Document DMoXR02zeEEm7dQkXy3ararO

1'ropof.ctl Toxic l*o J hit unt j liffluent Stomlonls for Aldrin/DicJdrln cl u). ) } IWI'CA (307) Oockot No. ] WASTliWATJ-.K MANAC.IiMTNT SUMMAKY POK yoi.Ycm.ouiNA'n:!) nirm-NYrs Prepared l>)': Or. Kenneth S. Price . Clark, Diet! ( Associates-IingJnccrs, Inc. HONS 039665 A r l: A 1) A V I T My name is Kenneth 55. Price, My address is: 2S04 Pond Street, Urbnnn , Illinois, 61801. I am nn Environnentn1 Consultant in the firm of Clark, Dietz nnd Assoc i at t s Eng inrers, Inc. with home offices in Urbano, Illinois. 1 am a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Illinois. ) am a native of Indiana and since the receipt of my Dachclor of Science in Civil Engineering Degree from Purdue University in 1964, I have devoted my life to the study, teaching, and practice of water and wa3tcwalcr treatment specializing in the arue of industrial waste troatment. 1 received Muster of Science in Civil Engineering and PhD Degrees from Purdue University specializing in Environmental Engineering, in 1966 and 1968, respectively. During my graduate study program, 1 was a full-time instructor in the Environmental Engineering Deportment - for approximately 2 years. Ptod 1968 to 1970 I was Captain in the U. S. Army Medical Service Corps sorving os the Post Sonitary Engineer and Assistant Preventive Medicine Officer at Port llunchuca, Arizona. Prom 1970 to 197.1, | was an Env i memento I Engineer in ihc hatii <jua 1 i t y in-scatch Croup, Research ami Development Dcpnit' moot, Union Carbide Corporation, South Charleston, West Virginia. In this position, 1 conducted basic and applied research related to the control and treatment of petrochemtcnl wastewaters. In addition, 1 provided technical service to the customers of the MONS 039666 Union Carbide Corpoiatiou will* respect to the handling oml treatment of wastewaters containing petrochemicals. During this same period, I was an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering at llie Kanawha Valley Graduate Center of West Virginia University. In this position, 1 taught courses on water treatment and physical-chemical treatment of industrial wastewaters, i have published paper*, related to biological treatment of petrochemical wastewaters and the measurement of the biodegrodnbi1Uy and acute aquatic toxicity of petrochemicals In my current position, I am principally responsible for tho development of treatment processes for industrial wastewaters During the past year, I have reviewed all available tcchnicol information on Polychlorinated Diphenyls in the environment and prepared an interna] report on the handling and disposal of equipment contaminated with PCIJ's. 1 am also Technical Director of Labirotory Services for Clark, Diet* $ Associates. I am a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Water Pollution Control federation, the American Water WotVs Association, and Sigma XI. I am presently serving as the Chairman of the Industrial Waste Practices Committee, Environ* mental Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers. WATER MANAGEMENT SUMMARY IOU POEYCU EOR 1 NATEP JUPDENYES lotroduction Polychlorinated biphenyls have in the past been employed primarily os dielectric fluid:; in the manufacture! of copneitors and transformers. In addition, PEH's have been used as plastici sers for paints, inis, iopying papers, adhesives, and sealants. PCIl's hove also been employed in formulating pesticides, HONS 039667 as industrial fluids for heat transfer ond hydraulic applications, ns cutting oils, as lubricating oils, and os vacuum pump oils, The solo domestic producer of PCO's, Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, has indicated voluntary discontinuance of the sole of I'CK's for all uses except in the manufacture of capacitors and transformers. However, there arc no restrictions on the importation of j|)p rrii'r^fuul I'HT'rnntnlninf; materials from producers outside of the United States. Therefore, In developing the_j>xpe*cjl. ^ffTucnt discharge standard for PCB's the assumption has been made that PCIl's may continue to be employccl_,,in_jil 1 of the previously cited areos. This report will present a discussion of the control and/or treatment techniques which will most probably be required to meet tho proposed effluent discharge limitations. The sub* ject areas to be considered are summarized in the following outline: A. Control Measures Applicable to All Industrial Operations Involving the Use of PCR's B. Control Measures Related to Specific Industrial Operations Involving PCIl's (1) Munufnetute of PCIl's (2) Capacitor and transformer manufacturing (3) Recovery and regeneration facilities (4) All other manufacturing, formulating, and processing operations involving, the use of I'CD's and constituting point sources of discharge. (5) Ultimate disposal operations. MONS 03966B C. Potential Treatment Systems for the Removal of PCB's from Wastewater D. Comments on Costs of Implementing Control and Treatment Programs E. Comments on Time Requirements for the lmp1emcnt.it ion of Effective Discharge Control Measures Control Measures Applicable to All Industrial Operations Involving PClt's Without regard to the type of facility being considered, certain operations are required which present the potential foT loss of PCfl'r to the local environment and subsequent contamination cf water. Examples, of such operations include loading and unloading transport vehicles and containers, cleaning transport vehicles and containers, storage of PCB's in tank farms, cleaning storogc. vessels, transferring PCB's to and from storage facilities, and the disposal of contaminated or "off-grade" PCB's ot Pf.U containing formulations. With the exception of denning operations there would appear to be no need for the introduction of wator into these operations. Control measures to prevent the loss of concentrated organic materials arc, of course, not foreign to Industrial operations and have been employed in the petroleum industry, the petro chemical industry, etc. 'Ihc basic philosophies followed in such control measures include minimising the potential for accidental spills and leaks, containment of unavoidable spills and leaks, and exclusion of water from those areas In which MQNS 039669 spills, leaks, etc. arc unavoidable. Specific examples of the measures which should be employed to prevent accidental losses of PCh's are enumerated below: 1. Operations involved with loading and unloading transport vehicles represent potential sources of minor losses due to spills in connection and disconnection of transfer lines, leaks in trans fer lines, leaking pumps, etc. These minor losses should he contained through the use of drip pans, collection sumps, etc. Accidental contamination of rainwater could be avoided by enclosing these operations. All stormwaters originating outside of the enclosed area should be routed around such enclosures. Curbing and diking should be employed to prevent accidental spills from leaving the enclosures. Loading and unloading operations also represent the potential for major losses of PCB's through overfilling, improper closuro of valves, etc. Liquid level alarms, instrumentation including valve positioning Indicators etc., collection bibs and sumps, and operator education represent the best control measures for proventing major losses during loading and unloading operations. 2. Transport vehicles employed for the carriage of PCB's should be dedicated to that service. Dedi cation of transport vehicles reduces and potentially MONS 039670 eliminates the need for cleaning of such vehicles. Khcn cleaning is unavoJdnh1c, solvent cleaning with the contaminated solvents subsequently being incinerated should be con sidered. Mien the use of water In cleaning operations cannot be avoided, the actual volumes of water employed should be minimized with the use of numerous small washings rather than lorge volume flushing. PCD storage tanks and vessels should also be dedicated to that service. Drum storage areas should be enclosed and curbed; there should be no floor drains in tho drum storage area. Over packs which con he employed to contAin leaking drums should be available. Accidental spills in tho diked storage aroa should be picked tip using absorbent materials and the use of water for cleaning in this urea should be avoided. Large tanks employed for the storage of PCB's should at a minimum he diked with the diked volume being sufficient to hold the entire contents of the tank. Although it would he unusual on the basis of current practice, it would also ho wise tu consider enclosing tnnk farms employed for the storage of TCP's to prevent accidental coni urn Inalion of rainwater. At a minimum, storm water origination in the TCP tank farm should he segre gated from storm waters which have a low potential of HONS 039671 becoming con t ami nal ed with PCR's, Vapors originating from PCH storage tanks may condense and be deposited round a tank storage area. Such accumulations could subsequently result in the contamination of storm water, therefore, positive control on the vapors from PCB storage tanks should he considered. Such control mcosurcs might include on inert gas blanket on storage tanks, routing all vapors through the properly designed incinerator to destroy PCD's or manifolding all tanks and routing off-gases through a central activated carbon Adsorption system. 