Document DMQgyw6panDQDxXmzLwm6zJMd

fc0teacNTTdustries Association, Inc. : ~V*,** 1 292 Madison Avenue New York, N. Y. 10017 Telephone: (212) 679-6020 March 9, 1971 SUBJECT; LEAP MAGAZINE To Members of the Lead Industries Association, Inc. Please find enclosed the latest issue of LIA's publication "Lead." Total circulation is approximately 85,000, the bulk of which goes to consumers and potential consumers of lead. This issue includes articles describing in detail a few of lead's many uses and the important roles lead plays in today's society. We feel that this publication would provide an excellent vehicle for informing your employees of where lead is used and indicating its commercial importance. In line with this would you consider distribution of future issues to your plant employees. Your comments would be appreciated. Sincerely, DMB:so Enc: "Lead David M. Borcina Secretary, Treasurer p *VC00000214 N10053 VOL. 34 NO. 1 1971 Tin-Lead Alloy Speeds Printed Circuit Board Manufacture Considering the millions of compo* nent leads which are soldered to cir cuit boards each day, it becomes obvious that any improvement in soldering or assembly processing can mean big savings to the volume man ufacturer. Camden Wire Company, Camden, Yew York, manufacturers of copper wire used as wire leads for capacitors, resistors, and other electronic com ponents for printed circuit boards, are able to effect such processing im provements by electroplating the wire with a tin-lead alloy so that the actual manufacture of the boards will be easier and faster. Plating of the wire with this alloy enables board manufacturers to more easily dip solder the already assem bled board. This is a result of the improved concentricity and uni formity of coating thickness com pared to other tinning methods. Camden produces plated wires in sizes ranging from 16 to 26 AWG. Capacity ranges from 50 to 500 feet per minute dependent upon the thick ness of the plate. Thickness of the coatings range from 300 to 500 mil lionths of an inch. At Camden the procedure is auto mated as follows: From 5 to 20 reels of copper wire are fed into the entry end of the electroplating line at which point the wire is first electronically cleaned. The second step consists of an acid neutralizing bath to remove the cleaning salts. And finally the wire is fed into the electroplating solution. The electrode used in the electro plating bath consists of a 20 to 35 pound tin-lead alloy anode. The anodes are made by Camden. These are melted and alloyed in an elec tric furnace and ladled into molds to form pigs of the desired size for the particular plating machine for which they are intended. Weight of the pig is dependent on which machine in which line is involved. A typical anode lasts approximately 10 days. PNTCO0G0O216 Lead Fiber Glass Combination Silences Air Conditioning Noise Vhilf modern air conditioning is unques tionably a comfort and often a necessity, it can also be annoyingly no-ir-y. For this reason the architect made sound insula tion an essential part of the construction plan for the new 340.000.000 Medical School complex at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. Several thousand feet of noisy, rattling air conditioning ducts would hardly have prov ided the ideal atmos phere for the teaching of medicine, dentistry and nursing. The original specifications for the com plex called for a duct wrapping of 1 thick fiber glass blanket covered with of plaster over metal lath. However, knowl edge of other installations plus some on scene research convinced Richard Wilson, foreman for the Parker-Fallis Insulation Company, Inc.. Dallas, sub-contractors for the insulation phase, that a 1" fiber glass blanket and 1-lb. sheet lead 11/64" thick) would do the job with less labor and equal effectiveness. fn actual fact, the lead sheet-fiber glass material and installation cost proved to be one-third of what the originally specified plaster barrier would have cost. And the installation was relatively simple, Cleveland Fabricating. Inc. laminated 1" fiber glass to a 1/64" thick lead sheeting in rolls 36" wide and 35' long. The rolls were delivered to the job on skids. The Parker-Fallis ten-man crew then completed the installation. The sheeting was installed on three sides of any duct when the fourth side abutted against a concrete ceiling or wall. Where the duct was completely in the clear, it was wrapped on all four sides. Using a conventional installation method, the lead and fiber glass laminate was affixed to the duct by forcing it over projecting studs or stick clips. These had previously been fastened to the duct surface. The lead and fiber glass laminate was then held se curely in place by means of lock nuts or speed washers slipped over the studs. The sound attenuation system involved the use of 44,000 square feet of lead sheet ing around the duct work used for air con ditioning and ventilation. Twenty-one sepa rate fan systems feed the three-building and garage complex. The three schools. Medicine. Dentistry and Nursing, all have total year-round air conditioning controlled from fourteen equipment rooms. Fan motors ranging from *4 to 100 hp gener ate the noise and vibration that dictate the sound attenuation system. As for the effectiveness of the system, two views: Mr. E. H. Parker of ParkerFallis estimated that the system cost thirtvfour cents per square foot as opposed to an estimated one dollar for the plaster bar rier--a saving of 330,000 to the school. Mr. Parker says. ``The use of fiber glasslead sheeting is the cheapest and easiest to install and it does the job best.