Document DM0b7rNdwZk9emNokm0J56VwN

T. B. BONNEY PITTSBURGH OFFICE - 6 F I LE MEMORANDUM J ML. 1984 April 13 RE: CONTROL OF FRIABLE ASBESTOS Enclosed is a copy of a booklet published by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency concerning the control of friable asbestos in buildings. Although the booklet contains information about regulations in the United States, much more space is devoted to appropriate control measures irrespective of regulation. As such, we can recommend it as a good general reference on asbestos control. We hope you find it useful. T. B. BONNEY TBB:bep Enclosure Distribution: A. K. Jankiewicz B. J. Chesson M. Leroy M. F. Born S. Knott S. L. Vazquez G. A. Q. Ophuis R. Karstensen J. Rob A. Correia S. B. West - Pt. Henry Works, Australia - Kwinana Works, Australia - Pinjarra, Australia - Pocos de Caldas, Brazil - Kingston, Jamaica - Veracruz, Mexico - Drunen, Netherlands - Mosjtfen, Norway - Farsund, Norway - Suralco, Paranam Operations - Waunarlwydd, Swansea, Wales ALCOA0000008713 J*mJL *'"' r-u q^Ja ~ Pj^ a. &*+' CoSFO'rf&L C, r po*? Aoy^ f<c. /( Ujj JlZG P Ogcu^L w J~>^rC7 *ZSL*C h/i b r^T" f'^ ^ s* c*t-~ , ''- /VU^*wv V ^ l/^*X_ &VJUX<>(y4r*jj(lj 'sfotU-4AJ}*l<J / C? jjJJub^i StXjU j -/ ' -- - ^ Jua-*J scu; <r //, jrq jti^Jj ; <t/3<? '&d >/ ai (JjmJ. v M^c-J jCisTydA >SA:frtaL(_ 'b-+J xP^bPuu^cxO ^ro <f6^ (Q*** Wv<y ^ 2 : ^tfy-L ^i^ri Oj^j C^-p-yJ i V\S a ! & i.t-,.- /^ e/V? / /-<,fictj W^QsVy U~f :-. 3 . ^4 /2- Q ALCOA iSOI Aicoa Sw^"*; Ptl*Durg* Pnn*.i.a* a *5`9 ALCOAOOOOOQ8714 ^iw> / ALCOA HU ^yyu^ U/ti t /o *//.5~c^1l v/3^. " ALCOA0000008715 .\ r. 1984 March 19 FILE ALCOA National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA 22161 Gentlemen: Confirming my phone conversation of March 16, we would like to order the following: 12 copies - "Guidance for Controlling - $11.50 Friable Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings"/ *' EPA Report 156.0/5-83-002 Upon contacting your EPA Region III Asbestos Coordinator at the phone number indicated, we learned that single copies, only, were available free of charge- Enclosed is our check in the amount of $138 to cover the cost of our order. Thank you for your prompt attention to our request. Very truly yours. .LCQA Elle Sasinoski Secretary to E. E. Rumberger Aluminum Company of America Headquarters OMice. Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania 1S219 to the order of 015341 CHECK NO 015341 date 84-03-19 NATL TECHNICAL INFO SERVICE $****138.G0*n* Mellon Bank N.A. Pmsdufgn. Pennsylvania 15230 MEMO 098148938 ``0 ill' :0is 3000 26 K IMPREST FUNO 000' U ALCOAO 000008716 FROM JOAN E. SANDER PITTSBURGH OFFICE - 6 H 8- S industrial Hvgieni TO r. B. Bonney Pittsburgh Dffice - 6 1984 February 03 BEP RE: CONTROL OF FRIABLE ASBESTOS - EPA DOCUMENT____________________________________ For your Information, attached please find a table entitled "Comparison of Asbestos Control Alternatives". This table was taken from EPA Report Number 560/5-83-002, "Guidance for Controlling Friable Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buildings", and is available free of charge by contacting your EPA Regional Asbestos Coordinator, as indicated in Attachment II. This document offers a comprehensive overview of an asbestos control program, and includes illustrations of asbestos-containing materials and various control projects (i.e. encapsulation, removal, enclosure). I would highly recommend it as reference material for an asbestos*control program. Please contact me on extension 2597 if additional information is required. 'JML1V JOAN E. SANDER JES:sc Attachments Distribution: I.H. Contacts (domestic) cc: G. Crouth-Pittsburgh 7 R. Reeves-Pittsburgh 6 F. Shelhamer-WPH D. Balya-ATC Q ALCOA ALCOAOOOOOQ8717 0 cut QsC, U 0# /* CLAAjU^ Jltjfcu- ALCOAOoooos72o Appendix B. Addresses of EPA Regional Asbestos Coordinators EPA Region I Asbestos Coordinator Air and Hazardous Material Division JFK Federal Building Boston. Massachusetts 02202 4617) 223-0585 EPA Region VI Asbestos Coordinator First International Building 1219 Elm Street i Dallas, Texas 75270 L (214) 767-2734 EPA Region II Asbestos Coordinator Woodbridge Avenue Edison, New Jersey 08837 (201)321-6668 Region Asbestos Coordinator Curtis Building 6th and Walnut Street Philadelphia. Pennsylvania 191( f24^.6?.-g859 W a. c EPA Region VII Asbestos Coordinator 324 E. 11th Street Room 1411 Kansas City, Missouri 64106 (816) 374-6538 EPA Region VIII Asbestos Coordinator 1860 Lincoln Street Denver, Colorado 80295 (303) 837-3926 EPA Region IV Asbestos Coordinator 345 Cortland Street Atlanta, Georgia 30365 (404)881-3864 EPA Region IX Asbestos Coordinator 215 Fremont Street San Francisco, California 94105 (415) 974-8123 EPA Region V Asbestos Coordinator 230 S. Dearborne Street Chicago, Illinois 60604 (312) 886-6003 EPA Region X Asbestos Coordinator 1200 6th Avenue Seattle, Washington 98101 (206) 442-2632 B-1 ALCOA0000008721 RICHARD S. DANCHIK ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LABORATOR ALCOA TECHNICAL CENTER - C H5S BEP D. R. BALYA Ae v* ucau&A R. A. MILITO J. J. PERRIELLO | l 1984-04-06 RE: IDENTIFICATION AND COUNTING OF ASBESTOS A meeting vill be held on Wednesday. 1984 Apr 11. at 8:30 AM in Room 1204 to discuss the new NIOSH Method 7400 for the sampling and the measurement of asbestos fibers using optical miscrosopy.Please critically review this method with the purpose of replacing P&CAM 239. RICHARD S. DANCHIK cc: E. E. Rumberger, Pittsburgh-6 T. B. Bonney, Pittsburgh-6 f . w.V' ^ v A*Jit / ALCOAOOOOOQ8722 MS A FORMLA: various M.U.: various FIBERS ICTHOO: 7400 ( ISSUED: 2/15/84 OSHA: 0.5 asbastos fibars (>Sp 1ong)/M. PROPERTIES: solid, NIOSH: 0.1 asbastos f/M. [1]; 3 glass fibars (>!0 ya x <3.5 iae)/nL [2] fibrous ACGIH: 0.2 croeidolita; 0.5 anosite; 2 cbrysotila and othar asbastos, f/M. SYNONYMS: asbastos (actinolita [CAS *77536-66-4], grunarita (mbsits) [CAS #12172-73-5], anthophyllita [CAS #77536-47-5], cbrysotila [CAS #12001-28-5], crocidolite (CAS #12001-2ft-4], trenolita [CAS #77536-68-6]); fibrous glass. ___________________ SAMPLING____________ ___ ______________________MEASUREMENT 1 SAMPLER: FILTER ITEOWiqUE: N1CR0SC0PV, PHASE CONTRAST (0.8-1.2 ym callulosa astar ! naabrane, 25-aai dimeter) !ANALYTE: fibars (Manual count) FLOW RATE*: > 0.5 l/tein VOL-MIN*: 400 L 8 0.1 ftber/ML -MAX*: 1920 L 9 0.1 fibar/ML Adjust for 100 to 1300 flbers/Me* (stap 4). SHIPMENT: routina '.SAMPLE PREPARATION: acatena/triacatin Method 1 COMTING RULES: Sat A (PtCAH 239 [3,4]) or Sat B ! (Rodifiad CRS [5]) !EQUIPMENT: 1. phasa-contrast nicrosccpa 1 2. Walton Beckett graticule (100 m ! field disaster): A Rules usa SAffLE STABILITY: indafinita BLANKS: 101 of smples (Minina 2) [3] ! 0-22; B Rules usa Type 0-24 ! 3. pbase-shift test slide (HSE/NPL) I .'CALIBRATION: pbasa-sbift detection lioit about 1 3 degrees [7] ACCWACY RANGE STUDIED: 80 to 100 fibars countad ! !RANGE: 100 to 1300 flbers/Me* filter area [8] I 1 ESTIMATED LOO: 7 flbers/Me* filter area BIAS: sea EVALUATION OF HE1HOO !PRECISION: 0.10 to 0.12 [3] OVERALL PRECISION (SyJ: 0.115 to 0.13 [3] ! (A Rules) (A Rules) _ _ _________ J________________________________ __ APPLICABILITY: The working range is 0.02 fiber/*. (1920-4. air saapla) to 1.25 fibers/et (400-L air Maple). The Method gives an Index of airborne asbastos fibers but nay be rrad for other Materials such as fibrous glass by inserting suitable paranatars into the counting rules. The Method does not differentiate between asbestos and othar fibars. Asbastos fibars lass than ca. 0.25 ua diaoetar will not be detected bv this Method [71. INTERFERENCES: Any othar airborne fiber nay interfere since all particles Masting the counting criteria are countad. Chain-like particles nay appear fibrous. High levels of nan-fibrous dust particles wav obscure fibars in the field of view and raise the detection Unit. OTHER ICTHQOS: This Method introduces changes for iiproved sensitivity and reproducibility and My* ??? 1LJ-____________________ _______ -------------------------------------------------------------- 2/15/84 . 7400-1 ALCOAO 000008723 FIBERS METHQO: T4QQ REAGENTS: EQUIPMENT: 1. Acttons.* 1. Staler: field monitor, 25 me, three-piece Citwtti 2. Trlacetin (glycerol triacetate), with SO-me extension cowl with cellulose mtr filter. _ rttgtnt grtdt. 0,8 to 1.2-ne port silt and backup pad. NOTE: Analyze representative filters for fiber *Stt Special Precautions. background before use and discard the filter lot if ware than S fibers/100 fields are found. 2. Personal stapling ptmp, > 0.S L/min (see step 4 for flow rate), with flexible connecting tubing. 3. Microscope, phase contrast, with green or blue filter, 8 to 10X eyepiece, and 40 to 4SX phase objective (total magnification ca. 400X); memrical aperture 0.6S to 0.7S. 4. Slides, glass, single-frosted, pre-cleaned, 25 x 75 am. 5. Cover slips, 25 x 25 me, no. 1-1/2, unless otherwise specified by microscope manufacturer. 8. Knife, flO surgical steel, curved blade. 7. Tweezers. 8. Flask, Guth-type, insulated neck, 250 to 500 at, (with single-holed rubber stopper and elbow-jointed glass tubing, 18 to 22 an long). 9. Hotplate, spark-free, stirring type; heating mantle; or infrared lamp and magnetic stirrer. 10. Syringe, hypodermic, with 22-gauge needle. 11. Graticule,' Walton Beckett type with 100 ^e diameter circular field at the specimen plane (area 0.00785 mm3) (Type G-22 for A Rules; Type G-24 for 8 Rules). Available from Graticules Ltd., Horley Road, Tonbridge TN9 1RN, Kent, England (Telephone 011-44-732-3S9081). NOTE: The graticule is custom-made for each microscope. Specify disc diameter needed to fit exactly the ocular of the microscope and the diameter (me) of the circular counting area (see step 11). 12. HSE/NPL phase contrast test slide. Nark II. Available from PTR Optics Ltd., 145 Newton Street, Waltham, HA 02154 (Telephone (817) 891-8000). 13. Telescope, ocular phase-ring cantering. 14. Stage micrometer (0.01 me divisions). SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS: Acetone is an extremely flamaable liquid and precautions mist be taken not to ignite it. Heating of acetone must be done in a ventilated laboratory ftmm hood using a flameless, spark-free heat source. SAMPLING: 1. Calibrate each personal sailing pwp with a representative sampler in line C3J. 2. Fasten the sampler to the worker's lapel as close as possible to the worker's mouth. Remove the top cover from the end of the cowl extension (open face) and orient face down. Wrap the joint between the extender and tonitor body with shrink tape to prevent air leaks. 2/15/84 . 7400-2 ALCOA0000008724 SEESL-USB. 22* 3. Subnit at least two field blanks (or 101 of the total sables, whichever Is greater) for each sat of saaples. Aanove tha caps free tha field blank cassattas *nf storo tha caps and cassattas in a claan araa (bag or baa) during tha saopling pariod. Noplace tha caps in tha cassattrs whan saapiing is ccaplcted. 4. Sanple at O.S l/Bin or groatar [8]. Oo not exceed 1 ng total dust loading on tha filtar. Adjust saapiing flow rate, Q (L/ain), and tioa to produca a fibar dansity, E (fIbers/Me*), of 100 to 1300 fibers/xa* [3.85 10* to 5 10* fibors par 25 m filtar with affective collection area (Ag* 385 xe*)] for optiaue counting precision (saa stop 21). Calculate tha niniaua sailing tine, t^n (pin), at tha action level (one half tha currant standard), l (flbers/at), of tha fibrous aerosol being sailed: %h-a!iSL (Q) (L) 10* 5. Rexona tha field aonitor at tha and of saapiing, replace tha plastic top cover and saall and caps, and store tha Monitor. 5. Ship tha saaplas in a rigid container with sufficient packing notarial to prevent jostling or daaega. NOTE: Oo not use polystyrene foae in tha shipping container because of electrostatic farces which nay causa fibar loss free tha soapier filtar. SAMPLE PREPARATION: NOTE: The object is to produca saaplas with a sooth (non grainy) background in a Medina with a refractive index equal to or lass than-1.4*. The aethod below-collapses tha filter for easier focusing and produces peraanontaounts Mich are useful for quality control and intarlaboratory cceparison. Other Mounting techniques Meeting tha above criteria nay also be usad (e.g., tha non-peraanant field Mounting technique used in MOM 239 [1,3,4]). 7. Ensure that tha glass slides and cover slips are free of dust and fibers. 8. Place 40 to 60 at of acetone into a Guth-type flask. Stopper the flask with a single-hole rubber stopper through Mich a glass tMe extends 5 to 8 an into the flask. Tha portion of tha glass tuba which exits tha top of tha stopper (8 to 10 aa) is bant downward in an elbow which nakes an angle of 20 to 30* with tha horizontal. 9. Place tha flask on a stirring hotplate or wrap in a heating aantle. Mat tha acetone gradually to its boiling taaperature (ea. 58 *0. CAUTION: Tha acetone vapor oust be generated in a ventilated ftaae hood away froa all open flanes and spar* sources. Alternate heating Methods can be usad, providing no open flaxo or sparks are present. 10. Mount either tha whole saspl* filtar or a wedge cut froa tha saapla filtar on a clean glass slide. a. Cut wedges of ca. 2S1 of tha filtar araa with a curved blade steal surgical knife using a rocking notion to prevent tearing. b. Place tha filter or wedge, dust side up, on the slide. Static electricity will usually keep the filter on the slide until it is cleared. c. Mid the glass si Ida supporting the filtar approsinately 1 to 2 oa fron the glass tube port where the acetone vapor is escaping froa the heated flask. The acetone vapor strees should cause a condensation spot on the glass slide ca. 2 to 3 aa in dieaatar. Move the glass slide gently in the vapor strewn. The filter should clear in 2 to 5 sac. If the filter curls, distorts or is otherwise rendered unusable, tha vapor streea is probably not strong enough. Periodically wipe the outlet port with tissue to prevent liquid acetone dripping onto the filter. 2/15/84 7400-3 ALCOA0000008725 E2BB1 ffmoo: 7400 d. Using the hypodereric tyring* with a 22-gauge needle, plae* 1 to 2 drops of triacatin on th* filter. Gantly Iomot a clean 2S-m squara cover slip dom onto tlw flltar at a slight angla to reduca tha possibility of fonring buOtolas. If too nariy bubblas fore or tha aoount of triacatln Is insufficient, th* cowar slip My bacon* datachad within a faw hours. a. 61ua tha adgas of th* cowar slip to tha glass slid* using a tacquar or nail polish [9]. NOTE: If claaring Is slaw, th* slid* preparation My ba haatad on a hotplata (surfaca taaparatura SO *0 for IS ain to hastan claaring. Counting nay procaad iMadiataly aftar claaring and nounting ara aaplatad. CALIBRATION ANO QUALITY CONTROL: 11. Calibration of tha Milton Backatt graticule. Th* diaMtar, de Cm), of th* circular counting ana and tha disc diaaatar Mist b* spaclflad whan ordering tha graticule. a. Insert any aval labia graticule into tha ayapiaca and focus so that th* graticule Unas are sharp and clear. b. Sat tha appropriate intarpupillary distance and, if applicable, reset the binocular head adjustMnt so that tha nagnificatlon rawins constant. c. Install the 40 to ASX phase objactiwe. d. Place a stage nieneneter on th* nicroscope object stage and focus tha nicroscop* on th* graduated lines. a. Measure tha signified grid length, Lq (va), using tha stage oicroMtar. f. Renew* the graticule froa tha nicroscope and naisura its actual grid length, l4 (m). This can bast be acconpHshad by using a stage fittad with warniars. g. Calculate tha circle dimeter, de Cm)-, for the Melton Beckett graticule: Exonple: If Lq 108 m. la - 2.93 m and 0 100 m. than de - 2.71 na. h. Chech th* field diaaatar, DCaccaptabt* range 100 \m * 2 m) with a stage aieremter upon receipt of th* graticule fron the nanufacturar. Oatanain* field arm Cm2). 12. Nicroscope adjustMnts. Follow th* nanufacturar's Instructions and also tha following: a. Adjust the light source for awan illweination across the field of wiaw at the condenser iris. NOTE: KShlsr-1 Uterination is preferred, where awaileble. b. FOcus on th* particulate Mterlal to be auninad. c. .Mb* sura that tha field Iris Is In focus, cantered on tha seaple and open only enough to fully llluainate the field of wlm. d. Us* tha telescope ocular stppliad by the nanufacturar to ensure that tha phase rings (annular dlaphragn and phase shifting elaomts) are concantrie. 13. Check th* phase-shift detection Unit of th* nicroscope periodically. a. Ranowe th* HSE/NPL phase contrast test slid* fron its shipping container and canter it undar the phase objective. b. Bring tha blocks of grooved lines into focus. NOTE: The slide comists of seven sets of grooves (ea. 20 grooves to each block) in descending order of visibility fron sets 1 to 7. Tha raquirmantt for asbestos counting are that .the nicroscop* optics oust resolve the grooved lines in set 3 cemlbtely, although they nay appear somwhat faint, and that tha grooved lines in sets 6 and 7 wst be invisible. Sets 4 and S aist be at least partially visible but nay vary slightly in visibility between nicroscopes. A nicroscope which fails to neat thee* raquiranents has either too low or too high a resolution to ba used for asbestos counting. 2/1S/B4 7400-4 ALCOA0000008726 gTHOO: 7400 SEE c. If the image quality deteriorates, clean the microscope optics and If the preplan persists, consult tha aicroscopa aanufacturar. 14. Quality control of flbar counts. } a. Prepare and count flald blanks along with tha flald sables. taport the counts on each blank. Caleulata tha aaan of tha flald blank counts and subtract this valua fraa aach saapla count before reporting tha results. NOTE 1: Tha Identity of tha blank filters should be unknown to tha counter until all counts have boon collated. NOTE 2: If a field blank yields fiber counts greater than 7 fibers/100 fields, report possible contamination of tha senates. b. Perform blind recounts by the same counter on 101 of filters countad (slides relabeled by a person other than tha counter). 15. Use tha following test to determine whether a pair of counts on tha same filter should be rejected because of possible bias. This statistic estimates the counting repeatability at the 951 confldmwm leva). _01scard the sanple If the difference between the two counts exceeds 2.77 (F)sr, where F average of the two fiber counts and s,. relative standard deviation, which should be derived by each laboratory based on historical In-house data. NOTE: If a pair of counts Is rejected as a result of this test, recount the remaining samples In the sat and test the new counts against the first counts. Discard all rejected paired counts. 14. Enroll each new counter In a training course which conperes performance of counters on a variety of samples using this procedure. NOTE: To ensure good reproducibility, all laboratories engaged in asbestos counting should participate in am asbestos proficiency testing program such as the NIOSH Proficiency Analytical Testing (PAT) Program and routinely participate with other asbestos fiber counting laboratories in the exchange of field samples to ampere performance of counters. ICASUREICNT: 17. Place the slide on the mechanical stage-of the-calibrated microscope with the center of the filter under the abjective lens. Focus the microscope on the plane of the filter. 18. Regularly check phase-ring alignment and icShler illvaeination [7]. 19. Select one of the following sets of counting rules: NOTE: The two sets of rules have bean dmnonstratad to produce equivalent neon counts on a variety of asbestos saeple types (5] and must be- strictly followed in order to obtain valid results. No hybridizing of the two sets of rules is permitted. The calibration of the microscope with the HSE/NPl test slide determines the minimus detectable fiber diameter (ca. 0.25 txe). a. A Rules (same as P4CAN 239 rules (1,3,4]). NOTE: The A Rules are required for monitoring asbestos for coepllance purposes under OSHA or NIOSH standards. 1. Count only fibers longer than 5 tae. Measure the length of curved fibers along the 2. Count only fibers with a langth-to-width ratio equal to or greater than 3:1. 3. For fibers which cross the boundary of the graticule field, do the following: a. Count any fiber longer than S which lies entirely within the graticule.aree. b. Count as 1/2 fiber any fiber with only one end lying within the graticule area. c. Oo not count any fiber which crosses the graticule boundary more than once. d. Reject and do not count all other fibers. 2/15/84 7400-5 aLcoa oooo 0872- FIBERS fgWDD; 7400 4. Count bundles of fibers as on* fiber union Individual fibers can bo Idantlflod by observing both ends of a fiber. 5. Count enough graticule fields to yield 100 fibers. Count a miniasei of 20 fields. Stop at 100 fields regardten of fiber count. 1 b. B Rules NOTE: The B Rules are preferred analytically because of their 0--nitrated ability to liarove the reproducibility of fiber counts (51. 1. Count only ends of fibers. Each fiber mst be longer than 5 ye and len than 3 ve dlenter. 2. Count only ends of fibers with a length-to-width ratio equal to or greater than 5:1. 3. Count each fiber end which falls within the graticule area as one end, provided that the fiber meets rules b.1 and b.2. 4. Count visibly free ends which meet rules b.1 and b.2 when the fiber appears to be attached to another particle, regardless of the size of the other particle. 5. Count the free ends of fibers Moating fron large cltmps and bundles up to a maxima of 10 ends (5 fibers), provided that each segaent meets rules b.1 and b.2. 6. Count enough graticule fields to yield 200 ends. Count a minima of 20 fields. Step at 100 fields, regardless of the fiber count. 7. Oivide the total end count by 2 to yield fiber count. NOTE: Split fibers will normally be counted as more than two ends if the free ends meet the rules b.1. and b.2. 20. Start counting from one end of the filter and progress along a radial line to the other end, shift either vq> or down on the filter and continue in the- reverse direction (10]. Select fields randomly by looking away from the eyepiece briefly while advancing the mechanical stage. Mien an agglomerate covers ca. 1/i or more of the field of view, reject the field and select another. Do not report rejected fields in the nuder of total fields counted. NOTE: When counting a field, continuously scan a range of focal planes by moving the fine focus knob to detect very fine fibers which have bocme Podded in the filter. The mnll-diamtar fibers will be very faint but are an tenant contribution to the total count. CALCULATIONS: 21. Calculate and report fiber density on the filter, E (fibers/Me*), by dividing the total fiber count, F, minus the mean field blank count, B, by the maPer of fields, n, and the field area. Ay (0.00785 me* for a properly calibrated Walton Beckett graticule): 22. Calculate the concentration, C (fibers/H.), of fibers in the air voliam sampled, V (L), using the effective collection area of the filter, Ae (385 m* for a 2S-aa filter): NOTE: Periodically chock and adjust the value of Ae, if necessary. EVALUATION OF NETHOO: This method is a revision of NIOSH Method PBCAN 235 (1,3,4]. A sieemry of the revisions is as follows: 2/15/84 7400-4 TMC0: A. Stapling The change froa a 37-4MB to a 25-m filter size was incorporated to feprove sensitivity and reduce problane associated with non-uni fora fibor loading raportad on the 37-mm filters CIO). Tha changa in flea rata* allows for 2 a* full-shift saa^les to be taken, providing that tha filtar Is not ovorloadad with non-fibrous particulates. Tha col taction efficiency of tha saapler is not affactad by changes in flaw rata in tha range O.S to 16 1/arin [8]. I. Saaple Preparation Tachniquo The acetone vapor-triacatin preparation tachniqua has bean incorporated in tha Method as a faster, wore pemanent Mounting tachniqua than tha diaethyl phthalata/diethyl oxalate aethod of PICMt 239 (1.3,4,11]. C. Raesureaent 1. Tha inclusion of tha Walton Beckett graticule in tha Method was Made- to standardize the field area observed through tha eyepiece (8,11]. 2. Tha introduction of tha HSE/NP1 test slida was Mads to standard!zMicroscope optics for sensitivity to fiber diaeatar (7,11]. 3. A recant international collaborative study involved 18 laboratories using prepared slides froa tha asbestos, canent. Milling, Mining, textile, and friction Material industries (S]. Tha relative levels of count by different counting rules were: ________Wt lhaber of _________ applet.. Aspect Aatio >3:1 AIA CBS* Hining Rilling Asbestos Cwwnt Textile Chrysotile Friction Material Others (Insulation, Anosite) 10 .10 J4 10 10 8 100 100 100 100 100 100 SoTOTAL: MEAN: Kfi 127 112 148 109 130 127 IS Aspect Ratio > 5:1 AJA wod. CSS* 74 92 84 95 90 137 89 99 87 118 92 118 &m Arithmetic means of counts Made bv different laboratories relative to tha AIA counts. Tha Modified CPS (NXOSH ) Rules ware found to ba wore precise than tha AIA (NIOSH A)* Rules. The ranges of relative standard deviations (s,J which varied with saaple type and laboratory were: Intra laboratory- *r Interlaboratory Overall AIA (NIOSH A Rules)* Radi fled CRS (RIOSH 8 Rules) 0.12 to 0.40 0.11 to 0.29 0.27 to 0.85 0.20 to 0.35 0.48 0.25 Under AIA rules, only fibers having a diaxater less than 3 tan are countad and fibers attached to particles larger than 3 tan are not countad. NIOSH A Rules are otherwise siarilar to tha AIA rules. The 8 Rules have also bean favorably received by analysts as less a*iguous and stapler to use; these rules also showed the least bias relative to AIA rules In the collaborative study. An independent NIOSH laboratory, study using anosite fibers reported a relative standard deviation, including within- and betwoan-vanple 2/15/84 7400-7 . ALCOAOOOOOQ8729 >enco: 7400 variability, of 0.157 for tha B Bulat [12]. Adding an estimated wapting pup trror, tp, of 0.05 [13] to tha within-sample variability In this study rssults In an astlaato of ovorall proclslon, Sp, of 0.102 for tho B Rulas. [ - 4. Baeauso of past Inaccuraelas assoclatad with law flbor counts, tha minimue loading has baan Ineraasad to 100 fibert/aa? flltar araa (80 flbars total count). This laval ylalds an ovaratl Sp 0.13, as Indlcatad In Flgura 3 (ravtsad) of P4CAM 239 [3,4] tdiich corrasponds to a aaasursoant Sp 0.12 aftar r--ml of piap arror [13]. Siailarly, at tha aaiina count of 100 flbars, ovarail Sp 0.115 and maaiur--nt Sp 0.10 ara cbtalnad. 