Document DMmyr7N2jrYg3VZ8qZLwOQ6Qo

Welcome everyone. My name is Francis Boodoo and I will be making this presentation in conjunction with my colleague Gary Thundercliffe. Our presentation today is "Removing Perfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) to below 70 parts per trillion with ion exchange resins". We are hoping to complete the presentation within 45 minutes which will leave us with about 15 minutes for discussion and questions. 1 US00002061 I d R C "*W d y ai l l iJ I I l llltSr Vv c m IiiciK * Consider Ion Exchange resin IX) as a viable alternative to GAC. * Special high capacity IX now available for RFC removal. * Such resins can effectively reduce both short and long chained perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS or PFCs) such as PFOA, PFOS, PFBS and PFBA) to below 70 parts per trillion fppt) levels * Current focus on tong chained Pf'Cs (e.g. PFOS, PFOA) will soon change to focus also on short chain PFCS as these are persistent. IX shows better performance than GAC. * PFCs are generally ionized at pH range typical of drinking water. IX removes PFCs by a combined mechanism of ion exchange and adsorption. IX yields superior results since GAC removes PFCs mainly by adsorption. : Purolite Before we begin the presentation I always like to list some points that I hope you will take away from the presentation. Here they are: (1) - You should consider Ion exchange as a viable alternative to GAC for specific jobs which we will get into. (2) We now have special high selectivity high capacity resins available for PFC removal. Note that I will be using the term PFC instead of PFAS during the presentation as it is easier to say and for some reason the commercial part of the Industry seems to like saying PFC. (3) These high capacity resins can effectively reduce both short and long chained PFCs to below 70 ppt which- the latest Health advisory from US EPA for PFOS and PFOA. Examples of short chained PFCs are PFBS and PFBA. (4) We think the industry will soon start focusing on short as well as long chained PFCs since short chained PFCs are persistent In the environment. Ion exchange shows significantly better performance on short chained PFCs. (5) Another point of interest is that PFCs are generally ionized at typical pH for drinking water. This is what makes ion exchange better than GAC as ion exchange can remove PFCs by a combination the Ion exchange and the adsorption mechanisms. 2 US00002062 I d R C "*W d y ai l l iJ I I l llltSr Vv c m IiiciK ird fjt: , * Single use application of higher capacity resins is practical e.g, Purolite A632E * Regenerab!e resins available can reduce operating cost vs GAC. * Consider resins also for polishing effluent from GAC to reduce PFCs to lower levels CAPEX reduction is possible - IX can operate at higher velocities * Choose between resins and GAC: * (a) CAPEX, (b) OPEX, (e) consistent reduction of PFCs to acceptable levels * Are resins applicable for POE / POU devices? - being evaluated now : Purolite (6) It is possible to use high capacity resins on a single use basis s for example our Purolite A632E. (7) We are also working on regeneration methods that allow reuse of the regenerant and there reduced operating cost vs GAC (8) I suggest you also consider ion exchange as a polisher downstream of existing GAC systems as a way to reduce the PFC concentration to even lower levels. (9) Since ion exchange resin can generally be operated at high linear velocities than GAC, there is the potential to reduce capital cost with smaller ion exchange systems. (10) You should choose between ion exchange and GAC based on (a) CAPEX, (b) OPEX and ability to consistently reduce PFCs to below health advisory levels, and (11) I thought I would mention POE/POU application for resins since we are getting more and more inquiries. The short answer Is that are now evaluating this at present and we are hopeful. 