Document DvDMbVBDQaRGgwYkXX0X1zg6d
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72 7
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Euculive Cumsiittee Meeting linxxtes
January IS, 1945
LEAD HYGIENE
The secretary reported some of his" recent investi gations of articles appearing in the press on lead poison ing, particularly in the field of le'ad poisoning among ,4 children, and stated that grave doubt existed as to its prevalence, a full report having been trade to members, (Lead Hygiene and Safety Bulletin Do. 40, dated December 9, 1944) attached as Exhibit nA.n He also stated that the Association contemplated an i*vestiration of statistics on deaths from lead poisoning rV.ch, from ?. pr^timir- ry exanin-tlon, vere believed to be seriously faulty.
Discussion on the der.ir'tility of taking more ag gressive attitude in meeting the attacks frequently, made cn the lead industry cn the r.mund of lead eoisonirg r?s de ferred to a full Board meeting as numerous absent directors aished to be heard on the subiect.
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r- FEDFBAL T? TF COMTISSICD
The secretary reported having received a subooena on December 11, -194*, to aT>re:r rs a ritness at a hearire of the Federal Trade Cosnris~Ion cn rhita load. Docket F?F?, ir Ne^r York on J'nurry IF, 19^F, and to produce certain records of the Association.
. . The seerrt-ry rr.-s directed to furnish the Federal TrVde Corg isslon r-ith all the informj.ticr: rnd oat.: it re quested.
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,, "<:=r'limnediet future of t>*e r :h>~ te.-d reustry c.- - ff'cc*"d' by
. .. the nrorul."* tion of herd Crr^r !'-?? on Tec-mror Ffi, 1?^4,
l and stated tivt he lac corn-' erarythiu;. hr co-,ld In dtscuc.'in-
- j -V: the riib^ect <:itb V'*r 0rorncti--n Bo'rd offici: Is so that h-:
"4 ' white le.fl industry '"0"lc rccfiae emit."hi* trr- t'.rrt *:ith
- other civili'r uses of le:d.
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The
rv :-t t-th-1 h-* h-W t=:n e--licitird by
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- ^ivq. Connittor.- ~cw,b* r~ :-nd, ithoot ot.1otior, had entirea
ih: 'n arr -nrcm'nt, .. uc.jqot t-* l or-- I asnrov: 1 of th~ -Txaeutiv-
. Committe-:, ..he: -hy t.'i- 'vt 1 "or/dor : s oci ti"'"Ic, in piA:>ti: irns 11ion mri~ d , ..'v>"r- t".~ "`e-.d'ur rtTrsrd f 'C2.1ii"'c ' of
iiry.c;. ;t'ie L'c Industrie-': .-'SS'-M'i tinr-. nencinr "roo'ir-n^nt of a.
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rx=cutTv= Cr-T"itte t'lnr ' -''Ut s
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Tull--tine secretary. The 1945. bucket of the
L Forcer
Association (*11,009) ras node't and thr activities im
mediately planned wer--' not expected to involve curb t?
The secretary fIt that in view of the hir.dred in terest of so many members of to- r.~r t -.- etrieo 'ssoci:-tier:
-*th that of the MetrT. Forcer .-s-coci-- ti~n, ' rx t t opnert*:-- nity it v:ve the Lead Inc nr, trier Association -if r-yoandi'*.? still further its incurtrial cort'eta th*t corner direction for tho tine being, ni'ht have mutual acv- nh-oe::.
The Executive Committee authorised f-e secretary to accept the position of Acting Secretary end Treasurer of the
Metai Powder Association for a neriod of one year, after shich the arrangement would he reviewed.
BODGET - I94F
- ' a . The individual budgets for the various constituent funds of the lead Industries Association v,ere examined as per Exhibit nBn attached, and after discussion it was decided to establish a* budget for the Ordinary Fund of *p ?,000 (the - . same as for 19^4), ana the overall cudeet be reduced from :; .3-251,00'', established for 1944, to *17?,000 for 1045.
