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J Koppers, the roofing people Preface This manual contains recom mended roofing specifications and procedures based on accepted good roofing practices and Koppers years or experience. They are intended to provide the architect, engineer, general con tractor. and roofer with the proper information to plan and construct the best roof systems with the most time-proven materials available today. The availability of a Koppers surety bond or guarantee for roofing and flashing constructed according to the information contained in this manual under Koppers bond and guarantee procedure, and the publishing of these specifications and infor mation shall not be construed as creating any warranty, expressed or implied, with regard to any roofing or flashing for which a bond or guarantee has not been issued. This roofing manual supersedes all previous roofing manuals published by Koppers in Sweets Catalogs. The specifications and details contained in this manual have been determined to cover the proper procedure for long lasting roofing systems for most areas of our country. In certain locations, minor varia tions in details and specifications may be appropriate due to unusual local conditions, such as wind, temperature, humidity, etc. To assure the best application of the proper specifications and details for your area we recommend you consult your Koppers representative. Table of Contents 3 Preface 4-5 Product Guide KOPPERS 7 1.KOP Architectural and Conatructton Materials 6 Bonded & Guaranteed Roofing Program Specification Reference Guide 7 Koppers Coal Tar Built-Up Roofing Material and System Discussion 8-12 General Requirements & Special Conditions Coal Tar Built-Up Roofing 13-14 Roof Specifications Coal Tar Built-Up Roofing 15 Special Applications Water Retaining Roof 16 Flashing Specifications Built-Up Roof Applications 17-20 Flashing Details Built-Up Roof Applications ' 21-26 KMM* Membrane Roofing Systems Materials and System Discussion Terminology Application 27-29 KMM Roofing Specifications Specification No. 610-620 Specification No. 630 Specification No. 690 30-32 KMM Flashing Specification Specification No. 710 Specifications No.720-730 Specification No. 760 Flashing Details 33-36 Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems Coal Tar Membrane Waterproofing KMM Membrane Waterproofing Specifications No. 640-650 36 Liquid and Mastic Applied Waterproofing and Dampproofing Systems Hydroshield Mastic 451 Liquid Asphalt 480 37-40 Exeltherm* Roof Insulation General Conditions Exeltherm Installation 41-43 Koppers Reinforcement Fabrics Specification and Technical Data 44-47 Roof Maintenance Products and Systems Roof Resaturants Heavy Duty Roof Shield System Koppers Aluminum Roof Coatings This roofing specification manual contains the latest and best avail able information as derived from Koppers long experience in the roofing industry. The design criteria and details contained herein have been compiled and are offered as a guide for consideration to assist the architect, owner and roofer in an attempt to provide the best roof possible for long, trouble-free service. Responsibility, however, for design of any roofing system, remains with the architect or engineer and building owner. The contents of this manual are subject to change at the discretion of Koppers Company, Inc. as future developments and expe rience are achieved. ."rcc'jci Golds The products listed below are manufactured to meet tne highest auaiity stanaards set by Koooers Comoany. Inc. They are formulated soecifically for use m roof and roof main tenance ana waterDroofmg aoolications Additional information on these products may be obtained in other sections of this manual or by contacting your Koooers reoresentative. The products listed below are manufactured to meet applicable Federal and ASTM specifications, if a certification is required on any of these products, it must be requested at the time of order placement. Products Description Federal Spec. ASTM Spec. Page No. Bitumens Coal Tar Bitumen Asohalt Type III Coal Tar based roofing ana waterproofing bitumen Petroleum derived asohalt suitable for roofing applications Type ill--Steep asohalt) * D-4S0-78 Type III D-312-78 Type ill 12 12 Felts *15 Tarred Felt Coal Tar Saturated Organic Fiber Felt *43 Coated Base Sheet Membrane system KMM* Aluminum Membrane KMM" Standard Membrane Asphalt Saturated and Surface Coated Organic Fiber Felt Aluminum Surface--Single Ply--Five layer laminated roofing membrane Single Ply--Five layer laminated roofing and waterproofing membrane HH-R-595 B Type 15 C Style A * * D-227 0-2626 * 12 12 21 21 Insulations Exeltherm' Urethane Insulation Exeltherm" Composite insulation Closed cell urethane foam with integrally bonded asphaltsaturated felt skins Closed cell urethane foam laminated to perlite board HH-I-530A Type 1 Class II Grade 2. Style D HH-I-53QA Type 1 Class II Grade 2 Style E 37 37 Fabrics Tar or Asohalt Saturated Cotton .Std Grade) Tar or Asonalt Saturated Cotton .Spec Grade! Giasfab" Glascoat' Jute U F Mat .White) U F Mat .Coated) Standard Mesh Heavy Duty Mesh Stonemat Roof cements Flash-on *441 Flashing Cement Hydroshield Tar Roof Cement 4-- A woven cotton fabric saturated with tar or asphalt A woven cotton fabric with higher thread count than above grade A woven glass membrane available in 20 x 10 or 20 x 20 threads per inch--asphalt or tar coated Same as above, except coated with white resin Asphalt saturated iute. commonly referred to as treated burlap A white, lightweight mat comprised of fine glass filaments in a random arrangement reinforced with a swirl pattern Same as above, coated with asphalt Medium weight, white glass strands bound together in a random pattern Heavy asphalt saturated glass fibers in lackstraw pattern A polyester underlayment for KMM loose aggregate topping SS-C-450e HH-C-4666 HH-8-00800 Flashing cement formulated for weathering and flow resistance Not as heavy consistency as Flash-on *441 Asphalt cutback. Formulated for application in all weather. Readily bonds to wet surface. Trowel or brush grades. Tar based plastic cement SS-C-153 Type 1 SS-C-153 Type 1 SS-C-153 Type II D-173 D-1668 -80 0-1327 * 0-2822 Type 1 0-2822 Type 1 * c 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 43 43 21 36 - KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Products Roof costings Emulsions Liquid Asphalt 480 Description Asphalt emulsipn. Will not alligator if properly applied. Heavy bodied, exceptionally high quality, non-fibrated clay emulsion. Liquid Asohalt 472 Liquid Asonalt 484 Bituminous Aggregate Binder (BAT) Cutbacks Asphalt Roof Coating 454 Asphalt emulsion. High quality asbestos fibrated, medium body, clay emulsion Fiber glass reinforced, asohalt emulsion For use with the KMM BAT Topping only Medium body, asbestos fibrated cutback coating Fiber Coating 415 Resaturtnts Roof Resaturant 425 Roof Resaturant 410 Primers High-Pen Primer 452 Coal Tar Concrete Priming Oil Adhesives CP Adhesive KMM Adhesive Reflective roof coatings Alum. Roof Coating 434 Tar cutback. Penetrates and resaturates tar and gravel roofs Asphalt Cutback. Combines maximum penetration and coating properties Highest quality tar resaturant available. Excellent penetration and softening qualities. Thin asphalt cutback orimer with maximum penetrating capabilities Coal tar based primer for roofing and waterproofing applications Superior asphalt cutback adhesive for asohalt felt applications A tenacious asphalt adhesive formulated specifically for adhering KMM membrane Contains 3 lbs. aluminum paste per gallon. Non-fibrated. Alum. Roof Coating 435 Alum. Roof Coating 444 Alum. Roof Coating 445 Colored Roof Coating (White) Caulkings Acrylic 4400 Reinforced with asbestos fibers. Contains 3 lbs. aluminum paste per gallon. Contains 2 lbs. aluminum paste per gallon. Non-fibrated. Contains 2 lbs. aluminum paste per gallon. Reinforced with asbestos fibers. White acrylic emulsion decorative coating. To be used over new Liquid Asphalt 480. One part, gunnable. acrylic caulking. 'ApplieaM* SaCaral and/at ASTM OuMa taaeWaatloaa era not available lor thla produet. Federal Spec. ASTM Spec. * SS-R-1781 Type l * 0-1227 Type III D-1187 Type A D-1227 Type 1 e SS-A-694D SS-C-540b e D-2823 Type 1 N/A e SS-A-701 * 041 043 e TT-C-00493 TT-C-498B * * 02824 Type 1 02824 Type II * Psge No. 36 26 45 45 45 16 34 21 47 47 47 47 - V. 5 Xcppers Hoof Sond/Guarantses Program Bonds and/or Guarantees are available for listed roofing soecifications m this manual. To cualffy for a Koppen Roofing Bond or Guarantee, roofing and Hashing must be constructed In accordance with Koppen Specifications, with Koppen materials, and by a roofing contractor authorized by Koppen. Roof Bond Program Koppers bonds are available for 10.1S or 20 year terms, and only cover coal tar built-up roofing and KMM flashings where approved. Roof Guarantee Program Koppers offers the following Built-up Roof ing Guarantees: 10-Year Guarantee A ten-year guarantee with a ten-year renewal option--for 4 and 5 ply Coal Tar Bitumen roofing systems only. 5-Yeer Guarantee A five-year guarantee with a five-year renewal option--for 4 and 5 ply Coal Tar Bitumen Built-up Roofing Systems only. KMM Guarantee A five-year guarantee with a five-year renewal option. KMM membrane aoplications only. KMM/IRMA Guarantee A ten-year guarantee covenng watertight ness and insulation efficiency (80% of the ongmal thermal resistance). General requirements for bonded or guaranteed roof applications: 1. All roofing to be bonded/guaranteed must be constructed in conformance with Koppers specifications. Z Koppers bonds/guarantees are not avail able for residential roofing. 3. Koppers bonds/guarantees are transferable upon timely wntten notice of change of prop erty ownership. 4. Koppers bonds/guarantees are available within the Continental United States in all cases except those areas where Koppers does not presently provide inspection service. 5. Approved flashings may be bonded/guar anteed for terms up to but not exceeding the term for which the roof is bonded. 8. Charges for roofing bonds/guarantees are made on a per square (100 sq. ft.) basis of the roofing membrane. Coverage: Koppers roof bonds/guarantees provide for repairs of leaks to the roofing not occasioned by defects in the building, abuse or extreme weatner conditions dunng the term of the bond/guarantee up to the monetary umit specified in the bond. Roof boncs/guarantees DO NOT cover the repair, installation, or replacement cost of the following: 1. Decking materials. Z Vapor barriers. Z Insulation products `exceot KMM/IRMA system). 4. Metal work. 5. Products in the roof assembly furnished by others. 8. Damage to me bonded roofing or (lashing caused by the use of the products listed m t through 5 above, their installation or attach ment. 7. Vandalism or owner abuse. Koppers reserves the ngnt to cancel any bond/guarantee if the roof is damaged due to causes not covered by me bond/guarantee if it is determined that the roofs satisfactory performance for me remaining term of the bond/guarantee is impaired. Cancellation due to damage of mis type does not provide for any refund of me onginai cost. Specification Reference Guide Type System Coal Tar Bitumen Coal Tar Bitumen Loose Laid Membrane Aggregate Topping Loose Laid Membrane Bituminous Aggregate locoing Adbered Membrane Aluminum Surface insulated Roof Membrane Assembly Deek Slope Spec. No. COAL TAR BUILT-UP ROOFING SYSTEMS Nailable 4 max. 210 Non-nailaple 4 insulation 4 max 220 KMM ROOFING SYSTEMS Nailable Norwiailaple & Insulation 1" max. 610 Nailable Non-nailabla 4 Insulation Nailable Norvnailable 4 Insulation 14" max. 620 V* Minimum 630 Positive Drainage Nailable Non-Neilable insulation 2" Maximum 'i'* Minimum Positive Ortmage 690 Construction 4 and S oly tarred felt 4 ply tarred felt KMM Standard Memorane KMM Standard Memorane KMM Aluminum Membrane KMM Standard Memorane Page 13 u 27 27 28 29 s Xcppers 3'S:]:-'Cz P,cc::r\g 3y- Coal Tar Sii-msr: ?.cz::; Materials and System Discussion /'"'v KOPPERS 7 I KOP Architectural and Construction Materials t Inscription Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen built-up roofing -systems consist of alternate layers of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen and Koppers tarred felt, surfaced with a heavy top pour ing of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen into which is embedded an aggregate. Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen built-up roofing systems are used whenever a roof is exposed to water and/or corrosion, and on all level or low sloped rooft,where minimum main tenance is required.' has a property known as "cold flow" which automatically corrects these conditions before serious damage takes place. This cold flow" feature heals small mechanical fractures at normal temperatures. 3. Application improvements. Because Koppers has expertise in the chemistry of aromatic coal tars. Coal Tar Bitumen was developed with the beneficial features of low fume evolution at applica tion temperatures, thus reducing potential irritation during application. Koppers does, however, permit slopes up to two (2) inches per foot at flashings that incorporate tapered cants and for short run crickets or saddles for drainage, oroviaed there are provisions for adequate back nailing, and these crickets or saddles do not cover more than 15% of the roof area. All felts must be backnailed on slopes onehalf (h) inch per foot or more. For recom mendations on roofing procedures for sfooes over 4 inch per foot, consult your Koppers representative. Coal Tar Bitumen built-up roofing provides one of the most durable roofing systems known due to its inherent superior water proofing and weathering characteristics. This is THE time proven roofing system for level and low sloped roofs. Coal Tar Bitumen provides numerous advan tages to an owner. The superior performance of coal tar roofing systems m the areas listed below make coal tar roofing systems unique m the roofing industry. 1. Coal Tar Bitumen has natural resistance to water, air and water vapor penetration. A tight molecular structure enables Coal Tar Bitumen to resist water penetration and oxidation of the roof surface. 2. Another unique feature of coal tar roofing is its self-healing ability. Alligatormg and hairline cracks common to most materials, eventually cause damage to the roofing membrane. Coal Tar Bitumen These features represent significant improvements which are in consort with the aims of government, labor, and industry in the areas of reduced air pollution and im proved worker conditions. J " 3C 1. All dead" level roofs 2. Ail water cooled roofs 3. Low sloped roofs with occasional ponding 4. Low sloped roofs with retarded drainage 5. All buildings with level or low sloped roofs that are built for long service life 6. Roofs in most highly corrosive atmo spheres Koppers recommends that the maximum roof slope oe one-half (K) inch per foot for all built-up Coal Tar Bitumen roof systems. Underwriters Laboratories. Inc Building Materials Directory. TFJR-Built-Up Roof Covenng Matenals Lists Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen and tarred felts for use m construc tion of Class A and B built-up roof coverings. Additional References: Roof Deck Con structions are listed under U. L. Guide No (360 RO) TGKX. Roof deck construction materials, such as vapor barriers, insula tions. and adhesives are listed under U L. Guide No. (360 R13) TGYV Koppers Bonds/Guarantees are available for 5.10.I5_and 20 year terms Roof bonds/ guarantees cover ONLY the built-up roofing and flashing membrane. For further details, please refer to Page 6 of this manual. 7 Oca 1 Tar Bitumen 3ui]*-Up Beefing General Requirements and Special Conditions 3oof Structure System in any building tne performance of the Built-Up Roofing will be affected to some degree by all of the carts of the roof structure system as well as the inside and outside atmospheric environment Eacn component snoufd be investigated for its compatibility with each of the others. The roof structure system may include any or all of the following: Outside Atmospheric Conditions Roofing System Peripheral Details (Flashings) insulation (if oresent) Vaoor Barrier (if oresent) Structural Deck including sub purlins (supports) Structural Framing Air Space (if oresent) Ceiling (if oresent) Interior Air Conditions You will find information m this manual per taining to materials and application methods other than for built-up roofing. They are offered to assist the designer in establishing their normal position m the roof structure system They should not be construed as oart of the duilt-uo roofing system, as endorsement, nor as oart of the designated soecifications other man to establish a suit able roofing base in the roof structure system. The oroDer design, specification and posi tioning of the various components of the roof structure system is the responsibility of the building owner or his designer. Any subseouent failures, due to either me instal lation or lack of installation will not be Koopers responsibility The deck is the base over whicn the built-uo roofing, or insulation ana built-uD roofing is aooiied Where the term peek is used in this manual without reference to insulation, it shall designate the surface over which roof ing is to oe aooiied. All pecks snail be clean, smooth, dry. rigid and free of debris. Any deck defect shall be corrected before appli cation of roofing All decks snail be installed m accordance with the deck manufacturers specifications and shall be in compliance with KoDDers General Requirements, in aDoroving any deck as satisfactory to receive a Koppers roof, only the deck sur face is accepted it is the responsibility of the building designer and the deck manu facturer to provide for expansion and con traction m a manner that will provide a stable base for the roofing: for suooort of maximum anticioated loads: secure attachments vertically and laterally, and the selection of the deck material and construction details including their ability to contain bitumens. KOPPERS WILL NOT ASSUME RESPON SIBILITY FOR DECK DEFECTS OR BITUMEN SEEPAGE.) The placing of conduits, bolt heads, etc., above the roof deck and below the roofing membrane is not recommended. All projections or openings m the deck should be completed prior to the application of the roofing. 8 Optimum adhesion to the deck is necessary for good roof performance Where Koppers Bitumen or steep asphalt is used as an adhe sive. questionable decks may be tested for dryness and adhesion by pounng one pint of the bitumen, heated to application tem perature. over a representative area or areas of the deck. The deck is not satisfactory if the bitumen foams or bubbles, or upon cooling to ambient temperature may be stripped clean of the deck. When decks can not be sufficiently cleaned to permit adequate adhesion a primer is required. c.If UL and FM requirements are a factor for insurance reasons, the insulation anc adhe sive must be listed ana approved m accoraance with their current data. In areas that may exceed the V per 'oot maximum slope requirements (short run cnckets. saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strios must be provided wnen the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. Application at Roofing Membrane For application of roofing materials over the insulation, follow Specification No 220. Page 14. Msial Decks Metal Decks: Decks of this type must also be free from loose rust and oily substances. It is absolutely necessary to install board type insulation on a metal deck before the Koppers roofing is applied. A metal deck must be clean, smooth, and properly anchored to the steel purlins and all joints correctly lapped and fastened. Type of metal deck, flute opening and vari ous other factors determine the type and thickness of insulation required. Consult your Koppers representative for recom mendations. Metal roof decks shall be designed so that they will not have a deflection exceeding 1/240 of clear span under all types of loads (live & dead). Designer should take into account roof traffic conditions including mechanical equipment used for roof application. Note: When applying insulation and roofing over a perforated or acoustical type metal deck, it is recommended that a vapor barrier be installed prior to the application of the insulation or that a base sheet set in steep asohalt be utilized as the first ply of Built-Up Roofing. This is to reduce the possibility of Bitumen drippage. Application of Vapor Retarder Below Insulation (Fait Type Vapor Retarder) Coat the nbs of the metal deck with Steep Asphalt and then install two (2) full thick nesses of Koppers No. 15 Asphalt Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen U9) inches over the preceding sheet, mopping with Steep Asphalt the full width of the nineteen (191 inch lap. Extend and adhere all felt up vertical surfaces to a dimension 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. Attachment of Insulation Install insulation with steep asphalt or approved mechanical fasteners. See 'Attachment" Page 10. a. When attachment is made with steep asphalt it shall be applied to deck at rate of 12 to IS lbs. per 100 sq ft., place insulation while steep asphalt is still molten to provide good adhesion. b. if slope of deck is one-half (%) inch per foot or more, insulation must be able to retain nails. In addition to being set in steep asphalt, insulation must be fastened to the metal deck with approved mechanical fasteners in accordance with FM require ments. If two layers of insulation are specified, top layer |omts shall not coincide with |Oints of bottom layer P-scast Structunl Concrsts Sections Precast concrete structural sections demand the same recommendations as poured con crete decks, although the presence of mois ture. due to insufficient drying time, s not likely. If the contractor finds one or more slabs resting unevenly, with edges proiecting above the surface, this should be corrected by resetting or leveling off. Leveling off should be gradual and smooth to permit insulation full contact with the substrate. Open-cell aggregate concrete is not acceptable for filling or leveling low areas. Ail joints, grouted or not. should be caulked, with trowel-grade asphaltic plastic cement. Slab sides and ends should be square, rest firmly and evenly on supporting members, and be installed to prevent lateral and vertical movement Application of Vapor Relarder Below Insulation 1. On precast concrete slab or tile deck, strip mop with Coal Tar Bitumen up to four (4) inches from the edge of each joint Not less than 30% of the surface must be mopped, at a min. rate of 10 lbs. per 100 square feet. 2. Lay over the entire surface two (2' full thicknesses of Koopers Tarred Felt, laopmg each sheet nineteen (19) inches over the preceding sheet--mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) inches so that in no place shall felt touch felt. 3. Extend and adhere all plies of felt up to vertical surfaces to a dimension 