Document Dvq7Y2xw2oYyR4LxxxpM68a2n

1948 Standard Oil '* D* ?or Jo^crrsa: lcr to Members of k ?. J Medical Advisory C omit tee - He* For Pucl lost icr ^"TeXHIBIT I* API-52 44 * INDUSTRIAL WORE CLOTHES : THE IB PROVISION AND LAUKIBBING * t * By ROT S. BOHSIB, M.A.; K.M. * * Industrial. Eygienlrt, Standard Cil Co. (N. J,) * ** 4*l*4**4#44444#4#*tt4 ' v JANUARY 26th, 1948 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT STANDARD OIL COMPANY (H.J 30 Rockefeller Plata Hew York 20, N. Y. I 0 __ tTstfMf ,fichh Pet*elea I*-*118 fk# ** infirm*4lrt* ijQf A.P.~1. Medical Advisory Coanjfree - Wot For Pub11oat i< (Tor Information to Mexfre IEDtSTBIAI WDHZ CLOTHES '"EE 3 F^cnSIOH AND LAUBDERIBG J?gv ' By F.CT S BCSEI3, M.A. ; E.M, Industrial Hygienist, Standard Oil Co, (R.J.) Modern petroleum technology and the production cf synthetic hydrocarbon mate; have introduced a number of cexpounds and processes which nay adversely affect the health of workers unlrss certain precautionary measures are practiced. Among then* precautionary measures which are receiving ever-increasing consideration, at tbe time. Is the issuance of inlustrial work clothing to enployees and the Installation plant laundry facilities to insure that such clothing io properly, cleaned end maini Appropriate work clothes, properly fitted and maintained, play a prominent part, in an mdusxrial vork&r'.s health and efficiency. This is especially true when persons are working T.rith more or less toxic or carcinogenic materials or where cleanliness is ' a factor in the maintenance of product quality. Consequently, B&J07 of the more pro- *X2 greselve industrial organizations, such ae S-.X. duPont de Kesours It' Company, the `f Cyanaald Company and the Borden Company, have for years supplied their employees vlthl work clothing and have motituted a laundry service. * . ... _ Mere than twenty years' experience has definitely shown that th$f pnactloe' *substantial dividends, both-finaneiai as veil as improved public sad employee At the same time, there hae been very little difficulty or reeexrtmenb resulting.,, the provision of work clothes and their laundering on the part of e09ld7ee.s_.la ' not receiving this service nor from loc al outside laundries and m. e- rcTh. an't's.- - L ' . In order to obtain definite data as to tbe practical aspects of providing wort; clothing and the operating of plant laundries, visits have been made to the Cheat* Works of the duPcnt Company at Deep Water, lev Jersey; American Cyanaald' Company Calco Chemicals Division's plant at Bound Brook, Bev Jersey; and Borden1 faxi^ Division laundry at East Rev York, Kew York. The information obtained during .visits is herewith briefly auamarlred: . .. . ' _ ` y I s S U A N C E ay. I H D D S T B II I' ; W 0 HZ c loVi^s ' ..... , ~ ... -v , _.. 7 * /* Work clothes are usually issued upon requisition from the employee's foremax^ supervisor st a atore-rooa al-oaa end of the Xaployee ferries Building (Veqh and Rooms) or adjacent thereto* : -There appears to be no uniform practice as to the ' clothing supplied idling obviously is determined by the nature of the/mexf'e woj garmocts make WJ&i&g&zr bulk of the clothing, vlth the exception of men working with acjfli^fenav given wool e^lrta. . . . * In order usually kept, of the American keeping records Of clothes issued, a 3" * 5" card -t le of such a card Is this doe used at the Bound Brook Conpaay; - :. / '* ' * *- \*ta -' ' 'j. - j"-"'. ov^- ^ *' A. m 1 ' : T**l-r^sV j I-.* ' * - :*' . * .VttfrV'mj - ; . . - - --'V. -^r4&tr* - 1 i- ' * v *flS o uicci. .