0. Evaluation of tha oathod using tha A and B counting ruins will procaad on a continuing basis through tha NXOSH Proflclancy Analytical Tasting (PAT) Program. Tha now PAT rsportlng fona allows for rsportlng of rasults by althar sat of rulas as of January, 1984. REFERENCES: [1] Aavlssd Racc--aniWd Asbastos Standard, U.S. Oapartaant of Haalth and Homo Sarvtcas, MSI. (NZ05H) 77-189 (1975). [2] Crltarla for a (la towndad Standard.. .Occupational Exposure to Fibrous Blass, U.S. Oapartaant of Haalth and Hwan Services, Publ. (NIOSH) 77-152 (1977). [3] Laldal, N. A., S. 6. Bayar, R. 0. Zumalda, and K. A. Busch. USfWS/NXQSH Martrane Flltar Hsthod for Evaluating Airborne Asbastos Flbars, U.S. Oapartaant of Haalth and Hums Sarvlcas, Publ. (NX05H) 78-127 (1979). [4] NXOSH Manual of Analytical nathods, 2nd. ad., V. 1., PSCAM 239, U.S. Oapartaant of Haalth Md Htaan Sarvlcas, Publ. (NXOSH) 77-1S7-A (1977). [5] Crawford, N. P., H. 1. Thorpa, and U. Alexander. aA Oonparlsoa of tha- Effects of Different Counting Rulas and Aspect Ratios on tha Laval and Raproduclblllty of Asbastos Fiber Counts,* Part I: Effects on Laval (Report No. TN/82/23), Part IX: Effects on Raproduclblllty (Report No. TM/82/24), Institute of Occupational Madlclno, Edinburgh, Scotland (Oecahor, 1982). [5] Walton, H. H. "Tha Nature, Hazards, and Assassawnt of Occupational Exposure to Airborne Asbestos Oust: A Raviaw,* Ann. Occw. Hva.. g. 115-247 (1982). [7] Rookor, S. J., N. P. Vaughn, and J. M. LaQuan. *cn tha Visibility of Flbars by Phase Contrast Microscopy,* Aar. Ind. Hva. Assoc. ., 505-515 (1982). [8] Johnston, A. R., A. 0. Jonas, and J. H. Vincent. *The Influence of External Aarodynaaic Factors on tha Maasuronant of tha Airborne Concentration of Asbestos Fibres by the Manorme Filter Method,* Ann. Occuo. Hva.. g. 309-315 (1982). [9] Asbastos International Assodatlon, AIA Health and Safety Racaanandad Technical Method #1 (RTMX). "Airboma Asbestos Fiber Concentrations at uorfcplacas by Light Microscopy* (Marti n Filter Method), London (1979). [10] Hooke, M. B., C. E. Felgley, and 0. A. Ludvig. *Interwadga Variation In tha Mrtraa Flltar Method for Airborne Asbestos Fibers,* Anar. Ind. Hyp. Assoc. ., 44, 542-545 (1983) [11] Chatfield, E. J. Hiiiursweat of Asbastos Fibre Concantratlons in Workplace Atmospheres, Royal Ccwlssion on Rattars of Haalth and Safety Arising frrm he Use of Asbastos in Ontario, Study No. 9, 180 OundM Street West, 22nd Floor, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA MSB IS [12] Taylor, 0. 8., P. A. Baron, S. A. Shulnan and J. W. Carter. "Identification and Counting of Asbestos Fibers," Ag. Hva. Assoc, j.* &(2), 84-88 (1984). [13] Busch, K. A. and 0. 8. Taylor. `Statistical Protocol for tha NXOSH validation tests*, Chawica! Hazards in tha Workplace, Maasuranant and Control, ACS Synposiun Series 149, American Chanical Society, Washington, OC (1981). RE1HOO REVISED ST: Jans H. Cartar, Oevid 8. Taylor, Ph.O., C2H, and Paul A. Baron, Ph.O., NIOSH/DPSE; based on tha revised Method P8CAM 239 [1,3,4]. 2/15/84 7400-8 ALCOA0000008730 HSS Industrial Hygiene i Health Standards Update February 1984 Asbestos: OSHA Emergency Temporary Standard lu LMN BEP On Friday, November 4, 1983 OSHA published in the Federal Register an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) for Asbestos. (48 FR 51086) OSHA set a new PEL at 0.5 fibers/cc. During the time of the ETS employers may use all practicable control methods, such as engin eering controls, work practices and personal protective equipment to meet the new limit. Training programs are required to be in stituted within 30 days. The notice also requests comments on the appropriateness of in cluding the provisions of the ETS as permanent revisions to the asbestos standard. The effective date for this ETS was November 4, 1983. Comments and evidence concerning the proposed revisions to the permanent standard made by the ETS had to be received on or before January 3, 1984. "OSHA's determination that a grave danger currently exists is predicated upon quantitative risk estimates in this record which point to a large number of excess deaths from cancer (and asbestosis) among currently exposed workers which are attributable to continued exposures under present working conditions." "OSHA estimated the number of cancer deaths avoided through lowering of the exposure to 0.5 f/cc based on 6 months, 1-year, 20-year and 45-year periods of exposures at current levels. The predicted cancer deaths avoided that result from these periods are respectively 210, 426, 5725 and 7815." On November 18, the Asbestos Information Association (AIA) filed a Petition with the Fifth Circuit in New Orleans to stay the enforce ment of the Asbestos ETS. In its Petition the AIA made heavy use of Mr. Auchter's testimony to congress in June 1983, as to why it was not reasonable or possible for OSHA to do an ETS on Asbestos. On November 23, 1983 the Court granted the AIA a temporary stay, setting January 12, 1984 as the date to hear oral arguments in the case. After the oral arguments, OSHA thinks that_.it-has _at_leastan evenchance of winning the caseT In November 1983 OSHA informally sent a draft copy of its NPR on Asbestos over to 0MB so that 0MB could find out what problems, if any, OMB had with the OSHA approach. This was part of OSHA's new policy designed to improve relations and communications between OSHA and OMB. As a result, OSHA found that OMB was unhappy that OSHA had not calculated out the cost of the requirements tied into the action level of 0.1 fibers/cc. OSHA plans to require Organization Resources CounselorSklnc * iwi stm-t. nv\ Washington ix jonn> ALCOAO 000008731 Page 2 mandatory medical surveillance, monitoring, and regulated areas all tied to the action-level. By the end of December 1983, OSHA had made a number of changes in response to OMB's comments, and was preparing to formally submit the Asbestos NPR to OMB for clearance. f- On January 5, 1984 a draft copy of the Asbestos NPR was released to the Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health, which unanimously refused to comment on it, saying it lacked sufficient details for the group to evaluate what OSHA intended to do. The draft NPR that was released to the Construction Advisory Committee is a "rather unique" looking proposal,that asks many questions and generally avoids taking any firm positions that could be criticized. A number of groups that have reviewed the NPR have urged OSHA to substantially modify the proposal before they submit it to OMB for final clearance. Some think that as it is presently constituted, the NPR does not meet the minimum require ments for an NPR under Section 6(b) of the OSH Act. Asbestos and Respirators Los Alamos Laboratories (LASL) has been given a contract to determine if there is a greater than 1% penetration of asbestos fibers through a variety of filter media. LASL has some preliminary results but they will not be ready until late spring of this year. Changes In The British Asbestos Standard Beginning August, 1984 the new control limits will be: Blue asbestos (crocidolite) Brown asbestos (amosite) White asbestos (chrysotile) 0.2 f/cc (presently) 0.2 f/cc 0.2 f/cc (presently) 0.5 f/cc 0.5 f/cc (presently) 1.0 f/cc "The British Health and*Safety Commission has made it clear that wherever possible, employers will be expected to comply with these levels before the August 1984 effective date. LEAD Throughout 1983 OSHA became progressively more active in the lead area. OSHA has been actively involved in discussions with the lead industry and organized labor to resolve problems with the requirements to develop written plans to comply with the PEL through engineering controls. Organization Resources CounselorSklnc v>2S i street. nv\ wa-hm^on. ix ALCOAO 000008732 Page 3 Based on detailed feasibility data received from its contractors in the spring of 1983, and encouraged by the results of the tripar tite discussions, OSHA decided not to propose modifications to the engineering control requirements of the existing l^ad standard. OSHA has had a revised lead standard prepared since October 1983, and in November the Secretary of Labor approved the more limited rulemaking approach. On November 23, 1983 OSHA transmitted to OMB (under Executive Order 12291) the proposal to reconsider the lead standard. Since OSHA no longer planned to propose modifications to the engineering control provisions of the existing lead standard, there was no longer justification for a stay on the engineering control requirements. Consequently on January 4, 1984, OSHA trans mitted to OMB a proposal to vacate the compliance plan stay. OSHA intends to publish its proposal removing the stay on engi neering control requirements of as soon as it is released by OMB. The proposal would set a new effective date for the stayed portions of the compliance plan requirements, 90 days after publication of a final rule vacating the stay. The effective dates of the final rule will be determined based on the evidence submitted during the comment period of 30 days. OSHA intends to reach a decision on vacating the stay within 60 days of the end of the comment period. The proposal to vacate the stay on engineering controls was sub mitted to OMB in hopes of influencing its review of the November 23 transmittal, and in a new spirit of cooperation. OMB seems to have little problem with the January 4, 1984 proposal, but the November 23 proposed rule to reconsider the lead standard is receiving a very stringent review and is making slow progress. Rumor has it that the following changes have been made to the new OSHA lead standard. (1) No shower requirement for spray painters using supplied air equipment, (2) Air circulation requirements for paint booths have been dropped in some circumstances, (3) Less frequent testing for ZPP will be required, (4) Secondary smelters will have ten years to meet the standards requirements, (5) Cooper ative assessment of compliance, (6) Less frequent blood lead testing below 30 micrograms, (7) No 4.4 hour limit on the use of respirators. Lead and Respirators A draft copy of a NI0SH research study on lead and respirators shows some types of non-high efficiency filters with as much as 5% penetration of lead dust and fume. Because of this finding OSHA is seriously considering requiring the use of high efficiency filters for all respirators used for protection against lead. OSHA will first have to get the court stay on high efficiency filters lifted. Organization Resources Counselors*Inc' iwsi street. n\\ Washington oc jtxK*, ALCOAO 000008733 Page 4 HAZARDS COMMUNICATION On Friday, November 25, 1983 OSHA published in the Federal Register (48 FR 53280) the Hazards Communication Standard. Effective dates are as follow: Chemical manufacturers and importers arie required to label containers they ship and provide required data sheets by November 25, 1985. Distributors are required to be in compliance by November 25, 1985. All employers covered by the standard are to be in compliance by May 25, 1986. On December 1, 1983 The United Steelworkers of America filed suit in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit for review of the standard. Other organized labor groups are expected to join the steelworkers. The labor groups are unhappy because the standard is limited to manufacturing sectors (Standard Industrial Code (SIC) 20-39) and would thus leave many workers in transportation, construction, communications, retail and health care without coverage. The unions are also unhappy over the trade secret protections extended to manufacturers. George Cohen, AFL-CIO, wanted to know if OSHA thought that the Hazards Communication Standard should immediately supersede all state standards? Would this happen in two years or not at all? OSHA replied officially that any pre emption happens in two years. But, they did not say that no other preemption could happen! LABORATORY SAFETY STANDARD This standard has been approved by the Secretary of Labor and was sent over to 0MB for review toward the end of November 1983. 0MB is not convinced that such a standard is in fact necessary, and the review has been going slowly. FIELD SANITATION In January 1984 the standard went to 0MB for review. There was some internal opposition within OSHA by those who did not want to "waste" time on it, but since OSHA is under court order to produce a standard, they had little choice but to proceed. BENZENE At present there is not a lot of action taking place on this stan dard. The mediation effort has been only moderately successful even though both sides went through the motions. One reason has been the unions insistence that if a PEL higher than one part per million (ppm) was to be considered, they would have no part of it. On the other hand, a small but determined group at the API had resisted considering a PEL lower than 5 ppm. Organization Resources Gounselors>lnc iws i smvi. n\\ Washington. ix jixhk, ALCOAOOOOOQ8734 Page 5 Eventually, industry representatives agreed to consider a 5 ppm STEL as a 30 minute time weighted average, (TWA), as well as an action level of 1 ppm for a four hour TWA. Both sides agreed that dermal contact with liquids containing more than 0[.5% benzene should be avoided, but not banned. Labor agreed on an Exemption from the standard for retail gasoline stations and bulk gasoline marketing installations. OSHA has finished a rough draft of Benzene, but it has not been finalized at this date. The Regulatory Impact Analysis has not been completed, and what has been done has not been completely reviewed by the OSHA Staff. If all goes well OSHA may get this standard to 0MB by March 1984. For the present, OSHA is solid on a PEL of 1.0 ppm but as time passes, those in the agency that favor 0.5 ppm are gaining strength and support. FORMALDEHYDE It is unlikely that OSHA will take any action on this substance until 1985. It is possible that a lot of the future action will come from the efforts of the Formaldehyde Group, one of three parts of a reconstituted IRLG. (See the discussion on the IRLG in this section) INTERAGENCY REGULATORY AGENCY LIAISON GROUP (IRLG) Also known as "son of IRLG", this group which was abolished when the Reagan Administration took over has been reestablished albiet, in a much diminished form. The IRLG was originally formed by Dr. Morton Corn after the Kepone affair, and was intended to improve communications and information exchange between agencies. Under Dr. Bingham, the IRLG became a planning group that took the lead in the development and publication of controversial policies in areas such as carcinogens. The IRLG was much harder for OSHA's critics to deal with since it was composed of individuals from many agencies, and this gave it a certain independence of action denied the participating agencies. Because the IRLG did take a strong pro-regulatory stance in many areas, it was much disliked by those opposed to excessive govern ment regulation. The impetus for the IRLG rebirth came from the EPA and is in line with its recent more aggressive stance on the regulation of chemical hazards in the workplace. The Principals of the new IRLG want to avoid a self-perpetuating, proliferation of sub-groups that may get out-of hand. Agencies involved in the IRLG are: OSHA, EPA, CPSC, FDA, USDA, NIEHS and NIOSH. Organization Resources Counselor^Inc* ihjsistnvi.NW wjhmnii>n. ix ALCOA00000087 35  Page 6 The EPA clearly had the lead in the first meetings, but Indicated that it did not intend to keep it. Also evident .from the first several meetings is the fact that the other agencies in the group are not going;to allow the EPA to, dominate the proceedings without a contest. During the initial meetings, the EPA group made heavy use' of the National AcadAmy of Sciences (NAS) report on Risk Assess ment. Others in the group however, were not as impressed with the NAS efforts! and felt that they should be looked upon, as a starting point, not conclusions to be implemented. Three' worki ng groups have been established: '. j. ; (1) Formal dehyde (2) Bio.-technology (3) Cancer Policy and Risk Assessment. The Formaldehyde Group is chaired by Peter Pruess of the CPSC, the Cancer Policy & Risk Assessment Group is chaired by Betty Anderson of the EPA, ( who was involved, with the EPA's carcinogen assessment group (CAG)). The Bio-technology Group could not agree on a chairman. There is a coordinating committee for the IRLG composed of representatives of the Principals.: This group sets the agenda, and decides which projects should be undertaken. In the early meetings there was a lot of interest by both the FDA and the USDA in the Bio-technology group, and clearly they are not going to allow thie EPA to j dominate. RESPIRATORS \V\ '' Work is still proceeding on the revision of 1910.134, but very slowly, and there is little chance that anything will come out of OSH A on ifespi'rators in 1984!. CANCER POLICY At the present there is little action on this standard, and this situation does not seem likely to change for the next several months. OSHA is working with the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) and the Office ,of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) as well as the IRLG. The FDA is said to be putting finishing touches on a cancer policy which it expects to publish this year. ETHYLENE!PIBROMIDE OSHA published an NPK on EDB on October 7, 1983, (48 FR 45956) which would lower the PEL from 20 ppm to 0.1 ppm as an eight hour time weighted average and would also set a short term limit of 0.5 .f -*" IhiSI Sirn*. N VV Washinjjtiin; IX'iim*. ALCOAOOOOOQ87 36 Page 7 ppm for 1& minutes. Not everybody was pleased with OSHA's EDB Standard. The Food and Allied Service Trades Department, AFL-CIO told OSHA that it is unhappy that OSHA did not set the PEL for EDB at 15 parts per billion (PPB). {L. NIOSH commented that the PEL should be set at 45 ppb in order to reduce the risk to workers of cancer over a lifetime of exposure, and recommended a ceiling limit of 0.130 ppb for intermittent exposures. NIOSH said that OSHA lacked adequate scientific basis for its 0.5 ppm STEL. NIOSH also opposed allowing the use of nega tive pressure respirators, particularly since qualitative fittesting of these respirators is accepted in place of quantitative fit-testing. The Workers Institute for Safety and Health (WISH) stated that according to its calculations there will be 9.1 cancer deaths per 1000 workers exposed to EDB on an intermittent basis at the proposed PEL. Even at a PEL of 0.01 ppm WISH estimated a risk of 0.9 cancer deaths per 1000 workers. The CMA suggested that OSHA exempt from the standard EDB mixtures with 0.1% or less EDB by weight under the same rationale that OSHA used to exempt automotive service stations and the distribution storage or bulk handling of leaded fuel. STYRENE The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has released a new criteria document that recommends a PEL of 50 ppm as a 10 hour time weighted average and a forty hour work week. The recommended PEL was based primarily on reports of effects on the central nervous system and irritation of the eyes. NIOSH also suggested a 25 ppm Action Level and a ceiling limit of 100 ppm based on a 15 minute sample. OSHA is reading the NIOSH Criteria Document, but is under no pressure to act anytime soon. ETHYLENE OXIDE The record is closed on this standard and the OSHA staff is actively reviewing the record and writing the final standard. OSHA is planning a- September 1984 publication of a final standard. 1.3-BUTADIENE On December 20, 1983 the EPA and OSHA announced that they will jointly conduct reviews of the data on the health risks associated with exposure to 1,3-butadiene. The review, which was Initiated under Section 4(f) of the Toxic Substances Control Act, will deter mine the future regulatory stance of the agencies for this substance. Organization Resources Counselors*Inc w>2siMn**t. nw Washington, oc .nm* ALCOAO00000873 7 Page 8 The agencies are looking for comments and will accept them for 60 days after the notice appears in the Federal Register. Under Section 4(f) of TSCA the EPA has 180 days to make* a decision whether to regulate on substances that cause "a significant risk of 'serious or widespread harm to human beings from cancer, gene mutations, or birth defects." The agencies had previously used Section 4(f) of TSCA in regard to 4'4-methylenedianiline. Emergency Temporary Standard Requested On January 25, 1984 the United Rubber Workers petitioned the Secretary of Labor for an Emergency Temporary Standard of one ppm or less. They said that: "No further evidence need be cited other than the NTP data recently peer reviewed and previous studies funded by the International Institute of Synthetic Rubber Products and NIOSH. These studies show that exposure to the current standard of 1000 ppm constitutes a grave danger to workers. An emergency temporary standard is necessary to protect employees from the significant carcinogenic and reproductive risks caused by current levels of exposure to 1,3 butadiene which exist in the workplace. IISRP evaluations appear to indicate that a 1 ppm exposure level is technically and economically feasible." The petition is being reviewed by 0SHA, but it does not seem likely that they will grant it. NITROSAMINES On Monday, January 22, 1984 the EPA published in the Federal Register (49 FR, 2762) an immediately effective proposed rule on the prohibition of nitrites in metalworking fluids. This rule, effective January 23, 1984, was proposed under section 6(a) of TSCA, and will remain in effect until the EPA promulgates a final rule. .The rule prohibits the addition of nitrosating agents such as nitrites, to the chemical substance known generically as the triethanolamine salt of tricarboxylic acid when it is or could be used as or in metalworking fluids. The rule also requires distrib utors of the substance to notify customers of the restrictions of the rule through letters sent prior to shipment of the substance and to notify machine shop workers of the health hazard through labels on metalworking fluids containing the substance. In addition, the rule requires distributors of tricarboxylic acid, which when combined with water and triethanoloamine, produces the triethanolamine salt of tricarboxylic acid, to notify customers of the restrictions of the rule through letters sent prior to shipment of the substance. Organization Resources Gxnselorstlnc. w>_s i suwt. n.w washinumn nc .>uooh ALCOAO 000008738 Page 9 The EPA believes that the unrestricted distribution in commerce of both substances and the unrestricted processing and use of the triethanolamine salt of tricarboxylic acid in combination with nitrosating agents, such as nitrites, will present an Unreasonable risk of injury to human health before a final rule can be promulgated under section 6 of TSCA . The EPA is also initiating a regulatory investigation into the potential human health risk posed by exposure to nitrosamines in metalworking fluids generally. Written comments and requests for a public hearing must be submitted by March 23, 1984. A public hearing will be held only if requested, beginning on April 6, 1984. 