Document DvNqmQQ3Rkp7r8aMx8Z25z9DB

PROPERTIES AND ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF VINYL CHLORIDE APRIL 1. 1977 BY R. N. WHEELER, JR. JOHN T. BARR ROBERT W. LAUNDRIE P. J. SNYDER UCC 060303 April 1, 1977 The information and recommendations contained in this memorandum were prepared "for the guidance of plant engineering, operations and management, and for persons working with or handling vinyl chloride. The information was compiled from experience and information provided by various manufacturers of vinyl chloride, and from material on vinyl chloride appearing in scientific publications. While the authors believe these sources are reliable and represent the best opinions available on the subject as of April 1, 1977, neither they nor their companies make any warranty, guaranty or representation as to the correctness or sufficiency of any information of recommendation herein, and neither the authors nor their companies assume any responsibility in connection therewith; nor can it be assumed that all necessary warnings and precautionary measures are contained in this memorandum, nor that other or additional information or measures may be required or desirable because of particular or exceptional conditions or circumstances, or because of applicable federal, state or local law. UCC 060304 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Page 1 . Name.......................................................................................................................... G 2. Properties................................................................................................... 2.1 Grade and Strength............................................................................ 2.2 Important Physical andChemical Properties. ... 6 6 6 3. Training and Job Safety........................................................................... 3.1 Employee Education andTraining ........................................... 3.2 Safety Review ..................................................................................... 8 8 9 4. Health Hazards - Medical Management, First Aid, and Protective Equipment ....................................................................... 11 4.1 Health Hazards..........................................................................................11 4.2 Medical Management................................................................................12 4.3 First Aid....................................................................................................15 4.4 Personal Protective Equipment ............................................. 17 5. Fire Hazards, Fire Fighting.................................................................... 21 5.1 Fire Hazards.............................................................................................. 21 5.2 Fire Fighting......................................................................................... 21 6. Instability, Reactivity HazardandControl ............................... 23 6.1 Instability Hazards ....................................................................... 23 6.2 Reactivity Hazards............................................................................... 23 7. Engineering Control of Hazards ......................................................... 24 7.1 Building Design.................................................................................... 24 7.2 Equipment Design................................................................. 25 7.3 Ventilation.............................................................................................. 26 7.4 Electrical Equipment.......................................................................... 28 8. Shipping, Labeling, Handling ............................................................ 29 8.1 Storage........................................................................................................ 29 8.2 Labeling and Identification .................................................. 31 8.3 Non-Bulk Containers ...................................................................... 39 8.4 Bulk Transport......................................................................................... 41 8.5 Shipping.................................................................................................... 4 5 5.6 Transportation Emergencies........................................................... 46 9. Waste Disposal Guidelines and SpillControl................................ 52 0. Tank and Equipment Cleaning andRepairs.......................................... 56 10.1 Preparation for the Job................................................................ 56 10.2 Preparation of the Tank ~>r Equipment......................... 36 10.3 Tank Entry................................................................................................... 57 10.4 Emercer.cy Rescue.................................................................................... 59 10.5 Cleaning and Repairs to Tank and Equipment. ... 60 1. References.............................................................................................................. 62 060305 PROPERTIES AND ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF VINYL CHLORIDE Vir.yl chloride monomer is classified by the United States Depart ment of Transportation as a flammable compressed gas. It is easily ignited, producing hazardous combustion gases iargely composed of hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. vinyl chloride is believed to be a carcinogen to man. Exposure of three animal species to vinyl chloride has caused a hinher frequency of angiosarcoma as well as other respiratory and digestive tumors than in the control groups. Workers in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride resin have shown a higher incidence of annicsarcoma than expected after long exposure at relatively high con centrations. Acute overexposure affects the central nervous system producing intoxication and dulling of the visual and auditory reponses . The full text of this memorandum should be consulted for details of the hazards of vir.yl chloride monomer and suagestions for their control. Appropriate regulations recarding vinyl chloride issued by OSHA, EPA and associated agencies should be carefully re viewed prior to any work related to vinyl chloride. FIRST AID - SEE PAGE 15 For assistance in the event of ar.y emergency involving this chemical in transportation, call MCA ' s Chemical Transportation Emergency Center. CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300* (Use 433-7C16 in District of Columbia) Toll-free day or night Use long distance access number if required. In CANADA, call Canadian Chemical Producers Association TEAP (Transportation Emergency Assistance Plan) /jrr 060306 PROPERTIES AND ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF VINYL CHLORIDE 1, NAMES Chemical Names: Vinyl Chloride Monomer Chlor oethylene Chloroethene Common Name: Vinyl Chloride. VCM F ormula: CihCHCl 2. PROPERTIES 2. 1 GRADE: Commercial, sometimes referred to as Technical or Poly merization. 2. 2 IMPORTANT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Boiling Point at l atm -13. 8*C. (t7*F. ) Color.................................. Colorless or water white Corrosivity..................... Noncorrosive at normal atmospheric temperatures when dry (moisture free). In contact with water at elevated temper atures vinyl chloride accelerates corro sion of iron or steel. Explosive Limits I Percent by Volume in Air) . . , . . Lower 3. 6`" ; upper Flash Point (Open Cup)............................. -7S*C. (-108. 4*F.) Hygroscopic 11 *.............................................. None Critical Pressure, psia......................... 778 Critical Temperature............................. 158,4 "C. (3 17`F. ) Igr.itior. Temperature, Autogenous . 472.22'C. (?S2*F. 1 Light Sensitivity......................................... Uninhibited VCM is light sensitive .'Celling Point at 1 atm............................. - 153. 71 *C. i--24 5 *F. ) `Freezing Point) Molecular Weight...................................... 62. 