Document DMNVg1YkVB2kJ2dJNrO6Evo6M

A- 0>vkats-Illinois Glass Compaq .MANIIKACTUHUU O** *^>- (J-'S.S <ici.\ f.M N * *i CO?C*t>f.0S (;j:ni:kai. otkhjks Tom: do March 21, 1935 \c \ Dr. L. I{. Thompson, U. S. Public Health Scrvieo, Washington, D. C. "Wo r^^Cl ^ *" ee.0" Dear Dr. Thompsons- Enclosed are the initial and progress roperts of tho Temporary Organisation Committee which was formed at the conclusion of tho symposium on dust problems at Pittsburgh, January 15, 1935. Youimay have read these already, but when I hoard from Ur. IIitchins(Mr. Kitchins is President of tho Amorican Refractories Institute) that your name was not on the mailing list, I asked that ho send me those extra copies v/hich I am now forwarding. As a bystander, I have watchod the progress made by Ur. Hitchins Committee from its formation, with groat interest. This has been possible because Ur. A. Yf. Sherwood, who is Vice-President of this Company, represents the glass sand, ground sand and glass container associations on the Temporary Organisation Committee.. Through him I have seen some of the reactions of industry to the project* There has been some misunderstanding unfortunately, as to the function of the Comnitteoj although the "Narrative" i \ of tlarch 12 has undoubtedly clarified the matter,-- by re-stating that the '' Temporary Organisation Committee has for its purpose the formation of interested trade associations and individual companies into a permanent organisation which will have $25,000 to conduct a preliminary survey of the dust field -- under the guidance of an advisory board chosen from "dusty" expects, and following a detailed program tq be worked out by this board. The future of the project holds'lnony rosy possibilities that the potential benefits to investigators and field workers,-in addition to industry,itself, vhich is, of course, footing the bill -- are tremendous. Ur. Sherwood is confident of the eventual suoccss of tho Committee in collecting fifty pledges. Time is required for them to come in, and.there is much to be gained by setting up the permanent advisory board promptly. Consequently, when your itst-interested industrial friends seek your: advice, I am wondering if you will give the movement a forward boost by urging that they dig deep for their $500.CO. I mention this because apparently there are cettain companies that would join in, if they had a personal talk with someone experienced in the dust field. r Konicido Club on his mailing list, so that this gitoup -- v.'hoso service" will ascurodJ.y bo relied upon when the permanent organi;.'tion is formoil, -- may follow tho iaoa from its inception. I would appreciate having your commonts on this movement, particularly as to what rocoption it is gotting in Washington and vicinity* Sincerely, x WGHazard KB UJ. 7. TT^r^^l P. S. There are now 14 pledges, three more than Mr. Uitchins roported on March 12. Perhaps the snowball is beginning to roll*' W.G.E. \  r.j*-5'ar<TTr Temporary Organization Committee Industual Dust Pnoauu February 5th, 1935. Room 909 1606 Wajlkvt Stuct PanAcann*. Pa. REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE TEMPORARY ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE WHICH WAS ELECTED AT THE "SYMPOSIUM ON DUST PROBLEMS" HELD AT PITTSBURGH, PA., JANUARY 10, 1936. \ Dear Siri All individuals who attended the Symposium on Dust Problems held at Pittsburgh, Pa., January 16, 1935 and all Trade Associations which were addressed by Dr. Woidlein of Mellon Institute under date of December 1, 1934, are receiving copies of this letter. The purpose of this letter is to ask if your Company or your Trade Association (as the case may be) will subscribe an amount not to exceed $600.00 for the establishment of a Coordinating Agency as the first movo toward a study of tho many existing phases of the indus trial dust problem, togother with a recommendation based on that study as to ouch furthor concerted action as may be possible and proper for all industry. , At an initial ovor all cost of $25,000.00 when pro-ratod amongst the subscribers to the movement, tho individual contributions required may bo very mater-iall7 loss than $500.00 each, depending on the number of subscribers. The enclosures will furnish full information to c-nablo you to judge whether tho plan proposed has sufficient merit to justify its cost, and whether your Comp an7 (or your Trade Association) should properly chare in initial cost on a pro-rata basis. "ifriAV Sr'Tftiirtii Pago 2. It is of groat importance that whatever is to be done should be started