4. Transfer lines, pumps, etc. employed to move TCP's from strnage facilities to the use point in manu facturing operations should bo readily accossnble to permit proper maintenance and routine inspections for leaks. It would be desirable to have such trans fer lines located in a pipe gallery and again en closed to prevent the contamination of storm water. Drip pans, sumps, etc. should be liberally employed to contain accidental losses and leaks of PCB's. Emptied drums should either bo decontaminated through solvent washing or forwarded to disposal firms ' equipped to incinerate drums contaminated with hazardous materials. 5. Pure PCIl'iH or concentrated organic formulntions containing PCR's which have for one reason or onothcr become contaminated with undesirable materials should either hr rrjjencM at rtl and reused "r destroyed lb rough HONS 039672 Inc intrntion. Witli the possible exception of enclosing tank farms employed (or PCB storage, virtually oil of the wcosmes cited above could he entegorized os standard operating procedures for many industries. The proposed effluent discharge standards for PCIl's will undoubtedly make stringent application of those principals and practicos n necessity. However, those measures will also represent very cost effective means of reducing the total volume of water, particularly storm water, which might require terminal treatment. Control Measures Uciated To Specific Industrial Operations Involving PCH's Manufacture of I'CB's. The sole II. S. Manufacturer of PCB'S is the Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, fts plant, located at Sauget, Illinois, produces PCB's by chlorine* ting biphenyls in cylindrical contact towers using either Iron filings or ferric chloride as a cutnlyst. A byproduct of the chlorination reaction is hydrogen chloride which is absorbed in scrubber wotcr. The crude products, the dosired characteristics of such are controlled by predetermined chlorination exposures, ore purified by distillation under curofully controlled con ditions of temperature and pressure. The electrical resistivity of the product is regulated by mixing the product with Pullov's Barth at elevated temperatures and then filtering through paper to tii'lticvo the desired characteristics. Potential sources of water contaminated with PDl's which could originate from the IM'II maniif act urinj; operations enn he HONS 039673 summarized ns follows: 1. Waters employed in the scrubber system for the capture of the byproduct hydrogen chloride can become contaminated with PCB's due to volftt1IzntIon of PCH's from the contact tower and through minor process upsot. The scrubber waters are neutralized and reportedly contained in a closed reactor loop system. Blow down from the scrubber water system con contain PCU's. Non-contact cooling waters can become contaminated with rCH's through minor leaks in heat exchange equipment. t. Water employed to flush PCB's from the floor of the production area in the event of spills or leaks. 3. Wator employed for the cleaning of transport vessels. 4. Storm wmer falling on the PO production area; the manufacturer believes that this coniuminat Ion results primarily from the iiccumulnt ion of PCM''; which ociured prior to the initiation of n rigonis in-plant control program. In o presentation to the Standards and Water Quality Information Advisory Committee (1) Monsanto detailed additional control measures employed in their manufacturing facility. These control measures arc summarized in the following numbered items; MQNS 039674 1. Drainage i.\ directed to trenches am) piping ami then to one of two 3000-gnlIon settling basins fr>r the containment of accidental spills. Small quantities ol PCD's collected in the settling basins are later pumped to drums for ultimate disposal. 2. Rupture disc linos and atmospheric vents have been routed through catch basins or redirected to the settling hnsins. This measure insures containment of PCU's in the event that rupture docs occur. 3. Storage tanks arc blanketed with nitrogen to oliuinatc tank "breathing". 4. Mist eliminators have been installed in vapor lines. 5. Sewers havo been altered to prevent build-up of PCR's in the system and to allow monitoring of the effluent from a manufacturing unit. 6. Operator education has been conducted to insure a high level of "housekeeping". Operator responsibilities include checking for leaking pumps on every shift, reporting and documenting leaks to insure corrective actions, emptying drip pans into scrap Pen drums, using "Floor Dry" to absorb any PCD's and minimizing the volume oT woter used if flushing of PCH's to the settling basin is roqnircd, and insuring that all sampling drums/sernp P(dl drums arc* transferred to the ultimate disposal area. MONS 039675 7. A special in<inurutor has bern installed for the ultimate disposal of concentrated PCB's employ ini: tempo ratines at or above 2000 F. Drainage in the disposal area is also routed to o 10,000 gallon basin for the containment of rcii's. liven with these control measures, Monsanto indicates that their current effluent discharge would not meet the proposed PCD discharge limitations. Therefore, terminal wastewater treatment facilities for the removal of rat's would"be requmrtf':--------- Capacitor and Transformer Menufacluring. Polychlorinated biphenyls have been employed for many years as dielectric fluids in capacitors and transformers. Their use in these applications is primarily related to their superior di- olcctricnl properties and particularly with regard to transformers, their low fire hazard rating. In reviewing all potential uses of PCB's, the Interdepartmental Task Force on PCIl's (2) concluded that the use of PCB's in capacitors and transformers should be continued since suitublc substitute materials were not avn i 1 able at the present time. A publica- talion by the National Fleetrteal Manufacturers Association, (Nl.MA) O) presents "Proposed American National Standard Guidelines for Handling and disposal of Cnpncitnr-nnd Transformer-Grade Askurclr. Containing Polychlorinated Bi phenyl:;." tfilmot (4) presents a survey of production technique employed in manufacturing capacitors containing PCB's. In rvviowing these pidil]cat tens, the following numbered potential HONS 039676 sources of FCB containing wastewaters was developed: 1. Bulk shipment, receiving, and transfer of PCX's, Implementation of the previously described contio) measures for these types of operations could poten tially eliminate and should certainly minimize the volume of PCD contaminated waters released from these operations. 2. Stcaai jet vacuum systems condensates. Preconditioning steps employed in preparing PCX's for use in capacitors . ond transformers include heating and the application of vacuum for the degasification and demoisturizing of the PCX's. In addition, the impregnation process employed in manufacturing capacitors can employ the application of heat and a vacuum for these same purposes. PCX's volatilized during these operations can con* taminate steam employed in vacuum jot systems. The volume of contaminated water can be reduced by employing other than vacuum jetf. for the development of a vacuum (i.c. substitution of a rotary or piston type vacuum pump). The small volume of water vapor condensate contaminated with PCX's resulting from PCB demolsturizing procedures should be captured and disposed of through ino lac rut ion. 3. In some instances watcr/dctcrgcnt type washers arc apparently employed to clean capacitors following impregnation and scaling. This sourco of PCX con* laminated wastewater could he eliminated through the application of solvent wushing techniques. MONS 039677 4. Control oT I'f.H's in si) other operations associated with manufacture of capacitors and transformers Should permit the elimination of PCB contaminate'! wastewaters. The measures recommended in tho NI'MA report essentially center around pood housekeeping to include containment of occidental spills, dry clconing methods, and ultimate disposal of con centrated ITIt's or concentrated organics containing pen's via incineration. Tho NIiMA report should he