50 Odor................................................................... Sweet smelling gas. Inhibited VCM may have faint phenolic odor. Physical State.............................................. Gas at ordinary temperature and pressure. Liquid under pressure in cylinder or pressure vessel at room temperature. 6. i 060307 PROPERTIES AND ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR SAFE HANDLING AND USE OF VINYL CHLORIDE Page Two 2.2 IMPORTANT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: (coat. ) Reactivity...................................................... Polymerizes readily in presence of air, sunlight, oxygen or heat. This behavior is due to the presence of a double bond. Otherwise vinyl chloride is quite stable. Specific Gravity of Liquid at 4 "C. (Water = 1)............................. 0. 9 12 1 Vapor Density of Gas (Air = 1). . . 2. 15 Vapor Pressure at 68'F..................... 35 psig Density, liquid, lb. /cu. ft. at 70*F...................................................5t. 71 at 105 *F...................................................54. 3.S at 115*F...................................................53. 69 at 130*F................................................ 52. 61 CSHA Permissible Exposure Limit. . . 5 ppm maximum (Ip minute ceil Inc) 1 ppm eicht-hour time weighted average 7. ucc 060308 Section 3 TRAINING AND J03 SAFETY 3.1 Employee Education and Training 3.1.1 The supervisor should be thoroughly familiar with the contents of this daca sheet, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard for vinyl Chloride (29CFR 51910.1017) and the Environmental Protection Agency's National Emission Standard for Vinyl Chloride (Part 61 Chapter I Title 40 CFR Subpart F) before undertaking any training of the employees who arc engaged in handling or processing of vinyl chloride. Vinyl chloride handling and use are strictly regulated by many governmental agencies but the regulations issued by OSHA and EPA directly affect the content of any training program for vinyl chloride workers. The supervisor should also seek supplementary information and assistance. One recom mended reference is the NCA Case Histories to learn of accidents and injuries that have occurred while handling or processing vinyl chloride. If the services of a safety specialist are avialable, the supervisor should consult with him before finalizing a safety "review of his operations involving vinyl chloride. 3.1.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard for Vinyl Chloride requires that each employee engaged in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride oper ations shall be provided training in a program including (a) Nature of the health hazards of vinyl chloride exposure. (b) Specific operations which could result in expo sure to vinyl chloride in excess of the permis sible exposure limit and necessary protective steps. (c) Purpose, proper use and limitations of the respiratory protective devices. (d) Fire hazard and acute toxicity of vinyl chloride and necessary protective steps. (e) Purpose and description of the monitoring program. (f) Purpose and description of the medical surveillance program. (g) Emergency proc-.-curcs. (h) Specific information to aid the employee in recog nition of conditions which may result in the release of vinyl chloride. 3. ucc 060309 ."n.j; J r\ oe I'.d uu.;t:nn u;i.i 7 r.t . r.: :i-i (corf i nu'-b 5 3.1.2 (i) A review of the OCHA standard ` ir vinyl chloride. This review must be undertake!'. annually as well as at the cm uinvoe's first trai *> * r\ * * sr. V icd. 3.1.3 The Environmental Protection Aconcy National Emission Standard for Vinyl Chloride requires that Standard Operating Procedures be prepared and implemented for: (a) Loading and unloading line emission control. (b) Slip gauge emission control. (c) "ar.ual venting of gases. ' (d) Opening equipment emission control. (e) Sample taking, handling and disposition. (f) Lea.-; detection and elimination. j.l.4 The employee training program should, include the f o 1 iCVi'ir.g : (a) Process chemistry and objectives. (b) Basic process equipment and opcratinc techniques. (c) Properties and safe handling procedures for the materials involved. (d) Detailed study of the process and process oper ation. (e) Standard operating procedures for the various plant jobs. (:} ''edifications and additions to meet the foregoing EFA ar.d CSKA requirements. 3.2 The supervisor should periodically review equipment, materials and procedures ir. current use. For maximum effectiveness, this review should include the participation or input from selected representatives of operations, maintenance, technical and other related activities. The results and recommendations from this review should be incorporated into employee training programs, standard operating procedures and equipment changes or revi sions. All chemical processes and plants, particularly those working with reactive hazardous materials should be updated based on changes in process, changes in materials, past exper ience and new information. 9. ucc 060310 l All significant hazards should be explained together with the precautions to be followed in the standard operating procedures. For example, if eye protection is required while taking a sample, the standard operating procedure should read "Wear splash goggles and sample still number 000". This type of instruction is preferable to requiring that a sample be taken in one part of the standard operating procedure and requiring that goggles be worn in another part. If there are extremely critical steps in the process where, for example, overcharge of catalyst may cause an uncontrollable reaction, consideration should be given to making these super visory checkpoints. In a similar vein, if certain process variables are not or cannot be maintained within prescribed limits then the plant or process step should immediately be shut down and the supervisor consulted. Complete standard operating procedures with safety information are essential to train new employees, to provide guidance for older employees and to demonstrate compliance in certain regu latory agencies. An error by an untrained employee is often regarded as negligence on the employer's part by the courts and by regulatory agencies. 10. uoc 060311 action 4 HEALTH HAZARDS - VESICAL ".ANAGE/*EN7, FIRST AID AND PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 4.1 Health Hazards 4.1.1 Vinyl chloride mcncmer is believed to be a carcinogen to man. Exposure of three animal species to vinyl chloride has caused a higher frequency of angiosarcoma, as well as other respiratory and digestive tumors than in the control croups. Workers in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride resin have shown a higher incidence of angiosarcoma than anticipated after long exposure at relatively high concentrations. The long-term effects of short-term and intermittent high concentra tion exposure have not been studied in animals and man. Because of the evidence of carcinogenicity, the Occu pational Safety and Health Administration and the Environ mental Protection Agency have issued regulations that limit the emission of vinyl chloride to the air and the exposure of people to such emissions. Workers in the PVC industry, primarily reactor cleaners, have been found to have acroosteolytic changes in cer tain bones, particularly those of the distal phlanges of the fingers. This is largely reversible and has been associated only with high levels of exposure which have been experienced in the past. Certain skin changes suggesting scleroderma have been noted in some patients with occupational acrcosteolysis. Combustion and pyrolysis products of monomeric or poly merized vinyl chloride include hydrogen chloride and other highly irritating gases. Exposure to gases may cause severe irritation of the mucous linings of the respiratory tract and pulmonary edema and chemical pneumonitis may occur. Vinyl chloride monomer in gaseous form has no distinc tive warning ocor in lew concentrations nor is it irritating. High concentrations of vinyl chloride has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system and can produce anesthesia at high concentrations. Hazards may be related to impaired judgment or functional ability under these circumstances. The threshold of odor for vinyl chloride varies with purity of VCM and amount of exposure. A wo-thousand ppm threshold of odor level has been observed. 