3 US00002063 Topics Regulations & Detection Levels IX vs GAC lab results- WET Center, Temple University IX vs GAC - Third party pilot data Pease AFB GAC with IX polisher pilot startup - Warminster, PA Pilot Results using IX ; PFOS / PFOA / PFBS / PFBA - Italy IX pilot start-up In Rantoul, IL through C6I using PuroliteA632E (no results yet) GAC operating cost estimate - Oakdale MN GAC installation since 2007 Which is better - Single-Use or Regenerable Resin? Operating cost estimates for IX and GAC. ' : Purolite So here are individual topics we will be discussing: Regulations IX vs GAC at Wet Center IX vs GAC third part data IX as a polisher to GAC A really Interesting study in Italy Just a note that we are starting a pilot with A632E at Rantoul, IL - no results as yet We will look at GAC at Oakdale MN operating since 2007 Then we will look at Single use vs regenerable resins And finish with operating cost estimates for IX and GAC 4 US00002064 Health Advisories for PFCs in parts per trillion (or ng/L) u: EPA ` HI MN p-ffU. ruirftimrrmtfanmtarid ?n in i PFOS perfiuorooctanesuIfontcacid 70 30C psrfiuoroljutsfiok9cNf 700 PFBS perfluorobutanesuIfonteacW BtMft PfaifrTflIfU.aBF?aSaflOaAnrStRO1E*6SCnl* | 700 PFOA+PFOS 70 j j P If 0 3l | ; 500 UK Germany 300 300 100 Detection levels for PFCs in parts per trillion (or n g/l) sre?Qn-Aft _pe_rjM,ttoroocta.n.outeact;orj PFOS psrfluerooctinfsulfonicacid PFBA perfluorobutapoicadd PFBS perfluorobutanisutfonlcacM PFHft perfluerenonemMCaad t;s pretlte' DLsa Dm796m8-14 24 i&m 22,01 6.49 1.81 537im2009 1.7 i,4 3.1 0,7 ...... ..... ... AmTeesrttca 4.20 4-20 4-20 4-20 Shlrnadzu 15. 10.3 11.3 So here I compare regulations with detection levels from various labs. In the top table we see that health advisories from the EPA, NJ, MN, NC, Italy, the UK and Germany. You can see that there is a lot of variance in the regulations from as low as 30 ppt in Italy to as high 2000 ppt in NC. Take a look at the bottom table showing information I was able to find from various labs and various standard methods like ASTM and US EPA 537-2009. The detection levels are what I either got from the methods, or from specific labs. As you can see everybody is trying to get down to single digit levels. In effect what I see here is that detection levels are partly driving the regulations - I have seen this movie before with perchlorate about 15 years ago and more recently with NDMA. 5 US00002065 ^^ PFOS Purolite A532E Ion Exchange Resin vs, G AC ^ lreftynt100pf/1PFOS j; 5 . ok m,m These results are not indicative of industrial sue projects Sec Volumes : Purolite 18"'.COO 561,000 050 000 5le*p e l irtea i grapbv i-s(fee to v * rf high sp*erfie f f > i * H ">fiRv/hTVw f t Irtti Orwm.af Phwf.Xlt-i rtf If! HV/B iiiM.frcmvk wili bentuch Halter. Here is some information that was generated by the WET center at Temple University which our company partially funded. These graphs are for PFOS with an influent level of 100 ppb. Column studies were run comparing GAC to resin - Purolite A532E in this case. What you should note in particular is that these studies were done at very fast specific flowrate of 120 bed volumes per hour or about Vi minute contact time. So these results are not meant for design of industrial systems but were really run this fast in order to finish the capacity study in a reasonably short time. So at these fast rates, the results may be more indicative of how these media would behave in the tiny cartridges that people install under their sinks. But what we see here, at least for PFOS, the capacity pf A532E, even under these very fast conditions, is quite good at about 125,000 bed volumes without a break or about 1,000,000 gallons of water treated per cubic foot of resin. It also shows that this resin holds on to the contaminant much better than GAC. 6 US00002066 Here is a similar comparison of A532E and GAC under the same flow conditions as the previous slide. Again you can see that both GAC and A532E are trending up with GAC eventually breaking away at about 70,000 BV while A532E continues on. But of course in both case leakage is higher than desired unless of course one were to install another column downstream and then operate the system as a lead-lag pair of columns. 