consultod for detailed discussion of the recommended control measures. The only other control measure which could be recommended at this time would include the application of activated carbon adsorption systems on all local exhaust ventilation systems employed to control PCB levels in the work environment. Exhausts from such control systems can result in the con tamination of roofs and plant site ground which sub* soquently results in the contamination of storm woter. In summary, it would appear the control measures to prevent tho loss of PCH'k to water and ultimate disposal of PCB contaminated solids and organic liquids through incineration would represent the best approach to achieving compliance with the proposed PCB effluent discharge limitations. If the recommended control measures ore found to he too restrictive for normal production operations, terminal treatment systems could be employed os required to permit compliance with the proposed discharge limitations. Recovery and regeneration Facilities. I am unaware of any MONS 039673 specific facilities constructed for the sole purpose of recovering and regenerating PCIi's. As previously Indicated, capacitor and transformer manufacturing facilities nmy pre condition 01 recondition (regenerate) I'Ch's from capacitors and transformers which fail to pass quality control checks. If facilities have or will he constructed for the red!st i)lot ion and recovery of PCh's from PCB containing formulations, it is believed that, the control measures, etc. discussed for the manufneturc of PCB's would he equally applicable. All Other Manufacturing, Formulating and Processing Operations Involving, the Use Of PCB'r. nml Constituting a Point Source of Discharge. This broad category includes facilities using PCli's ns plasticizers for paints, inks, copy paper, adhesives or sealants, in pattern, waxes for investment casting, and in industrial fluids for heat transfer, hydraulic fluid, vacuum pump oil nn<l cutting oils. The general control measures for preventing the loss of PCH's to water from handling, storage and transfer operations are again equally applicable to these uses of PCh's. Manufacturers employing PCH's for any of these applications should review their operations and determine if water coni ami notion can he avoided in their specific csscs; Where water contamination is believed to be unavoidable, these manufacturers are confronted with two choices. The first and most satisfactory alternative from the viewpoint of positive prevention of I'Cll contamination of water would be substitution of other material-, for PCh's. The report hy t lie Interdepartmental Tusk force on PCh'r. contains detailed discussions of potential MONS 039679 substitute materials for I'CB's In many of theso appl icat ions. Tli second altunint ivr Mould be to weigh the benefits of the continued use of PCB's in applications where water contamination is unavoidable against the capita) and operating investments to permit terminal iTeni-ment of contaminated wastewaters such that compliance with discharge limitations on PCB's can be attained, Ultimate Disposal Operations. The general control measures, previously presented, arc equally applicable to ultimate disposal operations with regard to the prevention of accidental losses and contamination of storm water, etc, Monsanto in its numerous presentations, the NOMA report, and othcTS have justifiably indicated that the best moans of ultimate disposal of liquid PCH*s and organic concentrates containing PCB's Is through high temperature incineration. The NHMA report includes n section describing existing commercial disposal operations with the capability of incinerating PCB contaminated solid wastes. Since water scrubbing is required to cuptUTC IICI. generated in the incineration of TCD's the major consideration of ultimate disposal operations would he to insure that incineration facilities arc so operated as to result in the complete destruction of PCB's. Since the various landfilling procedures, subsurface injection, etc., really only represent control techniques rather than destruction of IT.U'r., those means of disposal of PCH's ahoiilil ho avoided W at all possible. Itowvvc-r, it should he noted licit landfill dispuMil of small capacitors may he the HONS 039660 <*u \ > satisfactory mi .nr. oi disposal currently available. I'OM Nl IAI I HI ATMI Kl SYS i'l.Mj |0K TUI- HllMOVA). n> PtH's IHt'M S A M l< 1 P*'`- v ions 1 y indj cn t c <1, polychlorinated hi phvnyts :m' only slightly soluble in water. Therefore, the fitsl and most obvious weans of removing gross ifu.int i t i c i of PCH's from water would he through gravity separation. In some insinnics, this treatment unit mipht also serve to contain large volume spills of Pfll's and prevent overloading of subsequent treat went. facilities or direct discharge* to a receiving stream. The use of this type of treatment device has a 1 read) hern cited ly Monsanto. If pan i ml at c mntetjals contaminated with Pl.'H's nrc nr-soeinted with the wastewater, Midi a treatment unit might also remove these solids. The nvailnMc data on solubility of PCB1 s in water is somewhat contradictory. Il;t|ue, tj__ol. (J) performed studies wliiili imlit.ttcd the dpi i J i hr i um solubility of Arocior 1M<4 was approximately .r*f ppb. In comparing their results with the v.url. of 2it).o, who obtained solubilities in the range of <t^ to ppm, naipie, et_.jj.l- '4UPI!Cs11`<? that the high values obtained by /.itho might have been due to the presence of foreign mate i in Is in the "lush water" employed in Zitko'r. studies. These statements suggest the possibility that chemical treatment (i.c. pH adjustment or coagulant addition) might improve the sopiu:itim of PCH's from water. To my knowledge, this possibility has not been examined. Zltko's reMills might also indicate that the presence of other organic MUMS 039601 materials Imu'ii'.c'i 11*** solubility of phh's in water. In any n1.-', i t is obvious that gravity separation lev h i >tuvs , with nr wtthnni chemical additions, too Id not reduce the concenti it inn to a level less tli.m the solubility of I'CB's in water. H.imcI mi .1 r v t *v. of :ii I available literature and to the ln-fii ol rny l.now I edg< , tii.iiniont system;; fov the removal of ITU's f nm water (beyond gtoss srparat i tins in gruvlty cl a t i f i < a t j on devices! arc not iiirronlJy in operation. Therefore, indwstiie-. confronted with the removal of trace quant J l icr> of J'Clt's I roin water will have In resort to t he use of available tcoat ment tecbnoloity tin- jpp 1 i cab i I i ly of which i$ supported only by 1 al>o lately da t a . Adsorption. Activated carbon adsorption has been widely used in the past to treat wastewaters for the removal of organic material',. Hague, etjil presented data which indicated that Ann lot 12 f 'I could be adsorbed in various organic containing soils. More rceently Hager and llizzo^ presented data telalivc to the adsorption of Arotlur 1242 and Aroc.or 1254 on activated carbon. The data presented arc in the form of adsorption iso therms based cm t lie vetuoval of these Aroclors from pure water nt initial cone cm I rat inns of approximately .r>0 ports per billion. The result*; nhlainrd indicate that it. .should be tecbiiicnlly feasible to achieve ellhienl com en l i a t i mi *, at least as low as I pph imp I uy i ng atlivali-d iin'lmii adsorption. It should be itoled that da I a of till*. I ype an* ji<*t adequate for final design uf caihuu adatiptiun far ililirs tu treat waste waters containing ITU'.. Ilnwevei , these data verify l lie basic technical feasibility MQNS 039682 <'l mb treatment system. Situc the type n u<1 quantities of olb* i t on t .im i nan I * a. m>v. \ ,i ieJ with PriJ's in a given waste si team coo 1 l 1 i ir i i I i <' ;m* t I y t n f I urm. e l (sc <te * i gt\ of isol'on treat tm-nt sys I ene., p i 1 ot t *, I . a r e r ' to dov< I 'p |^i ~c idesign pj rame t cj> 1 n I ant r 11 should In: iiolid chat the data by llagei arid Kiir.o i 1 hi si I'filc lit* r j ii t c res t j ng point with regard to the removal of Pf'H's from wastewater. In preparing a standard sample for the adsorption isotherm test, concentrations of approximately 100 parts per In I lion were initially prepared. Subsequent fine media nitration resulted in a reduction of the J'Cll concentra tions to approximately the 50 parts per billion range. 