM Shape characterizations of the samples are compared using regression techniques The usefulness of the various shape definitions including length width and aspect ratio length in characterizing and discriminating between samples is explored and evaluated Significant results distribution of log length include I Frequency log width and log aspect ratio show very apparent differences between asbestos and nonasbestos populations 11 Dimensional differences and accurate classification according to dimensions are enhanced by regressing log width and log aspect ratio against log length III Discriminant function analysis is able to quantify the distinction between asbestos and nonasbestos dimensions such that over 95 of the particle population assignments are correct IV Log width is a more efficient classifier than log aspect ratio using either linear regression of discrimin- ant function a~alysis for these particular samples V The choice of instrumentation i.e. TM vs SEM may affect the sample characterization VT Quantitative descriptions of the dimensions of . be related to the habit of the small particles may mineral and the structure of the mineral groups to which the particles belong However such mineral- ogical distinctions are probably not valid for particles whose longest dimension is less then about | uM --Authors abstract reprinted by permission , 18 of the Effects of Capacity 187/81 Investigation and on Asbestos Vacuum Cleaners W.L. Johnston W.J. Loflin Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 41 927-931 Dec. 1980. 11 refs Nine industrial vacuum cleaners designed for collection of determine how asbestos waste the performance were tested to was affected when the manufacturer's specified capacity was approval ed attained and exceeded This determination was assessed by measurement of the airborne ashestos fiber concentration in the vacuum cleaner discharge air and the change in vacuum cleaner i Industrial Hygiene Digest . February 1981 suction pressure Airborne fiber concentrations were found to be far below the present OSHA standard however the suction pressure of each vacuum cleaner dropped considerably as the capa- city was approached and exceeded All of the units tested except one were able to contain 25 more than their specified capacity without any internal problems filtering system failure or total loss of suction pressure --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 188/81 Scanning Electron Microscopy and ray Microanalysis of Mineral Deposits in Lungs of a Patient with Pleural Mesothelioma375- E.M. Ophus et al Brit J. Ind Med 37 375- 381 Nov. 1981. 22 refs Scanning electron microscopy of lung tissue ashed at low temperature and obtained from an insulation worker who had died of pleural mesothelioma showed the presence of numerous inorganic particles and fibres A regional variation in fibre concentration in different tissue samples was found and the size distribution of naked fibres and asbestos bodies was determined By energy dispersive ray microanalysis the fibres were identified mainly as amphibole asbestos This method also showed the presence of particles containing titanium and of fragments of diatom shells Despite a mean concentration of 33 ^ 10 fibres per gram of dry tissue no significant lung fibrosis was found --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 189/81 Role of Family Susceptibility Occupation- al and Groups Family in the Histories and Individuals Development Development of Silicosis Blood M.1 Noweir et al Brit J. Ind Med 37 399-404 Nov. 1980. 21 refs A previous investigation has shown that family susceptibility and occupational and family histories have a decisive role in the development of byssinosis among workers exposed to flax dust Results of investigation of silicosis in 814 male workers exposed to bearing dust showed that family susceptibility has an important role in the development of silicosis among examined workers and workers whose fathers had an occupational history of exposure to bearing dust were more resistant to the development of the disease than those with exposed fathers The degree of consanguinity of parents and individuals blood groups also have a role Workers with cousin parents were relatively highly susceptible to the development of silicosis as well as workers with blood groups 0 or AB It has been concluded that the investigated factors might have a role in the development of other occupational diseases and further investigations are indicated --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 190/81 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Secondary to Inhaling Methylene Chloride J. Fagan et al Brit Med J. 281 1461 Nov. 29 1980. 5 refs Carbon monoxide poisoning usually results from inhaling fumes from engine exhausts poorly ventilated heating devices or gas refrigerators With the advent of natural gas which is free of carbon monoxide the risk of accidental poisoning has decreased The authors report a case of severe carbon monoxide intoxication caused by inhaling methylene chloride from a commercial paint remover --Condensed from text 191/81 Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Red Blood Cells of Rats Changes in Components of Red Cell Membranes During in Vivo Expostu o r ?e. Res 23 397-409 K. Kaya et al Environ Dec. 1980. 25 refs Red cell membranes prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4 10 or 20 NO ) dioxide for 1 to 10 days evidence of changes in membrane ppm citrogenexamined were examined components for Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholestrol during exposure to 10 ppm NO By contrast protein content altered with the time of exposure Moreover changes ir protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Twenty exposure to NO at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphati- dylethanolamine LysoPE to the total phospholipics The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine PE showed a gradual decrease A day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and : hexose In addition to contents of these compon- ents the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid during 10 days of and carbohydrate composition exposure to 4.0 ppm NO --Authors abstract reprinted by permission . 192/81 On the T.R. total and respirable Dust Sampler Report 3 An Experimental Study on a Cotton Dust Sampler K. Kimura 56 687-691 Dec. 1980 Part 1 of J. Science Lab 2 parts 4 refs Japanese The author designed and tested a method of collecting samples and weighing airborne cotton dust sepurated into tun categories by particle size The principle and method of sampling with this sampler were described in the previous 19 March 1981 Volume 45 No. 3 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE _ ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE ; PITTSBURGH PA 15232' INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS March 1981 Vol4u5mNoe . 3 s This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 223 - 325/8 Items 6-2 eet eh et htt ee Cee ee ee Coming Events - - legal Developments es - - er err ser ttt + ee ee tt ee Books and Pamphlets - +--+ stron rr Industrial Medicine - + ee ee Skin Discases and Burns ' ss ee Chemical Hazards - - 6 ee er ee Industrial Justs and Inhalants - - ttt et tt ee htt se et ee tt a ao eet Physical Hazards eee sp re Radiation 2+ eet ete eet tt ET ee Environmental Problems . +s Industrial Hygicne Preventive Occupational Health Management + eos tot ft Engineering ' ee rr 6-6 strc tt et tt re ar rs tt ar Safety Accident Prevention +e eee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 2 ee rt ttt rer ttt Index ee ee . eee a Addresses of Journals Abstracted ' ee ee ee i . 4 . 6 . 7 . 9 . . 13 . 20 . 21 . 23 . 24 , 25 26 . 26 . 26 . 20 . 30 FEATURES Ergonomics Made to Measure Pitfalls of Spirometry Cost of Hypertension Control at the Workplace Health Hazard Alert Pentachlorophenol Environmental Pollution by Cadmium Mortality from Renal Diseases and Human Exposures to Xylene and Acute Effects on the Kinetics Central Nervous System Toxicology of Urea Formaldehyde and . Polyurethane Foam Insulation Cancer Mortality at a Naval Nuclear Shipyard bd ' . i i Abst Abst = i Abst Abst } i Abst 7 --- Abst . No. Abst Abst No. 249/81 252/81 254/81 264/81 265/81 280/81 284/21 308/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest the risk of silicosis is very high among workers in this industry Prevention of this disease will require a concerted effort of government enforcement agencies workers and management --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 296/81 Problems Deriving from Asbestos Fibres Wetting in Textile Industry G. Scansetti et al Med Lavoro 71 422-427 Sept 1980 15 refs Asbestos wetting with mineral to be effective in decreasing oil has been shown fibre concentration in the working environment of the textile industry technique In order to evaluate whether this is safe the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon determined PNA content of Seven PNAs were this oil was identified with HPLC the mately 50 whole ppm content of which was Since an interaction approxi- may occur between asbestos and PNAs in producing lung cancer mineral oils without PNAS should be used for this purpose --Authors summary 297/81 Deposition of Sized Glass the Respiratory Tract of the Rat et al Ann Occup Hyg 23 4 1980. 35 refs Fibres in A. Morgan 353-366 A study has been of inhaled glass made of the regional deposition fibres of discrete size in the respiratory tract tracer cechnique of the rat using a radioactive The samples used included four with nominal dia 1.5 m and lengths ranging from 5 to 60 dia 3 m and length m and one with nominal 10 m Deposition of the longer 1.5 m dia tract was quantitative fibres as was in the respiratory that of the 3 m dia fibre Alveolar deposition was much lower than for asbestiform minerals owing to the larger aerodynamic diameters of the samples of glass fibre It appears that in the rat fibres are only respirable when their median aerodynamic diameter is less than 6 m Additional information on the lobar distribution of tibres immediately following administration is provided --Authors abstract reprinted by permission in a 298/81 Respiratory MushrMo uso hrom om Worker W.M. Johnson and J.G. Kleyn J. Occup Med 23 49-51 Jan. 1981 28 refs A patient with by lung biopsy allergic alveolitis demonstrated is described in a mushroom worker in Washington State presenting with severe airways obstruction This is the first case of mushroom worker's lung reported in the United States outside the mushroom industry in Pennsyl- vanin The processes of commercial mushroom era March 1981 growing are discussed and the literature on mushroom worker's lung is reviewed --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 299/81 Clearance by the Rat of Inhaled Fly Ash from Fluidized Coal Combustion L.C. Griffis 117-124 et al Environ.Health / Jan. 1981. 14 refa Fly ash from a fluidized coal combuster activated and administered to male was Fischer 344 rats by a single nose inhalation The activated fly ash contained 465- exposure and smaller amounts of other emitting radionuclides Whole clearance of radio- activity to 127 d was described by an exponential equation with the term component baving a biological life of 78 High resolution gamma spectra of the lungs were obtained with a Ce detector and the relative activities of several fly ash constituents were activities of 152Eu 134 54pm compared and 60 Co The significantly those of Sc decreased and Fe with time relative to These results indicate that the clearance of fly ash is similar to that of other relatively insoluble particles and that some elements may have been preferentially dissolved from the fly ash particles in vivo --Authors abstract reprinted by permission PHYSICAL HAZARDS - 300/81 Elements of Effective Hearing Protection J.L. Northern Plant Eng 35 203-207 Jan. 22 1981 An effective hearing protection program requires medical surveillance personal protective equipment administrative controls and engineering controls to provide a effective means for profecting against excessive occupational noise This comprehensive approach is compatible with term goals and includes immediate practical solutions --Condensed from text 301/81 An Earplug Inscition and Seating Device D. Ohjin et al Sound and Vibration 15 27- 25 Jan. 1981. 10 refs Recent studies have shown that insert hearing protectors may provide significantly less noise attenuation as they are used in the workplace than that measured in the laboratory Many factors that include proper fitting and insertion practices and the overall education and motivation provided by the employer are directly related to the success of a hearing conservation program Under ideal conditiens 21 Industrial Hygiene Digest _ March 1981 , ee dustiness in the various workplaces were conwere compared sidered Some of these parameters with those obtained in previous investigation several years before so as to assess the effect at the end of the first of improvements suggested study Authors abstract in English Air in After 320/81 Dichloromethane Dichlormethane Dichloromethane Levels of Removers in Air R. Otson Application Paint 42 et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 56-60 Jan. 1981. 4 refs The NTOSH charcoal tobe method and a glass bulb method were used to determine gdriacbhlosarmopmleitnhgane levels in the air of a room used six paint removers Dichloromethane Dichloromethane for tesling of five brush- and methanol were major components and an aerosol spray remover on paint removers as toluene and propace coutained dichloromethane consituents The grab sampling method mwahjiocrh showed sampling efficiency of 95 precision than % and a detection limit of of better determining time profiles 0.01 mwas useful in in air Since home for dichloromethane levels standards have not been established environment and TWA 1 and 8 hr values grab sampling results with obtained by the NIOSH method were compared limits recommended by the occupational exposure NIOSK and ACGIH In a room with poor ventilation recommended occupational health limits can the vasily be exceeded even with use of small quantities of paint remover --Authors abstract reprinted by permission OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT + 321/81 Rating Job Hazards 56 23-26 Fall Anon J. Am Insur compensation circuits in an electronics Inspecting integrated in one of the safest jobs plant is peRrihvaeptsing girders girders on the 40th floor of a industry Workers is one of the most dangerous skyscraper and construction in both industries - electronics of workers are covered by a nationwide system benefits for injuries compensation which provides of the industry sustained on the job regardless do insurers khow the hazards involved But how or the scale of risk each type of industry where on the right belongs belongs belongs so they can charge employers the expected claims If there premiums to cover confusion and ware no uniformity to the process would result To help solve this unfairness the property and casualty insurance problem set up a unique rating system industry long ago that enables them to for workers compensation risks involved in and insure the injury measure in the United States virumily every occupation has such a refined and a No other line of insurance of measuring insurance risk dissiplined dissiplined way has a unique blend of because because workers compensation legal requirements social Live demands --Condensed objectives from text and competi SAFETY ACCIDENT PREVENTION 322/81 First Aid J. Manuel Occup Answering the Call at Health 32 573-575 Work . Nov 1950 on first aid at work The consultative document Health and Safety Executive U.K. proposes in first aid courses and recommends more changes first aiders in the training for occupational hazards of their industry The author Central Electricity Generating Board's Midland region officer describes a programme of training nursing needs of small introduced 10 years ago to meet the in an around industry working groups , Introduction reprinted by permission ANALYTICAL METHODS MISCELLANEOUS 323/81 On of theDeterminatiDetoerminnation Crystalline Silica in the Presence of Amorphous Silica E. Bye et al Ann Occup Hyg 23 4 329-334 1980. 4 refs diffraction The intrared spectroscopic and ray diffraction silica are compared It is techniques of analysing Manual that amorphous shown contrary to the NTOSH silica interferes in the infrared analyses of silica Accordingly it is necessary crystalline of the two by means of ray to analyse mixtures in order to obtain crystalline silica contents --authors abstract reprinted by permission 324/81 A Routine for the Control of the on Performance of Microscopists Evaluating Airborne Asbestos Fibre amMpiclreosscoMpeymbraJn.Re. Goves Filters by Phase CAonnntraOsctcup Hyg 23 4 381- and R. Clayton 40L 1980. 