2-METH0XYETHAN0L and 2-ETH0XYETHAN0L The EPA is preparing to issue an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) for 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol and their acetates, (CAS No.s 109-86-4, 101-80-5, 110-49-6, and 111-15-9). They are known by the trade names: Cellosolve, Dowanol, Ektasolve, Glycol ester, Poly-Solve, Prist, Oxitol, and Jeffersol. The EPA notes that a number of animal studies indicate that adverse reproductive and fetotoxic effects are associated with these chemical substances at concentrations to which humans may be exposed. EPA is concerned about both shortterm and chronic exposure of pregnant women, either as workers or as household consumers. The EPA is also concerned about the exposure of males to these substances, both from short-term and chronic exposures. The evaluation and assessment process began with the results of studies submitted to the office both as an FYI from NIOSH and as an Section 8(e) notification by manufacturers. These studies show developmental toxicity of both 2-EE and 2-ME. The EPA is inviting interested parties to submit data and comments relevant to the control of exposure to 2-ME, 2-EE, 2-MEAcetate, and 2-EEAcetate. All comments must be received by 60 days after publication in the Federal Register. Comments should be directed (in triplicate) to: Document Control Office (TS-793) Office of Toxic Substances Environ. Prot. Agency Rm. E-409 401 M St., S.W. Washington, D.C. 20460 Comments should Include the docket control number (0PTS-62030). DKM:Jt Organization Resources Counsekxs^lnc. m>jsi stn-iM. sv\ Wdshmuton. dc juhx. ALCOAOOOOOQ8739 6'' CURRENT REPORT Officials from the two agencies told BNA that the inquiry is not expected to delay publication of a final ethylene dibromide standard. In a memorandum to the Department of Labor, OMB asserted that the "need, purpose, and burden associated with the proposed recordkeeping requirements are not justified by [OSHA^] submission." A "major problem," the memoran dum continued, is "the vast set of medical tests that are required for workers exposed to one-half of the proposed [permissible exposure limit) for over one month per year or who wear respirators." OMB contended that it "is not clear how these tests will reduce the cancer incidence of EDB exposure." Concern also was expressed by the budget office regard ing "the effectiveness of a record of respiratory fit tests and selection procedures, emergency plans, medical opinions, training programs, extensive monitoring, and labeling." The memorandum added, "Again, the health benefits that could be expected from such records are not clear from the evidence submitted." Purpose of Teste The memorandum was submitted to the DOL Office of the Assistant Secretary for Management, the Labor Department unit to which OMB documents under the Paperwork Reduc tion Act customarily are referred, Gary Strobel, an assistant to OSHA Administrator Thorne Auchter, told BNA. The document then was relayed to OSHA's directorate of techni cal support, which will draft a response. Steve Mallinger, deputy director of the technical support office, remarked that OMB's objections apparently pertain to blood serum tests and other laboratory analyses that would be required under the proposal. Mallinger noted that these examinations are intended to detect toxic effects of EDB on the liver and kidneys, and are not related to the substance's carcinogenic risks. OSHA's response to the budget office will explain the rationale for the medical surveillance requirements in fur ther detail, Mallinger said. OMB involvement in the ethylene dibromide rulemaking has been a subject of continuing controversy. The proposed standard originally was scheduled for publication Sept 30, then withdrawn after OSHA learned that the budget office had not given final approval to the action. The proposal appeared a week later (Current Report, Oct 13, p. 435). Mallinger estimated that it will take at least two weeks to submit a response to OMB. The situation is not viewed as urgent, since OSHA is still in the early, comment-gathering phase of the ethylene dibromide rulemaking action, he indicated. OMB spokesman Edwin L. Dale Jr. commented that the budget office "anticipates the problem will be cleared up in time for publication of a final standard." On-Sits Consultation EXTENSION OF TIME FOR PUBLIC COMMENT ON CONSULTATION REVISIONS GRANTED BY OSHA An extension of time for submission of written comments on proposed revisions to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's on-site consultation regulations was an nounced Nov. 4 (48 FR 50902). The deadline for submission of comments was extended to Dec. 23 from the original date of Nov. 4. OSHA proposed the amendments last month in order to broaden the scope of the on-site consultation regulations in 589 29 CFR Part 1908, and to initiate a conditional inspection exemption program for employers using consultation ser vices (Current Report, Oct. 13, p. 435). According to the agency, the extension of the comment period was granted in response to requests from interested parties. The requests "indicated that additional time is needed to prepare an adequate response," the notice stated. Also, the agency noted that it was asked to add to the rulemaking docket "various documents relevant to the pro posed amendments." These documents include: A list of state agencies providing, or scheduled to pro vide, consultative services. An OSHA notice dated July 25, 1983, to agency field staff on the agency's experimental program for inspection exemption through consultation. The notice refers to the directive as No. TED 2, but an OSHA spokesman said the correct number is TED 3. This program was initiated in seven Southern states in 1982 and extended in July for an additional six months (Current Report, July 14, p. 158). A letter from Emmett Jones, director of the CAL/OSHA Consultation Service, describing the impact of California's experimental exemption program. The most recent evaluation reports on the state consul tation projects participating in the program. Testimony on proposed revisions to the consultation regulation before the National Advisory Committee on Oc cupational Safety and Health. Comments by a NACOSH subcommittee on an earlier draft of the proposed revisions, and a brief summary of the rationale for OSHA's response to those comments. A solicitor of labor opinion on release to the public of consultant reports to employers. Written comments on the proposal should be submitted in quadruplicate to the Docket Office, Docket No. C-l, Room S6212, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20210; tel. (202) 523-7894. For further information, contact James F. Foster, OSHA Office of Information and Consumer Affairs, Room N-3637, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20210; tel. (202) 523-8151. Aaboatoa DU PONT FINDS 22 MALIGNANCY CASES THROUGH SCREENING PROGRAM, OFFICIAL SAYS NEW ORLEANS -- (By a BNA Staff Correspondent) -- As a result of its asbestos screening program covering 112,000 employees and pensioners, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company has discovered 22 cases of malignancies related to asbestos exposure, according to Burford W. Culpepper, the company's medical director. Culpepper told the Joint Conference on Occupational Health Nov. 3 that the company became aware of the need to "intensify" its detection efforts more than four years ago, when a number of asbestos-related X-ray abnormalities were found at several Du Pont plants. As a result, in 1980 the company began a full-scale review of medical histories of employees 40 years of age or older and with 10 years' experience at Du Pont in jobs where they may have been exposed to asbestos. Subsequently, the program was expanded to the com pany's 30,000 pensioners, with 10,000 electing to participate in the screening program and to have an X-ray at the company's expense. Culpepper noted that since the begin ning of its comprehensive program, Du Pont has required that all radiographs be read by a board-certified or qualified 11-10-83 Occupational Safety A Health Reporter 009$-3237/a3/$0*.50 ALCOAO 000008740 590 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER radiologist. In addition, plant physicians have undergone internal training in the early detection of lung abnormalities and the company's X-ray sales technical staff regularly visit all plant sites to evaluate and make sure that the best quality of film is being used. In addition to 22 cases of malignancies, the Du Pont medical director reported that 200 employees were deter mined to have asbestosis and about 1,300 employees and pensioners, or slightly more than 1 percent, were found to have "evidence of asbestos related pleural thickening," but the majority were found to have "no illness or physical disability." According to Culpepper, these results indicate that asbes tos-related abnormalities "are more prevalent than we sus pected four years ago," even considering the wide use of asbestos-containing insulation in chemical plants. On the other hand, he added, the results also show that "the vast majority" of the company's employees and pensioners do not have asbestos-related medical problems. As another part of the asbestos screening program, the Du Pont medical director explained, all employees have seen a company-produced 25-minute film, "Caring About: Asbes tos," which describes the problems involved in asbestosrelated abnormalities, using Du Pont employees as well as medical experts such as Dr. Irving Selikoff of the ML Sinai Medical Center and Dr. Benjamin Felson of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Referral to Specialista All those with asbestos-related abnormalities have been referred to pulmonary specialists at company expense for evaluation and consultation and are offered follow-up exams annually, "or at an interval perscribed by the specialist," to determine whether there is "any impairment that requires a change in work assignment," the medical director explained. In those situations where work-related illness or impair ment develops, Culpepper said that Du Pont "will accept responsibility for appropriate related medical costs, and will offer the employee or pensioner compensation based on our understanding of the workers' compensation laws in that jurisdiction," in addition to assisting in obtaining other community benefits. Further, he noted that the company's policy covers employees even "when we are not certain that the abnormality stems from exposure at a Du Pont site." Culpepper said that the company generally has not pur chased asbestos-containing insulation since the 1970s and is replacing the asbestos it has with non-asbestos insulation when other repairs are necessary. In the few sites where asbestos-containing products are used, there are strict con trols, and plant employees follow written procedures, in cluding routinely monitoring exposure levels, using protec tive equipment and clothing, and having regular medical examinations. Determining Pulmonary Disability Judging the degree of pulmonary disability resulting from asbestos exposure has been a problem for Du Pont which has been further complicated by the varying criteria established by state workers' compensation laws. Culpepper explained that in some cases the company relies on X-ray abnormali ties and pulmonary function changes and has found the American Medical Association's criteria for disability "fre quently useful," except in assessing lesser degrees of disabil ity. The British Medical Research Council's criteria "are even less suitable," he added, since they were developed primarily for emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In an effort to overcome this continuing problem, the company medical director reported, Du Pont has contracted with Selikoff to help develop a system "for a quantitative, reproducible, analytical method for the evaluation of pulmo nary disability." Culpepper told BNA that the project has been in the works for about a year and that the comply hopes to get some thing definitive this year so that it c*n "begin setting some real boundaries for medical determination of pulmonary disability for asbestosis." Since Du Pont knows little about the risk of developing disabling conditions from asbestos-related abnormalities, Culpepper said that the company also is beginning an epide miologic study of all employees and pensioners with asbes tos-related abnormalities. He anticipated that the data would be helpful "to quantitate the risk of future malignan cies, impaired lung function, or other diseases," as well as in assessing "the relative contributions of cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure to pulmonary disease and impaired lung function." Benzene BENZENE CALLED MULTI-POTENTIAL CARCINOGEN, BUT DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP SEEN UNCLEAR NEW YORK -- (By a BNA Staff Correspondent) -- Al though the dose-response relationship between exposure to benzene and the occurrence of leukemia is still unclear, it is certain that benzene is an indirect-acting, multi-potential carcinogen, Arthur Upton, of New York University, conclud ed in summing up the results of an international conference on the substance. The conference, sponsored by the Collegium Ramazzini, focused on recent experimental observations regarding car cinogenicity, blood dyscerasias, and toxicology associated with benzene. Results presented by scientists attending the conference indicated that benzene produces leukemia and many other cancers in laboratory animals and there is "cause to believe that it produces the same results in humans, although this is not yet proven," according to Upton. The following conclu sions also were drawn by Upton: Variations in the duration and extent of exposure may be responsible for production of the different types of cancer found in the laboratory animals. Age and sex of the exposed animals affect their physical responses to benzene exposure. A risk assessment modeled to an exposure dose is still difficult at this point Upton emphasized the need to determine the metabolic derivative or active principal in benzene that causes leuke mia. He also stressed the need for better empirical data and additional animal research to determine the effects of inter mittent peak exposures as opposed to time-weighted averages. Most conference speakers agreed that determination of a dose/time relationship for benzene, or the impact of inter mittent exposure vs. constant exposure in the development of leukemia, is crucial. Health Effects of Benzene Exposure Muzaffer Aksoy of Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey, as serted that leukemia develops through both genetic factors and environmental factors, citing familial studies indicating that some people are genetically more susceptible to leukemia. 11-10-63 * * Copyright 1963 by THb Bureau of National Affair*. Inc. 009$-3237/63/S0+.90 ALCQA000000874 y( rzc & : HAS industrial ALCOAO 000008742 FROM BARRY L. CLARK PITTSBURGH OFFICE TO J. E. SANDER - 6 AB 1984 January 24 bdd 1 EER I TBB <- SC Z DEH co CD o PW RE: ASBESTOS EMISSION STANDARDS iS lmM -?2 EDS Demolition or renovation work being done at a number of Alcoa operat' locations resulted in requests for information regarding regulatory requirements for asbestos. This wide distribution of those requirements is intended to familiarize those not aware and update those who are. The Clean Air Act regulates asbestos under Subpart B of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP). A copy of the regulations currently in effect is Attachment 1. The Environmental Protection Agency proposed amendments to these standards on July 13, 1983 (Attachment 2) but they have not been promulgated as of this date. Regardless of when these amendments are promulgated, the effect on current requirements will be insignificant. Another document (Attachment 3) which may be helpful to you is an Industrial Hygiene Technical Bulletin issued June 15, 1983 by the Industrial Hygiene Department. This bulletin mentions the EPA requirements which are a responsibility of Environmental Control personnel. Assuming that asbestos will not be used on any new projects within Alcoa, the following is a synopsis of the NESHAP requirements that plant Environmental Control personnel should keep in mind. 1. Notification There are notification requirements if any friable asbestos is to be removed during demolition or renovation ot any structure or building. Notification requirements differ depending upon the amount of friable asbestos involved. "Friable asbestos material" means any material that contains more than 1% asbestos by weight and can be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder when dry, by hand pressure. 2. Air Emission Standard In contrast to most air emission standards which are based on pollutant concentrations in a volume of air, this standard is written as "visible emissions." It should be emphasized that during any operations or handling of friable asbestos material there shall not be any visible emissions to the outside air. O ALCOA ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL ALCOAO 000008743 Memorandum 1984 January 24 Page 2 "Visible emissions" means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments and which contain particulate asbestos material. L 3. Application Almost any process involving the use of friable asbdstos. Demolition or renovation of any structure or building containing friable asbestos. o Stripping or removing friable asbestos from pipes, conduit, boilers, etc. t Handling and disposal of friable asbestos. 4. Control Two basic means of control are discussed in the regulations. a Keep the friable asbestos wet with water during operations and handling. Air cleaning is permitted using fabric filter collection devices as specified in the regulations. 5. Disposal Asbestos-containing waste materials can be wetted or mixed with water into a slurry and sealed into leak-tight containers while wet. After labeling with a warning label, the containers are deposited at a sanitary landfill provided the waste is covered with soil. Asbestos-containing waste materials can be formed into non-friable pellets or other shapes and deposited at a sanitary landfill. Asbestos-containing wastes can be adequately mixed, with a wetting agent recommended by the agent manufacturer, to effectively wet tailings and dust prior to disposition at the disposal site. 6. Disposal Sites Inactive Sites -- The perimeter of the site must be fenced and posted with warning signs at all entrances. The asbestoscontaining material must be covered as specified in the regulations. ALCOAOOOOOQ8744 Memorandum 1984 January 24 Page 3 Active Sites -- The perimeter must also be fenced and posted. Asbestos-containing material must be covered at the end of!each working day or at least once every 24 hours during continuous operation and in accordance with regulatory specifications. This synopsis is only meant to make the reader aware of requirements involved when dealing with asbestos. If asbestos is found present during any demolition or renovation projects, please follow the provided regulations. If you have questions concerning these requirements, please contact me. BARRY U 'CLARK BLC/llc Attachments Distribution: Environmental Control Contacts Engineering Managers - Plant cc: R. H. Carwile - 7 AB G. J. Crouth - 7 AB J. E. Sander - 6 AB ALCOAOOOOOQ8745 ATTACHMENT 1 S-492 121:0461 tli- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGULATIONS ON NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (40 CFR 61; 38 FR 8820, April 6, 1973; Amended as shown in Code of Federal Regulations, Volume 40, Revised as of July 1, 1978; 43 FR 47692, October 16, 1978; 44 FR 7714, February 7, 1979; 44 FR 55174, September 25, 1979; 44 FR 65399, November 13, 1979; 45 FR 13074, February 28, 1980) PART 61--NATIONAL EMISSION STAND Subpart E--National Emlsslen Standard ter Method 107--Determination of vinyl chloride ARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS Mercury of Inprocesa wnattwatcr samples, and vinyl Subpart A--Central Previsions 130 Applicability. 0131 Definitions. chloride content of polyvinyl chloride resin, slurry, wet cake, and latex samples. 1.01 Applicability. >1.02 Definitions. 1.03 Abbreviation*. Cl 32 Emission standard. 0133 Stack sampling. 6134 Sludge sampling. Sonet: SB PR 8C24, Apr. 0, 1673. unless otherwise noted. 1.04 Address. l.W Emission monitoring. Authority: Sec. 112. 301(a) of the Clean C! .05 Prohibited activities. Air Act as amended (43 U3C 7412. 01.00 Determination of construction or Subpart F--National Emission Standard far Vinyl 7801(a)]. unless otherwise noted. modification. Chloride 107 Application for approval of construc 6100 Applicability. Subpart A--General Provisions tion or modification. 01.61 Definitions. 5 T. 1.01 A|iptirabiliiy. l.oa Approval by Administrator. 01.00 Notification of startup. 1.10 Sourcs reporting and walvtr request. 61.62 61.03 Emission standard for tthylene dlchlorlde plants. Emi'slon standard for vinyl chloride The provisions of this part apply to the owner or operator of any stationary 1.11 Waiver of compliance. 1.12 Emission test* and monltorln*. 01.13 Waiver of emission tests. 1.14 Source test and analytical methods. plants. source for which a standard is prescribed 61.64 Emission standard for polyvinyl chlo under this part. ride plants. f 61.02 Definitions. Sl.lt Availability of Information. 1.10 State authority. 1.17 Circumvention. 61.66 Emission standard for ethylene dlehlorlde. vinyl chloride and poly vinyl ehlorldc plants. 161.02 amended by 44 FR S5174, September 2S. 1979] 61.66 Equivalent equipment and procedures. The terms used in this part are defined in Subpert B--National Emission Standard far Asbestos 01.20 131 0132 61.23 134 8130 Applicability. Definitions. Emission standard. Air-cleaning. Reporting. Wests disposal sites. Subpart C--Nsttenel Emlsslen Standard ter Beryllium 8130 131 132 61.33 6134 Applicability. Definitions. Emission standard. Stack sampling. Air sampling. Subpsrt D--National Emission Standard ter Beryllium Racket Water Firing 1.40 Applicability. 1.41 Definition!. 61.67 Emission test*. 01.68 Emission monitoring. 61 00 Initial report. 61.70 Semiannual report. 61.72 Recordkeeping. National Emlslon Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Appendix A--Compliance Status Information. Appendix D--Test Methods. Method 101--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gueous mercury emissions from stationary sources (air streams). Method 102--Reference method for determi nation of particulate and gaseous mercury emissions from stationery sources (hydro gen streams). Method 103--Beryllium screening method. Method 104--Reference method for determi nation of beryllium emissions from sta tionary sourest. Method 10#--Method for determination of (he Act or in this section as follows: "Act" means the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 18S7etseq). "Administrator" means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative. "Alternative method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant which is not a reference or equivalent method but which has been demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction to. in specific cases, produce results adequate for his deter mination of compliance. "Commenced" means, with respect to the definition of "new source" in section 111(a)(2) of the Act. that an owner or op erator has undertaken a continuous program of construction or modification or that an owner or operator has entered into a con tractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a reasonable time, a continuous pro gram of construction or modification. 01.42 Emission standard. mercury in wastewater treatment plant "Compliance schedule" means the date or 81.43 Emission testing--roekst firing or pro sewage sludges. dates by which a source or category of sources pellent disposal. Method 106--Determination of vinyl chloride is required to comply with the standards of 1.44 Stack sampling. from stationary sources. this part and with any steps toward such 3-2B-80 [See. 81.02) Publisned by Th BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS INC WASHINGTON DC 20037 67 ALCOA0000008746 121:0462 FEDERAL REGULATIONS compliance which are act forth in a waiver of compliance under $61.11. "Construction" means fabrication, erec tion. or installation of an affected facility. "Effective date" is the dale of promuliation in the Federal Register of an applicable standard or other refutation under this part. "Equivalent method" means any method of sampling Mid analyzing for an air pollutant which has been demonstrated to the Ad ministrator's satisfaction to have a consistent and quantitatively known relationship to the reference method, under specified conditions. "Existing source" means any stationary source which is not a new source. "Modification" means any physical change in- or change in the method or operation of. a stationary source which increases the amount of any hazardous air pollutant emitted by such source. or which results in the emission of any hazardous air pollutant not previously emitted, except that: (a i Routine maintenance, repair, and replacement shall not be considered physical changes, and (bi The following shall not be considered a change in the method of operation: (ll An increase in the production rate, if such increase does not exceed the operating design capacity of the stationary source; (2) An increase in hours of operation. "New source" means any stationary source, the construction or modification of which is commenced after the publication in the Federal Register of proposed national emission standards for hazardous air pol lutants which will be applicable to such source. "Owner or operator" means any person who owns, leases, operates, controls, or supervises a stationary source. "Reference method" means any method of sampling and analyzing for an air pollutant, as described in Appendix B to this part. "Standard" means a national emission standard for a hazardous air pollutant pro posed or promulgated under this part. "Startup" means the setting in operation of * stationary source for any purpose. "Stationary source" means any building, structure, facility or installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant which has been designated as hazardous by the Administrator. | 61.03 limit* and abbreviation*. Used In this part are abbreviations and symbols of units of measure. These aro defined as follows: (a) System International (01) units of measure: Asaznpera (strain Bssberta Jsjoule Ks decree Kelvin kgskiiograa as meter m>* cubic meter angs milligrams 10 1 gram mmsmllUaMtersio-' mater afgmmegwgrwms 10* gram mol s mole Pm newton ng snanocreraslO-* cram nm=nanometer=10* meter Aspaml eseeeond VsTOlt Wswatt nsomh *g smlcrocransio-e gram <b> Other units of measure: 'Csdegree Celsius (eenUcrade) cfmscubte feet par minute ccs cubic centimeter dstfay fa degree Fahrenheit ft's square feet ft*s cubic (set cals gallon ln=Inch la Hg s laches of mercury in H.Os inches of water lauter lbs pound IBplmAssDU^teDrUpte#r minute mlsmlllllltersio-1 liter oesouncss pelgs pounds per square Inch C*C* Rsdegree Rename ulsmicroUterslO-* liter e/es volume per relume yd'seqtiart yards yrsyeer (c) Chemical nomenclature: Be s beryllium HgsaMrcury R^Os water Itepon VI (Arkansas. Louisians n< M*u.o, Oklahoma. Teass), 1400 Faneiwon nt.e-t. Dallas. Ttxaa 73301. Region VU (Iowa. Kansas. Missouri. Nchrwaksl. 