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. Application of Insulation: Over Vapor Ratardar Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface. While hot. embed the insulation. If there are two (2) layers of insulation (e.g. as required for pre-stressed concrete sections) mop the entire surface of the first layer with Coal Tar Bitumen While hot embed the second layer of insulation. Application of Insulation Directly to Deck Over precast concrete or tile deck, strip mop with Coal Tar Bitumen up to 4" from the edge of each joint Not less than 30% of the surface must be mopped at a minimum rate of 10 lbs. per 100 sq. ft. While the bitumen is still hot. embed the insulation. See insulation section. Page 11. Insulation joints shall not coincide with joints of the precast units. Application of Roofing Materials to Deck On precast concrete slab or tile deck, strip mop with Coal Tar Bitumen up to four 4) inches from the edge of each iotnt. Not less than 30% of the surface must be mopped, at a minimum of 10 lbs. per 100 square feet koppers 7 1 KOP Architectural ana Construction Materials Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 220. in areas that may exceed the V per foot maximum slope requirement (snort run crickets, saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be Pack nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. Lightweight insulating Concrete Lightweight Insulating decks include light weight aggregate concrete (20 to 40 lbs. per cu. ft. oven dry density); foamed concrete, gypsum and thermosetting asphaltic decks. Except for Dycon* Concrete, lightweight insulating deck systems must be capable of venting excess water vapor to the under side. Koopers will not accept these light weight insulating decks to be placed over vapor barriers, poured concrete substrates, unvented metals, or any type of base which will not permit these materials to vent from the underside. This is necessary to prevent a water vapor pressure buiio-up under the built-up roofing. Occasional, or spot vents through the roofing as the only venting method are not satisfactory substitutes for underside. in addition, lightweight insulating decks shall have sufficient cohesive strength to provide firm attachment of the roofing to the deck and framing to prevent wind uplift damage or blow-offs. Nailable decks must oe capable of developing at the very mini mum. a 40 pound nail oull-out or withdrawal strength. If the materials do not achieve this value, additional fasteners will be required over and above those quantities described m the ensuing specification (standard approximately 100 fasteners per square) to acnieve a minimum attachment standard of 40 ib. per square foot. Koppers will not be responsible for failure of the insulating deck to remain integral or for disbonding of the roofing from the surface of the deck. Provisions should be made wherever possi ble to provide additional venting such as notched wood perimeter nailers, etc., in conjunction with the venting from the under side of the deck, if board tyoe insulation is to be applied over a lightweight insulating deck, provisions must be made between the fill and the board insulation to prevent fill moisture from affecting the insulation and roofing. Thermosetting Asphaltic Concrete When applying the roofing membrane directly over a thermosetting Asphaltic Concrete, follow Specification 210 except the first ply of the roofing membrane must be a base sheet set in a solid mopping of steep asphalt. Application of Membrane Below Board-type Insulation 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than mne (9) inches and stagger nailed down center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. 2. Extend and adhere all plies lo vertical sur faces to a dimension 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. For vapor barrier provisions contact your Koppers Representative. Application of Board-type Insulation Over Membrane Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface and. wnile hot. embed the insulation. If there are two (2) layers of insulation mop the entire surface of the first layer with Coal Tar Bitumen and, while hot. embed the second layer of insu lation. For application of roofing materials- over insulation follow Application Specification No. 220. Application of Roofing Materials to Deck 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than nine (9) inches, and stagger-nailed down the center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers. 2. Over the base sheet apply three (3) plies of Koppers Tarred Felt, lapoing plies twentyfour and two-thirds (24fS) inches. Where slope of deck is one-half (.4) inch per foot or more, nail each sheet of felt six (6) inches from the back edge on twenty-four (24) inch centers. All laps shall be mopped with Coal Tar Bitu men the full twenty-four and two-thirds (24^) inches, so that in no place shall felt touen felt. 3. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 210. Note: In areas that may exceed the V per foot maximum slope requirement (short run cnckets. saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing stnps must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. Poured Gypsum Precast Gypsum The same recommendations applying to precast concrete slabs apply to precast gypsum slabs and gypsum metal bound planks, except that the first oly of the roof ing membrane must be a coated base sheet fastened in accordance with the base sheet alternate. See Page 12. All uneven slabs should be reset or leveled off so that the roof will be laid on a flat and even surface, free from projections and low areas. Because these slabs are precast, the possibility of a high moisture content being present is more remote than in the poured gypsum roof or lightweight insulating concrete roof deck. Poured gypsum decks sometimes cause trouble because the built-up roofing is laid before the deck is thoroughly dry. When this happens the result is a blistered and buckled membrane, or. just as serious, insulation curls and makes an unsatisfactory job. The roofing contractor, backed by the architect, must insist on a thoroughly dry deck before beginning work. He should also see to it that the deck is free of loose sand, frozen scale and other foreign matter. Projections should be removed, low points filled with cement grout or other suitable material, ana an cracks oomted up Application of Membrane Below Insulation 1. Apply over ent.re surface one 1 oiy of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sneet and nailing at lap no less than nine i9) inches and stagger nailed down center of eacn sheet on nine (9) inch centers. 2. Extend and adhere all plies to vertical sur faces to a dimension 6" aoove the olane of the insulation surface. For vapor retarder provisions contact your Koppers Representative. Application of Insulation Over Membrane Apply a uniform coating of steep asphalt over the entire surface, and, while hot emoed the insulation, if there are two (2) layers of insulation mop the entire surface of me first layer with steep asphalt, and. while hot. embed the second layer of insulation insu lation joints shall not coincide with joints of precast units. For application of roofing materials over insulation follow Application Specification No. 220. Application of Roofing Materials to Deck 1. Apply over entire surface one (1) ply of Koppers coated base sheet, lapping each sheet four (4) inches over preceding sheet and nailing at lap no less than nine (9> inches, and stagger-nailed down the center of each sheet on nine (9) inch centers 2. Over the base sheet apply three -.3) plies of Koppers Tarred Felt, lapping plies twentyfour and two-thirds (24*5) inches. Where slope of deck is one-half (h) inch per foot or more, nail each sheet of felt six (6) mcnes from the back edge on twenty-four ;24; inch centers. 3. Complete the system in accordance with Specification No. 210. Note; In areas that may exceed the per foot maximum slope requirement i short run crickets, saddles or cants) all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails Coal Tar Bitumen Built-Up Roofing (continued) Poured Portland Cement Concrete The deck surface must be smooth, dry. ana free of dirt, dust and deDris. Projections should oe removed, low ooints filled with cement grout or other suitable material, and all cracks oomted uo. Roof deck snail be orooeriy graded to outlets. Application of Vapor Ratardar Below Insulation 1. ADbiy a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen to the deck. 2. Lay over the entire surface two (2) full thicknesses of Koopers Tarred Felt, lapping each' sheet nineteen (19) inches over the oreceamg sheet--mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) inches so that in no place snail felt touch felt. 3. Extend ana adhere all biles of felt to vertical surfaces to a dimension 6" above the plane of the insulation surface. Application of Insulation Apply a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen over the entire surface into whicn. while hot. embed the insulation. If there are two (2) layers of insulation mop the entire surface of the first layer with Coal Tar Bitumen into which, while hot. embed the second layer of insulation. Application of Roofing Materials Ovar Insulation or Pack install the roof in accordance with Specifica tion No. 220. in areas that may exceed the per foot maximum slope requirement (short run crickets, saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. V'cccJ Plank. Plywood Wood snail be well seasoned, dry and preferaoly treated. End lOints shall have adeauate bearing. Loose or void knot holes, large cracks, etc., snail be covered with sheet metal. Lumber shall be a minimum of 1" nominal thickness. Plywood (exterior grade) shall be a minimum of -j" thickness. Hot Coal Tar Bitumen should never be applied directly to a wood aeck. Sandwiched between the heat from above and the heat from below, such material finds its way through the boards into the building. Good practice demands the cushioning and blotting effect of a layer of sheathing paper followed by layers of dry felt Shiplap and square edge boards should be avoided where possible if the underside of the roof deck is exposed to air pressure created from open doors or windows, tongue-and-grooved lumber should be used. Preparation Below Insulation 1. The wood roof deck snail be covered with one 11! layer of aporoved rosin-sized sheath ing paper weighing approximately five (5) pounds per one hundred (t 00! square feet. The sheathing paper shall be lapped two (2) inches and secured to the deck by occasional nailing. 2. Two full thicknesses of Tarred Felt shall be laid over the entire surface, lapping each sheet nineteen (19) inches over the preto ceding sheet and nailing on 8W centers, one inch from edge lap. When the roof insulation is to be nailed and a vapor retarper is not required, the two pnes of tarred felt may be omitted: however, the sheathing paper is required. Application of Vapor Retarder Below Insulation Note: When vapor retarder is required, use these procedures in addition to Preparation Below insulation noted above. Lay over the entire surface two (2) full thicknesses of Kopoers Tarred Felt, lapping each sheet nineteen (19) inches over the preceding sheet--mopping with Coal Tar Bitumen the full nineteen (19) inches so that in no place shall felt touch felt. Application of Insulation I.Mop the entire surface with a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen into which, while hot. firmly embed the insulation. For application of roofing materials over insulation follow Application Specification No. 220 on Page 14. Application of Roofing Material# Directly on Wood For application of roof materials directly on wood decks follow Specification No. 210 on Page 13. in areas that may exceed the 'V per foot maximum slope requirement (short run crickets, saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing strips must be provided when the substrate is not considered capable of retaining nails. Structural Wood Fiber All decking must be installed in strict accord ance with the particular oeck manufacturer s recommendations for installation. Deck material must be protected during shioment. job site storage and prior to roofing applica tion. No planks which have become struc turally weakened due to moisture, fractures or mutilated edges may be used. All joints must be level and preferably grouted full and level with plank surfaces are recom mended by the deck manufacturer. All planks must be well anchored to supporting members to resist movement in a fashion recommended by the deck manufacturer. Any planks which bow or deflect or do not seat securely must be replaced. Respon sibility for the selection of a particular type of wood fiber deck, its installation, provision for expansion and contraction, its suitability to job requirements, and its ability to support anticipated loads in its environment rests with the designer and deck manufacturer. Decks of these types, whether grouted or not. shall be caulked with Koppers Flashing Cement which shall be applied so that the too surface is level and smooth. Felt strip ping four (4) to six (6) inches wide set in a troweling of the cement is required to assist in leveling uneven joints and bridge the joint openings thus providing a better sur face for the roofing materials. Caution: care must be taken to avoid bitu men arippage. Application of Insulation Install insulation in a uniform coating of Type III steep asphalt. Nailable insulation not exceeding one (1) inch thick may be installed using 1H inch Simplex Tube-Lok nails m accordance with the insulation manufacturers specification installation of roofing over insulation shall be as per spec ification outlined below with base sheet mopped solidly to the insulation .n steep asphalt as the first ply. For bondea roofing apohcations. fasteners, other than Tube-Lok nails, must be acceotable to Kopoers. Fasteners snail be applied at the minimum rate of one ; 1' per square foot as recommenced by me Structural Wood Fiber Products Association Application of Vapor Retarder Below Insulation Install two (2) plies of No. IS asohait felt lapped nineteen (19) mcnes in Type ill steeo asohait. Plies shall be moooea solidly so that m no place snail felt touch felt, install insulation in solid mopping of steeo asonait. Application of Roofing Materials Direct to Deck Install roofing in accordance with Soecification No. 220 except that a base sheet, set m steep asphalt, must be substituted as the first ply. See "Base Sheet Alternate' Page 12. Complete the system m accordance with. Specification No. 220. In areas that may exceed the V per foot maximum slope requirement (short run cnckets. saddles or cants), all plies of tarred felt must be back nailed. Wood nailing stnps must be provided when the substrate >s not considered capable of retaining nails. Material Protection It is the responsibility of the roofing con tractor to protect all roll roofing materials and roof insulation from ground or con struction moisture and weather before ana during construction. Attachment Maximum adhesion or secure attachment of all components in the roofing assembly is necessary for satisfactory long term per formance of the roofing membrane. Adhe sive and/or fastener quantities specified by the manufacturer must be capable of passing a minimum uplift resistance of 40 pounds per square foot ipsf). When Building Code requirements dictate a higher uplift resistance than our minimum requirement, additional fasteners or adhe sive will be reauired over and above the Quantities described m the ensuing specifi cations. Solid moppings of hot applied bitumen have been found to provide an uplift resistance in excess of 120 osf. Strip moppings of hot applied bitumen have been found to provide an uplift resistance in excess of 60 psf. When nails or fasteners are used, they must be nailed through flat tin disks or have sufficiently large heads to prevent fracture or puncture through the roofing felts. The following are the names of some manu facturers who provide nail and/or fastening devices for use with built-up roofing: E/S Products. Inc. New Rochelle. NY Simplex Nail & Manufacturing Corp Americus. GA KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Independent Nail Coro. Bridgewater. MA . G Building Fasteners Coro. New York. NY Hot aooiied adhesives or mechanical fasteners are the preferred means of attachment. Koppers will not be responsible for any damage caused by or the result of unsatis factory attachment. For further information contact your Koopers reoresentative. Expansion Joints (Building) Since all materials expand and contract due to temperature and/or moisture, the use. location, and design of building exoansion joints, especially in the roof structure system, should be taken into consideration at the time of original building design. Although provisions for adequate expansion joints are the responsibility of the building designer. Koppers offers the following recommendations for the protection of the roofing system against splits caused by exoansion and contraction of the building. Building expansion joints should be installed- 1. On roof areas larger than 200 feet in each direction 2. At all places where the"structural supports and roof assembly change direction 3. Where type of adioming deck materials change Where control or expansion-contraction joints are provided in the structural steel, deck material, or deck system, provisions must be made for continuation of this relief through the built-uo roofing system. Koooers realizes that in a climate controlled building there may be little or no expansion AFTER the building is in use. however, building expansion joints are still recommended based upon the following points: 1. During construction the building will not be under a steady state temperature/humidity condition so that thermal and moisture movement can be sufficient to fracture the roofing. 2. If no building expansion joint is provided the owner must keep the building at the steady state temperature and humidity con dition at ait timet, as holiday shut-downs can fracture the roofing due to the move ment of the roof system resulting from temperature/humidity variation. 3. If the occupancy is fairtylarge. the sudden entrance on a ramy day of many ram-soaked employees may cause moisture movement in the roof structure system which can fracture the roofing. Water Stocs (Temporary Protection) Water stops consisting of two (2) plies of tarred felt and moQpmg of Coal Tar Bitumen extending onto the deck and insulation at least 6" and 4". shall be applied at the end of each days work over exposed edges of insulation. These temporary protective measures must be removed cleanly from the insulation (top surface and vertical joint) and from the deck to ensure Hght insuistfoo joints aid level insulation surfaces. Improperly corrected water stops have been determined as a causa ot roof spNts and have prevented moisture vapor movement to vented edge details. Cut Offs k urethane product must be -rstailec 2irac? to the roof deck and a second layer of fiberboard. perlite board or glass liber roof insu lation installed over top. The joints ot the "Second layer must not correspond with that of the first, in lieu of the second layer' of insulation, a base sheet designed to allow (Psrmanent Installation) venting is acceptable. When using other than Venting of roof insulation at walls, curbs, eaves, etc. is recommended for all but a few special roof structures. Therefore, cut-offs koppers Exeltherm Urethane insulation con sult the manufacturers' literature for specific information. should not be installed at edges of insulation adjoining these areas for venting purposes. Cut-offs may be installed however, provided they are constructed to run in one direction continuously to vented edges and provided no section of the roofing is isolated or blocked from venting. Wood Nailing Strips All non-nailabte decks require wood nailing strips at eaves, edyes.-walls, roof coenmgs. etc. for"proper securement of metal flanges Nailers must be securely and firmly attacned to the deck or Jhrough to its suooorting memberaeNaildre shall extend not less than Vapor Retarders " . 1" beyond the aoron or flange. Vapor retarders are heat flow direction normally and/or used whaie the: humidity within . .Rooting slope of tetts for alt 4" perfoot deck areas having a or more must be back the building, during any' ctimne or occu pancy cycle, might cause th^dew point or - nailed and' therefore-non-naiiabie decks must be furmshed with`treated wood nailing condensation to occur under- (hp: built-up 'strips'-.treated- with a' material compatible roofing within the insulation chaftbae_.lt. is jtfth' bituminous roofing, important that the vapor retarder.' when installed, provide a continuous seal, (includ ing ventilators, skylights, penphera! walls, Cold Storage and Freezer 3uiidings and other terminations) from the source of the water vapor. Insulation insulations come in varying thicknesses and sizes. Should the manner of attachment as suggested conflict with that specified by the individual insulation manufacturer, the insu lation manufacturers specifications shall be followed and in addition, shall be in compli ance with Koppers General Requirements. Good roofing practice dictates that the fol Koppers will not bond its built-uo roofing over these structures if insulation or insula tion and vapor barrier is installed over me deck unless there is an adequately ventilated . air space between the deck and insulated refrigerated area. For procedures on non-oonded Duiit-uo roofing applications, consult a Koooers representative. When a guaranteed system is required, refer to KMM Specifications. Page 23. lowing points be considered wnen specifying board type roof insulation. 