9 refs of slide circulations circulations within a labora- By the use of sufficient density to keep tory with slides the Poisson error low and instruction as of a team of required the relative performance such filter counters has been controlled such membrane that 88 of results obtained for performance were within 30 of the labora- checking purposes over the period November 1977 - March tory mean 1980. Analysis of the results obtained indicates that the inherent standard deviation of the results from a counter is typically 16 The slides circulated were prepared by the acetonetriacetia mounting method There is no conclusive evidence that during the peri^ from the data presented mentioned the slides have deteriorated --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 26 April 1981 Volume 45 No. 4 ~~ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE _ * LITERATURE | : ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND > OCCUPATIONAL. _. HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS HEALTH FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL 5231 CENTRE AVENUE INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 | INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. April 1981 Volume 45 No. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 326/81 -- 446/81 4 News Items er Coming Events - - ee ett tt tt Legal Developments Books and Pamphlets - - ' 2 + sr ry ee sort et re tt et tt Industrial Medicine eee rh . 6 se ts Skin Diseases and Burns tte 6 6 + es ror Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts and 6 er ee Inhalants ert + - ee + se o8 + Physical Hazards - 6 ee et rh ts Radiation + 6 ee et tet et ttt Environmental Problems 6 ee hor Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . + Safety Accident Prevention . . se ror or or Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ' - + + ss Index 6 ce ee ee ee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted '. 6 8 6 es see . . eee wee oo ee er i ee ee . se foes oe eee see o. eo see ee oo re) toe ee oe ee ae ee eos ee tee er ars . - ee aoe . re . a 7 4 ee e oe For fF . 8 er * - + os 48 ery . oes . eo 8 2 o 4 . ir) oo. woe o ft 8 8 es * oo - es - oe 2 fe * soe - 4 . a oo a On eee 7 4 soe . oom ' FEATURES 7 9 . 14 15 22 75 - 26 .4 29 30 31 Ergonomics The Mechanics of Man 2 --~ The Physiology of Work Therapeutics of Hypertension in The Work Environment Relative Importance of Cigarette Smoking in Occupational Lung Disease a Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Hodgkin's Disease in Men A Case Reference Study Asbestos -- Can It Be Used Safely Effect of Task Variables and Their in Lifting and Lowering Loads Interactions Skin Eye Diseases Those Exposed Among Arc Welders and to Welding Operations Fffective Groundick Protection The key to Personnel Abst No. 364/81 + Abst No. 366/81 Abst No. Abst No. Abat No. Abst No. Abst. No. Abst Ne Industrial Hygiene Digest a _ April 1961 personal history data physical examination and laboratory tests red cell and leukocyte count determination of haemoglobin packed cell volume bilirub^>n serum protein electrophoretic fractions pseudocholinesterase AST ALT CGT and OCT Jiireen workers were found to have skin diseases -- chloracne 4 folliculitis 4 oll dermatitis 1 juvenile acne 1 and dermatitis due to irritative or allergic agents 5 Sixteen workers showed more or less pronounced hepatic involvement consisting most often of hepatomegaly with an increase in serum ALT and OCT values In two workers bleeding cavernous haemangiomas were discovered in one case associated with chronic myelocytic leukaemia All the workers with chloracne were employed on electric capacitor impregnation with PCBs and no definite association was found between chloracne and blood PCB concentra- tions Conversely a significant positive association was found between the abnormal liver findings and blood PCB concentrations particularly trichlorobiphenyl blood concentrations The abnormal hepatic findings observed are similar to those reported in experimental animals given PCBs and in some workers such findings should probably be considered as clinical signs of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 405/81 Styrene Exposure in the Fiberglass Fabrication Industry in Washington State R.L. Schumacher et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 143-149 Feb. 1981. 17 refs ^ study was undertaken to identify methods used by the fiberglass fabrication industry in Washington State to reduce worker exposure to styrene vapor All plants in Washington were surveyed to deter- nine the number of employees number of exposed employees degree of exposure amount of raw material used type of engineering controls effectiveness of engineering controls and respiratory protection practices including personal protection Data were collected during through and sampling surveys to study approaches of industries of different sizes to the control of employee exposure to styrene vapor There were approximately 1000 expose employees in 31 plants with a total employment of 4300. Moss plants were involved in boat building and repair an industry with the highest exposure In 12 selected plants a total of 597 air samples was collected Approximately 40 of all samples . indicated overexposure * --Authors abstract reprinted by permission INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 406/81 Comparative Pulmonary Inhaled Inorganic Fibers with Fiberglass KIP Lee et al 167-191 Feb. 1984. 27 refs Responses to Asbestos and Environ Res 24 One group of rats hamsters and guinea pigs was exposed to amosite asbestos by inhalation of fibers of lengths greater than 3.1 x liter fiberglass at potassium octatitanate Fybex 5 ...m at 0.7 x liter Du Pont's registered trademark for inorganic reinforcing titanate fibers at 2.9 x liter and pigmentary porassium titanate PKT at 2.0 x liter respectively for 6 day for 3 months One group of animals exposed to air alone was used as control Im addition three groups of rats hamsters and 10 guinea pigs were exposed to Fybex at 2.9 x liter 13.5 x 1iter and 41.8 ^ liter respectively for 3 months One group served as control Asbestos Fybex and PKT produced essentially similar pulmonary responses but with marked differ- ences in fibrogenicity and species differences Asbestos was the most potent fibrogeric agent and was more in terms than 10 times more tibrogenic then Fybex of exposure concentration related fibrogenic activity was found in the animals exposed to Fybex PKT was the least fibrogenic and produced very minute pulmonary fibrosis in rats and hamsters but not in guinea pigs fiberglass particles were not fibrogenic Fine Rats revealed more fibrogenic pulmonary reactions than guinea pigs or hamsters A few pulmonary tumors developed in animals exposed to asbestos Fybex and fiberglass but their numbers were too small to allow any conclusions on carcinogenicity to be drawn Fybex produced mesotheliomas in a few hamsters and its possible carcinogenic potential cannot be ruled out --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 407/81 Haemodynamic Study of Fulmonery Circulation in Workers with Asbestosis with Varying Degrees of Radiological Evidence of Pucumoconiosis M. Tomasini et al Med.Lavoro 71 1980. 8 rets Italian 515-521 Nov Pulmonary haemodynamics were studied in 16 workers with asbestosis divided into 3 classes according to the degree of radiological evidence The study consisted of microcatheterization at rest and during exercise on a cycle ergometer A pulmonary arterial hypertension was observed which was related to an increase in total pulmonary resistance and which was more evident during exercise The hypertension could be observed even in rather early stages of pneumoconoiosis and sometimes in the absence of evident alterations in lung function ry Industrial Hygiene Digest _ --April 1981 partially reduce the increase in both pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary resistance The Authors conclude that the pathogenesis of pulmonary circulation impairment can be attributed to a perivascular fibrosis originating in the lymphatic vessels which in asbestosis is particular- ly early marked and diffuse --Authors abstract reprinted in Englist : 408/81 Asbestos Fibres D. Gloag Brit Med J. 1981. 31 refs and the Environment 282 623-626 Feb. 21 The influence of fiber size and shape asbestos in water food and the atmosphere and the effects of public policy in Great Britain are discussed briefly --JFB 409/81 Asbestos D. Gloag Brit 1981. 25 refs -- Can It Be Med J. 282 Used Safely 541-553 Feb. 14 A 1977 EEC report concludes that there is suggestive evidence from the epidemiological studies for a threshold limit for asbestOS exposure below which excess cancer risk is small cr existent but that no adequate data to establish adds that such a limit are for mesothelioma available The report induction the relevant exposure may be impossible to estimate since the peak dust levels are probably important here However that may be for chrysotile at low levels the epidemiological data are with many other carcinogens reassuring there is no even if as threshold the diminishing probability of cancer induction must result in exceedingly small risks --Condensed from text 410/81 Fibers in Human Lung Dust Samples A A Scanning Scanning Electron Microscope Study K.H. FrFierdriicehsdrichs and H. Gtto Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 4422 150-156 Feb. 1981. 4 refs Since 1977 mesothelioma has been admitted as an occupational disease in the Federal Republic of Germany if a previous exposure to asbestos at the working place can be proven In practical work of pathologists the question arises as to how to proceed in the assessment of necropsy cases of mesothelioma if the patient's occupational history is unknown In this study 100 necropsy cases of different exposure were examined by scanning electron microscopy Concentration and length of fibers were used as criteria to distinguish between spontaneous and occupationally caused cases of mesothelioma Calculation of the counting results showed that a distinction between the two groups is reliable when fibers > 5 um in length are counted --Authors abstract reprinted by permission Emissions 411/81 Health Effect of Diesel A Current Status Report E. Weisenberger J. Soc Occcp Med 31 4-8 Jan. 1981. 9 refs Although mutagenic activity has been identified in diesel exhaust the risk to man is yet to be determined At the present time there is no evidence to link it to any increase of cancer in man or to any adverse effect on pulmonary function Risk , still remains the unanswered question --Condensed from text 412/81 Inhalation of NO2 and Blood Borne Cancer Cell Spread to the Lungs A. Richters and K. Kuraitis Feb 1981. Arch Environ 7 refs Health 36 36-39 An experimental experimental model was designed where the frequency of borne cancer cell metastases to the lungs of animals was used as an indicator to detect adverse effects of inhaled nitrogen dioxide 30 Animals were exposed to air containing 0.40 the - 0.05 ppm appropriate or 0.80 - 0.05 ppm of exposure periods the NO After animals were infused intravenously with B16 rouse melanoma cells At 3 wk infusion the animals were killed and the lungs were examined for melanoma nodule development The lungs of the exposed animals contained a significantly higher number of melanoma codules than the lungs of control animals .0025 These results indicate that inhalation of ambient or near ambient levels of NO influences the metastasis of borne cancer cells This raises the possibility that similar events may . occur in the human population --Authors abstract 413/81 Effects in the Rat of irhalinEVgC Just at the Nuisance Dust Level 10 m R.Z. Richards et al Arch Environ Health 36 14-19 Feb 1981. 13 refs Rats inhaled a paste polymer polyvinyl chloride dust at an aerosol concentration of 10 mg for 6 day.5 days for a wk period A small number of randomly scattered lung lesions were detected at 15 wk these lesions were also present 15 wk after exposure to polyvinyl chloride had ceased detected Few if at the any biochemical changes were alveolar surface in lung tissues or other organs of polyvinyl chloride rats It is therefore concluded that at nuisance dust level exhibits a this form of polyvinyl chloride weak biological reactivity --Authors abstract polymer 23 May 1981 Volume 45 No. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST a LITERATURE ABSTRACTS . ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL -s * HEALTHAND oS SAFETY NEWS '. FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE INC PA 15232 PITTSBURGH INDUSTRIAL Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. HYGIENE DIGEST May 1981 Volume 45 No. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract 81x -- 551/81 News Items se 0. ee ee ee we ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Coming Events 26 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee es Legal Developments 6. Books and Pamphlets 2 6 eee 6 ee te ee ee ee ee ee et ee es ee te ee es Industrial Medicine . 2... 6 Skin Diseases and Burus 2. 0 ee ee ee ee we ee eee et ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee Chemical Hazards . 1. 0 ee eee et he ee Fe ee es Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . 1 ee 6 6 ee eee wt ee ee ee ee Physical Hazards . Radiation 2. 6 8 6 6 ee 6 ee ee ee te ee Be ew ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems 1.0. + 8 ee tw ee ee ee ee ee ee Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering 6. 6 ee ee ee ee be ee ee Occupational Health Management 2. ee ee tte ee ee ee ee Ee es Safety Accident Prevention ' 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 6 - 0 ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee Index 0s ee ee he " ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . 6c 0 ee ee ee et ee ee ee 1 6 7 9 11 13 14 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 What Does the Physician Want or Need from the Toxicologist Correlation of Urinary Thioethers with Chemical Exposure in a Rubber Plant FEATURES -- - Chronic Studies in Rats Exposed to Liquid Effluent from Coal Gasification Process , -- Tissue Sarcomas and Exposure to Chemical Substances A CaseReferent Study A Study of Chromosomal Aberrations in Miners Exposed to Diesel Exhausts Pulmonary Function Status of Workers Exposed to Eardwood or Pine Dust Mortality Among Men Employed Between 1943 and 1947 at a UraniumProcessing Plant The Development of a Standard Method for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing to Permeation by Hazardous Liquids ao ~~ -- 2- : Abst No. 475/87 Abst No. 490/81 Abst No. 492/81 Abst No. 195/81 Abst No. 514/81 Abst No. 518/81 Abst No. 528/81 Abst . No. 547/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest Aug. 30 - Sept. 3 QWL national Conference on and the the 80s An Inter- Quality of Working life Harbour Castle Hilton Hotel Toronto Ontario Write QWL and the 80s 262 Bloor Street West Toronto Canada M5S IVG LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 81x Court Leaves Arsenic Standard in Effect for Year Remand Health Reporter 10 Period Period 1473 14741473 Occup Safety & 1474April 23 1981 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit April 7 remanded the inorganic arsenic standard to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for reconsideration in light of the U.S. Supreme Court's benzene ruling but left the standard in effect for the year remand period The courl retained jurisdiction and asked that the amended record be resubmitted to it no later than one year from the date of this order in ASAPCO Inc. v OSHA No. 78-1959 The arsenic standard issued by OSHA in May 1978 was challenged by smelting and mining companies and by General Motors and Chrysler Corporation The current as both too strict and too costly standard for maximum worker exposure to inorganic arsenic is 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air to demonstrate Several studies presented by OSHA that serious health risk would result if the current standard were not maintained suggest caution before subjecting workers unneces- sarily to the court risks we cannot said in support accurately predict of its decision to leave the The standard in effect during court also noted that it the remand period is undisputed Dat exposure to arsenic at 500 m<= which would be permitted if the standard were vacated -- poses a significant health risk The court rejected the arsenic producers argument that there would be no risk because of OSHA's power to promulgal~ emergency temporary standards under . Section 6 c of the Act The findings required by that section of the law -- that employees are exposed to grave danger and that the temporary standard is necessary -- appear to the court to br more stringent than those required by the Supreme