Document DMKMEgR4dVOM2pp0xdXq7dwoN

Dr, John Koenig Director, School of Ccrsnics, Rutgors University Chairman, L.IJU Ceramic Technical Committoo Tha Ceramics Tochnioal Committee not informally for tho first tino in July, 1955 to consider whether any activities on tho part of tho Association sight t improve tho market for lead in all branchos of tho coranic industries and, if so, what stops sight bo recomnondod to the Association's Industry Dovolopaont and Exocutivo 0omitWos At this nooting it was unanimously foil that there is a sItable narket for load products in the coraalc industrios which night bo further dovolopod. As a first stop it was docldod to rocomond that all availablo informa tion on the use of load in coranics be gathered into a manual for circulation to potpLo connected with tho ceramic industrios, and that this manual bo followed by rupploaonts as now information became available. Until the so sWpa woro taken it ras not felt that advertising or research should bo considered since in tho prcxnss of gathering the information for tho manual loop-holes and woak spots in our knowledge would bo developed- Those rocoomondatlons wore prosontod W tho Association's Industry Dovolopaont and Exaoutlvo Comnitteos, together with a rocoooendation for an ap propriation of $18,000 W carry tho work W tho and of 1956. Approval was granted i and the Committoo sot formally in Sopteabor, It is composed oft Representing John T, Ayers, Jr, Willlan J. Baldwin Thomas'b . Blair Dudley H. Kaskoll Arthur Knight Willard MidgetW John S, Sordyka Evans Load Division, national Lead Co* Titanium Alloy Manufacturing Division, Rational Load Co, Wostorn Load Products Co, W, P, Puller & Co, Easton Load Co, (Qliddon Co,} Eaglo-Pichsr Co, Hammond Load Products Co, I was rotainod as consultant to tho Association on ceramic mattors and Oloctod chairman of the Comnittoo* Tho ConsitWo members dividod tho task of covering all phases of the uso of load in coranics and individually submitted tholr reports W tho Associa tion's Secretary for tho compilation of tho first draft, A second mooting was hold during Fobruary during which areas nooding noro atWntion woro discussed, Tho manual is now nearing completion and should bo published in tho orrly stumer, * Prosontod at tha 28th Annual Mooting, Load Industries Association, April 2L-25, 1956, St, Louis, Mo, -2- A list of about 14,000 coranlo pcoplo has boon compilod from national and stato ceromic association rosters to rocelvo this brochure and subsoquont additional material. Tho many usos of load in ceramics are to bo referred to in tho manual, Soao of thoso aro old ostablisbod users, some rocontly dovulopod and othors in tho rosearch stago but look promising. All dopond on ono or noro of tho uniquo proportios which load imparts to ceramics, end no other material will servo tho purposo. Examples of Established Osos Wo might briofly rofor to aovorsl of thoso unique proportios in connoction with soao of tho old ostablisbod usos of load in ceramicsi (a) As a component of glaze compositions, tho uso of load compounds providos many advantages, o.g., groator fluidity and widor softening ra;ago, iaprovod toxturo and smoothness of surfaco, groator brilliance and gonorally a more fool-proof glaze. Thoso advantages along with othors (e.g. thorcal expansion and olastlc moduli considorations) make load a highly vrluod lngrodient f a nuobor of white waro glazes for dimonrare and tableware, various typos of coranie tile, and for china plumbing fixtures. (b) High ind&x of refraction, along with other favorable proportios ac counts for tho use of load glasses for optical purposes and for tho finest quality stemware and art glass. (c) Load glass is used widely for electrical and electronic applications because of tho cxcollont electrical proportios and working characteristics igpartod ty load. Examples of usos hero includo stem and exhaust tubing, noon-sign tubing, end television picture tubos. Load glasses havo othor important uses, o.g., re flective glass beads. s" (' (d) Load is commonly used in tho dry Frocoss onarullng of cast iron both in tho ground coat and covor coat onanals. Tho main advantages impart by load for this application rosult from groator smoothness and brilliance derived