4.1.2 Acute Toxicity Levels on the order of 6,000 ppm for five minutes exposure wore required to produce minimal symptoms ucc 11. 060312 4.1 Health Hazards (continued) 4.1.2 Acute Toxicity (continued) resembling mild alcohol intoxication in humans. Levels of approximately 16,000 ppm for the same length of time will produce varying degrees of intoxication, with lightheadedness, some nausea and a dulling of visual and auditory responses in most humans. Higher levels produce unconciousness. 4.1.3 Chronic Toxicity Long-term exposure of experimental animals to VCM at concentrations of fifty ppm or greater has pro duced angiosarcoma of the liver and other evidence of the induction of malignant neoplasms. The inci dence of hepatic angiosarcoma among workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer has been in excess of the predicted incidence based upon control populations. The incidence appears to be dose related in that the disease is most frequent among groups that were ex posed to relatively high levels of VCM. 4.2 Medical Management 4.2.1 Physical Examinations The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard for (29CFR 1910.1017) Vinyl Chloride re quires that all employees exposed to a vinyl chloride concentration of 0.5 ppm or more without regard to the use of respirators be provided a program of medical surveillance. This program performed or under the supervision of a licensed physician as stated in the regulation is as follows: (1) The the time of initial assignment, or upon institution of medical surveillance; (i) A general physical examination shall be per formed, with specific attention to detecting enlarge ment of liver, spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction in these organs, and for abnormalities in skin, connective tissues and the pulmonary system (See Appendix A). (ii) A medical history shall be taken, including the following topics: (A) Alcohol intake; (3) Past history of hepatitis; (C) Work history and past exposure to potential^ hepatoxtic agents, including drugs and chemicals; 12. UCC 060313 4.2 Medical Management (continued) 4.2.1 (D) (E) Past history of blooc transfusions, and Past history of hospitalizations. (iii) A serum specimen shall be obtained and deter minations made of: (A) Total bilirubin; (B) Alkaline phosphatase; (C) Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT); (D) Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT); and (E) Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidaso. (2) Examinations provided in accordance with this paragraph shall be performed at least; (i) Every six months for each employee who has been employed in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride manu facturing for ten years or longer; ar.d (ii) Annually for all other employees. (3) Each employee exposed to an emergency shall bo afforded appropriate medical surveillance. (4) A statement of each employee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride including use of protective equipment and respirators, shall be obtained from the examining physician promptly after any exami nation. A copy of the physician's statement shall be provided each employee. (5) If any employee's health would be materially impaired by continued exposure, such employee shall be withdrawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. (5) Laboratory analyses for all biological specimens included in medical examinations shall be performed in laboratories licensed under 42 CFR Part 74. (7) If the examining physician determines that alter native medical examinations to those required by para graph (1) of this section will provide at least equal assurance of detecting medical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride, the employer may accept such alternative examinations as meeting the requirements of puracraph (1) of this section, if the employer obtains a statement from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examinations and the rationale for sub stitution. This statement shall be available upon request for examination and copying to authorized repre sentatives of the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA and the Regional OSHA Director. UCC 13. 060314 4.2 Medical Management (cor.t inueu) 4.2.1 (D) (E) Past history cf blood transfusions, and Past history of hospitalizations. (iii) A serum specimen shall be obtained and deter minations made of: (A) Total bilirubin: (3) Alkaline phosphatase; (C) Seram glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) (D) Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGrT); and (E) Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidaso. (2) Examinations provided in accordance with this paragraph shall be performed at least: (i) Every six months for each employee who has been employed in vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride manu facturing for ten years or longer; and (ii) Annually for all other employees. (3) Each employee exposed to an emergency shall be afforded appropriate medicalsurveillance. (4) A statement of each employee's suitability for continued exposure to vinyl chloride including use of protective equipment and respirators, shall be obtained from the examining physician promptly after any exami nation. A copy of the physician's statement shall be provided each employee. (5) If any employee's health would be .materially impaired by continued exposure, such employee shall be withdrawn from possible contact with vinyl chloride. (6) Laboratory analyses for all biological specimens included in medical examinations shall be performed in laboratories licensed under 42 CFR Fart 74. (7) If the examining physician determines that alter native medical examinations to those required by para graph (1) of this section will provide at least equal assurance of detecting medical conditions pertinent to the exposure to vinyl chloride, the employer may accept such alternative examinations as meeting the requirements cf paragraph (1) of this section, if the .employer obtains a statement from the examining physician setting forth the alternative examinations and the rationale for sub stitution. This statement shall be available upon request for examination and copying to authorized repre sentatives of the /Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA and the Regional CSUA Director. ucc 13. 060315 4.2 Medical Management (continued) 4.2.1 Physical Examinations (continued) Appendix A - Supplementary Medical Information When required tests under paragraph (1) of this section show abnormalities, the tests should be repeated as soon as practicable, preferably within three to four weeks. If tests remain abnormal, consideration should be given to withdrawal of the employee from contact with vinyl chloride, while a more comprehensive exami nation is made. Additional tests which may be useful: (A) For kidney dysfunction: brine examination for albumin, red blood cells and exfoliative abnormal cel Is. ) (b) Pulmonary system: Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches). (C) Additional serum tests: Lactic acid dehydrogenase, lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzyme, prote\ deter mination and protein electrophoresis. (D) For a more comprehensive examination on repeated abnormal serum tests: Hepatitis B antigen and liver scanning. Records of such medical surveillance shall be available to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for OSHA and the OSKA Regional Director. Medical records shall be main tained for the duration of the employment of each employ ment of each employee plus twenty years or thirty years, whichever is longer. 4* .2.2 Suggestions to Physicians Treatment for vinyl chloride intoxication is sympto matic: no special procedures are required. In acute overexposures the primary effect is central nervous system depression. In chronic exposure the liver is the principal target with secondary effects possibly in the kidneys and lungs. Note to Physicians: Avoid use of epinephrine or related drugs in treating acute overexposure cases since vinyl chloride may sensitize the heart to the arrhythmic action of these drugs. When breathinq has ceased due to vinyl chloride narcosis, promptly initiate assisted respiration (e.g., mouth-tomouth, mechanical resuscitation). Oxygen should be ad ministered. Active ventilation is important to the maintenance of adecuate tissue oxygenation and the removal of vinyl chloride to the exhaled air. ! 