Court in its benzene decision 8 OSBC 1586 Noting that it had previously granted partial stays of the standard's engineering and work practice controls provision to petitioners ASARCO Inc. Bunker Hill Company the court deried Kennecott and Anaconda Company Copper Corporation's request for a similar stay In contrast to the other petitioners Kennecott Copper has not made representations that it will undertake measutes to protect worker health and safety pending the court said Kennecott's motion also address the firm's compliance costs the a decision failed to court noted --Condensed from text . May __ 1981 81x Asbestos Use to Employees OSHA p 3. April , 1981 Can Result Washington in Costly Awards Regulatory Alert A group of 680 former asbestos workers at a New Jersey plant that was closed in 1973 will receive an average of 13,800 each in a 9.4 million settle- ment While the amount involved is far from a record & 1978 lawsuit settlement in Texas provided for a 20 million fund for 445 asbestos workers it is a sobering reminder of the latent dangers and potential penalties that can result from the industrial industrial use of asbestos users of asbestos In this connection should be aware that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has just revised its instructions to its compliance officers for asbestos inspections These inspections are the basis for determining whether the medical examination programs called for in OSHA's asbestos standard must be initiated The main effect of OSHA's actions will be to permit inspectors to issuc violation citations even when the use of asbestos has been discontinued within the past six months Inspectors are now instructed that citations for serious violations of the standard -~ exposure of one or more workers to 0.1 asbestos filters per cubic centimeter of air and no existing medical exam program -- can be issued on the basis of largely circumstantial evidence of past practices In other words companies that lave discontinued the use of asbestos may now be cited for violation of the OSHA standard on the basis of evidence that in the past It isn't they violated the standard clear how such a citation might be contested by a company that was never previously inspected for asbestos use --Condensed from text 81x Was Off Premises Injury Compensable Occup Hazards 43 124 126-127 April 1981 Travel to and from his construction current site tacked 20 miles on company's Gnewuch's odometer each day In order to reach the remote sile Gnewuch turned .sole access route a off the main highway onto the rural road which intersected with a railroad crossing While driving home from work one day Gnewuch tailed to beat an oncoming Lrain over the crossing The train smashed into his car and injured Grewuch When his employer contested Gnewuch's claim for workers compensation benefits the case was brought before the Virginia Industrial Commission At the hearing before the Commission Gnewuch's employer contend ed that the claim should be rejected since Gnewuch's hours and accident had occurred after working outside the workplace Gnewuch stated that the car accident had been related arguing that since there was only one road leading out of the workplace his drive home on that road should be considered part of the collision with the train his was joh Therefore a related accident and the resulting injury was compensable 7 Industrial Hygiene Digest microsomal metabolism of biphenyl benzo a pyrene androstene and androstane 17Bdiol in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that me hexane was without effect on rat liver microsomal cytochrome 450 and that methyl ethyl ketone and Lethylchoroform depressed the formation of two metabolites of androstenedione but did not alter the concentration of cytochrome 450 under the experimental conditions used Xylene was shown to be a phenobarbital inducer of rat liver microsomal cytochrome 450 --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 515/81 The Dust of Synthetic Polymers as . a Harmful Occupational Allergenic Factor A.P. Martynova et al Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 2 20-23 1981. 7 refs Russian Hygienic clinical and experimental studies that revealed associated hazards of dust from synthetic polymeric materials in Industries involving mechanical treatment of these materials are described These hazards are due to the allergenic activity of molecular mass ingredients and to accessory substances which are used in the manufacture of polymers and which have sensitizing properties --Authors abstract in English INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 513/81 Human Response to Controlled Levels of Combinations of Sulfur Dioxide and Inert Dust I. Andersen et al Scand J. Work Enviren Health 7 1-7 March 1981. 14 refs Under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber it healthy young volunteers were exposed mg combinations to 13 mg and of sulfur dioxide 502 2.6 or inert plastic dust 2 or 10 or of 502 13 mg and dust 10 mcoated with vanadium During periods in clean air and during exposures of h duration nasal micus flow rate nasal airflow resistance forced vital capacity and subjective discomfort were measured Reductions in nasal mucus flow rate forced expiratory flow FEF25-75 and discom- fort were related principally to the 50 con- centration The combined effects of 502 and dust were at the most additive and there was no indication of potentiation effects No ef- fect could be attributed to the coating of the , dust with vanadium --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 514/81 A Study of Chromosomal Aberrations in Miners Exposed to Diesel Exhausts I. Nordenson et al Scand J. Work Environ Health 7 14-17 March 1981. 7 refs A study was made of chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes from a group of 14 miners exposed to diesel exhausts and o reference group of office employees and construction workers No increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed The frequency of chromosoma aberrations both gaps and breaks was however found to be associated with smoking --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 516/81 Use of a Fluorescent Tracer Technique to Study the Botanical Trash Composition of Cotton Dust P.R. Murey et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 239-242 March 1981. 10 refs Fluorescently dyed leaf trash of known particle size distribution 66...mwas prepared and blended into raw cotton which was subsequently processed in a model cardroom The X of the added leaf tracer collected in undercard and Pneumafil filter wastes was reduced to 64 and 54 pm respectively The XN of vertically clutriated leaf tracer was somewhat less 3.8 m than the XN 4.4 pm of a small number of potentially respirable particles present in the raw leaf tracer The fluorescent tracer technique as applied to carding offers a direct means of comparing the friability of the different botanical trash components found in raw cotton --Authors abstract reprinted by permission a 517/83 Kogan Asbestosis and Its Prevention F.M. Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 2 5-105-10 198 57 refs Russian Data published in the USSR and elsewhere regarding the risk of asbestosis development among workels in asbestos factories and among those exposed to asbestos in various industries are reviewed including studies devoted to the clinical features course roentgen appearances and functional diagnosis of asbestosis with particular emphasis on asbestosis complicated by malignant neoplasms and on the possible mechanisms of fibrogenic and carcinogenic actions of asbestos The main methods of preventing harmful effects of asbestos are reviewed --Authors abstract in English 518/81 Pulmonary Function Status of Workers Exposed to Hardwood or Pine Dust L.W. Whitehead et Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 42 178-186 March 1981. 28 refs Wood dusts may have substantial health impacts beyond those of nuisance dust This project reports results linking pulmonary function change a 19 June 1981 Volume 45 No. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS . ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEA, LTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS June 1981 Volume 45 No. 6 This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 552x 552x 81 --- 658/81 News Items 2... , Coming Events ...2.., Legal Developments ... Books and Pamphlets . . 0... . . Industrial Medicine ....., Chemical Hazards 0.04; Industrial Dusts and Inhalants Physical Hazards 04 Radiation a, Environmental Problems , Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering Occupational Health Management Safety Accident Prevention . ' 6 Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ' ew ee .. . . Index 2... Addresses of Cr er ee . ee ee yea, ey Journals Abstracted ... . . 156722 15672 156722 156722 15672 15 20 20 20 22 23 23 25 27 29 FEATURES The Physiological Responses While Using a Demand of Mild Pulmonary Subjects Respirator During Rest and Work Arsenic Metabolites in Hair Blood and Urine in Workers Exposed to Arsenic Trioxide The Control of Lead Cost Benefit Analysis .. Biochemical and Hematological Evaluation of Chloroprene Workers Exposure of Motor Vehicle Examiners Carbon Monoxide A Historical Prospective Mortality Study A Follow Study of the Grain Elevator Workers in the Port of Vancouver Optical Radiation Levels Produced by Single Direct Arc Furnaces Measuring Air Quality Levels Inexpensively at Multiple Locations by Random Sampling Sampling ? Abst No. 576/81 Abst Abst 593/81 597/81 Abst No. 602/81 Abst No. 609/81 Absl No. 620/81 Abst No. 626/81 Abst No. 631/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest ' intratracheal instillation of quartz dust and then declined to a lower but still enhanced level after 1 week Increased LMH activity persisted in lavage fluid alveolar macrophages and lung homogenates for at least 2 months fol- lowing administration of quartz Plasma LDB activity was not affected however During the acute phase of the pulmonary response the extracellular 1.DH activity in the airways was wellcorrelated with the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes recovered by lavage The response of . the rat lung to quartz has been shown to be much more complex than indicated by in vitro studies and in particular alveolar macrophages appear to be much more resistant to the cytotoxic ef fects of quartz in vivo than in vitro The system described may give more reliable information on the cytotoxicity and fibrogenic potential of dusts than any of the in vitro test systems presently available --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 622/81 Effect of Chrysotile Asbestos AP on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells K.A. Babu et al Environ Res 24 325-329 Apr. 1981. 18 refs ' In vitro effect of tile asbestos from an Indian variety of chrysoAndhra Pradesh AP is evaluated using sister chromatid exchanges SCEs in Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells Cultures were treated for 24 hr with different concentra- tions of asbestos fibers i.e. 0.1 1 10 and 100 gof medium Sister chromatid exchanges were elevated even with the lowest concentration used However the linear relationship between SCEs and asbestos concentration is not seen a --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 81x The Utilization of the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell for Evaluation of the Toxicity of Particulate Materials 1. Model Compounds and Coated Fly Ash N.E. Garrett et al Environ Kes 24 345-365 Apr. 1981. 46 refs Data are presented which detail the effects of model particulate compounds and fly ash particles on rabbit alveolar macrophage RAM and Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells Silica silicic acid titanium dioxide and fractionated 0-2 23 and 5-8 m fly ash particies with and without coatings of nickel lead or cadmium oxides were the experimental particles Silica was the most toxic particle studied Cell viability and ATP in the RAM assay and colony survival in the CHO assay showed an almost identical response to silica and silicic acid Titanium dioxide par- ticles were relatively inert in the RAM and CIO systems although a pronounced loss of ATP was observed in cells exposed in serum medium Uncoated fly ash was relatively nontoxic in the 19 June 1981 RAM system when assayed by number and viability ATP measurement of cell and total protein However toxicity of the uncoated particles was demonstrated in the CHO clonal assay The number of colonies formed at 1000 ml particulate was reduced to 10.6 28.5 and 82.2 of the control for the 0 to 2- 2 to 5- and 5 to um size ranges Nickel coated fly ash was more cytotoxic than the uncoated particles in both the RAM and CHO cell systems Toxicity of NiO was similar to that obtained for the coated fly ash although the weight percentage of NiO in the ash was only % suggesting that the particles enhanced toxicity The lead coated fly ash was even more toxic than the nickel par- ticles these particles were used to explore the effect of serum concentration on toxic responses Cellular ATP was strongly affected in macrophages exposed in serum media and treated with PbO- coated fly ash ATP ranged from 20 to 200 times less than that for the corresponding uncoated fly ash or untreated control Nickel and lead did not dissociate from the fly ashes into the bio logical media However cadmium was rapidly released from the cadmium coated fly ash and provided an excellent model for study of the dissociation of toxic compounds from particle cultures Cell numbers were unaltered after treatment with the coated fly ash as reported previously for soluble cadmium The coated fly ash was considerably more toxic than would have been predicted on the basis of the amount of soluble cadmium released into the medium also indicating that the association of the metal oxide with the fly ash enhanced toxicity --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 81x The Utilization of the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Evaluation of the Toxicity of Particulate for Materials Processes 11. Particles from Related N.E. Garett et al Environ Res 24 366-376 Apr. 1981. 17 refs Rabbit alveolar macrophage RAM and Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells were used in in vitro tests to evaluate the toxicity of effluents from coal gasification combustion and conventional coal particulate fluidized combustion Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of nine samples from cual related processes showed that the sensitivity of the RAM assay was improved substantially when the test was conducted in serum media A linear relationship was observed between percentage cell viability and ATP level in the particle cultures In the RAM assay without serum the slope of the line was 1.0 which provided strong evidence that the mechanism of toxicity was similar in reducing cell viability and ATP The cytotoxicity of the related particles in the CHC clonal assay showed that the system was approximately equiva- Jent to the RAM assay without serum Conven- tional coal combustion Fly ash 3 ...m was the Industrial Hygiene Digest doing specific work and requiring reasonable accommodations in order to perform it effec- tively --Condensed from Lext 653/81 For 1980 Preliminary Accident Report Work Deaths Decreased A.F. Hoskin Natl Safety News 123 69-70 Apr. 1981 There were about dents in 1980 a 13,000 deaths from work acci - two percent decrease from the figure recorded for 1979. Of the eight prin cipal industrial groups one showed an increase three showed decreases and the remaining four showed no change in deaths from 1979. The death totals for 1980 were Trade 1,400 Service 1,800 Manufacturing Government 1,700 1,700 Transportation and public utilities Construction 1,500 1,500 2,400 Mining and quarrying 500 Agriculture 2,000 Disabling injuries totaled about 2,200,000 in 1980 and permanent impairment cases numbered approximately 80,000 Incidence rates cannot be computed at this time on a national scale but preliminary information indicates that the all- industry incidence rate probably showed a small decrease in 1980 --Author's abstract reprinted , 654/81 Systems Safety Browning Prof. Safety . . A Perspective R.L. 26 15-19 March 1981 4 The author discusses the premises objectives and techniques of systems safety analysis The systems safety of the sixties and the traditional discipline together with the prospects and potentials for systems safety in the eight- ies ure addressed --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 655/8 Hazard Control System Reliability Evaluation J.H. Capps Prof. Safety 26 26 March 1981. 