Document DGgmd5m0oKbLerNjLYmBVd6v4

FILE NAME: American Optical (AOP) DATE: 1954 Oct DOC#: AOPOOl DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Journal Article I Editor-in-Chief ALFRED M. BEST Editor H A RRY De G . ARMAND Associate Editor RALPH P. EAMES Editorial Assistant DAVID K. SILVER New Products Department EDWARD S. HOFFMAN Managing Editor CHESTER M. K ELLO G G FORMERLY "SAFETY ENGINEERING'' EST. 1901 VOL. 108, NO. 4 OCTOBER, 1994 BUSINESS DEPARTMENT Executive Vice President ARTHUR SNYDER Sales Manager WALTER H. BROCKHAVEN EDITORIAL The Safety Specialist ................................................................................................... National Safety Congress ........................................................................................... ACCIDENT PREVENTION What Have the Plant Engineer & the Safety Engineer in Common by A. B. PETTIT Production Manager A Second Look at Welding Hazards ................................ by PAUL C . ZIEM KE A. M. CRO W LEY Publication Office: Columbia Turnpike, Rensselaer, N. Y. Editorial and Advertising O ffices: BESJ Building, 75 Fulton S t.. New York 3B. N. Y. Molten Metal Miracle ............................................................................ .................... 25 A Non-Skid Floor Wax .................................................................by C A R L LAM M 28 Making Grinding Wheels Behave (machine guarding series) . by C . E. HARPER 44 What You Must Know to Guard a Machine-- Part 2 by W .E. M O N TG O M ERY 48 NATIONWIDE BRANCHES Keeping Up With Emergency Lighting ................................................................... 83 New Safety Pro d u cts............................................................................................ 94 WESTERN FRANK J . MATRE, Sales Mgr. 10 South La Salle Street C H IC A G O 3, ILL. Free Safety Bulletins ................................ 99 MAINTENANCE A New Floor W a x ............................................................................by C A R L LAMM 28 ss EAST CENTRAL PAYSON H . RYAN, Vice-President FELIX T . McC a r t h y , J r ., Spec. Repr. ARTHUR A. EBERLE Ingalls Building, 6 E. 4th St. CIN C IN N A TI 2. O HIO NEW ENGLAND W ALTER A . SPANGLER, Manager W . LAW RENCE HO W E, Spec. Repr. ! 13 Stanhope Street BOSTON IS. MASS. EASTERN ELLIO TT SEWARD, Spec. Repr. FRANK WALDRON, Spec. Repr. 75 Fulton St., New York 38, N. Y. MIDDLE ATLANTIC HOW ARD J . ADER, Manaqer 1208 Nelson Street RICHM OND 25, VA. Western Maintenance Show ......................................................................................... 30 Keeping Up With Emergency Lighting ................................................................... 83 New Maintenance Products ......................................................................................... 94 Free Maintenance Bulletins................................................................................. 99 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Clean Water for "Gandy Dancers" ............................................................ 7 . . . . Industrial Hygiene News ............................................................................................... The Need for Proper Wound Care of the Injured Hand (first aid series) by DR. RAYMOND M. CU RTIS Industrial Hygiene Data Sheet-- Trichloroethylene ............................................. The Coffee Break-- Boost or Bust? ............................................................................ The Industrial Nurse ......................................................................................................... New Hygiene Products ..................................................................................................... 35 65 66 69 71 73 94 Free Hygiene Bulletins .......................................................................................... 99 FIRE PROTECTION SOUTHEASTERN 22 Marietta Street ATLANTA. GEORGIA A Second Look at Welding Hazards ................................ by PAUL C . ZIEM KE 22 The Fire Front ...................................................................................................................... 55 Fires Mean Inspection Failures (fire protection series) . .by ALAN L. KLIN G 56 SOUTH CENTRAL Clean Up Dry Cleaning & Degreasing Fires . . . .by NORM AN H. DAVIS, Jr. 60 ________ GEN E HANSELM ANN. M anager.--_____ New Fire Products , ......... ................. ........ .... ..... .......................................... 94~ 151 Lynda Drive Free Fire Bulletins .............................................................................................................. 99 CH A TTA N O O G A 5. TENN. SOUTHWESTERN SPECIAL DEPARTMENTS ROBERT S. BEGIEN. Manager Safety's Supermarket (Exhibitors at National Safety Congress) .................... 4 ROBERT S. BEGIEN, JR . O il A Gas Building, St. Paul Street Check List of Aids to Production ................................................................................ 