7 US00002067 1 Bec: Vo:umes 70 ppt HA breaspg-rt GAC approx. 2,300 8V IX - approx, no? broken : Purolite I got permission from AMEC to show this pilot study at Pease AFB comparing GAC and IX (this was not our resin). Inlet PFOS was 11 ppb and you can see that the GAC curve in black breaks much earlier than the ion exchange curve in blue. If using the new health advisory level of 70 ppt as the breakpoint, then GAC would have done about 2300 bed volumes or about 17,000 gallons per cubic foot For the resin you can see the capacity had not broken at the end of the study. So this study emphasizes the difference in performance of GAC vs IX under these particular set of conditions. 8 US00002068 Here are the graphs for PFOA for the same study. In this case PFOA inlet concentration was 25.7 ppb and again you can see an early break from GAC at about 2200 BV or 16,000 gaIs/ft3 while the resin did break in this case at about 7,000 BV or about 52,000 gal/ft3 9 US00002069 Iait. I i H V if in q u u ih U o i t n i* * Concern with GAC consistently reaching latest Health Advisory 70 ppt when using Lead - Lag vessels of GAC * Resin polisher pilot now in operation as shown in order to achieve non-detect 6A C Effluent - parts per trillio n (ppt) Law. P FC Inlet O A Cil GAC -'i'll' Pwoi!U-5A2S487E p.rfluo,ooM*m,terf pro ..........I ....... 2X1 190 100 Held WFMA 1 20 20 20 1 so i f iff fuomhiitaneiu(tornr*rid PHW 4 90 90 90 a i WB W 4 .....i l l .........S i .......... ..... PerfhiOreetansiLjfon ictd Pt'OS 720 250 150 : Purolite Here is the Warminster PA study. The system operates with two blue GAC vessels In series or lead-lag fashion and the GAC operates at a specific flowrate of 20 BV/h or about 2.5 gpm/ft3 - a bit faster than I would expect but in this case the customer changes out the GAC charge in both the lead and lag vessels. So in effect the combine specific flowrate is about 10 BV/h or about 1.25 gpm/ft3 which is more typical. The customer wanted to evaluate whether ion exchange would be able to reduce the effluent concentrations of PFCs from the GAC to levels lower than the recently published health advisory level of 70 ppt. So in June we installed our A632E downstream of the GAC as well as in a bypass stream to evaluate how the resin alone will perform. We have also installed another of our resin which we are hopeful will be easier to regenerate if we choose to go that way. So this study is an important one for the industry as I am not sure if there are any other pilots running like this at present. We are just starting to get results, so I am sure everyone will be anxious to learn how it performs. In this case, you can see in the table the results before the IX was installed and you can see that the GAC was reducing PFOS, PDOA and PFHxS by maybe about a 1/z through the lead vessel and then half again through the lag vessel. These numbers are higher than the current health advisory levels. 10 US00002070 * * ..... * * O I I l l i l W W l I ! I W t w nv. PFOS *Wsrmmstpr GAC Pilot [I pad) 32ftGAC at 20 SV/h (2.5gpm/ft3) y Volume treated bv LEAD vessel Variable performance by GAC 9,000: 22.000: 26,000 BV ex LEAD Ve fSretlfjj Bed Vc'ume' Purolite 70 ppt Let's take a closer look at what happens with PFOS as it exits the lead vessel - we will look at the lag vessel in the next slide. You can see that the y-axis is showing ppt levels of PFOS, the GAC volume per vessel is 32ft3 and the flowrate is 2.5 gpm/ft3. Look at how variable the results are. If using the new 70 ppt health advisory level for a breakpoint, then you will see in Dec2014 to Apr 2015, capacity was 9000 BV, for Aprl5 to O ctl5 it was 22,000 BV and the last change out showed about 26,000 BV capacity - so quite variable results. 