1733 Baltimore Bueet, Xanaer. City kL.viurl 63103. tev'ton VIII (ColorsdoiMontana. North Da* *ta. South Dakota. Utah. Wyoming), ISO Liucoln Tovars. 1SSO Llaboln Street. Denver, Colorado (0203. Redon IX (Arizona. California, Hawaii. Nevada. Ouam. American Samoa), 100 Cali fornia Street, San Francisco, California S4IU. Region X (Washington. Oregon. Idaho, A'*ka), 1200 Sixth Avenue, SeatUe. Wash ington 81101. b) Section 112(d) directs the 'Admin istrator to delegate to each State, when appropriate, the authority to implement and enforce the national emissionstand ard* for hazardous sir pollutants for sta tionary sources located In such State. Ail information required to be submitted to EPA under paragraph (a) of this sec tion. must also be submitted to the ap propriate State Agency of any 6tat<* to whloh this authority has been delegated (provided that each specific delegation may exempt sources fqom a certain liiV*1 orJSUte rcportlng.requlrement). The appropriate mailing address for thorn States whose delegation request hat been approved U as follows: (d) Miscellaneous: (A) |reserved| acts actual ergs average ID. s inside diameter Ms molar (Bl But* of Alshama. Air PaOattoa Oamtrot Division, AN FaUutton Central ***"--~*~sion. S4S s McDonough Btrset, Montgomery, Nsnormal OJP.s outside diameter %s percent |41 FR 40467, September 20. 1976| (O |reserved| ettfs standard (D) Arisons: (42 FR 31374, September 29. 1977] Maricopa County Department of Health Services. Bureau of Air Pollution Control, 1(23 East Roosevelt Street. Phoenix. AZ 63004. Pima County Health Deportment, Air 61.04 A'ldr,***. Quality Control District, 181 West Congress. a All requests, reports, applications. Tucson. AZ 63701. uomittals, and other communications to (E) |reierved| the Administrator pursuant to this pari Miall be submitted in duplicate aiu ad dressed to the appropriate Regional Oi- fire of the Environmental Protection Agency, to the Attention of the Dr<-'or buiurcemeut Division. The regional of- Beds are as follows: Reflon X (Con. fcneut. Maine, New Waniphire. MaasecbuMlU. Rhode Island, Ver P-Califomia: (Pi California: Bay Area Air Pollution Control District. 38 EUls Street. Son Francisco. CA 84108. Del Norte County Air Pollution Central District. Courthouse. Crescent City. CA 83531. Fresno County Air Pollution Control Dis mont), John F. Xenuedy Federal BuildIns trict, SIS S. Cedar Avenue, Fresno. CA Boston. Massachueetts 03201. Region II (New York. New Jersey. Wien*' Mco. Virgin Inlands). Federal OlBca Buildui|. M Federal Plaza (Foley Square), New York, N Y. 10007. Begloa III (Delaware. Dlilrtct of Cotuiiibln. ft iineylvania, Maryland, Virginia. Wc-i Vir- 3702. Humboldt County Air Pollution Control District, 3400 8. Broadway, Eureka. CA 3301. Kern County Air Pollution Control Dis trict. 1700 Flower Street (P.O. Box 8971, Ba gi l.a). Curtis Building. Sixth and Walnut kersfield. CA *3301 Streets, Philadelphia, Fenneylvania 1010<1. Re>.tou IV (Alabama, Florida. Georgia. Mi*- Madera County Air Pollution Control Dis *l aippl, Kentucky. North Caraltua, South trict. us W. YooemiU Avenue. Madera. CA O.rollna. Tenneaaee). Sulla 300. 14*1 Faach(K-e Street, Atlsota, Oeorgla 30300 Region V (Illinois. Indiana. Minnesota. 3437. Mendocino County Air Pollution Control Michigan, Ohio. Witcontin), 230 South Hear, District, County Oourlhouse. Ukiah. CA hnrn Sircci. Chicjiin, lllinot* A0604 4342. Environment Reporter (Sec. 61,04(bl) 44 ALCOA0000008747 HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS S-492 121:0463 Monterey Bay Unified Air PoUutlon Coo- trol District, 4JO Church Street (P.O. Box 467). Salinas. CA 63601. Northern Sonoma County Air Pollution Control District. MU QianaCsRoad. Santa iW> Massachuaetu Department eg Environmental Quality Engineering, DWMon of Air Quality Control, 800 Washfegteffi Street, Boston. Massachu setts 02111 160 04(b)(kk) added by 44 FR 65400. November 13. 1979] (III I Reserved) tMM)--State of Oregon. Department ot Environmental Quality. 1234 SW Mor Rota. CA 66404. (41 Fk 19633 May 13. 1976j rison Street, Pogtland, Oregon 97205. Sacramento County Air Pollution Control District. 1701 Branch Center Road. Sacra mento, CA 66837. San Dteto County Air Pollution Control District, JIM Chesapeake Drive, San Dleco. CAMIM. Ban Joaquin County Air Pollution Control District. 1601 E. Baselton Street (P.O. Boa J006), Stockton. CA 65301. Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Con trol District. 4440 Calls Real. Santa Bar bara. CA MHO. Shasta County Air Pollution Control Dis trict. 165$ Placer Street. Redtllna. CA 66001. South Coast Air Quality Management Dis trict. 0420 Telstar Avenue. D Monte, CA tint. (Xi State of Michigan. Air Pollution Ooatrot Division, Michigan Departmant of Natu- heeuna, SUvena T. Mason Building, *:h Moor, lonalng. Mlchlgaa 4SS3S. 41 FR 1914, Jsnuary 13. 1976) (T) Klhhtsou Pollution Control Agency. Division of Ait Quality. 1665 West County Bond B-2. Boeevtlle, Minn. 56115. (43 FR 10, January 3, 1978] (ZHAA) (reserved) (BS) BM6e of! MouUoa. (Department ot mlth aasd tovtroameaMi Bnlccmaa. OngewoU Building. Belesa. iteat. 66601. (42 FR 44545. September 6, 1977] (CC) (reserved) [41 FR 775(tr February 20. 1976) (NN) (a) Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (except for City of Philadelphia and Alle gheny County) Pennsylvania Department, of Environmental Resources. Bureau of Air Quality and Noise Control. Poet (MBcv Box 2063, Herrlsburg. Pennsylvania 17130. (NN) (b) City of Philadelphia. Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Air Management Service*. 101 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania 19107. (42 FR 6812. February 4. 1977] (OO) Sute of Rhode Island. Department of Environmental Management. 63 Park Street, Providence. R.I. 02606 Stanislaus County Air Pollution Control District. 120 Scenic Drive. Modesto, CA 66350. Trinity County Air Pollution Control Dis trict, Box AJ. Weavervllle. CA 66063. Ventura County Air Pollution Control District. 635 E Santa Clara 8treet, Ventura. CA 66001. |43FR 20988. May 16. 1978) (Ol--State of Colorado. Colorado Air Pollution Control Division. 4310 East (DD> Nevada: Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of Environmen tal Protection. 301 South Pall 8treet. Canon City. NV 66710. Oark County County District Health De partment. Air Pollution Control Division. 635 Shadow Lane. Us Vegas. NV M106. Washoe County District Health Depart ment. Division of Environmental Protection. 10 Birman Avenue, Reno. NV 16502. [43 FR 47692. October 16, 1978) (PP) Bute of South Carolina. Office of En vironmental Quality Control. Department of Health and Environmental Control, 3600 Bull Street, Columbia, South Carolina 26201. 142 FR 4124, January 24, 1977| (QQ, RR) (reserved) <8S> Sute of Texas, Texas Air Con trol Board. 8520 Shoal Creek Boule vard. Austin, Texas 78768. Uth Avenue. Denver, Colorado 80220. |4G FR 50719. October 31. 19?S| (H) Sute of Connecticut. Department (43 FR 20988, May 16,1978) (EE) New Hampshire Air Pollution (44 FR 7714, February 7, 1979) til) (reserved) ot QivuonmentsJ Protection, 8tate Offce Control Agency, Department of Health (TO)--Sute of Vermont. Agency of Environ Building. Hartford. Connecticut 08115 and Welfare, State Laboratory Building. mental Protection. Boa 446. Montpelier, Ver (41 FR 11820. March 21 19761 (I) Sute of Delaware (for asbestos, beryl lium and mercury only* Delaware Depart Hazes Drive, Concord. New Hampshire 03301. [41 FR 19633, May 13. 1976J mont 06602. (42 FR 1215, January 6, 19771 <W> Commonwealth of Virginia, Vir ment of Natural Resources and Environ mental Control. Edward Tatnall Building. Dover. Delaware 16801. [43 FR 6771, February 16. 1978) (JMK) [reterved] (L) Suit ot Georgia. Environmental Pro tection Division. Department of Natural Rsoureet. 270 Washington Street, 8.W, At lanta. OoorgU 60634. (41 FR 24885, June 21. 19761 (MHO) (reserved) (P) sute of Indiana. Indiana Air Pollutsoa Control Board. 1560 Weat Michigan Sweat, Indianapoba, Indiana 46306. (41 FR 43148. September 30, 1976) (81 Division of Air Pollution ControtDepartment for Natural Rcsouraa and lavironmental Protection. CA. 137. PVmnkfott. Ky. 40601. (43 FR 3361, January 25, 1978) (D) suit of saalno. Department of *nvltwssOantM Pretaottoa. StoU Sousa, Augusta. BBdat 04530. itO FR 59729. December 30. 19751 (V> Stale of Maryland. Bureau of Air Qualn> and Noise Control. Maryland Stale Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 201 West Preston Street. Baltimore. Maryland (FT)--SUte of Ntw Jersey: New Jeney De partment of Environmental Protection. John Pitch Plasa, P.O. Box 2807, Trenton. Ntw Jersey 06625. [42 FR 37387. July 21. 1977) (CC) (reserved) (HH)--New Tort: New York Bute Depart ment of Environmental Conservation. SO Wolf Bead. Albany. New York 13222. attention: Dtvlhon of llr Easrmtnas (40 FR 48347, October 15, 1975) (IT) North Carolina Envlronmenul Man agement Commission. Department ol Natural aud Economic Resources. Division of Envl ronmenul Management, P.O. Box 27S37. Ra leigh. North Carolina 27611. Attention: Air Quality Section. [41 FR 56805. December 30, 1976| (JJ)--State eg North Dakota. State De partment of Health, State Capitol. Bismarck. North DakoU 56501. [41 FR 44859, October 13. 1976) (kk) Ohio Montgomery County: Regions! Air Pol lution Control Agency. Montgomery County Combined General Health District, 451 West Third Street. Dayton. Ohio 45402. Clarke. Darke. Greene. Miami and Preble Counties (except for all information required ginia SUte Air Pollution Control Board, Room 1106. Ninth Street Office Build ing. Richmond, Virginia 232J9. [41 FR 8346. February 26. 1976| (WW) (1) Washington: SUte of Wash ington. Department ot Ecology. Olym pia, Washington 68504. til) Northwest Air Pollution Author ity. 207 Pioneer Building. Second and Pine Streets, Mount Vernon, Washing* von 98273. (Ill) Puget Sound Air Pollution Con trol Agency. 410 West Harrison Street. Seattle, Washington 98119. tlv) Spokane County Air Pollution Control Authority. North 811 Jefferson. Spokane. Washington 99201. () Yakima County Cleon Air Author ity. County Courthouse, Yakima, Wash ington 88901. 140 FR 58640, December 18, 1975) (vl) Olympic Air Pollution Control Au thority, 120 East Sute Avenue. Olympic, Washington 68501. (Vtl) Southwest Air Pollution Control Au thority. Suite 7601 H. NX Haul Dell Avrmic. t'ancniiver. Washington 66645. (41 FR 4264. Jtnutry 29. 1976) (XX) (reserved!. (YY) Wisconsin-- 21201 under 461.22(d) and (e)J: Montgomery Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (61 04< b X V) added by 45 FR 13074. County Combined General Health District. P.O. Boa 7931. Madison, Wisconsin 53707. February 28. 1980] 451 west Third Street. Dayton, Ohio 45402. |42 FR 16778, March 30. 1977) 3-28-80 (Sac. Sl.Odlbll Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 ALCOAO 000008748 121:0464 FEDERAL REGULATIONS (ZZ) (iciervedl. f 61.07 AppUeatiaa fee uptvva! mt (AAA) (itiervedl ta--Iractioa mt modification. (a) The owner or operator at any new (Bl|-Oonnoii*Mltt of Puerto Rico source to which a standard prescribed Cosotenveeltli of Puerto Rico Savina- Jwider this part is applicable shall, prior sentel Quelltr Board. P.O. Bos IITU. .ten- to the date on which construction o tRree. PJtmiO modification is planned to commence, qf (42 E* 62131. December 9, 1977) within SO days after the affective date te the eaee at a new source that already ,tCCC)--U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Vir has commenced construction or madlfi- gin Islands Department of Conservation catlop and has not begun operation, sub and Cultural Affairs. P.O. Box 578, Char mit to the Administrator an application lotte Amalie. 8t. Thomas, UB. Virgin for approval of such construction or Islands OOSOl. modification. A separate application shall |41 FR 24629, August 16. 1976) be submitted for each stationary source. (b) Each application shall Include: (DDD) |reserved!. (1 The name and address of the ap (39 FR 37987, October 25. 1974; 40 FR 18169. April 25. 1975; 40 FR 42195. September 11. I97s| plicant. (3) The location or proposed location of the eouroe. (2) Technical Information describing | 6I.0S Prohibited aetiviliee. the proposed nature, rise, design, operat (a) After the effective date of any ing design capacity, and method of oper standard prescribed under this part, no ation of the source. Including a descrip owuer or operator shall construct or mod tion of any equipment to be used for ify any stationary source subject to such control of emissions. Such technical In standard without first obtaining written formation snail include calculations of approval of the Administrator in accord amission estimates in sufficient detail to ance with this subpart, except under an pannit assessment of the validity at such exemption granted by the President calculations. under section 113(c) (3) of the act Sources, the construction or modification | fil.08 Approval by Administrator. if which commenced after the publics- (a) The Administrator will, within M t. id date of the standards proposed to days of receipt of sufficient Information be applicable to such source, are subject to evaluate an application under 161.07, t> this prohibition. notify the owner or operator af approval tb> After the effective dete of any standard prescribed under this part, no owner or operator shall operate any new source in violation of such standard ex or intention to deny approval of con struction or modification. hi If the Administrator determines that a stationary eouroe for which an cept under an exemption granted by the application pursuant to | 61.07 was sub President under section 112(c) (2) of the mitted will. If properly operated, not act. cause emissions in violation of a stand (e> Ninety days after the effective date ard, he will approve the eonstroetton or of any standard prescribed under this modification of euch source. part, no owner or operator shall operate (c> Prior to denying any application any existing stationary source In viola for approval of construction or modifica tion of such standard, except under a tion pursuant to this section, the Admin waiver granted by the Administrator li) istrator will notify the owner or operator accordance with this subpart or under making such application of the Admin an exemption granted by the President istrator's Intention to Issue such denial, under section 112(c) (2) of the act. together with: (d) No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall fat) to report, revise reports, or report source <1> Notice of tne Information and finding* an which such intended denial is based, and test results as required under this part. (2) Notice of opportunity for such | 61.06 Determination of eoaelruciioa owner or operator to present, within such time limit as the. Administrator shall or modification. specify, additional information or argu Upon written application by an owner ments to the Administrator prior to final or operator, the Administrator will make action on such application a determination of whether actions taken (d) A final determination to deny any or intended to be taken by such owner application for approval win be In writ or operator constitute construction. or ing and will mt forth the specific grounds modification or the commencement on which such denial Is based. Such final thereof within the meaning of this part. determination will be made within 60 Hie Administrator will within 30 days days of presentation of additional Infor of receipt of sufficient Information to mation or arguments, or 60 days after evaluate an application, notify the owner the final date specified for presentation, or operator of hie determination. if no presentation Is made. <e> Neither the submission of an ap plication for approval nor the Admin istrator's granting of approval to con struct or modify shall: (1) Relieve an owner or operator of local responsibility fpr compliance with any applicable provirion of this part or of any other applicable Federal, Btate,or local requirement, or (2) Prevent the Administrator from implementing or enforcing this part or taking any other action under (the act. | (1M Notification mt surtap. (a) Any owner or operator of a source which ha* an initial startup after the affective date of a standard prescribed tmder this part shall furnish the Adminktrator written notification as follows: (t) A notification of the anticipated date of initial startup of the source not more than go days norleu than 30 days prior to such date. (1) A notification of the actual data of Initial startup of the source within 18 day* after such data. (Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act at amendad (42 Ufi.C. 7414)) 6 61.10 Source reporting and waiver to qam. (a) The owner or operator of any existing source, or any. new source to which aetanderd prescribed under this part is applicable which had an Initial startup which preceded the effective date of a standard prescribed tmder this part shall, within 90 day* after the effective date, provide the following information in writing to the Administrator: (11 Name and address of the owner or operator. (3) The location at the source. i3> The type of hazardous pofiuUnts emitted by the stationary source. (4) A brief description of the nature size, design, and method of operation of the stationary source including the op erating design capacity M sue', source. Identify eeefi point of emission for each hazardous poDutanL <S) The average weight per month of the hazardous materials oetng proceeded by the source, over the last 12 monthpreceding the date of the report. (> A description of the existing con trol equipment for each emission pplnh (1) Primary control device(s) for eaeh hazardous pollutant. (U> Secondary control device(a) for iifh hiurdoui pollutant, (111) Estimated control efficiency (per cent) for each control device. (7) A statement by the owner or oper ator of th* source as to whether he ean Environment Reporter (Sec. 61.10(a)(7)] 70 ALCOAOOOOOQ8749 HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS S412 12V0466 oomply with the standards prescribed la this pert within 90 days of the effective date. (b) The owner or operator of in exist ing source uneble to operate in compli ance with any standard prescribed under this part may request a waiver of com pliance with such standard for a period not exceeding 2 rears from the effective date. Any request shall be in writing and shall Include the following information: (1) A description of the controls to be instilled to comply with the standard. .'(2) A compliance schedule, including the date each step toward compliance will be reached. Such list shall include as a minimum the following dates: (e) Prior to denying any request for a waiver pursuant to this section, thi Administrator will notify the owner or operator making such request of the Ad ministrator's Intention to issue such denial, together with: (1) Notice of the Information and findings on which such Intended denial is based, and (2) Notice of opportunity for such owner or operator to present, within such time limit as the Administrator specifies, additional information or argu ments to the Administrator prior to final action on such request. (d> A final determination to deny any request for a waiver will be in writing all source teats required under this pan. unless an equivalent method or an al ternative method has been approved by the Administrator. <b) Method ,103 in appendix B to this part is hereby, approved by the Admin istrator as ah- alternative method for sources subject to f 61.32(a) and i ST42 (b). (c) The Administrator may, after no tice to the owner or operator, withdraw approval of an alternative method granted under paragraphs (a), <b> or (d) of this section. Where the test results using an alternative method do not ade quately Indicate whether a source Is In (1) Date by which contracts for emis sion control systems or process modifica tions will be awarded, or date by which orders will be issued tor the purchase of component parts to accomplish emis sion control or process modification: tii) Date of initiation of onsite con struction or installation of emission con trol equipment or process change; (ill) Date by which onsite construc tion or installation of emission control and will set forth the specific grounds on compliance with a standard, the Ad which such denial is based. Such final ministrator may require the use of the determination will be made within 60 reference method or its equivalent. days after presentation of additional in (d) Method 105 in Appendix B to this formation or arguments, or 60 day* after part is hereby approved by the Adminis the final, date specified for such presen trator as an alternative method for tation, if no presentation is made. , sources subject to I 61.52(b). (e) The granting of a waiver unde, (40 FR 48292, October 14, 1975, this section shall not abrogate the Ad (Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 ministrator's authority under section 114 U.S.C. 7414)) of the act. 61.IS Availability of information. equipment or process modification is to The availability to the public of in be completed; and $ 61.12 Emission tests and monitoring. formation provided to. or otherwise ob <iv) Date by which final compliance is (a) Emission tarts and monitoring tained by. the Administrator under this to be achieved. <3> A description of interim emission control steps which will be taken during the waiver period. (c> Changes in the information pro vided under paragraph (a) of this section shall be provided to the Administrator within 30 days after such change, except that if changes will result from modifica tion of the source, as defined in I 61.02 (]), the provisions of t 61.07 and i 61.08 are applicable. (d) The format for reporting under this section is Included as appendix A of this part. Advice on reporting the status of compliance may be obtained from the Administrator. shall be conducted and reported as set forth in this part and appendix B to this part. (b) The owner or operator of a new source subject to this part, and at the request of the Administrator, the owner or operator of an existing source sub ject to this part, shall provide or cause to be provided, emission testing facili ties as follows: (1) Sampling ports adequate for test methods applicable to such source. <2> Safe sampling platform(s). (3) Sale access to sampling plat form (s). (4) Utilities for sampling and testing equipment. part shall be governed by Put 2 of this chapter, [41 FR 36918, September 1. 1976) (Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act u amended (42 U.S.C. 7414)) 61.16 Sletr authority. (a) The provisions of this part shall not be construed in any manner to pre clude any State or political subdivision thereof from: (1) Adopting and enforcing any emis sion limiting regulation applicable to a stationary source, provided that such emission limiting regulation Is not less stringent than the standards prescribed (Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414)) (Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414)) 61.1$ Waiver of cmwiioi leal*. under this put. (2) Requiring the owner or operator of a stationary source, other than a sta | (1.11 Waiver of compliance, (a) Based on the information provided In any request under I 61.10, or other in formation. the Administrator may grant a waiver of compliance with a standard for a period not exceeding 2 years from the effective data of such standard. (a) Emission testa may be waived upon written application to the Admin istrator if, m hh judgment, the source is meeting the standard, or if the source is operating under a waiver of compliance or has requested a waiver of compliance. (b) If application for waiver of the emission test is made, such application shall accompany the information re tionary source owned or operated by the United States, to obtain permits, licenses, or approvals prior to Initiating construc tion, modification, or operation of such source. (Sec. 114 of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414.) (b) Such waiver will be In writing and quired by i 61.10. The appropriate form will: is contained in appendix A to this ,>art. 6 61.17 Circumvention. <1> Identify the stationary source covered. <2> Specify the termination date of the waiver. The waiver may be termi nated at an eariier date if the conditions specified under paragraph (b> (3) of this section are not met._______________ (3) Specify dates by which steps to ward compliance are to be taken; and Impose such additional conditions as the Administrator determines to be neces sary to assure installation of the neces sary controls within the waiver_ period, and to assure protection of Die health (c) Approval of any waiver grai.ted pursuant to this section shall not abro gate the Administrator's authority under the act or in any way prohibit the Ad ministrator from later canceling such waiver. Such cancellation will be made only after notice la given to the owner or operator of the source. (Sec. 114.of the Clean Air Act is amended (42 U.S.C. 7414)) $ 61.14 Source lest sad analytical meth ods. (a) Methods 101, 102, and 104 In ap No owner or operator subject to the provisions of this part shall build, erect, install, or use any article, machine, equipment, process, or method, the use of which conceals an emission which would otherwise constitute a violation of an applicable standard. Such concealment includes, but is not limited to. the use of gaseous dilutants to achieve compliance with a visible emissions standard, and the piecemeal carrying out of an opera tion to avoid coverage by a standard that applies only to operations larger than a specified size. of persons during the waiver period. pendix B to this part shall be used for [40 FR 48292. October 14. 