12 DALLAS. TEXAS The Future Shows ................................................................................ 14 Inside the Trade .................................................................................................................. 16 PACIFIC COAST HAROLD F. KANE, Manager The Safety Shelf .................................................................................... 32 1150 Wilshire Blvd.------------------ A Safety lllustratiofT............... ....... ........................................................................... 4 1 LOS ANGELES 17. C A L . Learning the Hard W ay ............................................................................................. 76 What's the Law .............................................................................................................. 77 Safety Achievements ........................................................ 79 Copyright, 1954 Alfred M. Best Company, Inc. 75 Fulton S t,, New York 38, N. Y. Transportation Safety ................................................................................................... 88 Safety on Film .................................... 90 What's New in the Safety-Maintenance Field ..................................... 94 Free Bulletins & Catalogs ............................................................................................. 99 iPa. Annual Subscription $4 (two years $61 Canadian & foreign $5 (two years $8) Single issues 50c. Also quantity rates Reader's Free Inquiry Card ................................................................................................99 Index to Advertisers ............................................................................ 100 COVER PICTURE By courtesy of Humble Oil & Refining Co. A M E R I C A ' S P I O N E E R M A G A Z I N E IN ITS FI ELD SAFETY M AINTENANCE & PRODUCTION is indexed regularly by Engineering Index, Inc., New York ON Ar c a n d g a s welding is indis see that the machines get an occa pensable to industry for speedy sional trip to the shop for the more production of a host of producctsomplete electrical check. that could not be efficiently pro Perhaps the most important item duced by any other means. Not only on the list of welding equipment is is the technique invaluable for pro the electrode holder. Some men are duction work but for maintenance quite happy with an uninsulated purposes it certainly is a godsend holder, and argue that the insula to the harried plant engineer con tion material is too fragile and there fronted with some new breakdown fore cannot be depended on. The problem each day. Paint is scaled off fact is that the insulated holders can with ease, case hardening is done in be depended on if handled carefully a jiffy and large pipe is heated in and inspected at frequent intervals. place for those intricate bends re Statistics indicate that a large per quired to fit into congested places. centage of accidents are chargeable While all this is on the profit side to uninsulated holders or those that of the ledger, there is also some con were in a defective condition. cern over the hazards presented. Most accidents of this type occur Badly kept gear can injure workers in cramped quarters where the weld through electrical shock, flash burns er's body is wet with perspiration to the eyes, and burns from spurting and is in liberal contact with the slugs in heavy cutting operations. work piece. Quite often any contact Welding equipment therefore must the operator may make with live, be kept in good condition, and the current-carrying parts through wet or inspector's job is twofold: He must bare hands will not harm him seri make detailed, periodic visual in ously. But the shock he receives spections for defects; and he must may cause him to react with such force and reckless abandon that he is injured in other ways. The common expression "kick like a mule" is no exaggerated expression. For direct current does act like that. The most vulnerable feature of electrode holders is the head, pro truding beyond the ring or collar of the insulating material just above the hand. That portion lacks insula tion. As the worker changes rods, he may readily make contact with bare metal. If he should roll on the holder, or carry it over his shoulder as so many men do, the live part may come in contact with the neck or face. Grounding Hazards One type of arc welding careless ness that recurs frequently is the utter disregard for good ground or negative return connections to the generator. Literally miles of good 3-conductor power cord to electri cally driven tools have been ruined 22 SAFETY MAINTENANCE & PRODUCTION By PAUL C. ZIEMKE Eye protection always gets first attention in welding safety. Let's look a t some of the other, less obvious haz ards: The Electrode Holder Grounding of Equip ment Storage of Cylinders Fire Hazards Dust and Fume