11 US00002071 PFOS lV-:<?rni;:;tc r P :io l -- Combined Lead + la g GAC V; 9 '..5; J L '-f J ;: ':J UV 7,000; 34,000; 38,000 m treate Mi o : Purolite Now look at the results ex the lag vessel - you see the same type of variability. In this case I shows the breakpoint capacity related to the total volume of GAC in both vessels, since both are changed out at the same time. Again the capacity varies quite a bit from 17,000 BV to 38,000 BV - so this would be difficult to predict on an on-going basis. 12 US00002072 iv a r m in s c e r i^ iio i cm ilg s g vs <v- & # . Q 52fV GAC at 20 BV/h{2.5gpm /ft;J Volume Treated by LEAD Vessel V.'i '1' ; !';v.,!'T, / :..v 17,000; 22,000; 28,000 BV ex LEAD vessel \ . -t / / j Bed Volumes ' : Purolite ,, The same kind of results are obtained for PFOA ex the lead vessel - you can see capacity varies from 17,000 to 28,000 BV in this case. 13 US00002073 PfOft - Warminster Pilot - Combined Lead + Lag GA Vessels Parts per trillion P f O A - Wa< m lr.sf! GAC Pilot Combined Lead tas;. 64 fr5GAC a i 10 B'.//h 1.25 gpm/ftO ..v;rii!;:::i;" r : :; : Tior:\ 1 :.. v . ar 7 Grig 7 7 ;*rV: V* I';;*.*! ff-.' ^raarr-d hrtf. / Bed Volumes HIHI- ' : PuroUte 10,000 75.000 10,000 150.000 30,000 00,000 775.000 100,000 And the same type of variability for the results out of the LAG vessel, with capacities from 17,000 to 32,000 BV. Here is the latest charge just recently installed with the purple color. They plan to change out the GAC soon base don 70 ppt break. As you can see they also just switched to a new test method with a lower detection level. 14 US00002074 w v c t 11 I II l a I C I r l l U l J C l U I n t I c i l y K 3 U H I A jJIlUFiJS MH1 l l l S f L l Detection Raw Levels W ater M Votuinis > Ex GAC LAG 15000 X AS32E Polisher 0S0 6078 Ex St!irvdalorte A.632E 1920 5040 Ex Standalone USA25407E 1920 5342 PFOA PFNA PFHpA .H. .id. PFHxS w os :i i z. o 1 230 MCI ND 3 ND ND 1 12 3 ND ND ND 2 ND 1 1 68 35 ND ND NO 4 ND 2 !: 4 24 18 ND ND 4 190 78 ND ND ND ND ND ND 5 700 22 NFI ND ND ND ND GAC changed after 2 months service, A632E polisher is doing its job so far at 6078 bed volumes. Data for resins looks good so far - need m ore data before any conclusions 1 Q Purotite * Curotim Labs Really impressive results for A632E in polisher to GAC position and in standalone position. But these are just a few data points - so no need to get too excited about them. We have to wait for more data point to detect a trend since the values are close to the already low detection levels. 15 US00002075 i ftiwir: B A632C t 40 S 30 10 10 o B e i Volumes ? 0 rr.sd.a: Very Sharp Break os. SAC 30,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 180,000 1 aO.OOO 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 :01,000 llO.OOO 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 : Purolite Now lets look at this interesting study done in Italy with our resins. The plan here was to evaluate the regenerability of the resins, no side by side pilot was run with GAC. As you can see the PFOS influent level was quite low at 27 ppt and what is very noticeable here are the very flat curves obtained for all three resins. The y-axis in this case is percent of influent while the x-axis is the usual bed volumes or gallons treated per ft3 of resin. The very flat curves is really important since GAC tends to have a more gradual break at closer to a 45 degree climb while the water is treated. In this case the breaks are very sharp - almost at ninety degrees to the horizontal - this is almost ideal as if operating in lead-lag fashion the lead vessel will remove virtually all the PFC and leakage ex the lag vessel will be extremely low - that is exactly what you want.. You can see that A632E is really giving outstanding capacity for PFOS at about 1,000,000 gallons of water treated per cubic foot of resin where as the other resins (which are also Purolite resins) are not doing as well. 16 US00002076 PFOA R e sin s: R u ro lite A b 32E, R e sin 8 <S. R e sin C iso,:: :oso a.oce eo.ooo kooso 900,300 s.owooo : Purolite So again the same study from Italy but this time for PFOA. You can see the same shapes for the curves - very flat and then a ninety degree break. In this case capacity for PFOS is about 83,000 bed volumes our about 600,000 gals/ft3.. Here the influent PFOA is 430 ppt. 17 US00002077 r^eifa. 153,000 300,030 053,030 -03 000 ^30.000 500.000 1,050.303 : Purolite Here is how the resins behaved for the short chained compound - PFBS perfluorobutanesulfonic acid. Inlet level was 171 ppt you can see that capacity for PFBS by all three resins was much less than for PFOS and PFOA, but still the capacity of A632E is still decent at about 25,000 BV or about 187,000 gallons/ft3. And as I said, we are evaluating various regenerants right now -so hopefully we will have something definite in the near future. 18 US00002078 Here is the capacity for the shortest PFC studied - PFBA. Inlet level is 212 ppt and again you can see the capacity of A632E is about 10,000 BV or about 75,000 gallons/ft3. So as we go from PFOS, to PFOA to PFBS to PFBA, the capacity continues to decrease. 19 US00002079  PFC - Column capacity - field data 11 BV/h m il Operating Capacity Operating Capacity Operating Capacity Bed Volumes Bed Volumes Bed Volumes PFBA 0.212 3,500 8*600 10,000 Pfii m u a^oo 17*000 25*000 Pft* Capsc-ty rat'O; Short chain: long chain: 0.027 : Purolite 53,000 1X IV 07*000 ?X 2Y 142*000 X 2.4Y So here is a summary of the results for all four PFCs - in metric units and we can turn to the next slid e .... 20 US00002080 / \ PfC - Column capacity - field data 1.47gpm/ft3 v # x1> M il P fiS HS/L 0.212 f/ 3 OiHT.it'.ng Coparity Gc-Kun'.- /tt of :edn i :0 Ojjiuati.cc capacity C:--J11 J-:/ it.5 of rtrs:i : 1? VA! Opoiritinr;. ear. ify Go11oii:>/it.?. oi . X: It?, PFOS Capac-ty ret:c; Short chain: long chain- : Purolite 7 4 :'S di3i! IX 1 7,;; 2X X.? i,o e s rooo 2.9X 2.4Y Here is the summary in US units. Look at the relative operating capacities for Resin C, Resin B and Resin A632E For short chained PFCs we have IX for resin C, 2X for resin B and about 3X for resin A632E For long chained PFCs, we have 1Y, 1.7 Y and 2.4 Y. So in all cases you can see that A632E is the best for all 4 PFCs. 21 US00002081 aic iviim lllllliiS B itllfS lllfc ijmiiMsM System Details: 2500 gpm flowrate Calgon Carbon 6 A C - 10 Vessels, 100,000 lbs S A C total [appro*. 3333 ft3) Lead - Lag vessels operating at approx. 1.5 gpm/ft1 When lead vessel reaches breakthrough the GAC in the lead is replaced Then the Lag vessel is switched to the Lead position. The freshly charged vessel Is switched to the Lag position. Daysto breakthrough Calculated BV 12 m Calculated Gals/ft3 0 000 EstimateInlet econcentration- ppt 230 286 82,000 615,000 ; 490 550 158.000 1.200,000 710 GACchanged 1 based on FT O breakthrough Treated 1,9 billion gals; 5 GAC changes total 50,000lbs GAC). fora cost of Sti,J2 ptr 0 gallons. Estimated equivalent price for GAC = $4,75 /lb [or approx, $142/ft3) which likely includes all charges for installation, new media, labor, incineration, transportation, etc. M innesota Health Advisories are currently 3 0 0 ppt for PFOS and PPDA. ug cost will rise in future if operating in current Health Atfasorv set by EPA o f 70 ppc. Purolite Here is a study of an old GAC system at Oakdale MN operating since 2007. I