1975| S-1S78 [Sac. 61.171 Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., WASHINGTON. D.C. 10037 *7 A1W0000008750 121:0466 FEDERAL REGULATIONS Subpart S--National taxation StanSard tar Aaboatoa | (1J0 Applicability* The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to those sources specified in I 61.22. 161*21 Definition*. Terms used in this subpart are defined In the act. in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: <a) "Asbestos" means actlnollte. amosite. anthophyllite. chrysotile, eroddolite, tremolite. (b) "Asbestos material" means as bestos or any material containing as* bEttot. (c) "Particulate asbestos material" means finely divided particles of asbestos material. (d) "Asbestos tailings" means any solid waste product of asbestos mining or milling operations which contains as bestos. re) "Outside air" means the air out side buildings and structures. <f> "Visible emissions" means any emissions which are visually detectable without the aid of instruments and which contain particulate asbestos material. (g) "Asbestos mill" means any facility engaged in the conversion or any inter mediate step in the conversion of asbestos ore into commercial asbestos. Outside storage of asbestos materials is not con sidered a part of such facility. (h) "Commercial asbestos" means any variety of asbestos which is produced by extracting asbestos from asbestos ore. (I) "Manufacturing" means the com bining of commercial asbestos, or in the case of woven friction products the com bining of textiles containing commercial asbestos, with any other materlalls), in cluding commercial asbestos, and the processing of this combination into a product as specified in i 61.22(0. (J) "Demolition" means the wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member and any related re moving or stripping of friable asbestos materials. <k> "Priable asbestos material" means any material that contains more than -1 percent asbestos by weight and that can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder, when dry. by hand pressure. (l) "Control device asbestos waste" means any asbestos-containing waste material that is collected in a pollution control device. (m) "Renovation" means the remov ing or stripping of friable asbestos ma terials used on any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural member. Operations In which load-supporting structural members are wrecked or taken out are excluded. |Fus|r^>h (m) revised by 43 TO 26373, June <n) "Planned renovation" means a Tenovation operation, or a number of such operations. In which the amount of friable asbestos material that will be removed or stripped within a given pe riod of time can be predicted. Operations that are Individually non-scheduled are Included; provided a number of such op erations can be predicted to occur during a given period of time based on operating experience. <o> "Bnergency renovation" means a renovation operation that results from a sudden, unexpected event, and is not a planned renovation. Operations necessi tated by non-routine failures of equip ment are included. (p) "Adequately wetted" means suf ficiently mixed or coated with water or an aqueous solution to prevent dust emissions. <q> "Removing" ipeans taking out friable asbestos materials used on any pipe. duct, boiler, tank, reactor, tur bine. furnace, or structural member from any building, structure, facility, or Installation. (r> "Stripping" means taking off fri able asbestos materials from any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, fur nace. or structural member. (Paragnph (q) and (r) revtod by 43 FR 26373, June19.1976] (s) "Fabricating'', means any process ing of a manufactured produet contain ing commercial asbestos, with the ex ception of processing at temporary sites for the construction or restoration of buildings, structures, facilities or instal lations. (t> "Inactive waste disposal site" means any disposal site or portion thereof where additional asbestos-con taining waste material will not be depos ited and where the surface is not dis turbed by vehicular traffic. (u) "Active waste disposal site" means any disposal site other than an inactive site. (v) "Roadways" means surfaces on which motor vehicles travel including, but not limited to. highways, roads, streets, parking areas, and driveways. - (w> "Asbestos-containing waste mate rial" means any waste which contains commercial asbestos and is generated by a source subject to the provisions of this subpart. Including asbestos mill tailings, control device asbestos waste, friable as bestos waste material, and bags or con tainers that previously contained com mercial asbestos. [40 FR 48292. October 14. 197S] <x) "Structural member" means any load-supporting member, such as beams and load-supporting walls: or any non load-supporting member, such as ceilings and non-load-supporting walls. (42 FR 12127, March 2. 19771 61.22 Emlstloa standard. (a) Asbestos mills: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from any asbestos mill except as provided in paragraph (f> of this section. [39 FR 1S936, May 3. 1974] (b) Roadways: The suifacini of road ways with asbestos tailinp or with as bestos-containin| waste that is generated by any souice subject to paragraphs (c). (d), (el or (h), of this section is prohibited, except for temporary roadtrays on an area of asbestos ore deposits. The deposition of asbestos tailings or as bestos-containing waste on roadways covered with snow or ice is considered "surfacing." (c) Manufacturing: There shall be no visible emissions to the, outside air, ex cept as provided in paragraph (f> of this section, from any of tbs following op erations if they use commercial asbestos or from any building or structure in which such operations are conducted. (40 FR 48292. October 14. 197S) <1) The manufacture of cloth, corn, wicks, tubing, tape, twine, rope, thread, yarn, roving, lap, or other textile ma terials. (2) The manufacture of cement prod ucts. (3) The manufacture of fireproofing and Insulating materials. (4) The manufacture of friction products. (6) The manufacture of paper, mill board, and felt. (5) The manufacture of floor tile. (7) The manufacture of paints, coat ings. caulks, adhesives, sealants. (8) The manufacture of plastics and rubber materials. (9) The manufacture of chlorine. (10) The manufacture of shotgun shells. (11) The manufacture of asphalt con crete. (d) Demolition and renovation. The requirements of this paragraph shall apply to any owner or operator of a demolition or renovation operation who intends to demolish any institu tional. commercial, or industrial build ing (including apartment buildings having more than four dwelling units), structure, facility, installation, or por tion thereof which contains any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, fur nace, or structural member that is cov ered or coated with friable asbestos materials, except as provided in para graph (dXl) of this section: or who in tends to renovate any InstltutlonaL commercial, or industrial building, structure, facility, installation, or por tion thereof where more than 80 meters tea. 260 feet) of pipe covered or coated with friable asbestos materials are stripped or removed, or more than 16 square meters, (ca. 160 square feet) of friable asbestos materials used to cover or coat any duct, boiler, tank, re actor, turbine, furnace, or structural member are stripped or removed. (1) (i> The owner or operator of a demolition operation is exempted from the requirements of this paragraph: Provided, (A) The amount of friable asbestos materials in the building or portion thereof to be demolished is less than 60 meters (ca. 260 feet) used on pipes, and leas than 16 square meters (ca. 160 square feet) used on any duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural member, and (B) the notification requirements of para graph (dXlXli) are met, (li) Written notification shall be postmarked or delivered to the Admin istrator at least 20 days prior to com- Envisonmont Reporter ISee. f1-22(d)(1)(10J U ALCQA0000008751 hazardous emissions 121:0467 mencement of demolition ud shall in amount of friable asbestos material to adequately wetted to ensure that such clude the information required by be removed or stripped shall be the total materials remain wet during all remain paragraph (d)(2) of this section, with amount of friable asbestos material that ing stages of demolition or renovation the exception of the information re will be removed or stripped as a result and related handling operations. Such quired by paragraphs (d)(2) (111), (vl). of the sudden, unexpected event that materials shall not be dropped or thrown (vli). (vlii), and (lx) ol this section, and necessitated the renovation. to the ground ok a lower floor. Such ma shall state the measured or estimated (4) The following procedures shall be terials that Have been removed or amount of friable asbestos materials used to prevent emissions of particulate stripped more than 50 feet above which is present. Techniques of esti asbestos material to outside air: ground level, except those materials re mation shall be explained. (I) Friable asbestos materials, used moved as units or in sections, shall be |Para|ry>h (d) revised by 43 FR 26374, fuse on any pipe. duct, boiler, tank, reactor, transported to the ground via dust-tight turbine, furnace, or structural chutes or container. member, shall be removed from any (vl) Except as specified below, the wet (3) Written notice of intention to de building, structure, facility or Installa ting requirements of this paragraph are molish or renovate shall be provided to tion subject to this paragraph. Such suspended when the temperature at the the Administrator by the owner or opera removal shall occur before wrecking or point of wetting is below 0*C (32`F). tor of the demolition or renovation oper dismantling of any portion of such When friable asbestos materials are not ation. Such notice shall be postmarked building, structure, facility, or installa wetted due to freezing temperatures, such or delivered to the Administrator at least tion that would break up the friable materials on pipes, duets, boilers, tanks, 10 days prior to commencement of demo asbestos materials and before wreck reactors, turbines, furnaces, or structural lition. or as early as possible prior to ing or dismantling of any other por members shall, to the maximum extent commencement of emergency demolition subject to paragraph (d) (6) of this sec tion. and as early as possible prior to commencement of renovation. Such no tice shall Include the following informa tion: (I) Name of owner or operator. (II) Address of owner or operator. (UD Description of the building. structure, facility, or installation to be demolished or renovated, including the site, age. and prior use of the structure, and the approximate amount of friable asbestos materials present. |Psra|ny>h (iii) revised by 43 FR 26374, June tion of such building, structure, facili ty, or installation, that would preclude access to such materials for subse quent removal. Removal of friable as bestos materials used on any pipe, duct, or structural member which are encased In concrete or other similar structural material is not required prior to demolition, but such materials shall be adequately wetted whenever exposed during demolition. (ID Friable asbestos materials used on pipes, ducts, boilers, tanks, reac tors, turbines, furnaces, or structural members shall be adequately wetted during stripping, except as provided in paragraphs (dKiXlv). (dXiXvi). or (lv) Address or location of the build (dXvli) of this section. ing. structure, facility, or installation. (iii) Pipes, ducts, boilers, tanks, reac (v) Scheduled starting and comple tors. turbines, furnaces, or structural tion dates of demolition or renovation. members that are covered or coated (vi) Nature of planned demolition or with friable asbestos materials may be renovation and method(s) to be em taken out of any building, structure, ployed. facility, or installation subject to this (vli) Procedures to be employed to paragraph as units or in sections pro meet the requirements of this paragraph vided the friable asbestos materials ex and paragraph (J) of this section. posed during cutting or disjoining are (viii) The name and address or loca adequately wetted during the cutting tion of the waste disposal site where the or disjoining operation. Such units friable asbestos waste will be deposited. (lx) Name, title, and authority of the State or local governmental representa tive who has ordered a demolition which is subject to paragraph (d) (> of this section. (3) (i) For purposes of determining' whether a planned renovating operation constitutes a renovation within the meaning of this paragraph, the amount of friable asbestos material to be re moved or stripped shall be: (A) For planned renovating opera shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground, but shall be carefully lowered to ground level. (iv) The stripping of friable asbestos materials used on any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural member that has been removed as a unit or in sections as pro vided in paragraph (dX4Xili) of this section shall be performed in accord ance with paragraph (d)(4)(il> of this section. Rather than comply with the tions involving individually non-sched wetting requirement, a local exhaust uled operations, the additive amount of ventilation and collection system may friable asbestos material that can be pre be used to prevent emissions to the dicted will be removed or stripped at a outside air. Such local exhaust ventila source over the maximum period of time tion systems shall be designed and op for which a prediction can be made. The erated to capture the asbestos particu period shall be not leu than 30 days and late matter produced by the stripping not longer than one year. of friable asbestos materials. There (B) For each planned renovating op shall be no visible emissions to the eration not covered by paragraph (d> (3) outside air from such local exhaust (ixA), the total amount of friable as ventilation and collection systems possible, be removed as units or in sec tions prior to wrecking. In no case shall the requirements of paragraphs (d)(4) (iv) or (d) (4) (v> be suspended due to freezing temperatures. (vli) For renovation operations, local exhaust ventilation and collection sys tems may be used, instead of wetting as specified in paragraph (d) (4) (11), to pre vent emissions of particulate asbestos mtterial to outside air when damage to equipment resulting from the wetting would be unavoidable. Upon request and supply of adequate information, the Ad ministrator will determine whether dam age to equipment resulting from wetting to comply with the provisions of this par agraph would be unavoidable. Such local exhaust ventilation systems shall be de signed and operated to capture the asbes tos particulate matter produced by the stripping and removal of friable asbestos material. There shall be no visible emis sions to the outside air from such local exhaust ventilation and collection sys tems, except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. (5) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of il 61.05(a), 61.07, and 61.09. (6) The demolition of a building, struc ture. facility, or Installation, pursuant to an order of an authorized representative of a State or local governmental agency, issued because that building is structur ally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse is exempt from all but the fol lowing requirements of paragraph (d) of this section: (i) The notification requirements spec ified by paragraph (d) (2) of this section: (li) The requirements on stripping of friable asbestos materials from previously removed units or sections as specified in paragraph (d) (4) (lv) of this section; (ili) The wetting, as specified by para graph (d) (4) (v) of this section, of fri able asbestos materials that have been removed or stripped: (iv) The portion of the structure being demolished that contains friable asbes tos materials shall be adequately wetted during the wrecking operation. bestos material that can be predicted except as provided in paragraph (f) of (39 FR 15936, May 3. 1974; 40 FR 48292. will be removed or stripped at a source. this section. October 14, 1975| (ID For purposes of determining 4(i)-(iv) revised by 43 FR 26374, June 19 (e) Spraying. There shall be no visi whether an emergency renovating op 978) ble emissions to the outside air from eration constitutes a renovation within (v) All friable asbestos materials that the spray-on application of materials the meaning of this paragraph, the have been removed or stripped shall be containing more than 1 percent asbes- 8-18-78 (Sec. 61.22(e) J Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASHINGTON. D.C. 20037 M ALCOA0000008752 121.0468 FEDERAL REGULATIONS to*. on a dry weight basis, used on equipment and machinery, except as provided In paragraph (f) of this sec tion. Materials sprayed on buildings, structures, structural members, pipes, and conduits shall contain less than 1 percent asbestos on a dry weight basis. jFsr^nyth (a) levised by 43 FR 26374, June (1) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of I 61.05(a), I 61.07, and I (1.09. (2) Any owner or operator who in* tends to spray asbestos materials which contain more than i percent as* bestos on a dry weight basis on equip ment and machinery shall report such Intention to the Administrator at least 20 days prior to the commencement of the spraying operation. Such report shall include the following informa tion: (1) Nmne of owner or operator. (ii) Address of owner or operator. (ill) Location of spraying operation. (iv> Procedures to be followed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. (2) The spray-on application of ma terials in which the asbestos fibers are encapsulated with a bituminous or re sinous binder during spraying and which are not friable after drying is exempted from the requirements of paragraphs (e) and (ex2) of this sec tion. [Paragraphs (2) and (I) revised by 43 FR 26274. June If. 1271) it) Rather than meet the no-visibleemission requirements as specified by paragraphs is), (c), <d>, (e>, <h>, (J). and <k> of this section, an owner or op erator may elect to use the methods spec ified by I 61.23 to clean emissions con taining particulate asbestos material be fore such emissions escape to. or are vented to, the outside air. (g> Where the presence of'uncombined water is the sole reason for failure to meet the no-vlsible-emisslon require ment of paragraphs (a). <c>, (d>. (e), <h'. <J>, or <k) of this section, such fail ure shall not be a violation of such emis sion requirements. (h) Fabricating: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air, ex cept as provided in paragraph <f) of this section, from any of the following op erations if they use commercial asbestos or from any building or structure in which such operations are conducted. < 1) The fabrication of cement building products. <2> The fabrication of friction prod ucts, except those operations that pri marily Install asbestos friction materials on motor vehicles. <3> The fabrication of cement or sili cate board for ventilation hoods; ovens; electrical panels; laboratory furniture; bulkheads, partitions and ceilings for marine construction; and flow control devices for the molten metal industry. (I) Insulating: Molded insulating ma terials which are friable and wet-applied Insulating materials which are friable after drying, Installed after the effective date of these regulations, shall contain no commercial asbestos. The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to Insu lating materials which are spray applied; such materials are regulated under I 61.22(e). (J) Waste disposal for manufacturing, fabricating, demolition, renovation and spraying operations: The owner or op erator of any source covered under the provisions of paragraphs (c>. id), (e). or (h) of this section shall meet the fol lowing standards: (1) There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air, except as provided In paragraph (1) (3) of this section, dur ing the collection; processing. Including Incineration; packaging: transporting; or deposition of any asbestos-containing waste material which is generated by such source. (2) All asbestos-containing waste ma terial be deposited at waste dis posal sites which are operated in accord ance with the provisions of 161.25. (3) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (J> (1) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to use either of the disposal methods specified under (J>(3)(1> and (li> of this section, or an alternative disposal method which has received prior approval by the Ad ministrator: (i) Treatment of asbestos-containing waste material with water: (A) Control device asbestos waste shall be thoroughly mixed with water Into a slurry and other asbestos-containing waste material shall be adequately wetted. There shall be no visible emis sions to the outside air from the collec tion, mixing and wetting operations, ex cept u provided In paragraph it) of this section. (B) After wetting, all asbestos-con taining waste material shall be sealed into leak-tight containers while wet, and such containers shall be deposited at waste disposal sites which are operated in accordance with the provisions of I 61.25. (C) The containers specified under paragraph UX3X1XB) of this section shall be labeled with a warning label that states: CtmoR Contains Asbestos Avoid Opening or Breaking Container Breathing Asbeatee is Basardous to Tour Health Alternatively, warning labels specified by Occupational Safety and Health Standards of the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Admin istration (06HA) under 2 CFR 1910.