Haz ards because the welder used a makeshift high-resistance ground on the work piece. The heavy weld current, seek ing a low resistance path, courses over the third (ground) wire of the electrical tool to bum off the drill bit point and practically "cook" the insulation into a total loss. Field welders, too, develop serious fire hazards by neglecting to bring in a ground wire to every job. An all-too-common, yet dangerous, prac tice is connecting the generator to an outside hydrant or building sillcock for the ground return circuit. Welding is then attempted in any part of the building on the general premise that there is sufficient metallic interconnection between water, gas, and metal sewer lines, plus the metal structure of the build ing, to form a low resistance path back to the generator. That this is not always true is borne out from the number of mysterious fires that de velop in service tunnels, attics and basements where arcing occurs be cause of the inadequate physical con nection between the aforementioned services. Use of the structural steel frame of a building for grounding should be attempted only under the direction of competent electrical supervision. Finally, there is the lazy man who knows just enough about the mod ern 3-phase lighting service to utilize the installation for his own benefit. Like the individual who coupled his negative return to the fire hydrant, this fellow connects his negative Cable to the neutral wire of the 230115 volt lighting service and then ex pects to move about the building anywhere with trailing positive cable to perform weld jobs wherever the occasion demands. This is a par ticularly dangerous practice since the heavy current may heat the splices and connections on the neutral wire to the point of failure.. W hat this man fails to take into consideration is the fact that the large, ample sized wire he couples onto in the building's service en trance does not of necessity extend all the way out to his weld site in the same size and capacity. The large size neutral wire extends only to the individual lighting distribu tion panels. From that point on, the wire size is drastically reduced in keeping with the type of service sup plied. The average "home run" wire leading to lights and receptacles is practically a standard--#12 gauge. To weld on ventilating ducts, stacks and conduit racks under such con ditions means that small conductors are annealed or burned off. Create in the minds of the weld ers a healthy respect for electricity, even though the voltage is consid ered too low to be deadly. A para mount warning to operators should be to take special care in hot, humid weather and when welding in wet places. Almost without exception, fatal shocks occur in hot weather. The operator's physical condition and the condition of his clothing should be his guide. Precautions for W elders 1. Use care in laying down your electrode holder so that it does not make contact with conducting ma terial. 2. Carry the electrode holder in your hand, not crushed under the arm, or slung over the shoulder. 3. Don't carry the holder about with a rod in it. 4. Don't work alone in confined places where a bump on the head, or metal fumes may knock you out and help may be slow in getting to you. 5. Exercise particu lar care in high places where it is foolhardy to cling with one hand while welding with the other. Use standard staging material and don't stand on barrel heads or packing cases to reach a high place. 6. If you must work from a ladder erected in a doorway or aisle see that you have a helper at hand to guard against passing traffic. 7. Do wear the special chrome tanned leather jacket, and keep your pants bottoms out of your shoe tops or you will get a "hot foot" that won't be funny. Fire Hazards The Livonia fire of the General Motors Co. rated the biggest loss for a single production unit, all because of an error in planning the protec tion needed against flying slugs of hot metal. Portable extinguishers merely halted the fire momentarily, and then it raged speedily out of control before the arrival of the city fire fighters. In fact in most plants using much arc welding or gas cut ting apparatus, the fire runs made to extinguish hot metal slug fires far outnumber those of any other cause. Potential fire hazards should all be eliminated before welding or cutting is begun. There are many ap proaches to this. Probably one of the most effective procedures is the issuance of a welding and burning permit before work can commence. The operator asks for this permit from the department headfor whom the work is to be performed. It is he who is best informed on the haz ards peculiar to his department and therefore is best qualified to make all arrangements to have combustibles blanketed or moved, floors watered down if of wood, and all flammable gas producing equipment shut down and vented. If the nature of the in stallation warrants it, the depart FOR O C T O B E R . 