quickly. May I, therefore, ask that you reply to this letter as promptly as is possible? Yours very truly, Roger A. Hitchins Chairman, Temporary Organization Committee Elected in Pittsburgh, January 15, 1955. Enclosures: (1) A brief outline of the events leading up to and occurring at the "Symposium on Dust Problems" held in Pittsburgh, Pa., January 16, 1935. (2) A brief outline of the discussion and action taken by the Temporary Organization Committee on January 15, 1935. (3) A brief outline of the discussion and action taker, by the Temporary Organization Committee at a spec ial meeting held at the Duquesne Club, Pittsburgh, Pa., on Friday, February 1, 1935. (4) Copy of a letter from Dr. E. R. Weidlein, Director of Uellon Institute dated January 21, 1935, together with a copy of the "Plan for Study of Dust Problems" referred to in Dr. Weidloin's lettor. (5) A tentative "Program of Initial Activities" (for a correlating agency) arranged in somewhat different form but which has the approval of Mellon Institute. (6) A Form of Lettor fer your reply, which is suggested for your guidance, if your Company or Trado Associa tion (e.s the case ra;'.y bo) is willing to participate in this movement. oo cunringTo.;_____________ S 1 ln'Pitt'sburgli^g^S^illa&r On December 1, 1934',. PrT~E. RJEWogilSL-__ Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, atTl'ttab'iu?!_____ more than eighty industries, in connection wlthy<Eh`etaS'i?|___ industrial dust hazards. There are various types;o 'dust diseases', known generally as pneumonoconiosis are silicosis, asbestosis, anthracosis, siderosis, and numerous^ others. Dr. Weidleln's letter was written at the request of a few of the industries, in which the dust hazard exists, in an effort to determine whether sufficient interest existed to warrant having a meeting for a general discussion of this question, and with the basic idea that if such a meeting could be he%ld it might be possible to establish a coordinating agency for the* collection of all available data on silicosis and other dust diseases and its dissemination to the interested industries, and with the further thought that such an agency would later develop into a coordinating and planning body. The response to Dr. Weidlein's letter was immediate and represented a large percentage of the industries to whom the orig inal letter had been sent. In view of the wide-spread interest, Mellon Institute proceeded with arrangements for a "Symposium on Dust Problems", This meeting was held at the University Club, at Pittsburgh, Tuesday, January 15, and addresses were made by the following: Ur. A. C. Hirtb Williams, Eversman & Morgan Toledo, Ohio Dr. R. R. Sayers Medical Officer in Charge U. S. Public Health Service Washington, D. C. Dr. A. J. Lanza Assistant Medical Director Metropolitan Life Insurance Co, New York, N. Y. Dr. Eugene P. Pendergrass X-Ray Laboratory University Hospital Philadelphia, Pa. Prof. Philip Drinker School of Public Health Harvard University Boston, l/ass. Enclosure (1) Page 2. Ur. F. Robertson Jones General Manager, Association of Casualty and Surety Ezeoutives New York, N. Y. Donald E. Cummings Assistant Director, Saranac Laboratory for Study of Tuberculosis Edward L. Trudeau Foundation Ironwood, Michigan Dr. Samuel R. Haythorn Director, Singer Memorial Laboratory Pittsburgh, Pa. Dr. Weidlein, of Mellon Institute, in opening the meeting explained that the interest of the Institute was simply the desire to assist industry toward a realization of the problem and the development of a possible program of activity. No reporters were present at this meeting and no stenographic notes were kept. Atten dance was by registration only and there were present nearly two hundred representatives of many of the important industries who are affected by the dust problem. (' At the conclusion of an excellent and extremely informative program, on motion from the floor a nominating committee was appointed to submit names of individuals in industries who would form a Tempor ary Organization Committee to develop plans and make a definite written recommendation to all of the registered attendance at the meeting, as well as to those industries originally invited, as to the formation of a permanent organization and its purposes. The industries represented grouped themselves into seven general classos and tho Nominating Committee report consisted of the nominations for a Temporary Organization Committee, with one represonotative for each of the following Groups of Industry: GROUPS OF INDUSTRY