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FILE NAME State of the Art Literature SAL DATE 1950 DOC SAL051 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Journal Article - Environmental Cancer Hazards Caused by Industrial Air Pollution EDITORIAL BOARD THEODORE ROBERT A. PHILIP DRINKER Chief Editor 55 Shattuck Street Boston 15 FENN E POOLE Glendale Calif Calif F. HATCH Pittsburgh FRANK PRINCI Denver KEHOE Cincinuati WILLIAM A. SAWYER Rochester FRANK A. PATTY Detroit N. Y JAMES H. STERNER Rochester a M.D. Chicago Managing Editor RICHARD J. PLUNKETT Y. VOLUME 2 1950 PUBLISHERS AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION CHICAGO 10. ILL ~ MEDICINE be applied and healing of old ay be of some nation there is I the adoption ending to such ersonnel eduwards routine , etc. ay of limiting disturbances lisease and of ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER HAZARDS CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION Introductory Comment to the Discussion a W. C. HUEPER M.D. \ . Chief Cancerigenic Studies Section National Cancer Institute BETHESDA MD : AN APPRECIABLE number of recognized or cancers are suspected occupational probably caused by inhalation of certain chemicals in dust fumes vapors mists cancerigenic of these industrial or gases figs 1 and 2 Many agents are also introduced into the air while being used or released as waste products Because the they are cancerigenic dose of almost minimal effective lished the every one of these agents is yet to be estab- possible even the probable existence of cancer hazards consuming With the exception of soot and cancer of the as a possible cause of cancer of the lung environmental air scrotum producing factors polluting the have only rarely been considered connection with cancer in man or investigated in Studies of this problem which render valid evidence are difficult complex and wonder therefore that at There suggestive value present all available data on this at best and most are mere speculation Some years ago Green alleged that the the burning of coal and the sulfur dioxide released during incidence of cancer among psompeulltaitniognof ores is the cause of an excessive the other hand Stephens blamed groups exposed to the fumes On carbon monoxide which was introduced cancer in certain workers and the sources for causing little if any basis in fact . general population These claims have Much more industrial industrial substantial however is the evidence in products table There can be regard to other combustion and fractionation of no doubt that products of the coal such as soot igenic tar tar fumes pitch and tar dust containing cancer- are polluting the environmental products and processed fractions many places Similarly combustion gas are released into the of mineral oils shale oils and natural are air as domestic or commercial Read soots and fumes caer at the United States Technical Conference on Air Pollution May 3 to 5 325 = LePage Sai ere IY 326 ee mags: so A a be i et nes eas\sanane toe te ere Ee ABROMTHf S125 Zan. . Ek CHROME CHROME PLATING ee 2 f CHROME PLATING = Spehteceen v Shae d Ly Mery tke : ig : ; ? : . wet x: eran : si cenceLAeea lee Aon . 4 1D i, . ; ; . Me Canc Benzene Aromatic Heta Redzid Cosi tar asphalt boilita uma e oil 3,4 Shale oil Lubric Crude Lignite< Lubric Crude Tar oi Petroleu petrole Lubric Crude Fuel Comm Isopropy Arsenica Inorge SS = 3 Be * Pie ae SEM Fe . Chroma Nickel ca Asbesto Ionizing gami- cular from chemi Joolziof from Ultravio solar a tory cancer i Environmental Cancerigenic Agents and Sites of Cancer Cancerigenic Agent Type of Contact Site of Cancer Benzene Aromatic amines Beta naphthylamine Benzidine Coal tar pitch asphalt soot bitumen creosote oil anthracene oil benzpyrene Shale oil Lubricating olls Crude paraffin olls Lignite olls Lubricating olls Crude para,, oulls Tar oils Petroleum and petroleum products Lubricating oils Crude paraflin oils Fuel oils Commercial soots Aromatic Organic Chemicals Cutaneous Respiratory Cutaneous - Respiratory Cutaneous a Respiratory fumes Leukemia Lymphosarcomat Myelomar . Carcinoma of bladder ureter renal pelvis Carcinoma of skin Carcinoma of lung Cutaneous Carcinoma of skin - Cutaneous - Cutaneous Respiratory Dust Carcinoma of skin Carcinoma of skin Carcinoma of lung Isopropyl oil Alphatic Organic Chemicals Respiratory Carcinoma of nasal sinu es and lungi Arsenicals Inorganic and organic Chromates Nickel