Jy/yuS-WcyIke-budgetsof. the retallic lead Products Division, l^aEed^i^pd rund, and Agri cr^ltural ervice Funds rro- aoproved 3"^'as, submitted by its respective grruus.
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Recapitulating the action of t'v=- Freer?.live Convitteo
^Vvtto^hrcrious-'.budirets-; of., the Association to be subscribed for
1945-are as follows t
Ordinary Fund ; Metallic Lead Product" Fund Bed Lead Fund Agricultural Service Fund General Promotion Fund
Amroved
/ mounts to he
Endret Subscr^b^n hy *-rberr
*FF,000 F^jfOO f0,000 *2,500*
5,000 29,500 20,000 *2,500* pp,000 ^75,000
*To.be augmented by a subscription of *9,F00 from the America' ^Turpentine Farmers Association Cooper tive.
.-.A,: A -5" ' 1^ was decided by the Committeo that no transfer of fandSAin'-.3L945A,was to be cade from one-budget to another, with out,' the 'express approval of the Executive Committee..
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executive Committee S^etirs !5mitps
Jemcry IT, 1915
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The treasurer ras authorized to invest the sir1' of ^110,000 of the Association's finds in short term Govern ment securl ties,..Tlth the an~rov=l of the President.-
- Meetinr adjourned at ?:00 P_M.
Secretery
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BUDtST h^itfQP AlliJA
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CBD1MHY FUID - The 1944 expenses were be loir budget estimates* We expensed #b^,Z30.06 out of a budget of #65,000. The appropriation of #4,000*00 for Mediaal Expenses In 1944, under the Contingency ftmd, is being applied to a researeh program at the Children's Hospital In Boston on lead poisoning In children, with the consent of the Executive Camdttee*
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Ho unusual expenditure is contomplated for 1945 but I beHero it wise to provide for more work in the lead poisoning field so that again I would reoonmsnd an appropriation of at least #3,500*00 for Medical Researoh* Jfy own feeling is that public exaggeration of the lead hazard is our most troublesome Industry problem*
' Uk t a iXTC LSAD HtQDGCTS FUND - A budget of #37,200 has been recommended by the Advisory Committee of the Metallic Lead Products Division, with
: ' the . proviso that the #7,700 balance should be utilized, the remaining 29,JjOObeingBubseribedinl945 by member companies interested in
' tha program*
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The program for 1945 contemplates a continuation of our plumb
ing field work, publication of PURSERS' FORUM, and inoludes modest
attention to the .Important ehemioal lead and sheet lead field in Y building' contraction* ;;
AmilCblJURALSEH7ICB FUND -- Expenditures In 1944 were closely in bal ance* iheprogram is being retained at the same size as in 1944, name ly#52,000, which includes an expected subscription from the American ..Turpentine .formers Association of #9,500*
V:- -It remains one of the country's outstanding Association efforts, having the. cooperation of the Federal Office of Education as well as that- of. 'most of the State Eduoat ion Departments*
RED ^SAII FUND - The budget for 1945 is being kept the same as in 1944, namely SZfl,OOQ* An ample balance at the end of 1944 will enable us to provide for, almost any emergency that say arise in 1945*
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GENERAL PROMOTION FUMD - Because of the uncertain lead situation there
.has tieqn no meeting of.the subscribers to the General Rramotian Fund* .
The overhead- expenses charged against the Fund for 1944 were #8,807*37
nd e nor have in the treasury and available for appropriation #99,878*55.
* .. The reoeixt ehange in the lead supply situation makes it desirable to plan earefully for the future of this program*
CBPmmr f t j h d
FQUHCIAL STATOtBIT
1 to
81. 1944
Expenditures
19M
v7i V.:?