^v-cV* -' ~---s (2) m Tirr? J.xplcj:'d' Locker Bo. h'oti:-i To ?ayaaster Chest Waist Log Back . : J ytmper ' Chost T) j | j Waist a- 1/verelj.s leg Back Underwear Shirt | Its j ------- Drawers i-t Sigh. jjgplvrat Chambers Work: Upon caplcyaent all operators and maintenance men are given tvb- pairs of trousers, tvo shirte , tvo Buits of long underwear, two-large towels (' a cake of soap and a pair of vc-cdec-soled sandals. These sandals are; warn vl to, from ftTin trising shower bathe. They are obtained from the Beeee Wooden Company, Cciucbv?, Kebrasha r:ari :oet about fifty cent ah-a pair. fjpcn requi*t: nie foreman, m employe* receives two new towels every six weeks and a .new cal every ~.vc %-oln. The firs'* iaoue of clothing is free after which, employee is ^ with two new xanuee a year a* half price, 'upon requisition frctt/the foreman,: Ali clothing rontcriinated or iraa-jed to such an extent that it Bust be discarded;la'' rep.aced nt Conpany expense r Clothing supplied to: employees moat "be'returned whin are terminated. *r ' -. % '' ' * -* * Bound Brook Plant: Originally til production men were given cover-alls, uhdei soap and towels but recently tha Union has insisted that this service be extended maintenance non. Three seta of clothes are furnished a year. A setinoludostwx?,, of drawers \ winter or summer weight), Wkuit* of `long-sleeved `uoder-ahlrts {viirtejj or summer weight), tvo suits of cover-alls or* ivo-disagBiee* and two' jackets.' this clothing had to be paid for over three pay-days, but It is now free. Tha are "heavy duty" 22 inches by St* inches in alee'. The underwear is Utica Bnilrtibg Company, flexible rib, steam shrunk.' The cover-all are "Araj Surplus* or *fts*aCLlXK0- '* Overalls frca Patpreon, lev Jersey. All clothing Is .stencilled vith the s^plbgree^ttV ''heck number irf3Mfc?Eercules Indelible*Ink, obtained. froaB. Kbhneiasn lr Company, _ # 63-91 Park PlllflflHrt^l'ork, B.T. at $4.90 per quart. This Ink is especially effective! ae it will "humorou.s ' w, a~shin-gs. - - .. ~ - . ' ov-- '* - ' ' Berdan OtaiforaB, - taicnalli, coats;'pants, aprons; caps and towalkare;^ furnished frev plant men 'Production Workers), platform men, foremen;, whole- **^ sale drivers and laboratory technicians*. Towels and smocks *are supplied to office* emp^oy^ee fc bbl in the Printing Shop. ` Gkdfma tad towel*'are changed-daily*.' j lAUBpEBIBG^.p^I RA T I 0 I J .? Plant Laundries are electricity ' are readily usually located where the utiiitlOs'(water! accessible for example, in one corner of tte , gab an<P Btaplojee'jl .. mA Service Building (wash and locker rooms) such as at the Bound Brook Plant of this Calfii Chemicals Division of the American Cyanamld Ccompany qi* tn a separate e/r-V .the 30 ft. x 60 ft. corrugated iron building at tlm Chambers Works of the dnPont ' Company. Borden laundry for the KetropolltanArea"IS a yart `of tfal.Atlantic**^ Avenue Pasteurising Plant. ' - . . `. v;- MS?> 1; s t3) FUI?HSST - The necessexy laundry equipment depends upon the type aad quantity.1 cf verk clothed to he procassed. Most cotton end vcolen work.clothe* with the exoaptj of vtito unlfMilSj ere simply vochod end dried and cot ironed. The necessary eqi 18 listed beXy^- ', Cd-'ittere Itairhs: One -,2" x 72" Trey Premier Washer (2 sections) manufactured bjy the American Laundry Machinery Company, Capacity 300 lbs, dry clothes. Deed foT~.y^" overalls, coveralls, Jackets, etc. One 36" x 54" Washer (2 sections} aanufactured^, by the Trey Manufacturing Company. Capacity 200 lbs. dry clothes and used for towels and socks. .> One 40" x l6" Mercury Extractor, manufactured by the Troy Manufacturing Company and has a capacity of 225 wet clothes. One 26" z 10M Extractor manufactured by the Anarlean Laundry Company and has a capacity of 75 lbs. of underwear per hour. Tbaai centrifugal extractors remove approximately 50 percent of the water during the 15 minutes operating time. Both extractors, are equipped with safety devices Which prei covsre from being opened when machines are in operation. " <. One 40" x 64" Dryer and two 36" x 90" Dryers manufactured by the American let Machinery Company. The two dryere uee farced steam-heated air and each dri.ee 225 pounds of vet clothes per hour & .-a "temperature of IQgPt. Wool Clothes are hangers and dried slowly overnight Inn steam-heated {3 radiators) plant room at a temperature of about 130T. This room can handle about 206 pounds clothes per day. - 1. ' * '* ' * ` "* `f ' ^ _ v ' . * -rt \ " ` '* `*-- Bound Brook' Plant:' One 42" x 64" Jforeood Washer end two 42" x^!