Document Dv1G2QE3eJqdmkLGoyGLDoRx4

mS1ggf&|m. 'Vw'1 *;.. aJP nnR'.eSd. - LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION^ ^*V- "V` g'^si -,* ' * j f~ i?i? -is * yJ -j -4 n? 1% l-\ ,, C **- * ,, '/* .< :.-i. w?,_ 53'-', 1 s/ , - r '<y^Z 7" ,t- Isjffl till Architect's rendition ot new Brookfyn Union Gas Com pany office building. (Cour tesy of Francisco & Jacobus. Engineer & Architect.) LEAD SANDWICHES TRANQUILIZE "NERVOU I Wherever new buildings are apt to get the "jitters" from subways, rail roads or heavy traffic, you are likely to find lead-asbestos anti-vibration pads in their foundation. Nesting be tween the footing and supports of the building, these sandwiches of lead, asbestos, and steel cushion buildings from shock that might otherwise an nex the occupants. A recent example is the Brooklyn Drawing shows proximity of subway tube to footing of new Brooklyn Union Gas Company building. L 1426237 I nion Gas Company's modern 14 story office building in Brooklyn, de signed by Francisco & Jacobus. Engi neer & Architect. With its polished granite facade and stainless steel mullions and window frames, this out standing example of contemporary architecture fronts on Montague Street, a heavily traveled thorough fare. under which a subwax tube is located. To assure that vibrations would not be transmitted to the new building. Francisco & Jacobus recom mended use of lead anti-vibration pads under all 66 supporting columns of The Brooklyn Union Gas Company building. The sectional drawing shoxvs near ness of the subway tube to columns along the front of the building. The average load on each pad under the building is 800 psi. The Engineer & Architect ordered pads from Ray Proof Corporation. Stamford, Connec ticut, to the following specifications: "Vibration pads to consist of a center core of #12 gage steel, with a %" thickness of asbestos on either side. A %" layer of chem ically pure lead shall surround this assembly. Before the seams are sealed (burned), this assembly of two layers of lead, two layers of asbestos and one layer of steel shall be com pressed udner 200 pounds/square inchpfjg] sure, after which all the seams are t,: sealed (burned).1 trt Often the lead pads rest freely i i| the concrete footing, xveight of th< umn being sufficient to keep the airplace. In this particular applirj the pads under The Brooklyn U Th Gas building were pierced by bolts mounted in the foundation.! umns were then bolted down upi pads until enough steel was erect) hold them in place. Then the nuls removed to prevent xibration entering the columns through) bolts. In a typical isolated footing i site, the following sequence of rials appears: a reinforced cot base xvhich varies in size to sui column, two inches of grout, a; inch leveling plate, a lead antition pad nominally one inch thick finally, a steel base plate, to whi column is attached. Construction of The Bro Union Gas building xvas a join! ture; W'm. L. Crow Constructs and W. J. Barney were general tractors. Thomas Crimmins Col ing xvas the foundation sub-contfl Lead-asbestos pads are high? sistant to corrosion, xx ith oil amiS Lead-sheathed Spire Starts on Third Decade hiving little effect upon them, however, is susceptible to attack the lime present in "green" con- ^ *nd the pads should be protected ,_1 asphaltum before they are used, flinc and use have clearly demonhaled the effectiveness of lead-asbes- i pads for vibration isolation, and Brooklyn Union Gas building jan imposing list of buildings that r lead pads for this purpose. PWo of footing with lead pod in place. tiHgg e ofS cm to Bro :oi hi and| LI A 26 238 Eglise du St. Esprit, a church in Quebec which echoes the tradition of Old World France, has a spire rising gracefully above any in this quaint city. And, as true to its ancient French tradition as it is compatible with the most modern building techniques of today and tomorrow, this spire is sheathed in lead. Lead was chosen for this church not only for its centuries old association with church architecture, but because of its color compatibility with the stonework of the church. As the archi tect, Adrien Dufresne, says, "the whole church looks like silver and the weather has not changed its appear ance since the day it was built. Lead was chosen because it is closer to the color of the stone. " He has called attention here to ? fine point in design -- the harmony in color possible between two dissimilar materials -- brought about, in this case, by the blending of lead and stone. Consistency, in this respect, was aided no little by the use of lead coated cop per in the open work louvered section of the tower just below the spire. The spire itself, an unusual eight pointed star in plan, rising a total of 198'-0" above the sidewalk, was fin ished with 4 lb. lead in 12" x 18" sheets. Work was completed in 1941 by contractor Eugene Premont and M. Dufresne