*' Mr. Ben De John. Director of Physical Planning for the University, reports that the system has proved highly effective in the reduction of what would have been a disturbing noise level. *`To date, not one eumplaint has been registered about noise from the air conditioning system." Exterior view of Medical School complex. Seven-itory School of Medicine at right. Garage roof promenade between buildings. * Crtditsi Vtrhiteti: John William* & Aioci*te. Cleveland * Conaulting En*ioeer: Byera, Urban. tCluc k Pittenfer. Cleveland * Injulaiora: Parker-FilH* loiulition Co.. Inr-. Dali** Builder: Turner Comtructiou Co., New York Lead Work: Cleveland Fabricatiec. Inc.. Cleveland 3 Power and Passengers Trave Over 130 miles of lead-sheath cable contribute to efficiency of new subway system. V> with all large riiies i-verywhere. Mexico Citv was fared itli an increasin'! problem of mass transportation. I tilizing all tlu* rvperiem-e acquired by operating subnay systems in other cities, the Mexican Federal District Department devised an electric transportation "METRO** that easily classifies as one of the fastest, high capacity and efik lent systems in the world. When totally finished, the subway will oonsi>t of three separate hut interrelated lines totalling over 2b miles in length with 5() stations. The basic unit for the subway is a 9-ear train accommodating 1500 passengers. The ears themselves are naturally of the latest available sub* war ear design. Stations are singular in their carefullyplanned attention to eye-appealing esthetics as well as the most modern construction and layout. The stations were very earefully planned since it is the intention of the sy>tem - designers that these terminals project an ac ceptable image of the system to the riding public. Sub-soil conditions in the Mexico City area presented construction problems of unusual complexity. The soil generally is a soft, high-plasticity, sensitive,- highly-compressible and expansive day. Ground levels, of course, vary considerably from locale to locale. The area is his torically subject to earthquakes so that compensations had to he built into the system to accommodate such possibilities. And finally, soil conditions include a degree of moi-ture v>hich had to be taken into consideration in planning the all-important electric power system. Underground tunnel construction for the Mexico City subway was rejected as economically unfeasible because of the unusual characteristics of the sub-soil. As an al ternate. underground structures are actually reinforced concrete structures built in open excavations of minimum depth and width to meet design specifications. The overall control center for the system is located in a seven story building in central Mexico City. In addi tion to containing the centralized control equipment for operation of the system, it also contains the necessary controls for distribution of the electric power on which the system is run. Totally computerized, the control sys tem is capable of virtually instantaneous decisions. Sub-soil conditions and the imperative need tor flexi bility were major determining factors in selecting leadsheathed cable for the entire system. Lead's characteris tic imperviousness to moisture or corrosion, its flexibility Much of the lead sheathed cable used on the "Metro" Is carried In cable t'Jrt -'-..nted to the walls of the subway system. First Class in Mexico City Subway Even unskilled workers can quickly learn to make splices in the lead sheathed cable with a modification of the electrical wipe system. the console located in the central control building. and its lung life wheu exposed to acids and salts in soil uater filled the bill for the system's specific requirements. The cable selected wa? a 3-core. sector conductor. 300 Mem, cross-section type, with a rating of L5Kv grounded neutral and 160 amps. Altogether, over 130 miles of cable were supplied in shipping lengths of over 1200 feet. Out side diameter of the cable is about 2i,:j inches. All cables for the system emanate from the central control building and. following the three routes of the subway system, feed the rectifying stations and the pas senger stations (for lighting). The longest cable route in the system is just over 6 miles long and although it contains cable splices, it is not sectionalized. At the cable exit of the central control building all the cables are installed in the main cable gallery. From there they branch off along the different routes and are in* .