- S3a(g) (2) (ii) may be used. (11) Processing of asbestos-containing waste materia] into non-frlable forms: (A) All asbestos-containing waste material shall be formed Into non-triable pellets or other shapes and deposited at waste disposal sites which are operated in accordance with the provisions of 161.25. [ (B) There shall be so visible emis sions to the outside air from the collec tion and processing of asbestos- containing waste material, except as specified in paragraph (f> of this section. (4) For the purposes of this para graph (j), the term all asbestos-con taining waste material as applied to demolition and renovation operations covered by paragraph (d) of this sec tion Includes only friable asbestos waste and control device asbestos waste. (k) Waste disposal for asbestos mills: The owner or operator of any source covered under the provisions of para graph (a) of this section shall meet the following standard: (l) There shall be no visible emis sions to the outside air, except as pro vided in paragraph (k) (3) of this section, during the collection, processing, pack aging, transporting or deposition of any asbestos-containing waste mate rial which is generated by such source. (2) All asbestos-containing waste ma terial shall be deposited at waste disposal sites which are operated in ac cordance with the provisions of 161.25. (3) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (k) (1) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to meet the following requirements in para graphs (k>(3> (1) and (11). or use an alternative disposal method which has received prior approval by the Admin istrator: (1) There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from the transfer of control device asbestos waste to the tailings conveyor, except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Such waste shall be subsequently processed either as specified in paragraph (k) (3) (ii) of this section or as specified in paragraph (J)(f> of this section. (U) All asbestos-containing waste material shall be adequately mixed, with a wetting agent recommended by the manufacturer of the agent to effectively wet dust and tellings, prior to deposition at a waste disposal site. Such agent shall be used as recommended for the partic ular dust by the manufacturer of the agent There shall be no discharge of visible emissions to the outside air from the wetting operation except as specified In paragraph it) of this section. Wetting may be suspended when the ambient temperature at the waste disposal site is less than --9A*C (ca. 15*F). The ambient air temperature shall be determined by an appropriate measurement method with an accuracy of l*C (2*F> and recorded at least at hourly Intervals dur ing the period that the operation of the wetting system is suspended. Records ol Environment Reporter (>sa. f1.22QH3)) ALCOA0000008753 HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS S-412 121:0469 such temperature measurements shall be retained at the source (or a minimum of two years and made available for inspec tion by the Administrator. (1) The owner of any Inactive waste disposal site, which was operated by sources covered under I 81.22 (a), (c) or (b rand where asbestos-containing waste material produced by such sources was deposited, shall meet the following standards: (1) There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from an Inactive waste disposal site subject to this paragraph, except as provided In paragraph (1) (5) of this section. <2) Warning signs shall be displayed at all entrances, and along the property line of the site or along the perimeter of the sections of the site where asbestoscontaining waste material was deposited, at intervals of 100 m (ca. 330 ft) or less, except as specified In paragraph (1) (4) of this section. Signs shall be posted in such a manner and location that a person may easily read the legend. The warning signs required by this paragraph shall conform to the requirements of 20" x 14" upright format signs specified in 29 CFR 1910.145(d)(4) and this paragraph. The signs shall display the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to those specified in this paragraph. taacifa AsatsToe Wasrx taros*!. Sits Do Mot Create Dust Breathing Asbestos Is Basardous to Tour Health Notation 1" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block Sens Serif, dottle or Block 14 Point Gothic Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of the two lines. (3) The perimeter of the site shall be fenced In a manner adequate to deter access by the general public, except as specified In paragraph (1X4) of this section. (4) Warning signs and fencing are not required where the requirements of paragraphs (1) (5) (1) or (11) of this sec tion are met, or where a natural barrier adequately deters access by the general public. Upon request and supply of ap propriate information, the Adminis trator will determine whether a fence or a natural barrier adequately deters ac cess to the general public. (5) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (1X1) of this section, an owner may elect to meet the require ments of this paragraph or may use an alternative control method for emissions from inactive waste disposal sites which has received prior approval by the Administrator. (!) The asbestos-containing waste material shall be covered with at least 15 centimeters (ca. 6 Inches) of com pacted non-asbestos-contalnlng mate rial, and a cover of vegetation shall be grown and maintained on the area ade quate to prevent exposure of the asbes tos-containing waste material: or (li> The asbestos-containing waste material shall be covered with at least 60 centimeters (ca. 2 feet) of compacted non-asbestos-containlng material and maintained to prevent exposure of the asbestos-containing waste; or (lit) For inactive waste disposal sites for asbestos tailings, a resinous or petro leum-based dust suppression agent which effectively binds dust and controls wind erosion shall be applied. 8uch agent shall be used as recommended for the partic ular asbestos tailings by the dust sup pression agent manufacturer. Other equally effective dust suppression agents may be used upon prior approval by the Administrator. For purposes of this para graph. waste crankcase oil is not con sidered a dust suppression agent. (40 FR 48292, October 14. 1975) 4 61.25 Air-cleaning. If air-cleaning is elected, as permitted by II 61.22(f) and 61.22(d) (4) (lv). the requirements of this section must be met. (40 FR 48292. October 14. 19751 (a) Fabric filter collection devices mtlst be used, except as noted In para graphs (b) and (c) of this section. Such devices must be operated at a pressure drop of no more than 4 Inches water gage, as measured across the filter fabric. The airflow permeability, as determined by ASJM method 0737-69, must not exceed 30 ft'/mln/ft* for woven fabrics or 35 ftVmln/ft' for felted fabrics, except that 40 ft'/min/ft* for woven and 45 ft*/ min/ft* for .felted fabrics is allowed for filtering air from asbestos ore dryers. Each square yard Of felted fabric must weigh at least 14 ounces and be at least one-slxteertb Inch thick throughout. Synthetic fabrics must not contain fill yarn other than that which Is spun. (b) If the use of fabric filters creates a fire or explosion hazard, the adminis trator may authorize the use of wet col lectors designed to operate with a unit contacting energy of at least 40 inches water gage pressure. (c> The administrator may authorize the use of filtering equipment other than that described in paragraphs (a) and (b> of this section if the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the administrator that the filtering of par ticulate asbestos material Is equivalent to that of the described equipment. (d> All air-cleaning equipment au thorized by this section must be properly Installed, used, operated, and maintained. Bypass devices may be used only during upset or emergency conditions and then only for so long as It takes to shut down the operation generating the particulate asbestos material. 141J4 Reporting. The owner qr operator of any existing source to which-this subpart is applicable shall, within 90 days after the effective date, provide the following information to the administrator: (a) A description of the emission con trol equipment used for each process; (b) If a fabric filter device Is used to control emissions, the pressure drop across the fabric filter In Inches water gage. (1) If the fabric filter device utilizes a woven fabric, the airflow permeability In ft'/min/ft'; and. If the fabric Is syn thetic. Indicate whether the fill yarn Is spun or not spun. (2) If the fabric filter device utilizes a felted fabric, the density In oz/yd*. the minimum thickness in Inches, and the airflow permeability in ft'/min/ft*. (c) For sources subject to i! 61.22(J> and 61.22 (k): (1) A brief description of each process that generates asbestos-containing waste material. (2) The average weight of asbestoscontaining waste material disposed of, measured in kg/day. (3) The emission control methods used In all stages of waste disposal. (4) The type of disposal site or Incin eration site used for ultimate disposal, the name of the site operator, and the name and location of the dlspos*1 site. (d) For sources subject to I 22(1): (1) A brief description of the site. (2) The method or methods used to comply with the standard, or alternative procedures to be used. (e) Such Information shall accom pany the information required by I 61.10. The information described In this section shall be reported using the format of Appendix A of this part. 140 FR 48292, October 14, 1975; 161.25 Waste dlspoeal sates. In order to be an acceptable site for disposal of asbestos-containing waste material under 16122 (j) and (k>, an active waste disposal site shall meet the requirements of this section. (a) There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from any active waste disposal site where asbestos-containing waste material has been deposited, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section. (b> Warning signs shall be displayed at all entrances, and along the property line of the site or along the perimeter of the sections of the site where asbestoscontaining waste material Is deposited, at Intervals of 100 m (ca. 330 ft) or less except as specified In paragraph (d) of this section. Signs shall be posted in such 8-18-78 (Sec. 6125(b)] Published by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC.. WASHINGTON, DC. 20037 si ALCOA0000008754 121:0470 FEDERAL REGULATIONS manner end location that a person may easily read the legend-. The warning signs required by this paragraph shall conform to the requirements of 20" s 14" upright format signs specified in 29 CFR 1910.145(d) <4> and this paragraph. The signs shall display the following legend in the lowes-panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to those specified in this paragraph. lum Assure* w*nc Disposal Bm Co Not Crest* Dust Breathing Asbestos Is Hazardous to Tour Health Notation 1" Baas gerU, Oothlc or Block 14" Sans Serif, Oothlc or Block 14 Point Oothlc Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of the two lines. (c) The perimeter of the disposal site shall be fenced in order to adequately deter access to the general public except as specified in paragraph <d> of this section. <d> Warning signs and fencing are not required where the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section are met. or where a natural barrier ade quately deters access to the general public. Upon request and supply of ap propriate information, the Administra tor will determine whether a fence or a natural barrier adequately deters access to the general public. (e) Rather than meet the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to meet the requirements of paragraph (e) (1) or (e) (2) of this section, or may use an al ternative control method for emissions from ective waste disposal sites which has received prior approval by the Administrator. (1) At the end of each operating day, or at least once every 24-hour period while the site is in continuous operation, the asbestos-containing waste material which was deposited at the site during the operating day or previous 24-hour period shall be covered with at least 15 centimeters (ca. 6 inches) of compacted non-asbestos-containing material. (2) At the end of each operating day, or at least once every 24-hour period while the disposal site la In continuous operation, the asbestos-containing waste material which was deposited at the site during the operating day or previous 24hour period shall be covered with a res inous or petroleum-based dust suppres sion agent which effectively binds dust and controls wind erosion. Such agent shall be used as reoommended for the particular dust by the dust suppression agent manufacturer. Other equally ef fective dust suppression agents may be used upon prior approval by the Admin istrator. For purposes of this paragraph, waste crankcase oil is not considered a dust suppression agent. [40 FR 48292, October 14, 1975) (Sec. 114 of ihe Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414)) Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium 141.30 Applicability. The provisions of this subpart are ap plicable to the following stationary sources: (a) Extraction plans, ceramic plants, foundries, incinerators, and propellant plants which process beryllium ore, beryl lium, beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or beryllium-containing waste. (b> Machine shops which process beryllium, beryllium oxides, or any alloy when such alloy contains more than 8 percent beryllium by weight. i 61.31 Definitions. Terms used in this subpart are de fined in the act, in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: (a) "Beryllium" means the element beryllium. Where weights or concentra tions are specified, such weights or con centrations apply to beryllium only, excluding the weight or concentration of any associated elements. (b) "Extraction plant" means a fa cility chemically processing beryllium ore to beryllium metal, alloy, or oxl.de, or performing any of the intermediate steps In these processes. (c) "Beryllium ore" means any natu rally occurring material mined or gathered for its beryllium content. (d) "Machine shop" means a facility performing cutting, grinding, turning, honing, milling, deburring. lapping, electrochemical machining, etching, or other similar operations. <e> "Ceramic plant" means a manu facturing plant producing ceramic items. (f) "Foundry" means a facility en gaged in the melting or casting of beryllium metal or alloy. <g> "Beryllium-containing waste" means material contaminated with beryllium and/or beryllium compounds used or generated during any process or operation performed by a source subject to this subpart. (h) "Incinerator" means any furnace used in the process of burning waste for the primary purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by removing com bustible matter. (1) "Propellant" means a fuel and oxi dizer physically or chemically combined which undergoes combustion to provide rocket propulsion. <1> "Beryllium alloy" means any metal to which beryllium has been added in order to increase its beryllium content and which contains more than 0.1 per cent beryllium by weight. (k) "Propellant plapt" means any facility engaged in the-mixing, casting, or merhiwinf of propellant. I 61.32 Emission standard. (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from stationary source* subject to the provi sions of this subpart shall not exceed 10 grams of beryllium over a 24-hour period, except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section. <b> Rather than meet the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may request ap proval from the Administrator to meet an ambient concentration limit on beryl lium in the vicinity of the stationary source of 0.01 *g/m\ averaged over a 30-day period. (1) Approval of such request* may be granted by the Administrator provided that: (i> At least 2 years of data is avail able which in th* Judgment of the Ad ministrator demonstrates that the fu ture ambient concentrations of beryllium in the vicinity of the stationary source will not exceed 0.01 *g/ma, averaged over a 30-day period. Such 3-year period shall be the 3 years ending 30 days before the effective date of this standard. (li) The owner or operator requests such approval in writing within 30 days after the effective date of this standard. (ill) The owner or operator submits a report to the Administrator within 45 days after the effective date of this standard which report includes the fol lowing information: (a) Description of sampling method including the method and frequency of calibration. (b) Method of sample analysis.-' <c> Averaging technique tor determin ing 30-day average concentrations. (d> Number, identity, and location (address, coordinates, or distance and heading from plant) of sampling sites. (e) Ground elevations and height above ground of sampling inlet*. (f> Plant and sampling area plots showing emission points and sampling sites. Topographic features significantly affecting dispersion Including plant building height* and locations shall be included. (?) Information necessary for esti mating dispersion including stack height, inside diameter, exit gas temperature, exit velocity or flow rate, and beryllium concentration. (h) A description of data and proce dures (methods or models) used to de- Envirenmem Report** (See. 61.32(h)) ALCOA0000008755 2 ATTACHMENT 2 Environmental Protection Agency National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Proposed Amendments to Asbestos Standard HLCQA0000008T56 32126 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 135 / Wednesday, July 13.1983 / Proposed Rules ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 61 (AD-FRL-3219-4) Natlooal Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Amendments to Asbestos Standard aqemcy: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPAJ. action: Proposed rule and notice of public hearing. summary: These proposed amendments to the national emission standard for asbestos would reinstate work practice and equipment provisions of the standard that were held not to be emission standards by the Supreme Court in 1978. They would also reword and rearrange other portions of the standard for clarity. A public hearing will be held, if requested, to provide interested persons an opportunity for oral presentation of data, views, and arguments concerning the proposed amendments. Oates: Comments. Comments must be received on or before September 9,1983. Public Hearing. If anyone contacts EPA requesting to speak at a public hearing by July 27,1983. a public hearing will be held on August 9.1983 beginning at 10:00 a.m. Request to Speak at Hearing. Persons wishing to present oral testimony must contact EPA by August 3,1983. addresses: Comments. Comments should be submitted (in duplicate if possible) to: Central Docket Section (LE-131). Attention: Docket Number A83-02, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW,, Washington, D.C. 20460. Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at the Environmental Research Center Auditorium. Comer of Highway 54 A Alexander Drive. Research Triangle Park. North Carolina, Persons wishing to present oral testimony should notify Mrs. Naomi Durkee. Standards Development Branch (MD-13). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711. Docket. Docket number A-83-02. containing supporting information used in developing the proposed amendments, is available for public inspection and copying between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, at EPA's Central Docket Section, West Tower Lobby, Gallery 1, Waterside Mall, 401 M Street. SW,, Washington, D.C. 20460. A reasonable action would have minimal adverse fee may be charged for copying. economic effects. However, this action FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT Mr. Gene W. Smith. Standards Development Branch. Emission is intended to make clear EPA's intent that asbestos emissions be controlled. Another purpose of the proposed Standards and Engineering Division rulemaking is to reword and rearrange (MD-13). U.S. Environmental Protection various provisions of the NESHAP for Agency. Research Triangle Park. N.C. clarity. This has resulted in the addition 27711. telephone number (919) 541-5624. of several sections and the Persons interested in attending the redesignation of the NESHAP as hearing should call Mrs. Naomi Durkee Subpart M. The discussion below, at (919) 541-5578 to verify that a hearing however, will refer to the old paragraph wilt occur. numbering system for ease of SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On April 6.1973 (36 FR 8826), EPA promulgated national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for understanding. A listing is provided to show the new section numbers in which the provisions contained under the old numbers can be found. asbestos in Subpart B of 40 CFR Part 61, pursuant to Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. as amended in 1970. Amendments to the NESHAP were promulgated on May 3,1974 (39 FR 15398), October 14, 1975 (40 FR 48299). and March 2.1977 (42 FR 12127). Parts of the NESHAP were in the form of work-practice standards, which were later held by the Supreme Court not to be emission standards within the meaning of Section 112. as amended in 1970. Adorno Wrecking Company v. United States, 434 U.S. 275 (1978). On August 7,1977, Section 112 of the Acts was amended to specifically authorize "design, equipment work- practice and operational standards." Section 112(e). On June 19.1978 (43 FR 26372), EPA repromulgated many of the work-practice standards in the NESHAP, pursuant to Section 112. as amended in 1977. The provisions so repromulugated were 40 CFR 61.22(d). (d)(1), (d)(2)(iii). (d)(4)(i)-(iv), (e). (e)(2) (in part), and (e)(3). The authority and basis for this Work-practice standards contained in proposal is contained in Section 112(e) other portions of the NESHAP were not of the Clean Air Act. as amended in repromulgaled in 1978 ({ 81.22(b). 1977. This Section provides that the (d)(4)(v) and (vi). (d)(6)(iii) and (iv). (f). Administrator may promulgate a (I). (j)(2) and (3). (k)(2) and (3). (l)(2)-(5): "design, equipment work practice, or (61.23: and ( 61.25(b)-(e)]. Some of operational standard, or combination these paragraphs contain both emission thereof for control of a hazardous air limits and work-practice standards. EPA pollutant if it is infeasible to prescribe intended that owners and operators an emission standard under Section ' could comply with either the emission 112(b) for the pollutant. Such limit or the work-practice standards at infeasibility occurs, for example, when their option. The emission limits were "a hazardous pollutant or pollutants not affected by the Court s ruling. The cannot be emitted through a conveyance rulemaking being proposed today would . designed and constructed to emit or reinstate the work-practice standards capture such pollutant" or when "the contained in these paragraphs. It would application of measurement also reinstate the work-practice methodology to a particular class of standards In other paragraphs that do sources is not practicable due to not contain an alternative emission technological or economic limitations." limit. For some asbestos emission sources Many of these privisions are being affected by this proposed rulemaking, complied with now. and most owners the Administrator finds that it is not and operators of asbestos sources are feasible to prescribe a numerical conscientiously minimizing asbestos emission limitation because the emission. Therefore, today's proposed asbestos cannot be emitted throogb a ALCOA0000008757 Federal Register / Vol. 46, No. 135 / Wednesday. July 13, 1983 / Proposed Rules 32127 conveyance that readily captures emissions for measurement and because such measurement, in any event would be technologically and economically impracticable. An example of such a source is thremission of asbestos Fibers during the demolition of a building containing friable asbestos materials. For other types of asbestos emission sources, a numerical emission limitation would be feasible under certain conditions but not under others. For example, under normal conditions, a waste disposal site could be operated with no visable emissions. Under highw-ind conditions, however, visible emissions could occur even if good work procedures were followed. Therefore, a no visable emission limitation thet would be achievable under normal operating conditions would be technologically impracticable during windy conditions. Work-practice standards provide an alternative means of compliance that would represent Seat available technology under thesejfnif' other abnormal conditions. The Administrator believes it is important to provide alternative work-practice standards for sources that may not always be able to achieve no visible emissions even though they employ good asbestos emission control procedures. Therefore, the proposed amendments to the asbestos standard would reinstate work practice and other non-numerical standards as the only requirement for some asbestos sources and as an alternative to a numerical emission limit for other sources. Summary of Proposed Amendments The following sections and paragraphs were either repromulgated in June 1978 or do not contain work practice or equipment requirements. The Agency is proposing only to reword these for clarity. Therefore, only comments regarding the new wording and not the substantive content of these paragraphs will be considered in this rulemaking. The reworded sections and paragraphs are as follows: 161.20: *61.21: { 61.22(a). (c). ld)(lH3). (d)(4)(i)-(iv) and (viij. (d)(5). (d)(6)(iH)(ej. (g). (h). (j)(l) and (4).