reports that in the interven ing twenty years, through Quebec's rigorous winters and contrasting sum mers, no maintenance whatsoever has been required. An impressive testimo nial to the skill of the architect, the workmanship of the contractor and the ability of the material, with proper handling, to answer the requirements of any job properly assigned to it. Twenty stormy Quebec winters hove passed since this steeple was built. --3-- President Eisenhower's "Nautilus" commemorates the passage of that submarine under the North Pole. The King and Queen of Denmark were presented with "Sleeping Beauty," suggested perhaps by the story of famous Dane Hans Christian Andersen. SCULPTURE Fit for a King There is nothing quite like Steuben glass. Admired the world over for its exquisite workmanship, design, and bril liance it is one of the few dis tinctively American art forms. It is literally fit for a king and has frequently been chosen as the most suitable gift for such rulers. Pictured here are four of the pieces recently' displayed in an exhibition of Steuben crystal in private collections. The inherent brilliance of the crystal used by the Steuben craftsmen comes from flawless claritv and the high index of re fraction provided by lead glasses in the melt. : Cathed ra I," a fitting F ren ch theme, was presented to Charles de Gaulle during Eisenhower's 1959 visit. iiwiiM*tta L IA 26239 "Saying of Confucius" presented to Chiang Kai-shek on his seventieth birthday in 1956. --4-- ratio |um{ t* s' ^**' `filial cost !G aensW en e**9V How do you choose a battery? e^e/'( * ytO'1'-ho rs P * ei ^ P io1 f'\Jdr'c x.-. cost pg t cycle "In the last 20 years, there has been rapid growth in portable electric energy sources. At the same time, there has been a rapidly growing de mand for portable power units, or batteries, for specialized uses. In this myriad of new uses, the criteria bv which batteries formerly were evalu ated have been pretty well upset. In most cases, a single characteristic is of primary importance to the success ful application of the battery . . . for example, perhaps in a specialty appli cation, the energy-weight ratio may be ill important: in another, it may be cycle life, or shelf life, or energyvolume ratio, or cost." This quotation* puts its finger on the dilemma of many a designer and purchasing agent faced with the prob lem of selecting the best battery sys tem for a given task. At the same time it shows why such a multitude of specialized batteries have come into existence -- and why they continue to exist! Surprisingly, though, nearly all of the ``new" battery systems are not new at all. In 1839, for example, the fuel cell was known as the gas cell. And by 1842 a battery of 50 such cells was in operation. The nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron cells were patented at the beginning of the century. The mercury cell was proposed in 1866; the use of silver oxide was proposed in 1899 and patented 11 years later. Seebeck did his thermoelectric work around 1821. Lead-acid batteries, too, have a long pedigree. In 1859, Gaston Plante' wrote, ``The secondary electromotive force obtained with lead plates in water, acidulated with sulfuric acid, was greater and persisted longer than that of other combinations." As Grimes and Herbert go on to point out, "A hundred years of battery de velopment work, on which has been built a giant industry, has failed to upset that statement. We believe that for many years to come, the lead-acid battery will continue to maintain its position in the storage battery field as the preferred auxiliary power source for automotive use." The high cell voltage Plante' noted is largely responsible for the excellent rating the lead-acid battery achieves in comparison to other cells. It offsets the higher density of lead and gives, for example, a better energy-weight ratio than other work horse batteries like nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron. Silver-zinc and silver-cadmium sys tems do even better in energy-weight ratio -- but with a high cost penalty. Considering ease of recharge, life, and costs, authors Grimes and Herbert conclude: ``The industrial lead-acid battery is better than the other sys tems on the basis of cost per unit energy output over the life of the bat tery. Automotive lead-acid batteries have a lower initial cost than any of the other systems, but because of its better cycle life, the industrial type is more economical." Comparison of common battery systems rated at TOO amp-hr, 12 volts Number Average of cells Watt-hours Type volts/cell (12v) per lb. per in.3 Charging Time Estimated Cost Est. life $ $/yr. $/cyde Lead-acid industrial automotive Nickel-cadmium pocket sintered Nickel-iron (tube type) Silver-zinc Silver-cadmium 0a-H2 fuel cell 1.9 6 1.9 6 1.2 10 1.2 10 1.2 10 1.55 8 1.06 11 0.7 16 13.1 1.35 /5-10 hr (a) constant) ]potential or stepped! 