from its high fluxing proporty coupled r/ith incrocsod resistance to chipping and inprovod olasticity. Spocific (examples of this uso Includo bath tuba and othor vitroous cnamolod cast iron sanitaryware. Examples of Relatively Kow Usos of Loah 'in Coramic Products S Hero arc somo cxanplos of relatively now usos of load In coramic productsI (a) Load is an important raw material in tho only satisfactory onnnel for aluminum providing a donso, hard surfaco and providing a maturing temperature in a wide firing range woll below tho tenporcturo which vould bo dotrimontal. to the alu minum base. High hopes aro hold for tho futuro of this material. j * ASK-- 'S'&Zvffiy .7Vy#'."'' ^4? 946 , ;J / (b) Load glasos for coranie dioloctrlc bodios hovo boon proven to bo superior to all othor typo coatings In maintaining high resistivity under oxtroao conditions of humidity and tonporaturo. Tho princlplo uao horo is in coating tho nany ceramic dialoctrio parts used os such or in components for high frequency oloctronie oquipcant such as radar. (c) High load glassos ns a rosult of thoir high doniity and opacity to radioactive onorgy aro finding uso as n shielding notorial in radiation protective windows. Rocont Dovolopcants Rocont dovolopcants includo nary suggostod uniquo usos of load in cornaio produets. (a) Load oxido-basod piozooloctric corcalcs for sensing olenonts in ac celerometers, sound dotoe tors, ultrasonic dwicas and transducers. Even with a complete replacement of tho prosontly usod material, tho tonnago usod tare would bo small. This is in contrast to tho next item which would involve considerably more material. However, thoro aro numeral small tonnage usos which would augment the larger usos. (b) Ultra low loss high froquoncy insulation for electronics. Two types of bodios containing hO to 7C5C load bisilicato havo boon developed which have zero shrinkage, These provide for easier fabrication of parts whoro extronely close tolorancos aro proroquisito. The trend towards higher froquoncy oloctronie equip ment has required tho concurrent development of ultra low loss ceramic, Tho boat ceramics Bade to dato require, the prosonco of load in thoir formulation. Sponsored research nay help stimulate tho extended uso of lead, Ono example night bo noted - tho enameling of motels othor than aluminum* o,g., enameling of shoot stool with load boaring onaaols which aro not now uaod for this purpose to ary largo oxtant and offer an oxtonsivo narkot. This Is receiving considorable attontlon but on a confidential compcry basis and it is difficult to socuro specific information on this since thoro aro no publications. Sponsorship of resoarch in saloctod areas such as this would rosult in publications which would accelerate tho uso of load in specific applications by making tho results gonorally available. Tho Tochnical Conmittoo nay rocommand to tho Association's Industry Dovclop- nont and Exocutivo Conmittoos at tho proper tino specific programs in selected areas whore they boliovo most good will bo accomplished in extending tho uso of load in eoranles, Tho Tochnical Consalttoo is optinistic in its outlook ef tho good which can bo accoaplishod by the Association's efforts not simply from tho standpoint of lrw cronsed sales of load to this industry but also in tho continuod dovolopmont of special eoraoic products which aro suporior os a rosult of the use of load chondcals. > r f J LIA20947 4'S-., **& 'MXntA, - it - ................... Sovoral proposals of rosoorch studlus havo already boon rocelvod bat your Tachnical Coamittco folt that it was too soon to consider undertaking such 1 studios, l.o,, prior to caroful considorotlon on tbo Cocnitt<jo*8 part os to which avenues would bo most profitable. Getting back to tha brochure, it is the Comittoo*s intention to mako this manual into a valued sourco of information including data, formulas, biblio- graphy, a chapter on handling of load, end also a chapter on availability of lead chemicals and dopondabllity of future load supplies. Tho wide varioty of properties to bo discussed will servo to emphasise tho great versatility of lead compounds in rxnsrcua ceramic formulations and will help to explain why lead can do so many things so well* < i/ i! w V" -1'wW l'1 B'IL!A 'i