14. ucc 060316 4.2 Medical Management (continued) 4.2.2 Suggestions to Physicians (continued) Oxygen Administration Oxygen has been found useful in the treatment of inhalation exposures cf many chemicals, especially those capable of causing either immediate or delayed harmful effects in the lungs. In most exposures, administration of 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressures has been found to be adequate. This is best accomplished by use of a face mask having a reservoir bag of the non-rebreathir.g type. Inhalation of 100% oxygen should net exceed one hour of continuous treatment. After each hour, therapy may be interrupted. It may be reinstituted as the clinical condition indicates. Some believe that superior results are obtained when exposures to lung irritants are treated with oxycen under and exhalation pressure not exceed 4cm water. Masks providing for such exhalation, pressures are available. A single treatment may suffice for minor exposures to irritants. It is believed by some ob servers that oxygen, under pressure is useful as an aid in the prevention of pulmonary edema after breathing irritants. In the event of an exposure causing symptoms or in case of a history of severe exposure, the patient may be treated with oxygen under 4cm exhalation pressure for one-;.alf hour periods out of every hour. Treatment may be continued j.n- this way until symptoms subside or other clinical indications for interruptions appear. Caution! It may not be advisaole to administer oxygen under positive pressure in the presence of impending or existing cardiovascular failure. 4.3 First Aid 4.3.1 General First aid should be started at once in the case of acute intoxication with vinyl chloride or in the case of contact with liquid vinyl chloride. Refer all over exposed patients to a physician and give a detailed account of the accident (OSHA 1910.1017). Each employee exposed to an emergency shall be afforded appropriate medical surveillance. i ?. ucc 060317 4 .3 First Aid 4.3.2 Contact with Skin Vir.yl chloride in liquid form is a skin irritant and can cause frostbite. All clothing that has become contaminated with vinyl chloride including shoes should be removed immediately and not worn again until properly decontaminated. All affected body areas should be washed thoroughly with warm water and soap. The individual should be referred to a physician promptly. 4.3.3 Contact with the Eyes If liquid vinyl chloride has entered the eyes, they should be washed promptly with copious quantities of water for at least fifteen minutes. The eyelids should be held apart during washing to ensure contact of the water with all the surface tissues of the eye and lids. Prompt medical attention should be obtained. 4.3.4 Taken Internally The gaseous nature of vinyl chloride makes the ingestion of significant quantities unlikely. Consult a physician in cases of suspected ingestion. 4.3.5 Inhalation A worker who has been overcome by vinyl chloride must be carried at once into an uncontaminated atmosphere and if respiration has been slowed or stopped, effective artifical respiration must be initiated .immediately. If oxygen inhalation apparatus is available, oxygen should be administered but only by a person authorized for such duty by a physician. The patient should be kept comfort ably warm but not hot. Stimulants will rarely be necessary where adequate oxy genation is maintained. Any such drugs for shock treat ment should be given only by the attending physician. Never attempt to give anything by mouth to an unconscious patient. Exposed persons showing signs of vinyl chloride intoxi cation should be led to an uncontaminated atmosphere promptly to prevent injury by falling, etc. All exposed persons are to be referred to a physician promptly after exposure. 16. ucc 060318 4.4 Personal Protective F.quipmer.t 4.4.1 Availability and Use Personal protective equipment ir. not an adequate substitute for good safe working conditions, adequate ventilation and intelligent conduct on the part of employees working with vinyl chloride. It is, however, in some instances the only practical means of pro tecting the worker, particularly in emergency situations The OSHA Standard for Vinyl Chloride specifically re quires the use of engineering and work practice controls to reduce employee exposure to vinyl chloride to the permissable level cr to the extent feasible. Where such controls are not sufficient to reduce exposure to the permissable exposure limits, a written program shall be established and implemented to reduce employee expo sure to the permissable limits or to the greatest extent feasible. 4.4.2 Protective Clothing Clothing and gloves made of rubber or impervious material should be worn to protect the body skin from accidental contact with liquid vinyl chloride where applicable. Protective garments are required for employees who are encaged in hazardous operations such as cleaning poly vinyl chloride residue on vessel walls. These garments shall be selected for the operation and possible expo sure conditions when liquid vinyl chloride is not involv All protective garments shall be provided clean and dry for each use. 4.4.3 Foot Protection Foctv.-ear with, built-in steel toe caps are recommended for all industrial operations. For added protection against chemical contact and liquid vinyl chloride, safety footwear or overshoes worn over leather shoes are recommended. It is important to thoroughly clean cr discard contaminated footwear. 4.4.4 Eye Protection Spectacle-type safety glasses meeting ANSI standard 2S7.1 with metal or plastic frames are recommended as minimum nrotcction an.iinst eye iniuries from flying particles. 17. ucc 060319 4.4 Personal Protective Equipment (continued) 4.4.4 Eye Protection (continued) When there is danger of splashing or material is under pressure, splash goggles and/or plastic shields (full length, eight-inch minimum) with forehead pro tection should be worn where complete fact protection is desirable. Where liquid vinyl chloride is involved or there is likelihood of exposure to vinyl chloride at concen trations exceeding the permissable exposure limit, appropriate respiratory protection is required by OSHA. Use of a full-face piece respirator provides adequate eye protection without supplementary devices. 4.4.5 Respiratory Protection Where employees are provided or are required to wear respiratory protective devices a respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of OSHA 1910.134 shall be established and maintained. Respirators selec ted for vinyl chloride shall be as follows: Atmospheric Concentration of ______ Vir.yl ChlorideRequired Apparatus (i) Unknown, or above 3,600 ppm. . . Open-circuit, self-contained breathing apparatus, pressure demand type, with full facepiece . (ii) Not over 3,600 ppm.............................. (A) Combination type C supplied air respirator, pressure demand type, with full or half facer piece and auxiliary selfcontained air supply; or (B) Combination type C, supplie air respirator continuous flow type, with full or half facepiece, and auxiliary selfcontained air supply. (iii) Not over 1,000 ppm...............................Type C, supplied air respirator continuous flow type with full or half facepiece, helmet or hood. (iv) Net ever 10 3 ppm....................................(A) Combination type C supplied air respirator demand type, wit full facepiece and auxiliary sol f-r<-ntni nod air supply; or 18. ucc 060320 4.4 Personal Protective Equipment (continued) 4.4.5 Respiratory Protection (continued) Atmospheric Concentration of Vinyl Chloride___________________ Required Apparatus (iv) Not over 100 ppm (continued). . .(B) Open-circuit, self-containec breathing apparatus with full facepiece, in demand mode; or (C) Type C supplied air respir ator, demand type, with full facepiece. (vi Not over 2 5 ppm i (A) A powered air-purifying respirator with hood, helmet, full or half facepiece, and a canister which provider-; a ser vice life of at least four hourr for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm; or (B) Gas mask, front-or backmounted canister which provides a service life of at least four hours for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 25 ppm. (vi) Not over 10 ppm........................................ (A) Combination type C suppliedair respirator, demand type, with half facepiece and auxi liary self-contained air supply: or (B) Type C supplied-air respir ator, demand type, with half facepiece; or (C) Any chemical cartridge respirator with an organic vapor cartridge which provides a service life of at least one hour for concentrations of vinyl chloride up to 10 ppm. Respirators shall be selected from among those jointly approved by NIOSH and MESA under the provisions of 30CFR Part 11. Employee entry into unknown concentrations of vinyl chloride or concentrations greater than 36,000 ppm may be made only for life rescue. Entry into concentrations ranging from 3,600 to i 19. ucc 060321 4.4 Personal Protective Equipment (continued) 4.4.5 Respiratory Protection (continued) 36,000 may be made only for life rescue, firefighting or securing equipment so as to prevent a greater hazard. When air purifying respirators are in use a continuous monitoring and alarm system must be provided when vinyl chloride concentrations nay reasonably be expected to exceed the maximum allowable concentration for the devices in use. Such a system shall be used to alert employees that the vinyl chloride concentration exceeds that allowable for the respirator in use. Where air purifying canisters or cartridges are used they shall be replaced prior to the expiration of their service life or at the end of the work shift in which they were used, whichever occurs first. 4.4.6 Head Protection Hard hats are recommended for protection from fallinq objects, overhead liquid leaks and chemical splashes. i 20.' ucc 060322 Section 5 FIRE HAZARDS AND FIRE FIGHTING 5.1 Fire Hazards Vinyl chloride is extremely fla.T~.able. Its explosive limits are between 3.6 and 33% by volume in air for the vapor or gas. Vinyl chloride is most often handled as a liquid under pres sure; thus, a one-gallon spill of liquid vinyl chloride quickly produces 45 cubic feet of flammable gas which pro duces over 1,000 cubic feet of explosive gas-air mixture. Vinyl chloride when burning produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride. Burning is usually accompanied by the production of a dense black smoke. The hazards of vinyl chloride with reaard to fire arc summar ized as follows: Fire - Vinyl chloride is highly flammable. Vapors from a liquid spill spread quickly. Explosion - Flammable vapor from a liquid spill if ignited cause a gas explosion hazard indoors, outdoors and sewers. Containers and/or tanks of liquid vinyl chloride may explode due to the heat from a fire. Health - Contact with liquid may cause burns to skin and eyes. Vapors may cause dizziness or unconciousness. Fire will pro duce irritating, poisonous gases. 5.2 Fire Fighting Carbon dioxide or dry chemical agents extinguish small fires effectively, but no extinguisher is known to be suitable for large fires. Control of large fires is confined to eliminating the"source of fuel and to reducing fire damage by cooling structures and tanks with water spray. Extinguishing a vinyl chloride fire from a major leak source such as a broken pipeline may lead to explosive reignitior. if all sources of spark and flame are not eliminated. Some guidelines for major spills or fires are: .Immediate Action Evacuate area. Keep upwind. Define and isolate hazard area. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus ar.d protective clothing. Eliminate all open flames, flares, smoking and internal com bustion engines if there is a vapor cloud. ucc 21. 060323 5.2 Fire Fighting (continued) Followup Action Let fire burn unless leak or emission can be stopped immediately. Cool tanks and containers with water from maximum distance until after fire is out. Use unmanned spray systems, monitor nozzles and hoses for major fires. Impound the water to pre vent spread of the hazard. Do not let water enter the sewage collection system. Stay clear of tank and container ends. Evacuate immediately in case of a rising noise from venting safety device. 5.3 Special Hazards All persons exposed to vinyl chloride or its combustion pro ducts should be checked by a physician. (See Section 4 of this data sheet.) Entry into fire area r.fter the fire is out should be limited to persons wearing self-contained breathing apparatus until the absence of vinyl chloride, hydrogen chloride and other hazard ous gases is confirmed by test. 22. UCC 060324 Section 6 INSTABILITY AND REACTIVITY HAZARDS AND CONTROLS Vinyl chloride is a reactive monomer and will undergo addition and polymerization reactions which are characteristic of the ethylenic double bond. Under normal conditions of handling and storage uninhibited vinyl chloride is relatively stable. Vinyl chloride polymerizes exothermally in the presence of light, air, oxygen or free radical initiators to yield polyvinyl chloride. To prevent polymerization in transit or storage it is important that the monomer be protected at all times from contact with air, oxygen, moisture, catalytic impurities and light. Heat along does not initiate hazardous polymerization until temperatures of 250C or more are reached, though vinyl chloride will become hazy if stored for long periods at temperatures over 20C indi cating that some polymerization does take place. Vinyl chloride will react with air or oxygen to form vinyl chloride polyperoxide which is shock sensitive and will detonate under some conditions. It will also catalyze polymerization of the monomer. Polyperoxides have been found as a grey-white powdery mass in equipment where vinyl chloride is exposed to small amounts of air or oxygen such as recovery systems for vent gases, etc. When the presence of polyperoxides is suspected, treatment with caustic solutions will usually suffice for their destruction. To stop polymerization or to prevent polymerization small amounts of phenol, hydroquinones, phenothiazine, tert butyl catechol, isoprene, styrene and styrene derivatives will act as inhibitors or short stops if thoroughly mixed with the vinyl chloride. 23. (JCC 060325 Section 7 ENGINEERING CONTROL OF HAZARDS 7.1 Building Design 7.1.1.1 Equipment and vessels containing vinyl chloride should preferably be isolated from other facilities by walls and floors of fire resistive construction or by adequate spacing. 7.1.1.2 Standard fire walls are recommended for isolation of larger equipment and storage tanks, while parti tions of plaster and expanded metal lath may be used to isolate smaller ecruipment from other combustible materials. 7.1,1.3 Not less than two means of exit should be provided from, each separate room or building in which VCN is stored, handled or used. No portions of such a room or building should be farther than 75 feet from the nearest exit. Additional exits should be provided depending upon the number of persons in the buildinq (see NFRA Standard =101 Life i'efoty Code or OSHA Standard 2 8 CFR 1910 Subpart I') . 7.1.1.4 All exit doors should open out in the direction of travel and should be provided with panic hardware. Fire doors should open out in the direction of travel and be an approved type. i 7.1.1.5 For multistory buildings consideration should be given to the use of escape slides or external ramps instead of stairway* or ladders from the higher levels. Most injuries have resulted from ignition of flammable vapor clouds or uncontrollable reactions. Escape from these hazards requires the utmost speed on the part of personnel. 7,1,2 In processes where large quantities of vinyl chloride i are involved only those portions of the process requir ing weather protection should be housed. Process vessels and storage tanks not requiring weather pro tection or close operating supervision should be located in the open. 7,1.3 Operations where large quantities of vinyl chloride are used should oreferably be housed in one-story buildings or partially enclosed in critical areas only. Newer i TVC plants with large reactors often have only the top portion of the reactors enclosed for a control room. * * A Fxulcsicn vents nav be used to reduce destructive damage to buildings carticularly those where a large leak, or oreratinn error could result in explosive concentrations of flammable vapors. 