15.0 1.3 1 current ' 1600 cycles 5-10 years 300 cycles 3 years 70 9 40 13 .043 .13 11.0 0.6 11.5 0.88 7-8 hr @ constant potential 2 hr if vented, 10 sealed 2000 cycles 150 10-20 years 6 .075 3000 cycles 300 10-20 years 20 .10 10.6 0.92 85-100 3.0 50-75 2.5 6-7 hr @ constant potential 2000 cycles 130 15-20 years 4-20 hr (a) constant potential 200 cycles 1 year 800 4-20 hr @ constant potential 500 cycles 1000 2-3 years ------------- not applicable or available----- 7.5 .065 800 4.00 400 2.00 LIA26240 *From "The Choice of Battery Systems," by C. G. Grimes and V. S. Herbert. This paper was presented at a recent SAE meeting. in'-l,' I'npip; ,irc nv;i i 11 hlf fnuu f T \ Craftsmanship in Lead Three feet in dlome+er, he lilypod birdbath employs 8 pound antimonial lead for strength. A foun tain is concealed in the center of the lily (right). The leaves are 8 pound and the blossom 4 pound lead. Sheet lead. I. mg the c hoice of crafts men as a medium for decorative and enduring artifacts, is regaining popu larity in law l and lobby decorations, fountains and planters. Samples of such work, pictured here, have been used in Manhattan penthouses, fine residences, formal gardens and several of the newer public buildings in the New N ork area. Craftsman Barrv Fromuth of Staten Claud prefers to use 4-. (>. or b pound lead l depending on the size of the ob ject i for most of these. Long leaves and other members requiring high strength are made of 8 pound antimonial lead. One of his favorite pieces is the lily. pad pictured. Three feet in diameter, it serves as a drain fixture cover__ and as an attractive bird bath at the same time. I ! ; 1 , 200 TON CAR Built at a cost of 3700,000 this "`transfer cask car" will handle fuel transfer operation at the new Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Reactor. Massive lead shields protect the operator while the car carries ``hot" elements from the pile to a lead decay chamber. Builder Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton incor porated a heat exchange system, too, for preheating new elements before insertion in the pile and to cool spent elements. LI A 26241 j.n 4.w mmmwt 1 6-- Anti-sub patrol at work--the acoustically treated cabin helps Sonar experts hear. No helicopter hiving today comes which uses only about two yards has anywhere near the Rolls-Royce claim achieved a dramatic improvement. that the loudest noise in the speeding In all three of these aircraft, the "3 vehicle is the tick of the dashboard clock. But the Navy's HSS-2 anti-sub Coustifab has been applied to the roof area between the interior cabin fac 1. helicopter built by Sikorsky and re ing and the structure. According to viewed in a recent issue of Lead i lead- Sikorsky acoustics engineers it is one teflon bearings I has achieved a of the best materials they have tested. relatively quiet cabin through the use Essentially, Coustifab is a com of a leaded vinyl-coated fabric septum, posite of a layer of soft vinyl contain called Coustifab. ing a large proportion of finely divided Civilian helicopters made by Sikor lead, and a laver of cloth backing. sky and now going into commercial Where it is to be used to face a sur airwavs service will benefit from the 9600 cvcle range. In general terms, face. self-adhesive backing is added. same treatment. this means \our ears would find the The finish face of the Coustifab can Finely divided metallic lead in the deep droning sound of the aircraft cut be tinted viml. either smooth or em relatively soft vinyl sheet adds mass almost in half, the hissing and whis bossed, or a decorative fabric can be to the inherent "`limpness" of the tling noises dropped to one eighth laminated to it. It is manufactured by sound barrier. Acoustical experts have their former value. Other frequencies Cordo Chemical Co. of Norwalk. long known that "limp" mass of this are correspondingly reduced too. of Conn. sort is an excellent way of blocking course. sound transmission. To achieve this quieting Sikorsky The leaded-vinyl and fabric septum engineers employed two weights of is used in conjunction with glass fiber. leaded vinyl laminate. One weighs These two materials complement each 0.48 lb/sq. ft. (0.030 in. thick), the other: glass fiber reduces sound re other 0.88 lb/sq. ft. I 0.055 in. thick). flection. Coustifab reduces sound The civilian counterpart of the HSS-2 transmission. uses 20 yards of the lighter fabric and Tests of the big helicopters insu 7 yards of the heavier material. An I lated in this way show that cabin noise is reduced about 4 decibels in the other helicopter slated for civil air service, the S-62. uses about 8 yards frequency range from 20 to 75 cycles of 70-ounce laminate and 4 yards of per second, 25 decibels in die 4800 to heavier material. Even the HSS-2. LIA76242 ivilian helicopters profit, too. This one uses 27 yords