got this online from the depart of health in MN as shown in the link... This a 2500 gpm system, 10 vessels of GAC with five trains of GAC in lead-lag mode. The leads vessel is replaced when breakthrough occurs while the lag is moved into the lead position and the freshly re-charged vessel is put into the lag position. You can see from the table that the system is run to a PFOS break which means PFBA and PFOA have already broken. MN operates to 300 ppt break for PFOS. The cost is stated to be $0.12 per 1000 gallons of water treated. And this apparently includes all associated costs - new GAC, labor, transportation, incineration, etc. I expect operating cost will go up significantly once they start using the new EPA health advisory level of 70 ppt. In fact with both PFOS and PFOA present, EPA recommends a combined HA of 70 ppt - so yes cost will go up. 22 US00002082 WVdi usici u n i. u m ita ic u w ^ ia u n g w s i * This Is a much smaller system at with 2 trains of 85 gprrs flow * Zx 4ft diameter vessels each with 32 ft3 of GAC operating in LEAD-LAG fashion * Carbon in both the LEAD and LAG vessels were changed every 6 months, after May 70 ppt advisory level, changing after 3 months and moving to new type of carbon. * Previously operated to about 100 to 130 ppt break for PP05 * Based on combined carbon volume, operating capacity * Approx. 30,000 led Volum es ( 225,000 ga!s/ft3) Cost: * New GAC Labor to err,of/ and hi: Rrofihng iTCLP] * Tr-,,cK;ng /mdnerafcn Approx. treated ' : Purolite We tried to get an estimated operating cost for Warminster with GAC if operating to 70 ppt HA level. Looks like they may change out In 2 to 3 months with the old carbon Installed In April. The last charge is now bituminous coal rather than coconut shell as the former is considered to be superior. If we consider all costs - new GAC, labor, transportation, profiling, incineration we estimate an operating cost of about $0.45 per 1000 gallons of water treated. 23 US00002083 111,11 15 MiljjIM WdE MI I lC g C IIC lB k H C H C J III Capacities range from 10,000 to 140,000 Bed Volumes capacity depending on PEC type Short chained PFCs - capacity closer to 10,000 to 20,000 BV (75,000 -150,000 gals/ft5) Long chained PFCs - capacity closer to 70,000 to 140,000 BV (500,000 -1,000,000 gais/frt) Which is better depends on relative OPEX and CAPEX and ability to meet new HA levels Single use + incineration - simple system; use resins with very high capacities for PFCs Regenerate- must allow for operator input and extra regeneration equipment Must consider disposal cost for spent regenerant Now testing multiple reuse of regenerant (up to 10 times) with high capacity A632E Expect reduction in OPEX, especially on medium to large systems : Purolite Now lets take a look at whether to use single-use resin or regenerable resin - what are the pros and cons? First capacities range from 10,000 to 140,000 bed volumes ( 75,000 to 1.000.000 gaIs/ft3) Short chained capacity varies from 10,000 to 20,000 BV Long chained capacity varies from 70,000 to 140,000 BV So which is better depends on relative OPEX, CAPEX and the ability of the resin or GAC to consistently meet the new HA levels Single use + incineration is simple; so you may want to consider this with resins with very high capacities. Regenerable - must allow for operator input, extra equipment for regen, disposal of spent regenerant. We are now testing multiple reuse of regenerants up to 10 times, so we expect reduction on OPEX 24 US00002084 Regen erab e Resi ns Advantages Disadvantages low er OPEX vs single use IX or GAC Regenerant recovery / reuse methods Minimum impact on environment Aieohol/chemlcal regenerants Recover/reuse regenerant by evaporation /distillation Spent regenerant must still be disposed of eventually Requires trained operator skills Process must be properly designed