$4" Boxwood Washers manufactured by the American laundry Machinery Company. One yom and onia Botrux Extractors manufactured by the American laundry Machinery Ccsqpsnyv - Twelde Zone-Air Dryers manufactured by the American* laundry Machinery Company. ibis also has an overhead monorail system for transporting laundry from the washers to' extractors and then to the dryers,, ' -..V "t v-` ` :. .. - Bordon Company: Four Stainless Steel Smith Drum Washers made'by'tbs 4aSrl< Laundry Machinery Company,*) Three Extractare mads by the Avriosn LazaadryMacbJ Ccsqpeny. One More lone XByeiv-'Ali' of 'this equdpnmt. has been in service about . *. ' -~jr -w. " - - V ' ' ^fv Modern EeruipmegtT .jP^jdeiwhle in^adrees bas Been mBde during ' " ' " design of laundry machinery Tor high productioe sterile-clean washing wltl possible of^t* la push-buttea controlled. r Mere, art exasq>les of Company, C zzt^jftov being manufactizred by thb American' Lfiaadry* *; *V`.: A{+***$& lddhottdst pqeaib^aHtme."^ Self contained -- iwqufitt^ a ^Uipnant; orby&lMBBBifr* unit for operation/ Btieini^bi^^^ ------- ------ ./^adiBg^partm eocloeed for. safety.- Full-skirted. front- ends gutter-splash end soapy fldoxw* Proved design'' save*`supplies?- 7 steam and water* Built to do the Job better, faster, at laaa >cdt$v ^ M?,,; Dees AC 220 volts/ cycle, .3 phase electric power. Price* f.e.b. CladisnatAst? 42" x jkn with *4 IP motor. Capacity 225 Ibei/dxy elotfced/' " 42" x 04" with 7 SP aotor-, '^ Ibsr ^ clatl*^ ___ . ___ - - ' */>* *.>, ` ' "CASCADE AUTOMATIC CdPTBOL" is flmlgrml for use as. h companion V V.<-' v-V^ ' any American Can cade Washer, to-'automatically perfoxm all cperatlonie^ the beet predetezminad washing formula. it'saves, weahman. 59 operations. Pries f.o.b. Cincinnati ~for P)illnmafig^ for Semi-Automatic Control, *9^00r.' :.vv;;'^3^*3 ' ' '" - ^ . * .7; p-Ar*.+- - * n k\ t ..SmJClCY. .. mzz r c:7: aurpiur vacor from washed larncjy b:.-i acre rapx i-j . - .ci iiicreuses production !md cute labor coats by eliminating a... sti .lii-lins of vrerx from time It ie unloaded from the --ackers until it it c.aecidzlcally a" the damp assembly or various fituhing dep.i't~ i.*.. ?nce i.c b Cincinnati* for the 50" size, tbfr most rally ui-ei, vi- > a capacity of 120 IbB, is $5<360-00. ''ZlrG-Air. EKIiJfG TUMBLER'1 incorporates an entirely nev principle of tumbler engineering which enables it to dry all classifications of laundry work rapid--y at ertrecBly low cost due to concentration of heated air in ' ccne'' where verb is moot thoroughly opened up for greatest exposure to the drying air. Thie results in lower t^teaa and power costs and sweeter smelling work -- bccavjje greater effectiveness of the high-velocity, heated air mnkee drying lees dependent an heat, Work is dried more .. naturally, as *hen kuig in a 3trcng, vara breeze. Price of the 36" x 30" ZCriE-AIF. DKTE5C nSSIilt complete is $745 f.o.b. Cincinnati, Ohio. l^JBrPT rE?.SCKMEI - The .'liadbsrs Works Laundry staff has a 'foreman and seven men cn th= h:C0 A.M. tc 4:00 ? M ehift and one on the 4:Q0 P.K. to 12:00 Midnight The va.ee rat? ax present ie $1-37 per hour plus a $3-00 per day bonus. The Lound crock Plait Laundry has a staff of a foreman and eleven Beni . on day shift, oix own cn afternoon shift and two aen on the midnight shift. Turn, women working one shift of eight heuro making necessary garment repairs. All ^ at the hiring rate of $1,035 pr hour for 30 days; $1,065 per hour for "the next 60* days, after which the washers 'and countermen get $1.10 per hour. - The Bcrden Company's laundry has a foreman at $71.00 per week, five women at $4fc.00 per week, cn seamstress nt $46. C-0 per week, a driver at $61.00 per. week vho collect* C.: v* and delivers the laundry from the various branches and stations. There appears to be very little labor turnover among the plant laundry workers r The average service at tie Borden Laundry is 15 years, 0 years at the Chambers Works* Laundry and 5 years at the Bound Brook Plant Laundry. . .