1. The roofing insulation must be kept dry at all times. It must be of a tyDe approved by Koopers for use with a Koppers built-up roof. It should only be applied over a deck com plying with all of Koopers General Require Water Retaining and Retarded Drainage When the roofing system is subiected to common standing water or retarded drain age refer to the Special Applications Section. Page 15. ments. Temporary Roofing 2. if the roof deck slope is one-half (.4) inch per foot or more, the insulation must be able to retain nails or wood nailers must be installed perpendicular to the slooe at each course of insulation. Spacing ol nailers must be such that the insulation fits snugly with the nailers but must not be force fitted. Temporary roofing specifications are avail able for all Koooers Coal Tar Bitumen BuiltUp Roofing Systems. Consult your Koooers representative for recommended specifica tions over various type decks for temporary roof construction Reroofing Design 3. No more insulation shall be laid at anyone Considerations: time than can be protected by bitumen and During the reroof design and specification felt in case of sudden weather changes. phase, and pnor to commencement of reroof 4. Edges of insulation shall be brought ing work, it is the building owners responsibil closely together and shall not be forced into place. Where insulation joins vertical sur faces. the insulation shall be cut in a neat manner allowing approximately one-half (4) ity to have his architectural or consulting representative ascertain -f the existing root structure, with me new roof system .nstailed. will meet all local building structural cooes inch clearance. if additional insulation is to be a part ol me 5. When more than one (1) layer of insulation is used, joints m each layer shall not coin cide. All layers shall be parallel to preceding new roof system, an evaluation of me dew point and its effect on the roofing system should be determined. layers. Note: Koppers will not De responsible for any Note: When urethane or urethane composite roof insulation is specified, it must be installed in a double layer application The appropriate damage caused by excess loads on structural systems or damage due to rate or change in location of new dew point 1. Application of BHumana Recommenced Weights per 100 sq. ft. (for estimating purposes only) Koppers Ccal Tar Bitumen Steep Asphalt Average Interply 25 lbs. 23 lbs. Top Coating 75 lbs. 60 lbs. Average interply weights are Pased on long years of experience in good roofing practice, and take into account a reasonable variation m the amount of bitumen absorbed in differ ent substrates, and the type of specification. Mopoings of bitumen between felts shall be continuous. Reft Shall Not Touch Fait It is generally agreed that maximum strength between layers of felt is achieved by the thinnest practical glue line of bitumen. Too thin a layer starves the lap. whereas an excessive layer can permit mteroly move ment on sloped roofs. Flood Coat The top pouring is most important, it must be thorough and uniformly covered with specification aggregate embedded into the bitumen while the bitumen is still hot. Recommended Temperature Limitations: Kettle Temo. koooers Coal Tar Bitumen 300-425F Point of Application Temo. 350-400F Steeo Asohait 350-475F 400-450F When roofing bitumens are excessively overheated and/or held for long periods of time, their waterproofing qualities are greatly reduced, and at the same time the volume of fuming is increased. In order to achieve the maximum benefits of low fuming and un equaled waterproofing performance, it is mperative that Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen be neateo within the temperature limitations listed above. Close supervision of heating is also good roofing practice for all bitumens, if heat is desired during a holding period at the jobsite while material is not being drawn off and replenished as under normal usage, kettle temperature should be reduced and not permitted to exceed 3S0F for Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen or 425F for steep asphalt. The kettle should be full lid closed. These temperatures are applicable to job condi tions and do not apply to holding or storage m kettles m excess of 4 hours. If bitumen is not to oe used for periods over 4 hours, the kettle should be shut off Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen may be contained in 1000 gal. or greater capacity heated and automatically controlled closed vessel tankers at 375F for periods not exceeding 96 hours. Application of Felt Plies of felt must be laid shingle fashion. Where a water flow direction exists, felts should be applied so that the direction of flow is not against the laps. Broom or press all plies of felt into the hot bitumen and lay without wrinkles, buckles or kinks, so that the finished roof is free of pockets or blisters. Each felt ply shall be completely covered with a complete mopping of bitumen. 12 The number of plies are controlled by vary ing wiotns of the edge laos. Four-ply (4) roofing, for example, is achieved by lapping each ply approximately twenty-seven and one-naif '27H) inches. Koppers felts are marked at the factory with lao lines for this purpose. Except as specifi cally provided for in Koppers specifications, application of felt lapping methods other than shingle fashion will not be permitted. When beginning a membrane roofing instal lation. appropriate width starting strips of felt shall be used at the starting point to achieve the specification ply build-up at that point so that successive felt applications will produce the ply requirements. Overlap ends of all connecting plies of felt (end laps) not less than 10 inches. End stripping or taping of these laps is not permitted. Application of Koppers Bitumen and Aggregate Surface The final application of Koppers Roofing is a triple weight application of Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen (approximately 75 Ibs./sq.) into which is distributed an approved aggregate while tne Bitumen is still hot. Benefits of aggregate surfacing 1. Protection from foot traffic of other trades during construction and afterwards for routine roof maintenance. 2. Weight as additional protection for wind uplift. 3. Reduced surface temperature. 4. Even flow of water to the drains. 5. Fire protection from burning brands. 6. Protect bitumen from the actinic rays of the sun 7. Most Important--by using an aggregate surface, an additional 75 Ib./sq. of Coal Tar Bitumen (the waterproofing agent) is included in the installation. The application of Koppers Coal Tar Bitu men and aggregate must be done at the time the felts are applied: except in periods of hot. dry weather, when morning dew is not expected, the top surfacing may be delayed ovemignt. When the specifier desires glaze coating and/or all work to be completed the same working day. he shall be responsible to so state this requirement in his specifications The aggregate surfacing must be applied into the too pouring while the bitumen is still hot so tnat a uniform layer will be embedded and adhered. The completed roof assembly will have a uniform aggregate surface. Depending on slag weights in certain parts of the country 400 lbs. of slag per square may be required. Occasionally on well applied roofs, small black globes known as "raspberries' or blackberries" will form in the roof surface. These are not detrimental to the roof Aggregate Surfacing The aggregate to be used should meet the ASTM Specification 01863-64. The basic requirementforthis aggregate are as follows: Sieve Size Total Passing, Percent Hu!*2-""ii 100 a9n0.-1in0n0 H" 40-70 No 4 0-15 No 8 0-5 Dust. max. pet. 0.5 Moisture, max. % crushed stone and gravel 0.5 Crushed roofing slag 5.0 Unit weignt (loose) mm. lb per cubic ft 60 Cold Weather Application When roofing ;s applied at temperatures below 453F soecial precautions must oe taken to insure the satisfactory oenormarce of the fimsneo roof Before applying -ocfing moisture, ce. snow surface .vater etc must be removed from tne deck. Hot applied bitumens tend to congeal rapidly in cold weather Extra care must ce taxen to set insulation or roofing as quickly as pos sible while the bitumen is still not When temperature is below 45 "F felt must be embedded in bitumen while it is still not and brocmed-in immediately with solid pressure1 to ensure necessary embedment into bitumen. Do not heat bitumens above the maximum temperature limit listed above to compen sate for rapid chilling. Insulated containers along with carefully timed material delivery methods, must be employed. Note Bitumen temperatures below those recommended at the "point of application1 can result in heavy interply quantities which m turn can potentially contnbute to the cause of membrane slippage. Base Sheet Alternate When substituted for the first ply in a solid mop application specification, the Base Sheet shall be embedded in a solid mopping of Koppers Steep Asphalt followed by thorough brooming to eliminate air pockets, wrinkles, fish mouths, buckles, etc. The remaining three (3) plies of tarred felt shall be solid mopped with Coal Tar Bitumen in accordance with the specification. When substituted in a nailing application specification, the Base Sheet may be used m lieu of the two nailed No. 15 tarred felts When rosin sized or sheathing oaoer is a part of the original specification it shall remain and be applied beneath the Base Sheet. Edge laps shall be 4" and end laos shall be 6" The nailing pattern for the Base Sheet shall be 9" on center through the lap and 2" from the edge lap and stagger-nailed down the center of each sheet on 9" centers. (Note: This is approximately 100 nails per square.) After applying a base sheet as the first ply on the four (4) ply roofing membrane, three (3) additional plies must be installed at once. When applying the additional three (3) plies of tarred felt, lap each ply shingle fashion 24 inches. Each ply must be solid mopped with Coal Tar Bitumen. When specifying the Base Sheet alternate use of the designation US as a subscript to the specification number, such as 210 SS (structural wood fiber deck). Note: If Koppers Asphalt Coated Base Sheet (ASTM 0-2626) is substituted for the first ply of the Coal Tar Bitumen roofing specifica tions, it must not be left exposed or used as a work surface or temporary root prior to roof completion. Good roofing practice dictates that the total roofing membrane be complete the same day. Xcppers Coal Tar Bitumen Built-Up Bcc'ir Spscificaiicn /NO. i"iU Supersedes Specs. No. 1. No. !2 KOPPERS 7 1 KOf Architectural and Construction Materials . ::i3C.3 C9c.<s :r:.iu;a:;cn: Plywood, wood plank, lightweight insulating concrete, pourea and precast gypsum ~'c ;3 .-equirsments: V per foot maximum. Materials Required per 100 sq. ft. of roof area (for estimating purposes) Rosin Sheathing Paoer* Tarred Felt (Nailed)** Tarred Felt (Mopped in Bitumen) Roofing 8itumen (3 moppmgs @ 25 lbs. each) Top Pour Coat Surfacing: Slag Gravel Wood Decks only. "Unless otherwise indicated. 1 ply 2 plies 3 plies 75 lbs. 75lbs. 300lbs. 400lbs. Procedure 1.General Requirements on Pages 8 through 12 and Flashing Detail Specifica tions on Pages 16 through 20 are a part of this specification and must be adhered to where applicable. 2. When a vapor retarder and/or roof insula tion are required, install in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and comply with Koppers General Requirements and Special Conditions. Follow Specification No. 220 for roofing matenals applied to insulation. Apoiication of roofing dirset fo roof deck: 1. Over the surface of the roof deck install one layer Rosin Sheathing Paper weighing approximately 5 lbs. per 100 sq. ft. Lao eacn sheet at least two (2) inches and nail suf ficiently to hold in place. (Wood decks only.) 2. Install two (2) plies of Koppers Tarred Felt over entire surface lapped nineteen inches. Nail on eight and one-half (8)4) inch centers one (1) inch from edge lap. Note: (This is approximately 100 nails per 100 sq. ft.) Nail shanks are to be of required length for maximum holding power. Lightweight insulating and gypsum roof decks require a base sheet as the first ply. Consult the appropriate deck requirements listed under General Conditions. 3. Over the entire roof area, apply three (3) plies of Koppers Tarred Felt lapping plies twenty-four and two-thirds (24?4) inches. All laps shall be mopped with Coal Tar 8itumen the full twenty-four and two-thirds (24?4) inches, so that in no place shall felt touch felt. 4. On snort run slooes. such as on crickets and saddles, one-half inch per foot or more, nail each sheet of felt six (6) inches from the back edge on twenty-four (24) inch centers. 5. Pour over the entire surface of the roofing membrane, a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen, and. while hot. embed not less than four hundred (400) pounds of gravel or three hundred (300) pounds of slag for each one hundred (100) square feet. v.. 13 Koppers Coal Tar Bitumen Built-Up Roofing (Continued) S racificaiicn No. 220 Supersedes Specs. No. 5, No. 10, No. 23, No. 17wi, No. 27 .'!cn-nai!aole decks Precast Concrete. Poured Concrete. Structural Wood Fiber* Rcof insulations: Various Decks. Slope requirements: 4" oer foot maximum. Material Required per 100 sq. ft. of roof area (for estimating purposes) Tarred Felt (Mooped in Bitumen) Roofing Bitumen (for mopping @ 25 lbs. each) Top Pour Coat Surfacing: Slag Gravel 4 ones 100 lbs. 75 lbs. 300 lbs. 400 lbs. 'NOTE: On structural wood fiber decks, the first ply must be a'Koppers coated base sheet set in a solid mopping of steep asphalt (see structural wood fiber, page 10). Procedure General Requirements on Pages 8 through 12 and Detail Specifications on Pages 16 through 20 are a part of this specification and must be adhered to where applicable. When a vapor retarder and/or roof insulation are reauired. install in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and comply with Koppers General Requirements and Special Conditions.* 1. Moo deck (or insulation--as applicable) completely with Coal Tar Bitumen. 2. Apply over the entire surface four (4) plies of Koppers Tarred Felt, lapping plies twentyseven and one-half (27H) inches. Mop solidly between each 27H inchjap with Coal Tar Bitumen so that in no place shall felt touch felt. 3. On short run slopes of one-half lls'- men per foot or more, such as on crickets and saddles, and when the deck permits nailing, nail along back of upper edge of each sheet on twenty-four (24) inch centers Where deck does not permit nailing, nailing strips are required and each sheet must be nailed along back or upoer edge at spaemgs to assure penetration of nailers. 4. Pour over the entire surface of the roofing membrane a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen, and. while hot. embed not less than four hundred (400) pounds of gravel or three hundred (300) pounds of slag for each one hundred (100) square feet. 14 Sceciai Applications Water Cooled Roofs Soray Systems Ponded Systems Water Retaining Roofs Process Water Retarded Coinage Sysiems Controlled Flow Discussion Due to Coal Tar Bitumen's natural resis tance to water, it may be utilized in the construction of built-uo roofing membranes that will be expected to hold water over long periods of time. When applying a membrane that is required to hold water, follow Spec ification 220 for applications over nonnailable decks (four plies of No. 15 Tarred Felt set m solid moooings of Coal Tar Bitu men). Note: The base sheet alternate shall not be used. When the roof is water cooled or has been designed to be continuously wet the too surfacing of bitumen and gravel must be applied as follows: 1. Pour over the entire surface of the roofing membrane a uniform coating of Coal Tar Bitumen. While hot. embed not less than four hundred (4001 pounds of gravel or three hundred (300) pounds of slag for each one hundred (100) square feet. 2. All loose gravel or slag shall be swept from surface and a second uniform pouring of approximately eighty-five (85) pounds of Coal Tar Bitumen snail be applied over the gravel or slag, into which while hot. shall be applied a second layer of three hundred (300) pounds of gravel or two hundred (200) pounds of slag for each 100 square feet. The entire surface shall then be thoroughly broomed free from all loose gravel or slag. It is advisable to roll the finished surface with a light roller so that aggregate is thoroughly embedded. 3. All flashings will be KMM membrane similar to Specification No. 710 on Page 16 except that a layer of Standard Grade KMM membrane must be installed totally substrate fused pnor to the application of the KMM Aluminum membrane top ply. NOTE: Roofs equipped with controlled flow drainage systems do not require the extra top pour and gravel application. Design consiceraticr, When designing a water cooled, water retaining or retarded drainage roof assem bly. certain design criterion must be considered. Note: 1. Due to the extremely heavy weight loads normally associated with retained water, pour and precast concrete or other heavy load bearing decks must be specified. Wood or metal decks should only be considered where ponded or standing water is at a minimum. Note: Decks requiring a base sheet as the first ply of the roofing system are not per mitted for this application. 2. Roof Structure design live loads for this application shall be a minimum of 50 psf and deflection shall not exceed 1/360 of the span, both in addition to the anticipated weight of the water, insulation joints must be taped in single layer applications. Vapor barriers must be two ply and solid mopped. Use steep asphalt over metal decks. Wood must be. treated to prevent warping (see "wood nailing strips'"). 3. At points where water pressure from a soray system may be excessive, the roof surface should be protected with treated board platforms or other suitable construc tion to break force of the water. These plat forms should be laid on top of the roof surface and not fastened to the deck. 4. Insulation under a Water Cooled Roof should be of a type which is rigid, dimen sionally stable with high compressive strength. 5. IT IS MANDATORY THAT THE WATER COOLING SYSTEM BE CLOSED DOWN AND THE ROOF DRAINED PRIOR TO COLD WEATHER. Neither roofing nor the structure will withstand the expansion caused by ice formation. KOPPERS 7 1 ,'KOP Architectural and Construction Materials 15 - A'^rrir^m Flashings )z: U33s v/i.vs Gcal iar 3;':-man Msrrira V ' <~i ~* tJ. --w ^>> * * w v* >r~O ~ rscr.piicn Flashings are the terminal closures of a roofing system which perform a waterproof ing, and m some systems, a decorative func tion Flashings must be installed at all intersections formed by vertical surfaces. Their importance cannot be stressed too strongly. Water entering the roofing system through flashings can destroy the effective ness of the roofing and insulation. Koopers flashings are an integral part of a Koopers roof. Designed for flexibility. KMM Aluminum flashings will provide many years of service. Flashings should be installed as roofing pro gresses to prevent possible water damage to the insulation and/or deck. Genersl .h=cj;r5.T.ents 1. All surfaces must be dry. frost free, reasonably smooth, clean, rigid and free from debris, loose materials, projections, holes, release agents or other contaminants which might cause rupture of the membrane and/or adversely affect the KMM membrane appli cation and performance. Dust shall be re moved from the surface immediately before application of the KMM Flashing system. Z If bonded/guaranteed flashing is required, it must be installed in conjunction with a Koppers bonded/guaranteed roof and can be bonded/guaranteed for standard penods up to but not greater than the penod for which the roofing is bonded/guaranteed. To be bonded/guaranteed, flashings must be set at least 10" above the roofing base. 3. Metal work of any description used as flashing or a part of a flashing system is not bondable and is not included under any flashing bond/guarantee. 4. Cant stops snail be set firmly into place with mastic or hot bitumen prior to laying roof membrane. 5. Porous walls must be pnmed with High Pen Pnmer 452 at a rate of ':-* gal/square Allow pnmer to dry (Minimum 4 hours), 6. Comers shall be lapped a minimum of 6" in each direction. 7. All metal to which KMM membrane will be fused shall be coated with High Pen Pnmer 452 or KMM Adhesive and allowed to dry before fusion of KMM membrane. I I.i ^ 1 J / 1 wt MVV 4 1-mwJ JfJ . ^ : ;r hashing \vi:h maximum height of 14" from roof surraca For flashing with maximum height of 28" follow Wail Flashing Specification No. 720 (See Page 31) For flashing with a height in excess of 28"folk>w High Wall Flashing Specification No.730 (See Page 31) Application Detail - -- ~3'"ij."2 1. KMM Aluminum membrane shall `be unrolled and cut to desired width and maxi mum length of 11 feet. Note: KMM Aluminum membrane is available in precut rolls 9". 12" and 18" wide by 33' long. 2. No. 710 Base Flashing shall be fused in place so that it extends a minimum 4" onto surface of roof and a minimum of 4" above termina tion of roofing membrane on wall. 3. Apply pressure to KMM Aluminum mem brane to obtain maximum contact to surface to which it is applied There shall be no voids under the Base Flashing membrane. It is imperative that complete attachment be obtained to roof surface, roofing membrane over cant, and the wall. A small bead of bitumen should be squeezed out at edges. 4. Subsequent stnps of Base Flashing shall be fused m place m the same fashion over lapping preceding stnp 4" Overlap shall be mterply fused to preceding stnp. Pressure shall be applied to surface of lap to insure adhesion. 5. There shall be no adhesive used in No 710 Base Flashing application. 6. The flashing must not remain open at the end of the work day. 7. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed flashing system at the end of each day s work. 8. A high quality varnish-base aluminum paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen. 9. Install metal counterflashing as required 10. Complete the top surfacing of the roofing membrane to the base of the cant stnp as may be specified. Note: Vertical flashing that terminates without use of metal counterflashing, must be stripped with 8" wide KMM Aluminum Membrane totally fused 4" onto the wall and 4" onto the KMM Aluminum Membrane. 16 KOPPERS 7 1. KOP Architectural and Construction Materials General information There are numerous flashing details that have been oroven by experience over the years. There are normally a number of acceotabie construction details for accomoiishing one purpose. The architect should select a detail that best serves the purpose under the various and different conditions concerned with the specific loo at hand in certain cases, slight modifications are necessary to adiust a oroven detail to lob conditions or one method may serve better than another. The details shown m this manual are some suggestions based on experience. Space limitations prohibit listing many others. Design or selection is a responsibility of the architect. Koooers representatives are available to review flashing details to assist the architect in providing the best details for specific jobs. Parapet/Precast or Poured Concrete Metal Counter Flasnmg id oe Sealed and 'Tigntened with Lead wedges. Raised Edge Metal Cao Sat in Koooers Flashing Camam Nails soaced 1" from adga of matai stno and 3' apart through neo* prana waaners. 4' x 6" Wood Cam KMM Flashing Koooars Roofing Nail 3" O C Treatad Wood Naiiar Treated Wood Nailer Note; Wall Shall be P'eoared to Eliminate Water Penetration Througn Concrete to Underside of Roofing Parapet/Metal Curtain Wail Metal Curtain Wail Decorative Wan Cao 1 Piy KMM Membrane Sto Grade) Set in Adhesive or HeaMused Treated Wood Nailer Fasteners Soaced t* from edge of Metal Stno ana 3" Aoarr through Neoorene Wasners Relief Joint Provide Slopa wnare Possible Flashing Spec *710 t Ply KMM Membrane (Std. Graoei Set m Adhesive or Heat-fused 2" x 10" Mm .Nom } Mm 10" Treated Wood Nailer Treated Wood Nailer Fastened to Deck Cam 4" x 4" Equipment Support t Ply KMM Membrane (Std. Grade) Substrate Fused Flasnmg Soec *710 Lag Screw Neoprene Pao Sheet Metal Parapet/Wall Cap Metil Coumerttishmg ;When Required) Extend Downward 4" Set in Flashing Cement .Wall Cao . 