1 ni < i i*s t i up I y, this residual I'CB level following filtration run esponds tpiiti: closely to the maximum solubility of Pl.'li's in viler (in pa r I t eu l a r Aror.lor J2S4) us reported by Hague, ct ill. However, the other tevtinie.nl point raised by this obser vation fi.e. the removal ol i'Cli's via fine media filtrntion) is tbai line media filtration might l*c employed following gravity c I ai i f i v a t ion and proceed i tig activated carbon adsorption as nnottu-v potential I'Clt removal step. H is noted that the maximum alltM.ibl' disch.'iige concentration for PCH's in the proposed el f 1 lie ii i discharge limitation is 280 parts per billion. Thcre- 'llio icporl by Hager ami Itir.ao goes Jnto some detail on the no'itiing of ad r-orp I i on i-.ollnrm tests amt t tie additional step-, SONS 039683 m'|M . Mil It. ,!* ve I nj> i ii j; il".i};ti ji.it a mot i' r s . 1hci report I s jtli.njir.l .1-. t. xli 11* j ( i\ iti-.l a d d i t i on a | il i sens s ion1, will not he Ijivu brie, One technical point not covered hy llapci and kl;m it the potential did unity in --- ' *' tod lailum wh m li has been employed (or tin* r rinov; 1 ol IT.H's from wastewater. 1-jts , destruction of Phil's requires temperatures in excess ol 2,011(1 I . which is hij'her than the normal temperature employed lei lire rcyt-nr r a t i on larhnn. The normal rep.cne r a 1 i on I rmpc rat m e tv .< | > 111 n in ,i 11' I y umn*' p. and should Ik- soffit ieul for vnlaltli 7.;il mu ol ITU's from the activated cnibuii, howevci, tin alter- hui ner to (rente so IT i e i en t J y hijjh tempe r t ur c s for the complete tie'll i uc l i on uT l*Cll * - mi^hl he required. In addition, the jienet lit ion ol Uhl. mifcht require special construction materials and, of i mu `.r, would re|nirr off gas sc i nhh inp, which is normally employed with carhop icjjcnci nl ion in any case. lix l vac I i on. I he analytical technique employed for the men mi rrment of TCP's requires the extraction of PC It's from water c'lnployiny hexane. extraction techniques have only been employed to n limilcd extent in tlie treatment ol wa s t ewa t e r s . However, this observation pic-cuts amither potential technique tin the iemov.il ol t i at e ipi.iii I it i r v of I'Cll's 1 loin was I ewa I e i s . Menib i .'me .'iiji.n .i i i mi, I'lie p i c v i ous I y clicd example of "fine media I iltr.it ion lor the reduction of I'CH levels in wjMewntets J:o Mip.p.e-. I *. llial any of the various iiiovd) i ane processes; currently employed Ini the 1 i eat incut r V wastewater mipht also he applicable to tin.' removal of I'Clt's from wastewater. Membrane processing atloally only results in concent rat i up, mat dials therefore MGNS 039664 ii I i m.i 1 r ill ;t I -l l ho umrnilnili's would Mill he rci|niiv.l I li'i i*| in , < ml ........ m. |i;i i ii t I on would Scorn to le n ler.s jh.miu.iI .'uni [ini nil i .11 I > mini- < |m if. i vo jimmies in tills instance. lllhei I M'ii Uiirrit I .'i Imi icjiios . Chemical oxidation and tin ir.c til Mil (.hi1 iiilive agent . to room sepn in t r ITU's from wai'T im};ht Ujitt'.int ;m t i'i) l i a 1 iMMtmrnl t ei Ii ll i ques . No data ill c available to spec i f i .l l y indicate t he applicability of cither process, biological treatment is no l applicable. Suintiiiiry. ll would appear that the most promising ( n-;i t me it t MMjurnt < for removing IMDI's from waiter would include gravity si| 'ration, possibly followed hy filirulion, and final temoval til iTIfvia activated carbon adsorption. I'CII concentrates oht.lined from tin- gravity separation could either he regenerated ] or destroyed via incineration. Pi nr media filtration, in this I case, would probably imply the use of dialumni eous coMh of some I similar material for the physical filtration of I'Clt's from the / wale). Spent d i a t omaccour. earth would havo to be incinerated / to insute that the environment did not become contaminated with this material. The final treatment step would be activated carbon adsuipiion. If in-plant control measures etc. had reduced tIn* volume of water at a given installation to a aufJ it irmly low level, >t is emu livable that the most, econom ical system would be to incinerate the exhausted carbon rather than aMewpl regeneration. If larger volumes of water were beiiig limited ami therefore larger quantities of carbon exhausted, regeneration of the e.uhon might result in the lowest operating HONS 039605 *<> 1, I'.t gen1'> t M<n ii.nld be a < i (ini) i) i *. hr tl with on 'III- icgeitei a l i"ii (a< i I i i i< , * ompj > ni}* ii `.peni carliun transport sy; i <*m, regem- i a i i on fuut.ne (citlu.i multiple hearth or rotary kiln) with t ho spcfi.il npptii t enant os previously indicated, nmi u legendytod caihon transport system. Alternatively, off site rege.irrn t / on .services arc offered hy the (\i I gon f!oi pot a t t on. It shoutd he not oil that although the basic technology for t tie systems eileil above are available, laboratory anil pilot tests wonUt he required for csuli specific installation in Older to develop exact design pat nine t vts . awMin rsjv: costs op .iMrbmhNTini; controi. and tki;a~imj;nt phoghams 1 n-J'l ant _(`nnt r oj_ MeMir_es . The previously cited in-plant conttol measures could he implemented by us simple a technique* ns seal! lip. existing floor drains in certain operations where I'Clt's are employed. On the other hand, extensive revisions of entiie sewer systems might he required at other installations. Process modifications to permit substitution of alternative materials ior Phil's or to eliminate the use of water in certain opev.it ions, might require extensive revisions of equipment. Or, ut the opposite extreme, measures of this type might be imple mented immediately hy simply removing Phil's and substituting on a one to one basis an alternate material. The point being made here i I ha I the typos and extent o( revisions required me so variable that mi reas'onahIe grnrval i::;it Ion of the costs involve*) tan be made. MONS 039686 <-'* 1<M III* di-.ptis.il of snap JM: || s win, of course-, ho highl) v :m i a Ij I o <mi the lontrol measures employed to |wivt hi at intent a) spill-- ;imi losses of I'CH's. I no i fi r- i ,i t i >,u ; nM i o|ioi t nl 1 y It in < oinp i i sl.r.l lor J.o.t per gallon hy Mnns.inhi n it., plant in `iaup.rt, IIImh'i., This cost ts based on ciim-imci ilo l ivory of pm o liquid IMlh's in niMomcr imnnl emit it ino i : . line contract waste disposal fill'*, Hollins latv i ronmen t ii I Serviics, Ino., tpio'.rs n pi-ice of $.1)7 per pal Ion for Ul:.S pickup ami dis jMi'.al of PCH'j. at its l.ognn Township, New Jersey plant. enM inn vary depending on transport distances. This Ti't in i nn I Wast owat im 11 <';M_metit_. The costs involved in the terminal treatment of wastewaters will also he dependent on the success of in-plant control measures in redneinp the volume of contaminated waters. Therefore, perhaps the best approach to summaririup potential costs for wastewater treatment would he to piiscni i.inpi-s of unit costs per thousand gallons of waste water treated in the proposed treatment scheme. Anticipated taupe:, of treatment costs lor gravity clarification, d i at omaccmis earth filtration, and activated carbon adsorption nrc presented in Appendi* A. The following comments are offered regarding the use of the listed treatment costs; 1. Cited value'; for gravity clarification represent only those costs directly associated with that specific unit. Additional coi.ts would he associated with inlet and on i | e | p i p i tip. and the disposal of any IM'K's actually HONS 039687 toilet '<<1 ii. iln unit. I ho lo.ifii i t title of . oM' Im it I i i fit > t < tl i :| i n I v i ;i i ik i m i a ( i on have hca u |> t e v > on *. | v p i c '.cn 11 tl. Iln- to'.l Ini <11 a l oii.u emis c-.i > t h nitration is |n nu n pally la:..l ..i, i In nominal usape rale of diatom.u ow*a rtli for tlio I i 1 11 a t j on of water. Since 11* I ^ piotcv has not attoally hern evaluated for the removal ol I'hU's, \ an sue lira t e prediction ol- Tlie Dli use rate eaiinci he made. In aildiiimt, this estimate would not imliubthe tost for ultimate disposal ol the contaminated dial omaeemis earth. t. J lie iiiii|;es ol lost'! for Activated carbon ail sorp I i on are those reported l*y Map,it and Uizr.o. The actual costs fo. this type of system will, of morse, vary with the volume of waste-water to he treated, and the actual (-1 fluent I'Clt concent ration desired. 4. Since proper in-plant control will minimtrr the volume of wastewater to lie treated, most of the system-, rcUiiirinj; ieiiiiiu.il treatment for the removal oT PC It's will prolmhly he relatively small on a volume flow hosis. Thevvtore , the cost per thousand pillions ot wastevatei ttealed will probably In- tow.nd tin- Inph side ol the r.inpes c i i ed . MONS 039688 I * l: 'I'H "III- fill lie I Iiiji l mu ri I .it j mi of IITcctive lj-ilinii ('-in ) '!. I -...... . ` ' *' ............. lb*- uuii,mI (Miij'riA'.inn 1 cvi'Hl:. in l hr imp 1 rmrnl a1 i i m u{ .1 v.i f i i in in a/.enu it! |iiMi:r;jm is ;i\ follows: ) ) 1 in|i 1 omen ( ;i t mmi u| in plant control men sure s i o c I i im n;i t < ill] iHiiii* r . ;n y materials losses and to reduce t In* Vo 1 nine of w.i s t own in', ') Evaluation of was I owa t cr s r rma I n J nj; following tin- imple mentation of in plant control measures, and the pri (unniiiu'r of in'll-!'