I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Asbostoa, Cork and Non-metallic. Chemical, Abrasives, Alloy and Non-ferrous Metals. Foundries. Glass Sand, Ground Sand and Glass Manufacturers. Iron, Stoel and Iron Ore. Lime, Limestone, Cement and Gypsum. Refractories, Ceramics and Clays. meeting. The roport of tho nominating committee was accepted by the .T ROGER A. HITCHINS, Chairman, TemporaryOrganization Committee -->3 ^.. .V , . _____g' Enclosure (2) A brief outline of the discussion and action taken by the Temporary Organization Committee on January 15, 1935, Following the adjournment of the general Meeting in the late afternoon of January 16, 1935, a meeting was held of the Temporary Organization Committee at which time the under signed was elected Chairman of the Committee. The Committee was of the opinion that Uellon Institute of Industrial Research, Pittsburgh, was better qualified to con duct this work than any other agency. The Chairman was there upon instructed to request Uellon Institute for a proposal which would outline the work which they would expect to do oh Silicosis Z' ' and other Dust Problems and the cost of doing it, in case industry w in general desired the establishment of such a coordinating agency. ROGER A. HITCHINS, Chairman. Temporary Organization Committee. * v' ^........ nclosure (3) A brief outline of the discussion and action taken by the Temporary Organization Committee at a special meeting held at the Duquesne Club, Pittsburgh, Pa., on Friday, Page 1 February 1, 1935,___________ ' ___________ On call of the Chairman, the Temporary Organization Committee met at Pittsburgh on Friday, February 1st, 1935. Judging from the keen interest displayed at the "Symposium on Dust Problems" held in Pittsburgh, January 15th, 1935, it was the desire of those in attendance that a coordinating and correlating agency should be established for the purpose of making a complete study of all of the existing facts concerning the many phases of the industrial dust problem as affecting all Industry, and a recommendation based thereon as to future action. % The letter from Dr. Weidlein of Mellon Institute dated January 21st, 1935, together with the "Plan for Study of Dust Problems" was road and discussed. The maximum co6t for the first year or for the first period of this work, which is estimated to require from six months to a year's time, will be $25,000.00. The plan provides for the possible establishment of a per manent organization to be known as the Industrial Dust Institute (or by whatever other name may be selected) to be associated with Mellon Institute, and the details of whose membership and their contributions may be kept at,Mellon Institute and will be entirely confidential. Such permanent organization when formed to be directed by an Advisory Committee which will be elected by the contributing members, and whose function will be similar to that of a Board of Directors in co-operation with Mellon Institute in carrying out the purposes of the new Association. A somewhat rearranged "Suggested Program of Initial Activi ties" for the correlating agency covering medical, preventive, legal, legislative and' publicity features of tho industrial dust problem was prepared and discussed with representatives of Mellon Institute and was approved by thomv From tho fact that a number of interested industries have already expressed their willingness to underwrite this program to the extent of 500.00 each for tho first year it appeared to tho Temporary Organization Committee that tho coot per individual contributor will be relatively small when considering the benefits which may result. The actual oxpcr.ses will be pro-rated among those subscribing, thus if fifty members v.ill underwrite proportionately the amount will be exactly S500.00 each. If eighty participate tho amount will be 'only .slightly more than S300.00 each, and less in the .event of a larger number of subscribers. If tho entire 25,000.00 is not required for the first phase of the work any balance will be carried over for future activities . JSi- Enclosure (3) Page 2. or can be refunded proportionately to the contributors. The Temporary Organization Committee feels that the import ance of this subject to industry can scarcely be over-estimated; - and that this appears to be a most opportune time for all industry at reason- ' able cost to attempt to gather together in a central agency all of the existing information of all kinds on this subject as a basis for de termining what further activities along this line are necessary or practical. The Dust Problem