. Ja.: 1 to Bwi 9i~: iJjSfiZ*
FTcurniture, F 'ixtures & VEquipa-e-st*='Salaries v|Banfc tldght. Social Security Tana 'Offloo Supplies KsceUassaus ; f
TraTeling^Expenees. -:r. _
: y V: r. 3 3. -.i.T*. .-"3a*:x^
., 377.93 ^ > #. agooo
: - 54,064.25
-35,000*00
' 4,460*88
-c 4,500.00
686.27
.. 750.00
1,011.01
1,750.00
.? ;
620.04
o * 500f00
-t .: t 2.990.82 -^o - 4,000.00
iMOOiatlqa Saoi 'v - " 3 BqftertjsiaBaqfr^ Jxmohegna. fTelephone 4 Telegraph.---
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i.9S.i : r. I 200.00 ::vr 453.33. ',ceil 1x 400*00 i,162.50 -
Boda 4 flalasrlptiaa
329.40
860.00
!>
frisking ..
TViffe v - .1. -.1
%
462.99
. 600.00
#v':
t* ^* 5j
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4- p ,NS -f A - : r;3;341.90 * -.-i-? *7"^ff'*6"41.^6(f
U: i ajBKOO -aivki 9y066^00
V' * nfefeM^^s
Iworffc or.-*!*i CCr*T ^8 * ; :jii^^0(M)0
rj*. .. .f. iv/V : '
"*.i `,naVwrw-*:sirs** v- Jci fu
: T---.-c YjQ^OUX)
." ,r_/n>ote acuf *
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, 857.891.81
#66,000.00
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ict-
a eeial-l'ieirw* S32I -838oi&---rq c-ifT
.&:bis
g'ra^TTi lo floija1. . 1 J;*-J ,ir
j:fri
wii> - OrpBBd ?qlf4l j-aer. .Lcsiswto #6852801,06.-:* o* :o*S3*tta
tialanbe;`jsjwt 1, 1944:;
#18,079.22
63.?*7ivH*WS*^w C2T?' 30:.~-v-V 4.000*80 ^
gj .'Hr.
Orfimiyf^Aasassaeiitf
j#4iffltt;Bari^-i::'l3? 7*br.?
If 5e'*5acx--4'risla^r..;0CC;T V-
'AaaaasBBiits
Ac t 370.00 = 2"Jwri
o =>'r ?c >T v-ri #88,489*72. .
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/ tBaat ;SialinnieiBaiiks: .. . * #-r6.;8^. 23'to0*0t 6; Tir~-rc^ccoa od*
:; ;Adranoas & Speoial
468,230.06 -'* lo *oo*r lc .`Aar
fe|g ; ^ >
'. ' K' 1.42S.00 ;, 69.655.06
fit ?? 1 .
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hr.* t.ir strjlfi* ale.:' a> Xrf^9,il4^l4
- I /rr,-Sti-**' '"VB"!! ji-*-' AA;:V',-~,*v8 Less : .Reserve set up la Deoaaber, 1944
T-le to\ *b{xur\
V Ia : t To t , lledioal Ressarcb V
4.000.00
fK;,r>.
c+ cmflysz* ;z * -> ' ^22|
IsJtiJgo
jji*:&r,XxLl v6kaaediMo'adl
li-aw Sos' '^xuaaand <ri* ni evd ac wm 6aa
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^jss-`s-iCalrt-rjr^vxj'i
me t a l l ic t *p mflnncxg.pmsicni f ik a h c ia l sriiaigr
January 1 to December 31. 1944
Salaries
Social Security Taxes
Traveling Expenses -
Mailing PLOMHERS' f o r u m
Booklet Arlntlng
Entertainment & Luncheons
Meetings Cementions A Exhibits
Advertising .