.wary laboratory inn) pilot studio-. to develop *lesi|',M pa ramc t or s for terminal treatment systems, J) Ih-sjpii t i(i|iiireil treatment facilities, 4) Const nn t ion ol lioatnionl facilities, 5<) Start up of t.re a t men t facilities. I'lnr.i' elapsed time estimates for the completion of the indi cated steps are cliflieull to prepare for a p.rneriili ml cflso. Ilowev i , with the possible exception of those operation!; in which nllciualc matcrr.its can lie substituted oil a one to one basis for ITI.'s, it seems ipute improhah 1 e that implementation of (he re ipnied programs could lie completed within the stipulated one year Icillowinp the adoption of the proposed 1`Clt discharge limitations. In the case of the1 sole domestic producer of PCB's, it appeair. that the i i commended ill-plant control mcasuics have all rely licni inst iluted. Therefore, a reason ait 1 c projection of tin- minimum time ici|iiut.I lor installation of terminal treatnull I Woo l cl inc I mb app iha mii.i I e | y (i month', for pilot studies, t Bunt h. |oi (.it iliiir. des i j* u, and 1mcuitlr. for i mist im t nm M0N5 039689 .ii.I M up. 4-r+tf7TnrTrrTnTr 110 then lx.* M'V --iLl.jMom hs, l.orr i dr i i nj; the ruricnl sltoi i ;i c of m.i.i. b.rii v mi'.l i in I iim iim l < i i .11 s il does hot nfnn that cvi 11 with esin-wr 1'Hnii1. tlii*. -lapsed lime could lie reduced in mucli I (1W1 1 t li.in I K Kioo t lr . With r l lo m.i no f.n l o rr r s uf fii|i;n j lors and linns- foninTs flop I oy i mc, J'lih's, ii shoutd be not oil that tin1 required in j Unit 1 mil ml wsiMirrs have been well document cel 1y tin* r r | o 1 t pn'|>,iml 1* ) 1 lie National I! 1 re t 1 i in 1 M.mii f .11 111 rot \ Associ ate n. The e a t c 111 of imp I rmi'ii l a t i on of these recommendations hy the wano I ac l lire rs is unknown. if siu.li measures have n.it alif nly bee n iitiji I cinent e J Jt is quite probable that an add i t iomtl 1 ? t>> 1# months -could be required for ; total of M> 10 42 months foi the start-up of terminal t feat won l facilities if required. II in plant control measures lire already in force, tlir minimum time requi rement would again appear to be in the range uf 1 to 24 imuiihs, Ih essence, it is believed that Hie proposed one ycaj time l Hit i l n t icm ( or implement at ion of. .mnni-tinl mntrol programs i s t no short to he realistic;. I it addition, it is believed 1h.1i il such time 1 i m i t a t i on:; wnc s 11 i ngrnt J y enforced, improperly designed and constructed f.iiiliins could result which would in turn orate wore long term d i f f iui 11 i es in achieving the desired control on the d i seha rp. f f Will's. KQNS 039690 'l I . I I I out o-, : ( J ) I'm I Vi 11 I ' [ i n. 11 i 11 I' > jilu'ii v I (IT It I . A jDr'ifiil 'it inti In t Ii" l.llluont M and V. 11 * t "ini ity lnl'nini:it kiii A-Ut .1*1 y liiMiillri , IIA, liy Moir.iit'I (i I mill ; I i i ;i ) l.lirm i t a I ^ ln:n|Mii)' Nih < rtu i IVM. () " I' 111 >' i I I " i i m . 11 < i! I; i j lir n > ) aiul I'he lin iroiiwi'iil", l>y t ho Int iihIi |u r I mi ii | i i l.r.l. Inn r on 1`t'Hs, Wa'.li t Mgl on , (I , C, May, . ' (M l*i vvjnr-.tMl Ami'iiian Matottal Standard tiu i do 1 i nr . for Man*l I i nj`. ami M i .[nr. 11 n i Cap ii j t o r an<l I rani (onnc t - t,i ,nh AsJi.'i rr I > t'ini I a i n i ny l`o I yc Ii! n t i na t ml II i phony I liy National V; 11' I i i i. a I M i no I at t n ro r' Art am i a 1 i on , limury /?>, (1J IVi I..... I, I'.)., "f h I oi i na t oilH i |>ltt*n)'J (!aiar j lor>. A Survoy n I I*i mini t i on I a lin i itno" , 1; I t t't i 11' a J II ov I ow , Oi t oho r 1H , fisr*. ........ ... ...... ... (S) llai'.uc, K. . Ni Iniii'iM i ny, I), W. and I'rootl, V. I!., laivjron inoii I a I .'it i o IK i alol l ot linn I o;;y , ft :) Jff {\VH) . " ~ ......... (At Mac.'T, M, (I, and Hit.zn, .1. I ., "Horoov.il of Toric Orivmirs f ii n Iv'a i o wa t oi to1 All .oi)it i tin With Ciranular Atlivaio.l farl'oii. Hn|.iili I i.lwil, \ iTior.ont.it ion to an lil'A I it lm<> I og v Trans ft i' 'ii tr.imi on Tioatinonl of Toxir (`horn i ca J;;, Atlanta, Ccoiyi;., iVyvil I'.', 1't'M . MANS 039691 Am Nil I x A All 1 if 111. I ml (u`-1 U ;i njjr S l or h.H ('mi t .im i n:i i >d l\';is | rw:i l i: y Tintlm rt I i: 1.11 i I i i. ,i 1 ion ' ( w/o i In-in 11 ;i | .nlil i | i on ) pi .i i nm m nor. I.,m Mi ^ ^ l i I I i .i I i on Ai I i v.i l ml ('m ) Ixj u AiImh |.t inn On vile Kopmi t ;t I i on III I' . i I < lie j-< to i ,i t ion Toth Anno,11 Co*, t , < / MWll C;, | . (1 ^ 0.0J 0.04 0. j o o. i r. 2.OS 1. )!. II. no (!l 1 in In. Imli: amiu-il capital (HI yr. at i0) ami M l 0 cosl'i .ilirflml primarily ly rconnmy of stole l.in*il nil flow mli PI A:.'...... ) .1) ||. PI /I Mini KIM1, I u l '-pen l hi . ] ons ; lint not include disposal (D I.t linliiiji \mpl liij'li I'.'ilnv, raiij;'' $ 2. 0 .p>. Oil/) 000 p.nllmis. ' ' *M( l Inn) of anniM I I i , inr, cap i l a I t or, t j. up Known. HUNS 039692 MUNS 0 3 9 6 9 3 HONS 039694 fUMUVAt. Ml U)M( >!' I 10)11 WAVJIWAMH 15Y Al*',(ii:l i in; mm ' 'mu All AmVAIlO i Affirm h U. G. Jldfjr.T nd J. I.. R1/20 CaIomii Corporation {A Subsidiary ;l Merck R lo., Inc.) PIMl'NlNi: Mol for I'uM Itallnn Tlilr. |0|>or has l<,,on |HT|>.ii'Mi for proo-ritat ion Id an LnviM.hMi-Ml.il I * Ai*iu.y Irclo.ulo'jy Transfir Session on Irratiucnl <*l I ox 1 c. Uc *n< Atlanta, Georgia, April ID, 197^. HONS 039695 swnM,sr I. A rmitl) ( oii'|*l. 'led .. 1'r ,)t li.u study (n-li < rtth.it most of the I PA prfijm ,i rl dissolv'd * *>-.n if teste rhtmK.ils (.an ho moon'd finm w.itt:*- hj Uvotrd {Hcn/idine was not tested). ?. D1 ho r i.lniuli .11y siiiill.n {.iruin.it It, non -polar, Mt|h mnleitilar wcii|ht) (uni.nnlit.iH 1, m h .it f)MlA di-ftru'd carcinogens and the themttalr under oxiiiiiin.it ion hy the f I'A tor 1 nc:fusion on lh<? lnH( iliernicals II *.t are also predicted to tin adsnrbjble from wastewater hy activated i .n lion. 3. full-scale granular activated carbon installations arc currently i >-viny tonic or biological ly refractive contaminants from wastewater, .til the exhausted carkm is being reactivated for reuse. HONS 039696 WrtMIKMIl' ! ;' /1:*| :i l';> 1|jv/c OKr.A'ilC f.l'l MJ( Al . ......itit'uv/vi i.iiii a-;mv`.;u uriou 1 l-.uU-y.: n*M fl|, t !** C.r5> I ri.i'-., ,, H.n.ny fravi'ling tin Oll|li SonMi'n.l A,i/' r .mu- up-nt .1 '/ill.'nr ' I HI . un marli J 'If.Milon- /<>, y ri,in iri| j.i.i n n i <>< wiv . I'l'lny a world I. v < lir, (tn> n I v. l<aui y was nut. Surpc i* **'t l>v j<lYiaviy , ' ho did woodri about the number nine. Mn.illy, Uim hi. iinii.sil.' riot tin* hr.I uf him, he mustered enough roiiriUjc to o* ! unc ut Hu* tribesmen the purpose of nine wive*.. "It Is very sh'iple," replied the n;in. "Our nearest clean water supply it* nine wtWs away, .sod U requires one person a whole day to walk the nice lidli ways. It also takes nine trips to secure enough water lo satisfy the munis of a family for one clay. Since w.iter-rarryiny duties are performed hy our women, it becomes a practical nutter to have nine w t >,, ." Ini ho t Inn Ihtooyh the aye s nun It.,;, shown th.il. In* will adapt his social habits to the quest for clean wafr. Civilizations such as lyyptians, Romans, Oriels, i.mc! yes, even our early mloniMs, look rare lo protect and cleanse wai'i supplies. And many nI line peoples used churc.ool to purify l,Mh walM aini ninli< i,* . AI tlimi'il. 1 hv ,i-l a i, p l i'll inn.e'.s w.s I uown in one. lent limes, il was not f * .''ll, c.iilijiy ll.i i/i |..i|.ii in use powdi > < d t.irbnn on a grand Stall' for Dio ik'iiinv il of l.r.li-. and mli r-(.msiny roust fluents from Uriidiry Wain, llmi, dniimj ilorld l/u I, powder eel carbon was 11 icel in qa-. masks to pioti'tt, Ironp-. ........ l"'i< v.ipurs usml In c.liemiial warfare. As pov.il'r, hm.V'.'T, fho lailaai was mil (it ail.it a) P.-caiise the pi i.'dnt 1 was dusly. So granular rat ion*, won- deviinp'd. HONS 039697 11*1 liMimi VN > i Wl ',<.u 11, adsorption found application-. in <an|-ir <|| tnli: I:.:: Ion, '.nlvenl n-uv'iy, and liquid and yds purl fit.) linn. t.itc, the |>lli<n w'-. sb..n to ) Iri.lMiicdUy ztmtul and eu>in""li > lly itti'.ufiv* im the i*'n*v;i 1 of irfraitory .mil toxic dissolved orq.inus (mm VM'.li '.tnMI'l'. . 4 Adsni pi Ini. 'y.t'-n.'. I.ren proven lo lit* outre efficient dm- In their ability to h.'iidlr Uxii ,nch .in in5.ecti1.ldes, hnrM*. ides, other tillin' in.jlril li.vdieciii <ind phenol. Scientist, in many cnimtiles including Kussla ,* '' l.wit/eiiiiMil'' end the United St j 11". / ayier on this point, and tlmir work is tiled In the literature. An cxonplo of the use of tin adsorption system to correct a health ki/.iul was (> p'i'lem f d in Uhlo In 1971 when a 5-ocic Mole pork late was riel ihciMlely poisoned *.