1 Ply KMM Membrane (Std. Grade! Set m Adhesive or Heat-tused Wood Cam *' x *" Treated Wood Nailers Treated Wood Nailer 'Cementitious Wall 17 Flashing Details (continued) Structural Arttcrvnant witn Water Saal teg. bolt mrougn Ncorn Waaner) v Neoorane Pad 1 Ply KMM Momeran# iStd. Grade) Substrate Fused Fiasnmg Specs #710 Cam Treated wood Nailer Surrounding Column Stub Column Attaened to Structural Framing Future Columns, Sign Supports and Angle Irons At all locations where stub or future columns, sign suooorts and angle irons are to penetrate built-up roofing, Koppers recom mends wooden curbed base units with cant strips to be installed to accept KMM flashing systems. Where structural steel section extends beyond "stub" height, metal cap flashing with tight fit to the structural section must be fabricated and continuously welded to the proiection to assure a watertight metal cap. rip Flashing Sat in Koooara Loom insulation Curbed Expansion Joint Curb expansion (oints are to be flashed in accordance with Koooers specifications for parapet walls. Metal cap must be designed to expand so as not to disturb flashing. It is the responsibility of the designer of the building to provide for adequate expansion joints. For the orotection of the roofing system against splits caused by expansion and contraction. Koooers recommends that an expan sion iomt be installed: (1) on roof areas larger than 200 feet m each direction. !2) at all places where the structural suooorts and roof assembly change direction, (3) where type of adjoining deck materials cnange. Where control, expansion, or contraction joints are provided in structural steel, deck material, or deck system, provisions must be made for continuation through the roofing system. See .Expansion Joints) Page 11. 18 Roof Drain All roof drains shall be provided with metal roof dram flashing flanges which extend at least 12" beyond dram opening and shall be stripped with felt in accordance with dram detail. Alt drams should be provided with expansion joint sleeves. The sheet metal flange furnished with the drain must be cemented to the surface of the felt with hot Coal Tar Bitumen or flashing cement. Over the flange apply, with alternate moppmgs or trowelings. two (2) reinforcing plies of felt so that the first extends not less than three (3) inches beyond the outer edge of the flange, and the second not less than six (6) inches. Roof drains must be of a type provided with a wide lead or copper flange. Strainer construction should provide adiustment for meeting variations in roof level or sloper.' To obtain proper drainage, roof drains should be located at points of lowest expected deflection in roof deck. Note: Special care must be taken to prevent bitumen migration into dram openings. HOPPERS 7 1 KOf Architectural and Construction Materials Roof Vam with 5" Flange Set m Koooers Flashing Cement Two Plies of Felt Set in Bitumen For Wood Oecit* Fill AOout r Deeo with Cement Mortar Before Pouring Bitumen Koooers Buit-uo Roofing Cotionei' For added orotectian a metal cao fleshing may ae attached and sealed to me oroiection Metal Pin Set m Bitumen ano Filled witn Bitumen or Koooers Tar 8ased Cement ** * *r# Loose insulation * ** Roof Vent Koppers does not recommend occasional or soot vents through the roof as the only venting method or a substitute for underside or continuous vented systems. There may be certain instances where soot or mushroom type vents might be deemed advisable by the designer for a new building (eg. at exoansion iomts for vent relief on long run underside continuous venting systems, etc.) Pitch Pocket Although controversial, the `Pitch Pocket ` is one of the most frequently used design details. The sheet metal flange must be cemented to the surface of the felt with hot coal-tar-bitumen or flashing cement. Over the flange aoply. with alternate moopmgs. two (2! reinforcing plies of tarred felt so that the first extends not less than three (3) inches beyond the outer edge of the flange and the second no less than six'16) inches. Pill metal pan with hot coal-tar-bitumen or flashing cement. Paint exposed sections of ail reinforcing rods with dampproofing oaint. Walkways (Treated Wood Walkway) Traffic Pad Trsttsd Wooden TreetedPlenk Sleeoers in Bitumen WslKwty , ^S"8*TM"8^ ZPiyStnoBing Cga|Tjr Bitumen and Aggregate Ceramic Granule Surfaced Protection A99r&9ate Roof Opening Curbs extending a nominal 10 inches to 14 inches above roof surface shall be provided at all openings tor skylights, ventilators, expansion joints. eta. to provide for installation of KMM flashing. Skylight < Ventilator - nnnnnnnfMf Deck Wood Cant" * *" Treated Wood Nailers Flashing Sstcs *rto Koooers Roofing 19 Flashing Details (continued) Tapered Cant Flange wiatfi 4" minimum Gravel SlOD \ Minimum --A-4'' t" Heignt Metal Gravel Stoo Set m Koeoers Flasnmg Cement Felt Enveiooe Tapered Cant Nails soacea 1" from edge of metal stno ana 3" aoart m treated wooa nailing stno Twa Plies of Felt Featnered * over Flange m Coal Tar Bitumen or Tar Base Cement Taoerea Cant Max mcime V oer loot Roofing MemDrane System Ft'ange width 4'* minimum Grave) Stoo Minimum r Height Metal Gravel Stoo Set m Koooers Flashing Cement Metal Pitch Otm * Set m Koooen Flashing Cement Nails spaced 1" 4rom edge of metai stno and 3* aoat m treated wood nailing stno. Two Phea of Felt Feathered f over Flange n Coal Tar Bitumen or Tar Base Cement Tapered Cant Max incline 2" oer foot _Roofing Memorane System Treated wooa Nailer Treared Wood Nailer Hanging Gutter Koeoers Roofing \ Two Plies of Felt \ Set in Bitumen Aooroonst* Nails and Length Far Maximum Anchoraga Metal Gravel Step With " Flange -nr Bedaed m Kaooers iMiD Flisl1in9 Cement I * Felt Envelop* Set m Min. a" Wide Troweling -- of Koeoers Fleshing --~ Cement r Mm Edge Stno NailedS'OCj 30" OC Vented Edge Gravel Stoo neiled t'' from inner edge of Flange and 3" O C -Flange width 4" minimum pKoooers Roofing r- Two Phee of Pelt Feathered Over Flange m Coal Tar Bitumen or Tar Bate Cement .Tapered Cant Maximum incline-- V oer foot Flange Set in Koeoers Flashing Cement Felt Envelooe Insulation Treatad Wood Nailer ` Vent Mole Openings 18' to 24" Vent Pipes, Stacks, Flagpoles, and Other Projections Set m Koeoers Flashing Cement All vent pipes. stacks, flagpoles, or other projections penetrating the built-uo roofing, whether indicated on drawings or not. must have a orooer metal sleeve flashing with flange. Dan flashing with flange or other flanged flashing installed. Behind metal sleeves and beneath the roofing membrane next to deck install a metal bitumen dam as shown in detail. The sheet Set m Koeoers Flsshmg Cement metal flange must be cemented to the surface of the felt with a mopping of hot Coal Tar Bitumen. Over flangeaooiy. with alternate mooDings, two (2) reinforcing plies of felt so that the first extends not less than three (3) inches beyond the outer edge of the flange and the second not less than six (61 inches. 20 XMM' Msrrxrsns Syst3rr.s Materials and System Description KMM membrane is a versatile, prefabricated sneet of coid-aoplied roofing and water proofing material It is designed for applica tion in roofing, reroofing, maintenance roofing, foundations, plazas and various other areas of construction where effective waterproofing is reauired. KMM membrane is supplied in two types. KMM Standard Membrane . KMM Standard membrane is a five-layer laminate composed of a thick, flexible plastic core protected on each surface by a layer of modified bitumen and an outer film of polyethylene. KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Matanals Aluminufn Membrane KMM Aluminum membrane is a five-layer laminate composed of a thick, flexible plastic core which is protected on each side with a layer of modified bitumen. The too surface is a heavy, embossed aluminum sheet and the bottom surface is a film of polyethylene. is afforded to the KMM surface by other means. KMM Standard membrane is appro priate for use in vertically as well as hori zontally applied waterproofing systems wnere surface protection is specified. KMM Aluminum membrane is ideally used in roofing systems in which the roof slope is too steep to oermit aggregate surfacing, it is also employed m flashing systems. KMM membrane has good elongation prop erties to withstand normal structural move ment when recommended architectural practices are followed. It is suitable for application over most decks and commonly used insulating materials which provide con tinuous support for the KMM membrane. KMM membrane is simple to install. It results m a completely waterproof system, it is factory-made and provides a factory-assured duality material of uniform thickness ana composition. The function of the bitumen covering is to. serve as a carrier and protector of the central plastic core, to provide the basis for the neat fusion between the sheets and to ado to the water resistance of the laminate. The adhesion of the bitumen to the central core is positive and allows enough flexibility to give a floating membraneeffect in service Product Information KMM Membrane Roll Size Thickness (nominal) Weight (nominal) KMM Standard Membrane 43* x 33 L.F 118 so. ft. 107 sq. ft. coverage 160 mils I20lbs./roll (includes packaging Score) KMM Aluminum Membrane 43" x 33 L.F. 118 SO. ft. 107 sg. ft. coverage 120 mils 95 Ibs./roll (includes packaging a core) Both versions of KMM membrane are sup plied in the form of compact, ready-to-apply roils. Both KMM membranes are designed for use in various roofing and waterproofing applications. KMM Standard membrane, loosely laid, is normally used in roofing systems which incorporate an aggregate surface or where protection from the atmospheric elements KMM Adhesive A rapid setting, asphalt base adhesive that bonds KMM Membrane to most surfaces. Package Size: 5 gal. containers. Weight: Approx. 55 lbs. (includes container weight). Sionemai A polyester mat of high burst strength used under stone topping. Rolls are 8` x 450". Color Coatings for KMM Aluminum Me'ncrsr'e Field applied coatings for KMM Aluminum membrane are available in 14 colors For color selection consult Koppers Master Color Selection Chart 560-L unaer Kcooers Acrylic Emulsion Nos. 600 and 610 21 sr t f,i Jl J i 4 I ^ />* , o. r;. .o General P.ecuiremerus The data contained herein is primarily oriented toward rooting systems. However, much of the information is also applicable for waterproofing systems. Contact your Koopers representative for specific data concerning KMM waterproofing and/or further information pertaining to KMM roof ing systems. KMM Membrane is not intended to offer chemical resistance and must not be used on roofs subjected to corrosive or other wise damaging solutions, vapors, etc- .-.ccf Scruci'jr? System in any building, the performance of the roofing will be affected to some degree by all of the parts of the roof structure system as well as the inside and outside atmospheric environment. Each component should be investigated for its compatibility with each of the others. The roof structure system may include any or all of the following: Outside air conditions Roofing system Peripheral details (flashings) insulation (if present) Vapor retaraer (if present) Structural deck, including sub- Durlms (Supports) Structural framing Air soace (if present) Ceiling (if present) Interior air conditions You will find information m this manual pertaining to materials, and application methods other than for KMM roofing. They are offered to assist the designer m estab lishing their normal position in the roof structure system They should not be con strued as part of the KMM roofing system, as endorsement or as part of the designated specifications, other than to establish a suit able roofing base m the roof structure system The orooer design, specification and posi tioning of the various components of the roof structure system are the responsibility of the building owner or his designer. Any subseauent failures due to either the instal lation or lack of installation will not be Koppers responsibility. General Cec.t r.ecLJiremanrs The deck is the base over which the KMM memorane or insulation and KMM mem brane is applied Where the term deck is used without reference to insulation, it shall designate the surface over which roofing is to be applied. Ail decks shall be clean, smooth, dry. rigid and free of debris. Any deck defect shall be corrected before appli cation of roofing All decks shall be installed in accordance with the deck manufacturer s specifications, and shall be in compliance with Koppers General Requirements. 22 In approving any deck as satisfactory to receive a KMM system, only the deck sur face is accepted. It is the responsibility of the building designer and the deck manu facturer to provide for expansion and con traction in a manner that will provide a stable base for the KMM membrane, for support of maximum anticipated loads, for secure attachments vertically and laterally, and for the selection of the deck material and construction details including their ability to contain bitumens or sdhesives used for attachments of the KMM membrane or other components of the system. Koppers will not assume responsibility for deck defects, or the effect of deck defects on Koppers roofs. The placing of conduits, bolt heads, etc., above the roof deck and below the rooting membrane is not recommended. All projections or openings in the deck should be completed prior to the application of the roofing. Insulate all hot water and steam pipes which project through or are near the surface to be roofed or water proofed. This is to prevent possible damage to the KMM system. Corciiicn cr ?ccf Surfocss to Receive ,<.' i'/1 Membrane All surfaces must be dry. frost free, reason ably smooth, clean, rigid and free from debris, loose materials, projections, holes, release agents or other contaminants which might cause rupture of the membrane and/ or adversely affect the KMM membrane application and performance. Oust shall be removed from the surface immediately before application of the KMM membrane system, especially from those which incor porate the use of KMM Adhesive to adhere the memorane to its substrate. a. Metal Decks: Oecks of this type must also be free from loose rust and oily substances Deflection should not exceed 1/240 of the span. Oecks of this type are not suitable for application of KMM membrane without insu lation being placed between the deck and the KMM membrane. b. Poured Structural Conerata and Poured Gypsum: Where insulation is specified on concrete slopes exceeding 2" per foot in sulation stops shall be installed to retain insulation m place. Treated wood insulation stops 2" fnom.i wide, and equal to the thick ness of tne insulation, shall be installed to the top of the surface of the deck by means of bolts, screws, or other acceptable fastener, countersunk to be flush with surface of in sulation stop. Ail concrete and masonry surfaces must be cured, dry and free of loose material All cracks notes, voids and open areas shall be wetted with water and then carefully filled with Portland Cement Mortar, struck flush, and permitted to dry c. Precast Decks (concrete, gypsum): Geeks of these types, wnetner grouted or not snail be caulked with Koppers Flashing Cement wnich shall be applied so that the top surface is level and smooth Stop ail joints with a 5" layer of felt stripping set m flashing cemert or standard grade KMM membrane substratefused or set m KMM Adhesive. This is recom mended to assist in leveling jneven joints and to bndge the joint openings, tnus orovidmg a better surface *or tne roofing system matenais. d. Wood Fiber Decks: KMM Aluminum Mem brane should not be applied directly over wood fiber decks. A coated base sneet set *n steep asphalt must be applied prior to the application of KMM Aluminum Memorane The base sheet snail be laid unattacned onor to KMM Standard application. e. Wood Decks: Plywood snail be exterior grade All wood shall be well seasoned, dry and preferably treated End joints snail nave adequate bearing. Loose or void knot noies large cracks, etc., shall be covered with appropriate matenal. KMM-f Aluminum: Not to be applied directly to wood decking. Where specified over wood decks, the wood surface shall be covered as follows: 1. Plywood ('V min.) and wood oiank v nominal mm) a. Starting at the low edge of the deck nail' an 18" width of No. 15 asphalt feu to the deck. Nail along both lower and ueper edges, spacing the nails approximately t8" on centers in staggered fashion.' b. Coat the top of the starter str.o with 2wj-3 gals per 100 sq ft of CP Adhesive isteep asphalt is an acceptable substitutei When the adhesive it tacky, place a full 36" width of No 15 asphalt felt to completely cover the starter strip keeping the ower edge of the 36" width even with the 'ower edge of the starter strip Broom the felt thoroughly into the adhesive with a stiff bristle brush Nail the upper part of the first ply to the deck at 18" intervals 4" down from the upper edge and at 18" intervals 14" down from the upper edge of tne feit c. Coat the upper 19" of the first ply of 'eit with2:,-3 gals per 100 sq.ft of CP Adhesive When the adhesive has become tacky, .embed the second ply in the adhesive lapping it 19" over the first ply Be sura that the second ply covers ail nail heads in the first piy. Broom lower half of felt carefully into adhesive to eliminate wrinkles and `isnmouths. Nail the upper portion of me second ply to the deck in the same manner as the first. Proceed up the slope in this manner, lapping each sheet 19" over tne preceding sheet Thera shall be no exposed nail heads in the finished feit application. 'Naif* sftftl b annular thrtaoac ot nog snap* nans KOPPERS 7 1.K0P Architectural and Construction Materials d. The end of the underlying felt shall be nailed to the deck at 9" intervals approxi mately 2" m from the end. The end of the overlapping felt shall overlap 6" and snail not be nailed to the deck, but snail be carefully cemented to the underlying strip making sure that no nak head* are exposed. End laps of any ply snail be staggered at least 2' from end lap of preceding ply ALTERNATE METHOD: Base sheet over lapped 4" at side and 6" at ends, fastened with Berrytast Tapefast System with tape strips over side laps and two strips in the field equally spaced. 2. wood Planks: (2" nominal min.) A coated base sheet snail be nailed over wood planks with approximately 100 nails per square or fastened with Berryfast Tapefast System using a tape over 4" overlap of base sheet and two tapes m the field equally spaced. KMM* Standard Membrane: When applied over wood decks, lay a coated base sheet unattached over the deck surface, lapping 4" on side and 6" on end laps. Lightweight insulating Decks Lightweight insulating decks include light weight aggregate concrete (20 to 40 lbs. per cu. ft. oven dry density), foamed concrete, gypsum and thermosetting asphaltic decks. For any adhered membrane, it is necessary mat the lightweight insulating deck system be capable of venting excess water vaoor to me underside. When the KMM Standard Grade floating membrane system is used, spot venting through the roofing membrane or notcned perimeter nailers will be adequate to Drevent vaoor oressure build-up uncer the mem brane. if boarq-tyoe insulation is to be apotied over a lightweight insulating deck, provisions must be made between the fill and the board insulation to prevent fill moisture from affecting the insulation. KMM Aluminum membrane should not be applied directly to lightweight insulating root decks. Where specified over lightweight insulating roof decks, provisions must be made between the Aluminum KMM mem brane and the deck before me KMM mem brane is applied. This deck preparation can be a coated base sheet nailed with approxi mately 100 approved nails per square, in addition, where KMM Aluminum mem brane is specified, lightweight insulating decksshall have sufficient cohesive strength to provide firm attachment of the roofing to the deck and framing to prevent wind uplift damage or blowoffs. Koppers will not be responsible for any failure of the insulating deck system or for disbonding of me roofing from the surface of me deck. For slopes exceeding T per foot refer to sec tion b under Conditions of Roof Surface to Receive KMM Membranes' on preceding page. Board Tyce irtsuiacicr.s These insulations come m varying thick nesses ana sizes. The insulation manu strips at eaves, edges, wans, -oof openings, facturer s specifications snail be followed etc., for proper securing of metal hanges and. m addition, snail be m compliance with Nailers must be securely ano 'irmly attacnea Koppers General Requirements. Exeitherm to me aeck or through to its succoring perlite, and fiberglass insulation boards are members. Nailers shall extena not 'ess man approved underiayments for KMM Aluminum and Standard. Polystyrene, when covered with a No. IS asphalt felt laid loose, is acceptable under KMM Standard loose laid membrane. Fiberboard insulation may be used under KMM Standard only when a No? IS felt is laid loose over the fiberboard or under KMM Aluminum if the No. IS felt is firmly attached with steep asphalt. The- roofing insulation must be kept dry at all times. It snouid only be aopiied over a deck complying with all of the General Require ments. Work must be scheduled to prevent damage from omer trades and equipment. 1" beyond the apron or flange. Nailers should be treated to preserve their condition and hence their nail retentive power for the expected nfe of me roofing Creosote or oilborn preservatives may affect the roofing they contact and should not be used. Nailers should be pressure-treatec with a waterborn preservative such as Wolman' salts or with oenta applied in a iiOuified petroleum gas carrier sucn as me Cellon' process. Wo/man' and Callon" are registered trademarks of Koooers Company. Inc Roofing equipment must be of a type which srsrsccps will not damage the insulation used. Broken or damaged insulation sheets can only be used when the damaged portion is cut out. These cut-out pieces may be used for appli cation areas where fill-in pieces are required. No more insulation shall be laid in a day than can be protected by KMM membrane in case of sudden weather changes. Edges of insulation shall be brought closely together and shall not be forced into place. Where insulation joins vertical surfaces, tne insula tion shall be cut-in a neat manner, allowing at least Hi" clearance. when more than one layer of insulation is used, joints in each layer shall not coincide. All layers shaN be parallel to preceding layers. i. ampcrary ?roiec::cn; At the end of each days work, waterstoos must be installed to protect the insulation or substrate against water penetration Waterstoos consist of a single ply df KMM membrane 'Standard or Aluminum Grace.extending a minimum cf 6'' beyond the ter minal edge of the insulation. The leaamg edge of the membrane >s then supstratefused to the deck and too-sealed Waterstops should be continuous and tight. These temporary protective measures must be detached cleanly wnen work is resumed KMM Membrane must be removed from :ie deck back to the top of the insulation When applying KMM Aluminum over rigid -- Ieracs are insulation board on roofs wHh Ns* Own T per 'asesr Suiidincs foot slope, alfinsulation joints shall be taped KMM roofing systems may be used .n coid with 6" wide (mm.) asphalt felt, reinforced storage and freezer building applications kraft paper tape, or glass fiber roofing tape, embedded in KMM Adhesive (H* gals/square) or steep asphalt When taping is requited, insulation joints should be laid continuous to with or without a ventilated air soace between the deck and the insulated refrigerated area For specific recommendations, consult your Tocat-Koppers representative facilitate tapi^pjhis procedure applies to single-layer ormulti-layers of insulation.' Vspcr Retarrie^ .