13 refs 20- : A thorough consistent conceptual base has not been developed to guide efforts tate hazard control technology develops such a conceptual base and to faciliThis article in the hope that others will help in its development to suggest improvements to simplify concepts most important to help develop a consensus that a conceptual base is needed --Author's abstract reprinted by permissi 656/81 A Safety Program with a Wright Nati Safety News 123 1981 10 refs Bite J.L. 64-67 Apr. An effective safety program cannot be casual if it is to work year in and year out Participants must be assigned very specific responsibilities and must be assisted in upgrading their performance Finally performance must be measured in a recognizable manner Chalmers Corporation's Engine Division developed a program that includes these three elements The program is described --Condensed from text ANALYTICAL METHODS MISCELLANEOUS 657/81 The Dimensions of Airhorne Asbestos Fibres Crocidolite Province South Africa from Kuruman Area Cape C.Y. Hwang and G.W. Gibbs Ann Occup Hyg 24 23-41 1981. 36 refs The dimensions of airborne fibres collected at an underground mine and two mills producing crocido- lite in the Kuruman area of Cape Province South Africa and those collected at a plant manufacturing pipes in South Africa using Cape crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos are reported The measurements were made using a transmission electron microscope a scanning electron micro- scope and a light optical microscope There was no apparent changes in diameter with stage of processing although in certain processes such as cutting asbestos cement pipe the presence of chrysotile fibres altered the size distribution markedly However there was some change in length with stage of processing The finding that the observed diameter distributions in airborne samples in this study are similar to those previously reported in the lungs of workers exposed to Cape crocidolite may indicate that if diameter is the important parameter in relation to health effects the hazard associated with exposure to Cape crocidolite should dose for dose be similar for all stages of processing The proportion of long fibres in the air has been found to be very small and observations on very large their numbers of fibres are necessary to confirm presence -Authors abstract reprinted by permission July 1981 Volume 45 No. 7 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS - ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL ' | HEALTH AND | ' SAFETY NEWS ad INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE ae PITTSBURGH PA 15232 | INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST + Editor Jane F. BrislM.iL.nS. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. July 1981 Volume 45 No. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue . Contains . Abstracts 81x -- 761/81 News Items 26 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee Coming Events . 2 ee 6 ee ee ee ee ee Legal Developments 26 oe ee ee ee ee ee es Books and Pamphlets . . - - 6 6 ee eee we ee es Industrial Medicine . - 6-6 6 ee ee ew eee Chemical Hazards . 6 6 606 5 8 ee ee eee ee te Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . . - + - + ee ee > Physical Hazards 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems . - 1 ee 2 8 ee ee ee ee Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering - - - + + Safety Accident Prevention 2. 2 6 2 6 ep ee eee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 6 6. + es ee Index a Addresses of Journals Abstracted - 1 s 6 es we ee . 1 4 . . 6 i - 9 . 11 UDARN222 . UDARN222 UDARN222 . UDARN222 - UDARN222 . 73 . UDARN222 27 FEATURES The Health of Welders in Naval Dockyards The Work Situation and Sickness Absence Patterns Cancer Morbidity Among Men the Metal Industry Exposed to 011 Mist in Lung Cancer in Ferrous Foundry Workers A Review Assessment of Renal Function of Workers Simultaneously Exposed to Inorganic Lead and Cadmium Endocrinologic Studies in Men to Carbon Disulfide Exposed Occupationally Objective Pathological Diagnosis of Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis Effects of Inhaled in Rats Diesel Emissions and Coal Dust How Do You Know Your Hazard Control Program is Effective Abst 682/81 Abst Abst 685/81 689/81 Abst No. 703/81 Abst 708/81 Abst 726/81 Abst Abst 729/81 745/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest July 1981 the inhaled air The rate of CO uptake or elimination is dependent upon the concentration of CO in the air as well as pulmonary diffusion capacity and alveolar ventilation which change with different metabolic rates Coburn Forster and Kane CFK developed a mathematical model to describe the uptake and elimination kinetics of CO in sedentary individuals The CFK model was used in a mathematical simulation of CO uptake and elimi- ~ nation where the independent variables were in- haled CO concentration and metabolic rate The metabolic rate was used to specify pulmonary diffusing capacity and alveolar ventilation As the level of COHb increased the metabolic rate was decreased to a level compatible with the impaired oxygen transport A physical fatigue limit was also included The theoretical model was used to simulate conditions beyond the range of exposures permissible under experimental laboratory condi- tions --Authors abstract reprinted by permission Pacumoconiosis C. R. Fisher Assn 245 1829-1834 May 6 et al J. 1981 28 Pertinent pathological features of lungs obtained at autopsies from 99 coal miners were compared with those observed in the lungs of 268 male town dwellers of comparable age who were not occupationally related to the coal mining or other industries at risk for development of pneumoconiosis The degree of anthracatic pigment deposition and severity of type of pigmented lesion with its accompanying reticulum fiber formation and fibrosis were significantly greater in lungs of miners There was a high degree of overlap in degrees of pigment deposition particularly those quantitated as grades 1 and 2 and in lesions regarded as types 1 and 2. The greatest diver- gence was observed for prevalence of nodular pulmonary lesions type 4 There was also a considerable divergence in the type 3 alteration characterized by nonnodular aggregates of carbonladen macrophages accompanied by minimal reactive fibrosis It appears that an objective pathological diagnosis of coal workers pneumoconiosis CWP can be rendered only by the demonstration of type 4 lesions Approximat~ ly 25 of coal miners exhibited unequivocal features of CWF No significant differences concerning incidence or types of emphys^'ma or frequency of chronic cor pulmonale were encountered between the two populations --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 727/81 Serum Protein Concentrations and Res- piratory Tract Abnormalities Following Short- Tera Exposure To Amosite A Comparison Between Former Asbestos Workers and Unexposed Controls D. R. Nash et al J. Toxicol Environ Health } 733 744May 1981 29 refs A group of 176 former asbestos workers and 76 unexposed controls of similar age were evaluated and compared for concentrations of serum immuno- globulins Itrypsin carcinoembryonic antigen CEA pulmonary function radiographic appearance of the lungs rales cellular atypia and ferruginous bodies in sputum and smoking habits Test subjects were evaluated as a single group and asbestos also according Both test and to years of exposure to control populations were independently subjected to parametric and non- parametric correlation analyses Partial correlations were also determined for both groups after controlling for age race sex and smoking habits Analysis of variance was used to compare test and control groups Smoking particularly heavy smoking was an important variable infiuencing abnormalities of the respiratory tract and CEA in trols former asbestos workers but not in conExcept for immunoglobulin A IgA serum proteins CEA and antitrypsin were not significantly different between test and control subjects Analysis of variance revealed sig- nificant increases between test and control groups rales for and cellular atypia ray pulmonary restriction abnormalities Fartial cor- relation revealed ruginous analysis for the asbestos grous important correlations between erbo~ ies in sputum rales and radio- graphic appearance of the lungs --Authors abstract reprinted by permission to 728/81 Exposure Chrysotile Asbestos in Friction Materials Industry G. Scansetl^> et al Med Lavoro 72 46-51 Jan./Feb 1981 10 refs Cases of asbestosis are frequently observed in . friction materials industry although only chrys- otile is used in such manufacturing processes The results of two subsequent surveys carried our in 1977 and 1979 in a large factory are reported To determine fibre concentration samples were taken by membrane filter and counting was per- formed by phase contrast microscopy 450 X 13.5 of samples exceeded 2 ec in 1977 as com- pared to 1.35 in 1979. The improvements derived by machinery enclosure automation of bag opening . enlargement of ventilation systems and use of ready batches of asbestos As it was to be expected the best results are obtained in final stages of the manufacture --Authors summary 729/81 Effects of Coal Dust in Rats Ind Hyg Assn J. xa Inhaled Diesel Emissions and M. T. Karagianes et al Am 42 382-391 May 1981 21 Rats were exposed to noal dust and diesel exhaust omissions separately and in combination for 20 months to evaluate the potential health offerts of these specific mine air exhaust was produced by materials The diesel an engine operated in a 18 August 1981 ' Volume 45 No. 8 - LITERATURE ~. . ABSTRACTS - ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. Production Debra A. Bowers Joy H. Henning August 1981 Volume 45 No. 8 t TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 81x --- 891/81 News Items . 1... 1 ee ee Coming Events ........ Legal Developments .... .. Books and Pamphlets .... . Industrial Medicine ..... Skin Diseases and burns .- - Chemical Hazards . Industrial Dusts and Inhalants ' . a a . . . . . a a a . Physical Hazards Radiation - 1. 4. ....... 6 6 ee pw Environmental Problems . . . Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . 2... 1... wee ew ee Occupational Health Management Ce Safety Accident Prevention . Pree ee er as Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Index 6 ep + ew we ee . . . - Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . a . i 7 . 8 10 - 12 . 15 . 16 . 20 . 23 : 25 26 27 - 28 , 29 . 30 . 31 34 t FEATURES Assessment of Risk by Biological Monitoring } Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Carbonless Copy Paper } Health of Workmen in the Producing Industry in Britian Clinical Laboratory Results of Vanadium Workers } Semen Quality in Workers Exposed to Carbon Disulfide Compared to a Control Group from the Same Plant } + Mortality and Industrial Hygiene Study of Workers Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls . . Pleural Plaques and Cigarette Smoking in Asbestos Workers -- a Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis and the Compensation Dilemma 1 Abst Abst 811/81 815/81 Abst No. 820/81 Abst No. 826/81 Abst No. 830/81 Abst Abst Abst 835/81 839/81 8/2/81 8/2/81 August 1981 Volume 45 Number 8 Industrial Health foundation Inc. 523 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST NEWS ITEMS 81x Occupational Exposure to Lead New Trigger Levels for Medical Removal Protection Denial of Fetitions for Stays Notice of Variance Applications Interim Orders Occupational Safety and Health Administration Fed Reg 46 3789137895 July 23 1981 Actions Denial of petitions and notice of variance applications and interim orders OSHA hereby denies petitions by the primary and secondary lead smelting industries for year industry stays of the new trigger levels for medical removal protection MRP under the lead standard 29 CFR 1910.1025 The new triggers thus will take effect for lead smelters on July 21 1981. OSHA also hereby denies the lead battery manufacturers petition for reconsideration of OSHA's earlier denial of its request for an industry stay are taken because data submitted by These actions industry were insufficient to justify granting industrywide stays The data did however show serious and potentially serious problems of compliance with the new triggers in certain smelting and battery manufacturing plants As a result conditioned upon OSHA receiving by August 3 1981 for each such plant a variance applica- tion certification of notice to affected employees and written acceptance of the requiremints of the Order the Agency is granting interim orders under section b of the OSHA Act to those lead smelting and battery manufacturing plants that have supplied data sufficient to establish the need for relief The interim orders relieve those facilities froc having to comply with the 60/40 removal return trigeers but obligate them to comply with the 70/50 triggers all other provisions of the lead standard and certain ether requirements set out in the Interim Order OSHA also invites other oligible lead seilting and battery manufacturing plants including those that have submitted dala but have not been granted an Interim Order via this notice if they choose to apply individually for temporary variances Finally OSEA requests every applicant to submit particular data needed by the Agency to determine whether to issuc a temporary variance and invites public comment on the variance requests Dates The effective date of the new trigger levels 29 CFR 1910.1025 originally published on Novem ber 14 1978 at 43 FR 53007 for primary and secondary smelters Is July 21 1981 --Summary --Summary 81x Shifted Millar Named to to Atlanta Joh 11 101 June 30 1981 Head NIOSH as Agency_is Agency_is Safety & Health Report Dr. J. Donald Hillar will be the new director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health effective in July it was announced June 23 by Dr. Edward N. Brandt assistant secretary for health and acting surgeon general of the Department of Health and Human Services The agency also announced that all NIOSH personnel in the Washington area will be transferred to offices in Atlanta and Cincinnati Approximately 175 mostly unhappy persons will be involved in the NIOSH move There are approximately 55 persons in the division of criteria documents who will be scnt to Cincinnati and another 120 scht to Atlanta These include the office of the director adminis- trative management legislation information and grants and contracts offices NIOSH sources told HR that the move was an attempt to bury NIOSH within the Centers for Disease Control and dilute its power although the official reason for the move was to permit greater administrative efficiency Coincidentally or not Millar had been offered the NIOSH post in 1978 but had turned it down because he did not want to move from Atlanta where heads he has been since 1961. Millar cuitently the Center for Environmental Health at CDC and was the acting director of NIOSH briefly in 1977-78 N105H staffers in Rockville MD 1 Washington suburb are attempting to stop the move with writing campaigns to the governor senators and representatives in Maryland and to newspapers in Washington Arlanta and Cincinnati --Condensed from Text 81x Asbestos Standard Requires Monitoring Medical Exams Commission Rules Occup Health & Safety Letter 11 8 July 8 1981 The Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission has ruled that the asbestos standard requires periodic employer medical examinations and regular workplace monitoring in any place wherein workers are exposed asbestos The case to measurable concentrations of involved a Russelville Ark nuclear power plant which was inspected by OSHA in 1974 at its construction site Cottrell in its construction of cooling towers at the site used sheets consisting of 25 to 30 percent asbestos to cool the water heated for steam production After inspecting the site while workers installed Industrial Hygiene Digest August 1981 the sheeting OSHA charged in a serious citation that Cottrell failed to monitor the site to determine if asbestos exposure was within the limits set by the standard The citation also included a charge that the company had not provided medical examinations or made them available to its employees working with the asbestos sheeting as required by the cited standard Cottrell replied that because previous monitoring at other company locations found asbestos concentrations below limits specified in the standard it need not monitor the Russellville site In rejecting this the Commission said that the levels of airborne asbestos must be determined on a site basis The provisions of the asbestos standard apply whenever employees are exposed to airborne asbestos in measurable concentration Research- Cottrell also argued that the medical examiniations would impose substantial economic burden with , negligible worker health value The Commission reiterated that although an employer may