<1lh l.P. pounds of rmJrin0. To eliminate the hazard {. l.y the lal;r, hath to human and aquatic life, Dm entire body of w. '.t 1 as pumped ilnouyh an adsorher contniuiny yramilar carbon. Analyses .howl'd thr i.onttViin ited v.-.itn contained up to 10 ppb tndrin, while the taibii. tie.iUd t*l fluent shewed the endrin < (intent to b' below deteitablc liiiil'.. 11:? spent e.nbon wn< thermally reactivated, ami the emir in doM rnyed. In ot'i'llur i . ., .i railway '.pill of Pb.ODO gallons of carbolic. acid thrivlem d H.r <. j;i j**i . ft.i.iin, at Hvutert tatUm was employed to ri.nov" i.l.e t< 1'i`on., I fi,.i Hu ii.u.ilf enlriimj a feeder creek, thereby pro- lectimi drieklni| v.<i- i suppl dnuivliu .'.11. And, during another ouirrerney caused hy .mi .i' i.ltn*l '.pill r.f an yIoni t r 11c In Ohio, carbon was employed In .1 pnloble wiir-r (leat-neni pfanl lo prevent the puss f ht 1 i ty of I hr ihmi Ual rntc-i Iny lie dr in' livj supply. HUNS 039698 3 AUhuiuih the.'? > 1 .-r, IMuMr.it>* th* utility of carbon adsni pt ion in specific lr t.inu*'., tl"' (inr-.t Inn'. pysrd today are: i/liirh toxic orianW clmi.il.als qiv* if, ticmdla t r < c<n( f n 7 Wliyf Anil < ,m granular activated < .ii lmi. m n.nvc 1 h`" f icm ijnr waste \lrr .uns? Ihi* M'lli.'i.d t/it'i- I'" I In* *mii (n(itri)l Art rc*r|'i I f' ; that I PA publish * ll'.t nl In-i. poMnl il* .n..l fM.'lill-.li flllimnt. t aml.inls for such I n I In taut. I ho Statute '.;i 1.11 i (. 1 1 > |iiwi'h:s lli.it tho Mul'd.ird can I"* .in absolute pro hibition i-l *1 i I lif ll'.t c .>i J.r added to whenever the H'A fin-lv. other |>o t lul.imt*. t Im t 1'ifol. the statulory criteria of "toxic pollutants." Thus far, the fPA has proposed effluent guidelines for the following toxic, pollutants: iildrin, dieldrln, be'i/Uli'ic .in>l it', suits, cadmium and all cadmium c nmpoumls, cyanide and iill cyjnldp oinpu.md:,, Ill'll, DDL and DDT, cndrln, mercury and .ill mercury outpour'd:., polychlot Inuled biphenyls and toxaphcnc. With I he exception ol mercury, cadmium add cyanide, these cbrinitals art orgui.ii. in huli.rv and have cyclic el.r m. lures (figure I). Additional toxic pollutant list:, published g in tho fuhii'' M.iy Include those* shown In figure ?. In addition to the sr- lists, the administrators of the Occupatiouol and !..ifoty lira l th Act. (O'.HA) have listed M compounds as carriuo-jenlc to humans or animals (ladle These compounds also have cyclic structures and are simtl.sr to those appearing on the TPA list (figure 3). According t.u Inna West, of the California State Department of Health, the l"ii'j i .iiiqe or indhril el frets tint toxic organic chemicals can have on the ..............firmi have been Most dlslm blng. The most, widely used pesticides, the Mi1rln.:l"l hy.lroc.M hnn., are emu nitrated by living mailer in the ,"|uit1c en vironment. An Incn as fug buildup ol the pesticide may occur In each link of the food chain. However, tin? aunuitl.'. tolrruled befnrr noticeable ellects occur vary will. Mm piri1<ul-.i ai.lm.il sper les and the pesticide. Some spci les con Initiate l.it'pi .nmi'inl', l.'il, siuuier or later, they an* affected by ih-f rnasrd fertility ml ly dMth,^ HONS 03^699 4 Although inc'.V at tent inn to Mils type of buildup 1'. foiuud on Imwt (it of An If.a l1. muU as slH'llff.h and iiUnT murine life, it is a fail th.it I1'*; ,t:i J its r',l.iliii1aic have been found in all samples of human tut ic.li-.) for !... flK-ml- .-I . M, l-M . ). 1 ** Mm li rcMMi'li !: i-i it.-| -onl i led to determine llir ((*.'t of t<ui< oiganu buiM r II! II.' ha l-.'v. I. -< v . , till' rompMs Hillin' of f.lii: Mr k (.ill u-Jviiiht I'dly riiiuii'- I'iiii,- si if. I.i lep rlc-.ir ml f om 1 o S ions. (In I hr otmr hand, WO (Jo knew that fiiy of lla'se I'Jirnnr <i Iattack tfio (I'lilml n< vom system .tori liver when talrn in large amount',.And, or, little? as 0.04 ounces (i'O mg/kg) Of .t rlirnni(.(t 1 such <is rMclJi In run lie considered a largo amount when we trike Into Accotml that this (fuse c.iji kill .i 170-pound nun,''* lo cl li'ilnalr the threat of Uixic. organic chemicals as u potent lei heal lli h.i.Mtd tlvn, i.r most t.il.o prrr.ml lonary me.vnnrs to Im p them under conl-'-l. And, a*, 111*1,1 loft'd previously, the use* of granular carbon * tn help to -if I' i rvI Ini l go j 1. Adsi" : ion Iroll.' iMi Mud/ The technlr.il literature Includes numerous laboratory studies regarding Hie vi.blliiy of adsorption lor removal of many of the CPA proposed toxic r be. ii( <: I s from wastewater-- plus many other potential contaminants used In con -ice for pesticides and it.;u1<. chemical Intermediates applications, in* a i'M'arsbc'r'; h.iv.< c-.ainim.d a variety of types of activated carbon under mans .ilf' < nn-l i t ions . 1 It*- iisults aie invariably the same. Ihesr rompbonds an 1. .Mvcl fM'i. /a11'*' vi 1 ifiiilivily by adsorptiun in the presence of other organic 1. lU'iittc .1Is. Mi is is not snipHsing as cat Imn adsorption Is favor'd by higti-'t i.mli'Milat wight, non polarity ao<f limited -.n lul* i 1 i ty of the cunt... . nants , most of which hu> .11 1 i\t ii \ tlie proposed t"xii ( hetai f a 1 s possess. MONS 039700 5 A I <11' r o I or y I std b.-i >. *. 1 >nly was ri'iinlly (oroplHed tu r-v.llu.Hr tin- remnvi) f if dry.inl' ( .i I . im Hi' M-fl list of tn/lr. Jmlhil.mls try a coiri'MM'(. t,i 1 ijr.tde of rjrann1.il- a: liv.rtrri i.flr(.. n .yi'l.ii |m, |r,ir| considerable iim- in the Japan ami l.ufi-i't- In m.inrruu', munUij-.il ami Industrial wastewater treatment systems, the laboratory i I medui co s*. nl-rrl adsorpt Ion isoihefiu techniques d* s> ihecl In tin- 11 ti.-rnt.iM i: an.I s;"-i. i' ir a 11 y ill Unrated in Addendum 1 ami Addendum P. An.i- lyliial I., liirj for the tom e-lf.i t ion of cont.nnln.mts followed fPA i < ninucnded |iro* i'u. ki ',. M A laboratory .id.m pi inn isotVtm testing procedure Is a roll at. 1c lc<h* nii|ut' to a v ci lain f e.ij 11.11 \ f y ul adsorption treatment. This testing procedure Sjn i.i f lt.il ly Ind U.ites; 1. The effluent levels of contaminant concentration obtainable by adsorption treatment. 2. flic weight of contaminant Ural will be odsorbod by tiie adsorbent at the c.ontaniniint concentrations studies. On tin* other hand, the laboratory test is not used to determine the nm-ssary cniitdit time ior p-.molar carbon beds to effect the desired reduc tion Thi-. dr'IeniiiiMtinn Is usually performed lit small pilot carbon beds under dyi ii' l.y.': -ullc flow r. nr.rl ii ions -- ol so, a wcl 1 -oslahl i shed prttrcdure reported in 11." 111n .i nu i . f.ilirc Ibn -,'1:1 i lily in wain nl tin- proposed tuxic i hrmlt.il \ is limit* i'il,'`,,*,` II Is r.i |||< a) in prepare the standard isotherm test sample'.'by filtrafinn tltrnmjii n fine (iir.r tu remove the insoluble fraction (Addendum 1 ami ?). Oat on rrm.va' uf 111'. Pill, IWJl , emlrin, al.b in, dieldrln, Pfl'.'s (Arochlor J71P and 1PM), and t ..phene Is shown In sunmaiy form In riuures A, 5, C and 7. Pen. Wine is not shown i.-.an.i- lls Inclusion on tin' flOllA list of tun inmjens (itevented its Inclusion in this study. MONS 039701 0 In e*n:b inst.'ncr, the fine f I1 li .11 Inn s Lt*|> ahead of adsorption miI Martially 'c'Uvt-il th" fun .'"Inlldi of (nnttiiMiunl'j from the Initial 100 [>pli levels. In the tusls <-n tlie Wit mixtures (figure 6), the samples iinlii alnl .1 high degree m( in-.o luM 11! y, .m<J thus filtration alone refiner** tin- inilfal 1 uni nit ml. Ifti'* to levels il Oy the TPA guiitel inr*.. Othei Isinrur** of tin; I'f li family may Or )e' . insolub I e, and adsorption ii|>pears to ef fee t f </ e ly reduce the soluble huCt-ion In very low c encmt 1 linns . Many of the isoth'-n<i results plotted In figures 4-7 do not reach thp Iowt effluent limits prop.'iscd In the effluent guidelines because of diffi- culllcS In testing trchnli|rs associated with these very low concentrations. However, Isotherm do la cn he reason.ibly extrapolated beyond the data provided by Me analytic.il techni'iurr. 15a sod on the data shown in f igures 4-G, expert- en> with (jt.nnjliir carbon systems Indicates that the carbon adsorption pro* cess can Ik* designed to meet treatment objectives proposed by the [PA. Isotherm to:.I data for toxaphrnc is not entirely conclusive, and the test:, should be repeated to eliminate interferences and to assure the use of Optimum adsorption conditions. Tuxaphenc is reported by Baruit to be ddsorbablc on .titivated cart on. * lhe dah. sliovii in figures <1-7 and in Addendum 1 ami ? suggest the following tutu lusu.ns of Mils adsorption Isolhotm study: 1. Ad'.orpl inn on .unvoted r.irhnn is an effective treatment pmcev. Co wi proposed I I'A effluent objective*, lor toxic orij.iolc 11 *.111 . Wright pickcp im I be vut'linr, contaminants at the very low 1 <im* Mil 1 I Imi'. Iisiid varied between (J.i- and 10'/' by weight of 1:.it bon. 3, fine im'<I i ' lilh.llnn removes substanl lal amounts of insoluble rn:n|<oii.