Purolite is working on new regenerant methods capable o f regenerating the highest capacity resin such as Purolite AG32E. More on this at a later date. : Purolite Read the slide 25 US00002085 Unii cost S UmilnQty GA#1.5 8pm/fl3 WW' W i Witii f 'rrf Trucking S6i$2C /H3 im sa Incineration (nCA-hu) * ^ * 4 4WW**4*kMA.WW Total S22S/supws-Mk l&mi 10010(3 s/sacks) Resln$ AygtOO 675 333000 tsP<l ^ ftC 267 26? ftJ 267 16,000 2403 1716 $26000 Est. Capacity -fais/ft3 Est, Capacity- gais/charge *600750 MMO.OOO S0.43/Kg*i 60.000,000 ,43/Kgal m In this escampie, singe-use resili must have about 2.6 X more capacty. *.* Purollte' s0 economici dependv on which PFCs are largateti Read the slide 26 US00002086  .g it i lit, IWMIlt Assumptions: U U 1III|<K. W H If Resin life - 5 years; Regeneration frequency - every 3 months Regenerant reuse - 10 times Resin Cost(im o rtM over S years! $ / regeneration/fO resin $20 $ /lOOQgels of water treated Regeneration C o st- assuma regan, awry 3 months Eventual Disposal fall costs! $10 $10 $30 (as haz waste! ...................................... ...................................... Total $20 Assume 75,000gsls/ft3 resin f10000 BVj Assume 215,000ji*/fl3in (30,000 BVJ Assume 600,000gals/ft3resin (80,000BVj 0.93 0.31 0.12 f!"tr above estimates ore hypothetical - technology still under evaluation i Purotite Read the slide 27 US00002087 I d R C " * W d y a l l iJ I I l llltSr Vv c m IiiciK * Consider Ion Exchange resin IX) as a viable alternative to GAC. * Special high capacity IX now available for RFC removal. * Such resins can effectively reduce both short and long chained perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS or PFCs) such as PFOA, PFOS, PFBS and PFBA) to below 70 parts per trillion fppt) levels * Current focus on tong chained Pf'Cs (e.g. PFOS, PFOA) will soon change to focus also on short chain PFCS as these are persistent. IX shows better performance than GAC. * PFCs generally Ionized at pH range typical of drinking water. iX removes PFCs by a combined mechanism of ion exchange and adsorption. IX yields superior results since GAC removes PFCs mainly by adsorption. : Purolite 28 US00002088 I d R C "*W d y ai l l iJ I I l llltSr Vv c m IiiciK ird fjt: , * Single use application of higher capacity resins is practical e.g, Purolite A632E * Regenerab!e resins available can reduce operating cost vs GAC. * Consider resins also for polishing effluent from GAC to reduce PFCs to lower levels CAPEX reduction is possible - IX can operate at higher velocities * Choose between resins and GAC: * (a) CAPEX, (b) OPEX, (e) consistent reduction of PFCs to acceptable levels * Are resins applicable for POE / POU devices? - being evaluated now : Purolite 29 US00002089 G fun)## Piloting I Complete Modelmg Capability Custom engineered pilots ion Exchange Resins /Adsorbents Skid mounted/shippable Operations manual Flow control &totaliter Sample ports Sampling protocol / sample log On-site technical support Remediation expertise Option: regeneration as needed : Purolite 30 US00002090 * Experienced ground and potable water remediation specialists Modeling capability of select contaminants * Special Resins/ adsorbents for emerging contaminants (PFCs, chrome-6, etc.) * Piloting services /Technical support * Joint Turnkey solutions with partners : Purolite 31 US00002091 Purolite 32 US00002092 Purolite : Purolite Capabilities "Good Morning/Afternoon. My name is Jeffrey Frain and I am the Global Marketing Director at Purolite. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to talk to you today. I want to take about 10 minutes to introduce you to the capabilities and characteristics of our company" 33 US00002093 34 US00002094 Purollte's Values 35Hc-rjtsge years of heritage, knowledge, customer V oeusand expertise in the resin industry, coupted with our proven quality, manufacturing and regulatory experienceIrmovalien famrty o i englneen.artd i d widish dedicated to ibtei rvig to tl ie d u JIen g e * our tustum w sf*ue. Through innovative R&Owe m eet the n ee d so f tomorrow, before they arrive. 