in every industry raises certain problems common to all, such as those concerned with Engineering (respirators, dust elimination and prevention), and the Medical, Legal and Legislative aspects. x The Chairman of the Temporary Organization Committee wa3 thereupon directed to write to each individual who was present at the Symposium on January 16, 1935, as well as to the more than eighty Indus trial Trade Associations who were addressed by Mellon Institute under date of December 1, 1934; - and transmit to them (a) the development leading up to and occurring at the Symposium on January 16, 1935, and fb) the developments occurring at the organization meeting of the Temporary Organization Committee on January 15, 1935, and (c) the plans proposed by and approved by Mellon Institute as to initial activities and objectives, and (d) a report of the discussions and recommendations of the Temporary Organization Committee meeting in Pittsburgh on Friday, February 1, 1935, and he was directed to request that those addressed should respond promptly with an indication as to whether or not they will support a permanent organization on the basis outlined. ROGER A. HITCHINS, Chairman; Temporary Organization Committee. ~',rT7t!frpK>& ------ MELLON INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Enclosure (4) Page 1 Pittsburgh, Pa. January 21, 1935 Ur. Roger A. Hitchins, President, American Refractories Institute, No. 1608 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Uy dear Ur. Hitchins: In accordance with your request as Chairman of the Organiza tion Committee which was formed at the conference on dust problems held in Pittsburgh on January 15, we are giving you our ideas regarding the important problems involved and the type of organization that should be established. I am enclosing a plan for the study of dust problems and the organization chart. If this work were to be centralized in Mellon Institute, it could be carried out as a part of our air hygiene research. The director appointed to handle the investigation would also be the head of the institution or organization which the industries would set up. In this v/ay, the work could be carried out in a most confidential manner as to who was supporting the research and no one would know what industries or Individuals were contributing to the fund. This would enable, the organ ization to get soundly established, so that if later on it was desired to come out in the open this could be arranged. Hoping that this gives you the information which you wish, I am Sincerely yours,. (signed) E. R. Weidlein ERW-W enclosures Director COPY Enclosure (4) Page 2 Plan for Study of Dust Problems Organization of the Industries. It is necessary that there be some organization representing industries for the reason that no program of research investigation could be carried on without assurance of continuity and financial support. Such assurance could be given only by some body that had authority to speak for a sufficient number of in dustries or companies, and might be called The Industrial Dust Institute. If it seems inadvisable to effect such a separate organization, for reasons that may be sound, it is suggested that a group of individuals be chosen from industries or companies, such a group to be called, for example, Industries Advisory Board for the Study of Dust Problems. Affected industries and/or individual companies could contribute to this Board, which in turn could make contracts and disburse the monies. The other primary functions of the Institute or Board would be to select the cen tral agency to administer the activities later referred to in some detail (called, for convenience, the research agency), to keep in touch with that central agency, advise with it as to tho program of work, and aid it in other obvious legitimate ways. Obviously, such central agency must be independent of any specific industry or group, it must have a broad outlook, a sympathetic understanding of the problem, and wide contacts with all cooperating agencies; ar.d it must have the confidence of the industries,- and of the physicians, engineers and all institutions, groups or individuals who might cooperate to advantage. The work of the research agency. Of primary importance in the initial stage is the collection of available data published and, as far as possible, unpublished. These data must then bo evaluated and correlated, and in this phase of the work it is assumed that it will be possible to secure the advice and cooperation of the recognized specialists in the fields of