-n's in emo tc ial-grade rhemicals found on Hie ji.'Of.'ii*.- ! fo ie < Im-in'tc.il', list. An.ilylic-I testing of the lastewatet will require exacting ptCM 1 dut end I hiti'im *. In assure mc.inlnglul trsults on M* i.<trb.'.n*li * .11 v/.v.f. .t.il.er. HONS 039702 7 Hu' r suit . nf till*, isullunit Kly are ron-.Utont with a hri/oif-ifj.rrin I I Imm mi \truly "(< it 1 y ( on-pl '' d mi \*"p]"r. nJ iiidusttlal rf I in which ("'ii ten ; i I" < I *. 1.1 i. fur K' <.| |hc wasUw.1. i s testr-!.17 l.:|l ' i *i I r tV'.jjn ", Hu' iiil'.iM pi 11 n IvtK'tr study prey iwisly dnscr i I rcJ piovMr', only a un-'-py vtcw of .xlv.rpi mu': p..Initial fin `removing toxic, oi`|.inlc chemicals frc. w.<*.l* Mm.nr.. lUn.uvti, inmitous companies have proceeded for beyond an isotherm tout procedure to the Inslallol ton of full-scale systems. Some have been In operat Ion for <j number l yoais, while others have moot- recently been put into service. , Inch system i:. comprised of three basic function.il components: 1. lho adsorption treatment of the wdstewatcr 2. 1 he carbon reactivation equipment ?. the c;.rl;o ./..utM tinii.\puit arrangement Adwot U*u in afinynt Wnt.t nwntrr The mlr.orUer'. hold the qiiinulor activated carbon beds through which thr waste.: 'tc*r flow'.. They win be designed for pressure or gravity flow to iichltvo llii- desired iomI.'iL tin" "I the water with the carbon. Suspended solids and spate consider.il'nirf. also must. be considered In the adsorber cont Ignratlon. I low r.iti ". i.`.u. 1 !y Ull under 10 gjni per square foot of carbon bed surface aiea. Cunlecf. times tm Indusit ,tI w.itto.alcr mixtures usually arc in excess of GO minnli s, which is about twic.** the time employed for purification of domestic sewage. WfiMi MeipeurU'd solids arc* present, they will be filtered out on t.h- mi bon be -I lliis iIim I pnrpfi'.e pi carbon bed1, can be usefully i.nplnv'rrl Inii'i a', t ! odvirl i , an' d<slr|nud to .He 0'nnodatr period it hack- Wa'.lcluq .mi i eib < Iran In-j pnui i'bn us, mii Ii a*, air scour and/or surface wash. A w 1 l-i|n',|i|Ui 'l tcai-T <11 i i Ini 11 on oi undoidrain will insure ei"o.1 bock*. ilili'`, |n i Imni.ii.r r\ ,i'. wi'll an vmi ili.'.t ribot ton nf the water. Well HONS 039703 8 established filtration di-'.tipi prar. I fi r's *n In* effectively employed fn f.wl.,,r> bed design systems, Kri*p In intnd, however, that the carbon beds imisl li periodically M.uuved via woter '.lurry .Hid obstructions to the flow of carbon Iren lbe adsorber should be avoided In adsorber design. Carbon beds are noiiwDly in r<.ess of 10 feet deep and usually fell Into one ol lour basic conf km ,iU"o\: 1. Mnvlll'.f beds 2. Ibnls In series " 3. Reds In parallel 4. Ixpanded bods The type of configuration selected depends on a number of variables -- prim lp*1 among them arc -- total water ftow and suspended solids and degree of contaminant i eduction desired. These and other factors have been discussed In other papers on this subject. React tv,itjon of Die Hr,muter Carbon Ihcm.D oxidation is employed to reactivate the exhausted carbon for iimisc. I.Uhor multiple hearth furnaces or rotary kilns arc employed for reactivation of the exhausted carbon. The size of the thermal reactivation equipment Is based on tin <.xbon er.houstlon rate* i.e., pounds of carbon (Kh.ur.li'd pot thousand u( wriM.ewiilei treated, and the weight of contaminant on the r.iihon. I /.>.% capacity Is designed Into Die thermal reactivation unit to allow for v-ilames to carbon use rate due to changes In the wastewater flew and OHj.ink loading. The exhausted granular activated carbon Is heated to ICOO-IOCOT to effd ' volatilization and oxidation of the dissolved organic contaminants. 0>yg . In the furnace Is normally controlled at less than II to effect selec tive -.Idatton of coni ami n;inis over activated carbon. A !I loss of ad Ivated carb'i' )>r reactivation r.yrle is an ar.ceptiihle bench marl, upon which granular HONS 039704 9 tail'-n ystri' econo iit.s ic.ty be last'd. In addition, tin? rcar.tlvat li n t-guipment iJti.M It:'. IimIi' an n f {ci burner inl/or a 1 * scrubber to reduce the possibility oi at i ;r.i lint Inn. f;r,niil;*r < at t>< r* l. 11 .'* purled between the adsorbers and the i e.icl Ivat tun i'|ul| wot l.y Wei l rr , I im ' V.u Imj s pumping designs <an be employed im ludiini tvnlrl fin.i-j I and d 1-i phi^iqci f as well as movement using either hydraulic cm pnrui.Mtli pressure. The transport, piping should Include flush ports and wide radius bends. About. one In three pounds ol carbon per cjallon of water arc used, dopending upon distance and elovotlon considerations. Material*, of Construction Special cons(deration should be given to the selection of material* of construction used In the adsorption system from two standpoints: 1, CalVtinjc Corrosions -- any tendency toward galvanic corrosion due to loiter characteristics, such as conductivity and pH, will be enhanced In granular carbon beds. Tanks or adsorbers holding yianular carbon tinder water made from mild steel should be lined or constructed of cement or reinforced synthetic roslns/pl.utks. Corbon/water slury piping, which experiences only periodic exposure, I?, usually nrompted from any special corrosion considerations. y, Im'.lrn per Imlli upl.u r.inntl of the (ut>un beds con cause lining i.itluu"., H exit ports. In carbon tents and adsorbers. Spec la I grades of lulnlcss steel arc usually employed for such wr>ir point s. MONS 039705 10 fuit-MV'i |.. iwiirjRiA! Ji!AiJATjo;ii Tahirs J and 4 sw.'-imM.w data from industrial granular activated carlsystem:. purify Iihj wastewater that is'loxlc or biologically ref* ,n t ivc. Table 3 Include-'., those Instill 1ittons which Include on-site thermal tcactivatie, while table 4 summ..r1.'e*. data from Installations when* the (dihon is ported to central reatt1v.ilIon facilities. The data Is, of necessity, no! .iWaHcl because roost Industrial dischargers classify such Information as confidential. The flow rates shown In Tables 3 and 4 vary considerably because of the point of application at each plant. In some eases, the total plant effluent Is bring treated. In others, only specific waste streams arc being treated by adsorption. Tin- latter point of application normally Is beneficial from a total cost viewpoint, as there is usually less contaminated water (smaller treatment system) and higher contaminant concentrations (greater use of the ..arbon before reactivation). Comparison of Table 3 and Table 4 on total costs Indicates similar costs per 1000 gallons regardless of the carbon reactivation system betnq on sttc or reactivation being performed on a service basis. While the total amiu.il costs appear to be similar, there would be appreciably less initial investment fll each treatment site and less space requirements If the rcactl* valimi system can be obviated by a reactivation service. Total annual costs shown in Tabic 3 rongc from $1 to $20 per 1000 gallons. Similarly, total costs In Tabic 4 range from $1.15 to $11 per 1000 gollons. These ranges are cTearTy in excess of costs normally associated with domestic sewage or biodegradable Industrial wastewater treatment. Ibis can be attributed not only tu the type and severity of the contaminant problems being handled MQNS 039706 ii i.irlton, hut also Uic to tin* (iLt that, there are no additional costs associated \/i th granular carhon treatment. Biological treatment costs estimates often reflect only the wastewater treatment components while neylcit iny the associated sludge treatment, handling and disposal. MONS 039707 f oiif l UMON Adsorpl ion by curbon Is an effective method to reduce (lA prope I loxlr i to t TA proposed discharge nuldelIncs. A number Of fn!- scalo <iami1.ir cArbott installations have demonstrated rftlliiblc and oconr'li tvc.ilin-n 1 of wastewaters containing toxic or biological 1y refr.uiivc contominanLs. Granular carbon treatment lias been employed on total plant effluents as well as specific In-pijnt waste streams. Granular carbon reactivation tan be performed economically at the treatment site or central reactivation facilities on a service basis. MQNS 039708 ACK:invn.iDCHHit We gratefully <x knowledge the contributions by the following Calgon staff in regard to the adsorption 1 sothcnn tests: R. J, JuU, .). KtroilnsM and J. S. Belllssimo -- Technical Services D. 0. Bassett- and C. A. Kfeda -- Analytical Services and t. M. Trod fth -- Carbon Research MONS 039709 in rinn;r.ir, 1. jfievdmil (>, M, A., dirr.lioiibi, p. v., Taran, P, N., Kas ` Vanehus, ft. lovruNiimi, 7h. H. , ^ov.ilcnl , G. I., "Removal ol Mcxachloran frimi Nil tut a I Waters," Vmlopod-inlovk.i Ochistkn lYom. Dtokov, 1972, No. 9, 94-102. 