(k)(l). (l)(lh I 61.24; * 61.25(a). The following sections and paragraphs are being proposed for comment on their content as well aa . being reworded for clarity: * 61.22(b). (d)(4)(v) and (vi). (d)(6)(iii) and (iv). (f). (i). (0(2) and (3). (k)(2) and (3). (l)(2)-(Sk * 61.23; * 61.2S(b)-(e). A discussion of these portions of the asbestos NESHAP is presented below. Alternative Non-numerico! Standards Several of the paragraphs that are being proposed do not impose any new requirements. Some of these reinstate work practice or equipment specifications that are an alternative to the current no visible emissions standard (an emission limit not affected by the 1978 Supreme Court decision). Others reinstate means of compliance that are alternatives to work practice requirements that were repromulgated in June 1978. All of these are being proposed today to reinstate the alternative means of compliance that EPA believes should be available to those who must comply with the asbestos NESHAP. Since these paragraphs do not impose any new requirements, they would not result in adverse economic or energy impacts to source owners and operators. Following is a discussion of these paragraphs. Section 61.22(d)(4)(vi) This paragraph reinstates alternative work practices that may be used in lieu of those required in paragraph (d)(4)(ii) (wetting during stripping) during freezing weather. Without this alternative, it might not be possible to carry out demolition operations during freezing weather in some cases. Therefore, beneficial economic impacts may result in those cases, and there would be no adverse economic-impacts. Section 61.22(d)(6)(iii) and (iv). Paragraph (d)(6) reinstates provisions exempting demolition operations for structurally unsound buildings from most of the NESHAP. although some requirements would apply. Paragraphs (d)(6)(ili) and (iv) contain two of these requirements. The exemption, even with the requirements in paragraphs (d)(6)(iii) and (iv). provides a less restrictive alternative for certain demolition operations. Therefore, proposal of these paragraphs would not result in any adverse economic impacts on demolition operations. Section 61.22(f). (j)(3). (k)(3)(i) and (ii), (1/(5): 61.23; and $ 61.25(e) These paragraphs reinstate alternative work practices that may be used in lieu of complying with a no visible emission limit. They would impose no additional costs and. therefore, would result in no adverse economic impacts. Non-numerical Standards With No Alternatives The remaining paragraphs being proposed tor comment reinstate specific work-practice requirements for which there are no altcmaUves. EPA believes that these proposed requirements would not impose significant adverse economic impacts on source owners and operators, as discussed below. Section 61.22(b) [ This paragraph reinstates the prohibition of surfacing roadw ays with asbestos tailings or asbestos-containing waste. This prohibition is not expected to cause serious adverse economic impacts because road surfacing with asbestos tailings or waste materials is not commonly practiced in the United States. The prohibition is necessary, however, to prevent such surfacing in isolated cases. Section 61.22(d)(4)(v) This paragraph would reinstate the requirement that asbestos removed during demolition or renovation be kept wet until disposal is completed. It would also require that the asbestos not be dropped or thrown to the ground or a lower floor and that asbestos removed more than SO feet above level be transported to the ground in dust-tight chutes or containers (unless it is removed in units or sections). There would be no significant adverse economic impact resulting from this paragraph. Provisions of the asbestos NESHAP that do not require reinstatement require that the asbestos be adequately wetted during stripping and removal. They also require that there be no visible emissions during the collection, handling, and transporting of the asbestos waste. Demolition and renovation contractors typically transport the asbestos they remove from a facility to a waste disposal site on a daily basis. In order to meet no visible emissions during the collecting and transporting activities, they keep the asbestos wet until it is placed into containers and trucks, and they place It into containers as soon as possible to keep it from drying out and unnecessarily exposing workers to asbestos fibers. Therefore, this paragraph would not significantly affect asbestos removal and collection activities that would occur in its absence. EPA believes it is necessary, however, to ensure that effective asbestos emission control techniques are followed after the asbestos is stripped or removed and before it Is taken away to a waste disposal site. Section 6122(i) This paragraph reinstates the prohibition of commercial asbestos in certain molded and wet-applied insulating materials. It is not expected to ALCOA0 000008758 32128 Federal Register / Vol. 48, No. 135 / Wednesday, July 13, 1983 / Proposed Rules result in significant adverse economic materials in the United Stales since economical substitutes are widely available. EPA believes that there is general compliance with this provision but that the prohibition is necessary to make it dear that this use of asbestos should* not be reinstituted. Section 6132(j)(2) and (k)(2) These paragraphs simply refer to the requirements of 61.25. Those portions of | 61.25 that require repromulgation are discussed below. Section 6JJ2(l)(2)~(4} and S1.25(bHd) These paragraphs reinstate the requirement for warning signs and fencing around asbestos waste disposal sites if: (1J The owner or operator chooses to comply with a no visible emission limit rather than follow specified work practices, and (2) there is no natural barrier to deter access by the general public. Most disposal site owners and operators currently follow the work practices specified and thus would not be required by these amendments to install warning signs and fences, although many States require fencing for all landfills. For the few cases where signs and fencing would not be installed in the absence of these proposed paragraphs, the cost of the signs and fences would be minimal when compared to the cost of the disposal site and its operation. Therefore, there would be no significant adverse economic impacts resulting from these paragraphs. Public Hearing A public hearing, if requested, will be held to discuss the proposed amendments to the asbestos standard in accordance with Sections 112(b)(1)(B) and 307(d)(5) of the Clean Air Act Persons wishing to make ora) presentations on the proposed amendments should contact EPA at the address given in the addresses section of this pi ramble. Oral presentations will be limited to 15 minutes each. Any member of the public may file a written statement before, during, or within 30 days after the hearing. Written alatements should be addressed to the Centra) Docket Section address given ia the addresses section of this preamble and should refer to docket number A63-02. A verbatim transcript of the hearing and written statements will be available for public inspection and copying during normal working hours at EPA's Central Ducket Section in Washington. D.C. (see adoresses section of this preamble). Docket The docket is an organized and complete file of all the information * submitted to or otherwise considered by EPA in the development of this proposed rulemaking. The principal purposes of the docket are: (1)To allow interested parties to identify readily and locate documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking process: and (2) to serve as the record in case of judicial review, except for interagency review materials |i 307(d)(7)(A)). Miscellaneous The Administrator will welcome comments on all aspects of the proposed amendments in { 61.22(b), (d)(4)(v) and (vi). (d)(6)(iii) and (iv). (f). (i). (j)(2) and (3). (k)(2) and (3). (1)(2-5): { 61.23: and 61.25(bH*)' including economic and technological issues. For proposed amendments to the remaining portions of the asbestos standard only comments pertaining to the rewording and rearranging of those portions will be considered by the Administrator. This regulation will be reviewed within 5 years from the date of promulgation. This review will include an assessment of such factors as the need for intergration with other programs, the existence of alternative methods, enforceability, improvements in emission control technology and health data, and reporting requirements. Under E.0.12291. EPA must judge whether a regulation is "major" and therefore subject to the requirement of a Regulatory Impact Analysis. This regulation is not major because it does not meet any of the criteria specified in the Executive Order regarding the annual effect on the economy: increase in cost or prices: or adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S. enterprises to compete with foreign enterprises. These information collection requirements have been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980.44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq and have been assigned OMB control number 20000264. This regulation was submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review s required by E.O. 12291, Pursuant to the provisions of 5 U.S.C 605(b). 1 hereby certify that this rule, if promulgated, will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities because no significant impact will result. sled. |une 29.1983. William D Ruckelshaut. Administrator. PART 69--lAMENDED) It is proposed lb amend 40 CFR Part 61 by redesignating Subpart B ( 61.2061.25) as Subpart M and revising New Subpari M to read as follows: Subpart M--National Emission Standard for Asbestos Sec 61 140 Applicability. 61.141 Definitions. 61.142 Standard for asbestos railla. 61.143 Standard for roadwaya. 61.144 Standard for manufacturing. 61.145 Standard for demolition and renovation: Applicability. 61.146 Standard for dimofition and renovalioa: Notification requirements. 61.147 Standard for dimolilion and renova non: Procedures for asbestos emission control. 61.146 Standard for spraying. 61.149 Standard for fabricating. 61.150 Standard for insulating materials. 61.151 Standard for w aste disposal for asbestos miUt. 61.152 Standard for watte disposal for manufacturing, demolition, renovation, spraying, and fabricating operations. 61.153 Standard for inactive waste disposal aitea for asbestos mills and manufacturing and fabricating operations. 61.154 Air-cleaning. 61.155 Reporting. 61.156 Active watte disposal site*. Authority: Sec 112 and 301(a) of the Clean Air Act. at amended (42 U.S.C. 741Z 7601(a)). and additional authority at noted below. Subpart M--National Emission Standard for Asbestoa 61.140 Applicability Tbe provisions of this subpart are applicable to those sources specified in {61.142 through 61.153. 61.141 Definitions All terms that are used in this subpart and are not defined below are given the same meaning as in the Act and in Subpart A of this pari. Active waste disposal site means any disposal site other than an inactive site. Adequately wetted means sufficiently mixed or coated with water or an aqueous solution to prevent dust emissions. Asbestos means the asbestiform varieties of serpentinite (chrysolite), riebecklte (crocidolite). cummingtonilegrunerite, anthophyllile. and actionlitetremolite. Asbestos-containing waste material means any waste that contains commercial asbestos and is generated by a source subject 1o the provisions of * ALCOAOOOOOQ8759 Federal Register / Vol. 48. No. 135 / Wednesday. July 13. 1983 / Proposed Rules 32129 this subpart. This term includes asbestos mill tailings, asbestos waste from control devices, friable asbestos waste material, and bags or containers that previously contained commercial asbestos. However, as applied to demolition and renovation operations, this term includes only friable asbestos waste and asbestos waste from control devices. Asbesjos material means asbestos or any material containing asbestos. Asbestos mill means any facility engaged in converting asbestoa ore into commercial asbestos. Outside storage of asbestos material is not considered a part of the asbestos milL Asbestos tailings means any solid waste that contains asbestos and is a product of asbestos mining or milling operations. Asbestos waste from control devices means any waste material that contains asbestos and is collected in a pollution control device. Commercial asbestos means any asbestos that is extracted from asbestos ore. Demolition means the wrecking or taking out of any load-supporting structural member of a facility together with any related handling operationa. Emergency renovation operation means a renovation operation that was not planned but results from a sudden, unexpected event. This term includes operations necessitated by nonroutine failures of equipment. Fabricating means any processing of a manufactured product that contains commercial asbestos, with the exception of processing at temporary sites for the construction or restoration of facilities. Facility means any institutional, commercial, or industrial structure, installation, or building (including apartment buildings having more than four dwelling units). Friable asbestos material means any material containing more than 1 percent asbestos by weight that hand pressure can crumble, pulverize, or reduce to powder when dry. Functional member means any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, or furnace at or in a facility. Inactive waste disposal site means any disposal site or portion of it where additional asbestos-containing waste material will not be deposited and where the surface is not disturbed by vehicular traffic. Manufacturing means the combining of commercial asbestos--or. in the case of woven friction products, the combining of textiles containing commercial asbestos--with any other material(s). including commercial asbestos, and the processing of this combination into a product. Outside air means the air outside buildings and structures. Particulate asbestos material means divided particles of asbestos material Planned renovation operation means a renovation operation, or a number of such operations, in which the amount of friable asbestos material that will be removed or stripped within a given period of time can be predicted, individual nonschcdulcd operations are included if a number of such operations can be predicted to occur during a given period of time. Remove means to take out friable asbestos materials from any facility. Renovation means refurbishing that includes the removal of friable asbestos materials. Roadways means surfaces on which motor vehicles travel. This term includes highways, roads, streets, parking areas, and driveways. Strip means to take off friable asbestos materials from any part of a facility. Structural member means any load supporting member of a facility, such as beams and load supporting walls; or any nonload-supporting member, such as ceilings and nonload-supporting walls. Visible emissions means any emissions containing particulate asbestos material that are visually detectable without the aid of instruments. This does not include condensed uncombined water vapor. { 61.142 Standard for asbestos mOla. Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall either discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from that asbestos mill or use the methods specified by ( SI.154 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to. or are vented to. the outside air. { 61.143 Standard for roadway*. No owner or operator of a roadway may deposit asbestos tailings or asbestos-containing waste material on that roadway, unless it is a temporary roadway on an area of asbestos ore deposits. { 61.144 Standard tor manufacturing. (a) Applicability: This section applies to the following manufacturing operations using commercial asbestos: (1) The manufacture of cloth, cord, wicks, tubing, tape, twine, rope, thread, yam. roving, lap. or other textile materials. (2) The manufacture of cement producta. (3) The manufacture of fireproofing and insulating materials. (4) The manufacture of friction products. (5) The manufacture of paper, millboard, and felt_ (6) The manufacture of floor tile. (7) The manufacture of paints, coatings, caulks, adhesives, and sealants. (S) The manufacture of plastics and rubber materials. (9) The manufacture of chlorine. (10) The manufacture of shotgun shell wads. (11) The manufacture of asphalt concrete. (b) Standard: Each owner or operator of any of the manufacturing operations to which this section applies shall either (1) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from these operations or from any building or structure in which they are conducted; or (2) Use the methods specified by ( 61.154 to clean emissions from-these operations containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to. or are vented to. the outside air. (61.146 Standard tor demolition and renovation: Applicability. The requirements of ({ 61.146 and 61.147 apply to each owner or operator of a demolition or renovation operation as follows: (a) If the amount of friable asbestos materials in a facility being demolished is at least 80 linear meters (260 linear feet) on pipes or at least 15 square meters (160 square feet) on structural or other functional members, all the requirements of 5 S 61.146 and 61.147 apply, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) If the amount of friable asbestos materials in a facility being demolished is less than 80 linear meters (260 linear feet) on pipes and less than IS square meters (160 square feet) on structural and other functional members, only the notification requirements of paragraphs (a), (b). and (c) (1). (2), (3). (4). and (5) of ( 61.146 apply. (c) If the facility is being demolished under an order of a State or local governmental agency, issued because the facility is structurally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse, only the requirements in ( 61.146 and in paragraphs (d). (e). and (f) of I 61.147 apply. (d) If more than 80 linear meters (260 linear feet) of friable asbestos materials on pipes or more Ilian 15 square meters 1160 square feet) of friable asbestos materials on other functional and structural members are stripped or ALCOA0000008760 32130 Federal Register / Vol. 46. No. 135 / Wednesday. July 13. 19B3 / Proposed Rules removed at a facility being renovated, all the requirements of f | 61.146 and 61.147 apply.. (1) To determine whether paragraph (d) of this section applies to planned renovation operations involving individual nonscheduled operations, predict the additive amount of friable afbestos materials to be removed or stripped over the maximum period of time a prediction can be made, not to exceed 1 year. (2) To determine whether paragraph (d) of this section applies to emergency renovation operations, estimate the amount of friable asbestos materials to be removed or stripped as a result of the sudden, unexpected event that necessitated the renovation. (e) Owners or operators or demolition and renovation operations are exempt from the requirements of f | 61.0S(a). 61.07. and 61.09. {61.146 Standard lor demolition and renovation: Notification requirements. Each owner or operator to which this section applies shall: (a) Provide the Administrator with written notice of intention to demolish or renovate. (b) Postmark or deliver the notice as follows: (1) At least 10 days before demolition begins if the operation is described in {61.145(a): (2) At least 20 days before demolition begins if the operation is described in { 61.14S(b): (3) As early as possible before demolition begins if the operation is described in { 61.145(c): (4) As early as possible before renovation begins. (c) include the following information in the notice: (1) Name and address of owner or operator. (2) Description of the facility being demolished or renovated, including the size. age. and prior use of the facility. (3) Estimate of the approximate amount of friable asbestos material present in the facility. For facilities descried in { 61.145(b). explain techniques of estimation. (4) Location of the facility being demonlished or renovated. (5) Scheduled starting and completion dates of demolition or renovation. (6) Nature of planned demolition or renovation and melhod(s) to be used. (7) Procedures to be used to comply with the requirements of this section. (8) Name and location of the waste disposal site where the friable asbestos waste materia) will be deposited. (9) For facilities described in { 61.145(c). the name, title, and authority of the State or local governmental representative who has ordered the demolition. 161.147 Standard lor demolition and renovation: Procedures lor asbestos emission control Each owner or operator to whom this section applies shall comply with the following procedures to prevent emissions of particulate asbestos material to the outside air. (a) Remove friable asbestos material from a facility being demolished before any wrecking or dismantling that would break up the materials or preclude access to the materials for subsequent removal. However, friable asbestos materials need not be removed before demolition if: (1) They are in a structural or functional member that is encased in concrete or other similar material; and (2) These materials are adequately wetted whenever exposed during demolition. (b) When a functional or structural member covered or coaled with friable asbestos materials is being taken out of the facility as units or in sections: (1) Adequately wet any friable asbestos materials exposed during cutting or disjointing opeations: and (2) Carefully lower the units or sections to ground level not dropping them or throwing them. (c) Adequately wet friable asbestos materials when they are being stripped from functional or structural members before the members are removed from the facility. In renovation operations, wetting that would unavoidably damage equipment is not required if the owner or operator: (1) Asks the Administrator to determine whether wetting to comply with this paragraph would unavoidably damage equipment, and. before beginning to strip, supplies the Administrator with adequate information to make this determination: and (2) When the Administrator does determine that equipment damage would be unavoidable, uses a local exhaust ventilation and collection system designed and operated to capture the particulate asbestos material produced by the stripping and removal of the friable asbestos materials. The system must exhibit no visible emissions to Ihe outside sir or be designed and operated in accordance with the requirements in | 61.154. (d) After a functional or structural member has been taken out of the facility as units or in sections, either; (1) Adequately wet friable asbestos materials during stripping: or (2) Use a local exhaust ventilation and collection system designed and operated to capture the particulate asbestos material produced by the stripping. The system must exhibit no visible emissions to the outside air or be designed and operated in accordance with the requirements in { 61.154. (e) For friable asbestos materials that have been removed or stripped: (1) Adequately wet the materials to ensure that they remain wet during all remaining stages of demolition or renovation and related handling operations: and (2) Carfolly lower the materials to the ground or a lower floor, not dropping or throwing them: and (3) Transport the materials the ground via dust-tight chutes or containers if they have been removed or stripped more than 50 feet above ground level and were not removed as units or in sections. (f) When the temperature at the point of wetting is below 0*C (32*F): (1) Comply with the requirements of paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section. The owner or operator need not comply with the other wetting requirements in this section; and (2) Remove functional and structural members coated or covered with friable asbestos materials as units or in sections to the maximum extent possible. (g) For facilities described in I 61.145(c). adequately wet the portion of the facility that contains friable asbestos materials during the wrecking operation. f 61.146 Standard for spraying. The owner or operator of an operation in which asbestos-containing materials are spray applied shall comply with the following requirements: (a) Use materials that contain 1 percent asbestos or less on a dry weight basis for spray-on application on buildings, structures, pipes, and conduits, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) For spray-on application of materials that contain more than 1 percent asbestos on a dry weight basis on equipment and machinery, except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section: (1) Notify the Administrator at least 20 days before beginning the spraying operation. Include the following information in the notice: (i) Name and address of owner or operator. (ii) Location of spraying operation. (iii) Procedures to be followed to meet the requirements of this paragraph. ALCOA000000876 Federal Register / Vol. 48. No. 135 / Wednesday, July 13, 1983 / Proposed Rules 32131 (2] Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from the spray-on application of the asbestos-containing material or use the methods specified by | 81.1M to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to, or are vented to, the outside air. (c) The requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the spray-on application of materials where the asbestos fibers In the materials are encapsulated with a bituminous or resinous binder during spraying and the materials are not friable r'ter drying. (d) Owners and operators of sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of 51 61.05(a), 61.07, and 61.09. 5(1.149 Standard for fabricating. (a) Applicability. This section applies to the following fabricating operations using commercial asbestos: (1) The fabrication of cement building products. (2) The fabrication of friction products, except those operations that primarily install asbestos friction materials on motor vehicles. (3) The fabrication of cement or silicate board for ventilation hoods; ovens: electrical panels; laboratory furniture, bulkheads, partitions,'and ceilings for marine construction; and flow control devices for the molten metal industry. (b) Standard. Each owner or operator of any of the fabricating operations to which this section applies shall either (1) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from any of the operations or from any building or structure in which they are conducted; or (2) Use the methods specified by 5 61.154 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos materia) before they escape to, or are vented to, the outside air. 5 (1.150 Standard far Insulating materials. After the effective date of thia regulation, no owner or operator may install insulating materials that contain commercial asbestos if the materials are either molded and friable or wet-applied and friable after drying. The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to sprayapplied insulating materials regulated under 5 61.148. 