medicine, law, chemistry, physics and engineering. Evaluation should include the weeding out of data that cannot be considered as authoritative. It will then be possible to prepare a comprehensive program designed to provide the industries concornod with legitimate protection. In preparing to work out such a program, it would bo necessary to compile a list of specialists in all fiolds who are engaged in a study of dust problems; to have determined any among them who may not be properly qualified and whose results might, therefore, not be entirely acceptable; to attempt as far as feasible to have investigational work corrolatod and synchronized; to bo in position to make reasonable grants to qualified individuals or agencies to study special problems or phases of problems. Somo of tho aspects that occur to mind are: (a) The pathological and psychological effects of dusts of various kinds, alone ar.d in combination; for this a classification of dusts is necossary. V .V Enclosure (4) Page 3 / Important from both medical and legal standpoints is the preparation of f court cases. On the medical side is also plant hygiene, insofar as it is affected by industrial dusts and fumes. (b) A study of sampling devices and sampling methods, with the idea of further developing standards, and also to attempt to provide plant officials with simple portablo apparatus which, while neither as delicate nor as accurate as the standard equipment, will enable them to keep a regular check on plant conditions and to know when the danger line is approached. (c) Study of existing methods and cooperation in the development of improve ments designed to minimize dust and fumes in the plant, as well as protec tive measures for workmen. (d) Dissemination, through proper channels, of authoritative information. (e) Maintaining contact as closely as possible with independent agencies and cooperating agencies engaged in studies of phases of the problem, and a program of such research experimentation as may be indicated. (f) Study and synopsis of existing pertinent legislation (including compensa tion), and assistance in tho preparation of 6afety codes and fair laws. The place to start is in the collection and evaluation of available data, which must precede tho formulation of the longer-time program. III. Estimate of cost, (a) Tho cost, if any, of operating the parent organization or Board. (b) Cost of research agency. It is estimated that for the initial work of collecting and ovaluating available data and preparing authoritative abstracts for dissemination, surveying tho field and formulating a long-time program of constructive work, notiess than $25,000 should be appropriated. The time necessary for this initial phase cannot be predicted with cer tainty, but it is estimated that at least six months and not more than a year will be roquired. After the conclusion of this period, it is certain that an effective pro gram can be developed and would require a substantially larger budget. IV. Organisation chart. Tho plan outlined above is shown broadly in the accompanying chart. -sitefrf. . -eiSsjisaiibi&wr--. .......... ..... -i' 14. sura m age 1 CORRELATING AGENCY SUGGESTED PROGRAM OF INITIAL ACTIVITIES MEDICAL . (1) Secure from medical profession and health authorities as complete as possible Information covering past and present research on Industrial Dust diseases. (2) Study the assembled data and report and recommend (a) as to what phases have duplication of effort and (b} as to what phases should have further research; with the objective of enlisting the cooperation of American Medical Association in setting up authoritative and approved standards of diagnosis and correction. PREVENTIVE. (1) Secure from all possible sources the existing available data on Industrial Dust hazards, (2) Study the assembled data and report and recommend (a) as to present means of eliminating or minimizing those hazards and (b) as to what further should be done in that direction; with the objective of setting up author itative and approved standards for the control of industrial dusts which, if complied with by industries, or by industrial companies, will act as a defense against personal injury suits. LEG All. (1) Secure from all affected industries their present exper ience as to personal injury suits and claims growing out of Industrial dust hazards and claimed diseases; in complete detail as to name of claimant, amount Involved, court of jurisdiction, prosecution and defense counsel, character of suit (or claim) together with a history of closod cases and