Document DvqLprYB5Y7eB5NmX4megY2ZB

guWfW'P vm 1 \. * - ' V,'. - A UU HUUPJWWglP gu j n.ypi *njywj.j 'j mu iu pp hU2^02 I ^'iiriffir ftfvift''r>,i-tfiaTa<~.~iifc'arrt.*i w. n r ~ n"Vrt In ! .1 *. rViffnW r LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION O EAST 4t STREET NEwromc 17, pi. 3 . :j m 1 i - . .. June J, 1959 SUBIECTt BEPROT TECH ------------------- *re55~'mB57bmTlor To Mtabera of tho Lead Industrie* Association! Wo oro pleased to attach a reprint of an article on the nee of red lead paints tgr the Hev Tork City Transit Authority that appeared in the March, 1959, issue of "Mass Transportation.* Ve are planning to send this reprint to o<r nailing list of orer 9*500 Individuals and companies interested in paints and painting practices. The article * is prepared tgr V, t. Schlager, Jr. Assistant General Superintendent _n Charge of Maintenance of Way, Sew Tork City Transit Authority, at the suggestion and with the asaistaice of the lead Industrie* Association and its publicity agency, which was response ble for securing its publication. This is a part of our over-all advertising and publicity prograa. Additional copies ere available on request. Very truly yours. r mm V.U221*03 w r .j ^a^gaaiafchtiiifeii^iSi^tariSBfififiail^SiPsf'a5iiri iirirtf^V'iifi'-imfTi i - lefthn it~i ifiiStir-ki The Reprinted from MASS TRANSPORTATION Morch. 1959 MAINTENANCE Department Helpful articles for the busy bus shop superintendent *tfi.il i m i irfeli THE NEW YORK Gty Transit Authority ho* the responsibility of operating a municipal railway system that annually transports 1.4 billion passengers, three times os many as all the rest of the roilroods in the U.S. It is forbidden by law to operate at a loss. Obviously, 0 good housekeeping is essential to the TA's success. And in this, nothing has paid off better than the judicious use of highly protective, long-lasting, economical lead based paints. For the complete story on their structural painting, turn the page. Distributed by UAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, 60 East 42nd Street, New York 17, New York t m. u pgtwyy Wi! ?w-~ N 1950.01 f F-" * w w"" 'IWWIM'11' 'Jl^ruv ------^ LIA22A0A They Maintain A Road Forbidden * to Lose Money New York Gty Transit Authority depends on the protection of lead based paints for structures of the gigantic elevated system By W. L Schlager, Jr. Aiiiitont Gmrl SoptrinHndenl bt Chorp* if MeinftMiKi of Wty N#v Turk City Transit Awtbonty THE PEOPI.E of the Oh- of Xw York own tlie 725 miles of running track that cam- thrm under' grornd and overhead in tlirir community. Tliey leased tiie entire system to ! New York Ci*y Transit Authjrity in 1933 for a period of 10 years. And tlicv t&idr a law; the TA must optTate the transit fa* sitliin Its operating income. It Is no exaggeration to say that the job is a dtallcnging one. The running tack h more than enough to link Now York and Chicago, 713 mile* apart. Hie city's transit properties cost almost S3 billion to construct, purenase. and equip. But bv conservative estimate replacement value at todays piicrs would be at least twice that much. Tlie tail* way syrtm annually carries 1.4 billion passenger*, tiinr times as many as all (is* rest of the railroads hi tlm US. carry. Tlie pliuical organization of this sprawling plant dorsr/t )n*ip maths*, like Topsv, New York s trans portation art<*rirs ~Just gruwra/ branching out Iran* tit-ally to meet rxigoyVt of tlc times, draigiad iu Irtmxmy with the technology of tin* times. Rrst "B" Ran in 1869 The metnfiolis was concnitrated at tl*e soutUm tip of Maiduittan at the end of tlie Civil war. The first cheated train, steam motivated, was put Into operation in IhfvH, and within two year* was ex tended to mid-town Manhattan, spreading IIk * metrop olis ahmg beneath K. AftiT that, ctMnjtftiiig interests buih steam loco motive lines (m ek'vattd strut tun** or, pasture laud and timber stands l;i nort'ieni Manhattan and Brook lyn, cnnlident that the population would grim rapidlv whmner transjsortalion was available. And tiny were proven light. Tlie first rhxiric-powerrd subway train made Its maiden run iu 19Ch . Therraftif, city-built subway* leased to private operator* burrowed a maze of tun nels brnrath Manhattan. Tlie Bronx. Brooklyn, and Queens. As predicted, the population to support tliem developed swiftly. But so did costs. 