defend against a citation by demonstrating that compliance is impossible an employer's claim that compliance would be expensive or economically burdensome is not relevant to an employer's obligation to comply except where feasibility is specifically mentioned in the standard which the asbestos standard does not -Text reprinted Chakrabarty his microbe T. Even if says his next step is decomposes the dioxin it doesn't he thinks to see whether as well as 2,4,5spraying the microbe on contaminated areas would wipe out the persistent 2,4,5 before it could produce more dioxin phenomenon that he says occurs at high temperatures He's done two things says David Watkins of EPA's industrial pollution control division in Cincinnati He created an organism that will get rid of 2,4,5 and he's developed a technique that could be applied to other potential environmental problems I'm optimistic that in a few years genetic engineering will make organisms do things they don't usually do including treat- ing industrial wastes says David f Gibson professor of microbiology at the University of Texas at Austin Of course we still don't know if organisms like the one developed by Mr. Chakrabarty will survive in competition with other organisms when they're taken outside the lab A porential hurdle says Mr. Watkins of the EPA is the political fear that we have created some kind of monster He isn't worried about possible side effects and notes that the University of Illinois team used only mechanisms that nature could have performed under the right circumstances And Mr. Watkins says that the new bug's diet is also unknown We don't know what else it could eat --Condensed from text 81x Genetics Advance Bouys Hopes For Use on Hazardous Kastes R. Lowenstein Wall Street J. 198 29 July 17 1981 One way to eliminate industrial pollutants is to create bugs that feed on them So says Ananda Chakrabarty a genetic engineering specialist at the University of Illinois in Chicago While working for General Electric Co. in the 1970's for instance he developed a microbe that eats its way through crude oil and has the potential to clear up cil spills Last month Mr. Chakrabarty and his team of touches Illinois on a new researchers put the finishing microbe that feeds on a principal component of Agent Orange the herbicide C.S. troops used to defoliate Vietnamese villages Mr. Chakrabarty's work puts him at the forefront of genetic engineers designing microbes to clean up spilled chemicals treat industrial wastes at the source and perhaps remove the danger from herbi- cides In the future Mr. Chakrabarty says instead of banning chemicals or chemical operations we'll be able to develop our own anti- dotes His latest creation developed over two years 1 a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia bacteria that isn't normally found in nature The bacteria eats 2,4,5 itself a herbicide and a component of Agent Orange if it were candy Drop a little of Mr. Chakrabarty's Chakrabarty's Chakrabarty's genetically altered bug into ^ beaker with 2,4,5 T and the herbicide decomposes into water and carbon dioxide Natural microbes do that only over reason 2,4,5 very long periods which is remainS in fields and ponds the for months after a spraying Scientists differ as to whether 2,4,5-1 irself is toxic they agree how- ever that the dioxin found in it is deadly Mr. 81x Asbestos Safety & Variety of Problems Burt Encapsulation May Stall Health Report 11 90 Usability o EPA Rule Job June 16 1981 Contrary to hopes and expectations of school tricts in the U.S. encapsulation of friable dis- as- bestos fibers has only a limited value at present and the method is not a practical option for con- taining containing materials in schools r office buildintghast have considerable The dismaying news became apparent June traffic 8-9 at an Environmental Protection Agency conference on asbestos encapsulants where talks by asbestos researchers frequently highlighted the weaknesses of encapsulation The news is particulary bad for school staff and maintenance workers because they had looked to encapsulation as a relatively cheap and effective method of contateing the dangerous fibers Encapsulation is cheap to use but as the conference pointed out it not only has limited eses but can also make an asbestos problem worse once the sealant material is applied and theu damaged However EPA officials and several seal- ant manufacturers agreed that the encapsulants can work but that more market research and development is required to improve its reliability In gen eral manufacturers pointed out that it is critical to Lest various sealant mixtures against different asbestos materials Some will work on certain materials while they may not work on others Manufacturers said that their products work but that many installers do not follow product specifispe-cifi- cations and incorrectly apply the sealants --Text reprinted 21 Industrial Hygiene Digest 81x Rajhans Asbestos and J. L. Sampling and Analysis G. Sullivan Available from S. " Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc. 230 Collingwood P.O. Box 1425 Ann Arbor Michig 48106 266 p 1981 Price 37.50 Of all of the problems encountered by industrial hygienists and others concerned with workplace bealth asbestos must surely be among the most difficult It is almost impossible at present to decide what a safe concentration is if such a figure exists or to unravel current controversies on the mechanisms responsible for its effects To be sure a veritable mountain of literature much of it very recent exists Many alternative techniques for the identification of asbestos varieties and airborne fibers have been suggested in the literature For specialists these re- ports are extremely useful but the average industrial hygienist and associated workers are often unfamiliar with the basic principles of alternative techniques and may not have ready access to the vast quantity of available litera- ture needed For this reason the authors have tried to assemble a representative cross section of current information on the more important methods of asbestos identification and sample evaluation In doing so they have described methods now in every use as well as those : with which most industrial hygienists and in- dustrial health workers will not be as well , acquainted Accordingly some explanations of the basics of the techniques employed also have been included Clearly there is a limit to the extent that this can be done It is not pos- sible nor is it necessary to describe in their entirety the scientific principles involved What the authors have tried to do is to present enough information for the average industrial hygienist to begitno understand and use methods such as ray diffraction and electron micro- scopy In no way is the book written for the specialists in the individual fields However if any such are confronted with questions of asbestos evaluation for the first time the book should be helpful Certainly the last words on the subject have not been written Asbestos analysis and evaluation as well as interpre- tation of results are difficult subjects even for experts At best the currently tech- niques or methods involve uncertainties and at worst they can be misleading Unfortunately the other available methods though they may be more positive are unfamiliar to most people in industrial hygiene They are also consuming and expensive Nevertheless if more satisfactory approaches are to be developed some of the less familiar better known methods , will need to become --Condensed from Preface 11 August 1981 ; 81x Quantitative Industrial Hygiene 11 st. Beaulieu and R. M. Buchan Available front Garland STPM Press 136 Madison Avenue New York N.Y. 10016. 157 p 1981 Price 17.50 To perform a competent environmental evaluation the field industrial hygienist must be extremely knowledgeable about his equipment This laboratory guide was developed to help introduce critical procedures and equipment to students and professional hygienists in a logical organized and meaningful way Enough information about every subject is provided to enable the reader t understand the importance of each testing or analysis procedure and to perform them successfully In addition each procedure contains pertinent reference material equipment lists and addresses of equipment suppliers in addition to its importance as a valuable reference tool Quantative Industrial Hygiene complements available oriented textbooks and is an ideal lab hock for all industrial hygiene courses Exercises Calibration of the Wet Test Meter Calibration of the Totameter and Critical Orifice with the Wet Test Meter and the Bubble Burette Particulate Sampling by Membrane Filtration f^,r Microscopic Counting Calibration of the Perton Craticule in a microscope and Size Counting Particulates Mass Respirable and Total Mass Sampling for Particulates Gas and Vapor Sampling and Analysis Evaluation of Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems Heat Stress Evaluations Noise Evaluations Illumination Evaluations Microwave Evaluations Conducting a Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey Respiratory Protection --Publisher's release 81x NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 35 Ethylene Oxide ETO Evidence of Carcinogenicity National Institute for Occupational Occupational Safety and Health Available from Publications Dissemina- tion Ohio NIOSH 45226. 4676 Columbia DHHS NIOSH Parkway Cincinnati Publication No. 81- 130. 21 p 1981 Single copies available ar RO charge Include a addressle abd el with your request . The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH recommends that ethylene oxine be regarded in the workplace as a potentia occupational carcinogen and that appropriate controls be used to reduce worker exposure These recommendations are based primarily on an sponsored ethylene oxide was leukemia in female study demonstrating that associated with increases in rats and peritoneal mesothe liomas malignant Lumors in male rats There has been widespread recognition of the mutagenic potential of ethylene oxide and recent evidence demonstrates adverse reproductive effects in mammals which also are of public health concern In addition limited epidemiologic investigations at two worksites provide evidence that excess risk nt cancer mortality may exist for the ethylene oxide workers studied Some workers are ou occasion exposed to relatively high concentrations Industrial Hygiene Digest ne 6 ee ne August 1981 ae mortality elevated due to cirrhosis of the liver was also The results of detailed industrial hygiene surveys conducted in each plant are also presented -Authors abstract fibers are the dimensions and the durability of the system of the fibers fibers the dose in the biological : --Condensed from text 836/81 Paraquat Poisoning and Kidney Function Tests D. B. Webb and C. G. Davies Lancet 1 1424 June 27 1981 Publications on paraquat poisoning are now emphasising the renal handling of this compound Paraquat is renally excreted and renal failure will promote sustained tissue levels and thus encourage pul- monary uptake Paraquat is an organic base and the existence of active secretion by organic base transport is supported by other organic bases which infusion studies inhibit paraquat with , secre- tion The degree to which paraquat clearance will exceed glomerular filtration rate expressed as creatinine clearance must be interpreted with cactiva however --Condensed from text INDUSTRIAL DUSTS & INHALANTS 837/81 Consideration of the Aerodynamic Equivalent Diameter of Respirable Mineral Fibers P. GrossEquivalent Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 449-452 June 1981 3 refs By means of data derived from the work of others the relation of the diameter and length of a fiber to its aerodynamic equivalent diameter is portrayed graphically Similarly graphical representations of the relationship of fiber diameter and length to alveolar deposition are constructed and discussed --Author's abstract reprinted by permission Toxicology 838/81 Fiber Fiber Toxicology * Toxicology J. P. Leineweber J. Occup Med 23 431-434 June 1981 17 refs It is how a beyond our normal experience to comprehend very durable reactive material such as asbestos can play a role in the complex biological process that leads to malignant growth The objectives of this discussion are to show that the factors involved determinants and can be reduced to three major to consider how these determin- ants can be used to evaluate the possible risk associated with occupational exposure to a wide variety of fibrous materials both natural and made Our current knowledge regarding ashesrelated diseases has been derived from both epidemiological and animal studies limited areas confirmatory evidence obtained from vitro cell culture In certain has been studies All of this information indicates that the important determinants for the biological activity and therefore the producing potential ct 839/81 Pleural Plaques Asbestos Workers W. Med 23 427-430 June and Cigarette Smoking in Weiss al J. Occup 1981 11 refs In a survey of 45 men aged 40 or over who had worked five years or more in an asbestos manufac turing plant the prevalence of pleural plaques was studied with respect to age duration of asbestos exposure estimated cumulative asbestos dose and smoking habit Plaques were found in 387 to 53 of the men depending on the interpretation of the chest Film reader Cigarette habit ap peared to be the most important factor the prevalence was lowest in smokers intermediate in current smokers and particularly high in exsnokers There was some confounding of this relationship by estimated cumulative asbestos dose but such con- founding did not seem to be sufficient to explain fully the relationship between the prevalence of plaques and smoking habit Both factors must be considered in studies of the risk of pleural plaques in asbestos workers --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 840/81 Mortality of Workers Certified by Pneumo- coniosis Medical Panels as Having Asbestosis G. Berry Brit J. Ind Med 38 130-132 May 1981 12 refs A mortality study has been carried out at the Loudon Cardiff or Swansea Pneumoconiosis Medical Panels between 1952 and 1976 on people certified as suffering from asbestosis The main analysis was of 665 men 283 of whom had died of the deaths 39 were from lung cancer % mesothelioma and 20 asbestosis The observed mortality was compared with expectation based on the death rates for England and Wales For all causes the obser ved number of deaths was 2.6 times expectation and for lung cancer 9.1 rimes expectation After 10 years from first certification half of the men had died compared with an expectation of one in four The excess death rates were apparent in the first year after certification and were still operating after 1 years on those who survived until then The main clinical factor influencing the mortality was the state of the men at the time of certift- cation as indicated by the percentage disability awarded the excess lung cancer rale and the mesothelioma and asbestosis rates all increased with percentage disability Those awarded only 10 or 20 benefit were still at risk from all the three asbestos related causes For a man certi- fied at age 55 it was estimated that his life expectation would be reduced by 3 5 8 or 12 years according to whether his rate of disablement benefit was 10 20 30 or 40 or 50 or more respectively --Author's abstract reprinted + by permission September 1981 Volume 45 No. 9 - INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST -*- LITERATURE+ << ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL . HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 4 Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. ' Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. Production Debra A. Bowers Joy H. Henning September 1981 Volume 45 No. 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 81x -- 0019/81 News Items 0 6 ee eee ee ee tee te Coming Events 6 ee eee Legal Developments 6 6 ee Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine . 6 ee 6.1 6 hee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 6 ee ee he ee ee ew He ee ee Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts . 6 ee ee and Inhalants . ee 1. ee - 2 ee ee ee ee re et Physical Hazards 6 6 er toe te ee te te Radiation 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems 26 0 6 6 ee ee eee ee ee et Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . . - - 6 ee ee Occupational Health Management 2 + ee ee ee ee ee es Safety Accident Prevention 2 6 ee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 6 Index oo. ee eee ee ee ee ee ee 6 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee re ee eee ett ee et Addresses of journals Abstracted . 2. 