Bent A Ligtt
Association Dues- :
Riblioity
Miscellaneous
Transfer of Headquarters
CautlngenBles
* v'^` Balance ; Jan. 1, 1944 Metallic load Brodnets
Less: Disbursements ; . Advances
Balanoe, Jan. 1, 1945:
Expenditures Jen* 1 to Poo. 31
| 7,478.20 229,83
6,150.45 ` 446.66 4,792.92
297.14 283.78 1,799,05 2,315,01
40.00 262,00
30.98 508,76 J 963,42
$14,500,00 13,500,00 1,000.00
^ 5.000.00 4.000.00 3.000.00
" 7,000.00
' 2.000,00
|t5^608.18
$50,000,00
#25.598.18 300.00
$ 4,208.97 29.390,06
$33,^99.03
25,898,18 | 7,700.85
Budget approved lot no method of financing arrived at Ty oooperating
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Expenditures Jan. 1 to Dse SI
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v' ' CO.W. ?'./
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r.-o.U-O Social hjarity Taxes
, n-.Offioe Supplies
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i > Trvrellac'.&cpsnses
1,090.00 6.925.00 169.24 70.72 155.20 162.11
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69.26 177.31
88.5.533 \ : 8,807.37
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4- TjCwnaferred ta :JajjSsrtv' Oirlsiaa
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18,545.95 10,000.00
.8,545.95
99.835;50
108,081.46
785.92
ffyj.yM
icV^^-v*100.00- ^
8,907.37
3$? 4-, :o. '
- r$ 99,878.55' -
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W&"" Punds beiiig colleated asraiting final determination of program to
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LCEggaSLUi
Jan. l to P--. 81
*tr.? ' : IF .s+T f>* I ,~riL.
toyUI Sparity Turn v.Ctf'd, > :
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Za&lMai Aflmsfiihroe'
%ieM (Battell l^iiria totUot**,
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8,332.80
9,900.00
141*81 >.
. 980.00
1,294.78
<- 1 800.00
t4,88) r. . . . . .
2K*U) '4 .500.00
859.58) : ^71 .
,-fli.n ^Tvci/ ' :- 89QL.00
186.17^
500.00
-1,000.00 id TJir :.
; . 236.48
2,800.00
- 760,00 110.84- . v;^ 8,500.00
: -r , - ; ..? <-.: 8,000.00
1X2,094.43 ' ^ . 020,000.00
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:." Laaar% Dlabarnaasirts _:
12,094.49
iiSr.-teJ ..< >
200.00
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+ .-:-Sd ': *
* 3,825.97 19.9S8U00
23,785.97
12.294.49
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' *n ,489.48
Less^ ErTe>8Qt up ln: Deceobeiv 1944
:: /* for Researoh at BatteUa lfaaorlaL
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* Balanee, Jan.' 1, 1945*:
5.000.00 0,489.48
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1945
LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION
LEXINGTON AVENUE
COEFUKI'TIAL !!5T FViy AI^llCATIOH
..
EW TORK 17. N. T.
December a. 1544 ----- LEAD KYGIETC MD SAFETY
B>;!L.niTI NO. 40
*.
SUBJECT: IT'/SSTI-.'ATI^ OF BTInv: AHT iC LB lfrA LTii hATERS"
To Llembers of the Lead Industries Association:
Allegations are often made in the public press about lead and its toxic effect on adults or children which, to say the least, appear open to serious questioning. Being given widespread circu lation they make unpleasant reading for the lead producer, cause our industries serious damage and, most of the time, needless alarm to the public. We. have advised our members occasionally of examples taken from the. press,, and the results of our investigations.
. In recent years increasing attention has been given to lead
poisoning In Children, emphasisr stemming from the time, back in 1928 I be
lieve , when one doctor recommended the use or the X-ray in detecting the
presence of, land'in the bones of children. He was attracted by the
hypothesis that because lead goes into the bones in lead poisoning, the
X-ray ,could be used to detect the heavy metal in bone s-aertainly a high
ly desirable; short-cut, if
compared with laborious laboratory con
firmation. ; Today it is common therefore', to find hospitals using the '
. X-fray almost] exclusively as a diajyiostia toal to detect lead poisoning -
^For^sersERi;years'harcvcr, it has seemed to me that the use of [ mas,'open to serious objection and that the number of alleged 11; . Vcasesjof lead' poisoning in children were greatly out of proportion to I i.,: public!exposure. After the appearance of an article in I ..^^|^ :i*-,;^'0eccaiber;21^ 1943 rissuc- of "Tire" entitled "fkint Eaters" I determined I % ^.tomaken thoraufjt investigation of the entire subject with the result
-` as indicated;..on the attached preliminary report.
investigation has not been completed, I am convinced H^^^fl^thatrcncce' again lead has received the blame for many cases of Illness-
' which*;are not. ascribable to it. I am. hopeful that,, as a result of ry infarther work contemplated, the medical profession, itself,
^ ^. .will; correct: the impression which is now widespread that the /-ray'alone ;lS'an-accurate diagnostic tool in lead poisoning cases among children.