-.(cchrrent c; Dsc.t ;ncuia:ion Cci~.ocr,5.-r.s Where attachment of insulation is required m Vapor retarders are normally used where the these specifications, adhesive and/or 'asterers heat flow direction and/or humidity- witl'in-'" must possess a minimum uplift resistance ot the building, during any.-dimate or occupancy, 40 pounds per square foot ipsf). cycle, might cause the dew point or condensa tion to occur under the built-up roofing within the insulation chamber It is important that the vapor retarder, when installed, provide a con tinuous seal, f including ventilators, skylights, peripheral walls, and ottdpsrmmations) from the source of the water iSpbr. Recommended methods of attachment of insulation to its substrate include not bitu men and cold-applied adhesives Suitability of the kind of attachment is dependent upon the^tyge of insulation and its substrate. This should be investigated by the specifier along with the various requirements, including Other Requirements wind uplift resistance, as described in the Materials Protection local building code and/or policies of the insurance agencies involved. Although KMM membrane is waterproof in the roll, good practice dictates thf it should be protected wnen stored-- outside by raised platforms and adequate cover. In cold tem perature periods, inside warm storage above 40" F is necessary pnor to use. 7/ccu .Naiiino 3tries Where it is-not possible to attach insulation with hot or cold adhesive. Koooers will accept the use of mechanical fasteners providing insulation manufacturer recom mendations are followed, and the fastener >s one of the following: Dekfast/Grefco Perma-fastner GAF Gaftite All non-naiiaoie decks require wood nailing FABC Insul-Fixx Type-P 23 KMM Roofing Systems (Continued) The following types of insulation reouire 5 fasteners per 2' x 4' board, and 6 fasteners per 3' x 4` ooard: isocyanurate. phenolic, urethane, and urethane composite. Koopers will not be responsible for any damage caused by or as the result of un satisfactory attachment. Under loose-laid KMM Standard Membrane, insulation v" or thicker may be laid un attached to the deck. Care must be exercised to insure snug insulation joints. ztcoansion Joints (Suiidir.g) KMM roofs, especially those employing the floating membrane concept, are able to withstand building movement to a greater degree than conventional materials, but good design practices dictate that expan sion joints should be employed for protec tion of the overall roofing system. The use. location and design of building expansion joints should be taken into consideration at the time of the original building design. Although provisions for adequate expansion joints are the responsibility of the building designer. Kopoers offers the following recommendations for the protection of the roofing system due to stresses caused by expansion and contraction of the building. Building expansion joints should be installed: I.On large roof areas at least 200 feet in each direction. 3a$e 3,nest Unceriaymem Unless otherwise specified, when a nailed base sheet is to be used as an underlayment for KMM membrane, edge laps are to be 4" and end laps are to be 6" The base sheet shall be fastened with approved nails and the pattern shall be on 9" centers. 2" from the edge lap and down the center of each sheet. (Note: this is approximately 100 nails per square.) Traffic Surface Where heavy traffic is anticipated over KMM Aluminum Membrane, a suitable traffic sur face such as Careytred should be provided. I.nsoection and Patching All KMM membrane must be carefully in spected for construction damage and imperfect heat fusion prior to the installation of the protective topping. Any holes or tears must be patched with the appropriate KMM membrane. The patch must extend at least 4" in all directions from the edges of :ne tear or puncture. Seal into position with inter-ply fusion and top sealing for Standard KMM membrane. Seal Aluminum KMM membrane by inter-ply fusion. Streaks or seams of bitumen on Aluminum KMM membrane may be touched ud oy high quality varnish-base aluminum oaint Underwriters Laboratories Underwriters Laboratories. Inc. Building Materials Directory. Built-up Roof Covering Materials, lists KMM Membrane for use m construction of class A. B. or C built-uo roof coverings. Specifier should consult this directory for complete details. Guarantee A guarantee is available on KMM Membrane roofs when applied by a KMM licensed appli cator. See page 6 for further information. 2. At all places where the structural supports ana roof assembly change direction. 3. Where type of adjoining deck materials changes. Where control, expansion or contraction joints are provided in structural steel, deck material or deck system, provisions must be made for their continuation through the roofing system. Koppers realizes that in a climate-controlled building there may be little or no expansion after the building is in use However, building expansion joints are still recommended based upon the following points: 1. During construction, the building will not be under a steady-state temperature/ humidity condition so that thermal and moisture movement can be sufficient to disturb and possibly injure the roofing system. 2. If no building expansion joint is provided, the owner must keep the building at the steady-state temperature and humidity con dition at all times, as holiday shutdowns may iniure the roofing system due to the move ment of the building system resulting from temperature/humidity variation. 3. If the occupancy is fairly large, the sudden entrance on a rainy day of many ram-soaked employees may cause rapid moisture move ment in the roof structure system which may damage the roofing system. 24 GanaraJ Tarmir.clccy and Rsrccrnn . ^ I w w l Inform a::cn KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Terminology Heat Fusion Heat fusion is a general term used to describe specific methods of adhesion of one layer of KMM membrane to another surface, in the process of heat fusion, the Ditumen of the membrane is heated with a direct flame until it is plastic enough to flow under pressure. When pressure is immedi ately exerted to this softened bitumen, it fuses to the surface to wnich it is applied. Specific types of heat fusion are described below. It should be noted that the external plastic film present will break and draw apart with the proper application of the flame. Substrate fusion is the specific type of neat fusion used to secure the KMM membrane film to a substrate. The underside of the KMM membrane is heated until plastic. The heated underside is then ouickiy pushed or forced against the substrate surface so that a slignt run-out ' of bitumen from beneath the edge of the membrane is observed. A 4"-wide fused waterproof seal is to be obtained. Interpty fusion is the specific type of neat fusion used to obtain a waterproof seal between two overlapping sections of KMM membrane in practice, the flame is applied simultaneously to both surfaces of KMM membrane until each becomes plastic. For KMM Aluminum membrane end laps, neat the bottom of the overlapping section until it becomes plastic wnile simultaneously heat ing the aluminum surface of the in-piace KMM memprane The two surfaces are pressed together to form a fused lap or seam of at 'east 4" m width, A slight run-out" of bitumen from the lap |omt is to be obtained. Top sealing is the specific type of heat fusion used to make the second seal at sub strate-fused and mterply-fused lomts. It is applicable only to KMM Standard membrane. Top sealing is accomplished by heating a 2" to 3" section at the edge of the top sheet until plastic. To develop a smooth, continuous filled joint, move the softened bitumen from the top sheet over and back into the previously fused ioint area with a roundnosed trowel. Heat fusion equipment Excellent fusion can be achieved with the propane KMM Torch Tip Economy and safety can be realized in the use of the Goss AP-8 handle A roundnosed bricklayers trowel, such as Marshalltown Trowel Co No 48 gauging trowel is recom mended for substrate fusion, mterply fusion and top sealing Your nearest Koppers Sales Office or local Sales Representative can provide further information KMM Aluminum Intsrpiy Fusion The watertight lap is obtained on Aluminum KMM membrane by tne heat-fusion attach ment of the upper sheet to the exposed 4" selvage edge on the lower sheet During mterply fusion of this lap. a bitumen bead shall be forced from between the mated edges which is then covered by the aluminum extension tab on the upper ply of KMM A slight neatmg of the edge of the upper alumi num surface while pressing with a trowel will also be beneficial m obtaining a uniform waterproof bond. Bituminous Aggregate Topping (BAT) BAT consists of a combination of graded gravel and KMM aggregate binder. See Page 26 for complete descnption. Recommended quantity is 650 to 700 lbs. per square (approximately V to 1" thick ness). Loose Aggregate Topping Loose aggregate topping consists of a stone aggregate applied loose over the KMM mem brane at a minimum rate of t.000 lbs. per square (approximately 1'/>" thickness of loose stone). Note: Slag is not a permissible aggregate. F.srccfing Specifications Rproofing Design Contiderations: During the reroof design and specification phase, and pnor to commencement of roofing work, it is the responsibility of the building owner to have nis architectural and/or struc tural consultant ascertain if the existing roof structure with the new roof installed will meet all local building codes, including structural limitations If additional insulation is to be part of the reroof, an evaluation of the dew point location and its effect on the roofing system shall be determined by the owner Note: Koppers will not be responsible for any damage caused by excess loads on structural systems or damage due to rate or change in location of dew point. Conditions of Surface to Receive KMM Membrane a. Gravel Surfaced Roofs: Remove loose gravel and repair any existing blisters, buckles, etc. Apply a minimum V insulation in an approved manner prior to application of KMM Membrane. b. Smooth Surfaced Roofs: Remove or repair, as necessary, any blisters or other abnormality of the existing membrane to give a surface which is free of sharp edges pnor to the appli cation of KMM membrane. Cushion cuts or open areas with a layer of Standard KMM membrane set in KMM Adhesive or substratefused and top seal the edges. Prior to applying KMM Adhesive for KMM Aluminum Membrane application, pnme roof surface with Hi-Pen 452 Primer at the rate of approx. gallon per 100 ft.' c. Moisture In the Existing Roof: Aluminum KMM membrane (Specification No. 630) is always adhered to the substrate. It is not recommended for application directly over roofs which contain moisture without taking precautions to allow venting of the entrapped water vapor. KMM Standard membrane (Specification Nos. 620 and 690) is loosely laid and ballasted by an aggregate topping. This system will tolerate moisture m the substrate ana aependmg upon the existing situation extra precautions may be required such as spot or perimeter venting. Note: For recommendations -egaramg specific precautions to be taken, see your iocal Koppers sates representative C^S3 ^ 1 ^; w . w --.i . *-4 * \ "" ' ^ .- *. o ,^- ^ 7^ * ^ *i~ ^.'i * W J 4i<M'Jj|jGa4W<J _ccs3 Agcrega:3 ico S ^r?Ci ~C2 ;cr 5:3c:.:ca:icn 510 A. Aggregate: Either smooth gravel, crushed aggregate or stone, graded to V nominal size iS P No. 57--U S Department of Commerce Simpli fied Practice Recommendation R-163). See Aggregate Size Table' below. B. Application: 1. Stonemat must be installed pnor to aggre gate surfacing. 2. Over the Stonemat. apply loose aggregate at the rate of 1000 ibs. mm. per sq. (approx. 1 thickness of loose stone). 3. Aggregate application by gravel buggy is recommended. Slag is not a permissible aggregate. r:~?3?3 Biiumincus -::r3C2ie Tcccir.g ''BAT; -- ~:o Surfacing ;or o ;=c!:;cot:cn BAT topping consists of graded gravel and KMM Aggregate Binder. The BAT is applied to the roof as topping at the rate of 650 to 700 lbs. per square approximately V to 1" thickness). A. Materials KMM Aggregate Binder was formulated for binding the specified aggregate applied over KMM Standard roof systems to protect the KMM membrane. KMM Aggregate Binder is not intended for use as an adhesive or repair matenal. Binder should be kept in warm storage dunng cold weather. 2. KMM Aggregate 8inder should be stirrec thoroughly until the matenal is of uniform consistency KMM Aggregate Binder >s spray ed on the aggregate at the rate of approxi mately 3 gallons per too sq. ft. using suitable spray equipment. Keep KMM Aggregate Binder at room temperature pnor to pumping dunng cold weatner. Aggregate: The gravel aggregate is to be clean and size graded to nominal H" round gravel. (This is equivalent to S.P. No. 8-- U.S. Department of Commerce Simplified Practice Recommendation R-163). B. General Application Instructions Preparation: 1. BAT is applied when the KMM roofing and flashing applications are complete. 2. Roof surface must be free of ponded water, 3. An additional layer of aggregate is then applied over the bmaer at the rate of 200225 Ibs. per 100 sq. ft. to achieve a finished surface. Aggregate application by gravel buggy is recommended. Heavy accumula tions of aggregate should be evenly distrib uted. Wooden or steel implements should not be used. Aggregate should be applied as soon as possible and no later than 24 hours after applying KMM Aggregate Binder 3. Lay No. 15 asphalt felt loosely over KMM Membrane prior to BAT topping. Application of BAT Topping: BAT is applied in three steps resulting in a protective topping weighing 650-700 pounds per square. The steps are as follows: 1. Gravel aggregate is applied at the rate of 450-475 Ibs. per 100 sq. ft. on the No. 15 felt. Aggregate application by gravel buggy is recommended. * . - I W W kC W V 1 M W>V Grading Requirements for Coarse Aggregates from ASTM Standard C 33--Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregate Use Size *8 m making Bituminous Aggregate Topping (BAT). Use Size *57 for Loose Aggregate Topping. Six* Number 57 8 Nominal Size (Slaves with Square Openings) 1 in to No 4 ;25-0 to 4 75 mm) X m to No. 8 9 5 to 2 34 mm) 1H m. (37.5 mm) 100 . Amounts Finer than Each Laboratory Slava (Square Openings), Weight Percent 1 in. (25.0 mm) In. (19.0 mm) Xin. (12.5 mm) H in. (9.5 mm) No. 4 (4.75 mm) No. 8 (2.36 mm) 95 to 100 _ 25 to 60 _ Oto 10 Oto 5 _ 100 85 to 100 1010 30 Oto 10 No. 18 (1.18 mm) Oto 5 26 XMM' Pcof: v % 7S i <w) '.ccs2 Agcr3 7ccping Sysiam Scaci::; Sl-urrirccs .A c-=-c:s Tc'ccir.c ;'3A7j S'/si iTI HOPPERS 7 1.KC Architectural and Construction Materials * ^J ;;.:i.r2i ,r.:cr;r.s::cn A. Pnor to beginning installation of the KMi roofing svstem. substrates snail be mspecre by the roofing contractor for dryness, smootr ness, ngidtty and freedom from debris a prelections and holes which migm caus rupture of the membrane are to be repairer Review "Conditions of Surface to Recetv KMM Membrane". Page 22. B. End laps of KMM Standard membran shad be staggered a minimum of 6". interoi fusion of end laps shall be completed befor fusing side lap of the same sheet C. Any KMM Standard membrane which wi not otherwise be covered by a topping sha. be protected with a layer of Aluminum KML membrane extending a minimum of 4" beyonc the edges of the unprotected membrane anc substrara-fused around its penmeter. Specific -rccscure details of the installation must be. agreec upon between the architect and Koppers General Requirements on Page 21 through 4. Each sheet of KMM membrane shall be prior to installation. 26 and Flashing Detail/Specifications on pages 30 through 32 are a part of this speci fication and must be adhered to where applicable. set in place and shall be stretched to remove any wrinkles. 5. All side and end laps shall be 4" and interpiy-fused and top-sealed. Pressure snail 0. KMM membrane should be carefully unrolled at material temperatures below 40 F At these temperatures, warm storage-pnor to use will improve handling and flexibility Do 1. Pnor to starting the application of the be applied to top of tap to insure solid fusion. not apply when matenai temperature is below roofing membrane, cushioning or stnpping 6. Substrate-fuse and top-seal the KMM 32* F or on frosty surfaces. Store KMM layers of Standard Grade KMM membrane membrane to the substrate at all penetrations Adhesive at temperatures above 40 F shall be applied in areas of potentially high of the substrate E. Coat face of fiber cant strip with KMM ( stress or sharp edges. These areas include interior and extenor comers, maior changes m directions of slope, metal flanges, etc. Cushioning layers shall ba applied pder to 7. Extend the KMM Standard roofing mem brane a minimum of 4" above aH cants. Substrate-fuse to face of cant and wall.' and Adhesive (approximately 2 gals/sauare) ana allow to dry before fusing KMM roofing mem brane to cam. the mam KM|#; membrane system and shall top-seal along the upper terminal edge. When F. At the end of each day's work, temporary be fused in por embedtteefift KMM Ad fusing KMM to wood or other materials that waterstops must be installed to protect mem hesive. and then top-sealed to form a smooth easily burn, apply torch to KMM only and from water penetration. Waterstops must be transition surface. press KMM into place. completely removed Before continuation of 2. Determine the direction of water drainage 8. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect application. See Page 23. and the low point of the deck. The direction completed KMM membrane at the end of G. Prime porous walls with Hign Pen Pnmer of laps shall be such that the water flow is each day s work as well as )ust before appli 452 at the rate of v-v gal/square. Allow to dry not against the laps. The direction of the over cation of toppings. H. For retooling information, refer to Page 25 lap snail be changed as the direction of the 9. Install KMM Aluminum flashings in accor water flow changes. ^ dance with flashing specification described The selvage edge of KMM Standard mem on Pages 30 to 32. brane shall be positioned on the high side so the direction of-the flow of water not against the lap. ` ' 10. When the flashings have been completed.. lay Stonamat to completely cover KMM that will receive loose aggregate or No. 15 asphalt 3. Beginning at the low point of the roof felt when BAT is used. Install a loose aggre slope, install one ply of Standard Grade gate over Stonemat or bituminous aggregate KMM membrane. The membrane shall be topping over No. 15 felt. Refer to Page 26 laid in a fashion which does not cause water for topping information. to pass against the lap. Materials per 100 sq. ft. of roof KMM Membrane (Standard) Stonemat or No. 15 Asphalt Felt 1 ply i ply Surfacmgs Loose Aggregate 1.000 lbs. min. BAT System 650 lbs. mm. Slope requirements: 1" per foot maximum (loose aggregate topping). IX" per foot maximum (BAT topping!. 27 Scscificaticn Me. 5G0 Procedure General Requirements on Pages 21 through 26 and Flashing Detail/Specifications on Pages 30 to 32 are a part of this specification and must tie adhered to where applicable. 1. Pnor to starting the application of the roofing membrane, cushioning or snipping layers of Standard Grade KMM membrane shall be applied in areas of potentially high stress or sharp edges. These areas include intenor and exterior comers, major changes in directions of slope, metal flanges, etc. Cushioning layers shall be applied prior to the main KMM membrane system and shall be fused in place or embedded in KMM Adhesive, and top-sealed to form a smooth transition surface. 2. Determine the direction of water drainage and the low point of the deck. The direction of laps shall be such that the water flow is not against the laps. The direction of the overlap shall be changed as the direction of the water How changes. The selvage edge of the Aluminum KMM membrane shall be positioned on the high side so that the direction of the flow of water is not against the laps. 3. Starting at the low point of the deck, set ihe KMM Aluminum membrane into a full bed of KMM Adhesive (application rate of t to ivi gal per square)* before the adhesive becomes dry to the touch Stiff broom tnorougnty moving broom from center to edges of membrane to obtain proper adhesion and to remove all entrapped air from under the membrane Sirsrai Information A. Prior to beginning installation of re KMM roofing system substrates snail oe msoectec by the roofing contractor for dryness, smootnness. rigidity and freedom from oebns ah protections and noies wmen miont cause rupture of the memorane are to be -ecaireo Review Conditions of Surface to Receive KMM Membrane ` Page 22 8. End laps of KMM Aluminum membrane shall be staggered a minimum of 6" mterpiy fusion of end laps shall be completed before fusing side laps of the same sneet. 4. Subsequent courses are to be laid with 4" end and side laps, from the first course progressing to the high point. Allow laps to remain open as long as possible before fusing. End laps shall be mterpiy fused pnor to mterply fusing of the side laps of the same sheet. Pressure shall be applied on the top of (he lap to insure solid fusion. 5. Extend the KMM Aluminum roofing mem brane a minimum of 4" above all cants. Substrate fuse to face of cant and wail When fusing KMM to wood or other matenals that bum easily, apply torch to KMM only and press KMM into place. 6. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed KMM membrane at the end of each days work and when the |ob is finished. 7. Install KMM Aluminum Flashings in accor dance with flashing specifications desenbed on Pages 30 to 32. 