6 2 +45 2 4 eee he eos , a ee wee rr rer ee es 4 i) 29 FEATURES ~ Developing related Preplacement Medical Examinations A Retrospective Cohort Study of Mortality and Cancer -- Incidence Among Chemists 4 A Retrospective Cohort Study of Disability Among Chemists -- Trimellitic Anhydride Toxicity A Cause of Acute -- Multisystem Failure e -~ Fluoride Balances in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women NRC Report Discusses Health Effects Of Exposure to } Diesel Engine Exhaust Combined Effects of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide on ~- Respiratory Function in Man Cancer Morbidity Investigations Lessons from the Duluth Study of Possible Effects of Asbestos in H Drinking Water Abst No. 918/81 Abst No. 923/81 Abst Xo 924/83 Abst No. 946/81 Abst No. 948/81 Abst No. 958/81 Abst No. 974/81 Abst No. 994/81 fitness strength workplace layout load handles etc. The Guide includes recommendations regarding both the selection and training of workers who must perform manual materials handling activitics as well as presenting some engineering guidelines for the design of workplaces where manual materials handling is performed --Abstract INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 915/81 Occupational Lung Diseases State of , the Art H. Weill Chest 80 545-575 July 1981 Supplement 13 refs Gaining access to occupational groups requires convincing both management and their lawyers as well workers and their unions that even in this somewhat polarized regulated and litigious society it is in their interest to partici- pate in such investigations In this overview the author summarizes several examples of how studies of populations exposed to mineral and organic dusts or chemical gases and vapors have contributed to our knowledge of both related and related determinants of these condi- tions and raise some of the questions which remain --Author's summary condensed 916/81 A Method for Detecting a Cohort Exposure S. T. Sacks and S. Selvin Environ Res 25 167-177 June 1981 17 refs Until recently cohort analysis has been primarily a descriptive technique using graphical presentations to identify obvious cohort effects The present paper discusses methodology designed to separate and statistically assess the individual Influences on disease rates of birth cohort calendar time and age and includes several examples of cohort analysis on both actual and hypothetical data Analyzing a set of data for a cohort effect for the purpose of identifying point source exposures is emphasized --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 917/81 Preemployment Back Rays Unnecessary Practice Try Another Approach R. J. Ustby Occup Health Nursing 29 20-23 July 1981 10 refs Preemployment rays do not predict future low back pain or injuries Furthermore the rays unnecessarily expose the employees to radiation and are expensive Refusing employment to someone on the basis of preemployment back ray may bai desirable employees from the workforce and expose employers to legal liabilities A complete history and physical examination in conjunction with a screening test of back strength and flexibility provide basic components for a useful inexpensive preemployment examination --Summary September 1981 918/81 Developing Related Preplacement Mediral Examinations J. Occup Med J. C. 23 Hogan and E. J. Bernacki 469-475 July 1981 20 refs Federal regulations prohibiting discrimination in hiring require that employment selection procedures to evaluate applicants be based on job- related criteria The preplacement physical examination used in employment particularly in the placement of handicapped persons must also be conducted in a related manner This paper discusses the development and use of the physical examination in selecting and placing applicants for jobs in the workplace with special reference to handicapped persons and disabled veterans IL presents and justifies a method of performing these examinations in a manner consistent with humanistic and business goals as well as the goals of federal regulatory agencies prohibiting em- ployment discrimination --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 919/81 Editorial tion S. Lerner July 1981 Response J. Occup Preplacement ExaminaMed 23 475-476 In this editorial response to Hogan and Bernacki's article Developing Related Freplacement Medical Examinations See abstract 918/81 Sidney Lerner adds some pertinent personal observations and includes a suggested Report of Medical Examination form to replace the form used by the other doctors in their article --JLC 920/81 Epidemiology Public Health and Health Surveillance Around Point Sources of Pollution J. H. Stebbings Jr. Environ Res 25 1-7 June 1981 10 refs In industrial society a large number of point sources of pollution exist such as chemical plants smelters and nuclear power plants Public concern has forced the practising epidemiologist to undertake health surveillance of the usually small populations living around point sources Although not justifiable as research such epidemiologic surveillance activities are becoming a routine part of public health practice and this trend will continue This introduction reviews concepts of epidemiologic surveillance and institutional problems relating to the quality of such applied research --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 921/81 Ebert 1981 5 Medical Surveillance Occup refs Health Nursing Way 29 To Go 9-16 F. July The forms and procedures surveillance program for established for a medical employees involved in asbestos demolition are summarized --JFB Industrial Hygiene Digest In addition to examining the liver by an electronmicroscope Cd concentration in the liver was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry The Cd contents in the livers of group III were significantly reduced compared with those of group I. Apparent ultrastructural changes i.~ . deterioration of rough endoplasmic reticula losses of glycogen particles and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticula were observed in ; the livers of group 1. Meanwhile these changes were significantly mild in those of group III From these results it is suggested that Cd inhibits protein synthesis and glycogen metabolism in the liver and that Zn partly protects the liver from induced ultrastructural changes --Authors abstract in English 956/81 Contribution of the Study of Term . Effects of Polyneuropathy due to Industrial Glues Clinical and Electromyographic Observations V. Montesanti and N. Liso Med Lavoro 72 107112 April 1981 7 refs Italian The Authors describe clinical and electromyographical reports taken over a period of Lime from a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 6 years for 10 patients who had contracted polyneuropathy due to exposure to industrial adhesive substances between 1971 and 1976. The data emerging from these observations lead the Authors to conclude that patients recover within a period of 16-18 months without clinically appreciable neurological consequences while electromyographical alterations tend to take a longer period of time to normalise and in any case no less than 24 months --Abstract in English 957/81 On the Neurotoxicity of Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone 1. Perbellini et al Med Lavoro 721 102-106 March 1981 15 reis Italian The occurrence of peripheral neuropathies in animals and humans exposed to cyclohexane or . cyclohexanone has been suspected This study reports the results obtained from rats which received twice daily i.p. injections each con- taining 200 mg of cyclohexanol 5 days a week for periods up to 6 weeks and from rats which received the same dose of cyclohexanone for periods up to 13 weeks The electrophysiological . and neuropathological studies during and after the treatment failed to detect any damages of the peripheral nervous system These results suggest that the chronic intoxication with the main cyclohexane metabolites cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone do not develop peripheral neuropathies in rats --Authors abstract in English ' 17 ; September 1981 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 958/81 NRC Report Discusses Health Effects Of Exposure to Diesel Engine Exhaust Anon J. Ait Poll Control Assn 31 790-791 July 1981 . According to the 1981 Report of the Health Effects Panel of the National Research Council's Diesel Impacts human exposure Study Committee the effects to whole diesel exhaust have of not been conclusively demonstrated From available epidemiological clinical and laboratory animal studies no firm conclusions can be drawn about possible pulmonary and systemic effects of diesel exhaust exposure Although a comparatively large data base exists for pulmonary and systemic effects of certain individual phase exhaust components nitrogen oxides is little basis for making judgments on the cardiopulmonary effects of whole diesel exhaust though some of the individual components are known to exert adverse effects However evi- . dence based on laboratory animal studies suggests that inhaled diesel exhaust affects the lung clearance mechanisms produces specific histopathologic changes in the lung that may may not be reversible and adversely affects pulmonary defense mechanisms --Condensed from text or the 959/81 Studies Graham refs Methodological Problems in Ecologic of the Asbestos Relationship S. Environ Res 25 35-49 June 1981 14 : Past researchers dealing with worker populations and rarely populations residing around sites where asbestos is mined or manufactured have shown a relationship between such exposure and mesothelioma These studies have dealt mainly with males and have not replicated those findings in a couple of studies that asbestos increased risk of lung stomach and large bowel cancer In order to extend the knowledge of the effects of asbestos further and to consider another type of exposure residential the the incidence of all sites of authors cancer examined studied separately in the asbestos counties of Quebec the first counties surrounding them . the other rural counties and the urban counties of Quebec As have previous studies they found higher risks of mesothelial tumors and in ad- dition an added risk for cancer of the lip salivary gland and small instestine for males The females showed higher risk for cancer of the pleura lip kidney salivary gland and melanora Risks increased in a response fashion with an increase in proximity to the mines The authors caution that these findings are limited by de- riving from an cers appearing ecological design and that now are probably the result canof a long latent period during which time the kinds of exposures may have changed markedly because of changes in mining techniques and air pollution controls --Author's abstract reprinted by permission Industrial Hygiene Digest 960/81 Asbestos Inhalation and the Induction of Splenic Lymphocytic Proliferation in the Rat E. Kagan and K. Miller Chest 80 125 July 1981 Supplement 7 refs There is evidence that the alveolar macrophage plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of asbestosis since this phagocytic cell is an important component of evolving lesions in this disease The authors recently demonstrated that alveolar macrophages obtained from asbestosexposed rats can evoke a stabilized physical interaction during invitro culture with autologous T enriched splenic lymphocytes This interaction was shown to have two componerts 2111 effect analogous to that produced by subjecting macrophages to the peroxidant action of sodium metaperiodate metaperiodate NaIO and an effect which was similar to directed clustering of lymphocytes around macrophages As an extension of the previous study they now report that alveolar macrophages obtained from asbestos rats cyte proliferative response --Condensed from text 961/81 Asbestos Stimulates Alveolar Macrophages to Release a Factor Causing Human Lung Fibroblasts to Replicate P. Bitterman et al Chest 80 385-395 July 1981 Supplement Asbestosis is a form of fibrosis resulting from tos fibers One of the interstitial pulmonary the inhalation of asbes- characteristic morphologic findings in asbestosis is asbestos fibers engulfed by pulmonary alveolar macrophages ( PAM surrounded by clusters of lung fibroblasts The role alveolar macrophages play in the formation of these Fibroblast clusters was investigated by evaluating the ability of PAM to produce soluble factor causing human lung fibroblasts to replicate This study demonstrates that asbestreated PAM release factor promoting human lung fibroblast replication possible role for PAM in the fibroblast clusters observed and suggests formation of in the early a the lesions of asbestosis . --Condensed from text 1 962/81 Comparison of Phagocytosis of Uncoated Versus Coated Asbestos Fibers by Cultured Human Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages T. L. McLemore et al Chest 80 395-425 July 1981 Supplement 10 refs The current study demonstrates that while as- bestos bodies are ingested by human alveolar macrophages they are much to PAMS than similar concentrations pulmonary less toxic of naked uncoated ASB fibers These data thus support the theory that ASR Lodirs are less harmful to Human lung cells the uncoated ASB fibers and agree with a recent report by Churg and Warnoc who concluded that quantitation of naked as well as coated asbestos finers in human tissue and September 1981 sputum amount degree might be essential for determining the of occupational exposure as well as the of risk of asbestos related lung disease to a given individual --Condensed from text cs 963/81 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity in Pulmonary Macrophages and Blood Lymphocytes AsExposed Cigarette Smokers with and without Lung Cancer D. R. Snodgrass et al Chest 80 425-445 July 1981 Supplement 10 refs These results suggest that asbestos exposure may affect changes in a person's aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase AHP responsiveness or total induced level in such a way as to increase that indivi- dual's susceptibility to the potential carcinogens found in cigarette smoke condensate Whether mediated alterations in AlH levels play a primary role in the etiology of lung cancer by potentiating the production of reactive intermediates of cigarette condensate polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbor is yet to he determined --Condensed from text 964/81 and B. 69-54 Asbestos Product Liability C. A. J. Peters J. Products Liability 1981 Peters 4 The magnitude and complexity of asbestos related product liability actions has spawned a number of provocative and interesting questions These questions have significant practical theoreti- cal and social relevance This article defines and discusses some of the important questions and issues emerging from this product liability litigation --Authors abstract 965/81 Pulmonary Asbestosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenetic Parallels J. Gadek et al Chest 80 635-64S July , 1981 Supplement The IPF for findings suggest that parallels between and pulmonary asbestosis may extend to a role neutrophil collagenase in the pathogenesis of these fibrotic lung diseases --Condensed from text 966/81 Deposition Pattern and Clearance Pathways of Inhaled Chrysotile Asbestos A. R. Brody and L. E. Hill Chest 80 645-675 July 1981 Sup- plement 3 refs The authors have shown that inhaled asbestos Impacto initially on alveolar duct bifurcations and that significant interactions take place between the asbestos and underlying alveolar duct epithelial cells from duct surfaces Numerous fibers are removed five hours after exposure and by 24 hours after exposure alveolar macrophages have accumulated at alveolar duct bifurcations in Industrial Hygiene Digest significant numbers They propose that this is the initial lesion of asbestosis and pathogenetic events in this anatomic region currently are under study Early clearance through the alveolar epithelium would be a highly significant mechanism for introducing small asbestos fibrils into the pulmonary interstitium where interactions with macrophages and fibroblasts are known to occur during the pathogenesis of asbec- tosis : --Authors discussion reprinted by permission 967/81 Mesothelioma Relative tion and Methylcholanthrene Arch Pathol lab Med 105 1981 38 refs to Asbesics Radia- S. Warren et al 305-312 June The carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos fibers Canadian and Rhodesian for the mesothelium of pleura and peritoneum of NLDH rats was explored by injection of 2 mg of asbestos fibers suspended in saline intratracheally intrapleurally or intraperitoneally with or without ancillary radiation treatment 1,000 rad to the whole body of parabiont rats or 2,000 rad to the right thorax of single rats or alternatively by injection of arthrone A resothelioma asbestos plus mg of methylchol- highly 3.87 