-tailed in one of various ways. Depending on the specific construction requirement of any given locale; the cables are installed: 1. On cable trays on the side walls of the train tunnels. 2. In a concrete trench filled with sand, in-between the two track lines where tracks run above ground. 3. In underground duct banks running parallel to the subway lines. The cable joining method used throughout the svstem is the electrical resistance wipe joint. Four soldersealed joints are used to seal the splice sleeve to the cable sheath. The sheath area to be soldered U first tinned with a torch and solder stick. A loose-fitting lead reducer is then slipped over the sheath and tightened to induce capillary flow of the solder. A heater wire wrapped around the lapped joint raises the temperature evenly to the melt point of the solder. Solder is then fed into the hot joint to capacity. While the joint is cooling excess solder is wiped away. Perhaps the most significant aspect of the extensive cable joining installation was that it was performed by unskilled personnel who were trained specially to perform this job. Assured of a highly reliable electrical system. Mexico City's subway trains travel their modern, quiet way on a combination of pneumatic tires and flanged wheels. Guide wheels keep the trains on the tracks. With this new system Mexico joins Paris and Montreal in having i in operation \ one of the quietest, most efficient under ground mass transportation systems in the world. And lead is there! PMVCOG000219 % Personnel Protected Against Radiation Hazard by Lead Shielding 1. Prototype lead-shielded curing rooms have been developed for the automo tive industry. They are 10' x 6' x 6' with sheet lead shielding (4" thick). 2. This lead-lined inspection unit enables hardware manufacturers for America's space program to accomplish X-ray inspections for flaws in complete safety and in 85% less time. 3. This 19" X 18" x 17" safe has a lead door and 2" thick wall liner for the safe storage of radioactive isotopes. 4. The special materials that have been developed for radiation protection in clude this combinaion of V-shaped lead bricks with an intermediate layer of a boron-impregnated laminate. Advances in medical diagnostic and treatment techniques, involving the in creased use of X-rays, cobalt and other radioactive materials, have brought with them the increased need for pro tecting operating personnel from ex posure to dangerous levels of radi ation. Industrial use of radioactive iso topes, X-ray machines, accelerators and electron beam welders have neces sitated. as well, elaborate precautions to reduce overall body burdens. Even though other materials can be adapted for this use. lead continues to be the most efficient protective shield for most of these applications. Among lead's advantages are its greater density \ hence, less volume for a given shielding ability^ and its imperviousness to contamination even from continuous exposure to radi ation. How lead is most effectively used for radiation shielding depends en tirely on the given situation. Lead alone, as sheet or bricks, or in com bination with, other materials as a laminate are at! now available to ac commodate given needs. Lead and Boron Mixtures A high-flux radiation room used for the study of the biological effects of neutron radiation, as an example, is lined with an inner layer of lead for protection against gamma rays, and an intermediate layer of a boronimpregnated laminate that shields against neutrons. The lead is in the special form of V-shaped bricks that overlap to offer complete protection from the poten tial escape of "`straight ray" radiation through the joints. This lead shielding captures the decaying gamma rays and provides the necessary reduction in the dose rate--in this instance l/200th of the level that would exist without the use of lead. Another material consists of a lead powder, boron and polyethylene mix ture in a basic rectangular brick form that provides a neutron/gamma shield. Among its numerous special advantages are its availability in many special configurations and its ready machinability. When tempo rary shields offer the solution to the protection problem, this material pro vides an easy answer, as do the lead bricks previously mentioned. Quality Control for Space Exploration When part of the hardware used in America's space program posed a critical quality control problem, X-ray blocking sheet lead helped solve the dilemma. A special 8-foot high leadlined enclosure was designed within which instrument units can be X-rav inspected for possible flaws without any potential danger to inspectors and other participating workers. The new inspection unit also provided a time boon in that it cut radiographic time of individual inspections from 30 t" 4 hours. Protection for Commercial Radiation