3y the rod of World War t, it was becoming apparent that no private operator could run rapid transit linos m New York at a profit A lengthy history of political and legislatiw maneuver culminated in cits* ownership of the elevated and underground sapid transit system and the creation of the TA. Tlut history hardly males a community planned transit svstrro" Most of tlie elevated structure, which curries &07.90 miles of r.mtiing track, was built to support the belching coal burner* operated by inde pendent businessmen 50 and more yean ago. Mast of this structure has hem subjected for iranv years to the tx< dirt)*, acid abuse of and*mt steam loco motives. But commercial and residentLai building has pro liferated below*, alicve, and on aU sides of tlie transit arteries, which are interwoven among a tangle of electric, communication, gas. water, sewage, and o IIk t utility conduits. Beal estate values liave climbed Into tlie blue sky. Costs liave soared. To rvlniikl tl*e transit rvvtem according to a master plan b not to tie Umught of. Paints Prasarvt Otd Structural Our Ji'b, then, ii to preserve tlie structure at It stand*. Outdoor itructures are exposed to wratlirr, salt spray, railway and industrial smoke containing tlie gamut of acids and alkalis, road dust and dirt, tar. grease, and oiL The only economical way to prrMTW the steel in this liostilc environment is to paint. Lead liased paints haw been our defense since a time previous to our earliest maintenance records, t least 50 wart ago. Thrv are our defense today. Tale a good example, live 1RT Corona line tha* e 2 Tw/rgieev'ijii mm l IA22^05 -------*~w- --- '-`" -'Vf^-'V' lir'ftr runs out to the 1940 Workfs Fair rite wu last piloted In 1931 At tlut time it was given a single prime cout of red Irad paint When st repainted the line tills summrr, 28 years later, we found the steel sur* face In excellent condition. For die most part, it was fust dirty, with only occasional, srnaD patches of light rust There was an exception. Where the line passes high above the tracks of the Long Island Railroad, corrosion was more severe, though by no means critical. This has been attributed to smoke from steam engines, probably high in acid content Tale a horrible example, the old BMT Myrtle Avenue line in Brooklyn. Our records don't go oack far enough to s *k j w when it arms Ust painted, but it must liave been all of 50 years ago. That's long enough for flic oils to dry out of the paint. And Its long enough ago to include years n service with steam locomotives. Structure Remained Sound When we repainted this summer, we found exten sive corrosion, heavy rust on bearing plates. We replaced damaged rivets and angles. But the struc ture, protected In' red lead primer, was stdl sound. Evaluation: the primer gave all the protection you cculd have expected from any, other than exotic, material In view of the length and t)pe of exposure. Salt spray attacks structures situated near sea water, as some of our lines are. This Is perhaps the most damaging of all the abuse we encounter. Red lead primer stands up under It as weQ as anything that has been available at reasonable cost In mxnt yean, we've been applying red lead primer at tlie rate of about 14,500 gallons per year. Total surface requiring the primer is about three million square feet Our experience has taught us that red lead exhibits superior resistance to rusting under the finish coat, that H fa the best wetting primer available, and that It Is highly effective over xuriaces tlut are difficult to dean properly. IA Specifies Red teed Following are our specifications for red lead paint (Funnula M-l): - Pigment Perceutag* Dev red lead (95',S grade) 78.14 Vrh&r Raw Umetd od 13.37 Boiled linseed uit 6.74 Drier M-2 0.62 Turpentine 1.13 FAINT mt W Hi to mw al mrfiw tfca--flifa mI --fa. TA *! cawnawHr e*f citoefc li Hi to m iW Fitoto -- ncto* mH fifW We further specify that the drier be dear and free of sediment or suspended matter and that it mix in the volume proportion of one part of drier with 19 parti oil without curdling. It fa further re quired tlut this mixture, wl*en flowed on glass, shall dry within 18 hours. New Formula Looks Evan Batter Our engineers are actively searching for better ways to do things. This search directed us to ao improved red lead formulation which we began using in 195$, red lead-red oxide primer (Formula M-S0). Our specifications for this material follow; Pigment Minimum Maximum Percentage Percentage 74^ Red Lead (ASTM DS3-41, 95 grade) 744) lOO.CO^ (Standard weight is 5 pounds 12 ounces per gallon.) We further require that pigment, linseed oils, and turpentine meet curmit ASTM requirements and that tlw paint dial! dry hard within 24 hours. The drier (Formula M-2) fa a mixture in the pro portions of 20 pounds of dr)* red lead, 15 pounds of 85 per cent grade manganese dioxide, 50 gaHorw of raw linseed oil and 50 gallons of turpentine. Red lead and linsed oil must be vanifah makers grade. Red lead and manganese dioxide are dis SUMAC! H* cftowW to ns iVnep will* lW I solved in linseed oil by boiling. The mixture is then titinned with turpentine. HV k Ntv YuV* n #r im ton*U tort tot--*--to-- ctsomtmo--W (UiN to t*W* witotrt mw I| frtrt 3 -Xv!JJ"4TlJ;>U,VUiL.