significant incidence was noted in 159 rats of treated with asbestos alone as compared with 0.1 in 1,417 control rats Additional treatment with increased increased this radiation or methylcholanthrene methylcholanthrene incidence to 11.8 and 71.51 respectively the latter increase alone being significant at the .01 level of probability --Authors abstract reprinted . by permission 968/81 Inflamation and Asbestosis Characteri- Inflamation following zation Maintenance Maintenance of Alveolitis following zation and et al Acute Asbestos Exposure C. Schoenberger Chest 80 715 July 1981 Supplement These studies demonstrate that 1 inhalation of asbestos results in an acute inflammatory in the lung which is characterized by response the presence of neutrophils 2 one mechanism by which asbestos may attract neutrophils to the lung is by stimulating alveolar macrophages to release a chemotactic factor for neutrophils 3 the release of the chemotactic factor by alveolar macrophages may be augmented by coating the asbestos fibers with serum factors --Condensed from text to Glass 969/81 Occupational Bronchopulmonary Disease Fibres Clinical Observations S G. Due et al Med Lavoro 72 96-101 Chiappino April 1981 9 refs Italian In view of the still incomplete picture of the effects of glass fibres paratus three clinical on the respiratory ap cases were studied September 1981 After prolonged exposure to glass fibres the subjects showed signs of irritation haemorrhagic chronic bronchial alveolitis and inter- stitial lung disease with alteration of alveolo- capillary gas diffusion These observations support the theory that glass fibres of a respirable size can have an effect on the lung similar to that of asbestos libres --Authors abstract in English 970/81 Farmer's Lung - Description of A. Siracusa et al Med Lavoro 72 17 Cases 118-127 March April 1981 35 refs Italian In this study 17 cases of farmer's lung are presented with particular regard to clinical radiographic lung function and serological characteristics Based on the criteria adopted an acute form was diagnosed in 8 subjects a chronic form with acute onset in 6 subjects and . a chronic form with insidious onset in 3 sub- jects On the basis of the available literature the Authors are of the opinion that the incidence of farmer's lung in Italy is underestimated They believe insufficient that this knowledge situation is due to the of the disease among General Practitioners who are the first and often istic the only clinical ones to features observe observe the character- of the disease in its acute phase --Authors abstract in Engli^i Exposure Paranasal Sinuses and Occupational Exposure to E. Merler et al Med Lavoro is" Wood Dust 87-95 March April 1981 24 refs Italian An epidemiological study was made 1969-1979 on tumours of the nasal for the perind cavities and paranasal sinuses in the Ear Nose and Thrca Departments of hospitals in the Province of Verona Out oi 25 patients with neoplasm there were 16 carcinomas and 9 epithelial epithelial tumonts Among the carcinomas there were 3 adenocarcinomas all males and all cases of wood workers Two other workers with epithelial tumours one and one undifferentiated had been ' squamous employed in wood processing industries The study was a case type investigation and was carried out by interviewing the subjects and fheir families and examining clinical files and histological specimens --Authors abstract in English 972/81 Lung Disease Due to Abuse of Hairspray J. L. Wright and D. W. Cockcroft Arch Pathol Lab Med 105 363-366 July 1981 14 refs A case of pulmonary lipid granulomat^ in as- sociarion with abuse of hairspray was studied light microscopic and ultrastructural examination of the lung biopsy specimen demonstrated d~- torted alveolar architecture with marked increase in interstitial collagen Multiple macrophages both interstitial and alveolar contained abundant Ivsosomes and lipid vacuoles | ae Seo. October 1981 Vol4u 5 m No.e 10 7 LITERATURE 2 os ABSTRACTS _ ENVIRONMENTAL ANDOCUPATIONAL a OCCUPATIONAL ~~ \s HEALTH AND a SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE : PITTSBURGH PA 15232 . INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. Production Debra A. Bowers Joy H. Henning October 1981 Volume 45 No. 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 1020 -- 1148/81 News Items 6 ec te te ee ee ER eR ee ee ee Coming Events 2 ee Legal Developments . 6 Books and Pamphlets . ee es 6 6 et ee 6. et ee te ee eee te ee ee ee ee et ee ee ee Ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee wee ee ee eH He ee Industrial Medicine 16 Skin Diseases and Burns ee - ee - e ee ee ee eet ee ee ee ee ee ee te ee eS oe Chemical Hazards . 2 0 se et te ee ee ee ee ee ee ee te ees Industrial Dusts and Inhalant 6.6 eee ee ee ee ee Physical Hazards -e 0 ee Radiation oe ee ee et ee te ee ee ee ee te Re ee ee Ee ee re eR ee Environmental Problems . 2. su ee ee ee et ee ee ee eR eR es Industrial Hygiene Preventive Occupational Health Management Engineering .' - + + Engineering + 6 ee + es ee ee ee sr ee eh rr te ee ee he er te Safety Accident Prevention - - ee ee ee er ee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ' Index .. ee te ee ee ee 6 ee ee ee ee te ee ee ee ee te Ee EH EH RR ee eee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . 6 6 6 6 et ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 1 5 5 6 9 14 14 19 23 24 24 27 27 28 28 30 33 - FEATURES The Health of Welders in Naval Dockyards Welding Tobacco Smoking and Absence Attributed to Respiratory -- Diseases Abst No. 1045/81 . . An Epidemiological Survey of Eight Oil Refineries in Britain -- Abst No. 1047/81 were Stress Its Effects on People at Work _ Abst No. 1057/81 Mortality of Nickel Workers Experience of Men Working } with Metallic Nickel ; Chromium and Nickel Aerosols in Stainless Steel Manufacturing 1 Grinding and Welding Abst No. 1074/81 Abst No. 1076/81 Mortality of United Kingdom Acrylonitrile Folymerisation ~~ Workers , ag Mechanisms of Asbestos Carcinogenesis An Epidemiologic Study of Workers Exposed to Western Red = Cedar and Other Wood Dusts Abst No. 1088/81 Abst No. 1095/81 Abst No. 1103/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest 1093/81 Acceleration of lipid Peroxidation in Human Paraquat Poisoning Internal Med 141 1169 T. Yasaka et al 1171August 1981 Arch 14 : refs A year man ingested approximately 15 to 20 mL of a 24 solution of paraquat Acute renal and liver failure developed The patient hegan under- going hemodialysis and receiving vitamin E but he died of pulmonary fibrosis the 27th day after the ingestion During a week period of observation evidence of lipid peroxidation in his serum was noted by determining malondialdehyde levels Guinea pigs exposed to paraquat showed similar patterns of malondialdehyde presence in plasma These results indicate that increased serum or plasma levels of lipid peroxide occurring in paraquat poisoning might reflect production of highly reactive oxygen free radicals and that possibly levels of ides could serve as indicators of the lipid peroxefficacy of therapy directed toward scavenging free radicals --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1094/81 The Effects of Paraquat and Superoxide Dismutase on Pulmonary Vascular Permeability and Edema in Mice S. Health 36 149 N. Giri et al 154August Arch Environ 1981 42 refs o Intraperitoneal administration of 50 kg paraquat dichloride to mice significantly increased pulmonary vascular permeability at 24 and 48 hr as measured by 125 albumin content of alveolar lavage Lung edema measured by lung weight as percent body weight was significantly increased 48 hr after paraquat treatment Intravenous administration of four doses of superoxidase dismutase at hr in- tervals i.e. one before and three after paraquat treatment failed to inhibit paraquat in- creased pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary edema Superoxide dismutase treatment also failed to reduce mortality and had no significant effect on the death time course in animals chal- lenged with paraquat The results of this study suggest that acute toxic effects of paraquat such as increased pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary edema may not be mediated through the generation of superoxide anion --Authors abstract INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 1095/81 Mechanisms of Asbestos T. Mossman and J. E. Craighead 269-280 August 1981 38 refs Carcinogenesis Environ Res B. 25 A striking synergistic effect on tumor inductioins seen when asbestos and polycyclic hydrocarbons PCH are inhaled by or instilled intratracheally into rodents This observation supports the results of epidemiologic studies indicating that the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma is increased substantially in smokers occupationally exposed to asbestos / determine the mechanisms of asbestos carcino- October 1981 genesis at the cellular level cell and organ cultures of tracheobronchial epithelium were examined morphologically and biochemically after their ex- posure to asbestos with and without the adsorption of PCH to its surfaces Asbestos was phagocytized phagocytized by the basal cells of the epithelium The mineral stimulated cellular division hyperplastic and metaplastic changes and induction of -K ATPase a marker enzyme for the plasma membrane The metab- olism of methylcholanthrene 3 MC as determined by aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase AHH activity in monolayers of epithelial cells after their exposure to both asbestos and 3 MC was potentiated A hypothetical construct depicting the role of asbestos in carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract is , presented --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1096/81 Chrysotile Asbestos Fibers in Drinking Water from Asbestos Pipe M. S. Kanarek et al Environ Sci & Technol 15 923-925 August 1981 14 refs Chrysotile asbestos fiber counts were compared in drinking water samples taken before and after flow through asbestos pipes in the San Francisco Bay area The drinking water supplies in that area . are chemically nonaggressive by the standard mea- sores In one major distribution system mean chryso- tile counts were 115 times greater in drinking water after flow through the pipe This demonstration of substantial increases in asbestos fiber courts in nonaggressive drinking water raises questions as to the validity of aggressiveness indexes for prediction of fiber release from asbestos pipes --Authors abstract reprinted by permission a 1097/81 Dry Removal of Jud Hyg Assn J. 42 refs Asbestos 624-625 D. August Elias 1981 4 ART A method for the dry removal of friable asbestos has been developed The Workplace Safety and Health Branch in Manitoba's Labour and Manpower Department and Power Vac Manitoba Limited have operated in the production of an improved procedure It was employed for the first time in the full of 1979 when the Industrial Hygiene Section was asked for advice about removal of asbestos from a Winnipeg School Division warehouse Fans were used to maintain che work area under negative pressure to prevent the spread of asbestos throughout the building The exhaust air was filtered to prevent environmental contamination and special precautions were taken to protect workers -Author's abstract reprinted by permission Industrial Hygiene Digest .098 Analyses of Tissue Blood and Urine amples from a Baboon Gavaged with Chrysotile and rocidolite Asbestos W. H. Hallenbeck et al Environ Res 25 349-360 August 1981 14 refs issue blood and ne control baboon urine samples were analyzed from one test and by transmission Lectron microscopy for the presence of chrysotile nd crocidolite asbestos The test animal had been avaged with cumulative doses of 800 mg each of hrysotile and crocidolite asbestos Urine and lood samples were collected during the day avage and day postgavage period issues were collected at sacrifice Twenty None of the nalyses of est animal tissue blood or urine samples from exceeded the expected level of back- the round contamination for chrysotile One crocidoite bundle was observed in a test sample The esults of this study indicate that asbestos fibers o not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract of the aboon and migrate to various tissues --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 099/81 Fibrous Zeolites and Endemic n Cappadocia Turkey R. Lilis J. 3 548 550August 1981 6 refs Mesothelioma Occup Med he possibility that fibrous materials other than sbestos may be responsible for the spectrum of isease classically associated with asbestos fibers aly including the carcinogenic effect seems to ave now been epidemiologically documented Thus ne bypothesis formulated by Stanton on the basis f experimental data or fibrous zeolites seems to have been confirmed Direct experimental confir- ation of fibrous zeolites carcinogenicity has ecently been reported by Suzuki Intraperitoneal iministration of the fibrous zeolite erionite in ice resulted in peritoneal mesothelioma The ossibility that environmental exposure to fibrous solites in other areas of the world and occupa- ional exposures to such materials in zeolite mining illing processing and usage might result in imilar effects needs to be actively investigated her mineral fibers with similar dimensional and ~firability characteristics should also be carefully onsidered with respect to their possible biological fects --Condensed from text .00 Changes of Copper Iron and Zinc in the erum of Patients with Silicus^>s Silicotuberculosis id Active Lung Tuberculosis T. Niculescu et al viron Res 25 260-268 August 1981 23 refs ie serum concentrations of copper iron and zinc 1 silicosis were investigated related to the ray of the disease according to the I.L.O. .age 71 pneumoconioses international classification > the T" complication and to the plasma proteins vel The determination of oligoelements and .asma proteins was performed in 15 subjects suspected ~ silicosis and in 141 silicotic patients selected + three criteria the type criterium opacity October 1981 a size P. 4 r category criterium number of opacitles 1 2 3 and TB complication criterium The doses of copper iron and zinc were also established in 28 active lung TB patients and in a control group The increase of the copper values in blood serum was noticed simultaneously with the progress of silicosis the highest change being found in the subjects with silicotuberculosis and active TB A decrease of serum iron was also re- corded parallel to the silicosis evolution as well as a hypozincemia with no variations related to the stage of the silicosis No correlations were found between the changes of the oligoclements and the changes of plasma proteins --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1101/81 Silicate Pneumoconiosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Horses from the Monterey Peninsula L. W. Schwartz et al Chest 80 855 July 1981 Supplement 10 refs Pneumoconiosis is generally associated with occupational industrial exposure or unusual behavioral habits Geographic features have been recognized in certain cases from arid or desert areas where soils are rich in silicates This report summarizes the authors experience with nine cases of granulomatous pneumonia in horses presenting with exercise intolerance and various degrees of respiratory distress All cases have originated from the Monterey peninsula or the Carmel Valley of California all cases have been spontaneous and an industrial asso- ciation has not been recognized Since animal populations are frequently used as indicators of human disease this observation of equine disease may serve as a signal for a previously unrecognized environmental disease with potential human health implications --Condensed from text 1102/81 Enzyme Changes During Experimental Silicotic Fibrosis I. PZ Peptidase and Collagen Deposition in the Lungs J. Hurych et al Environ Res 25 424-433 August 1981 24 refs In various time intervals from 2 to 22 weeks after intratracheal quartz dust instillation 25 mg DQ the content of collagen proteins deoxyribonucleic acid soluble proteins and collagen peptidase activity PZ substrate In the period from 2 to in rat lungs were 8 weeks the total estimated amount of collagen as well as enzyme activity increased in parallel In later by about 200 in comparison to periods 16 and 22 weeks after controls dust instilla- tion disproportions occurred Collagen content in silicotic lungs continued to increase the total activity of collagen peptidase in lungs started to decrease as did the specific enzyme activity There was also observed a decrease in the content of lung proteins soluble in isotonic KC1 From 6 weeks onward disc electrophoresis showed changes in the proportions of these proteins in dusted rats The changes were particularly manifest in postalbumins 20 ~ November 1981 Volume 45 No1.1 | INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST | LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL a OCCUPATIONAL 0. ANDOCUPATIONAL Sa 2 > - > HEALTH AND . SAFETY NEWS FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE = * INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. November 1981 Volume 45 No. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 1268 News Items - 2 eee ee et tet ee eh eh ES a a Coming Events eee et ee ++ sees ee rer rent Legal DevelPoapmmep nths lets Books and a Industrial Medicine +e ee ee ee eet 6-6 +e ee etre et st ee tt ne eae a Skin Diseases Burns s+ ee se et ret Chemical Hazards industrial Dusts a and Inhalants '. +--+ SS tresses ee Physical Hazards rn Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering .- ee eet eee te re Occupational Health Management Safety Accident Prevention oo. 6 + ee rrr st te er eS 0 eee eee eee a Methods Analytical Methods Index Miscellaneous 6 6 eee te ee ee ee nee eee ee eens er rr Addresses of Journals Abstracted - 6 6 ee ee ee et eee 1 & 6 8 11 15 20 25 27 27 28 28 31 34 FEATURES Health Safety and Ergonomic Aspects of Visual Display Units Long Adjustment of Circadian Rhythms to a Rotating Shiftwork Schedule . . Industrial Solvents Passage into and Some Factors Affecting Through the Skin Their Exposure to Urinary Carcinogenic Excretion of Chemicals and Smoking Mutagens in Humans Increases Formaldehyde Exposures in Work and the General Environmen:t Occurrence and Possibilities for Prevention Diverse Profiles Diisocyanate of Immunoreactivity TD1 Asthma to Toluene Fibres The Biological Effects of Mineral Fibres Determination of Synthetic Amorphous Silica in Industrial Air Samples i Abst No. 1178/81 } Abst No. 1188/61 } Absu No. 1200/81 - Abst No. 1205/81 -- Abst No. 1214/81 _ Abst No. 1224/81 -- Abst No. 1226/81 I Abst No. 1260/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest not be permitted to work at heights greater than * 1.7 m from ground level unless there is built physical protection to prevent the employee from falling a distance greater than his or her height The epileptic should not be permitted to operate hazardous or mobile equipment and in fact should not work immediately adjacent to such equipment Such work restrictions should be applied for at least two years after onset of the seizure disorder The restrictions may be removed if the employee is free of seizures for one year once the year limit has been reached Consideration should be given to work restrictions when the patient is rreeampovpeldyinfgrom medication or if the medication is to be changed It is important that application or reapplication of restrictions must be deter- mined by the physician's knowledge of the employee and the employee's reliability as well as past history of control --Condensed from text SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS 1199/81 Measurement of Blood Flow and Vascular Permeability Changeisn Respouse to 12-0 Tetradecanoyl Tetradecanoyl and to Asbestos Fibers J. A. Hamilton et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 205-214 August 1981 36 refs tetradecanoyl- The hyperemia increased blood flow and vas- cular permeability changes induced in rabbit skin by the tumor promoter and by asbestos fibers have phorbol been quantitated The resultant hypermia measured with radioloabeled microspheres was inhibited in both cases by steroidal and nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs Since the inflammatory responses resulting from exposure to these agents might be important for the subsequent development of neoplasms it is . proposed that such a specific and quantitative technique be used to analyze the components of these inflammatory responses in more detail --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1200/81 Industrial Solvents Some Factors Affecting Their Passage into and Through the Skin M.G. Bird Ann Occup llyg 24 2 : 235-244 1981. 35 refs There which are numerous skin contact industrial applications in with solvents may occur An of the main factors which determine awareness the passage of such materials into and through the skin is important in order to fully utilize , and not abuse its protective rele in the occupational situation illustrated by reference These factors are to some of the data and available in the existing literature concepts has been made to Whenever possible an attempt link these observations to the applied situation and to highlight those factors and the which should be minimized in good combination November 1981 industrial hygiene practice --Author's abstract by permission reprinted 1201/81 Cross Reactions Between Some Pesticides and the Fungicide Benomyl in Contact Allergy K. Aoyama Ind T. Matsushita and Health 19 2 77-83 1981. 17 refs To clarify the cross sensitivity between the fungicide benomyl and some other pesticides animal experiment and a field survey were undertaken 1. About 20 of female farmers an who had not used benomyl showed positive reactions Lo % benomyl in patch tests From the results of patch tests cross reactions between benomyl and such pesticides as Diazinon Saturn Dacasil and Bordeaux were considered to occur 2. The results of guinea pigs maximization tests that cross icactions occurred between suggested Diazinon Kitazin benomyl and such pesticides as P Daconil and Bordeaux It may be concluded that the fungicide benomyl shows contact aller- gic cross reactions with some other pesticides --Authors abstract CHEMICAL HAZARDS and 1202/81 Cadmium Absorption Tissue Distribution in Rats Provided Low Concentrations of Cadmium in Food or Drinking Water D.R. Buhler et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 185-197 July 1981 18 refs Tissue Cd levels were determined 1,2,4,8 and 12 wk after weanling rats were provided with109 110909 food or water containing 1-1000 ng Cd as No differences in growth rate or organ CJC12 weight were observed over the concentration range tested Kidney accumulated the highest concentration of Cd followed by liver with values third to fourth those found in the kidney Liver however accounted for 35- 55 of the total body burden while kidney contained only 35-45 Cd concentrations in the various tissues increased with time and the Cd concentration of the food or water The per- centage of the ingested dose time was relatively constant absorbed over the in a given tested C~ concentration range However for each metal concentration the percent of Cd absorbed decreased with exposure time Regression analysis established that female rats accumulated Cd at a higher rate and retained a greater percentage male rats and that of the tissue ingested Cd than did concentrations were higher in rats exposed to Cd in the water This differences in tissue Cd levels are probably related to proportionally higher metal intake by erules and to higher intake from water than ford at equivalent concentrations L , uncertain whether the preater retention ed invested Cd by females is due to more effisent 15 Industrial Hygiene Digest of Candida albicans than the tale The enhanced fibrogenicity has been attributed to the ad- juvant activity of kaolin with polysaccharide glucan component of Candida --Authors abstract 1226/81 Fibres 24 2 The Biological J.M.G. Davis 227-234 1981 Effects of Mineral Ann Occup Hyg 29 refs The history of asbestos disease and results of research into the ways in which the asbestos fibres are able to damage tissue are reviewed Although crocidolite has been ac- cepted as constituting a particularly great hazard and is subject to a more stringent hygiene its use standard that has effectively terminated in the U.K. experimental studies on animals have not proved it to be more carcino- genic react than chrysotile differently from It is possible that rats humans but more likely possibilities are that in past industrial usage crocidolire produced higher dust concentrations than amosite or chrysotile and that chrysotile is less durable than crocidolite in the lungs over the 10-20 yr that tumour induction takes in man Other mineral fibres both natural and made have come under study and there is some evidence from laboratory experiments that they may produce similar effects to asbestos if of comparable size The posicion for made insulation fibres appears relatively good and the results of studies of human populatious exposed to glass fibre have so far been negative While not all mineral fibres may constitute a health hazard if used industrially there is enough evidence of that all new types potential harm to indicate of Sibre should be subjected to careful testing --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1227/81 Asbestos Related Pulmonary Disorders in Japan 1. Ebihara J. Science Lab 57 363-396 Aug. 1981 101 refs Japanese In this study chest radiographs of 11,000 persons over 65 yr old collating with the life and after evaluation of were examined before history of each person each radiograph the life especially past asbestos exposure-- was collated with the radiographical findings However exposure to or contact with asbestos was ascertained in each case with pleural plaque These results seem to suggest that the diagnostic standard for pleural palacqcueeptaadbolpetedIt in this study was reasonable and was noteworthy that pleural plaques were fre- quently confirmed by oblique radiography even in those whose posterio ray film seemed to be normal As many other researchers the author is also of the opinion that pleural plaques can occur with dose or short asbestos exposure Moreover it should be emphasized that pneumoconiotic lung change viz asbestosis can also occur term after November 1981 low dose or short asbestos exposure Ventilatory impairments were frequently noted among old persons who had a history of occupational asbestos exposure even if they had no asbestotic pleural changes Restrictive ventilatory changes have been considered to be the most important respiratory impairment due to asbestos exposure however it should be em- phasized that obstructive matous functional changes changes and emphysecan frequently occur after asbestos exposures Restricmany years tive and obstructive ventilatory impairment was more prevalent and more serious among persons with pleural plaques than those without these changes Even at present asbestos disorders are frequently observed respiratory old persons living in the metropolitan among of the fact that the area When we take account of asbestos rapidly increased since 1960 import asbestos health hazards must hereafter spread more widely and become more serious in the metropolitan area --Author's abstract . in English 1228/81 Asbestos Concentrations in Public Buildings ~- A Preliminary Report J.M. LeGuen and G. Burdett Ann Occup Hyg 24 185-189 1.981 6 refs concentrations were measured Airborne asbestos concentrations by a variety of sampling and analytical techniques in 4 schools 2 other educational establishments 5 houses a theatre and a television containing studio in all of which asbestosconstruction materials had been used At some sites these materials had been damaged to expose visible fibres but in no case did asbestos concentrations exceed airborne occupational 10 m roughly 0.02 of the hygiene standard for chrysotile in the three cases where the TEM 3 or 10fl m was used Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1229/81 Lung Instantaneous Constant in Smokers and smokers Exposed to Asbestos F. Lavoro 72 Sulotto 222-226 et al Med June 1981 15 refs Italian although t Lung instantaneous constant has been cal- culated from flow volume curves of 4 groups of subjects 18 smoking asbestos workers 18 non- smoking asbestos workers 14 exposed sub- jects 16 smoking exposed subjects Al the subjects had normal clinical findings and X- Ray PA Films Asbestos workers showed VC and FEV significantly lower than exposed 1.0 the mean values for each group were within normal predicted values The joint additive effect of asbestos and smoking as well as the individual effects of boch were statis- tically significant of MEF even though all values were within the range of normality. related to constant Among the parameters Industrial Hygiene Digest measurement only the mean value showed a significant separation of smokers and non- smokers No difference was found between asbestos and exposed subjects --Authors abstract in English 1230/81 Inorganic Fibers in Lung Tissue from Patients with Pleural Plaques or Malignant Mesothelioma B. Cylseth et al Scand J. Work Environ June 1981 12 refs 7 109-113 ~ The concentration of inorganic fibers in the lungs of patients with malignant mesothelioma . and pleural plaques has been compared to that of patients without cancer or chronic respi- diseases The fiber concentrations have ratory been determined by scanning electron microscopy and given as number of fibers per gram of dried tissue A statistically significant difference in inorganic fiber content was found between the different groups -Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1231/81 Effects of Mixed Cotton and Synthetic Fiber Dusts on Ventilatory Capacity of Textile Mill Workers D. Parvizpour and F. Shadan Med Lavoro 72 198-203 June 1981. 13 refs 162 smoking male weavers in a textile mill working with a mixture of fibers were recruited for cotton and synthetic the assessment of FVC lung function by performing forced expiratory flows and volumes FVC PFVC PFEV1 and were all reduced but were still within FEV1 normal limits while the expiratory flow FEF25-75 FEF25-75 PFEF25-75 showed a greater decrease with values slightly below normal This slight decrease in response to exposure to . mixed dust indicates that dust produced by synthetic fibers does not have the same adverse FEF25-75 effects as cotton dust FEF25-75 is recommended as a sensitive test PFEF25 75 for the assessment of ventilatory function impairment in textile mill workers exposed to mixed dust --Summary 1232/81 Prediction of Fibrogenicity Degree Dust in Relation to of Containing Surface Properties of Particles T.B. Velichkovskaya et al Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 6 34-36 1981. 2 refs Russian The degree of Fibrogenicity of quartz dust was revealed to correlate with physicochemical of the particles The most im- properties of contain- portant hygienic parameters ing dust determining the degree of their fibrogenicity are the mass of the current dust free quartz dioxide content molecular structure and chemical properties of the particles surface These parameters may November 1981 be used for prediction of fibrogenicity of quartz dust --Authors abstract in English 1233/81 Morphogenesis of Anthracoric Tuberculosis N.Z. Slinchenko Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 7 14 171981 31 refs Russian ry A morphological histochemical and bacterivlogic study was performed of the material from 100 miners who died from and 1032 miners operated on for various forms of tuberculosis siderosilicosis and silicotuberculosis Special attention was paid to the development of anthracotic tuberculosis as a united process that permitted a morphologic study anatomic structures of the disease of the main and allowed the author to determine the reasons for and ways of its progression The changes detected are viewed from the standpoint of immunopathol- ogy of the above diseases Author's abstract in English 1234/81 Biochemical Changes in Rat Lungs After Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide J.J. Ospital et al - J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 47-58 July 1981 41 refs Sixty male specific pathogen rats were exposed continuously to 5 or 15 ppm NO for 1-7 d Lung tissue from exposed and control rats was then analyzed for biochemical and enzymatic parameters The exposure resulted in increased lung enzymatic activities including elevated protein and DNA contents and nonprotein sulfhydryl levels Biochemical and enzymatic ' parameters generally Increased maximally after 4 d and remained elevated for up to d of continued increases exposure was higher The for magnitude of these 15 than for 5 ppm NO2 The increases in biochemical parameters may have occurred and enzymatic in response to NO2 induced lung injury --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1235/81 Effects of Sulfuric Acid and Nitrogen Dioxide on Airway Responsive- ness of et al the Guinea Pig S.A. J. Toxicol Environ Silbaugh Health ; 8 31-45 July 1981. 37 refs Hartley guinea pigs were exposed for 1 h to . either NO2 gas or H2S04 aerosul and examined for changes in airway responsiveness to Inhaled histamine Concentrations ranged from m 7 to 146 ppm NO2 and 4 to 40 H2S04- One of animals exposed to filtered air served group as controls Histamine challenges were per- formed on unanesthetized animals 2 h before pollutant or air exposure baseline and 10 m^>n and 2 and 19 h after exposure exposed 22