Curing process materials engineer ing experts predict that by 1975. l{> to 20% of the industrial finishing done in the United States will relv on some form of radiation processing. Clearly, lead will play an important part in the development of safe equip ment that will fulfill this prediction. Various radiation curing devices already exist, including an electron gun mounted in a lead-shielded cham ber that has vast potential for the automotive industry. The lead-shielded area replaces the conventional curing oven. In the room is a 300 kv electron gun which scans the painted material. Curing takes place literally in seconds and the heat generated in oven curing is eliminated altogether. Meanwhile, personnel are protected from the radiation by the shielding. PNYC00000220 Oper-to-th-view pavillion ears capable of handling 6 passengers traversed the fair grounds at speeds of up to 9 miles-per-hour. Seen here is the Switzerland Pavillion. This aerial view of the fair grounds at EXPO 70, Osaka, Clustered around the Pavillion of the Com Japan, indicates the vast ground to te covered by visitors. monwealth of Australia are lead acid bat Leg-weary sightseers were aided by a fleet of lead add tery-powered staff cars and (directly behind battery-powered electric vehicles. the light pole) an electric patrol car. Electrics go to the Fair Latest, and by all accounts one of the most successful of the world fairs to have domi nated the world's entertainment scene dur ing the 20th Centurv. was Japan's brilliant EXPO '70. Held in'Osaka. EXPO 70 was distinguished by a number of features, among them its huge size and record at tendance from all over the world. L'nnoticed but prominent in attendance was lead. To help insure a quiet, clean, maximumcomfort atmosphere at the fair, all vehicles were lead acid battery-powered . . . almost 300 units in all. For that matter, lead w'as almost cer tainly instrumental in getting all visitors to the fair. Foreign visitors most likely flew to Japan in jetliners insulated against engine noise with lead loaded vinyl. Any one driving to Osaka did so in an automo bile that starts with a lead acid battery. Visitors traveling from Tokyo to Osaka aboard the 130 mile-per-hour Tokaido Super Express rode under slider bars made of Bishiralloy, a lead infiltrated iron alloy designed specifically to meet the friction problems presented in electrifying the world's fastest surface transit system. The lead acid battery-powered electric vehicles in operation at EXPO '70 included a variety of types to meet a variety of de mands. Reserved for rental service were 120 open-view pavillion vehicles, each of which accommodated 6 passengers. An al ternate transportation system for the sprawling fair grounds was provided by a fleet of 70 electric taxi cabs. Securitypatrols policed the fair grounds in 44 elec tric vehicles, 28 of which were equipped with radios. The Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Company operated a fleet of 10 electric service vehicles. The remaining electrics were used for such diverse pur poses as press and publicity coverage, de liveries. lunch wagons and even a tiny fleet to handle the inevitable lost children. From start to finish, the millions of visi tors to Japan's EXPO '70 saw more, in greater comfort, with more pleasure, be cause lead was there. PNYCQOOOC221 Lead Pads Quiet Vibration in a Modern Hospital Nine years of painstaking research have gone into the planning of Bos ton's Tufts-New England Medical Center. All needs were considered: the community, hospital itself and patient. Advanced concepts of patient care dictated horizontal rather than tower layouts. This in turn made it necessary in this complex urban lo cation to secure the air rights over Boston's busy Washington Street and underground transit system. As have designers of other buildings con fronted with the same pToblem of po tentially annoying vibration, the de signers of the Center specified lead asbestos anti-vibration pads. Design for the Center is the work of The Architects Collaborative of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in close association with the medical center's own planning office. The overall ar chitectural concept consists of con tinuous layers of activity covering most of the 13-acre site. A key factor in selecting a horizontal rather than a tower layout for the complex was ex perience showing that the former al lowed for greater flexibility in assign ment of space and encourages infor mal contact among specialties--a spe cial advantage for a teaching hospital. Another design "first" was a rejec tion of the usual layout of patient rooms along a lengthy corridor in favor of a "cluster" arrangement. Nurses' stations, examination rooms, supplies, etc. are centralized with pa tient rooms surrounding them. The nurse can now enter a patient's room directly from this center core as op posed to the usual time-consuming and largely wasteful walk down cor ridors. To isolate the hospital from the in evitable noise and vibration gener ated by heavy traffic on Washington Street and the underground transit system, it was designed to rest on lead asbestos anti-vibration pads simi lar to those used in such important buildings as those in Lincoln Center in New York and the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washing ton. The pads themselves as designed for this installation, are 61/4" wide, nominally 2" thick. 