' vs;.-It has, given me great pleasure to work with doctors in various ^jg^ff.f-^MedicaT.circlGS,'and.:hospitals who have been as deeply interested in this
^obl(;:as;T;havc.:a.I '-found .them -all sincere.; scientists ready to modify ^^^>^their:;yicw5'asjevidence proves their current conclusions untenable
Very truly
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Secretary#
N 62.01
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An artiale in the Deasaber Zl, 1943 Issue of "liMe" entitled, "Raint Eaters" alleged that nany children in Boston ware suffering from retarded mental development ascribable to lead poisoning contracted In early infancy.
Our investigation to date discloses that: 1. This assumption~Is not proven. 'v?V`-v:- 2. Many of thealleged eases of lead poisoning ; . were probably nothing of the kind. ; : 3. The X-ray technique now beingussd by doctors 7.v as a short cut to prove lead poisoning in V'-:. . children, is unreliable.
5390
lead ' wmii, conslipatiao, pui^ las of
f1"" *" '* ti !<<-[ ---I
babies, differed psychologically from oar-
I ml tglin, pdiatly toad the effects I In the school areas of 20 children, a
1 sbsa 18 had been paint eaters,
j AH hot one child, ite.Earfdiwwnd,
were school failures-Only freehad nonnaT
! LQj , and four of the five werrao emtir
that they could not learn easily. Uaotof
I the other children were so itxqpad (LQ.
! 69 to 96) and ill-behsved that they had to
repeat
attend special classes or
even give up school entirely. One little
I giil hit people jot to see them bleed, and
; was expelled from school for dancing an
[ the desks and the piano.
t im& Occam aoi imj
49
-EBB) HI5IEHE A SAFETY BULLETIb BO. 40
PHELUZKIBY SFOBY OT IHVE8TIGAII0Y OF
The "Mae" Article - Its
In the Decasber 20, ISAS' issue of "Tine," on page 49, an artiole appeared, entitled, *Point Satsrsj* a copy of which is attached. Because of the praainenoe given to this alleged large-scale Incidence of lead poisoning in children, and the seriousness of the Implications, an Isnediate investiga tion was undertaken..
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He be^nby proouring a copy of the Bovoaber, 1943 issue of the
"Aasrican Journal of JBsoases. of Children* containing the paper by Dr. Randolph
X Bjersand Elizabeth E Lord, Fh.B. (deceased) in Boston, entitled, *Iate
Effects of. Lead Poisoning on Mental Development," on which the Time* article
was based, and 'studied it. carefully. .
`The ertiole consists of 24 pages and describes the histories of 20
siUogod cases of. lead poisoning in infancy contracted by ohildren- chawing
paint on cribs, and toys, each case being Investigated in lator years for
after: offoots end shoeing sub-normal mental davelopmont in* tho ohildren. Any
,ahaunfamiliar with load poisoning would be greatly impressed with tho ap--
paarancooftho orticlo^ In faat* prostigo and author!tativaness was given
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itaarthoj Amnrioan Medical Assication moda it tho loading article -.-ei mbar ISBUO oC tho . nanrlmn Journal of Diseases of children."
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Criticlass of artlclo
'.Ibe, paper of Byers end Lord is, however, open to serious ariticism bn smhy*iiigortant points, both from the economics of the situation and the medical aspects, as folloes: *;
i;>ivv^4^S:;j.:4(l)Bbwhere does'any analysis appear of the paint or toys alleged
4rr': ; ta have caused the lead poisoning cases described and yet this is easier to. :
} db.'thaa ohendcal analysed of biological material for lead.
