Document DMRDDO3361XMbwEwN463wn8Na

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1945 June DOC#: NSC014 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: NSC - National Safety News - Industrial Health MP L A I N T I F F 'S EXHIBIT I "fi&V ; wS: 1 HIGHLIGHTS IN THE FIELDS OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, HYGIENE, AND NURSING COMPILED BY FREDERICK S. MALLETTE, INDUSTRIAL DIVISION, N.S.C. mm Hear and Humidity men working as described in the study. Clothing probably lowers the environ From the Journal of Industrial Hygiene mental upper lim it Nevertheless, these and Toxicology. March, 1945. rules may be useful to industry be This study has confirmed the obser cause the rate and continuous nature vations previously made that the wet of the work described imposes a load bulb temperature of the environment not likely to be matched in industry is the most important factor in deter and this may balance out an added mining the upper limits of heat and clothing load. It is of interest to note humidity in which men can work. It that the upper limits here described adds evidence indicating that the wet compare with those found in under bulb temperature determines the sever ground work in the Kolar Gold Field ity of many of the physiologic changes Mines. induced in men working in such heat. The duration of exposure to any Furthermore, whereas industrial ex single environment in this study was perience has been largely limited to short, several days to a week. There hot environments with high relative fore; it is not altogether permissible humidity, this study indicates that to- predict the performance and reac with higher, air temperature (up to tions of men exposed daily for longer 120CF) and lowered humidity, the wet periods (months) to the more severe bulb temperature is still the major' environments described. It was indi factor in determining whether man cated that prolonged exposure might can or cannot work. The limiting wet lead to a deterioration of performance. bulb temperatures are quite stable, When men work daily in. the impos changing-hut little over a range of a ir' sible environments (wet bulb tempera temperatures from 90F. to 120E,and. ture.above. 94E);', their performance, over relative humidities ranging from and particularly their morale ancTwill- 100 to 30 per cent. Thus,,simple lines.; to-work, appear -to deteriorate with may be added' to psychometric ' charts succeeding days. to indicate 1conditions of equivalent . No such deterioration was evidenced severity fo r work in' hot environments ' when ' merr worked repeatedly in the approaching upper tolerable limits. relatively easy environments (wet bulb The limiting nature of the wet bulb temperature- makes this simple determination a: useful guide for the management of men working in exces sively hot surroundings. The following rules are suggested for environments temperature 91 F or less). This is further reason for accepting the line of relatively easy equivalent conditions as the practical and .safe upper en-t vironmental limit for acclimatized men working in hot surroundings. in which the dry bulb temperature does not exceed 120F. Healthy ac climatized men will work easily, effi ciently and effectively, and without Occupational Illnesses in Cotton Industries heat casualty when the. wet bulb tem From the Journal of Industrial Hygiene perature does not exceed 9 1F. When and Toxicology, February, 1945. the wet bulb temperature is between Allergic individuals may develop a 91 F and 94F, they will work with hypersensitivity to the high concentra difficulty, inefficiently and often in tions of cotton dust associated with effectively. In this range, mild heat some manufacturing processes in the casualties may occur. At wet bulb tem cotton industry. There is apparently peratures exceeding 94F, most men a wide variation in the severity of asth are incapable of sustained effort, those continuing to work being inefficient and ineffective. In this range, a high incidence of heat casualties (often severe) may he expected. matic attacks that result from this ex posure. In the 12 cases studied, none gave evidence of-any complicating pul monary disease, even though in one case the condition had been present These rules are formulated for nude for 17 years. Physical examinations X-rays were made on employ! had worked in excess of twej|| in the card-rooms of textile.;] linter rooms of cotton seedifq^ Of the 26 cases in this groupylflj complaints or physical findjtffi" ing to their respiratory system; Inquiries into the occuofi all individuals on whom a-'_ of bronchiectasis (dLatationlffga bronchi) or emphysema (diktat alveoli) had been made a t / " '' Tuberculosis Sanitarium failed^! a single case employed in.anjl dusty operations of the cottonMf No evidence was found' tofU evea.support the existence offp (cotton dust lung disease) asir entity arising among em plq|| posed to Upland cotton-.yin""' section of that industry in Miss| Further Studies onnJD From Public Health VrbortsJ'.T, : 1945. T ' A i n r i - ; . ' , . . Amazing claims.have beensrU' the new insecticide- DDTvcEipYn chemists "as 2, 2 Bis ) (P-Chlcifep'nffi 1 ,1 , 1 Trichlorethane but becsaj its indicated toxicity,. pharrpac| studies by the United States " Health Service have been expfi ^ prevent careless use, of ffie,dfi|3 It has been shown in previoxB,-]j that th substance is suite to: ' its effect is cumulative that b Ml cipal actions are on the centrai system and the liver, and th a tt tical usefulness of the com-pourira/ bined with its toxicity merited \ 1 ough search for means of ontifjg incipient poisoning. . -I V,. The present reported re. extension of the previous obsj .t designed to determine more acouij the extent of cumulative actio: ut compound and the value of thuja icai test of organic chlorine detec tion in detecting early poisoning pertinents were also made on thq^ ence of certain dietarv deficienrig^ the chronic toxicity of DDT, QEK (To page 56) mlliFTT v , ] ,, 1 *1 fl K.'j H / - ih 'F D i'JjD , i.yj'i SI 1 sr jin f `` I /'- h t J-Gunga Di.fi tf1^ brings :hc JDs rime -- b |te D in encot |.lablets. ''Do Service. 