Document DGXr9neOXb6ow4kJmbLza6aqB

FILE NAME Owens Illinois OWILL DATE 1988 DOC OWILL113 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Legal - Exhibits from Testimony of David Kirstein CAUSE JUDY BLACKBURN INDIVIDUALLY AND AS ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE OF GERALD LESLIE BLACKBURN DECEASED FLORENCE BLACKBURN GLEN D. BLACKBURN RONALD K. BLACKBURN and MELANIE J. BLACKBURN INDIVIDUALLY V. ACandS INC ET AL NO 149,835 IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF cos JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS cos 172nd JUDICIAL DISTRICT " PLAINTIFFS NOTICE OF ORAL DEPOSITION OF DAVID KIRSTEIN TO David Kirstein Trudeau Institute 100 Algonquin Avenue Saranac Lake NY 12983 PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Plaintiffs in the referenced cause of action will named below at the time and place designated in this notice take the oral deposition of the person to the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure pursuant WITNESS David Kirstein Custodian of Records DATE Friday August 28 1998 continuing from day to day until completed TIME PLACE 10:00 a.m. EDT Trudeau Institute 100 Algonquin Avenue Saranac Lake NY 12983 COURT REPORTER Sarah J. Perkett 1800 Old Street Road Au Sable Chasm NY 12933 518 834-3013 The deponent is requested to bring any and all documents relating referring or pertaining to asbestos You are invited to appear and examine the witness The Law Offices Of Herschel L. Hobson 2190 Harrison Beaumont Texas 77701 Ph # 409 838-6410 Fax # 409 838-6084 Respectfully submitted By Herschel L. Hobson TBA 09744600 ATTORNEY FOR PLAINTIFFS PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein +] * 8-28-98 A. - | . a . TR argue ROA 9S Oy epee DUS Ne RNR ATS rN? RATS SO tn eager ee Sy oy Certificate of Service hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the above and foregoing instrument has been duly forwarded to all counsel of record on this 17th of August 1998 Herschel L. Hobson muke \ dmword depos blackburn david kirstein.doc PLAINTIFFS NOTICE OF ORAL DEPOSITION OF DAVID KIRSTEIN TO DAVID KIRSTEIN Trudeau Institute 100 Algonquin Avenue Saranac Lake NY 12983 PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the Plaintiffs in the referenced causes of action will take the oral deposition of the person named below at the time and place designated in this notice pursuant to the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure WITNESS DAVID KIRSTEIN Custodian of Records DATE FRIDAY AUGUST 28 1998 continuing from day to day until completed TIME PLACE 10:00 a.m. EDT Trudeau Institute 100 Algonquin Avenue Saranac Lake NY 12983 COURT REPORTER Sarah J. Perkett 1800 Old Street Road Au Sable Chasm NY 12933 518 834-3013 The deponent is requested to bring any and all documents relating referring or pertaining to asbestos or silica You are invided to appear and examine the witness JOSEPH C. BLANKS P.C. P.O. Drawer 999 DOUCETTE TX 75942 (409)837-9707 FAX 837-9045 Texas Bar No. 02456770 S.D.Tex 2110 Respectfully submitted JCB Joseph C. Blanks Attorney for Plaintiff CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE - I served a true copy of the above on all attorneys of record Aug 22 1998 19 48 GMTby telecopier or first class mail CRRR . JCB Joseph C. Blanks Ntc822 do~ GloDep To Shepard Hoffman IN THE 60TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Allen et al v Amer Petrofina Inc. et al 126,986 G. Broussard v AC Inc. et al 144,426 Consolidated w 145.587 Dekerlegand v ACandS Inc. et al 156,670 Forrestier et al v AC Inc. et al 144,426 Consolidated 126.986 Hicks et al v Beth Steel Corp. et al 134.614 Consolidated 126.986 Limon v Transbulk Carriers Inc. et al 153,163 Mire v Mobil Oil Corp 132,431 Powers v American Optical et al 134,025 Provost et al v Amoco Corp. et al 154,096 Scott v American Optical Corp. et al 141,242 Willbanks et al v AC Inc. et al 148,523 IN THE 58TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Barnard et ux v Signal Inc. et al 141,216 Consolidated 134,614 + Ebanks v AC Inc. et al 142.945 reassigned to 60th District Court Jones et al v AC Inc. et al 151,231 Schmidt et al v Aetna Cas & Surety et al 150,405 Consol 145,280 Stinnett y Chevron USA Inc. et al 155,205 * Thornton v A.P. Green Indus Inc. et al 157,405 . Washington v American Cast Iron Pipe Company et al 153,063 * Williams v Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp. et al 158,755 IN THE 136TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Doucet v E.l. Dupont De Nemours e al 156.143 * Soape v Atlantic Richfield Co. et al 157,235 IN THE 172ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Blackburn et al v AC Inc. et al 149,835 Gilbert v American Optical Corp. et al 153,066 IN THE 56TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT GALVESTON COUNTY TEXAS Millican et al v ACandS Inc. et al 0501 IN THE 239TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT BRAZORIA COUNTY TEXAS Loonam et al v ACandS Inc. et al JG97 IN THE 148TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT NUECES COUNTY TEXAS Denkeler et al v AC Inc. et al 96-3348 IN THE 71st JUDICIAL DISTRICT HARRISON COUNTY TEXAS Fleming et al v Air Liquide of America Inc et al 95-0906 IN THE 134TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT DALLAS COUNTY TEXAS Shelley et ux V. Air Liquide of America Inc. et al 95-08-889 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT M.D. LA M2 * Verna G. LaLonde vs. Delta Field Erection Co. et al 96-3244 LA IN THE 34TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF ST BARNARD PARISH . + Winningkoff et al v American Cyanamid Co. et al No. 81-663 IN THE 19TH JUD DISTRICT COURT OF E. BATON ROUGE PARISH LA " Napoli et al v Armstrong World Industries Inc. et al No. 440,853 Dvs. J. IN THE 19TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF CALCASIEU PARISH Broussard et al v Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. et al No. 97-5160 LA Ntc822 doc GloDep FILE Please take notice of these revisions to depositon notices served 22-8 Re James Hammond 9/4/98 to be at CSR Inc. in Houston 3730 Kirby Drive 77098 Re William Krebs 9/1/98 deposition must be postponed until 9/17/98 Re David Kirsten deposition noticed for 28 98 will begin at Noon not 10:00 a.m. COPY GloDep Group Glode824.doc Forr deps Aug 24 1998 21:46 GMT from Joseph C. Blanks attorney for Plaintiffs To Shepard Hoffinan IN THE 60TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Allen et al v Amer Petrofina Inc. et al 126.986 __ G. Broussard v AC Inc. et al 144,426 Consolidated w 145.587 Dekerlegand v ACandS Inc. et al 156,670 ; Forrestier et al v AC Inc et al 144,426 Consolidated 126.986 + Hicks et al v Beth Steel Corp. et al 134.614 Consolidated 126.986 Limon v Transbulk Carriers Inc. et al 153,163 Mire v Mobil Oil Corp 132,431 * Powers v American Optical et al 134,025 Provost et al v Amoco Corp. et al 154.096 Scott v American Optical Corp. et al 141,242 Willbanks et al v AC Inc et al 148,523 IN THE 58TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Barnard et ux v Signal Inc. et al 141,216 Consolidated 134.614 Ebanks v AC Inc. et al 142,945 reassigned to 60th District Court Jones et al v AC Inc. et al 151,231 Schmidt et al v Aetna Cas & Surety et al 150.405 Consol 145.280 Stinnett v Chevron USA Inc. et al 155,205 Thomton v A.P. Green Indus Inc. et al 157,405 Washington v American Cast Iron Pipe Company et al 153.063 Williams v Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp. et al 158,755 IN THE 136TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Doucet v E.I. Dupont De Nemours e al 156,143 Soape v Atlantic Richfield Co. et al 157.235 IN THE 172ND JUDICIAL DISTRICT JEFFERSON COUNTY TEXAS Blackburn et al v AC Inc. et al 149.835 * Gilbert v American Optical Corp. et al 153,066 IN THE 56TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT GALVESTON COUNTY TEXAS Millican et al v ACandS Inc. et al 0501 IN THE 239TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT BRAZORIA COUNTY TEXAS Loonam et al v ACandS Inc. et al JG97 IN THE 148TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT NUECES COUNTY TEXAS Denkeler et al v AC Inc. et al 96-3348 IN THE 71st JUDICIAL DISTRICT HARRISON COUNTY TEXAS Fleming et al v Air Liquide of America Inc. et al 95-01906 IN THE 134TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT DALLAS COUNTY TEXAS Shelley et ux v Air Liquide of America Inc. et al 95-08-889 