19S4 22 ment head must appoint a reliable monitor to watch the operation for the full time the work is in progress. Armed with a suitable extinguisher he should remain at the welding site about a half hour afterwards to watch for any vagrant slugs that escaped his notice while the work proceeded. Failure to do that re sulted in a 2 million dollar fire that raged for two days in a warehouse. Oxygen and acetylene hose should be inspected and pressure tested every 60 days and no one but the authorized shop individuals should make up the connectors of the suit able right and left hand threads. Patching is ruled out at any time. Tape, no matter how well applied, never made an acceptable seal. It merely covers up a bad situation that leaks gas to fill a room with an ex plosive mixture, or permits the hose to catch fire as the leaking jet of acetylene contacts a spark. Usually, it's only a matter of seconds before the jetting flame burns through the adjoining oxygen hose and then the welder had better sprint fast for the Oxygen cylinder that exploded because of exposure to heat and softening of lead seal. regulator valves. The burning rub ber and the incomplete combustion of the acetylene can literally fill up a room with floating carbon, like a "black" snow storm. In one Tennessee plant the oxygen hose burst with such violence that it caused the rupture of an ear drum. The rigger who was cutting struc tural steel had run the pressure on the regulator up too high and was using the torch valve to control the pressure in balance with his acety lene supply. In another instance, a gauge exploded violently blowing out all the windows from the little repair shop, and peppering the work man with fine bits of pulverized glass from the gauge bezel. The cause? Someone unfamiliar with the hazard of the reaction between oxygen and oil had used the stand ard shop gauge for calibrating the controls on a hydraulically powered elevator. The very legible inscrip tion on the white face of the dial --"USE NO OIL"--apparently meant exactly nothing to that benighted soul. But for the shield ing effect offered by the bulk of the oxygen cylinder, the shopman would have been killed by the flying shrapnel shot opt from the exploded gauge. Rupture Disks and Fusible Links One of the accompanying pictures shows the need for proper storage for all compressed gases, especially the fuel gases. The cylinder had been stored on the westerly side of a warehouse where the full rays of the summer sun beat down on it all the day long. Later, the cylinder was brought indoors to the small storage room adjacent to the shop. At the new location no overexpo sures to heat occurred, yet suddenly th e storage room door was torn from its hinges, carrying with it the door frame stops and the strike plate. A close examination of the cylinder by experts in the field of compressed gases revealed what appears to be a logical sequence of events. The ex posure to high solar heat on the outdoor platform had so softened the fusible lead plug on the safety cap that the lead extruded from the recess against the rupture disk. This slow movement of the lead caused the disk to flex and partially fail, yet the oxygen was still obstructed by the lead seal and hence did not es cape to the atmosphere. However, at some moment when the cylinder stood chained to its stanchion in the auxiliary warehouse one extruded portion of the lead seal let go and the rupture disk then failed com pletely, producing a jetting stream of oxygen downward on the ferrous metal threads of the protective metal cap and its associated swaged-on collar. At 2,300 lbs. pressure the escap ing oxygen reacted speedily with the excellent reactive material formed by the admixture of fine rust particles and the residual fatty materials left after years of smearing the valve threads with soap suds to check for tightness of gauges and fittings. The speed and effectiveness of the reac tion is indicated by the fact that an area the size of a silver dollar was heated to incandescence through three thicknesses of metal. The weakened metal was then forced up ward with the violence of a small volcano to splatter oxidized ferrous metal over the upper warehouse wall surface where several incipient fires were kindled on wood cross mem bers. A fire was also kindled on the wood plank which formed part of the chaining arrangement at mid point of the cylinder's length. This fire bears out the theory that the first reaction occurred as the jetting oxygen burned through the cap and collar, and so softened the cylinder wall that it failed under pressure. A check with experienced ware housemen discloses the fact that on many occasions they find cylinders completely exhausted as the result of this slow heating and softening of the lead seal above the rupture disk. The copper disk then develops a minute opening where its outer edge bears against the sharp shoul der of the valve tee to pennit a slow, sometimes