~ AM0L7C OF LAUHDHT FBOCigSP) - Ths Chambers Works Laundry does from 750 to 050 wiVV* bundle.- (pants, shirts, underwear, socks, towels, coveralls and Jumpers) per day. .;J This is approximately 4,000 .pieces or about two tons dry weight. The Bound of underwear Plant Laundry on an average does about 3600 coveralls, 7200 suite towels per 24 hours. .,"4 ` The BorlA^^Bby is the only one of the laundries visited that finishes any work, the othenFSBy do "rough dry work". On the average they finish weekly 400 " ccetB, 460 pants, 200 aprons, 12 cape, 10,000 towels, 175 unlonalls, and 75 shirt*1 In the Bough Dry class, the daily average' output is 1000 coats, 1000 peats, 00 towels and 4o unionaxie. *. r LAUsiirtT PBGC&blMZS - There Is, of course, some variation in ths laundry procedure- * .,** at the various laundries 7isited, however, the procedure at the Chasfcers Works Laundry,1! ? which is outlined below, is x-pical: '' ' - v-i . ' '* `V 1 unary bags, ajuroxlrtately 2-3 oundles, are received m "be varirva -r.orj'y; 10us-tp true.: Zach bur.die is tied and 'd, showleg era' f c hf.es number, name tad chan,je-house. The bage are :d bundles place? cl -'crting -able. One -r. removes teg and passes t: another wct'/st uhc waters name and number on a laundry check sheet, "nan caj.i= out pieces by name (pants, shirt, seeks, etc.), which second - s cn check list. A numbered identification safety pin (10 to a set from E. Xocnstezun & Company, Camden, Hew Jersey), is pinned to each _. clothing. Clothes tire separated in laundry baskets as to woolens, towels f and socks; pants, shires, etc. The clothes are then washed as follows: A, Clothes (not from dje operations: . Gale. of Opera dpC in tion Washer Rinse Wash . 7? -c .Sods Rinse Rinse Rinse Rinse - 36 76 f^ 76 78 Ingredients Used Wauor Perlixe Simplex Simplex Water Water Water Water Amt. per Temp. I00# Dry . of Clothes Water --- lOO^F. -120^P. 8 02. , ---- 16 02, lbOF. 16 oz. i6or, . -- 170^. * -- i4or. .-- Cold -- . Cold Running *Time 5 Min. . ------ _ 10 Min. 10 Min. ... 5 Mat" ^ 5 Mil. ' ' 5 -Nit ' *" 5 Mil. B. , Clothes from Dye Operations are washed as above with the exception that 12 czs. of Perlite :alkali^ is used instead of 8 ozs., and 2k ozs. of Simplex instead of lo oze. . ' '>4 C. Greasy and Paint Stained Clothing: . Ingredients Used (Perlite (Fsntroil , (Msrcolold 5implex . Water Water ' Water Water' Amt. per loc# i*y Clothes ..16 02 , 1 Pt. -40 or. 32 or. Temp. of HgO 180F. 170T. i6or. 100<*. lOO^f. Cold RTuimnneing''J k 10 Min. 10 Min.' 5 Min . 5 Min. 5 Mlxu 5 Min. 1L. Wool nothin^ (Hot from Eye Operations) are washed In 76 gallons of water s! t-j 100F. with one pint of Puponcl LS Paste per 100 lbs. of dry clothes for 10 minutes and given two rineee with 70 gallons -of water at 100P. for 5 minutes eaph. - . Wool ctothinp from Dye Areas is given same treatment as above except, for an extra wash. Laundry bage are washed daily with wool clothing* * . ^ / (The compounds: Perlite, Simplex, Pentroil and MercOloid used - - Y . in the washing operations are products from H. Hohnstamm * .4 Co., ~. .v Hew York and Chicago. DuPonol LS Paste is a DuPont 'product.) '. _* X "fi3t^.n: rr''Ei*.acr:~ ^.o' mrt After clothes have been washed and vruz.*, aro left r.e lv."e '.extractor; where approximately 4.0 gallons cf I-re -?tardent CV AO anreniun sulf&r.tte vi cduct made by the DuPont Company^ '1.1 Sp. gr .71 o-hf 3 are sca led in this solution fer two minutes, VT'cr.c tuf. dried. The 3-.iatlcn is .