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(Somo years. ago- our Association conducted an industrial survey to 4 ^`ascertain `whether-or not crib manufacturers were using any load paint on thoir
/ ' merchandise,, and, as was to be expected, rooeived an altogether negative re-- ; / V sponse./I^ U30d nowadays by crib manufacturers are primarily compounded j-'-i' with'zinc"oxide, titanium or lithopono, thorn pigaonts being-cheaper to use ? * / than white.; lead. In addition,, the * chances., of any repainting wiih wiiito lead.
? ''-^.aro^romoto os,quick-drying;enamels of a zinc oxide, lithopono or titanium, j/-v/'%bosd.faro;gonorally used in fumituro paint.)
(2-); Ho- laboratory confirmation of any lead case is given as no
4-Vr "blood^analyses- or urine analyses of the children for lead were made.
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/ViSeveral of'the oases' are conflicting in the evaluation of the . medioal evidence given.; .
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bans In ths hani body it too snail to bo doteotod *7; tif ifi-iit sAcoiv
ol^t bo axpoetod* lbo hamat body ooa not tolerato lores amounts of lead
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d^p.* doctors today firmly boliovo tho. X-ray
1w ba eoncluflve: daspitetho fact that the donao wide hTMri i8 hum
IB glvwtt. by-phosphorous, titanium, oolcium. ond probably other Qlownti( J ^.^.`rbjli;,to;oo^llcato tho situation further, tho oo-callod "loed lino" is. known to^ooourtin: rtokotjr, a oaons ailmant in ehildrozw It was not* however,
l^pnjtll;tharooont worltpf Dr. Fairholl. referred to abovo, that .doubt woo
>oojrt:upoa. tho value of the X-ray,a*, tho solo diagnostic tool in load oasoa
jOiaag growing childran. -./- -.
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Obfaotlms to fir~fhirballva~Canelusians
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fL3^^iiA^!*r/!-^.BOoauao Dr Pairhall*B .work was done on dogs, its value is discounted
K:^^,i-' by: one X-ray school which claims that the phenomena they describe only oocurs
ggow^ng. ohlldren* Inasraioh -as .Or-- FairhaU' s work .was -not done,on growing '
^^^'- ^ddff?they allege it. was not conclusive! That is where the controversy rests
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.r*r* .*; .: .'.: .-,;y own. feeling, from rather careful reading of all the litoratore
the subject;. inclines me to believe that even if tho growth fhotor is con-
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& SAFETY BULLETIN ' 50. 49
3-
aidered it will have no effect on altering Dr. Fairhall's conclusions. Dr. ftelrball points out that the dense shadow is probably caused by calcium and
got by lead*
J^rtawgi aw with Dr. Byers
With the kind assistance of Dr. Aub of the Harvard Medical School,
2 iii a Trank and friendly discussion with Dr. Byers and Dr. Crothers of the
Children's Hospital in Boston about his paper. As a result I feel that any
future investigation of alleged lead poisoning cases in the Children's Hospi-
tsl9 or any other hospital in Boston, will bo more thoroughly done and that
.-there gill be actual confirmation of the exposure, if any, and also laboratory
confirmation of the oxiatenoe of lead. I pointed out to Dr. Byors that cur-
went
practice inclined to the view tint it was absolutely necessary
h> have laboratory confirmation, chiefly through urine analyses and blood
examination (lead content and basophilic aggregation tests) to demonstrate
the presence of lend in human system. I found that Dr. Byors was not awnro
of Lr. Fairhall's investigation on the X-ray as a diagnostic tool in lead
cases
he deplored the notoriety that had boon given his paper..