4' long--bituminous-coated to protect them from the free lime in the uncured cement. The pads consist of a sandwich en closed in 8-Ib. (l/&"-thick) sheet lead envelope. The filling has a layer of Vo" asbestos roll fire felt, 12*ga. steel stiffening sheet, Vo" felt, 12-ga. steel and a third felt layer. The illustrated drawing of the ac tual pad and steel base construction shows clearly die engineering detail of this particular installation. PNTC00000222 % Space vehicles similar to the one drawn here depend on lead-dad explosive-fitted extrusions for the all important stage separation. In space... on the ground lead-clad explosive strips play vital role everyday occurrences. Demolition and fire lighting are. And varia tions of the lead-clad explosive strips used on APOLLO 11 are used daily for these purposes. Demolitions such as that of an existing bridge over the Snake River near Spokane, Washington, was ac complished by three men in three days us ing 25 pounds of Jetcord at a cost of $5,000. Original estimates of the demolition require ment for the bridge called for 1,800 pounds of explosives. Industry has turned to these new devices for special uses of its own. One unique clamplike device has been developed to cut cast iron pipe with almost machine tool precision. Other configurations of the lead-clad shaped charges are currently being used for rsuch applications as bolt breaking and joint separation. By now everyone has spent many anxious moments waiting to see if America's manned spacecrafts will successfully separate at . the pro grammed stages for the necessary "go" situation. Probably the tensest moment of all was the first stage eparation of the APOLLO 11 wuti its precious cargo of three astronauts headed for the moon. Separation, of course, went right on schedule -- thanks to a linear explosive charge consisting of V-shaped explosivefilled lead extrusion. But flights to the moon are not i 4 Fire fighting organizations, faced daily with the need to make safe forced entries into burning buildings for ventilating purposes, rescue op erations or simply to fight the fire itself, are making particular use of this -tool". A new device called "Jet Axe", by its manufacturer. Explosive Tech nology, a subsidiary of Duncommun. Inc., is as completely safe to oper ate as a power tool. Its ease of use makes it a valuable adjunct in the hands of the professional fireman. Detonation can be made by means of a 30 foot firing line from an insurably safe distance. The line actuates a spring loaded firing pin which strikes a primer similar to that con tained in a shotgun shell. The firing pin is in the handle of the device and is not attached to the firing line until the unit is prepared for use. Several sizes of the "Jet Axe" are available with lead sheathing filled with different explosive coreloads. This availability makes these units suitable for gaining entry or making ventilat ing openings in various combinations of steel, wood and masonry con structions. They are used successfully on roll-up steel doors, roof structures, concrete block, steel grill work and sheet steel up to %-inch thick. In the hands of trained firefight ers or police, these space age leadclad explosive extrusions have be come a valuable asset in saving both life and property. The forced entry device works equally well on steel gratings, steel fire doors, and cor rugated steel roll-up doors. PNTC000C0223 Red Lead "Takes the Heat" in Canal Zone Kitchen The protection of ferrous metal struc tures in the Panama Canal Zone has historically been both costly and diffi cult. The intense ultraviolet radiation, high humidity and salt-laden air pre sent hazards to ferrous metals that not even the best of the traditional organic type coatings could combat. Seeking solutions to an old prob lem. the Panama Canal Company in stituted a painting systems exposure program designed to isolate the best system!si for that type of rugged ex posure. After tuo-and-a-half years, tests show conclusively that for deck and other splash zone service, epoxy red lead, epoxy-enamel, and vinyl red lead epoxy enamel systems are stand outs among the many paint systems tested. Forty buoys or cans, located in varying exposures, were selected to undergo the test. Exposures included atmospheric, splash zone and under water: locations included heavy sea conditions, brackish water, and fresh water. The buoys were inspected at the end of one year, one and one-half years, and two and one-half years. The first two inspections entailed an examination of