*eccv*r*d, brought up to the original strength and ` rsuetI All pieces c er/.ed clot ling are etcarped (3 diagonal bars) with Viter elude jellcv i~e 1"Ilthoccln T 7e__cw 3 G paste, a dye starch mixture made by Crameers Wcrxs Du?:nt ?c zpar.y Technical Laboratory end epplled by a rubber sta^). beicre they are ret-oraed t: tie areae. This gives area supervision a check an aen ^ who are required to wear 3ucfc clothing. Sorting end Bundling: After clothes have been dried they are sorted an numbered, hooks cn moveable racks. The racks are then rolled tc outgoing "bundling" table where each man's clothes is checked with original "check list", then bundled. Bundles are . packed In the Change 3ouaa Laundry Bags (which have been laundered). After tying uj> V and tin-tagging a carbon copy of tbe "check list" is placed in each bag which is of , value to the change house attendants In hand! Ing distribution of clothing. t ` Sharp articles, such as razor bledes, left in pockets of dirty clothes present* a serious hazard. Care musx be exercised In handling laundry pins. Clothing con- tamlnatei vith toxic materials such as Betanaphthylamine, Benzol, etc., are given a special treatment at the Laboratory before being sent to the Laundry. They kept separate and handled with rubber gloves. ! .' ^ t - V.hf Bound Erock Plane Laundry Procedure: The washing operation at the Bound Brook* ` Laundry is very similar to that outlined above except that all coveralls are glve$x a 1C to 15 minute soak in en agitated solution of k pounds of Soda Ash In 80 gallons* ^ of water at 1=0F., rinsed, then washed for 20 minutes in 9 ozs. 92 Armours Soap ` Powder in 6C gallons of water at 150F. In a Worvood Cascade Washer, rinsed, placed ^ in a centrifugal extractor for 20 minutes and dried 20 to 30 minutes In a Zone-Air/. drier. v, The follcvlng formula has been recommended for laundering work clothing soiled with grease and grime: . \'7 "Use a mixture consisting of 2 parts by weight of Sodium Metaailicate ' to 1 of soap, or k parts of Sodium Metasillcatc to 3 of soap, and add sufficient to the wheel to give desired amount of suds. For flat work and some colored goods, 3 parts by weight of soap and 2 parts of Sodium ` Metasilicate. *. . ttokFUL OARMCTT8 - The Chambers Works of the duPoat Company report n that coveral||^H2'^sidBrvear on the average withstands 15 to 20 ^washings before they must be replJ^JQ^r 9bls le probably duo to the type of compounds, encountered rather" than to the lailB&exijDg operations. The Bound Brook Plant of the Calco Chemicals Division has bound that the life. of their cover-alla is 150 washings; and their underwear, about 200 washings. ?o*al Cost Of Laundering Work Clothes - According to Mr. A. C. Pease, General Superintendent of the Bound Brook Plant Laundry tbs total cost (including labor, material, rnx, light, steam, water, interest and amortization) of laundering work clothes is $3.03c per pound of dry clothes. The cost of labor aTM* Mteriela alone is cnly $0.C16 per pound of dry clothes. Tbs best price that could be obtained fra outside local laundry was $0.08 per pound dry clothes. / ., Mr. W. 1. Kite, Foreman of the Chambers Works Laundry reports that the total ^ cost, including all direct and indirect chargee was about $0/03 per pound of dry ' clothes ` We were unable to eecure the cost rcr pound of vork clothes laundered at the East '.lev York ".nunYry or* Eomon's Yam Products, hovever, here are the priees charged thj various dep^j-taonte having vori done. ROUGH DTI WORE Coats.................. Pants........... . . . ___ levels ................. Rags ...................... Union-Alls......... Machine Covers . ........... Dish Cloths .... Pulvsr Bags .... 0.05 0.395 FINISHED WORE . ' . .3 * ' * Coats .......................... ............. ..#.095 - Pants ........... . .... ................ 0.095 Drivei-s * Shirts ...... Overalls ........................... levels ;............................. Nurses' Dnlforaa ...... ........... 0.315 Doctors' Coats ......... .................... 0.315 Union-Alls ...................... . 2 _K ^ L? _s J P ji . * At oil joints visited there vas general agreement that it vas 'good bucino's" to provide w~rk clothes and unci'-rvr&r to employees on Jobs vhich involved erposure to toni'* and irritant raterlals or particularly dirty Jobe involving oil, gvc'uo: grin.? md soot. It vas aleo generally agreed that a plant laundry trcocriy c'uipj:ed and operated v-b r. r.-ofit able inventsssnt which ineuroi tnat work veuid be preycriy laundrled trJ n*izv': Lined. Rc' r a ROY S. BO:'.--:'? . M 4 : E u Industrie stand\rd Ci.- Cvrpeoy 1 Y