2. Sh*/rhenVo, M. A., Marchenko, 1\ V., Taran, *P. N., Kravcts, l. V., "Removal ol 1 ii,*/im.'-'.n tes lletbicldes from Natural Waters," Vodopod-jnl.ovka (lilii.Uo Prom, Stukov, 1972, 10J-I12. 3. Mocrycll, I'.., "Removal of Pesticides from Drinking Water," Gas, Wasr.er, Abwassn, 19/2, 92(D), M2-146. NorImtson, II. P., TRoman, J. R., "Pesticide Persistence In Public Water, 1 heir In-lectlon and Removal," Roy. Pestle, Proc. Conf., Davis, California, 1964. 5, Baron, J. C., "Adsorption of Toxaphene by Activated Charcoal," Tex. J. Set,. }%0, 21(0. 99-101). f. Aly, 0. M , Faust, 6. D., "Removal of 2, 4-dlchlorophcnoxyacetic Add Derivatives from Natural Waters," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., S?{2), 221-2JO. 1909. 7. R1r/o, J. I.., "Removal of Toxic Organic Chemicals by nitrationAdsorption," Prit'/r. Ila/ardoos Chemical Hand). Disposal, Proc. Symp., 3rd, 19/2, 63-70. fi. KocCrum, A. M., "Operation lake Rescue," pres. 10th Ann. Mtg. Inst. Lnv. j-: i., Nwi York City, A|iri 1 30 - May <1, 1972. 9. federal Register, Vul. 3H, Ho. 173. 10. Federal Register, Vol. :m, NO. Rt, May 1973, p. 10929. 11. West, !., "Dlo1on1r.il I fleets ol Pesticides In the EnvironmentOrganic PcsUd.i'-s in^lhe I nvlt omr *ut, ACt-, Washington, 1906, 30-63. 12. Schafer, M. L., Campbell, J. I\, "Distribution of Pesticide Residues in ((union Cmly Hssu-*s from Mont -irmery County, Ohio," Organic Pesticides inUie, hjsjrrmnuml, ACS, Washington, 1906, 09-90. 13. GH ison, M. M., Gossclln. R. f.., Hodge, II. CJJnjcaJ_ Ti1_co1oojrjf Conmiurc i.il^roducfs. Williams A Wilkins Co., HaltTmorc, IOC9. 14. Ai.nu., "IVUi-mIs (nr Or-i-mli Pesticides In Water ami Wuslrwaier," IIA, 1 Inc Inn.. < i, 19/1. I'j. leithr, U,, Analyses ol Hiij.mii Wulcr I'olliH.mts, Ann Arl.or, 1973, 163. MQNS 039710 10. Wit i l e-Mephrns, ft., !'< -.t l< H<In the 1 nvlronnicnt , Vol. 1, New York, 1971. ......................... .............. .......... 17. Hauer, U. "Jiidustr1.il V.V.1 unler Treatment hy Granular Activated Carbon," lmlu.tr 1 .i 1 IM.im [ ntf in>*or Imj, Jan/T cl> 1974, )4-?ft. 1ft. Schul i*jrr, W, ft., M.irf.i u-., M. , "Granular Activated Carbon fte.nMvat Ion System Dirslnii .hH b w.itlntj Condition'.," presented at AI CM Mty. * Detroit* done 19/3. 19. UrtmoUs, V. A., I.ynoh, It. 1., Van Stone, ft. ft., "Granular Carbon Hondlro Ctmcrnlrnlcil W.e.le," Chew It ,i 1 I niin',t,r1n<i I'riMirrr.s. Vol. 09. No. ft. Auyusl 1973, ftl-ft-1. ..................... ................ ?0. Hal in, If. M., "I'-C Treatment Gets Industrial Trial," Environmental Science md^ Toehnolofjy, Mart.It 19/3, ?00-202. "' . ?1. lliT/liiiw, T. II., "Adsorptlon/flltratlon Plant Cuts Phenols from Effluent," Cliemlcal Engineering, May 31, 1971. MGNS 039711 TAHIC l LIST 01 CARC)NOGINS 2-Acetylamliiof luorcne 4-Am1notMph'.,ny1 Ren/HI no (.nnl Its sails) 1) 1 I oronic l liy I i: thor 3,3'Ukllc,ul*i,n/ Mine (and its salts) 4 - NI iiu- lliy 1 *i:* I ho i robcnzcnc Etbylenolinlno Hclhyl Chlnro::uthy1 ether 4,4 *-Methyl cue(01s)-Z*chloroan11Inc alphd-Hopthyl imlne bctaNapthylain1ne 4-Nltroblphonyl N-NItroso (Mmcthylomlne bcta*rr|i1<i1iictonc HUNS 039712 1 Alii. L 2 DUf I'LUr. m III HUMAN TliSUt (mu) Aor. sex IJ1.00D HRAIfl Kinjirjr LIVtR protun ;at toial 48 M 0.230 0.30 0.000 2.0 4.0 290 300 40 M 0.079 0.00 O.D!> 1.0 2.0 69 72 41 r 0.003 0.04 0.03 0.2 0.4 41 42 ;& y 0.012 0.02 0.0? 0.2 0.7 21 22 MONS 039713 ?LAV7 A1 eEO C 521 E F FLOW iAL/VsAa 6 1C - 70 50 550 1100 tai.e j TOXIC C3 REFECTORY i:Ol'$?R!AL WASTERS T-AT'-T G?AN!ULW MSECS INSTALLATIONS (CS-SI7E StACTITATICN'/ i?irffa1 Listing} TOXIC ca R E*?::Tcar CCNTAMVNAN S r>< INFLOET OBJECTIVE 7vpr Qf Tyc5.V-' cs-sri reactivV-i:n 1C,cop aco Multiple hearth CA',r*AL i 35C 7C ctc/1 phe'Olics 3C0 c-g/l pnenolics ICC 9/l phenollcs Color Color VC *c/! 5.**ncl ics 1 "-3/1 phenolic* 1 "5/1 phenolics Color rr.cval Color recjoval Multiple hearth Kiln Multiple Hearth Kiln Multiple Hearth 1.2C0 4S0 300 ... -- MONS 0 3 9 7 1 4 Includes engineering. construction,, adsorption system and reactivation eguipser.t ** * Direct operating costs and do not Include depreciation or cost of capital Invested t.ME : TCX!C OR REFRACTORY INDUSTRIAL KASTEaATE?. T?V?**e*\7 SaASL'LAR CA?.2C:i INSTALLATION'S (C!.7?A.L REACTIVATION) ZZL A* FLCHIlL*G.> i-.LLvNS PER YEAR 128 AVERAGE :'.FLLE\7 ?r.e*c1 ics TCC 1Z mg/1 252 jsg/1 CSJECTIiE 0.1 rr/1 A:s;=?r::.\ ; - - CALLIN* ------- CS7;:. reac-i.at;;-.*- :.s; C.53 : .ss * 18 rf-.erolics 4C n-g/l 0.1 ro/1 TOC 3CO r.g/1 2.10 e.*2 Z* Tel rher.c'.ics TCC ra/1 0.1 rc/I C.C5 :.e: Mr TCC 6C0 mg/1 v 11 to: S0C*/Day 60?/Cay 3.30 3.a= 6.53 t* 26 TOC 275 mg/1 Scecific 4.35 2.45 6.33 Toxicity Tests F* 84 Color 800 mg/1 Color 1.50 0.25 1.75 TOC Reroval G 55 Rherc'ics 17CC mg/l C.l .T.C/1 1-CO 2.23 2.30 TOC 30C0 mg/1 H 55 TOC 10CC mg/I Specific 2.CC s.:c TT.C3 Toxicity Tests * Filtration Treatment also ** Incites; Capital, Kai/itenance. Insurance i Utilities Includes: Reactivation CacicaT, transportation, Reactivation Utilities & raVe-L;: Ca'-rc'- ST6F0 Figure 1 ERA F7. :?DcED LIST OF TOXIC ORGANIC CKEMICALC alo:".::jc12^xl0 CL CENZIDIMECjoH^ r,ui2~ 2 D.ELDatNC^HgCLy CL DDE(TDE)C14HioCL4 CL-' CHCL2 CD E(::^NC.!2H3CL0o CL CL CL CL POL\CK!r:i;NATED BIPKHNYL (irtO Isomers) DDrC1/}IVCL5 MONS 039716 hlRUre A TOXIC ORGANICS UNDER EPA EXAMINATION SEVlI-j C12MnN02 oocrjr.cth (Partial List) HEFTACHLOR C1?H,-CL CL CL LINDANE C6H6CL6 naptholc12i-i8o CL\ /CL CCf" O-CHlC'iOPKENOl.CgHgCLO 111 OH ACP.IDiNE C-,.! l,.CI.,, to O x> CL PArtATH;ONC10H14N:O5PS c2h5o-p-o-/ C2llr,0 Vr:o2 HONS 039717 figure a carcinogen:; (Partial List) 2 ACETYLAMILO: LOUNENE Cs Hi3 NO ALPHA- NAPTHYLAMIKE C10H9 N MH2 4-Ar;i!NODIP!-!ENYL C12 H11N \ r~\ /"Hz 3,3 - DICHLOROSEf SZIDIf !E C12 K10C2.2CMCL Cl. (52fJ- 4-NITR03IPHEHYL C12 H9NO2 N02 \r PROPIOLACTOME C3 H4 02 -0 4- Dl'iCiiTI-iVL/'.l :i^OA'.: 7 37.i'!. C14 HlS N3 ETHYLENir.:i:JE C2 H5N H H2(/____nC!!2 HONS 039718 Figure 4 r-j !SD ADSORPTION SUL; %V;3:G:n Flo!:--? FILTERED MONS 0 3 9 7 1 9 Contaminant Concentration (Parts Par Billion)  IgUI V d As-scnpTic:'! su^;.:;.rv MOMS 0 3 9 7 2 0 Figure 6 MONS 0 3 9 7 2 1 0.01 0.1 -LI 1 U1U 1.0 -Mil. _L1 1 11111 100 100.0 Ccnteminsnt Concentration (Parts Per Sii'icn) SP.'.PUFIb*- 0 Figure 7 BPTION SU^P., MONS 0 3 9 7 2 2 IC.C'r FILTEHcD 1.0 II O.'iL I 111 11 Ml 111! mil I I I I I lilt 1.0 10 ICO lOOO Contaminant Concentration (Parts Per Pinion) Addendum I TOXIC CULM I CAL IJiOTltlP.fi AND AHALTJ.LS PROCCDUIIC Adsorption Isotherms were run on aldrln, dleldrin, endrln, HUP, HOI, DOT, loxaphk.no and Aroc.Mor I?A? and 12t>4. The Urst seven are pestu Irirs, and tlie last two are mixtures of POIJ's containing Wt and 541 chlorine* t.y weight. Stock solutions of each compound, except toxapheno, were prepared In acetone at TOO mg/1. Toxapheno was made up at 1000 mg/1. f 11 tr,v.nrl^ 300 (FS-300) activated carbon was used throughout. Carbon was added from a stock suspension of 1 g or 2 g of pulverized FS-300 per liter of distilled water. Isotherms of aldrln. dleldrin, endrln, ODD and ArocMor l?42 and 1754 were prepared by the following method. Exactly 1 ml of stock pesticide or PCD solution was added to seven flasks, each containing slightly 1'ss than 1 Titer of distilled water. Measured volumes of the 2 g/1 carbon stock solution was added to each flask to give carbon concentrations of D, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/1. The total volume of each flask was 1000 ml. After four hours agitation on a wrist shaker, each solution war. filtered through 0.40 mtcratiil 111 pore pads and stored In a refrigerator In quart amber glass bottles with Teflon-lined caps until analyzed. The same Isotherm procedure was followed with DDL, DDT and toxaphrnc, except the carbon stock ns 1 g/1 ond carbon dosages were 1, 2.5, 5, 12.5, 25 and fO n.g/1. Also, only 0.5 ml of toxapheno stock solution was added to each flask. A nickel 63-rlfctron capture gas chromatograph was used for analysis. All samples were extracted and concentrated approximately 100 times before analysis. The method Is described In the 19/1 CPA report, "Methods for Organic f*tr.t1< Idr Analysts 1r l.Vter and Waste Water." HONS 039723 HONS 0 3 9 7 2 4 ___C^SOTJ Centre' 1 .C 2.0 2.5 5.0 10.0 12.5 25.0 50.0 Addertdur 2 ANALYTICAL LABOVTCP* RESULTS ALJxi" "5 25 15 12 6.3 4.4 2 ]e 3.4 1.5 0.56 0.22 CiELOPIN 56T 19 41 - 41 6.3 - 21 2.4 3.7 1.1 - cl ---- -- CCO COE 56 33 - 3< 6.9 - 29 3.7 12 2.2 - 3.3 C.4S 1.1 0.35 0.9 ?5x3?kIST 155 147 ao 31 2.7 -- :2*2 45 7.3 1.5 l.l - AJ.iXhJA K;4 49 - - 4.2 1.6 1.2