34 N atio n al S a fe fv flews, June, ! Sa- P A C K E D IN SU B S T A N T IA L B O X E S -- PLA IN LY LA BELED AND NUM BERED * Acco and Campbell Cotter Pins are doing, a first-rate job for many essential, industries. We draw our own wire for these good cotter pins to assure uniformity. Their shanks are. parallel--and they close all the way to the shoulder. Users sometimes say a blind man could insert these pins. ' . Other good features: easy, positive locking--quick removal --cleaned by tumbling--packed in substantial boxes with clear, legible labels and numbers. In addition to regular materials, both types are available in Monel, stainless steel, brass and bronze. Steel cotter pins may be had in electro-galvanized, cadmium plated and coppered finishes. ij Yo rk, Pa., Boston, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, 5an Francisco, Portland, Bridgeport, Conn. .y trd 'iv v ti AMERICAN CHAIN DIVISIO AMERICAN CHAIN & CAB i In Business for Your Safety r_ 1 36 INDUSTRIAL HeX : (From page 34J: antidotal value of hpnotics^jjp-. poisoning, and on trie condiif the vasomotor and resp ira to ^ p and the central nervous systerc in the terminal stages of DDT ing- ' . "tf?, Results indicate con.iiderafcf difference in the effects protS administration of DDT. FonS the rabbit shows severe and! liver damage while the rca' scarcely any. Possibly the mi of this substance is not they the two species which possl counts for the difference. Loti; diet seems to contribute sli general toxicity but does not.njf alter the susceptibility' of th"' the toxic action of this compoStudies on the action of~affs hypnotics and related compos acute DDT poisoning in ratslirl good antidotal effects from .iff and to a lesser degree fromf.dlfj Pneumoconiosis From the Journal oj the America ical Association, March 24. 1945.Z Many other conditions beside cosis and benign pneumoconibsf produce a similar x-ray appear" the' lungs. Among these arehsg|t' cancer, Hodgkin's Disease, rdilf berculosis, lipoid pneumoniffi parasitic., and fungus infectipnsiS' ous kinds. Diagnosing between pneumo of any variety and any of.ctlr conditions depends largelyi'tipy clinical features of the caseffa^ ing history to establish on.;exgl, occupational exposure tT'dusfJ. ough -physical - examination;.: propriate laboratory study. It is impossible for tiieASig, cialist to tell the difference's the nodulation resulting from th active fibrosis producer by free in the lung tissues and the shado; .pseudo-noduiation cast oy the;,o substance itself in benign, kg. coniosis. Therefore, in orderttgt entiate between silicosis antfS pneumoconiosis one must haver" to a much detailed ocmpatidh tory and, whenever possible,yJjj knowledge of the environmeatap. ditions surrounding the works/ quently an industrial hygiene of the plant must be made tom mine the nature and concentratio the dust to which the exposed. "Ip- Advanced silicosis with congjjg, ate nodulation is often a disabhh National Safety Nev/s, JaueM j ease, and when sii `c o sts IS c o L | by tuberculosis it is fatal when extensive, reduces ; ventilation. This may emba| heart and induce cardiac faifli' Benign pneun '.oconiosisjri nothing but "shac;dw s cast pi genogram." hi., For these reaso::as it is unf| worker, to labor and to 'ini the clinician and the roerltg^ to take- their retponsibilitiT* when they are cal., ed on tO'cL. between silicosis <:>r asbestos^ one hand and her:ngn pneurS on the other. Physical impairment A| From "Physical Impairment arid jormance," Journal of the AmcrtF teal Association, April 7, 14,. ]9A: .C:.Sp This report presents the r l | study made of job perfofo2,858 physically im paired^, female workers as compared jy$i|j of 5,523 able-bodied male aS^" workers of similar age, expenis occupational characteristics PJ standpoints of accident production and iffidencjf'SL senteeisms and ernploymeni|||| The average accident rreepua for the physically .impaired. vM to be higher than the average^1 rate for the able-bodied. AnSf number of accidents, in certap defect classes conrributeSt||s the accident frequency ratetoa paired; group. However, thefi' impairedexperienced proport less severe accidents thafflf bodied. - There is evidence that 't;ps| .element relating to someth' physical impairments plays.faif tant role in causing significai tions of frequence rate amS several classes of physicals found'among impaired worker! study. Although this psychblO^ ment also exists among the able-F it has greater significance workers with certain types of defects from the standpoint.' tion of further impairmenth$ injuries and determining apart old of absorption of physid paired workers into certainr industries without raising cident and severity rate or pfj costs in those industries. This psychologic element! dent proneness canr.ot be me altered either by ordinary intej by matching physical capacit qualifications to pnysical demands of jobs. It can to son be detected before employe means of rests whicii partialhp Kmplovees tregular-.a file pracri. IIf,Fc r '; ; l w ider r 38 National Safety Mews,