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT M.D. LA M2 Verna G. LaLonde vs. Delta Field Erection Co. et al 96-3244 IN THE 34TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF ST BARNARD PARISH LA Winningkoff et al v American Cvanamid Co et al No. 81-663 IN THE 19TH JUD DISTRICT COURT OF E. BATON ROUGE PARISH LA Napoli et al v Armstrong World Industries Inc. et al No. 440.853 Dvs. J IN THE 19TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF CALCASIEU PARISH LA Broussard et al v Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co al No. 97-5160 GloDep Group Glode824.doc Forr deps OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY FIRST IN GLASS February 12 1943 Dr. L. . Gardner Saranac Laboratories Saranac Lake New York Dear Sir this You will recall an extensive investigation which you conducted for company several years ago as to the air hygiene aspects of fiberglas We we need some standpoint have now in the pilot plant stage a new material regarding which guidance as to what is indicated as necessary from that same The material is a hydrous calcium silicate Silica of 200 mesh per inch and finer is incorporated with calcium hydroxide in a water suspension After sufficient preliminary reaction to convert a portion of the reactants to a gelatinous form of such consistency as to suspend the remainder of the reactants and avoid settlinthge material is poured into molds which are then placed in a steam cylinder similar to those commonly used in the manufacture of sand lime brick and subjected to 125 lbs per square inch pressure of steam and its resultant temperature for approximately ten hours During this time a crystallization occurs although the material is still wet when removed from the cylinder It is then dried and yields a porous mass which can be sawed like lumber uses It is intended to also as an industrial use this material for certain interior structural thermal insulating material for pipe etc. The material contains no free calcium hydroxide but does contain a very slight amount of unreacted silica presumably the larger particles of silica which have persisted while the available calcium hydroxide has been consumed in the formation of the hydrous calcium silicate The following points merit consideration 1 - Does the hydrous calcium silicate of itself constitute any air hazard from an air hygiene standpoint Are the few residual particles of silica of such size and fre- quency as to constitute a hazard PLAINTIEXFHIBFIT'S It should be considered from the standpoint of employees working in the plant where the material is made or where it may be sawed to desired dimensions and also considered from the standpoint of applicators or erectors at the point of use 000320 2 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY Dr. L. U. Gardner Saranac Lake New York February 12 1943 ; We are forwarding to you by mail two samples - one which will represent the material which collects in our collecting system and the other represents material presumably finer which has settled from the atmosphere in a finishing room where cutting of the material is done for our program We would like to have your opinion tentatively as to the situation present needs and your suggestion as to a suitably comprehensive to permit a final determination of its status . The writer recalls very pleasantly having lunch with you and Mr. Walters at Baltimore a few years ago during a meeting of the American Ceramic Society U. E. Bowes j Very truly yours UE -- -- -- Director of Research -- - Hr A. C. Hirth Mr. K. M. Olander Mr. H. H. Renn Mr. David Innes - Berlin 00022 February 23 1943 Mr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research Illinois Glass Toledo Ohio Company Dear Mr. Bowes I of Eebruary 12th calcium silicate was very much interested in your letter describing the action of synthetic which you are developing . The samples of material just arrived this afternoon and we have had a preliminary work would suspect that they might be a source of difficulty but that point cannot be answered at them I respiratory until we ob- tain considerable more information ; We will subject the samples to chemical and ray analysis to be sure that there is no free silica in them Inftidentally may I ask in what form the silica com- ponent worked Did you start with an amorphous silica or was it quartz At the same time we will attempt to reduce some of the samples to size that can be injected into the lungs of guinea pigs to see whether it is capable of producing a pulmonary fibrosis The physical properties suggest that it might act like asbestos but of course one would not care to anticipate this outcome without actual trial Preliminary animal work should be far enough advanced after 3 or 4 months to determine whether it would be desirable to plan.upon an inhalation experiment If the calcium silicate should be capable of causing fibrosis one should ascertain whether it can be inhaled from the then atmosphere In the mean time I would regard it with suspicion and see that those who were working in the pilot plant or otherwise exposed were protected by respirators if there are appreciable concentrations in the atmosphere PLAINTIFF'S 2 PLAINTIF'S EXHIBIT - Kirstein EXHIBIT Kirstein Kirstein EXHIBIT PLAINTIF'S Kirstein Kirstein stances having may or may not physical properties canse tissue reactions asbestos seems to behave more like asgestos As soon as our analyses further Mr. U. E. Bowes -2- February 23 1943 I an extremely interested in this material because as you know I have been attempting to discover similatro asbestos substances having physical properties tissue reactions Thus far we which may or may not cause have found that chrysotile asbestos is unique to behave but on supermore like ficial inspection your product seem our a we have discovered Ke soon as asbestos than anything I will write you further analyses are completed Very truly yours LUG RBH Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director 00031 OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY FIRST IN GLASS MANUFACTURER Or aS Stanci ret GLASS PRODUCTS GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO March 1 1943 Dr. Leroy U. Gardner The Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake N. Y. Dear Dr. Gardner Referring to your letter of February 23rd We do add the silica in the form of quartz and Xray studies which we have had conducted at M.I.T. in our study of the structure of the material do indicate some quartz remaining We also use a certain percentage usually 10 to 20 per cent of Chrysotile asbestos as a reinforcing agent Under the conditions under which the reaction occurs we would expect that the particles of quartz which remain after the re- action is completed would be the larger particles which had not yet been consumed in the reaction by the time that the available calcium hydroxide had all been consumed If it will be helpful we can arrange to dissolve the matrix so that the particles of quartz remaining can be examined independently as to size Will you give me an estimate of the cost of such portion of the investigation as we might expect to complete during the course of this year for inclusion in our budget for the remainder of the year This is merely to conform with the accounting procedures and is not intended in any way to restrict the scope of the investigational work be conducted to investigate the matter in the most effective possible . that way should U. E. jE Bowes truzy yours C9B C9B C9BDirector of Research PLAINTIFF'S . March 3 1943 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Toledo Ohio Company Dear Mr. Bowes this morning the moment but March and will Your letter to Dr. Gardner Dr. Gardner is out of town at will return about the 10th of write you at that time Yours very truly Secretary to Dr. Gardner PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein Kirstein 8-28-98 Kirstein Kirstein Kirstein 8-28-98 8-28-988-28-98 000314 March 12 1943 Mr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research Illinois Glase Toledo Ohio Company Dear Mr. Boweg Thank you very much for your further information on the composition of your synthetic insulating material . added I am disappointed to hear that what we thought to be synthetic asbestos proved to be ohrysotile which had been as a reenforcing agent - Quartz The fact that you are starting with a mixture of Quartz and asbestos would certainly suggest that you have all the ingredients