the status of pending suits or claims. (2) Study the assembled data and report and recommend (a) as to the aggregate amount of monoy loss which industry has experienced and with which industry is threatened as a whole and by divisions and (b) as to the Instances where the situation appears to be a "racket" against industry and (c) what concerted action may be possible to be taken in pending cases and claims; with the objective of en listing the co-operation of the American Bar Association and local Bar Associations in stopping the "racket." LEGISLATIVE. (1) Socuro from all Staten and Territories copies of existing or pending logislativo enactments and existing court docisior.s affecting the dust hazard in industry, whether W.V/v'. y&tt'si Enclosure (5) Page 2. LEGISLATIVE. (Contd) workman's compensation or occupational disease or common law. (2) Study the- assembled data and report and recommend (a) as to existing laws which properly protect both employer and employee and (b) as to such existing laws as do not properly protect both employer and employee; with the objective of securing the enact ment of State laws, of a uniform character, which* when compiled with, will fairly and properly protect the interest of industry and of those engaged in industry and of enlisting the co-operation of the Federal Government in that direction. PUBLICITY. Consider and recommend (a) the manner in which affected industries may be informed and be kept informed as to all phases of the industrial dust problem and (b) the manner in which governmental agencies and the public may be informed and be kept informed, and the propriety and advisability of doing so, as to the measures which are being and should be taken in the direction of protecting both human life and property. Enclosure (6) Ur. Roger A. Hitchins, Chairman Temporary Organization Committee Room 909, 1608 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Penna. Dear Sir: We have your letter of February 6, 1935 and accompany ing copy of letter from Uellon Institute of Industrial Research, % outlining a program for the study of industrial dust hazards. We are in full agreement with this program and with the method suggested for putting it into effect. We understand that the estimated expense for the first year is 825,000. In consider ation of other similar contributions, we agree to contribute toward the initial expense of such a program the sum of five hundred dollars- (?500) with the understanding that if the total contribu tions exceed 825,000, the amount of our contribution is to be proportionately reduced. It is our understanding that when sufficient contri butions have been received, a mooting of the contributors will be called for the purpose of effocting a permanent organization, and that contributions will be payable at such timos as the directors of tho proposed organization shell call for payment. Yours truly, n Temporary Organization Committee Industrial Dust Problem Room 909 1608 Walkvt Street Pwladiukia. Pa. March 12, 1935 Dear Sirt This Progress Report is being sent to all individuals and all organizations who were addressed by me under date of February 6th, 1935 or who have since been sent copies of that letter ^nd enclosures. As of Saturday, March 9th, responses to a total of approx imately 375 letters have been as follows: 11 have agreed to co-operate in the movement, and contribute up to 0500.00 on a pro rata, basis as outlined. 32 Trade Associations or individual companies have indicated an interest and have said that their governing body - or their membership Is being canvassed for authorization. 24 Trade Associations or individual companies have said they are not interested. 300 (approximately) letters have not been replied to. The response, Indicated above, does not seem at all dis couraging. It is realized that the time element has to function in the face of other pressing matters. There is still, howover, a need for the quick formation of a permanent organization, if one is to bo formed, The enclosed memoran dum outlines the conception of tho Chairman and at least some of the members of tho Committee as to tho reasons for and proper function of tho Temporary Organization Committee. It is hoped this will clear up several quite apparent misunderstandings and thus speed the conclusion. Yours truly, Roger A. Hitohins Chairman, Temporary Organization Ccramittoe'. VU. C'A'U* 246 TEE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE TABLE 6.