8. After completion of the Aluminum KMM roof and flashing system, a high quality varmsh-base aluminum paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen C. KMM membrane should oe carefully unrolled at matenal temperatures eeiow aC'F At these temperatures, warm storage onor to use will improve handling and flexibility Do not apply when matenal temperature is oeiow 32* F or on frosty surfaces. Store KMM Adhe sive at temperatures above 40'F D. Coat face of fiber cant stnps with KMM Adhesive (approximately 2 gais/squarei and allow to dry before fusing KMM roofing mem brane to cant. E. Pnme porous walls and decks to which KMM Aluminum or KMM Adhesive will be applied, using High-Pen Pnmer 452 at the rate of Vi-1* gal/square. Allow to dry. F. Valleys of roofs sloped 2" per foot or more shall have a layer of KMM Standard applied prior to application of KMM Aluminum. KMM Standard shall be set in KMM Adhesive (1 ' i-2 gals/square) and top-sealed. KMM Standard shall extend a minimum of 12" up the roof slope and 6" up vertical surfaces. Laps shall be 4" at side and end laps, mterply-fused and top-sealed. G. Leave laps of KMM Aluminum membrane open and delay fusion as long as possible 8e certain that all laps are fused before leaving job for the day. H. At the end of eacn day s work, temporary waterstops must be installed to protect from water penetration. Waterstops must be com pletely removed before continuation of application. See Page 23 I. KMM Adhesive can be applied by brush, roller, or squeegee. Do not thin adhesive. Mix thorougnly. J. KMM membrane shall be set into adhesive while adhesive is still tacky. K. Adhesive application to porous insulation boards will require approximately 50% more than the specified amount of adhesive. L For reroofing information, refer to Page 25. . Materials Slope Requirements per 100 sq ft. of roof Positive drainage is required. Where freezing --------------------------------------------------------------- temperatures are likely to occur for 24 con- - KMM Adhesive 1-1gal.* secutive hours, a minimum slope of V per1 KMM Membrane (Aluminum) 1 ply foot IS required. 'Depending upon the porosity of the roof deckor insulation, additional KMM Adhesive may be required. 28 XiV1.\r~ Insulated Roof Membrane Assembly HOPPERS 7 1.KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Specification Mo. 6S0 4. Aggregate Surfacing After placement of STYROFOAM RM. install Stonemat over insulation and immeoiateiy place aggregate over Stonemat. At roof perim eter, Stonemat snail extend a minimum of 6" beyond edge of foam. Aggregate shall comply with ASTM C-33 Size Number 57 or v." crushed stone. Apoly tne aggregate at the rate of t000 ibs. per square (10 PSF) As a general rule. V stone at 1000 lbs. per square will be approximately iv." thick. Concrete pavers may be substituted lor the stone to provide added usefulness to tne roof area and to provide resistance :o extreme winds. Pavers must sit on pedestals. Oeeorative stone top surfacing of the correct gradation can be used for architectural impact. Gereral information 1. Heat Transmission Data Thermal value of STYROFOAM branfl clastic foam insulation Average values based on five year aging of one inch samples at 75F when tested by ASTM C177 and/or C518. Note: The following general specification is intended only as a guide. For more specific information, consult your Koppers represen tative. Procedure General Requirements on pages 21 to 26 are a part of this specification and must be adhered to wnere applicable. 1. Decks A. Poured and precast concrete, gypsum and 'ightweignt concrete decks shall have KMM Standard Membrane laid directly on the deck following guidelines on page 22. B. Wood and wood fiber decks snail have a coated base sheet laid over deck unattached to me deck. C. Steel Decks shall be no lighter than 22 gauge. Install a rigid board of V min. gypsum or V mm. mineral board. 8e certain thick ness of insulation board is adequate for fluta span. Y' gypsum board shaW ba firmly at tached to deck with steep asphalt at the rata of IS lbs. per square, cold adhesive as per manufacturer's instructions, or mechanical fasteners approved by Koppera. Minimum of four fasteners per board is required and shall be located at the comers. 12" from the edges. Rigid board v<" or thicksr shall be attached with steeo asphalt, cold adhesive, or two approved fasteners per board, or may be laid loose. 2. KMM Standard Membrane Application KMM Standard Membrane shall be applied as per KMM Roofing System Specification No. S10. Flashing shall be in accordance with appropriate KMM Flashing Specification. 3. Installation of Styrofoam RM* Brand Plastic Foam It is recommended that STYROFOAM RM brand plastic foam be placed on me memorane as the membrane is completed. Install the boards CHANNELED SlOE DOWN with closed joints: stagger end joints. The maximum acceptable opening on a random basis is *" irmil the foam to within V." to V*" of projection and cant strips. WARNING: STYROFOAM brand insulation is combustible and may constitute a fire hazard if improperly used or installed. It should be adequately protected. Use only as directed by the specific instructions for mis product STYROFOAM brand insulation contains a flame retardant additive to inhibit accidental ignition from small fire sources. Ounng ship ping. storage, installation and use. this material should not be exposed to open flames or otner ignition sources. For proper protection of STYROFOAM brand plastic foam in storage, consult the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards or the authority having jurisdiction. ; Materials I per 100 sq. ft. of roof KMM Standard ! Styrofoam RM I Stonemat : Aggregate i_____________ 1 ply Desired Thickness 1 ply 1000 lbs. minimum Slope Requirements v" Minimum - 2" Maximum Positive drainage is required Ii i ! Thickneee 7 IV. IV, IV. 2 2Vi 3 3V. R" 500 6.25 750 8 75 10.00 12.50 1500 1750 -C" 0 20 0 16 0 133 0 114 0 10 0.08 0 067 0 057 2. Exposed STYROFOAM RM is subject :o yellowing due to direct radiation of sunlignt. If STYROFOAM RM is exposed for longer than 3 weeks it is necessary for a Koopers repre sentative to authonze continuing the instal lation. 1 Roofs must be designed and constructed to dram completely free of water within 48 hours following a rain. Due to the deflection of steel decks, it is almost always necessary to provide slopes to property placed drains. A v." per ft. minimum slope is recommended. The drain must be set directly on the deck so that the clamping ring is not higner than me rigid board. Sumps are recommenced. 4. All flashing must be completed in each area pnpr to installing STYROFOAM RM 5. Because the stone is not applied m bitumen it need not be dry and installation can occur in any weather. 8. The wood or plywood deck must be properly attached to supporting members and must be of sufficient thickness to prevent excessive deflection between supporting memoers. Wood roof decVs shall consist of well-seasoned lumber, and edges of the board shall be tongued and grooved, ship-lapped or spimed to prevent differential flexing of the boards. Any significant vqios shall be covered with sheet metal. "Trademark of the Dow Chemical Comoany V. \ /1 /I1 'W w <Vl 1 i w -. -^ i . W KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Pashir.gs are the terminal closures of a roofing system wmch perform a waterproofng and m some systems, a decorative function Flashings must 6e installed at ail intersections formed 0y vertical surfaces ''heir importance cannot be stressed too strongly Water entering the roofing system through 'lasnmgs can result in water vapor forces which can destroy the effectiveness of the roofing and insulation Koppers flashings are an integral part of a Koppers roof Designed for flexibility. KMM Aluminum flashings will provide many years of service. Flashings should be installed as roofing progresses to prevent possible water damage to insulation and/or deck under the roofing. General ,-5C,ji'ernen13 1. All surfaces must be dry `rost free reasonably smooth clean rigid ane free from debris, loose materials, proiections noies. release agents or other contaminants wmch might cause rupture of the membrane and-or adversely affect the KMM membrane appli cation and performance. Dust snail be removed from the surface immediately before application of the KMM Flashing system Z if bonded/guaranteed flashing is required, it must be installed in conjunction with a Koppers bonded/guaranteed roof and can be bonded/guaranteed for standard periods up to but not greater than the period for which the roofing is bondedrguaranteed To be bonded/guaranteed, flashings must be set at least 12" above the roofing surface. 3. Metal Cap flashings are not bondable and are not included under any fiasnmg bond/guarantee. 4. Metal work of any description used as flashing or a part of a flashing system s not bondable and is not included under any flashing bond/guarantee. 5. Vertical `lasnmg mat termirates without use of metal counterflashing must be str-ccec with 8" wide KMM Aluminum Memorane totally fused 4" onto the wail and 4" onto re KMM Aluminum Membrane 6. Cant .strips snail be set firmly nto place with mastic or not bitumen prior to avmg roof memorane 7. Porous walls must be primed with Hign Pen Primer 452 at a rate of Wgai sauare Allow pnmer to dry iMimmum 4 noursi 8. Corners shall be lapped a minimum of 6 in each direction 9. All metal to which KMM memorane wnl be fused shall be coated with Hign Pen P^mer 4S2 or KMM Adhesive and allowed to dry before fusion of KMM membrane. 10. Where KMM flashing is to be installed on a building with a non-wall-supported deck itilt slab precast, masonry curtain wall etc > refer to Non Wall Support flashing detail on page 32. ,'n .r:a:;;rr:tj.~i \ mm ^ m m mm t i 4 i 'J * l ! -4 ^ Ce ^ v1 l1 of isi" .`rom roof surfscs Application Detail Haggle to oe Sealed Metal Counter Fiasnmg Extend Oownward 4" Min ODtionaf; 2 CN. l Nom 4 i * ____f_ Pnme with Koooers H<gh-PEN Primer 452 KMM Aluminum Cant Stno to oe Set m Bitumen or Mastic Kopoers KMM Hoofing System \ KMM to Extend a Mm of 4"on to Rooting t Oeckorinsulation - Cementitious TyDe Wail .--ccscure 1. KMM Aluminum membrane snail be unrolled and cut to desired width and maxi mum length of 11 feet Note: KMM Aluminum memorane is available m precut rolls 9" 12" and 18" wide by 33" long 2. No 710 Base Flashing shall be fused m place so that it extends a minimum 4" onto surface of roof and a minimum of 4" above termination of roofing membrane on wall 3. Apply pressure to KMM Aluminum mem brane to obtain maximum contact to surface 30 to whicn it is applied. There shall be no voids under the Base Flashing membrane. It is imperative that complete attachment be obtained to roof surface, roofing membrane over cant, and the wall. A small bead of bitumen should be squeezed out at edges. 4. Subsequent strips of Base Flashing shall be fused in place in the same fashion over lapping preceding strip 4" Overlap shall be mterply (used to preceding strip Pressure shall be applied to surface of tap to insure adhesion 5. There shall be no adhesive used m No 710 Base Flashing application. 6. The flashing must not remain open at tbe end of the work day 7. The contractor shall thoroughly msoect the completed flashing system at the end of each days work 8. A high quality varnish-base aluminum paint may be applied, to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen. 9. Install metal counterflashing as required 10. Complete the top surfacing of the 'oofmg membrane to the base of the cant strip as may be specified KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Materials j <r Wl J j * JB J I / wJI i I C O I i M : *4 ~:r flashing with maximum haichi of 23" from surfaca or reef Procedure 1. Apply Base Flashing in accordance with Flashing Specification No. 710. Z KMM Aluminum membrane used In No. 720 Wall Flashing specification shall be unrolled and cut to a maximum length of it feet and maximum width of 18 inches. Selvage edge should not be used. Note: KMM Aluminum membrane is available in precut rolls of 9". 12" and 18" wide by 33" long. 3. KMM Aluminum membrane strips shall be fused into place, overlapping Base Flashing 4" Substrate fusion to the wall must be complete. 4. Apply pressure to the fused KMM Alumi num membrane to obtain maximum contact to !he wall There snail De no voids under me Wall Flashing membrane. It is `moerative that the membrane is completely ana tigntiv fused to the wall. A small bead of bitumen snould be soueezed out at edges 5. 4" overlap shall be mterply 'used to me Base Flashing, aopiymg pressure to the surface of the iap to insure adhesion 6. Subseauent strips of KMM Aluminum membrane shall be 'used m:o siace over lapping the preceding Wail Flashing -r Overlap shall be interply 'used and pressure applied to the surface of the ao to insure adhesion 7. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed flashing system at the end of each day s wortc. 8. A hign quality varnish-base aluminum paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen. 9. Install metal counterflashing as required 10. Complete the top surfacing of the roofing membrane to the base of the cant strip as may be specified. '"Sr.ir.g $p9ci;:caticn Mo. 730 High V/a 1! clashing ror flashing wiih a height in excess of 28" from surface of roof .-ccedure 1. Apply Base Flashing in accerdance with Flashing Specification No. 710. Z KMM Aluminum membrane used for High Wall Flashing shall be unrolled and cut into lengths not exceeding 48" Remove the selvage edge, leaving a maximum width of 39". 3. Apply KMM Adhesive over surface to which the High Wall Flashing is to be applied at a rate of 1 to Vh gallons per 100 square feet, applying half on pnmed wall and half on underside of membrane. Permit volatiles to leave adhesive after appli cation (5 to 20 minute* depending on temperature and atmospheric condition). BEFORE adhesive has filmed over and while still tacky to the touch, set KMM Alumirtom membrane into place. Note: At temperatures below 40*F tack time of adhesive will be extended considerably, and special care must be exercised to Insure' adhesion of membrane. 4. Each piece of KMM Aluminum membrane snail be applied with the 48" maximum length extending vertically up the wall. It shall overlap the previously applied course of Base Flashing or HighWall Flashing a minimum of 4" 5. flub, brush or roll thoroughly to obtain proper adhesion and to remove all entrapped air from under the flashing memorane 6. Substrate fuse complete penmeter of eacn piece of Wall Flashing 4" to wall, and mterpiy fuse to previously applied High Wail and. or Base Flashing. 7. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed flashing system at the end of each day's work. 8. A high auality varmsh-base aluminum paint may be applied to any exposed streaks or seams of bitumen 9. Install metal coumerfiashing as i-eouired 10. Complete the top surfacing of the roofing membrane to the base of the cant strip as may be specified. ALTERNATE METHOD: High Wall Flashing may be accomplished by progressing up height of wall using procedure outlined m WaH Flashing Specification No. 720 31 KMM Flashing Details (continued) ' "* -Vl C3ci;:c3l;cn Mo ''* I 4 / i . i Procedure 1. All metal to be covered with KMM Mem brane snail be coated with High Pen Pnmer 452 or KMM Adhesive. Allow to dry thoroughly 2. Stop metal Manges using 4" minimum widths of KMM Standard membrane as a cushioning strip centered along the length of the entire edge of the flange. The cushion ing must cover the edge of the metal where it meets the roofing membrane a minimum of 2" and must cover ail nail heads. The balance of the width of the cushioning stnp must extend a minimum of 2" onto the roofing membrane. Cushioning strip shall be fused to the roofing membrane and the metal flange and top sealed at edges 3. Fuse a stnp of KMM Aluminum membrane (aporoximately 10" wide) to the cusnionmg strip, roofing membrane and metal `lange so that it extends 4" beyond edge of cusnicning stnp. onto roof membrane and to re outer edge of metal Mange 4. Apply pressure to surface of 'used KMM membrane to insure adhesion and sono 'usion 5. Apply surfacing to roof membrane as mav be required. Hanging Gutter Refer to Specification No. 760 KMM Aluminum Membrane KMM Standard Memorane StanKdMarMd ,,Ro_of_M__as_t_ic .Cu$ntoning Substrate-fused Metal brace 30'O.C. Hatch--Curb--Expansion Joint Toobme ae Required Substrate-fused Subetrate-fused KMM Aluminum Membrane interpiy-fuseo KMM Standard Membrane Substrate-iused Intarbiy-fused Non Wail Support Flashing Reogle to be Seeled Metal Raglat inaert for removable counterflashing Fasteners - approx. 24' 0 C. Ramovabie countarftaanmg Flaxible vapor reta/der to serve ee insulation retainer ComprestiMe insulation KMM Flashing Specification No. 7f0 Cam stnp sat m bitumen or manhe rootway system --^--L Treated wood nailer iFastentodecxoniyi Note Suggested detail wntra possibility exists mat ditferantiai movement will occur between deck and vertical surface. This detui is intended as a guide only ___________________ Roof Drain Topping aa Required Traatad wood nailers , Intemly-fused .CushionStnp Lead flashing Aluminum KMM Mambrane /**'in ma,t,c KMM cushion Membrane interpiy-fused Substrate-fused Note: Do not apply flame directly to lead flashing 32 ring and sms KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials .. such cifier >n of waterproofing specifications and related details to maximize the possibilities of a Permanently watertight application. Koppers has had many years experience m the waterproofing field and offers me specifier engmeenng assistance in acmeving the best possible waterproofing systems. ampsage :rete r that ig or esist :e to en to iater- plied. igned ction. me is ibility. n you water- jes of iproofa wide ounds. ination dampspend- 33 Coal tar ciaza deck and .vail waterproofing systems Membrane Waterproofing Materials a. Coal Tar Waterproofing Bitumen A.S.T.M. 0-450 Type III. b. Membrane (Select one or combination). GLASFAB--A.S.T.M. 0-1608. Tar Saturated Cotton Fabric--A.S.T.M. D-173 Tarred felt --A.S.T.M. 0-227. c. Concrete Priming Oil--A.S.T.M. Q-43-41. General Requirements a. Preparation of surfaces: Surfaces to be waterproofed shall be reasonably smooth and free from holes or projections which might cause puncture of the membrane. The surface shall be dry and thoroughly cleaned to remove dust and loose materials imme diately before application of the waterproof ing. Oo not apply waterproofing where effects of freezing or moisture will adversely affect the waterproofing application. b. Aoolicator: All membrane waterproofing snail be applied by an experienced roofing and waterproofing contractor Application Precautions a. Waterproofing bitumen shall not be heated above 425F. b. Roll or press firmly all plies of membrane into the hot bitumen and apply without wrinkles, buckles or kinks. c. On vertical walls apply hot bitumen with cotton roller moos or by other suitable application techniques. d. Apply membrane's on vertical surfaces in courses not exceeding ten feet in length where immediate and careful backfilling is not possible. After each course of the water proofing system is completed and before the top mopping is applied; nail each oourse at the upper edge before the next course is applied. Nail each succeeding course endlapping not less than 10 inches. e. Reinforce wall angles, comers or any place the waterproofing membrane course may be subject to unusual stresses with not less than 2 additional plies of fabric or GLASFAB reinforcement and moppings of bitumen. f. Insulate and protect all hot water and steam pipes which project through or are near the surfaces to be waterproofed. Take the necessary precautions to prevent water from getting between the waterproofing and the waterproofed surface at all points where the membrane is penetrated by drains, pipes, etc. Apply extra plies of reinforcing membrane and bitumen moppings in these areas. g. Carefully examine laps which have been exposed for any length of time, such as at the junction of a vertical wall and a slab, for defects and insufficient lap areas and repair as necessary before proceeding with further application. h. Apply all membrane waterproofing systems in a workmanlike manner and use wood nailers treated with a water-borne preservative for all vertical wall water proofing. I. Protect the membrane from damage by other trades after installation to maintain the integrity of the waterproofing throughout the structure. j. Ventilation should be provided in enclosed spaces during application. Horizontal waterproofing applications: (1) Beginning at the low point of the slab mop the surface with hot Kopoers Water proofing Bitumen and immediately apply the reinforcing membrane over the entire area. (2) Be sure, that each ply is solidly mopped and adhered. (3) For the various waterproof ing systems lap the reinforcing pliee as follows: (a) Two Ply System--lap 19 inches. (b) Three Ply System lap 24% - inches.' (c) Four Ply System--lap ZFh inchee. (d) Five Ply System--lap 29 inches. (4) Mop the entire top surface with Koppers Water proofing Bitumen. The completed water proofing forms a firmly bonded system and the reinforcement shall not be exposed at any place. (5) As soon as any portion of the waterproofing has been completed, cover it with the protection course specified, such as brick, tile, concrete, ngtd insulation or other specified material. Plaza deck waterproofing applications: When membrane waterproofing is used in plaza construction with interior drains and the finish slab does not rest immediately on the waterproofing, but on concrete pedestals, in addition to the application pre cautions above the following additional precautions snail be taken: (i) if deck is sloped to interior drams, specify Water proofing Bitumen conforming to ASTM Specification 0-450 Type III. (2) Before me pouring or placing of pedestals supporting precastfimsh slabs.additional reinforcement shall be installed under each pedestal over existing membrane. (3) Extreme care should be taken to protect the finished waterproof ing from damage by other trades during construction of towers, etc. Place a pro tective course over the finished membrane until the wearing surface is placed. (4) On precast concrete systems all lomts should be grouted with flashing cement and stripped with a reinforcement fabric 3eicw grade wail waterproofing appiicaricn: (1) Apply a uniform brush coat of Koooers Concrete Priming Oil over the entire sur face to be waterproofed (approximately 1 gallon for each 100 square feet). (2) Moo wall completely with Kopoers Waterproofing Bitumen. (3) Starting at the most practical place, install the desired number of plies lapping them' as follows: (a) Four Pty--lap 274 inches, (b) Three Pty--lap 244 inches, (c) Two Ply--lap 19 inches, (d) When more than 4 plies are used in a membrane, it is recommended that they be installed in at least two operations, i.e.. 2 plies over three. 