for a first class hazard However the particle size of the former will of course be determined The asbestos may or may not be in such form as to be inhalable We ourselves will be able to get rid of the matrix I think so that we can determine the particle size of the quartz I would extimate that the cost of making the pre- tests and particle size determination and so on would not liminary exceed 300 With this information in hand you can then decide whether you care to go into an experiment of a larger scale for 5,000 which our charge is for the first year and less in the tsiuocncededeicnrgeaosneess as the number of animals to be kept under observa- approval I trust that this suggestion may meet with your Very truly yours LUG RBE Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT S 00031 OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY FIRST IN GLASS MANUFACTURER OP PACKAE .Kanci PACKAE GLASS PRODUCTS GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO June 25 1943 Dr. Leroy U.Gardner The Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Gardner to us as silicate Have you anything further that you could report yet regarding the study of the hydrous calcium whicwhe sent to you some months ago some It was my impression that you planned to make further studies and while we appreciate that the inves- tigation has not had an opportunity to proceed to completion we would appreciate anything you might be able to give us in the way of a progress report Very truly yours U. E. jg Bowes avr Director of Research PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT \ 8-28-99 June 29 1943 Dr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research Illinois Glass Toledo Ohio Dear Dr. Bowes Company RE Experiments on ; Hydrous Calcium Silicates In reply to your letter of June 25 I can report that samples of both Rotoclone and Sander dusts have been injected into guinea pigs to determine whether they would be tolerated and how we might best plan further experiments to determine whether they are likely to cause chronic disease of the lungs Petrographic composition Chemical Petrographic following approximate and ray Diffraction Analysis gave the aproximate composition for the two samples Rotoclone Dust Quartz - particle size 6 to 80... little under ...... Calcite - altered perhaps by heat 3 Chrsotile - extremely fine .25 Hydrated Calcium Silicate , 50 Glass Diatomaceous Earth Sander Dust Quartz - particle size 6 to 120... Calcite - altered Fibrous Material - Coarse matted gether Chrysotile 10 Trace 7.5 7.5 3.0 Wood Fibre Hydrated Calcium Silicate Both of these materials proved difficult to reduce to a size suitable for injection purposes without crushing which our experience has demonstrated will destroy the biological activity of asbestos one of the suspicious components However this was obviously come and suspensions of 200 mesh particles were prepared for injection The resultant suspensions in physio- salt solution were alkaline the rotoclone sample about logical and the sander sample about 9. These values will be checked p2H8 7s.o5on as our potentiometer which is temporarily out of order can . be repaired As was anticipated the injection of materials of this degree of alkalinity caused immediate difficulties Three of five pigs injected into the peritoneal cavity with the rotoclone sample died of peritonitis 2 to 4 weeks later with the still more alkaline sander dust four of the five died within 6 to 9 days When the two materials were introduced directly into the lungs by a tube through the windpipe the alkalinity of the sander dust was apparently too high to be well tolerated 3 of the 5 animals died of acute pneumonia during the 2 week injection period 5 doses were administered during this time The slightly lower alkalinity of the rotoclone sample apparently made it tolerable and there were no accidental deaths ' These acute reactions to relatively large quantities of the hydrous calcium silicate are as indicated probably due the pH of the dust suspension and probably have little bearing upon the problem before us By inhalation the quantity of fine dust entering the lungs in unit time would presumably be too small to produce a chemical pneumonia from alkalinity alone The results to date are at least temporarily assumed to result from the highly artificial methods of testing The chronic effects in which we are chiefly interested will require more time for development We are dealing with a mixture that contains free silica and asbestos as well as hydrated calcium silicate fibre etc. Both asbestos and quartz are pulmonary irritants capable of causing progressive pulmonary fibrosis Although our analysis revealed little quartz of a particle size capable of causing lung damage 3...and under we do not know whether such particles could be produced in the manufacture or use of this product Furthermore it is generally assumed that the accelerated solubility of quartz in an alkaline medium increases its toxicity 00031 Dr. U. E. Bowes 53- June 29 1943 This we have never been able to confirm by ex- but it still may be true and further observation of your periment action should shed more light upon this question product's the other hand seem to lose their capacity Asbestos fibres on to irritate when subjected to alkaline treatment We have just killed two animals that received 1 month rotoclone and sander dusts respectively by tube into ago the lungs Grossly there is plenty of tissue reaction but its sections are avail- nature cannot be determined until microscopic able These may give some indication of the future trend of but it will take at least another 5 months before one events whether silicosis asbestosis or other chronic knows definitely pulmonary pulmonary disease arc 111ely 111ely to develop . Before making further plans for assay of this material I want to see these microscopic sections which should become available available within a week There are still enough animals in the various groups alive so that we should be able to decide whether it is necessary to undertake a large scale inhalation experiment Very truly yours Leroy 7. Leroy 7. Gardner Gardner Director H. H. D. D. 000313 June 23 1943 Dr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio . RE Experiments on Hydrous Calcium Silicates Dear Dr. Bowes In reply to your letter of June 25 I can report that samples of both Rotoclone and Sander dusts have been injected into guinea pigs to determine whether they would be tolerated and how we might best plan further experiments to determine whether they are likely to cause chronic disease of the lungs Chemical Petrographic and ray Diffraction Analysis gave following approximate composition for the two samples : the Rotoclone Just Quartz - particle size 6 to 30... little under ...... Calcite - altered perhaps by heat 3,2 Chrsotile - extremely fine 25 Hydrated Calcium Silicate 50 Glass . 10 Diatomaceous Earth Sander Dust Quartz > particle size 6 to 120... Trace . 7.5 7.5 Calcite - altered . 3.0 Fibrous Material - Coarse matted gether Chrysotile Wood Fibre 25.0 Hydrated Calcium Silicate PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Dr. U. E. Bowes 03- June 29 1943 This we have never been able to confirm by experiment but it still may be true and further observation of your product's action should shed more light upon this question Asbestos fibres on the other hand seem to lose their capacity to irritate when subjected to alkaline treatment We have just killed two animals that received 1 month ago rotoclone and sander dusts respectively by tube into the lungs Grossly there is plenty of tissue reaction but its nature cannot be determined until microscopic sections are available These may give some indication of the future trend of events but it will take at least another 5 months before one knows definitely whether silicosis asbestosis or other chronic pulmonary disease are likely to develop Before making further plans for assay of this material I want to see these microscopic sections which should become available within a week There are still enough animals in the various groups alive that we shoulbde able to decide whether it is necessary to undertake a large scale inhalation experiment Very truly yours PR : PE RE Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director 000316 Dr. U. E. Bowes -2- June 29 1943 Both of these materials proved difficult to reduce to a size suitable for injection purposes without