Ik, Byars was deeply intorastod in my observations and is anxious to invosti-
gotothis subjoct further to ascortain tho truth.
y aanolaaian, after consulting various exports in Boston, Washington irf Cincinnati, is that, while, there may have been some lead poisoning among
children in Boston, it has never bean conclusively proven and, that the caso tads out by Dra. Byers and Lord that there is a connection botwoon retarded
development in later years and lead poisoning itself, is far from proven* AS Dr* Aub told me he felt that children who have sub-normal appe.titsi, or the disease known as "plea" which caused them to chew on inedible articles, were sub-normal to start withl
`inissiliatlea of Johns Hopkins X-ray Studies
f; In -the course of my Investigation I found It was necessary to review vtha literature over *nasyysars on the subject of X-ray shadows in the bones 'Off childrens Or. Byers in Boston had referred ss to the work at Johns Hop,Oa as being basie in the field. I, therefore, read numerous papers on tho sobjut and discovered that only one of them presented any analytical evidence that the so-called "shadow" in the bone is actually due to the presence of large amounts of lead itself. As few children allegod to be load oases died on autopsy for Corroborative evidence was rare.
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This was the fundamental difficulty which Dr. Park and others ran
into when they wrote their article, "X-Ray Shadows in Growing Bones Produced
by Lead; Their Characteristics, Cause, Anatomical Counterpart in the Eone
end Differentiation" an important pap.-r which appeared in the August, 1933
issuo of tho "Jourml of Pediatrics." This paper has boon considered a highly
. authoritative baaio study of tho subjoct and is 23 pages long. The only
STnlijUffil evidence 1 could find in it appoars on page 285 of the Journal
and roods a* follow*x
*
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/"Tho load is tho ahiaf and probably the essential causq *
a aL tho shadow, if tho analysis of Aub in Vogt's caso
tho analyses
la Caffey's case hold for others. In Vogt's case Aub found that in
the dense areas at the ends of the bones the lead per gram of bone
was 0.627 and the oalaiua 0.124 grams. The ratio of lead to calcium
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than aetually occur*
;I aJLao .chocked- the ether rtfirozas, tfc*t of Dr* Caffoy, and found :slier,rror feed bees ssde, thjLt Instead of 0*7 gross of leod.lti should
0*7 sllligrsss, agptfcer orroy of sbontigDQO tlass th correct asouxxt.
fls ooqpluslpn, <jw|(ort.Bf Or* Pork ud.Ufe assoolatoo as to the tD^eololtp j.s,'ofvopursfr.-iactjrr#ot* % . . % *.*.
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ft SAFETY StJUBJM . 40
Ur* Burk* ho--wr, still faala that avwn if lead itaelf may not ba piuawit in the so-oallad "shadow" in awuunta sufficiently groat to ba detaotad t3mt load poiaonad ohildran ahov tfaa oairifastatioa of' a ahadam so* that it way ba avtla* jot bafore ac--a aadioal autborltiaa abandon tha X-ray altogather In diapsoalng load poisoning anang children*
Incidentally, Sk* Fhirhall baa aada s o bs experiments in actually t<n bona atmotnraa at dogs to shoo that even highly leaded bona will not produce an X-ray shadow distingaiabablo fkoa non-laadad bone. This work is described In Ik* Fairhall'a bulletin previously mentioned*
1 hare also interviewed Or. Cowgill of the Yale Medical Sohool, who dntw n lot of work on lead* He has been unable to confirm the "lead"
shadow phenomenon in bones*
S*iytioal liork on Blood gpninatlanftar lead
ftu'k desoribed to ms some of the leaded eases among ohlldren*
One case I remaaber particularly beeause the child had been alleged to hare
lead in the blood but wasn't excreting it in tho urine - which also seens
strange to ae*
As a natter of fact, the analytical work being done in Baltimore on blodd ia another subject which j am currently investigating as here, too I can not reconcile same of the local findings with knowledge of the possibili ties of. an adequate lead exposure to provide for eithor lead nbsorption or lead poisoning in childran*
Conclusion
TMs investigation has not boon concludod, but to date convinces me that aneo again load has boon unfairly attacked in the public pros*. More work will have to bo dono, and I think should bo done, to provide a complcto answer to tho questionable prcvnlcnco of load poisoning in children*
This investigation shows that the medical profession possesses a mental
f picture of paint that is far from accurate* I fear they believe that all paint
contains load wheroas wc !axom that is far from correct*
Very truly yours.
Socrctary*