3 plies over three, etc. maintaining the shingle fashion method in each operation. (4) Nail membrane with concrete nails 8 inches on centers through flat tin discs at the end lap horizontally across the mem brane. If wood nailers are installed, nail membrane to nailer with f-s inch roofing nails through flat tin discs 8 inches on centers. (5) Mop the entire surface with Koppers Waterproofing Bitumen. The com pleted waterproofing forms a firmly bonded system and the reinforcement shall not be exposed at any place. (6) As soon as any portion of the waterproofing has been com pleted. cover it with a protection course and backfill. Typical Subgrade Waterproofing Application interior Floor Slab Protection Course CBoitauimTeanr Footing Fcuncanon 34 3 \ X.MM Membrane Watsrprcofirg Systems KOPPERS 7 T KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Materials and System Discussion KMM waterproofi**. specifications are categorized as -vertical and horizontal to differentiate between slight differences in application procedures dictated by the orientation of the surface to be waterproofed. The vertical specification is written for foundation wall waterproofing, but may be modified for other vertical or steep surfaces to be waterproofed. The horizontal specifi cation is written.for split-slab or plaza-deck applications but can. aiag be modified for other tow slope or ffatsurfacea. Consult your local Koppers sates representative for assistance with these modifications. Vertical K.MM Waterproofing System Specification No. 6^0 General Requirements 1. Surface to which KMM or KMM Adhesive is to be applied must be free of alt dm. debns. release agents, oils, or other contaminants that would impair the proper application and performance of KMM. Cracks or other defi ciencies must be corrected before starting application. 2. All surfaces that receive KMM adhesive and/or substrate fusion must be pnmed with Koppers High-Pen 4S2 Primer at the rate of Vi-V gallon per 100 square feet Pnmer must be allowed to dry completely before proceeding. 3. Inside and outside comers must have a double thickness of KMM This can be accom plished by 1) installing cushion stops of KMM that extend at least. 4" m each direction from the comer, or 2) lapping each course of KMM around comer 4" m each direction. 4. Courses may be run horizontally orvertically: however, the top edge of each course must be substrate fused 4" onto the wall. 5. All exposed edges must be top sealed prior to leaving the job overnight. 6. Protection board must be placed as soon as possible to protect KMM membrane. 7. Horizontal waterproofing system must begin at the low point in the deck and layed up the slope. 8. KMM membrane applied vertically in lengths exceeding 11' may be difficult to hold in place. It is for the discretion of the applicator to determine the appropnate length for his particular application. Description Koppers Vertical Waterproofing Specifica tion No. 640 consists of KMM Standard membrane applied to a vertical surface in a full bed of KMM Adhesive. The KMM membrane forms a waterproof-system through the use of joint heat fusion, a unique procsMi.whereby ail contiguous joints are affixed together to develop a'monolithic waterproof membrane. In addition, the entire system is completely adhered to the vertical surface to eliminate any voids which might permit collection of water between the surface and membrane. This system is applicable for use with any vertical structural surface which provides continuous support for the KMM membrane. The general requirements and application procedurea on thia page are part of thia specification and must be adhered to where applicable. Procedures 1. If cushioning strips are used they must be applied prior to the installation of the KMM waterproofing membrane. 2. Apply adhesive at the rate of 2 to 3 gal. per square after pnmer has dned. 3. Starring at the low point, set the first course of KMM Standard membrane into a full bed of KMM Adhesive while the adhesive is still tacky. Rub and/or brush thoroughly to remove all entrapped air from under the membrane. End and side laps shall be 4" All end and side laps shall be inter-ply fused and top-sealed. Bottom of first course shall be substrate fused 4". 4. Substrate-fuse the KMM membrane at all projections. 5. Subsequent sheets shall be set in a full bed of adhesive, from the first course to the high point of the area to be waterproofed. Each course shall end lap tne lower course 4" and side laps shall be 4" The top enos of" each sheet of KMM membrane snail be substrate-fused and top-sealed. 8. The contractor shall thoroughly inspect the completed KMM membrane at the end of each days wont as well as before the back filling phase. 7. To eliminate potential abrasions, breaks and punctures, it is strongly recommended that the completed KMM waterproofing system be completely covered immediately with a V' minimum thickness protective board, it should then be permanently back filled. tamping the backfill as required. Pro tective board can be installed in KMM Adhesive. 8. Any KMM waterproofing membrane 'eft exposed after backfilling shall be orotected with KMM Aluminum membrane or other suitable sunlight-protective materials 9. When any portion of the membrane is to be permanently exposed, it must be covered with KMM Aluminum Plashing. Specification No. 710 for protection. 35 Horizontal KMM V/atarprccfing System wearing slab. The top of the KMM memorane Scecificaticn Mo. 650 SvOttrara^uMC M Slope Aooiicable for deck sloDes of 0" to 4" per shall be substrate-fused and top-sealed to the wall. All side laps shall be mterply-fused and top-sealed. When vertical waterproofing is required, continue the upturn a minimum foot. When siooe exceeds 4" per foot see of 6" above the height of the weanng surface Specification No. 640 on Page 34. General requirements and substrate-fuse to the wall. Vertical water proofing membrane shall overlap upturn 4" "HiThe contractor shall thoroughly insoect <wm Stinovo v The general requirements and application completed KMM membrane at the end of procaduree on die pcecodtog page are part each day's work as well as before application of tNs specification and must be adhered of protective board. to TM8. Proceed with application of the remaining Procedures "phase of the horizontal system Care must 4"ft'dy'UMO toO-WW*d P*n 'XW <U xmmmnm od 411 urttcm 2-3*i'*a i 1. If cushioning strips am used, they mutt * be taken to eliminate any puncture or be applied prior to the installation of the KMM damage of the KMM waterproofing mem waterproofing membrane. brane system by other trades. 2. Apply adhesive at the rate of 2 to square after primer has dried. 9.Jt is required that a suitable protective per layer be placed over the entire membrane on both horizontal and vertical surfaces to Koppers Horizontal Waterproofing Specifi 3. Starting at the low point of the deck, sft provide puncture resistance during con cation No. 650 consists of KMM Standard the first course of KMM Standard membrane struction and during placement of the wear membrane applied to a plaza deck or hon- into a full bed of KMM Adhesive while the ing surface as soon as possible. zontai surface w a full bed of KMM Adhesive. The KMM membrane forms a waterproof system through the use of |Oint heat fusion, a unique process whereby all contiguous iomts are affixed together to develop a mono adhesive is still tacky. Rub and/or brush thoroughly to obtain proper edheston and to remove all entrapped air from under the membrane. End and side tape shed be 4". Ail end and side laps shelf be interply- -10. When any portion of the membrane is to be permanently exposed, it must be covered with KMM Aluminum Plashing, Specification 4710 for protection. lithic waterproof membrane. fused and top-sealed. This system is applicable over any structural oeck and/or approved rigid board insulation where the substrate provides continuous support for the KMM membrane. It is ideally suited for aoolication directly to poured structural concrete decks. 4. Substrate-fuse the KMM membrane at all projections. 6. Extend the KMM waterproofing mem brane. as ffeshing.'up vertical surfaces to a height above the water level expected at the id and Mastic Applied Waterproofing an *4 i ** 'StSTS Hydroshield Mastic 451 Hydroshield Mastic 451 is a solvent based asphalt mastic which is unaffected by immersion in water either before or after curing. It will adhere tightly to damp or even wet surfaces. Hydroshield is not damaged by soil alkiiinity. acidity or minerals. This unique mastic may be applied under an extreme range of weather and temperature conditions. -implication Guide Hydroshield Mastic for Dampproofing. When applied to masonry or concrete con struction. Hydrosmeld Mastic serves as an effective dampproofing barrier to prevent the entrance of moisture by capillarity. Usually only one coat is necessary for dampproofing. Hydroshield Mastic goes on cold and may be applied to a wet or dry surface. Hydroshield Mastic for Waterproofing. When a permanent vapor barrier to prevent the entrance of water under a head of pres sure is required. Hydroshield Mastic, combined with Koppers Heavy Outy Glass Fiber Mesh, produces a tough, durable waterproofing membrane that cannot rot or deteriorate at sub-grade levels. For details of waterproofing applications, consult your Koppers representative. 482 Primer Far 100 ft* (When Needed} HydroahWd Ftret Coat PerlOOrt.1 Koppare Haavy Outy Olaaa HydroahMd Top Coat Par 100 ft* Oamooroofmg Wateroroofing H to 4 gal. to 4 gal. 2 gal. S gal. None 1 or more olies None 3 gal. Liquid Asphalt 430 Liauid Asphalt 480 is a filled, cold-applied, high-quality asphalt emulsion containing Bentonite clay. When applied to masonry or concrete con- struction. Liquid Asphalt 460 serves as an effective dampproofing barrier to help prevent the entrance of moisture by caoillarity. Usually two coats are necessary for dampproofing. Liquid Asphalt 480 goes on cold and may be applied to a wet or dry surface. For detailed specifications consult your Koppers representative. Aopiicaiion Guide ft432 Primer Per 100 .1 Liauid Aaphak 480 Per 100 ft.1 (2 coats) Dampproofing 36------------- to -i gal. 3 gal. HOPPERS 7 l.KOP Architectural and Construction Materials ICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Test Method ASTM C 518 Value 136 ASTM 0 1621 ASTM D 1622 25 20 ASTM C 209 -10 ASTM C 355 -- ASTM 0*2126 <"1 0 -100 to -250 2 0 .lengthi 2 0 widtl'i 5 0 thiCKnesS) itions will retain an average ao'a of metr tnermal stance to heat flow. Ther higher the R" vaiue. the 37 HXZL7HHM' Insulations * Hxsith9rrn * L'reihane riocf insulation Exeitherm* Urethane insulation board com bines a core of rigid, closed-cell urethane foam with integrally bonded, asonalt-saturated felt skins. A low "k" factor combined with high moisture resistance and moisture vapor resistance derived from the asonalt-saturated skins provide high insulating efficiency and long life. It is approved by Factory Mutual for use above non-combustible roof decks and as a Class S matenal on metal decks. Sizes Available: 38" x 48". 48" x 96" THERMAL CONDUCTANCE. SIZES. AND HANDLING OATA -CValue "R* Value Nominal thickness* (inches) Pieces Per Bundle Sq. Ft. Weight Per Per Bundle Bundle = (lb.) 0.19 5.26 8" 0.15 6.67 1" 0.12 8.33 12"* 0.10 10.00 1.4"* 0.09 11.11 1.5" 0.08 12.50 1.75" 0.07 14.30 4^ 2" 0.06 16.66 2.25" 0.05 20.00 ' 2.5" 0.04 25.00 3" 3 8 8 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 96 96 *2 72 72 60 48 48 36 36*. 39 5t 44 46 46 42 : 36 4W0***26 33 'includes both membranes. Rule Spanability (inches) 2* V 3" 35-" 3-'' ' 3-v- 3.... 3'-' 3V 3, .. H.'fsithsrnv Exeitherm* Composite insulation combines two time-proven building products, urethane roof insulation and perlite board. This unique combination provides a commercially accept able urethane insulation with both Factory Mutual approval for Class I construction and Underwriters Laboratories approval for use in Construction I and Construction n. Sizes Available: 36" x 48". 36" x 42" Sxeltherm* II isccyanuratefloof Insulation ExelthermH is a noncomposite factorylammated isocyanurate roof insulation board, reinforced with glass fibers and faced with asphalt-saturated asbestoi. This unique combination results in excellent product strength and dimensional stability. It is approved by Factory Mutual as a component for Class I insulated steel deck roof construction. Sizes Available: 36" x 48". 48" x 96" *C* Value 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 THERMAL CONDUCTANCE. SIZES. AND HANDLING OATA ! Nominal -R" - thieknesa Value (Inches) Plecss Per Bundle Sq.Pl Per Bundle Weight Per Bundle ~Vb.) 6.67 769 10.00 12.50 14.30 16.66 20.00 . 1.5" 1.6" 1.75" 2.0" 2.5" 2.75" 3.0" 6 72 6 72 5 ' 60 4 48 3 36 3 36 3 : 36 70 70 65 56 44 46 48 Rule Spanebility (inches) 2'> 2' 3?" 3' ' 3.,.. 3' i" 3'" C" Value THERMAL CONDUCTANCE SIZES. AND HANOUNG OATA .-- -- ru-c--n ' Sq.PL ! rVCffre 1 Ruts : "R" juwcxnmm Par Pf .*, f- Per BwiiAs - SpanaMKy . Velue (Inches) Bundta Bund* (lb.) (inches) 12 833 1 2 10 10 00 14 OB 11 11 1 6 ' 08 12.50 18 07' 14 30 20 06 16,66 225 05 20 00 2.5 04 25 00 3.0 5 72 6 72 6 72 5 60 4 48 4 48 3 36 3 36 38 47 43 39 33 35 28 31 3:" 4V 4V 4 *4" 4 4v 4-4" 4-4" 38 HXZL7HH3?/]' Insulations KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Materials General Information ComptfancM Factory Mutual underwriters Laooratones Koopers Comoany, Inc. has submitted its. products to the rigorous requirements of both Factory Mutual Insurance and Underwnters Laboratories and can report that Exeitherm H and Exeitherm Composite Roof insulation are acceptable Class I compo nents for metal decK construction. Exeitherm Composite is also acceptable for U. L Con structions 1 and 2. Exeitherm Urethane Roof Insulation is an acceptable component for non-comoustibie decks and for Class I decks. all traces of ice. snow and moisture oefore applying roof insulation Any moisture present on the deck at the time the roof insulation is applied may result m poor adhesion of ma terials to the deck and biistenng of the mem brane. MobOings tend to congeal rapidly m cold weather, even when the deck is dry. so extra care must be taken to set insulation as quickly as possible. Do not ovemeat the bitumen to offset this rapid chilling out keep the insulation close behind the mop. Vapor Retarder Because moisture vapor tends to migrate from warm to cooler areas m ouilamg construction, vapor retarders are used to retard or block the passage of moisture into walls or roofing assemblies. Exeitherm Urethane Roof Insulation when field applied over V perlite roof insulation, in a double layer application, will also meet the requirements of Factory Mutual Class I Construction over metal decks. Cold Weather Application To determine whether a vapor retarder is necessary, the specifier must make computa tions based on occupancy, relative humidity inside the building, and the outdoor tempera tures dunng the vanous seasons. If the poten tial dew point occurs in or above the insulation, a vapor retarder is necessary. Roofing installation at temperatures below 45 F requires special precautions to insure satisfactory performance of the finished roof. The deck surface must be dry and free from Protection of Material Exeitherm Roof Insulation must be pro tected from the weather at all times. No more insulation snouid be 'aved :nan can oe completely covered witn -oofmg materais on the same day At the end of each cay s work or in the event worx is stooDed aoructiv temporary water cut-offs should De -nstaiieo at the eoges of all drains ana .n me 'ieid cf the roof Such cut-offs snail be 'emovea wnen work is again started Warning Rigid foamed polyurethanes are organic materials, whicn decompose at 450 F ana will ignite and burn at 600 -TOO0 F or .vnen exposed to open flame These orocucts snouid not be mstailea m exposed appli cations." "Rigid foamed isocyanurate will decompose and/or burn if exposed to sufficient neat or an ignition source of sufficient intensity. They should not be used in exposed or inadequately protected applications. They should be in stalled according to Koopers specifications. The facers on Exeitherm H contain aspnaitsaturated asbestos fiber. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration IOSHA). an agency of the United States government, believes that repeated inhalation of asbestos fiber is a health hazard and may cause vanous diseases including asbestosis and cancer' Installation Specification Details Metal Roof Deck Application For FM approved Class Iroof system as illustrated, install Exeitherm Insulations, according to Factory Mutual Approved Guide for Class 1 Insulated Steel Deck. (See Also FM Bulletin 1-28). Exeitherm Uretnane Comoosite Roofing -s insulation Adhesive or'Bitumen as Required Meraf oecK Wood Deck Application Impregnated fire-retardant treated lumber or plywood is of low combustibility (when treated according to FM guidelines) and acceptable for roof deck construction without automatic sprinkler protection. Graval BUR Exeitnerm uratnana roofing insulation Bituman Sasa oly tnailedl Rosin oaoar woooaack Concrete Roof and Plaza Deck Applications Exeitherm Insulation Urethane Application Exeitherm Urethane Roof Insulation without Vaoor Retarder shown. When spnnklered at 130 square feet coverage per sprinkler, the roof may receive some insurance advantages as Class I. where according to FM guidelines, "values are not excessive." (See Also F.M. Bulletin 1-28.) Gravel BUR Exeltnerm uratnana roofing insulation Bitumen Pourad concreta o. ' o Gypsum--Lightweight Insulating/ Roof Deck Application Graval SUfl- Exaitnarm uratnana _ rooting insulation Sasa oly. nauaol Gyoaum ligntwaignt --- *.'<i .t* insulating concrata 39 EXELTHERM' Roof Insulations Suggested Application Specification 1. Over Staet Decks--Metal decks suitaoie for the installation of the Exeltherm insula tion shall be clean, dry and properly graded to all outlets. Apply the Exeltherm insulation along edges parallel to the (lutes and bearings on the surface of the metal deck. Secure the insulation to the metal deck with not steep asphalt at the rate of 12-15 pounds per sguare or secure with six factory mutual approved mechanical fasteners per 3 foot x 4 foot board or one fastener per every two square feet. Fastener placement must be m accordance with FM requirements. Wood insulation stops shall be preservativetreated (non-creosote type), have a nominal width of six inches and be the same thickness as the insulation They should be securely fastened to the deck at all edges and eaves. With vapor retarder--When Factory Mutual Class I construction is required, install roof insulation over an FM Approved Vapor Re tarder System in addordance with Factory Mutual Loss Prevention Data Sheet 1-28. 2. Over Non-NaUabte Decks--Non-nailabie decks suitable for the installation of the Exel therm insulation shall be provided clean, dry and properly graded to all outlets. When asphalt is used as the insulation ad hesive. pnme the surface of concrete decks with Koppers Hi Pen Pnmer approximately '? gallon per square On precast units hold onming back four inches from all joints. When using coal tar bitumen pnmmg is not normally required. Over all roof areas embed Exeltherm insulation in a solid mopping of not oitumen Keeo bitumen moppmgs 4 inches away from deck joint openings to prevent drippage mto the building. With vapor retarder--Solidly adhere the vapor retarder directly to the concrete deck in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. 3. Over Nailable Decks--Wood, plywood, structural wood, fiber, poured gypsum, and acceptable lightweight concretes. All nailable decks suitable for the installation of Exeltherm insulation snail be provided clean and dry and be properly graded to all outlets. Over vapor retarder--Embed Exeltherm insulation m full mopping of hot bitumen. Stagger end joints of adjoining courses. Vapor retarder must be installed in accor dance with FM and manufacturers require ments and must be capable of receiving hot bitumens. Without vapor ratardar A. Wood and plywood--Cover the deck with one layer of rosin sheathing paper, lapping each layer not less than 1 inch and nail sufficiently to hold m place. Over the roof area, install Exeltherm insulation. Stagger end joints in adjoining courses. Secure each insulation panel with six nails per 3-foot x 4-foot board. 40 or one fastener per every two square 'eet. Fasteners should be of naving sufficient length to penetrate the structural deck at least v* inch but not to protrude through underside of the deck.Set nail heads flusn to the surface of roof insulation. When two layers of roof insulation are applied, apply first layer with fasteners, the second layer in a solid mopping of hot bitumen. Stagger loints m each layer with those of the layer below B. Poured gypeum, lightweight. Insulating con crete--Over the entire area, install one ply of asphalt coated base sheet, mechanically fas tening m accordance with FM and the roofing matenals manufacturer's requirements, install Exeltherm insulation in a solid mopping' of hot bitumen. C. Structural wood fiber--When installing Exeltherm insulation over structural wood fiber decks, several methods of installation are acceptable. Consult the roofing matenals manufacturer for their preferred method. 