crushing which has demonstrated will destroy the biological our experience activity of asbestos one of the suspicious components However of 200 mesh particles this was obviously come and suspensions were prepared for injection The resultant suspensions in physio- losical salt solution were alkaline the rotoclone sample about 7.5 and the sander sample about 9 These values will be checked paHs soon as our potentiometer which is temporarily out of order can be repaired As was anticipated the injection of materials of this degree of alkalinity caused immediate difficulties Three of five pigs injected into the peritoneal cavity with the retoclone sample died of peritonitis 2 to 4 weeks later with the still more alkaline sander dust four of the five died within 6 to 9 When the two materials were introduced directly into the days lungs by a tube through the windripe the alkalinity of the sander dust was apparently too high to be well tolerated 3 of the 5 animals died of acute pneuronia during the 2 week injection period 3 doses wer administered during this time The slightly lower alkalinity of the retoclone sample armarently made it tolerable and there were no accidental deaths These acute reactions to relatively larre quantities of the hydrous calcium silicate are as indicated probably due the pH of the dust suspension and probably have little bearing upon the problem before us By inhalation the quantity of fine dust entering the lunes in unit time would presumably be too small to produce a chemical pneumonia from alkalinity alone The results to date ar at least terroreril assumed to result from the highly artificial methods of testing The chronic effects in which we are chiefly interested will require more time for development We are dealing with a mixture that contains free silica and asbestos as well as hydrated calcium silicate fibre etc. Both asbestos and quartz are pulmonary irritants capable of causing progressive pulmonary fibrosis Al- though our of causing analysis revealed little quartz of a particle size lung damage 3 and under we do not know whether capable such particles could be produced in the manufacture or use of this product Furthermore it is generally assumed that the accelerated solubility of quartz in an alkaline medium increases its toxicity 000309 OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY FIRST IN GLASS MANUFACTURER OF GLASS PRODUCTS GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO July 6 1943 Dr. Leroy U.Gardner The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Gardner We are glad to receive your giving a preliminary report and will further observations We wish you to letter of June 29th await with interest your continue your investiga- investiga- tions as diligently as possible until you can give us some clear appraisal of the status of this material In some previous correspondence fact that chrysotile when enhaled behaves of the other forms of asbestos No doubt you mentioned the differently than some you are familiar with the facts regarding our product it has tion and gelation the gelation of chrysotile in water In had ample opportunity to complete its hydraIt is possible that our material for this reason might behave differently than chrysotile as mined Should you so desire we research personnel who are working the gelation characteristics of it could arrange to on this material for you have our review Very truly yours U.E.Bowes jg U Bawez Director of Research PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT t Kirstein 000300 July 8 1943 Dr. O. E. Bowes Director of Research Illinois Glass Toledo Ohio Company Dear Dr. Bowes z of the 6th Thank you very much for your letter . We are acquainted with the fact that chrysotile gels on treatment with water but as far as we have been able to determinaet least partial gelation does not affect its capacity to irritate tissues We have injected it in suspensions of physiological salt solution and found that it would produce as much as or more fibrosis of the lungs as when inhaled as dry dust I would be very pleased indeed if your research research personnel could furnish us with any data on the gelation characteristics of chrysotile which they have developed Very truly yours LUG REH Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director 00030 July 8 1943 Dr. O. E. Bowes Director of Research . Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio Dear Dr. Bowes a, Thank you very much for your letter ; We are acquainted with the fact that chrysotile gels on treatment with water but as far as we have been able to determine at least partial gteilsastuieosn does not affect its capacity to irritate : We have injected it in suspensions of physiological salt solution and found that it would produce as mugh as or more fibrosis of the lungs as when inhaled as dry dust I would be very pleased indeed if your research personnel could furnish us with any data on the gelation characteristics of chrysotile which they have developed . Very truly yours - LUG REH Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director PLAINTIFF'S . ww OWENS - ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY ... FIRST IN GLASS COMPLETE MANUFACTURER OF COMPLETE Mavice a GLASS PRODUCTS GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1044 1044 10441044 Dear Dr. rs Gardner Some months ago we submitted to you some samples of hydrous calcium silicate and you gave us some preliminary observations regarding it At that time we suggested that you proceed with a complete study of the matter and we are interested to know how far this has progressed Very 09 truly U.E.Sowes Director of Research PLAINTIFF'S 000299 May 31 1944 Mr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research Illinois Glass Toledo Ohio RE Company : Dear Mr. Bowes Hydrous Calcium silicate Animal Experiments I am only just now in a position to submit a final report of on the results of our animal assay of the physiological effects your product designated Hydrous Calcium silicate silicate As received the material was too coarse for animal in- Jection tests After further reduction in size it proved to be quite toxic when injected into guinea pigs so that it was to peat many of the tests necessary However enough animals survived re- ficient period so that the general characteristics of for a suf- could be evaluated Such reaction had the tissue reaction silicosis but did resemble asbestosis none of the appearances of a One would conclude that if the dust of this material ground sufficiently fine to be inhaled in were would probably produce a pulmonary appreciable disease quantities it ever the appended data indicate that in thesimsuamlpalteisngsaubsmbietstteodsitshe How- particle size of the components was such that inhalation of most of the components would be difficult You are in a to know whether these samples are better position than we in your plant In representative of the borne dust my opinion the dust of this is potentially dangerous if in hydrous calcium silicate is reduced considerably below thpartoceinssitnhge tshaemplmeastersiuablmitthteedparticle size The appended report contains details chemical characteristics of the dust made to test its samples and of physiological activity of the physical and the animal tests I enclose a statement for our services PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT TULANKS Kirstein Very truly yours Leroy U. Gardner D. Director LUG 000386 P. S. If you could refer me to asbestos and its any literature on the effects of water o subsequent gelation it would be appreciated " On February 2 1943 we receivferodm OwHeyndsroIulslinCoailsciuGmlasSsilCioca.te . two samples of a new producthazdaersdignoafteidnha aslation of inhaled dust for assay of physiological Sander Dust and Rotoclone Dust They were labeled respectively indicated that they were mixtures of parti- Preliminary inspection the latter having the characteristics of culate and fibrous materials and ray diffraction analysis re- asbestos A combined petrographic vealed the following approximate compositions Quartz Calcite Glase Chrysotile Asbestos RAY 12 - 25 ROTOCLONE DUST PETROGRAPHIC 20 to 30 APPROXIMATE SIZE ETC. 6 to 80 microns Little less than 10 10 to 20 Altered by host 10 2 ween pene ee ween eee wee een 40 Few single fibres less than 50 microns More less than 20 microns Most of the single fibres more than 100 microns Much in unosened bundles Hydrated Ca Silicate 50 -- _ Diatomite