completely noiseless, re lease of the 400 cu. ft. of gas. While the Interstate Commerce Commis sion requires these two protective features on all cylinders to safeguard (C ontinutd on pago t S ) 24 SAFETY MAINTENANCE 6 PRODUCTION 2nd Look at Welding (Continued from page 24) them-against violent rupture in cases of fire or other exposures to unwar ranted high temperatures, the user of compressed gases should not trust to luck too long lest a serious acci dent occur. One can imagine the calamity that would have resulted if this cylinder had ruptured when con nected to an oxygen tent providing some patient the life saving features of oxygen therapy. Dusts may be defined as solid particles of matter which are ordi narily produced by grinding, crush ing, drilling or blasting, plus the chipping or brushing of welds. These materials may be carried about the welding shop and into other work areas unless point-ofoperation or first class general ven tilation is provided. The size of the particles varies from what is called ultra-microscopic to those which are visible. From a hygiene standpoint, the significant particle size of dust ranges from a fraction of a micron to 10 microns. (A micron is 1/25,000 of an inch). The most fre quently encountered dusts in indus trial shops are of inorganic minerals. Fumes may be defined as solid particles which are formed by proc esses similar to combustion, conden sation and sublimation. The most common types of fumes encoun tered in industry are usually caused by the oxidation of metal, such as the oxides of lead or zinc. Particle size is usually smaller than that of dust and ranges below one micron. In contrast to dusts, fume particles tend to join together very easily. Many people erroneously speak of fumes when they mean vapors of liquid materials, such as acid solu tions, organic solvents, and the like. Fumes are usually found where mol ten metals such as lead, zinc, and cadmium are being processed or used in industrial operations. Weld ing may produce fumes of the metals which are being welded or fumes and gases from the variegated coat ings of weld rods. One costly FOOT ACCIDENT could have paid for 1000 PAIRS of WOODEN SOLES Reece has a shoe or sandal to fit your needs. See them at BOOTH 115 They Insulate They are Puncture Proof REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE CO. Dept. SM-10 Columbus, Nebraska (For details, as* Key # X-53 on card an pago 99) It should be remembered that metals may produce both dusts and fumes, according to the nature of the operation and the state of the materials when processed. For ex ample, among the heavy metals, such as lead, dust may be of equal or greater importance than fumes as a causative factor in disease. Other mineral dusts and metallic dusts that are also considered of etiological im portance are: (a) toxic and/or irri tant dusts (from heavy metals and their salts, such as arsenic, lead, manganese), and (b) fibrosis-pro ducing dusts, such as free silica and asbestos. Exposure to a potentially harm ful material is not necessarily a health hazard. It depends on the state of the material. W hether it is an actual health hazard can only be determined by an industrial hygiene engineering survey, in which the amount and kind of exposure is rated, according to accepted stand ards of concentration, size, and quality of dusts and fumes. Many persons erroneously state that there is, a "lead hazard," for example, when it is only known that con tact is being made with lead. The importance of air contamina tion will be evident when it is real ized the pathologic effects produced by dusts and fumes are brought about almost entirely by inhalation. There is one outstanding exception, the absorption through the skin of lead in the form of tetraethyl lead, which is of course a fluid. No dusts, so far as is known, produce any systemic pathological conditions from skin absorption, and it is doubtful that any kind of true fume is absorbed by the skin. From the etiologic point of view, particularly with reference to patho logic effects, the following outline shows how different types of sub stances among the dusts and fumes act on the various systems in the body to produce pathological effects. The lists are not complete; just typi cal examples are shown. (a) General system poisoning: Ar senic, lead, mercury, vanadium. (b) Substances acting on the gastro intestinal system: Antimony, 86 SAFETY MAINTENANCE & PRODUCTION cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc. (c) . Substances acting on the skele ton and joints: Lead, mercury, mesothorium, phosphorus, ra dium. (d) Substances acting on organs of special sense: Arsenic, lead, manganese, mercury. (e) Substances acting as fatal poisons: Lead, mercury'. (f) Substances acting on the genito urinary system: Arsenic, lead, mercury, vanadium. (g) Substances acting on th brain and nervous systems: Arsenic, lead, manganese. The name, "Metal Fume Fever," is