the deck and super structure from a 4 to 6 foot distance while standing in a boat. A large sec tion of the bottom of each buoy was then exposed for examination by tying a rope to the top and using a second boat to pull it over. The final inspection was twofold: once each buoy w as loaded on the re moval ship and again two weeks later at the repair site. This final inspec tion was very thorough, and very re vealing. since the two week exterior storage made all corroded or corrod ing areas highly visible. Inspection standards were exacting. They in cluded both an extensive review of particular conditions noted at each site as well as an over-all rating from excellent to poor. On each buoy, three areas were rated separately bottoms (subject to underwater): decks I sub ject to splashing): and superstruc tures (subject to atmospheric and salt spray corrosion). The net result of this elaborate ex periment proved that their .*......... isting paint systems which off* i . . mum of two and one-half \>-rtection and probably three ....... years protection with verv Mttl. < . tenance repair work required Hi initial costs of such sy>tmscrutinized carefully and -h.. v result in basically lower annu.il as a result of the much lonu*f !i'the protective system. The significant results of tb. -t for red lead based paint svslem*. L Bu o y bottoms primed with \ i.-. * red lead, expoxy red lead <.r pi m olic red lead in numerous in-t.n.i showed no rust whatsoever. 2. Decks painted with epoxy-red l .d epoxy enamel and with \iinl t-d lead/epoxy enamel were rated -\ celient. 3. Superstructures painted with \ uw I red lead/epoxy enamel, `.insl td lead/phenolic enamel, or ep*w red lead/epoxy enamel, wen- .ifl rated excellent. Several epoxy red lead pheit'4i> enamel systems were rated g<*od. PNVC00000224 Odds "n" ends about Lead Photo courtesy of Science Digest THE 60 FOOT LEAD FACIAL There is hardly an American who isn't aware of world-famous CJutzon Borglum's colossal sculpture at Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. The faces of four American Presidents, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abra ham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt, each 60 feet long, stand out as a genuinely huge testimonial to Ameri can folk heros. Probably no one knows, however, that the National Park Service each spring gives the four faces their an nual "facial." To preserve the monu ment for posterity, cracks in the stone and solid quartz veins are uncovered and sealed with a special mixture of linseed oil, granite dust and white lead--the solution originally specified by the sculptor when he completed the project in 1941. HIGH SPEED 8ENCH TOP SOLDERING Acccurate positioning and precise heating are major characteristics of the INFRA-DEX soldering system manufactured by Spectra Instruments, Inc., Trenton, New Jersey. The INFRA-DEX is a combination infra-red spot heater and a specially designed index table, making it ideal ly suited for high speed production. The system can repeatedly reach tem peratures in excess of 2300F within dwell times of 8-10 seconds. Work parts are loaded into the ap propriate fixtures along with the sol der (preforms or paste solder). The table is indexed either automatically or by a hand or foot switch which positions the work and triggers the infrared heat. Since the heat cycle time and tern- perature are controlled by the power supply which functions independently of die index table, molten solder is able to solidify before the table in dexes, thus avoiding cold joints. CERAMIC REMOTE CONTROL DEVICE Recently developed by RCA is a new solid-state ceramic element with elec tric properties that can be adjusted to turn on, turn, off, or smoothly vary current flow in any circuit in which it is installed. The device uses wafers made of ceramic lead zirconate/lead titanate. RCA reports that the device has long life and high reliability. Because it is made of relatively common mate rials. its fabrication is inexpensive and the associated circuitry can be quite simple. In addition, the device will retain its last setting indefinitely even if power to the circuit is shut off. Potential uses for the control de vice are both numerous and intrigu ing: remote control of lights, kitchen appliances, television, furnace ther mostat. A sophisticated model could even be used to turn on the heat or air-conditioning in an unoccupied va cation cottage by mran< of a tele phone call from the owner. The new RCA control element is the tiny rec tangular "tab'* projecting from the transistor header. CHANGE OF ADDRESS OR NEW READER Use this side of the coupon if you have recently changed your address or if you would like to be added to the mailing list for LEAD FOR CHANGE OF AOORESS PLEASE WRITE IN NUMBER FROM TOP OF AOORESS OR ATTACH OLO LABEL. (please check one) Company City, state, zip eode PLEASE CHECK INTEREST Painting Q Health A Safety Architectural & Building O Ceramics Q Chemical Engrs. C Battery Power G