Document Dv86694O08XxpXzjpL6X4zwr5
ORGANIC
CHEMICALS DIVISION
RESEA
3t. Louis Research Report No. 2252
FINAL REPORT ON
AROCLOR 1248 - EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE VISCOSITY AND FLASH POINT
. -larch 11, 1959
JOB NO. 2-02-750.01-3571 Reported by: A.M. Ellenburg
ST. LOUIS, MO.
STLCOPCB4095813
MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY Organic Chemicals Division St. Loui3 Research Department
St. Louis Research Report No. 2252
PINAL REPORT
ON
AROCLOR 1248 - EFFECT OF ADDITIVES ON THE VISCOSITY AND FLASH POINT
March 11, 1959
JOB NO. 2-02-750.01-5371 Reported hy: A.M. Ellenhurg
Work done by:
A. M. Ellenburg I. S. Klaus
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DISTRIBUTION FOR REPORT NO. 2252
1. 2. 5. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. >v 11.
Pile
T. M. Patrick - A. M. Ellenburg
J. H. Lum - F. B. Zienty - file
Duplicate file
Research and Development Piles - Creve
P. G. Benignus - Organic Sales
M. McEwen
- Organic Development
Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. -- England
Monsanto Chemicals Ltd. -- England
Extra
Extra
This report contains confidential information which is the property of the Monsanto. Chemical Company which shall be disclosed only to duly authorized persons. The recipient is held accountable for the filing and safe custody of this report which must be returned on demand.
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1.
INTRODUCTION
The use of Aroclor 1248 In liquid heating systems continues to grow each year. Even though Aroclor 1248 is the lowest chlorinated biphenyl mixture that does not burn, there is a drawback in the viscosity at low temperatures. A compromise has been made in the low temperature viscosity in order to keep the fire resistance feature of the Aroclor 1248.
A program was planned to study the addition of some common liquids to Aroclor 1248 in regard to their effect on the specific gravity, viscosity, flash point and fire point. If any outstanding shift in properties could be found, a new heat transfer medium might be made available.
SUMMARY
A group of six additives were employed to make the study on changing the characteristics of Aroclor 1248. Monolsopropylblphenyl, diisopropylblphenyl, biphenyl, diphenyl oxide, dodecylbenzene and Aroclor 1232. The individual compounds were added in portions of 5, 10, and 20 percent by weight to Aroclor 1248. The change in properties were measured.
Aroclor 1242 and mixtures of Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1248 were also included in the study.
CONCLUSIONS
Aroclor 1242 offers an improvement in the low temperature viscosity over Aroclor 1248 which would allow the Aroclor 1242 to be used as low as 20 F. Instead of the present non-pumpability of Aroclor 1248 at 50F.
The addition to Aroclor 1248 of 3 to 20^ of low viscosity high boiling compounds do not Improve the viscosity sufficiently. Further more, the fire resistance of the Aroclor Is Impaired.
Alkylation of Aroclors also failed to impart the desired proper ties needed to Improve fluidity of Aroclor 1248.
RECOMMENDATIONS __
Give consideration to the use of Aroclor 1242 for a heat transfer medium where low temperature cooling Is desirable. Improved viscosity, lower density and high heat capacity are found when compared with Aroclor 1248. Fire resistance Is the property that needs critical study.
Chlorinate mixtures of biphenyl and diphenyl oxide to obtain an Improvement in low temperature viscosity and to study the fire resistance of the chlorinated mixture .
Make mixtures of Aroclor 1248 and terphenyls to study the effect on viscosity and fire resistance.
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PATENT STATUS
No patents exist on the use of Aroclor per se as a heat transfer medium. This work does not warrant any patent consideration.
REFERENCES
1. U.S. Patent 2,741,598 - April 10, 1956, R.J. Good to
Monsanto Chemical Co. A heat transfer medium consisting of 65$ by
weight Aroclor 1244, 25$ ortho-terphenyl and 15$ biphenyl.
2. Final Report No. 1306, 2-02-750.01-2957, "Aroclor as a Heat Transfer Medium in a Lamont Forced Circulation Heater", by Ellenburg, August 26, 1955.
3. Final Report No. 1184, 2-02-750.01-2682, "Alkylation of Aroclors for Evaluation as Extender Plasticizers", by W.W. Marshall, January 17, 1955.
4. Monsanto Technical Bulletin, "Engineering Heat Transfer
Data for Use with Aroclor 1248".
.