Trace -~ penne enw eee enn en nnn we a Quartz 7.5 Calcite 3 Fibres Chrysotile 25 Wood _ SANDER DUST 5 to 10 6 to 120 microns 10 Altered -- 20 to 40 Similar to that from rotoclone Coarse matted togetner Hydrated Ca Silioate 25 to35 oe ne ee ee ee ee ane 000301 ANIMAL ASSAYS The material as received was too coarse to be injected into animals and had to be reduced to proper particle size Grinding was not feasible owing to the presence of chrysotile whose structure and irritating properties are destroyed by prolonged grinding We were therefore compelled to reduce it by prolonged cutting with scissors sieving through a 200 mest screen and adjusting the proportion of fibres and particulate matter in the product to that of the original specimens Portions of each sample were nado up in physiological salt solution in strengths of 5 and 10 for guinea pig injection The pH of the rotoclone sample was 7.5 which should cause no tissue irritation That of the sander dust was 3 which is too alkaline to be well tolerated The 10 auspensions were injected intraperitoneally a single dose of 2 o.c. ie 500 mg of just The 5 suspensions were administered directly into the lungs by tracheal oatheter 3 doses of 0.5 c.o each at intervals of 6 days a total of 75 mg of dust Intraperitoneal injections of neither sample er well received 60 of those treated with the rotoclone sumple died within 2 to 3 weeks and 80 of the ones getting the sander dust were dead in 3 days All these pigs showed acute inflammatory changes about masses of dead cells where large accumulations of the dust had localized The early result could not be evaluated except for the fact that it never occurs after the injection of quartz or asbestos alone However there were 3 animals that survived for 8 months 2 receiving rotoclone dust and one sander dust In neither of them was there any suggestion of silicosis on gross or microscopic examination An asbestotic change is not 00030 ANIMAL ASSAYS CONT'D recognizable outside of the lungs and hence would not be expected in this group Intratracheal injections were somewhat better tolerated particularly in the case of the rotoclone sample where there were only 2 deaths among 6 animals and and these occurred 6 to 10 months after con- pleting the injections Of the sander dust animals 3 died of acute resction during the period of injection presumably on account of the high alkalinity One was killed 1 month and another4 months after completing the injections . Both samples produced fibrosis within and about the terminal bronchioles in all animals surviving for I nonth or Ho10 This reaction was generally comparable to that obscrved on injecting pure chrysotile asbestos Typical asbestosis bolles were present in small numbers and the distribution of the lesione vis typical of of injection asbestosis The only difference was a tendency for the fibrous tissue to be more dense and se. eat hyalinifed after ' to 10 5/4 month.c This effect is probably attributable to the quartz in the mixture Nothing active of silicctic nodular fibrosis could be discovered either within the lungs or the associated tracheobronchial lymph nodes Summary After further reduction in size the two samples of this mixture of asbestos wood fibre quartz and hydrated calcium silicate is toxic The high on intraperitoneal and intratracheal injection into alkalinity of the sumer dust probably accounts for guinea pigs the earlier deaths in the case of intraperitoneal injection where a large dose is concentrated the deferred in a localized cavity and deaths from the rotoclone absorption is sample with a rapid However pH of only 7.5 sug- gests some other injurious property 000305 3 ANIMAL ASSAYS CONT'D The chronic effects in the few animals surviving for a month or more are apparently due to the fibrous components of the dust and their nature indicates that asbestos is responsible This is somewhat modified either by previous treatment of water or by the associated quartz but there is nothing sugative sugative of silicotic nodular fibrosis If the hydrous calcium silicate has any part in the picture such part is not recognizable Whether manufacture or use of this product would ever reduce particle size to the extent that we have done is outside of the province of this study If it cold cold a potential hazard would be created How- ever study of the two sargles submitted submitted suggests that most of the asbestos fibre is either very long or is composed of unopened bundles of fibre neither one of which is readily inhalable M. Larcy U. Cardner M. 5. Director Buranic Laboratory 000304 May 31 1944 Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio To Saranac Laboratory Dr. Complete Study of Samples of Hydrous Calcium Silicate 250.00 LeroUy. Gardner M. D. Director Saranac Laboratory PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 000303 COMP GLA ASS N COMPY ANY Se ee GENERAL OFFICES - TOLEDO OHIO <> . November 21 1944 Dr. Leroy U. Gardner The Saranac Laboratory for Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake New York the Dear Dr. Gardner Mr. Eirth and I enjoyed very much our discussion with you at Pittsburgh and we will assume that you will proceed with whatever investigations are necessary to establish the degree to which the material we are manufacturing at Berlin New Jersey constitutes a hazard either to employees engaged in the manufacture of it or to others in the use or installation of it Regarding the latter phase we assume that it will be necessary for us to make certain tests while the material is being sawed or otherwise handled during application and we will appreciate any instructions or suggestions you may give us as to the extent to which investigations should be made by us Very truly Yours s/? U.E.Bowes U.E.Bowes Director of Research : PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 00029 Duraglas CONTAINERS MKMETAL MANUFACTURER of GLASS METAL AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS Libbey Safedge MKMETALCONTAINERS . TUMBLERS + INSULUX GLASS BLOCK COMP GLA ASS N COMPY ANY GENERAL OFFICES- TOLEDO OHIO <> November 21 1944 . Dr. Leroy U. Gardner The Saranac Laboratory for Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake New York the Dear Dr. Gardner Mr. Eirth and I enjoyed very much our discussion with you at Pittsburgh and we will assume that you will proceed with whatever investigations are necessary to establish the degree to which the material we are manufacturing at Berlin New Jersey constitutes a hazard either to employees engaged in the manufacture of it or to others in the use or installation of it Regarding the latter phase we assume that it will be necessary for us to make certain tests while the material is being sawed or otherwise handled during appli- cation and we will appreciate any instructions or suggestions you may give us as to should be made by us the extent to which . investigations Very truly ours U.E.Bowes U.E.Bowes Director of Research : PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 00029 Duraglas CONTAINERS MANUFACTURER 01 GLASS METAL AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS T TCHEREMETAL T TCHEREMETAL CONTAINERS Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS INSULUX GLASS BLOCK November 27 1944 Dr. U. E. Bowes - Illinois Glass Toledo Ohio Company Dear Dr. Bowes It was a pleasure to have had the Lo problem with you and Mr. Hirth in opportunity to discuss and am keenly interested in Pittsburgh the other day of any hazards which might your proposals be associated for further investigation material with exposure to dust of this relative the of may in and relative To summarize our discussion I opinion such an investigation should include may state that in my an inspection of maansutfudayctoufritnhgeprboecheasvsieosr oaft L tho e ndeuwstplant in Berlin New Jersey 2 such features features in atmospheric suspension including settle the relative humidhui mit diy ty pendency to flopculate and dust etc. proportions of fibres daily and particles air floated animals to high exposure concentrations of of a large number of experimental first whether it can be inhaled dust of this material to determine and second whether it will into the lungs in significant quantities produce serious pathological reaction On investigation of our be in a position to start such a situation here I believe we will time we hope to have the study about January 1 1945. By that available For the necessary moment number