of jaded vinyl septum to quiet its 25-28 passenger cabin. Electric Speedster The "Voltaram" I pictured I i> a une-of-kind lead-acid battery powered experimental car. Its manufacturer. Stuart Motors, Inc., of Kalamazoo, does not expect to put this car into production but is using it to test out components for a 4-passenger electric which will appear this fall. Advanced equipment and lightweight construc tion promise outstanding performance for the newcomer. Anticipated price tag: 81500 to S1600. rrnm rntimR /nr 'em nnrrrp t&Qd V: 3FB#iWLIBRAR OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION 15 "tfcHt&rv Th following publications are available free of thorge unless otherwise noted. Send request to the LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, 292 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N. Y. The materials you buy - lead Descriptive information about lead from mine to finished products. Reprinted from "New York Purchasing Review," January, 1959. Corrosion Data - lead & alloys Chart form presentation of the corrosion re sistance of lead and its alloys to 188 common chemical materials over the normal tempera ture range. Reprinted from "Chemical Engi neering," February, 1953. Methods of lead lining tanks Four page review of corrosion performance and fabrication methods for lead in process vessels and piping. Considers five ways of using lead. Reprinted from "Chemical Engi neering," January 9, 1961. Materials of construction reviews Lead and lead alloys in design and construc tion for research and engineering use. Bibli ographies for 1961, 1959, 1958 and 1957 are available (editions are not cumulative). Re printed from "Industrial and Engineering Chemistry." Lead-asbestos anti-vibration pads Gives specification, drawings, and reviews re cent applications of lead-asbestos anti-vibra tion pads for buildings. Lead work for modern plumbing $2.00 Postpaid, $1.50 per copy in quantities of 10 or more. Profusely illustrated with over 140 photo graphs and drawings, the textbook presents clearly to the plumbing student the necessary tools, procedures and the methods required for lead work. Red leod technical letters No. 12 Seven formulations and schedules for painting highway structural steel. No. 13 L.I.A, Formula 9-2. A single Red Lead Primer for Rusted, Weathered or New Galva nized Steel. No. 14 Describes the formulation of red leadcoumarone primer for seawater immersion -- ship hulls, fixed marine installations. Lead in modern industry (Request on company letterhead, please) A fully illustrated 230 page, cloth bound book describing all phases of the production and use of lead, lead alloys and lead compounds. Truck costs in a jiffy Three nomographs permit estimation of costs for gas or battery powered industrial trucks in two or three minutes. Depreciation, operat ing costs, and maintenance are appraised sep arately for all unusual types of operation. Building construction bulletins No. 1 Specifications for Lead Waste Connec tions for Plumbing Fixtures with Integral Traps (Water Closets -- Pedestal Urinals -- Service Sinks.) No. 2 Specification for Lead Shower and Safe Pans. No. 3 Specification for Lead Chemical Labora tory Drainage Systems. Seamless feme for roofing Illustrated four-page architectural specifica tion also provides data on strength and weight characteristics and color advantages of terneplate as roofing. Design engineering data Twelve-page publication summarizes all main lead uses, tabulates data. Oilless bearings - helicopters Reprint from "Design News" shows use of lead-teflon bearings in helicopter. Photos and drawings included. Nuclear materials Eight-page reprint from "Materials in Design Engineering" inspects current fuels, controls moderators, reflectors and shielding. 1000 F bearings Data on dry high-temperature lead oxide bear ings developed by N.A.S.A. Reprinted from "Materials in Design Engineering." NEW LISTINGS Decorative finishes for lead Informative four-page reprint from "Metal Finishing" i!949 describes methods for all finishes and plating methods for lead. Cutting press vibration Describes use of lead-asbestos anti-vibration pads to reduce newspaper press vibrations. One-page reprint from "Publication Manage ment" for April, 1961. A new look of leod Roundup story from "Ethyl News" presents the newer roles of lead on today's technical front. Quiet please! Two-page reprint explaining lead's function as soundproofing material. From "Modem Sanitation and Building Maintenance" April 1961. Electric delivery trucks The facts and figures about battery powered street delivery trucks for milk, bakery and other routes. Reprinted from "Food Process ing" March, 1961. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS. LI A 26 2 43 Reproduced by letterpress from lead typi PRI NTED I S U.S.A. PCBUSHtHS PRINTING ----- ROCTFRS KF.J.LOGC CORP. LONG ISLAND CITY 1, N. Y.