24 . ucc ! 060326 7,1 Building Design (contir.uoii) 7.1.4.1 explosion ventino windows, roof wall panels, sky lights, light windows, diaphragms, etc. may bo used to minimize buildinq damage duo lo explosion pressures. 7.1.4.2 Since the required area of explosion vents depends upon such factors as the intensity of an explosion, vapor temperature, type of structure, the type of vent closure, etc. the determination of vent ratios should be made by experienced engineers and fire and safety protection specialists. (Reference NFPA Fire Codes Vol. 9-?68). 7.1.4.3 Vinyl chloride processing buildings equipped with internal water deluge and emergency ventilation systems controlled by flammable gas monitors are preferr-'u for dissipation of flammable vapor clouds resulting "`rom equipment failures within the buildinq. 7.1.5 Adequate spacing of other process and service building from process buildings involving vinyl chloride is desirable to minimize damage from expl ;ion and to in sure the availability of critical services for fire fighting and control of uninvolved equipment. 7.1.6 Fire resistive stairwells with automatic fire doors may be specified for hazardous operation on upper floors but these arc less desirable than slides or rn..-.ps lead ing away from the building. 7.1.7 Floor drains and process drains should be segregated from sanitary sewer systems to minimize the sewer explosion hazard and to minimize the amount of waste water to be treated for vinyl chloride removal as re quired by the Environmental Protection Agency rcnulations 7.1.8 The vinyl chloride process building design should include a breathing air supply system for respirators, an open head autonaticaliy controlled fire water sorinklcr system and an adequate forced ventilation system as well as emergency showers and eye wash facilities. 7.2 Equipment Design 7.2.1 Materials of construction considered hazardous for equip ment in vinyl chloride service are copper, zinc, aluminum and alloys containing these materials. Copper is excluder due to the possibility of traces of acetylene reacting to form explosive copper acetylides. Zinc and aluminum are excluded duo t>' their reactivity with vinyl chloride, ether materials such as steel, stainless steel, nickel, glass, Teflon, compressed asbestos and ceramics are .icci-pt ub l v. '"ost elastomers swell and lose strength in vinyl cnloride service. 25. ucc 060327 7.2 Equipment Design (continued) 7.2.2 Special Equipment and Design The design of vinyl chloride piping and equipment is highly specialized because of the reactive, flammable and toxic properties of the material. Prior to the start of any plant or equipment design the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard for Vinyl Chloride (29 CI'R 1910.1017) and the Environmental Protection Agency National Emission Standard for Vinyl Chloride (40 CFR 61f) as well as any other pertinent regulations should be thoroughly understood. The EPA Standard in particular requires specific equipment items. The technical problems of designing equipment, providing adequate ventilation and formulating operating procedures which ensure maximum* safety and economy can be handled best by experienced engineers and safety and fire protection specialists. 7.2.3 In handling of vinyl chloride or the operation of any type of vinyl chloride system, all valves, pipelines, vents, safocy devices, etc. should be located that they can be readily inspi.ctou ami repaired. Consideration should be given to redundant facilities in critical areas. All handling and storage equipment should bo located away from any source of sparks, flames, heated surfaces and other sources of ignition. The use of excess flew valves, valves with fusible links and re motely operated valves should be considered on large tanks in the case of fires or major leaks near these vessels. Bottom connections are to be avoided if practical. 7.2.4 Safety requires that equipment be used and maintained as recommended by the manufacturer or within design limits such as the ASME Pressure Vessel Code. All process equipment including safety devices should have recuiarlv scheduled testing and inspection. 7.3 Ventilation 7.3.1 Good ventilation is essential in rooms or confined areas where vinyl chloride is handled to prevent the unsafe accumulation of toxic or explosive concentrations. Consideration should also be given to emergency venti lation to remove dangerous concentrations resulting from leaks and/or equipment failures. Good practice indicates that a normal ventilation system should yield at least fifteen air changes rcr hour for enclosed processing areas. 26; uco 060328 7.3 Ver.tilation (continued) 7.3.1 Many companies also provide emergency ventilation rates of thirty air changes per hour controlled by automatic analyzers in the work space air. Pressurized control rooms or tuildings with ventila tion air intakes located upwind or sore distance from sources of contamination can be used to provide a "safe" area for operating personnel where respirators need not be worn. Good ventilation is a valuable tool in achieving the required one ppm or lower concentration in the work space air, but it is effective only when used in con junction with good equipment and process design and proper equipment maintenance. In the design of a good mechanical ventilation system, consideration should be giver, to employee comfort and to control of the system; i.e. under what conditions should it operate normally, when should it be off, when should emergency speed be used and should control be automatic or manual. 7.3.2 Air Analysis-Monitor inn Analysis of the air for vinyl chloride in the work area ,is required by the EPA Standard (40 CFR 61.60F) as a means of detecting and measuring emissions to the air. The standard requires a system which obtains air samples from one or more points on a continuous sequen tial basis and analyzes the samples with qas chromato graphy or by alternative methods. The OSKA standard (29 CFR 1910.1017) requires that when employees are wearing air purifying respirators a continuous monitor ing and alarm system be in use if there is a likelihood of exceeding the vinyl chloride concentration allowable for the respirator in use. In addition, these analyzers are invaluable in providing data for work in meeting the QSKA permissable exposure limits. Flammable gas detectors are also used to indicate danger frem fire or explosion and may activate water deluge as well as mechanical ventilation systems. Automatic analyzers are complicated pieces of equipment and should be checked and maintained to meet the EPA standard requirements as a minimum. The C HA Standard also requires monitoring employee exposures to vinyl chloride on a specific basis. Samplir. u .me analysis may be done in any fashion so long as acceptable levels of accuracy are achieved. This type of monitoring requires the consultation with a trained industrial hygienist. 27. ucc 060330 7.4 Electrical Equipment 7.4.1 Vinyl chloride is normally handled in closed systems and all work areas should be ventilated and controlled to low concentrations of vinyl chloride. Flammable concentrations may exist only occasionally. Under normal condition, electrical equipment approved for Class I Division 2 locations may be used. The selection of electrical equipment for a plant re quires skilled evaluation by a competent process engi neer as well as an electrical engineer. All equipment and wiring should be purchased and installed to meet the appropriate sections of the National Electric Code. 7.4.2 Separate power supply to lights, analyzers and automatic control systems is provided by many companies in their plants. These separate power supplies are often backed up by auxiliary generators or batteries for critical control items. 