applied to the condition which results from breathing fairly heavy concentrations of freshly formed metallic oxide fumes, principally zinc and one of its alloys, brass, al though the condition may result from the inhalation of other metallic oxide fumes. Metal fume fever is not a systemic poisoning, but it should be borne in mind that some of the metallic fumes that cause it, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and manganese, may also cause systemic , poisoning. The symptoms come on some hours after exposure, usually after leaving work. The first sign is a dryness of the throat, which may be followed by a dry cough and a feel ing of heaviness in the chest. Rise of temperature, accompanied by sweat ing, and leucocytosis and elevation of the pulse rate and the blood pres sure follow, usually with chills. The symptoms ordinarily pass in 12 or 24 hours and the usual experience is that the employee returns to work the following day. A natural immu nity is conferred on certain types of workers, but the immunity seems to be lost rapidly after removal from continnous"exposure. For ordinary conditions in which only limited dusts are encountered along with a fume condition, simple filter type respirators will protect the welder against the hazard of breath ing these dusts and fumes. The filter is made of chemically treated filter paper or felt through which the air is inhaled. The particular type of filter em ployed will depend upon the kind FOR O C T O B E R , 19S4 S a # J Noise levels are no obstacle to this safety signal! Nail mills, boiler fac tories, shuttle roohis no longer pre-' sent a signalling problem. Forget NOISE! \ i fe ll i I R I ' - . A- ' \ * ' ffP! ,i ' . , <, ,', f ` ITS BEACON RAY The warning beam of light from this Beacon Ray will penetrate through any noise levels! Rotating through 360 this concentrated beam will reflect ofF any bright surface to warn the unwary even though they may be facing the other way. With or without audible signals in service a Beacon Ray with The warning beam of light from this Beacon Ray w>ll penetrate An audible signal will fail to do this. Write for full details on the new low-cost Federal 27S Beacon Ray warning light. FED ER A L S I6 N Formerly: Federal Enterprises, Inc. $ 7 3 1 S O U T H STATE STREET and S IG N A L C o rp o ra tio n CHICAGO 1 9 , ILLINOIS twu HtAViturr H ill Ihor d e r a ils , use K ey # X-54 on card on p a g e 9VI Another SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL Safety Suggestion! FLEXIBLE STEEL INSOLE SAFETY BOOT Note the special safety features of this boot . . . designed for rugged use under wet working conditions. Sizes 6 to 13. Available, in Plain Toe Knee Boot and Steel Toe Safety Boot. ONLY ONE ITEM IN THIS COMPLETE LINE Asbestos Gloves Canvas Gloves Leather Gloves Plastic Gloves Rubber Gloves Rubber Aprons Rubber Boots Rubber Shoes Earvalves FingerG u a rd i Protective Clothing Wiping Cloths n cxiB L C srm rsU FJa tm rp SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL su pply co. YDU7Y cA /r J 2958 Vernon Ave., Chicago 16, III, See Us at the National Safety Congress BOOTH 303 (For details, use Key # X-55 on card on page 99) of contaminant presentin the air: Since it takes less of the more toxic materials such as lead to affect the wearer than the harmful amounts of fibrosis producing dusts, a more effi cient filter will have to be used against toxic dusts than against fibrosis producing and nuisance dusts. The United States Bureau of Mines tests respiratory protective de vices against various air contami- Trants under carefully controlled con ditions. Devices meeting its tests receive that Bureau's official ap proval, and this is indicated by ap proval numbers on the device and a reproduction of the certificate on the package. Equipment approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines for the particular contaminant or class of contaminants in the air should be used. Pictures by courtesy of: T op--Kaiser Services; Botton--U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. To get a greater return for your eye safety dollar... As a natural result of the continued efforts of Safety Directors to reduce eye accidents, more and more workers are wearing industrial safety pre scription glasses on the job. In a growing number of instances, however, ar rangements have not been made to take full ad vantage of the complete services of the professions to verify the lens properties of these glasses, fit the glasses to the worker and maintain them in proper adjustment. As a consequence, safety standards have been jeopardized in some areas, through the use of flam mable non-safety frames, -- or lenses of question able impact resistance. Tragic, unnecessary, and costly accidents have resulted. American Optical Company believes that correc tive-protective glasses should reach the employees only when adequate professional services are pro vided. Such a procedure is a sure and effective