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
The physical properties of the compounds used are listed in the following table:
TABLE I
Compound
Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1242 Dlisopropylbiphenyl Monoisopropylbiphenyl Biphenyl
Diphenyl oxide Dodecylbenzene
Aroclor 1232 Aroclor 1242 (25$):
Aroclor 1248 (75$) Aroclor 1242 (35$):
Aroclor 1248 (66$)
Flash Point
380F 550 545 282 255
Fire Point
None^|
None'1) 380 306 270
239 275
270 295
505 460 575 None( 570 None^)
Viscosity, cs
210F *100F
Sp. Gr. at 25C.
3.20 2.35 2.4 1.402 0.93
0.9
1.76
2.0
45.4 17.7 12.4
4.655
--
2.46 4.94
7.0
1.450 1.390 0.952 0.980 0.992 (73/4C.)
1.073
0.871
(15.5/15.5C.) 1.266
2.95 34.2
1.435
2.90 30.5
1.430
Note (1) - No fire point up to boiling temperature.
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The combination of these additives and the subsequent effect on the various critical properties of Aroclor 1248 are shown in Table II. (See following page)
Some further testing was done on various modified chlorinated biphenyls and other chloro compounds to see the effect on the viscosity and other properties that certain substituents would have. These results are tabulated below:
Compound
Chlorinated Diphenyl Ether (54$ Cla)
Polybutylated Aroclor 1221 (9.3$ Cla)
Isopropyl Aroclor 1242 (53.8$ Cl2)
n-Butyl Aroclor 1252 (25.7$ Cl2)
Chlorinated Dodecylbenzene (24$ Cl2)
TABLE III
Flash Point
F.
Fire Point
F.
525 >760
405 465
455 540
400 465
350 370
Viscosity, ck. Boiling
210F 100 F
Temp.
210-255 6.3 474 at 4 mm
10.1 8.1 4.2 3.1
496 529 51.5 20.9
.
170-185 at 2 mm
185-227 at 2 mm
102-190 at 5 mm
DISCUSSION
It Is apparent from the data In Table II that all of the: additive have an adverse effect on the fire resistance as shown by the flash point. Fire points are not affected In the 5$ range by the nonchlorinated compounds, but the effect on viscosity and density is also negligible at this level. Whereas the low temperature viscosity Is greatly reduced at the 20$ level, the fire point is low enough to make the material flammable In all cases.
The Aroclor 1242 alone appears to offer the best chance in alleviating the viscosity deficiencies In the Aroclor 1248 at low temperatures. At 100F., Aroclor 1242 has a viscosity of 17.7 centistokes as compared to 45 centistokes for Aroclor 1248. On extrapolation, the curves in Figure 2 show that the pumpable temperature of Aroclor 1242 Is 20F. (-7C.) instead of 50F. (10C.) for Aroclor 1248 by comparable viscosities. Thi3 Is more Improvement than is obtained by 20$ of any of the additives in Table II except biphenyl or diphenyl oxide. These two compounds are too low boiling to fit Into the temperature range where Aroclor 1248 is used.
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4.
In Figure 1, the viscosity effect of the most viscous additive, polyisopropylbiphenyl, and biphenyl are shown graphically. By extending the plots to lower temperatures, it Is shown again that Aroclor 1242 is the most logical compound or mixture studied that will give the type improvement desired for a better heat transfer medium.
From Table III, it is difficult to say that alkylation offers any beneficial effect on low temperature viscosity. Thus, no improve ment in ease of pumping or better heat transfer at low temperature would result from alkylating Aroclor. It Is also apparent that the alkylation of the Aroclors Improves the flash points by increasing the boiling point, but the fire point Is at a lower temperature than the corresponding Aroclor.
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1248 are standard commercial Items and their properties are well documented.
Standard analytical procedures were used for the analysis In
Table II. ASTM D-92 for flash and fire points, ASTM D-445 for
,,
viscosities and ASTM D-287 for density were used for obtaining these
data.
de 6-22-59
A. M. Ellenburg
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APPENDIX
The data for the preparation of the samples considered are found on Notebook Pages:
81151-81200 - Anniston
84851-84859 - Anniston
88720
- Anniston
A-78526
- St. Louis
SL-12325 A-102326
- St. Louis _ St. Louis
A-102350
- St. Louis
*
Figure 1 - Aroclor 1248 plus additives Figure 2 - Kinematic Viscosity of Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 2.248
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TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
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TEMPERATURE DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
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