Miscellaneous (please specify) PNVC00000225 NEW LISTINGS The new lead belt Reprint of article details Operations at the new lead belt in Missouri. Booklet de scribes activities at four mines, four con centrators and three smelters. Twelve pages. M-16. ARCHITECTURAL Waterproofing with sheet lead A description of the use of lead as a membrane waterproofing material for lin ing- pools, planters, fountains, shower stalls and floors where positive water proofing is required. Architectural details add specifications are included. Eight pages. A-2 Lead applications for building and construction Reprint of article from Progressive Archi tecture reviewing the latest developments in the use of lead in architecture and construction. Twelve pages. A-IO PAINTS Red lead based paint systems Technical booklet lists properties and ap plications for twenty-four red lead paint systems. Specific uses. e.g. fresh water, marine, etc. suggested for a wide variety of formulations. Preparation of surfaces discussed in detail. Thirty-two pages, charts. F*1 PLUMBING Lead plumbing catalog and specifications Specifications and details for the use of lead in plumbing. Waste connections, shower and safe pans and chemical lab oratory drains are covered. Four pages. Qr2 ANODES FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION Cathodic protection for an off* shore structure A description of a lead anode protective system for a large offshore mining com plex. Lead alloy anodes were so sus pended from the structure that they could be putted up during bad -weather. Four pages, tables and illustrations. E-2 CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION & CORROSION PROTECTION Corrosion resistance of lead in chemical applications A chart presentation of the corrosion re sistance of lead and its alloys against 188 common chemicals from OMo 300F. Six pages. H-3 Lead in modem chemical construction Reprint from Encyclopedia of Chemical Process Equipment. Describes installation, proper design application, and testing of lead linings. Twelve pages, illustrated. H-l Cladding steel with lead by powder roiling A description of the roil compacting pro cess under investigation by the Interna tional Lead Zinc Research Organization. Four pages. H-4 BATTERIES A primer on the lead-acid battery A condensed story of the principles of the lead-acid battery and its chemistry, in cluding some of the fundamentals and definitions Of direct-current electric en ergy. Two pages. L*6 Industrial truck cost calculator Three nomographs permit estimation of costs for gas vs. battery powered indus trial trucks in two or three minutes. Twelve pages, charts and tables. L-l CERAMICS Classification of inorganic enamels Description of glass enamels, where they are used, and their composition. Appli cation and firing is also discussed. Six pages. B-3 SOLDERING AND WELDING Soldering alloys Describes numerous alloys used as solders and discusses advantages and drawbacks of many. Flux requirements for soldering most metals, both ferrous and non-ferrous are listed. Four pages, tables and charts. This magazine is reproduced from lead type SOUND BARRIERS Practical designs for noise barriers based on lead Seven case histories describing how sheet lead and soft leaded plastic materials make excellent sound barriers. Eight pages, charts, tables and illustrations. J-2 Plenum barriers and sound rated doors with sheet lead A detailed description of the use of sheet lead as a sound attenuation barrier for both wall plenums and sound rated doors. Bulletin includes installation details, at tenuation statistics and suggested speci fications. Four pages. J-7 ANTI-VIBRATION PADS Lead to control sound and vibration A summery of lead's use as a sound bar rier and vibration damping material. Sam ple specifications for an anti-vibration pad installation are given. Curves showing isolation achieved through use of such pads as well as sound attenuation curves for one pound lead are given. Four pages. Ways to reduce press vibration Two installations of lead asbestos pads to reduce heavy machinery vibrations. Sec tional drawings and loadings are given. Two pages, illustrated. G-l GENERAL The U.S. Lead lndustry--1969 An annual review of activity within the in dustry that contains a general summary for the year and a series of charts and tables giving current statistics on lead production and consumption. M-14 Publication! and films This booklet lists all the material currently available from Lead Industries Associa tion. Inc. Sixteen pages. M-13 Primary lead production areas in the U.S. For schools, libraries. Il"xl4" map show ing locations in U.S. of most lead smelters and refineries, and lead mines. M-ll NAME TITLE . COMPANY ADDRESS CITY ___ STATE _ZIP PLEASE SEND ME THE PUBLICATIONS MARKED BELOW T WRITE IN CODE NO. -*-TO REQUEST LITERATURE MAIL TO: LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSN. INC. 292 MADISON AVE. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 PNYC00000226