4. On stapes On decks with slopes greater than four inches per foot, wood nailers should be used. Nailers should be preservativetreated mon-creosote type) and snould be the same thickness as the insulation. They must be securely fastened-to the deck at nght angles to the run of the felt. The maximum spacing of the nailer should be 48 inches on centers. Wood insulation stops shall also be preser vative-treated (non-creosote type), have a nominal width of six inches and be the same thickness as the insulation. They should be securely fastened to the deck at all edges and eaves (not parapets or equipment curbs) Bitumen--Exeltherm roof insulations are compatible with all types of 8UR bitumen, and can be laid directly in hot bitumen. Recommended bitumen application tempera tures are: Steep asphalt (Type III) 400450 F. Coal Tar Bitumen 350-425 F In Koppers acceptance of any deck as satis factory to receive Exeltherm roof insulation, only the deck surface is accepted. It shall be the responsibility of the building designer and the deck manufacturer to provide for a. Expansion and contraction in a manner that will create a stable base for the roof insulation b. Support of maximum anticipated loads c. Securing attachments vertically and later ally d. The selection of the deck material and construction details, including the ability to contain bitumens. Koppers will not assume responsibility for deck defects or bitumen seepage. The placing of conduits, bolt heads, etc., above the root deck and below the roofing membrane is not recommended. All projections or openings in the deck should be completed pnor to the application of the insulation and roofing. Optimum adhesion to the deck is necessary for good roof performance. Note: Smce the specifier is aware of the actual condition of the specific installation. the specifier snouio nave the responsibility *o determine whether a vapor retarcer s reauirec The application of tne vapor retaroer snouio be m accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the type of vapor retaroer specified. Suggested Short Form Specifications For Standard Built-Up Roofing Systems Roof insulation snail be Exeltherm `oam panels, factory laminated to form an 'ntegral bond with the surfacing skins, as suooiiea oy Koppers Company Inc.. Pittsburgh Penn sylvania. Foam density is to be >n excess of two pounds per cubic foot. "C" factor snail oe __ . installed thicknessies) snail oe as indicated on drawings or specifications in sulation panels must be laid at rignt angles to the desired direction of rooting and m oarailel courses with cross joints broken Edges must be butted, without forcing. Standard roofing practices for adhenng rigia board insulation to the deck shall be used Koppers Company. Inc., supplies rigid urethane and isocyanurate insulation materials, it does not practice architecture or engmeenng Roofing that incorporates Koppers insulation products, the company believes, results m a satisfactory installation when properly applied Characteristics, properties or performances of matenals or application specifications herein descnbed are based on data obtained under controlled test conditions. Koppers makes no warranties, expressed or implied, as to the charactenstics. properties or per formance of its products under any variations from such conditions in actual construction Koppers assumes no responsibility 'or the effects of structural movement and makes no implied warranties whatsoever No agent salesman, representative or em ployee is empowered to change, alter or amend this provision unless it >s done m writing by a duly authonzed officer or em ployee of Koppers Company. Inc Note: Some manufacturers of roofing materials may require the use of a layer of perilte. fibrous glass, or ffbarboard or a ranting type basa sheet be applied over the surface of the urethane insulation prior to the application of their rooting system. Consult with the rooting system manufacturer for specific Information. ~j \ w w ** ^r a -3 iO. sviilr|(**W'l"'r* >'--wPl i.lt cries KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Materials r ;-e extra strength needed fer all rc :c;;ng and v/zter::reefing systems. Reinforcement Fabrics are necessary for with applications of Glasfab' membranes sealing and protecting them from water ar.o waterproofing and roofing systems oecause coated with bituminous or synthetic sealers. chemical penetration tne waterproofing agents .bitumens) nave practically no strength by themselves. Koooers Reinforcement Fabrics provide this extra strength m a manner similar to that of reinforcing rods m concrete. Some times called membranes, these fabrics serve as mecnamcal reinforcement for hot or cold applied bituminous coatings in roofing and waterproofing systems. They also pro vide the framework to build up coating thicknesses, achieving longer lasting water proofing systems. Once applied, they form stress-resistant pliable sheets that withstand stresses and strains from wind, vibration. 3nd expansion or contraction due to temper ature changes. Applications Of Koppars Reinforcement Fabrics are many, the largest being with hot or cold applied bituminous coatings m roofing ano waterproofing. Other applications include bridge deck waterproofing and flashings, foundations, stabs, tunnels, subways, pipeline wrapping, pipeline joint wrap, parapet wall treatment, asphalt paving repair and protection, drive ways. parking areas and tennis courts This waterproofing combination eliminates the recurrence of cracks, thereby preventing water from seeping under the asphalt and gradually breaking up the base. Tunnels are effectively protected against water seepage into and tnrough the concrete shell with Koppers Reinforcement Fabric embedded in a bituminous compound. A properly installed tunnel waterproofing sys tem prevents rapid deterioration of reinforc ing rods, heaving of concrete and the formation of icicles on the underside. Pipeline protection has been achieved through an application consisting of a bitu minous coating (Kopoers Tar Enamel) and a reinforcement fabric iGlasfab membranes) to successfully prevent corrosion and soil stress. Plaza Deck Waterproofing provides sub terranean structures with needed protection against moisture. Any subterranean con struction. wnether used for office space, classrooms, storage or a parking garage, must be watertight: including walls and too surfaces. Landscaped plazas are often con structed on these too surfaces, it is here When a reinforcing membrane .s reauirea that is not coateo witn asphalt or tar Keepers fills the need with Glascoat* Like Giasfao. Glascoat is a woven glass fabric, out s coated with white resin Glass mats ana cotton fabrics may be needed >n specific cases. Koppers makes these products avail able as waterproofing membranes, also. Bridge Deck Waterproofing effectively pro tects bridge surfaces ana substrates from premature deterioration Koooers Rein forcement Fabric, used in conjunction with coal-tar coatings, repels the adverse effects of weather, salt, gasoline ana oil spillage, in addition, the waterproofing prevents spal ling of concrete and the corrosion of bridge reinforcing rods (caused by penetration of moisture and de-icing chemicals) The woven glass reinforcement fabric serves a function similar to that of steel mesh .n concrete. Forming a stress resistant pliable sheet, the supoortmg membrane adds strength and serviceability to the inherent water resistance of the coal-tar emulsion Foundation Waterproofing And Dampproof ing at the time of construction can eliminate i Many of the reinforcement fabric systems that Glasfab* is used as the reinforcing the problems of damage-causing leaks. installed over 25 years ago are still m use membrane m the waterproofing systems Architects and engineers have long realized today, in large construction proiects such placed under the plaza surface. the advantages of waterproofing compounds as highway bridges, their applications have insured complete protection against mois ture penetration that ultimately leads to corrosion and the weakening of the structure. Roof Repairs are long lasting when Kopoers Reinforcement Fabric is used. Quick repairs Glasfab is available with a coating of asphalt or tar. to be compatible with the specified bitumen. Possessing the highest tensile strength of any reinforcing membrane currently in use. Glasfab provides a strong waterproofing system, it strengthens and secures the waterproofing agent between in preventing or retarding the passage of water. The reinforcement fabric enables waterproofing compounds to remain station ary while being built-up to me specific duantities desired, thus allowing the speci fier to achieve the buiia-uo necessary to resist existing hydrostatic pressure to roofing and flashing membranes are slabs and on walls under the plaza deck. possible if a ply of fabric is embedded in the first application of roof coating. A second application then completely seals the area where blisters and cracks once appeared. Roof Resurfacing with reinforcement fabric ados strength to existing built-up roofs. Since it is important to select the membrane mat performs oest with a particular coating. Koooers manufactures fabrics that can be utilized with cold-applied products or hot aitumen. Coated glass fabrics are available as well as glass mats and saturated cotton fabrics Glass membrane s non-rotting feature, its ability to conform to irregular surfaces, and its high tensile strength makes it a highly desirable reinforcement. Cotton fabric is often used for stripping-in and covering corrugated metal roofs. When selecting the proper roof resurfacing v_ reinforcement, it is important to also use the proper amount of coating to assure a long service life. Other Uses for Koooers Reinforcement Fabrics exist wnerever waterproofing sys tems are reauired Tennis courts can better maintain their tight, smooth playing surfaces Specifications and Technical Data Koppera Asphalt Or Coal Tar Saturated Cotton Fabric* are available m both standard ano specification grade. The primary differ ence Detween the two grades is weight. Cotton Fabric has the longest successful application record. Specification grade cotton complies with specifications from the federal government, the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM;. the American Railroad ano Engineering Associat.cn (AREA! ano the American Association of State Highway Officials iAASHO) Product Specification Cotton Fabric Standard Cotton Fabric Applicable Specificationt Fed Soec. SS-C-450A ASTM 0-173-74 AREA and AASHO for various states. None Nominal Sq. Yd. Dry Weight 3 5 OZ. 2.0 OZ. Sq. Yd. Saturated Wt. 10 oz. minimum Breaking Strength of Saturated Fabric SO Ware SO Fill Minimum Nominal Thrsad Count 28 to 32 Warp 24 to 32 Fill Coating Asphalt or Tar Color Slack 9.5 OZ. Typical Analysis 40 warp 20 Fill Typical Analysis 27 Warn 15 F'H Typical Analysis Asonait or Tar Black Koppers Giaafab* And Glascoet' Woven Glass Fabrics are both well-known and widely accepted in the construction industry. Giasfab. an asphalt or tar coated fabric and Glascoet, a white resin-coated fabric are - glass fabric is greater than cotton fabric or inorganic woven glass membranes which jute. -Will not rot. are lightweight and conform, to irregular surfaces. The tensi||fstrength 'of Hi Product Giasfab* Gtaecoer* Applicable Specifications Fed. Spec. HH-C-466b ASTM 0-1668-80 Type > & II White Nominal Sq. Yd. Dry Weight 1.2 oz. to 2.0 oz. 1 4 oz. mm i 2 oz. to 2.0 oz. Sq. Yd. Saturated Wt. 1 S oz. to 2.6 oz. 2 oz. to 3 oz. t 5 oz. to.2.6 oz. Brooking Strength of Saturated Fabric 75 Warp 75 Fill Minimum 65 warn 64 Fill Minimum r>rio,,n^uin,, w-i Thread Count 20 X 10 Of 20X20 20X10 or 20X20 Coating Asphalt or Tar Color 8iack Resin White Koppers Jute (Burlap) Fabric is asphalt saturated Commonly known as treated burlap, it is a coarse fabric which tends to nolo more bituminous roof coating material. resulting m a heavier build-up of coating in fewer applications. It is quite often specified for roofing and waterproofing. Jute is also used for protection of newly seeded areas. embankment erosion control ano citcn .mers for holding planted materials m place until growth starts. Product Juts Applicable Specifications Fed. Soec. HH-B-00800 ASTM 0-1327-59 Nominal Sc- Sq. Yd. Yd. Dry WeightSaturated Wt. 7 5 OZ. 9.75 minimum Typical Analysis Bracking Strength of Saturated Fabric 50 Warp 50 Fill Typical Analysis Nominal Thread Count ~ 9 Warn 9 Fill Typical Analysis Coating Asonait Color m 42 KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Koppers Gian Mata are widely used with cold-applied roofing products. They are nonshrinking, oossess excellent embedment qualities and conform to irregular surfaces. The U. F Glass Mat is white, lightweight, comprised of fine glass filaments in a random swirt arrangement, reinforced with glass strands at the edges and bonded with urea formaldehyde. An asphalt coated U. F Mat is also available. Standard Glass Fiber Mesh consists of chopped mono-filaments formed into a random pattern and bonded with a resinous binder. Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh is constructed of heavy glass yam. chopped in two inch lengths and formed into a lacxsfraw pattern It is bonded and coated with a pliable asonait The open pattern permits excellent oieeathrough of the asphalt into which .t s embedded. Product U. P. Mat-White U. P. Mat--Asphalt Standard Mesh Heavy Duty Mesh Binder Urea Formaldehyde Urea Formaldehyde Resin Asohalt Glass Weight 100sq.lt 9 lbs. 9 lbs. 1 39 lbs. 2.22 lbs. Total Weight 100 sq. ft i.O lbs. 3.5 lbs. 1 44 ibs. 2.98 Ibs. Tensile Strength Width 4 lbs 31 Ibs 10 ibs. 25 Ibs. Tensile Strength Length 13 lbs 47 :fcs 18 ibs 34 ibs ....... PACKAGING INFORMATION Fsbrtcs QIaafah* Glascoet" r U. P. Glass Mat Asonait White Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh Std. Glass Fiber Mesh Roll Width (150' Long) Nominal 43" 33" 24" 18' 12' 9" 9" 4* 3" 36" 2418" 12" 9" 6" 43" 36" X 180' 36"x180' 27"X 93' 38"X180' I ii ... i RoMsper Carton 4 6 8 12 18 24 38 54 72 6 6 12 18 24 36 54 72 1 1 4 1 . mi... f Carton Weights . Fabrics Roll Width (ISO' Long) Nominal 48 Standard 52# Cotton 40# 52# 52# 52# 52# 52# 52# 38" 24" t8* 12" 9" 8" 4" 3" 42* Specification 28# Cotton 42* 42* 42* 42# 42# 42* 21# Jute 7* 40# 11* 36" 241812" 9" 6" 4" 3" 36" 24" 18" 12" 9" 8" 4'* 3" i. i ... ...--. in Rolls per Carton Carton Weights 1 \ 22* 14# 2 22* 4 30* 4 22* 8 30* 12 30* 16 30* 40 26# 2 40# 3 40# 4 40# 6 40# 9 40# 12 40# -- 44# 28# 2 44# 3 44# 4 44# 8 44# 9 44# 12 44# j 1 ; 1 ! j 5 j ' -------- --... ,, i 43 rcducts the of IS e hit roof ntam n the f and e or more ages Each teno ning, ation is to Roof ars of and the more. Roof nty of Maincycle this Roof conditions Dry Felts * Bare Spots: are caused by the oxidation of surface bitumen on gravel roofs. Roof Felts become exposed to attack by the sun s ultra violet rays, and rapid deterioration follows Koppers roof resaturants help avoid this situation. Blisters: usually are formed by the presence of moisture resulting m vapor pressure that has been trapped between plies of felt on either gravel or smooth surface roofs. Koppers roof cements and membranes can solve this problem. Alligatoring: is a condition almost universal to smooth surface hot asphalt roofs. Attack from the sun starts immediately and progresses to the formation of deep roof alligators as time goes by The appropriate Koppers asphalt emulsions will provide a smooth top surface that will not alligator in the future. Splits: are the result of excessive movement in the roof system. Freeze-thaw cycles and expansion and contraction may cause roof I splits if proper expansion joints have not been provided. Koppers I Stnpshield and other systems can help control this condition. | Wet Insulation: will greatly effect the performance of any built-up ! roof Moisture trapped within the roofing system must be removed. ! Certain types of insulation can be successfully vented. This can I eliminate costly roof replacement. j Wom Flashings: can lead to a total roof failure. Koppers cements. j and membranes offer a system to restore worn flashings to a j like new' condition. If damage is more severe, our KMM I aluminum flashing system offers an approach that will provide j a completely new flashing with a durable aluminum too surface. Effective Maintenance with Tar and Asphalt Rcof rsesaturarrts r* KOPPERS 7 1 KOP Architectural and Construction Materials * Lowers the softening point of the top pour of bitumen. * Restores flexibility to dried or otherwise brittle felt * Adds additional waterproofing to the surface. * Provides a means of new gravel embedment ( Purpose: Tar: Procedure: Many factors play a part in the service life of a roof. Some factors are uncontrollable. Others can definitely be controlled. There are some aspects of roof degradation that will follow a recognized path and the end result can be predicted. The normal degradation of a built-up roof begins at the too surface. This is under standable singe it is the top surface that is subjected to the deleterious elements of the atmosphere. As soon as a roofing bitumen is exposed to these elements, an age harden ing process begins. As the softening point of the bitumen increases, cold flow properties dimmish and resistance to moisture pene tration decreases. The volatizing or sublim ing of a roofing bitumen takes its toll on the performance characteristics of the bitumen. At some time pnor to the roof reaching the point when maintenance is no longer feasible, preventive maintenance should be established, even though the roof may not be leaking excessively. After considering the age. type of bitumen used to construct Koppers Roof Resaturant 410 has a base of coal tar roofing bitumen, blended with non volatile oils and graded asbestos fibers. Roof Resaturant 410 provides the maximum softening effect and penetration obtainable from a product of this type. There is no addition of volatiles that would rapidly evaporate. Koppers Fiber Coating 41S is a tar base product specially formulated to meet Federal Specification SS-C-540. Fiber Coating 415 contains properly graded asbestos fibers plus selected penetrating oils. Asphalt: Koppers Roof Resaturant 425 is an asphalt resaturant designed to have the greatest softening effect available in an asohalt base product. Roof Resaturant 425 is a blend of asohalt and oils combined with asbestos fibers to provide a product suitable for flat or sloped graveled roofs. 1. AII loose gravel must be removed from roof. If existing gravel is to be reused, it must be washed free of silt. 2. Silt is removed with water pressure, air pressure or vacuuming, if water is used, the roof must be allowed to dry completely before proceeding. 3. Drains are covered with screens to orevent clogging of the drain system 4. After the roof is properly cleaned, all necessary repairs are made with compatible materials. 5. Koppers Roof Resaturant is applied evenly onto roof at the rate of seven i7i gallons per sauare. The application rate may vary with the condition of the roof. 6. Gravel or slag is applied to cover the Koppers Roof Resaturant. Gravel snail be m the h-H" range, and must be wasned Care must be taken to avoid exceeding weight limits of the roof deck. Gravel should be applied immediately after application of resaturant. the roof, and general condition, the use of v. Koppers Roof Resaturants offers an effective means of implementing preventive roof maintenance. 45 ystsm... n. If there is a question the existing roof and it should be made. All > made oriorto criming, ing moisture must be re repair is made, ort should be made to ie surface. If the dust sly removed. Koppers rimer #452 should be approximately X gallon must be allowed to dry proceeding with Roof I areas shall be examrimed as required. Roof pplied first to flashing 4 gallons per 100 sq. ft, Oo not apply if temperatures below 40 F are expected within 8 hours or if rain is expected before the emulsion has time to dry While the emulsion is wet. embed Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh into it with firm brush pressure forcing the emulsion through and around the glass strands. Each suc ceeding glass strip should overlap the preceding one by 2 inches. Roll ends of Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh should over lap 6 inches. Do not allow dry or starved laps. Permit Liquid Asphalt 480 and Heavy Duty Glass Fiber Mesh to dry sufficiently to permit foot traffic. After the embedding coat is dry. a top coat of Liquid Asphalt 480 is sprayed or brushed on at the rate of 3 gallons per 100 sq. ft. i or soray-on an embedsphalt 480 at the rate of g faun out it i$ not to o inferred tnat By ouOf'cation nereot Oy tha fteoer of any suggestions or me'noo contained ntrern jr infringement of any Mient. 'oreign or domestic nor given Xcppers Aluminum Roof Coatings KOPPERS 7 1/KOP Architectural and Construction Materials Asphalt base reflective coatings Kopoers asphalt base aluminum coatings contain ours aluminum pasta consisting of millions of tiny pigment flakes. When the coating is applied, these flakes rise to the surface and arrange themselves into many sningle-iike layers of aluminum. The result is a reflective metal surface that protects the substrate from the elements. With Koppers aluminum coatings, there is no peeling or separating because the asphalt base securely bonds the aluminum to the pro* tected surface. There is an aluminum coating to suit your needs: Aluminum Coating 434 contains three pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon of high grade, noivfibrated asphalt base. Aluminum Coating 435 contains three pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon. This coating is reinforced with asbestos fibers for a thicker, tougher coating and extra life. Aluminum Coating 444 contains two pounds of extra quality aluminum paste per gallon of high grade non-fibrated asphalt base. Aluminum Coating 445 is the same as 435 but contains two pounds of paste per gallon. Application: 1. Preparation--The surface to be coated should be cleaned of all loose material such as gravel, dirt. dust, rust or scale. All breaks, cracks, holes and other structural defi ciencies should be repaired prior to applying the Aluminum Coating. 2. Priming--Before applying Aluminum Coatings to roofs, dry or dusty felts should be pnmed with Koppers High-Penetration Primer 4S2 at the rate of approximately H gallon per 100 square feet. This preliminary step insures proper adhesion of the Alumi num Coating. 3. Coating--Stir thoroughly before and occasionally during application. Apply with spray or brush. 4. Curing--Allow one month curing time before application over new asphalt emul sion coated roofs. Allow three months curing time before application over new asphalt or solvent type asphalt coated roofs. Do not aopiy over "dead level" surfaces subject to standing water. Guards against moisture penetration Koppers asphalt aluminum roof coatings con tain millions of tiny pigment flakes in an alumi num paste. Upon application, these flakes rise to the surface and arrange themselves into a shingle-like layer of aluminum. The asphalt base in Koppers aluminum roof coatings pro vides excellent adhesion to the existing sur face. The result is a watertight surface that guards the substrate against moisture penetration. COVERING CAPACITY {Per 100 so. ft.) Type of Surface Metal Competition Non-Fibrated Aluminum H to % gallon \i to 1 gallon Fibrated Aluminum 1 to legations 2 to 3 gallons Protection against sunlight Koppers aluminum roof coatings create a metallic surface that reflects sunlight The reflective surface shields the substrate from ultraviolet damage while providing additional defenses against cracking or drying. Cooling energy savings Koppers aluminum coatings also help building interiors to stay cooler in the summer Alumi num roof coating reflects eight times more than the BTU per hour, per square foot reflec ted by a black roof coating.' This translates into less demand being placed on the air con ditioning system. In such instances. Koppers aluminum roof coatings represent an economic and efficient means of conserving energy. 'Study results available upon request. 47 Contact a Koppen* Sales Office Near You ' Dolomite, Alabama 35061 1825 Koppers Drive 205-744*9110 * Commerce, California 90040 5900 S. Esstem Avenue Suite 104 213-726-8686 Burlingame, California 94010 1801 Murchison Drive 415-692-3330 Atlanta, Georgia 30338 4380 Georgetown Sq. 404-458-8851 * Elmhurst, llflnois 80128 168 Industrial Drive 312-530-6300 Southfield, Michigan 48078 19675 W. 10 MMeRd. 313-352-3920 Kansas City, Missouri64l11 Room 5 V.F.W. Building 816-531-6680 St Louis, Missouri 63101 706 Chestnut Street 314-241-8096 * West Orange, New Jersey 07052 Paragon Building 10 Rooney Circle 201-736-9150 Charlotte, North Carolina 28203 1409 East Boulevard P.O. Box 3186 704-375-4427 Wicfcliffe, Ohio 44092 30060 Lakeland Blvd. 216-944-3800 Portland, Oregon 97229 7S40N.W.SL Helens Rd. 503-286-3681 * Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 1028 Koppera Bldg, 412-227-2360 Houston, Texas 77060 16630 Imperial Valley Dr. Suite 215 713-448-4999 Richardson, Texas 75061 1221 International Parkway 214-699-1103 Koppers Company, Inc. Building Materials Division Pittsburgh, Pa. 15219 KOPPERS Architectural and Construction Materials OM-U7-90