61.151 Standard for waste disposal for asbestos mills. Each owner or operator of any source covered under the provisions of 561.142 shall: (a) Deposit all asbestos-containing waste material at waste disposal sites operated in accordance with the provisions of 5 61.156. and (b) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from the transfer of asbestos waste from control devices to the tailings conveyor, or use the methods specified by 5 61.154 to clean emissions containing particulate particuate asbestos material before they escape to. or are vented to. the outside air. Dispose of the asbestos waste from control devices in accordance with 561.152(b) or paragraph (c) of thia section; and (c) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air during the collection, processing, packaging, transporting, or deposition of any asbestos-containing waste material, or use one of the disposal methods specified in paragraphs (c)(1) or (2) of this section, as follows: (1) Use a wetting agent as follows: (1) Adequately mix all asbestoscontaining waste material with a wetting agent recommended by the manufacturer of the agent to effectively wet dust end tailings, before depositing the material at a waste disposal site. Use the agent as recommended for the particular dust by the manufacturer of the agent. (ii) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from the wetting operation or use the methods specified by 5 61.154 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to, or are vented to. the outside air. (iii) Wetting may be suspended when the ambient temperature at the waste disposal site Is less than -9.5*C (15'F). Determine the ambient air temperature by an appropriate measurement method with an accuracy of 1*C (2"F). and record it at least hourly while the wetting operation is suspended. Keep the records for at least 2 years in a form suitable for inspection. (2) Use an alternative disposal method that has received prior approval by the Administrator. 61.152 Standard for waste disposal far manufacturing, demolition, renovation, spraying, and fabricating operations. Each owner or operator of any source covered under the provisions of 61.144-61.149 shall: (a) Deposit all asbestos-containing waste material at waste disposal sites operated in accordance with the provisions of f 61.156: and |b) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air during the collection, processing (inducing incineration), packaging, transporting, or deposition of any asbestos-containing waste material generated by the source, or use one of the disposal methods specified in paragraphs (b)(1), (2). or (3) of this section, as follows: (1) Treat asbestos-containing waste material with water (1) Mix asbestos waste from control devices with water to form a slurry; adequately wet other asbestoscontaining waste material: and (ii) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from collection, mixing, and wetting operations, or use the methods specified by 5 61.154 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to. or are vented to, the outside air and (iii) After wetting, seal all asbestoscontaining waste material in leak-tight containers while wet; and (iv) Label the containers specified in paragraph (b)(l](iii) as follows: CAUTION Contains Asbestos Avoid Opening or Breaking Container Breathing Asbestos Is Hazardous to Your Health Alternatively, use warning labels specified by Occupstional Safety and Health Standards of the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under 29 CFR 1910.1001(g)(2)(ii). (2) Process asbestos-containing waste material into nonfriable forms: (i) Form all asbestos-containing waste material into nonfriable pellets or other shapes: and (ii) Discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from collection and processing operations, or use the methods specified by 61.154 to clean emissions containing particulate asbestos material before they escape to. or are vented to, the outside air. (3) Use an alternative disposal method that has received prior approval by the Administrator. (1.151 Standard tor Inactive watte disposal altaa for asbestos mills and manufacturing and fabricating operations. Each owner or operator of any inactive waste disposal site that was operated by sources covered under 5 61.142. 61.144, or 61.149 and received deposits of asbeslos-conlaining waste material generated by the sources, shall (a) Comply with one of the following: (1) Either discharge no visible emissions to the outside air from an inactive waste disposal site subject to this paragraph: or (2) Cover the asbeslos-conlaining waste material with at least 15 centimeters [6 inches) of compacted ALCOAOOOOOQ8762 32132 Federal Register / Vol. 48. No. 135 / Wednesday. July 13. 1983 / Proposed Rules nonasbeslos-containing material, and grow and maintain a cover of vegetation on the area adequate to prevent exposure of the asbestos-containing waste material: or (3) Cover the asbestos-containing waste material with at least 60 centimeters (Z feel) of compacted nonasbestos-containing material, and maintain it to prevent exposure of the asbestos-containing waste: or (4) For inactive waste disposal sites for asbestos tailings, apply a resinous or petroleum-based dust suppression agent that effectively binds dust and controls wind erosion. Use the agent as recommended for the particular asbestos tailings by the manufacturer of the dust suppression agent. Obtain prior approval of the Administrator to use other equally effective dust suppression agents. For purposes of this paragraph, waste crankcase oil is not considered a dust suppression agent. (b) Unless a natural barrier adequately deters access by the general public, install and maintain warning signs and fencing as follows, or comply with paragraph (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section. (1) Display warning signs at all entrances and at intervals of 100 m (330 feet) or less along the property line of the site or along the perimeter of the sections of the site where asbestoscontaining waste material was deposited. The warning signs must: (i) Be posted in such a manner and location that a person can easily read the legend: and (ii) Conform to the requirements for 51 cm x 36 cm (20~ x 14") upright format signs specified in 29 CFR 1910.145(d)(4) and this paragraph: and (iii) Display the following legend in the lower panel with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to those specified in this paragraph. (.gw* Notooon Aabmxm Wum Onoowi IS cm (I netu Soot Sort. Smo. Gee* or Stack. Do Noi Croota Duot -- 1.9 cm mcftj Sons Sort. Go*c or Btaek. Brootrwg Atoottoo to Ha> 14 Pwni Go**. ordouo 10 VOW NtMR Spacing between any two lines must be at least equal to the height of the upper of the two lines. (2) Fence the perimeter of the site in a manner adquate to deter access by the general public. (3) Upon request and supply of appropriate information, the Administrator will determine whether a fence or a natural barrier adequately deters access by the general public. (c) The owner or operator may use an alternative control method that has received prior approval of the Administrator rather than comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section. 161.154 Air-cicaning. (a) The owner or operator who elects to use air-cleaning, as permitted by { 81.142. 61.144. 61.147(c)(2). 61.147(d)(2). 61.146(b)(2). 61.149(b). 61.150(b)(l)(ii). and 61.150(b)(2)(H) shall: (1) Use fabric filter collection devices, except as noted in paragraph (b) of this section, doing all of the following: (1) Operating the fabric filter collection devices at a pressure drop of no more than 4 inches water gage, as measured across the filter fabric; and (ii) Ensuring that the airflow permeability, as determined by ASIM Method D737-75, does not exceed 9 m*/ min/m* (30 ft'/min/ft*) for woven fabrics or llm'/min/m' (35 ft'/min/ft*) for felted fabrics, except that 12 m*/ min/m* (40 ft*/min/ft*) for woven and 14 m'/min/m* (45 ft*/min/ft*J for felted fabrics is allowed for filtering air from asbestos ore dryers; and (iii) Ensuring that each square meter of felted fabric weighs at least 237 grams (14 ounces) and is at least one-sixteenth inch thick throughout; and (iv) Avoiding the use of synthetic fabrics that contain fill yam other than that which is spun. (2) Properly install, use, operate, and maintain all air-cleaning equipment authorized by this section. Bypass devices may be used only during upset or emergency conditions and then only for so long as it takes to shut down the operation generating the particulate asbestos material. (b) There are the following exceptions to paragraph (a)(1): ^ (1) If the use of fabric filter* creates a fire or explosion hazard, the Administrator may authorize as a substitute the use of wet collectors designed to operate with a unit contacting energy of at least 9.95 kilopascal*. (2) The Administrator may authorize the use of filtering equipment other than that described in paragraphs (a)(1) and (b)(1) of this section if the owner or operator demonstrates to the Administrator's satisfaction that it is equivalent to the described equipment in filtering particulate asbestos material. {61.155 Reporting. (a) Within 90 days after the effective date of this subpart. each owner or operator of any existing source to which this subpart applies shall provide the following information to the Administrator (1) A description of the emission control equipment used for each process: and , (2) If a fabric filter fjevice is used to control emissions, the pressure drop across the fabric filter in inches water gage: and (i) If the fabric filler device uses a woven fabric, the airflow permeability in m'/min/m* and: if the fabric is synthetic, whether the fill yard is spun or not spun: and (ii) If the fabric filter device uses a felted fabric, the density in g/m*. the minimum thickness in inches, and the airflow permeability in m'/min/m'. (3) For sources subject to { { 61.151 and 61.152: (i) A brief description of each process that generates asbestos-containing waste material: and (ii) The average weight of asbestos- containing waste material disposed of. measured in kg/day, and (iii) The emission control methods used in all stages of waste disposal; and (iv) The type of disposal site or incineration site used for ultimate disposal, the name of the site operator, and the name and location of the disposal site. (4) For sources subject to { 81.153: (i) A brief description^ the site: and (ii) The method or methods used to comply with the standard, or alternative procedures to be used. (b) The information required by paragraph (a) of this section must accompany the information required by I 61.10. The information described in this section must be reported using the format of Appendix A of this part (Sec. 114. Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414) { 61.156 Active waste disposal aits*. To be an acceptable site for disposal of asbestos-containing waste material under {} 61.151 and 61.152. an active waste disposal site must meet the requirements of this section. (a) Either there must be no visible emissions to the outside air from any active waste disposal site where asbestos-containing waste material has., been deposited, or the requirements of paragraph (c) or (d) of this section must be met (b) Unless a natural barrier adequately deters access by the general public, either warning signs and fencing must be installed and maintained as follows, or the requirements of paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section must be met. - ALCOAOOOOOQ8763 Federal Register / Vol. 48. No. 135 / Wednesday, July 13. 1983 / Proposed Rules (1) Warning signs must be displayed at all entrances and at intervals of 100 m (330 ft) or less along the property line of the site or along the perimeter of the sections of the site where asbestoscontaining waste material is deposited. The warning signs must: (i) Be posted in such a manner and location that a person can easily read the legend: and (ii) Conform to the requirements of $1 cm' x 36 cm (20* x 14*) upright format signs specified in 29 CFR 1910.145(d)(4) and this paragraph: and (iii) Display the following legend in the lower panel with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to those specified in this paragraph. Lagans Noubon Aaoattoa Warn Oiooaaf I S em (1 neft) Sons Soft. Gome or Bud Do Not C/MW 0ut------------- 11 em (% netty S*n* Sofff. Gome or Stool. BrMtwtg AtbOflOt Hif* ta Pam Come. tdout 10 You HooltH. Spacing between any two lines must be at least equal to the height of the upper of the two lines. (2) The perimeter of the disposal site must be fenced in a manner adequate to deter access by the general public. (3) Upon request and supply of appropriate information, the Administrator will determine whether a fence or a natural barrier adequately deters access by the general public. (c) Rather than meet the no visible emission requirement of paragraph (a) of this section, an active waste disposal site would be an acceptable site if at the end of each operating day, or at least once every 24-hour period while the site is in continuous operation, the asbetoscontaining waste material which was deposited at the site during the operating day or previous 24-hour period is covered with either (1) At least 15 centimeters (6 inches) of compacted nonasbestos-containing material, or (2) A resinous or petroleum-based dust suppression agent that effectively binds dust and controls wind erosion. This agent must be used as recommended for the particular dust by the manufacturer of the dust suppression agent. Other equally effective dust suppression agents may be used upon prior approval by the Administrator. For purposes of this paragraph, waste crankcase oil is not considered a dust suppression agent (d) Rather than meet the no visible emission requirement of paragraph (a) of this section, an active waste disposal site would be an acceptable site if an alternative control method for emissions that has received prior approval by the Administrator is used. (Secs. 112 and 301(a) of the Clean Air Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7412. 7601(a)) |f* Ooc. U-1171* Filed 7-13-M. I ll am) BIUJHO COOS tsas-so-n r L- 32133 a1jCOA00000087 ATTACHMENT 3 Industrial Hygiene Technical Bulletin No. 83-3 Date: 1983 June 15 RE: ASBESTOS EXPOSURES Due to the very serious nature of asbestos exposure hazards, a closer look was taken at our policies and procedures for controlling such ex posures. Starting In 1978, Alcoa implemented an Asbestos Replacement Program with the objective of making our operations as free of asbestoscontaining materials as possible. While the program has met with con siderable success, there are still some applications where acceptable substitutes have not been found. Likewise, we currently have numerous applications where asbestos products were used in past construction and are still in place. This situation may pose a potential health hazard in the event that asbestos-containing materials become capable of fiber release (i.e. due to deterioration, water damage, etc.), or during ren ovation or demolition activities. The purpose of this technical bulletin is to clarify Alcoa's policy and procedures for job tasks involving exposures to asbestos fibers. It ap plies to both renovation or demolition of asbestos-containing materials, as well as routine or repetitive job tasks involving asbestos exposures. Attached please find a one page flow chart entitled "Asbestos Exposure Procedures" which summarizes the requirements outlined in the following text based upon job activity and air monitoring data. I. DEFINITIONS A. "Asbestos fiber" means a fibrous form of asbestos longer than 5 microns with a length-to-diameter ratio of at least 5 to 1, and with a maximum diameter of 3 microns. B. "Friable asbestos" means any material that contains more than It asbestos by weight and that can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure when dry. C. "Action Level" is defined as 0.1 flbers/cc (8 hour TWA). Med ical surveillance, air monitoring and employee training require ments are triggered at the action level. D. "Alcoa Permissible Limit (APL)" is defined as 0.5 fibers/cc (8 hour TWA). Respiratory protection is required when exposures may exceed the APL. Likewise, a respiratory protection program (employee training, fit testing, medical approval, etc.) must be implemented. E. "Routine or Repetitive Job Tasks" means employees engaged in work activities involving exposures to asbestos fibers on an average frequency of an 8 hour shift per month or greater. (Ex amples include working with marinite headers, trough linings, thermocouple wire, brake lining, etc.). ALCOA ALCOAO 000008765 Industrial Hygiene Technical Bulletin 1983 June 15 Page 2 F. "Renovation or Demolition" means those activities involving the removing, stripping, wrecking, or taking out of friable asbestos from any structural member. (Examples include removing asbestos pipe insulation, furnace tearouts, etc.). II. JOB CLASSIFICATIONS A. Routine or Repetitive Job Tasks. The Industrial hygienist should assess all job tasks involving routine or repetitive exposures to asbestos fibers. (Examples given In Definitions section.) Industrial hygiene sampling for asbestos should be performed if such Is not already the case. If asbestos concentrations are below the action level, and you are not relying on engineering controls (l.e. local exhaust) to reduce the airborne concentration, no further action Is required, pending process or product changes that might potentially in crease the airborne fiber concentrations. Areas relying on en gineering controls to reduce airborne asbestos fibers should be sampled at least annually to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls. If exposure levels are between the action level and APL, employees must be trained In the safe handling of asbestos and receive medical surveillance. Routine monitoring should be performed on a 6 month basis. When exposures are found to equal or exceed the APL, the procedures mentioned above as well as respiratory protection will be required. Disposable protective clothing may also be necessary. B. Renovation or Demolition Job Tasks. Typically, maintenance tasks Involving renovation or demolition activities represent likely potential excessive exposures. The prudent course for such job tasks would be to automatically im plement the appropriate precautionary measures: (1) medical sur veillance, (2) respiratory protection, (3) employee training and (4) protective clothing (as necessary). Wherever possible, wet down the material to be removed to minimize dust. Do not use water If electrical or other hazards exist (l.e., water on phos phorous-containing refractories may result in phosphine gas formation). The following sections offer supporting detail concerning re quired industrial hygiene safeguards when working with asbestoscontaining materials. III. REQUIREMENTS .A. Medical Surveillance. Employees exposed above the action level on an average fre quency of one eight hour shift per month or greater will re ALCOAO 000008766 Industrial Hygiene Technical Bulletin 1983 June 15 Page 3 ceive an annual medical examination. This periodic evaluation will include a questionnaire to elicit the symptomatology of respiratory disease, pulmonary function tests (FVC and FEVi.o), and a chest roentgenogram. Employees should be notified of any abnormalities within 30 days of such a finding by the evaluating physician. B. Employee Training All employees exposed to asbestos concentrations above the action level shall receive annual training in the proper handling of asbestos. This program should include an ex planation of the following: (1) The requirements outlined in this bulletin. (2) Hazardous properties of asbestos. (3) Work practices and engineering controls utilized to reduce exposures. (4) Safe work procedures for handling asbestos-containing materials. (5) The effectiveness of personal protective equipment. Attendance at such training sessions should be documented and filed appropriately. C. Air Monitoring All tasks involving potential exposures to asbestos require baseline sampling. Routine air monitoring should be contin ued on a six month basis for routine or repetitive job tasks with asbestos concentrations at or above the action level. If exposure levels are found to be below the action level, air monitoring should be performed if process or product changes occur which might potentially increase the airborne fiber concentrations. If reliance on engineering controls is necessary to reduce exposures below the action level, annual monitoring should be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls. D. Respiratory Protection Respirators are required of anyone performing a job task whose potential exposure to airborne asbestos fibers may exceed the APL. This would include all demolition/renovation activities, and may include routine or repetitive job tasks, depending upon industrial hygiene sampling data. For exposures up to 10 fibers/cc, the following NIOSH approved respirators are acceptable for protection against asbestos fibers: ALCOAO 000008767 Industrial Hygiene Technical Bulletin 1983 June 15 Page 4 3M 8710, 9900, 9910 or 9920 AO R1070 Willson 1410 MSA Comfo II with Type F Filter u Exposures in excess of 10 fibers/cc require the use of a NIOSH approved powered air purifying respirator, or a type "C" sup plied air respirator. While the Alcoa Permissible Limit determines the requirement for respiratory protection, disposable respirators should be made available to all employees with potential asbestos exposure who desire to wear them, regardless of their levels of exposure. When respiratory protection is used, a respirator program in compliance with Alcoa Engineering Standard 18.1.1 must be es tablished and implemented. Annual fit-testing and training, medical approval, NIOSH approved respirators, and written SOP's should be included with this program. E. Protective Clothing The area of protective clothing (disposable garments) Is best left up to the judgement of the plant industrial hygienist after an assessment of the job task and its associated dust exposures have been made. For demolition or renovation activities In which there Is a considerable amount of dust generation, or when fibers may accumulate on work clothing, disposable protective clothing Is warranted and required. All contaminated protective clothing, as well as respirators, should be disposed of as asbestos-containing material. F. EPA Requirements The Clean Air Act regulates removal, cleanup, and disposal of asbestos material under certain circumstances: (1) the mate rial Is "friable asbestos", and (2) asbestos Is removed from renovation or demolition work, and (3) asbestos material quantity is greater than 260 linear feet of pipe covering and 160 ft2 from other sources. If only the first two considerations exist, only notification procedures are required. If all three conditions exist. Clean Air Act Regulations Subpart B, Parts 61.22(d), (1), (j), (1) must be followed. Contact the Plant Environmental Control Department for assistance with the above. IV. ALCOA'S ASBESTOS REPLACEMENT PROGRAM Alcoa's Asbestos Replacement Program was instituted In 1978 with the objective of making our plants as free of asbestos materials as possible. Suitable replacements for most, but not all, asbes- ALCOAO 000008768 Industrial Hygiene Technical Eulletin 1983 June 15 Page 5 i tos products have been found. Efforts to find replacements for the remaining applications will continue. It is imperative that accurate records be kept to identify areas where asbestos-containing materials are being used, or have been used in past construction. To minimize potential health hazards associated with renovation or demolition of asbestos products, all maintenance projects should be reviewed for potential asbes tos exposures prior to starting the job. If asbestos is suspected, the material should be treated as such unless laboratory analysis confirms otherwise. Samples of bulk material can be analyzed by Alcoa's Environmental Health Laboratory. Asbestos materials In good condition which do not represent likely exposures should not be removed simply because they contain asbes tos since doing so may present a greater hazard during the actual removal. However, a routine inspection program of the material should be implemented to insure that the situation does not change. If you have any questions concerning the above, please do not hesitate to contact me. JOAN E. SANDER JES:sc Distribution: I. H. Distribution List I. H. Plant Contacts Industrial Hygienists - International I. H. Division - Pittsburgh & ATC I. H. Technicians Pittsburgh & ATC - General ALCOAO 000008769 ASBESTOS EXPOSURE PROCEDURES Job! Ac t iv it y o z o s Ul 0 1 o z Ul to-- < ae '_1zU9 Z o CD _l o Uol z 3 _l UJ CO C9 HCUDl z 1- z O aa_e ae H to UJ ae COD 3 a UoJ aoae. _J 5 > ae Al 3a CO UJ _J ae LL_ O X ** m 19 H u. aui 1 >x CXO <x H* Ul UJ >o_-l a. >5 >- o < X CL tUol ae rfr au o HOUl Vo aX. >X o *a*c X Utol ae (Z9 X io- _l >- CD X >UJ <to to UJ h CD CD Ul Ul - o to X a. 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