carbonyl Asbestos Inorganic Chemicals Cutaneous Allmentary Respiratory Respiratory Respiratory Respiratory Carcinoma of skin Carcinoma of lung Carcinoma of alimentary tract Carcinoma of bladder Carcinoma of lung Carcinoma of nasal sinuses and lung Carcinoma of lung Ionizing radiation of electromagnetic gamma and corpuscular types alpha beta from radioactive chemicals Ionizing radiation from ray tubes Ultraviolet radiation solar radiation Physical Agents Cutaneous Respiratory Alimentary General body Parenteral Cutaneous General body Cutaneous Carcinoma and sarcoma of skin Carcinoma of lung Carcinoma of nasal sinuses Sarcoma of bones Leukemia lymphosarcoma Carcinoma of liver Carcinoma of skin Sarcoma of connective tissues and hones Leukemia Jyniphosarcoma Carcinoma of skin Cancerigenic Agent Site of Cancer Species Potential Environmental Cancerigenic Aromatic amino compounds atninoazotoluene aminoazobenzene azotoluene Liver Bladder diethyl azobenzene Agents and Cancer Rat Mouse Sites dimethyl benzene thalene dimethylazobenzene acetylaminofluorene aminofluorene Dibenzocarbazole - dimethyl azobenzene Estrogenic compounds Stilbestrol Aliphatic compounds Chlorinated hydrocarbons Chloroform Carbon tetrachloride Diethylene glycol Carbamate derivatives Thiourea derivatives Beryllium Selenium Breast Uterus Hemopoletle tissue Liver Bladder Lung Thyroid gland Bone Liver Mouse Rat Guinea pig Mouse Mouse Rat Mouse Rat Mouse Rabbit Hat 327 wey ee oe oe ota ts re mest Juicers eo eee tee ne A dhe VELTE VELVETE ome we EB te ao otf tet te. viet ame 7 2 me de b nm pages af. ee ach RIS ae me n aetna IOR vtlien a ah dha SETI pth Baie pata rw ft cheryl . Te shlong ROS in Ry TF P rn er. sat ma erwminta rege wey mT EN BR A Se aE con 58 328 industrial hyGIENE AND Occupational medicine or may cover mineral particles escaping from cracking towers thereby becoming a part of the constituents of smogs Whenever production and waste disposal methods in aromatic amine operations are inadequate dust fumes and vapors of beta or alpha naphthylamine and benzidine may enter the air of the factory fume zone The large scale use of arsenical dusts as pesticides and the continued and formerly uncontrolled release of arsenicals with the waste fumes of metal ore smelters may have created potential cancer hazards in many regions It may be wise to consider the possible existence of similar conditions for the population living near chromate factories beryllium operations and asbestos mills In recent years the potentiality of cancerigenic air pollution hazards in connection with many establishments in which radioactive material is produced used or handled has become an important factor in their operations Cancerigenic agents polluting the air may enter the human body by inhalation cutaneous contact or ingestion Exposure of the population to cancerigenic air pollutants especially those of stable nature may result from their subsequent incorporation into and contamination of drinking water foodstuffs and soil Cancers caused by cancerigenic air pollutants may affect not only parts of the respiratory tract such as the lung or the nasal sinuses but depending on the nature of the agent and the type of exposure may affect other organs such as skin bones bone marrow and bladder The future control of these potential hazards depends first on the reliable qualitative and quantitative demonstration of cancerigenic agents in the air around establishments producing or handling recognized or ; suspected cancerigenic agents second on thorough epidemiologic studies of cancer incidence in the population living in the fume or waste disposal zone of such plants and third on the subsequent institution of effective measures preventing further release of cancerigenic agents into the environmental air To cope properly and speedily with this new health hazard from air pollution in the modern industrial environment it is essential that industrial management public health agencies and the medical profession be alerted to the problem and that they work together harmoniously in trying to solve it WHIL effec technical ; of the pr offenders of chemic and nume producing - chemical measures particulate cedarwo and soy be flour mills are comm Smuts barley sor - ties in the Accorc pathology Agricultur reached 1 that spore in mill du to 9,000,0 .. threshing of eastern The smu middle of _ From th x. Present Washington ; 1. Heal 4 Company In Se 4,1938 vol 13