7.4.3 Static electricity is generated when vinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride flows through or is discharged from a pipe. To drain off static charges and avoid spark discharges, a continuous path from the point of gener ation to ground should be provided. This is best accom plished by electrically interconnecting all vessels and piping (bonding), by grounding all vessels and piping or by a combination of bonding and grounding. Bonds or grounds for static electricity protection may be of any conductor size and any ground that is adr -uate for power or lightning protection is more than adequate for grounding static electricity. Ground wiring should be of sufficient size to provide reasonable protection against physical wear. Periodic checks of continuity to ground should be made. Systems using non-conductors such as glass, plastic and ceramic piping or coatings should be carefully checked for continuity. Some types of Teflon lined plug valves have required electrical bonds between the plug and the body to reduce sparking. For a more complete discussion of static electricity see N'FPA *77. 28. UCC 060331 Section 8 SHIPPING, LA3~.LT: AND HANDLING 8.1 Storage 8.1.1 General Vinyl chloride storage areas should always be selected to comply with all applicable local codes and regula tions, especially those involving occupational health, environr.er.tal control, hazardous materials and fire prevention. Organizations such as The National Fire Protection Association, The National Board of Fire Underwriters and the Factory Insurance Association can be consulted about proper site selection. 8.1.2 Conditions of Storage (A) Vinyl chloride is a very volatile, toxic and flammable gas at normal atmospheric conditions. Vinyl chloride may be stored for reasonable periods of tine (one year) without danger from the hazardous decompo sition or polymerization of vinyl chloride when kept in contact with ferrous materials and in the absence of air, oxygen, water, light or excessive heat. Containers and vessels used for handling vinyl chloride at ambient temperatures are usually under pressure. Nitrogen blanketing r.ay be employed to increase the storage pressure in order to facilitate tank pumping operations. Refriqeration can be used to maintain the storage temperature within an acceptable range - below 50 and preferably between 0C and 20C. Vinyl chloride, properly stored, uninhibited either under refrigeration or at normal atmospheric temperature, should be checked regularly for the presence of polymers. (B) All piping, instrument leads, storage tanks, relief devices and other equipment employed to handle vinyl chloride should be constructed of ncommended materials. (See Section 7.2) This equipment should be designed to withstand a full vacuum, if practical, or a working pressure of at least 100-150 psi conforming to the ASMF. code for unfired pressure vessels or any code applying to the locale of planned storage. Vapor recom.pression or refrigerated storage tanks can be designed, however, for lower operating pressures. Shut-off valve." and control valves should be of steel or a suitable alloy not containing copper, and these valves should be designed for working pressures of at least 150 psi. All welded construction is recommended to insure a 2'- ucc 060332 8.1 Storage (continued) 3.1.2 Conditions of Storage (continued) ! ogknronf integrity. Wherever por.;; i hie. all liquid in'll,1!, lines should enter tho ! utor' or extend to the bottom of tho storage vessels. This contributes to the guardihg against, the accumulation of static elec tricity. All equipment should be properly grounded and bonded with resistance to giour.d never exceeding 25 ohms. Tho stand leg should have an opening in it near the top of the tank to act as a vacuum breaker and to help prevent blowback. All electrical wiring, lighting and equipment should cc.-nply with NEC require ments. Vinyl chloride tanks should be painted with white or other heat reflective paint. (C) All storage areas should have installed an appro priate water spray system or automatic sprinkling system or other special fire extinguishing systems which are suitable for use with Class B fires. Portable fire extinguishers of the carbon dioxide or dry chemical type should be readily accessible to personnel in these aroas. (See Section 5) Diking and/or draining to a safe location should be pro vided in all storage areas to comrietcly confine and dispose of the liquid in the event of a major spill or vessel rupture. 3.1.3 Isolation Vinyl chloride storage areas should be selected and constructed in accordance with local codes or authorities having jurisdiction. Such highly volatile and flammable materials should be stored outside of buildings. Pre ferably, vinyl chloride storage tanks should be segregated away from major process units. Process units such as furnaces or reactors, which have a hiohor than average fire- or explosion risk potential, should be situated as far from, such storage tanks as practical. All potential ignition sources should be eliminated from such storage areas. Cylinders containing vinyl chloride shou'd be stored in a vertical position, outside of buildings and in an isolated and well ventilated area. It is best to store cylinders in the open, but prevision should be made to shield them from the sun's direct rays and to prevent the accumulation of dirt, snow, water or ice on their valves or safety devices. Vinyl chloride storage areas should be restricted to authorized personnel only ; : re of fen < l m.s i f i cm ns "reeulnted areas" per OSHA. 30. ucc 060333 t 8.1 Storage (continued) 8.1.4 Regulatory Aspects (A) 20 CFR 1910.1017 outlines the scope, application and specific requi remcr.ts of the Occupational Safety and Health Standard for Vinyl Chloride. Specific sections of this standard provide for per sonnel exposure limits, regulating areas to authorized individuals, environmental monitoring, respiratory pro tection, labeling, etc. A vinyl chloride program must be established and comply with all the requirements of 29 CFR 1919.1017. (B) 40 CFR Part 61 "The National emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants" outlines the rules and regulations governing vinyl chloride emissions that have been established by the Environmental Protection Agency. The provisions of this standard should Le_ complied with by the owner or operator of a vinyl chloride plant. 8.1.5 Compatible and Dangerously Reactive'Materials Vessels used for vinyl chloride should be only used for vinyl chloride. They must be purged with a dry inert qas until free of oxygen (<.1,000 ppm) prior to filling. VCM is generally non-corrosive at normal atmospheric temper atures when dry (moisture free). However, mild to appre ciable corrosion has been reported when vinyl chloride is wet even at ordinary temperatures. This may be due to the presence of impurities. In contact with water at elevated temperatures vinyl chloride accelerates corrosion of iron and steel. Acetylene as an impurity in vinyl chloride may form an explosive compound (acetylide) when exposed to copper or copper alloys. 8.2 Labeling and Identification The statements and items listed below summarize the major label ing requirements; however, they are not necessarily complete or comprehensive. It is recommended that the Federal Code of Regu lations be consulted for the specific details and labeling requirements of the Department of Transportation, OSHA and the Coast Guard. 8.2.1 Department of Transportation Requirements - Coast Guard. 8.2.1.1 Cylinder by Water, Land or Air 49 CFR 172.101 - Each a-iitanvi and over; a :ked cylinder containing vinyl chloride (including tar.V. cars) shall carry a label "Flammable Gas" and a name "Vinyl Chloride" as shown on the outside of any shipping container and on any snipping papers. 31. ucc 060334 6.2 Labeling and Identification (continued) 4 9 CFR 172-417 - Small cylinders should have a four-inch "Flammable Gas" label which is red in color and has black prir.tir.o and cylinder marked with "Vinyl Chloride". 5172.1* I 7 FLAMMABLE GAS label. (a) Except for size and color, the FLAMMABLE GAF label must be as follows: (b) In addit ton to complying with 5172.407, the FLAMMABLE GAS label must be red. The printing and symbol must be black. 49 CFR 173-306 - Exceptions from Department of Labor label ing requirements. 9 CFR 172.400 - General labeling requirements, placement of abels. 