*.! uiftuff LIA22406 Bed Oxide (ASTM DM-51. CLu II) sajo Ahiminuni stearate 1.0 iWiir/c Sk? *Ss*nthebe min solids 22-0 Uraced OO (TT-0369) S1.0 Volatile (TT-T-29la, Grade 1) 367 Driers (TT-D-643b, Types 1,11, 111) 05 Ghcrryl phthalate, 4! plus or mtriui 2 prf rmt. liikMvd t\pr (TT-H-3fifia. Tspr 111). Standard weijdit b 22.0 pixiixU p*r galkai, Tlir primer must tin* hard within 24 }iuun. Advantages of tliis material arr: (1) It dries *n quickly, a (ad alikh we npd to m Mint'd in lostr bids. (2) It Is more durable, often snprrinr protection against sah >prav and wx-allirring. (3) It k %uZV appikd, aixdxr fad whhh we crjiftl to mv Mhxlid in limit bids (4) U is economical. We rxpxt In g1 an mu higlxr ratio <4 cfftxtiscixrs to cisst with flits material than nr gi< using the M l formulaUnn. Tliis is follow'd In a finish nut if tint'd aluminum paint made to our formula M-21-1. Paint Samples Analyzed by TA The TA rx*itlxr make* twir steers its own paint maiirisli join arr sjxxilxxl tm a pk'trmrsil luvk ami Imlt imitid. 11m* km* lmltUr, pmvhhd Ir can demiMtitrate rtptkitiT and financial rrspomilHUtv, b award'd tin' 14*1. He selects his wmrir if supply among paint maiMifactunrs, subject to TA aipinj of his choicr. TA <D|*irK'n fake umifis if (lie paint as It is maim* factor'd ami hast* it anaKml at tlr TAV lalxmitiiriis at 9(i0 Carroll Street, HnmLbn. If it fails to meet TA ipvifk*utiiHii, it is nfstd. Mrxe llun HD jx*uple arr employed fir Miunr materials in%|stimt slur, Our graV'gresi finhli mat (Formula M*ll) U ipd* fird as follows; figment frrrrn/agr Carbntufte white lead 24.0 Hade sulfate w*hlt< lead J 2.0 Zinr oakle 1S.0 Tinting rotor. 1- Silica 2.4 Mugnciiiun (JUrttr 2.4 I'rklrlr B linwrd oil nrirrM-2 9M 12 loo.o'-; Standard wHglit Is 13 pounds, 6 miners ptT gallon. Tinting pigments (extra hglif vrikrw oxide uf Iron, raw umixT, (mx-li ochrr. and lam|>14iA) most be Uud'd to standard color with chnane usidc (green) or nlitlulcyaniix* green. And tlie paint must dry hard witltia IS hours. Rust Removed to Briqht Motel Surfacr pnporthin of the mrtal b Important All loow paint scale, calcination, nut, dirt, and nmdrd material mini be removed with wire brushes and scraptrs. Mlntr nut apprars. surface must lx* ck anrd tknvu to lure itxlal. All this work must lie skate by hand, sincr sandblasting hi tlse cnmskd areas in aliich we must operate migM lead fto espeushv damage suits. At the discretion of the* TA, if surfact's arc* wet the contract'* may he ns(uim) to treat some surfaces prior to paihling In* wiping with a ckith tlut has been dipptd in a 1:1 rnixtun' '4 Uu/iir and turpentine, la this caw*, tlir nrinxT must br apptxd when thr clrantug mixture b almost but nut altogHhrr dry*. in aMtthin hi tlir special pruldcrm already eourm-rated, tie painting ad tlx* ek*vated structures pisniti Kxml utlx*r diifk-uhk's ixit nxtmntend on most other job: Stirgr (h-mond fur rapid transit in \*w Yuri nukes it savrssarv for us to |uint while tiebt transportation uinduk-v are ml witlxxrt tutrmjptxxi nr dekix. This piitib up tlir value of point materials that are easily ami iiukib rpplinL Imkvnri't weather must hr* taken into tnmklrratkin. \Ye prohibit structural painting Ixlwvtii tVum!i" IS am! March IS. when weather H wet or damp ur when tlx* hmperaturr b Ixknv 40 F. Finish c<nxt must not U* anplxd until jxitrxT is dried lard. Tlx* xahsr of 'piki-drying paint is apjsarcnt in litis o x x ms Ix x i. Pair CycU Worked Out Frtan tlx* foregoing, it mmt br rvhkiit tlut wane ksigths of lux' are suliptled to itmch more alone tlun otlx-rs aid wviuld nspiirc inurx* \igitai4 mainInawr, parlkutarly tlxro* parsing nrar mu water, lint, dm* In public imwtsliip if tlx* transit ssstem. H is imjnwNibL* to w^xk <rt an opiitabU' nwiintivuiKY wlxdub* tlut p-rmits prfTmlial tiratrxnt fie par* tkulor M'igldx*rlMxxts. Wc must lx* cxmtetit with Uie compromise of hk-ntical maintruance schedules ia aU ysHgnlxxlxxKls. WV are xjx-ndiiig money that Is wf cxir awn and that iiHist lx* uud f.x tlx' jxiUic gixxi. Our Ixidgrts must lx made up very carefulh*. We must he sure tlut rx mnmy b wast'd atxl tlut all nvxxy b spent w Ik t t It will do tlx* must gtxxl. For this rrason. we cann>4 ponkle superfliHXii muintnunce in one nrighUj h m1 fust Ixxxuse mahitenaiicp rrcjnlrrmriits are bm\y in anotlwr neighborhood. 4 9BW* Wfyci*'mi m IiH'n m