2S o g o i o r y Vp?a< lr*t,k / a d of repifato jy w p e ! lb e - W d U <h I, puldblw and groundwater and FDAinspected plant, Quality Continual (yexceed ing quality and consistency is the cornerstone of ail our a u ivers. ftdure Through forwarddhinking investments we are comm itted to exceeding demands for outstanding : ....... .. .1:........... ....... 'I v': ! : ^,r : ................ : Purolite 35 US00002095 Industries Served Life Sciences Pharmaceutical Potable Water Ground Water Remediation Food and Beverage : Purolite 36 US00002096 37 US00002097 Oak Ridge National Laboratory-license BiQuat resin Hanford, WA.; Paducah Kentucky - Pertechnetate .. Aberdeen Proving Ground;ATK Thiokol- Perchlorate Patented Weak Base regenerable process - piloted at Redstone Arsenal via ARA Currently Treating 60 MGD of water - 30,000 ft3 of resin installed - in USA, France Israel - Consulting on large perchlorate/RDX/Chrome-6/nitrate project 16 years experience -35% market share Modeling capability +/-15% accuracy : Purolite 38 US00002098  BP*1 On-Site change out of ion exchange resins and adsorbents * Competitive pricing with guaranteed performance * System design, simulation and installation * Full range of specialty ion exchange resins and adsorbents : Purolite 39 US00002099 Services: Technical Engineering Support Fieldsupport engineers: ~200 technical sales person in the field On and offsite system analysis and trouble - Technical resources/consulting TechnicalSupport Services: PureDesigii**System modeling - Pilot systems System design/operaiion ' Resin analysis Column performance evaiuatkjn/audits Technical training Customized Solutions: . Create unique solutions based on custome - Dedicated applications laboratories Multiple packaging and delivery options Application references and case histories : Purolite 40 US00002100 PuroHte h oemmitted to driving the future of resin technology - ali facilities ISO 9001 certified; UK and Romania ISO 18000 certified - Vitality index >11% and growing lAD CeM golJrf^^ - Recently completed laboratory upgrade and expansion - R&D, Ct/C and Applications Research Centre in China New Philadelphia Applications and O /t Laboratories New Romanian Q/C, Pharmaceutical and Customer Applications Laboratory Moscow specialty synthesis research laboratory : Purolite 41 US00002101 Purolite is continually expanding and im proving manufacturing - all facilities ISO 9001 certified Adsorbents, specialty copolymers, chelating resins BniiBll&aiE^M*-Specialty, UltraClean and nuclear gradereams PuroiiteS.R.i.- Romania-Uniform Particle Si* resins. Active Pharmaceutical ingredients, {FDA inspected,cGMR) Purolite Ltd" U K - Enzyme Carriers, iromobilued Enrymes, Chromatographic resins- synthetic and agarose media : Purolite 42 US00002102 Premier Products Th# quality and consistencyof our productsisfundamental to our performance. Throughoutail Purolite plants, production is carefully controlledto ensure that our products meet the most stringent criteria, regardless of where they are produced. Reliable Service We are technical experts and problem solvers. Reliable and well trained, we understandthe urgency required to keep businesses operatingsmoothly. Purolite employs the largest technical sales organization in the industry. Innovative Solutions Our continued Investment in research & development means we are always perfecting and discovering innovative uses for ion exchange resins and adsorbents. We strive to mate the impossible possible. : Purolite 43 US00002103 44 US00002104 45 US00002105 46 US00002106 ' : PuroUte IX = treatable by ion exchange 47 US00002107 48 US00002108