--SUMMARY OF DETERMINATION OF DUST CONTENT OF ATMOSPHERE OF WORKROOMS AND OTHER PLACES AMnX MO. nOCKU AMO 909XCX Of lAJCPtX LOCAL StCBAtTST vzjmtaATIOK TO t%ocm OR MOT OTttCII raocuita IN SAMS ROOM so. or rsnctxr- PCSCCMT* PAR AOC ACC TICLES 2m AMO 7.Su AND Ptlt C.C. ON DC* UMOCS I. 1/3 2. 1/S 3. 1/3 4. 1/7 S. 1/6 6. 1/S 7. 1/1 S. 2/U 9. 2/1 10. 2/14 1L 2/10 12. 2/S 13. 2/7 14. 2/9 13. 3/1 16. 3/4 17. 3/3 IS. 3/5 19. 3/3 20. 4/1 21.4/1 22. 4/3 23. 4/4 34. 4/3 23.4/5* 28. 4/6 27. 4/7 38. 4/9 29. 4/10 30. 4/11 31. 4/12 32. 4/13 33. 3/1 34. 6/3 33. 6/3 38. 8/9 37. 6/6 Carding; pn|(*i)r between card* Spinning Cloth wearinc, dry Openiac Slorioc; JhoTtiiflf fiber oa to titrt FUitiac Office OSes Cloth wearing Spi&Aia( Mattresa making; ffiliag Mattraa making; beating, damp Maltreat making; beating, dry IliUna making; after filling 2 mattreaiu Band wearing, wet Openiac Cardiac; between card* Cardiac; feeding card Offiu Mattns* maicicc; Slliac Mattrtu making; filling banket Emptying tattling chamber Same laaulatiac tectioss; lereling Sber Cardiac; tide of dirty card Cardiac; ead of dean card Cardiac; feediac card doth wearing, very aiichtly damp Cloth wearing, damp Braidinc Spinnioc Office Band wearing, dry Oath wearing, dry Band wearing, dry Opening Cardiac; feediac card Yea No No Yea No No a. ... No No Yea Yu Yu Yu No Yu Yu Yu No No No No No Yu Yu Yu No No No No e.a No Yu Yu Yu Yu Yu 2,139 81.3 Yu 1,436 Yea 1,736 Yu 2,384 Yu ?,829 93.9 84.1 80.9 S3.0 No 1,687 99.0 eo 901 98.6 ... 1,480 98.7 Yu 1,738 S8.9 Yu 1.073 96.2 No 9S5 92.3 No 970 83.9 No 1,829 36.9 .Vo 1,204 96.6 No 808 No 2,313 Yu 1,328 Yu 1,321 e.o 1,049 Yu 1,838 Yu 1,390 98.6 77.7 82.3 82.9 98.3 80.1 .... Yu 3,401 Yu 4,711 Yu 1,838 e * .... .... No 1,402.- No 1,092 No 1,689 Yu 3,033 .... Yu 738 Yu . 80S Yu 934 e 889 Yu 3,202 No 533 No 701 Yu 60 Yu 362 .... ........ .... .... .... .... .... .... 93.1 100.0 96.7 93.7 97.8 99.0 100.0 100.0 98.6 100.0 98.1 93.8 98.6 99.4 100.0 96.6 97.4 96.4 100.0 90.1 ..... ..... ..... ..... lh. uw (1 i J 5 3 PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN ASBESTOS WORKERS 247 TABLE 6.--Continued iautu no. PHOCttS AND ftOBflCS OP fcUfttX U>CAle EXHAUST VENTILA TION TO PBOCS34 OH HOT OTTTER moc* E94CS 1* SAMS ROOM no. or fERCEXT- PERCENT fAll- AOI AGE TTCLSA ll AND 7.5** and ru c.c. UNDER rosea js. 6/4 39. e/s 40. e/7 ti. e/a 43. 7/3 43. 7/1 44. 7/3 43. 7/4 46. 7/3 47.7/6 44. 7/7 49. 4/3 SO. 1/3 51. 1/3 Cardins; center of room Cardiac; grinding rollers Spinning Office Goth wearing, dry Opening; shoveling fiber into box Opening Band weaving, wet Spinning Carding; between cards Office Goth wearing, dry Band wearing, dry Carding Yes Yee No ... Yee Yee Yee No No Yes No No Yes Yea 633 Yes 340 Yee 633 . . . 666 Yee 4.6SS Yee 4.SS0 .... ..V .... .... .... Yee 6,324 \... Yee 3,333 Yee 6,344 .... Yes 4,607 ... 3,413 Yes 1,287 34.6 Yes 1,233 78.3 Yes 1,193 67.2 94.9 93.7 94.9 tent iru determined by means of Ovens' jet apparatus. Eero also the undetermined effect of dust from neighboring processes must bo noted. Nerertheicss some informationof prac tical value was obtained. Reference to Table 6 shows that the counts ranged from 50C to 6,324 particles per cubic centimeter in the air of workrooms, and from 666 to 3,413 per cubic centimeter in the air of offices associated with the factories. In some eases them was a smaller count in a workroom than In on office of the same factory; this was duo either ta them beingmuch fewer smoke particles in the air of the workroom, or to adher ence of the smoko particles to the inorganic dust in tho workroom. Tho character of the dust in tho two cases is, however, entirely different. In tho air of the office almost all the particles ora black, or brownish, and amorphous, evidently smoke; in the air of the workrooa, the majority of the particles are, just as clearly, crystalline particles of asbestos, to gether with, frequently, some cotton fibers and numbers of black and brown ish particles, some adherent to asbestos spicules and some free. Most of the latter are iron containing and are derived from tho asbestos, and there ere relatively few smoke particle). Iso lated golden-brown scales or plaques, also derived from the asbestos, are scattered about the field. The asbestos fiber first fragments longitudinally, and apparently this process can go on indefinitely, since there is no ultimato fiber comparable to a vegetable fiber such as cotton. Tho dust collected in the Owens appa ratus contains numbers of these very fino fibers--some about 0.5 micron in transverse diameter, many less--which have fragmented transversely. Thus spicules of very divetso length---up to v-t IS su. < Pu5