way to combat the breakdown in safety standards. In some states, this procedure is required by law. Corrective-protective glasses made by American Optical Company meet all safety requirements, Super Armorplate lenses carry this mark (AO) in* dicating that they are heat-strengthened and comply with rigid specifications for thickness and impact resistance. Frames are made of corrosiveresistant metal or non-flammable plastic and are sturdy enough to withstand use under normal working conditions. They also carry the AO trade mark. The employment of the full cycle of professional services in connection with prescription safety glasses and the standardization of AO lenses and frames will assure maximum protection for the worker and the greatest return for every dollar in vested under your supervision in visual safety. Be sure to see our film. Room si 524A, Conrad Hilton, at the National Safety Show. w w ^rw ) a AO I ? SAFETY ZONE Keep your workers in the Safety Zone with American Opt^ cal Safety Equipment. SOUTHBRIDCE, MASSACHUSETTS BRANCHES IN PRIN CIPA L CITIES (For details, use Key # X-l on ca rd on page 99) From 5 products to more than 3600 Keeping pace with safety needs has been our job here at M.S.A. since our beginning on June 14th, 1914. During these years, hundreds of new hazards have been introduced by new industrial processes and projects. Many of these problems were antici pated by us . . . many were relayed to us. The more than 3600 items now in our product line provide ample testimony to the fact that our extensive re search and manufacturing facilities were successful in finding the right answers. Our finest reward for these 40 years of safety service comes from the knowledge that today thou sands of men, who otherwise could be seriously injured, are well because M.S.A. products have turned accidents into incidents. This knowledge is a spur to continuing achievement. MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES COMPANY 201 North Braddock Avenue, Pittsburgh 8, Pa: At Your Service: 76 Branch Offices in the United States Call the M .S.A. man on your every safely problem . . his ob is io help you MINE SAFETY APPLIANCES CO. OF CANADA, LTD. Toronto, Montreal, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Vancouver, Sydney, N.S. Representatives in Principal Cities in Mexico, Central and South America , w Cable Address: " M INSAF" Pittsburgh FOR O C T O B E R . 19S4 (For details, use Key # X-12 on card on page 99) 15 HORIZONTAL SPEEDHEATER. 11 standard sizes for steam, hot water Capacities 17,800 to 300,500 BTUH. m m u m im S l. F i. l CHECK THESE WESTINGHOUSE HORIZONTAL SPEEDHEATER SPECIALS! Piale fini (yf noise, minimi! coil dogging greater efficiency, 0A'S-FiRED SPEEDHEATER. 7 standard sizes. Natural, mfd. or LP gas. Capacities 25,000 to 200,000 BTUH. j DOWNBLAST SPEEDHEATER e 10 standard sizes for steom, hot water. Capacities 24,700 to 400,000 BTUH. jjjRn IS S Pliable hangers (no extra cost) simplify installation. Four conn.clied combinations (A-C, B-D, A-8, B-C) allow tight-spot installation. The traditional valu e in unit heaters-- Westinghouse Speedheaters for instant h e a t .. . quiet h e a t .. . low-cost heat . Built for strength, built for style, built to install ^easily and satisfy for years. For today's outstanding heating value, look to a pio neer name in unit heaters--look to Westinghouse Speedheaters! Check, before you specify, all the fea tures that add up to traditional Speedheater superiority : ; (1) instant heat--generated at the flip of a switch, and all of it effective heat because the Speed heater one-row, plate-fin heating element assures f most efficient heat flow; (2) quiet heat--the Speedheater, always known for silent operation, is quieter than ever! Aluminum plate fins, mechanically bonded, cut noise . . . rugged, welded construction eliminates rattles . . . powerful die-formed fans send heat where it's needed, do it quietly: (3) low-cost heat--heat that saves dollars on fuel (up to 25% savings in present installations over old-style systems), more dollars in pure-andsimple efficiency in heating spots or large zones, in supplementing central systems in any required pattern. Check other Speedheater values, too: the pliable steel hanger straps and flexible connection combinations (see cuts) that simplify Horizontal model installation . the multiple-cone diffusers on Downblast model that give positive heat control, especially desirable for buildings with high ceilings . . . the all-purpose AGAapproved Gas-Fired model that eliminates the need for central system heating. For full information call your Westinghouse-Sturtevant heating specialist now. Or write: Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Sturtevant Division, Hyde Park, Boston 36, Mass. WESTINGHOUSE AIR HANDLING _________ YOU CAN BE SURE...IF I T ' S ^ ^ f e s t i l l ^ l O U S C _________ (For details, se K.y # X-17 en tard n page > SAFETY MAINTENANCE 6 PRODUCTION