49 CFP. 172.326 - Any portable tank (cylinder) containing more than 1,000 pounds of vinyl chloride must be marked in letters two inches or more in size with the shipping name "Vinyl Chloride and have the Flammable Gas label affixed. Ar.v truck moving the portable vinyl ch lor i<..e containing tank --usz be placarded on the two sides as well as front and rear with "Flammable Gas" placard. (Pnranrnph 172.515 and Appendix D) The square on the point placard should be made from tagboard and hnv.' .*> i 10 1/4" by 10 1/4". It should withstand thirty days ootn weather exposure. The letters on this placard should be red in color with white lettering. 32. ucc 060335 M 4* 8.2 Labeling and Identification (continued) 8.2.1.2 Barge in Bulk 46 CFR 151.45-2 (e) Cargo Signs and Carer. Warning signs shall be displayed on the vessel, port and starboard facing outward without obstructions at all times except when the vessel is gas free .... 46 CFR 151.45-7 Shipping Papers. Each barge carrying danger ous cargo shall have on board a bill of lading manifest or shipping document giving the shipper, loading point location and the kind, grade and approximate quantity by compartment of each cargo in the barge .... 46 CFR 151.50-34 (h) The words "Cancer-^aspcct Agent" must be added to the warning signs required by ',6 CFR 151.45.2 (e) . 8.2.1.3 Ship in Bulk 46 CFR 35.30-1 (b) General Safety Rules. A sign shall be displayed to warn persons approaching the canyway while a vessel is moored or anchored unless it is empty and gas-freed. The sign shall state in letters not less than two ineh>\n high substantially as follows: WARNING NO OPEN LIGHTS NO SMOKING NO VISITORS 46 CFR 151.45-2 (e) 3 A cargo Information Card for each cargo regulated by this subchapter shall be carried on the bridge or in the pilot house of the towing vessel readily available for use by the person in charge of the watch .... 46 CFR 40.15-1 (b) and (c) The words "Cancer-Suspect Agent" must be added to the warning sign required by 46 CFR 35.30-1 (b) Signs bearing the legend: Canccr-Suspoct Agent in This Aren Protective Equipment Required Authorized Personnel Only must be posted whenever hazardous operations, such as tank cleaning, arc in progress. 8.2.1.4 Portable Tanks. Portable tanks are not authorized for use with vinyl chloride. 33. ucc 060336 8.2 Labeling and Identification (continued) 3.2.2 MCA Recommended Label 3.2.2.1 The Manufacturing Chemists Association recommends that all containers of vinyl chloride should bear a label as .shown. The text of the label is designed for the product as shipped for industrial use. It should be used in addition to or in combination with any specific wording required by law. Since individual statutes, regulations or ordinances nay require that particular information be included in a label, that certain information be displayed in a particular manner, or that a specific label be affixed to a container, the use of this label will not necessarily insure compliance with such 1 aws. VINYL CHLORIDE DANGER! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE LIQUID AND GAS UNDER RESSURE HARMFUL IF INHALED V; MAY POLYMERIZE VIOLENTLY UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS OR LOSS OR REMOVAL OF INHIBITOR Keep owoy horn heat, sparks, and open flame. l Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid brea'thing vapor. Avoid contact with skin. Keep cylinder out of sun and away liom heal. Container should l:c (founded v. lien (ji'.n-i eniffed. Noser circa cylinder. F'r.ST A 'J If inhaled, f *o `red1 < < l; nc Of t.flcici! il'vpn a! u*n preh'iobiv n :Oy!'O-moull' o.ftcuii. y.vo oxyu-'n Cell O ;:h, s:ojn In case of: ' r O Cl *1' " T CT (5 C b: CO* rvrtO i* Fire - Use wci!*i spur/, i!iy cbci^itul, Of !0 . So M cr Leu* Fct V'n ! spills. nr**ci ri*ui p<?rn>it to f'vupf'mif f ; ; it i< \ O' 1 s, tunniilc c; f r > Dike* i s r 1.11 * t !i i .11 * . t iti, 11* I " n. 111 ,'i - t `* l 'o 11oI *1 i-t S11 to i - * >i * i 51 < * t t i . ( i , , \ ` 11 j ,*: 11 i J MCA CiH'iininl Su^fly iKi'u SD*!>6 o -MiiUiii'c 3-3 . ucc 060337 t 3.2 Labeling and Identification (continued) 8.2.3 OSHA Labeling Requirements 8.2.3.1 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is authorized by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to establish occupational safety and health standards. 29 CFR Part 1910.1017 lists all the requirements for the control of employee exposure to vinyl chloride. The re quirements of this health standard include environmental monitoring, the establishment of regulated areas, training and use of specific signs and labels. 8.2.3.2 Entrances to regulated areas* shall be prominently posted with legible signs bearing the leaer.d: Cancer-Suspect Agent Area Authorized Personnel Only 8.2.3.3 Areas containing hazardous operations or where an emergency** currently exists shall be posted with legible signs bearing the legend: Cancer-Suspect Agent in This Area Protective Equipment Required Authorized Personnel Only 8.2.3.4 Containers of polyvinyl chloride resin waste from reactors or other waste contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled: Contaminated with Vinyl Chloride Cancer-Suspect Agent 8.2.3.5 Containers of polyvinyl chloride shall be legibly 1abeled: Polyvinyl Chloride (or Trade Name) Contains Vinyl Chloride Vinyl Chloride is a Cancer-Suspect Agent Regulated areas means any area where vinyl chloride concentrations may be in excess of the permissablo exposure limit. "Emergency means any occurrence such as, but not limited to, equipment failure or operation of a relief device which is likely to or does result in massive release of vinyl chloride. 3 5 '-'CC 060338 8.2 Labeling and Identification (continued) 8.2.3 OSHA Labeling Requirements (continued) 8.2.3.G Vinyl chloride shall be legibly labeled cither Vinyl Chloride Extremely Flammable Gas Under Pressure Cancer-Suspect Acer.t or in accordance with 49 CFR Parts 170-189 with the additional legend applied near the label or placard Cancer-Suspect Agent 8.L.3.7 No statement shall appear on or near any required sign, label or instructions which contradicts or detracts from the effect of any required warning, informations or instruc tions . All transportation equipment (tank trucks, tank cars, barges or ships) not subject to labels as specified above shall be labeled in accordance with the requirements set forth in applicable Department of Transportation and 'United States Coast Guard regulations. Department of Transportation P.oquirements - Each container of vinyl chloride inducing tank cars shall carry an identifying label. The proper shipping name, Vinyl Chloride, as shown in the commodity list (172.101) must be used and shown on the outside shipping container per paragraph 172.300. Unless excepted each individual container must bear the FLAMMABLE GAS label as described in paragraph 172-417. Department of Transportation 172.328 requires that tank motor vehicles transporting vir.yl chloride snail be marked on both sides and at the front and rear with letters at least four inches high with words ``Vir.yl Chloride". The words "Flammable Gas" must be displayed on ether motor vehicles transporting 1,00C pounds or more gross weight per paragraph 177.323 (a). Each railroad car must bear the "Flammable Gas" placard per paragraph 177.823 (a). Paragraph 173.29 (f) specifies that an "Empty" label must be applied to contn \ ni-rr. which have been emptied and on which the old label has not been removeu, obliterated or destroyed. It must be so placed on the container to completely cover the old 1nbo1. ir IJCC 060339 8.2 Labeling and Identification (continued) S.2.3 OSHA Labeling Requirements (continued) 8.2.3.7 Paragraph 172.510 (c) specifies that a "FI amm.Mblc Gas-Empty" placard shall replace or cover the "Flammable Gas" placard on the railroad tank car which has been emptied. The labels used should also conform with all other Federal, State and Local regulations relating to vinyl chloride such as the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act; The Federal Hazardous Substances Act; The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and other similar state and local legislations. 8.2.3.8 The Manufacturing Chemists Association also provides cards (Chem-Cards) containing information concerning the material as well as suggestions for safety precautions and emergency pro cedures. A copy of such a card is shown. These are of particu lar value accompanying bulk shipments. 37. ucc 060340