of guinea pigs and white rats our supply is very limited soon Our engineer will plan to visit I as his schedule will permit and I also Berlin New Jersey as am in the vicinity which should shall expect to do so when to collect several hundred not be too far distant We will want of uniform composition for pounds of dust in order to insure material gest dust from the collectorthe entire experiment Probably as for the purpose unless it system in your factory would be you sug- should be grossly contaminated with soatthiesrfadctuosrty we experiment with it to discover how cloud in our experimental readily it will produce a dust ten pounds of collector dusrtoom I would suggest that you send us about for preliminary investigation : We should 50 white rats and contemplate exposing at least 150 period of one or the duration of perhaps 10 two years rabbits 8 hours daily 6 days The nature of the results guinea pigs a week over a the experiment If the would determine or minimal it will be necessary to one year results are negative continue the exposure for at least PLAINTIFF'S 000295 a Dr. U. E. Bowes -2- November 27 1944 another year in order to make slowly penetrate and certain that this material does tissue reactions accumulate As in within the lungs to cause previous experiments this test not chronic sacrifice of groups of exposed animals at will involve posure gross microscopic and chemical intervals during the ex- analyses of their tissues cover in the In view of the fact that there mixture I believe that 50 of the may be some uncombined silica of undusted controls should be infected guinea pigs with a like number tion whether there is any alteration ofwith tubercle bacilli to dis- susceptibility to such infec- susceptibility LUG RH co to Mr. A. C. Hirth Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director . . 00029 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY Offices - TOLEDO OHIO : GENERA~ <> December 1944 Dr. Leroy U. Gardner Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Gardner We have your letter of November 27th outlining the investigation you suggest in connection with the dust as originating at our Berlin New Jersey Plant You may consider this authorizaautihoornization proceed with the prograams outlined _ When the time comes for either you or your engineer to visit the you please notify Mr. plant David at Berlin New Jersey Innes who is in charge will of that plant and will give any information desired and secure any samples desired Very yours U. 5. Bowes js js Director of Research CC + Mr. A. C. Wirth Mr. David Innes - Berlin PLAINTIFF'S. : | 000294 Duraglas CONTAINERS MANUFACTURER OF GIASS METAL AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS <- 'METAL CONTAINERS - Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS INSULUX GLASS BLOCK December 28 1944 Mr. David Innes Illinois Glass Jers NeweJey rse- y- Company Dear Mr. Innes Our Industrial Hygiene Engineer Mr. Thomas M. Durkan will go to Philadelphia this week and will call you for an appointment on Tuesday January 2nd to inspect the plant and lay out a program to serve as a basis for our proposed experimental work with Lo that it arrange may for I trust that be possible for his visit as Mr. you to Bowes suggests meet him and Sincerely yours Leroy U. Gardner H. D. Director LUG RH ocs to Mr. Mr. Bowes and Hirth PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT \ Kirstein Kirstein 000298 Mr. David Innis Illinois Glass Berlin New Jersey Company Dear Mr. Innis Our inhalation experiment with Lo 18 and everything is progressing satisfactorily well under way finest fraction of which you We have decided to use the about one hundred pounds sample If we could have for at sienntthu es ia mmediate future this would carry us along least a year It would probably take another two or perhaps three hundred pounde to complete the experiment may I trust that you be able to supply it without interruption shortly so that the work may progress Very truly yours LUG RH co to Mr. Hirth Leroy U. Gardner M. D. Director PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES - TOLEDO 1 OHIO OFFICES April 18 1946 a, RAE Sey _ . Dr. Leroy U. Gardner Director Saranac Laboratory for the Study of Tuberculosis Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Gardner hygienic which we Have you any further information on the aspects of the hydrous calcium silicate furnished you sometime ago It is my recollection that at our discussion in Pittsburgh about a year ago you were to continue such tests and experimentation as occurred to you to be needed Nery ^' truly Save U.E.Bowes U.E.Bowes j Director of Research cc - Mr. A. C. Hirth PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein | 8-23-99 8-23-99 8-23-99 Kirstein 20 8-23-99 00028 MANUFACTURER of INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas PLASTIC PRODUCTS CONTAINERS CLOSURES Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS THE SARANAC LABORATORY OF THE EDWARD L. TRUDEAU FOUNDATION SARANAC LAKE N.Y. LEROY U. GARDNER M.D. DIRECTOR May 5 1946 Memorandum to Mr. Manfred Bowditch From L. R. Blinn Re Illinois Glass Company Experiment No. 1012 - Lo on It appears the contract that the above company as set forth in Dr. Gardner's has overlooked Gardner's E. Bowes Director of Research under from which I quote The cost of this experiment will engineer be 5,000 to a year plus the necessary travel expenses of our plant inspection Should you desire undertake it I would suggest that payment be made quarterly quarterly to the Saranac Laboratory etc. On December 8 1944 advised You may consider this letter as authorization proceed with the program as out- lined The experiment was started An interim report was sent by Dr. another report is due now upon receipt approximately February 15 1945 Gardner on May 13 1946 and receipt of which the company will consider renewal for one f two years Mr. Dayton was not apprised of the agreement in 1944 therefore quarterly sent In statements getting to remind the company of payments due were material together for Dr. Vorwald during his not recent visit and checking the status of this account it was dis- us covered that Illinois was discussed with owes 10,000 for 1945 and 1946 This and he requested Mr. Delahant to fur- connection nish in connection with the experiment s that he might certain data review the material and write a letter which he will send to us for final copy on our stationery recommending continuation of ex- another year and reminding Illinois of the above oversight \ Mr. Delahant has supplied the necessary information and I have forwarded it Dr. Vorwald Y June 26 1946 You will recall , we have a contract read films approximate- ly 500 per year for this company at 2.50 per man We read considerably more than that amount in 1946 for which this company paid us 2645.76 including transportation of films In December building fund 1945 Illinois contributed 1,000 to our I believe the above will give you a complete picture of this account CC A. J. Vorwald M.D. Mr. Roy Dayton PLAINTIFF'S SUMMARY OF ANIMAL INHALATION EXPERIMENTS ON Lo May 13 1946 The experiment was started fifteen months ago exposing 100 guinea pigs eight hours daily six days a week to atmos- pheric concentrations of Lo varying from 100 to 125 million particles per cubic foot of air Acute bacterial pneumonias began to develop after three weeks with such heavy mortality that it seemed unwise to make any replacements by introducing new animals to contract the infection At first it appeared that perhaps the dust might be responsible for the pneumonia as the dust which coated the walls of the rooms apparently produced a surface in- pervious to water and condension of moisture was excessive However this hypothesis is apparently not valid for in an adjoining room housing animals from the same stock but ex- posed to diatomaceous earth the incidence incidence of pneumonia was even higher We are therefore forced to conclude that many apparently healthy animals taken from our breeding rooms at the time must have harbored latent infections of the lungs Six months after starting the experiment twenty new normal guinea pigs twenty guinee pigs infected with at- temuated tubercle bacilli and forty white rats were intro- duced into the dust room and again acute pneumonias developed the guinea pigs but not in the rats The immunity of the latter suggests that the guinea pigs died from the lighting up PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT -2- -2- -2ANIMAL INHALATION EXPERIMENTS ON Lo May 15 1946 of latent infections which were then transmitted from one pig to another . By April of this year 40 of the first 100 pigs 25 of the second group of 25 normal pigs and 20 of the 25 tubercu- lous animals had died of pneumonia There have been no deaths deaths during the past month and we have just decided to replenish the stook by breeding the apparently resistant survivors To intro- duce new stock from outside sources would only invite disaster In spite of this unfortunate occurrence there have been periodic sacrifices of animals not infected with pneumonia to follow the course of the dust reaction and associated infection The dust is inhaled in appreciable amounts although not enough has yet accumulated 12 months to influence the weight of lung ash appreciably Analysis of the ash however demonstrates its presence The average values at twelve months for the three major constituents are as follows 5102 ------ -- --- 10.5 2.9 Mgo --- 3.1 In guinea pigs tissue reaction after fourteen months of ex- posure is still too slight to be visible except on microscopic examination Such reaction consists of localized collections of large dust cells packed with particles of Lo The walls of the air spaces about them show a limited amount of chronic inflamma- tion and it is not anticipated that fibrosis will subsequently develop Reaction in the lymph nodes draining the lungs is mini- mal In white rats tissue changes are similar At the present 000266 000266 ~ 3- ANIMAL INHALATION EXPERIMENTS ON Lo May 15 1946 time there is nothing to suggest that reaction comparable to asbestosis or silicosis will ultimately develop Associated tuberculous infection has not yet been altered enough to be appreciated grossly The last two animals sacrificed eight months after infection suggest that there may be some slight tendency for the tubercles to spread The outcome can only be evaluated as their disease progresses We still have twenty infected guinea pigs now exposed to dust for fifteen months fourteen more pigs and thirty white rats exposed for almost nine months and fifteen pigs infested with tubercle bacilli and exposed to dust for nine months These together with the anticipated offspring from the breeding animals now in the dust room should be suf- ficient for a satisfactory completion of the experiment It is my feeling that the exposures should be continued for at least another year since there is now some question about the effect upon associated tuberculous infection and we should also be able to affirm with confidence that this dust is not capable of producing fibrosis or other significant reaction in the lungs December 24 1946 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Bill . One of my present chores is to bring together into a single focus a great many things that were beautifully coordinated in Roy Gardner's head but were not known in detall to others here One of these is the situation rela- tive to the animal experimentation on Lo which we have been carrying on for your company This was brought to a head when one of our men told me this morning that we had only a ten days supply of Lo dust on hand his under- standing being that the animal work was to continue for some ; time The most recent correspondence on this subject which I can find in the files is a letter written by Roy on May 13 last to Mr. U. E. Bowes in which he says that he believes we should continue these observations for at least another year so that we may say with assurance that Lo is or is not harmless There is no indication of a reply to this letter so I imagine that the subject was discussed by telephone or verbally at some meeting Another of our men tells me that he was told some time this ago that form and your that company is no longer producing Lo in there is therefore no point in continu- ing the animal work with it I of course do not know whether Roy had in mind keeping our about 25 alive for a time present batch of exposed animals and then sacrificing them to see whether there has fection been a . further spread of tuberculous in- In order that we may know your company attitude on this investigation I would greatly appreciate your setting me straight on the above so that whatever steps are proper may be taken . Core PLAINTIFF'S Since I am writing writing you it is perhaps worthwhile PLAINTIFF'S to ask whether anything further has transpired with regard PPLLAAIINNTTIIFFF''SS to the situation at your Pacific plant about which PLAINTIF 'S you wrote to Roy on August 21 and he replied on the 23rd PLAINTIFF'S This sounds like a subject for a most interesting minor PLAINTIFF'S experiment PLAINTIFF'S tig 000284 000284 Industrial Relations Div Illinois Glass Co. Toledo 1 Ohio I understand that you and Dr. Shook are coming here in January I am looking forward with no little pleasure to seeing you again and to getting to know Best Wishes for the New Year Sincerely AD ce Dr. Packard Manfred Bowditch Pield Director AR Gustin box Lo found in alter full Sur 1946 ~N te, 000285 that You will a case that Who Who was was was was 1 spoken by got major a con Dunia Dunia Dunia to be It mond appice appice that it probably probably att ins Three of had quite varying varying varying varying varying 114 114 pression pression a4 f f insigenou oi hag f this insigenou insigenou insigenou insigenou 10 10 18/28 SAA 3 hs a 00283 00283 PLAINTIFF'S ahs sg27, + This a Cable- on pe : is TelegrT^>melegr^>mor Cableunless de ete WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERNWESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN (f . WESTERN WESTERN * < WESTERN WESTERN -- we WESTERN WESTERN WESTERN 4 WESTERN WESTERN | WESTERN ve JOSEPH L. EGAN : PRESIPDREESNIDTENT 7 - ee : . The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD TIME at point of origin Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at of point destination LONG SY95 DL PD= TOLEDO OHIO 3511P _ MANFRED BOWDITCH -1 1947 3 PM 8 00 THE SARANAC SARANAC LABORATORY SR 4 ee tt RELET DECEMBER 24 WOULD APPRECIATE YOUR CONTINUING KAYLO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS MN PRESENT BASIS DR SHOOK AND I WOULD LIKE VISIT SARANAC WEEK OF FEBRUARY 3 TO DISCUSS FUTURE SHIPPED PROGRAM PROGRAM ADDITIONAL KAYLO BEING YOU IMMEDIATELY FROM OUR BERLIN NEW JERSEY PLANT KAYLO IS STILL BEING PRODUCEDL ORIGINAL IN SAME FROM AS MATERIAL MATERIAL USED AT BEGINNING OF YOUR EXPERIMENTS EXPRIMENTS EXPERIMENT|S | a w3G HAZARD OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS CO- 7 so . END ARD oix mhabs 1/4 END mhabs . ELG do ELG NO suffly . | | rc 413a phone No Moneo by 413a re ne : by MED 24 3 MN SHOOK NTO PC PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNIN ITGS SERVICE January 4 1947 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company # 1012 Exp Dear Bill I have received your day letter asking that our animal experiments with Lo continue that you and Dr. Shook would like to come here the week of February 5 and that a further supply of Lo is being sent to us from your Berlin N. J. plant The work with Lo is continuing and I find that there is no urgent need of an additional supply of the material being sent us on a rush basis since a a small additional lot has just been located tucked away in a corner I am sor torhay ve aleryt oueud n- necessarily in this regard I have checked with Dr. Packard and we will be delighted to see you and Dr. Shook here at the time that you mention Please let us know when your travel plans are matured so that there will be no conflict with other engagements If you so wish I would be glad to arrange your hotel accommodations for you Sincerely yours HB Hanfred Bowditch Field Director -- -- ------,------,--,, ------,----,--,, Sp.1012 Sp.1012 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO @ January 8 1947 Mr. Manfred Bowditch Field Director The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Manfred Thank you for your recent letter If you and Dr. Packard expect to be relatively free on Wednesday February 5 Dr. Shook and I would like to visit Saranac and review with you some of our dust problems We would arrive on the morning train February 5 and leave the evening of the 7 same day If this for any reason is not a convenient date don't hesitate to let us know and suggest another one because our plans are flexible Sincerely yours ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY W.G.Hazard W.G.Hazard Industrial Relations Division PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 28 000280 000280 INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS CLOSURES Libbey Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS January 10 1947 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Bill I have yours of January 9. Wednesday February will be entirely convenient to Dr. Packard and to me but I am sorry that you and Dr. Shook plan to be here for only the day The Adirondacks at this time of year have much to commend them and it seems too bad that you cannot combine a day's business with at least . a day's pleasure and sight seeing A couple of our friends from Monsanto Chemical Company who are coming here presently are doing just that and wish If you decide to take my sage advice a room for the night let me know Sincerely yours MB AD Manfred Bowditch Field Director cc Dr. E. N. Packard . PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 000279 000279 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO i January 27 1947 Mr. Manfred Bowditch Field Director . The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Manfred Thank you for your and I expect to be in Saranac letter of January 10 Dr. Shook Lake February5 as planned nevertheless We appreciate your suggestiontoto osftfaeyr aotverthiansd teimnejoyof some of the recreation that Saranac has While it looks to me as though this would be a golden year I'm afraid it's going to be necessary for both of us to leave Wednesday night Packard We are looking forward to seeing you and Dr. Sincerely yours ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY . W.G.HazarMd Industrial Relations Division PLAINTIFF'S INSULUX GLASS BLOCK PLASTIC Duraglas CONTAINERS PRODUCTS CLOSURES Libbry Libbry Safedge TUMBLERS January 30 1947 Mr. F. C. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Onio Division Company Dear Bill Thank am sorry that for a while you you for and your letter of January 27. I Dr. Shook cannot stay around A dinner and meeting of the Osler Club one of our two local medical societies and a really stimulating group is scheduled for the evening of February 5. I look forward to the pleasure of having you and Dr. Shook as my guests at the dinner The meeting will be over in plenty of time for you to catch your train Sincerely yours AD Manfred Bowditch Field Director PLAINTIFF'S 000277 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES - TOLEDO 1. OHIO @ February 6 1947 PLAINTIF'S 32 PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIF 'S Kirstein EXHIB TPLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIF'S Kirstein PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S Mr. Manfred Bowditch Field The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Manfred Dr. Shook and I have just got back to the office after our trip to Saranac Lake We both want to thank you for your courtesy in showing us around yesterday and in planning a full and interesting visit Personally I feel as though I had been exposed to much wisdom and sage counsel I just hope I can retain a reasonable amount It was a pleasure to meet the members of your staff and your colleagues We are hoping for the best when we get your report on the results of the Kaylo experiments in the next few months which time we can discuss the future of this program Perhaps in can what your report you recommend additional work you feel should be done : a As mentioned earlier a statement for the review of the Patsy Perrella case here to rather than to the Fairmont plant as would be done for the routine reading of plant rays Thank you especially for your hospitality and for making it possible to attend the meeting of at which I for one learned many new things not only medicine but the North country last evening the Osler Club-- about pioneering With personal regards to you and Mrs. Bowditch Sincerely yours ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY Bill W.G.Hazard Industrial Relations Division INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS CLOSURES 00027 Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS , Tot E. N. Packard M. D. From Manfred Bowditch SUBJECT ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY February 8 1947 1012 Exc 1012 . The purpose of this memorandum is to get into the files a record of the visit here last Wednesday of Dr. Cha Shoor k anl d Mre . Ws . G. Hazard of the Illin Glaso s Ci omps any Toledo These men came here principally . to look into our dusting experiments with their product Kaylo They also wished discuss the Perralla case ~ The present status of the Kaylo work was very fully outlined to them by Mr. Delahant and it was understood that when we are ready to make a fur- ther report in about two months consideration will be given to continuation of the dusting for one or perhaps two additional years Both men expressed themselves as quite ready to recommend this to the company if it appeared at all desirable . . The Perrella films have been returned interpretation has been received the further awaited to Toledo comments by . Dr. Dr. Pascucci's Wright are In addition to the above subjects I took occasion to question Mr.Hazard with regard to some work by the laboratory on dusts from the sand plant at Pacific Grove California which had been sugg by e hims lat st se umd mer He said that there had been delay in this due to lack of dust sampling equipment at the plant but that we would hear further on this as soon as they could send us dust samples I quote the following from a letter received today from Mr. Hasard Ir Shook and I have just got back to the office after our trip to Saranac Laks We both want to thank you for your courtesiyn showing us around yesterday and in planning a full and interesting visit Personally I feel as though I had been exposed to much wis- dom and sage counsel I just hope I can retain a reasonable amount . We are hoping for the best when we get your report on the results of the Kaylo experiments in the next few months which time we can discuss the future of this program Perhaps in your report you can recommend what additional work you feel should be done . As mentioned earlier a statement for the review of the plant Patsy Ferrella case here to rather than to the Fairmont as would be done for the routine reading of plant rays It is obvious from this last paragraph that they are prepared to pay a higher fee in connection with the Perrella case than our routine 2.50 charge PLAINTIFF'S Memorandum tos However all concerned here seem to agree that the goodwill handling this as a routine matter make itit well worthwhile MBIAD ce Secahant Secahant Sikan February 10 1947 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Bill 1012 Exp 1012 Thank you for yours of the 6th He enjoyed your visit enormously and are counting on your return with Dr.Shook next summer : ^ more on Kaylo should can undoubtedly time definite and I hope not unfavorable report be ready for you in a couple of months and we make recommendations as to further work at that I note your request with regard to a statement on the review of the Patsy Perrella case Though this was obviously given far mare of our time and attention than is usual we pre- . fer to handle it as a routine interpretation and make only the customary 2.50 charge Under these circumstances should the bill go to Toledo or to Fairmont . We will Pacific Grove men them hope to receive some dust samples from the they get the equipment necessary to collect . Sincerely yours HB Manfred Bowditch Field Director PLAINTIFF'S May 5 1947 Captain Arthur J. Vorwald 2514 Que Street N.K. Apartment 210 Washington 7 D. C. MC USNR Dear Dr. Vorwald Re Illinois Glass Company Experiment 1012 - Lo . Attached you will find the information you requested from Hr Delahant with regard to the above experiment I also enclosing a copy of Dr. Gardner's summary of May 15 1946 referred to in Mr. Delahant's memorandum and a copy of my note to Mr. Bowditch I believe you now have the whole story and we now await the suggested form of letter to be sent to this company Sincerely yours . Encs PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 000271 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY TOLEDO 1 OHIO Experiment 1012 Lo Inhalation 1. What has been done a Dust alone .2 yrs 2 1/2 mos - Guinea Pigs b Dust and Rl simultaneously - 18 mos - Guinea Pigs C. Rats - dust only - 18 mos 2 What is going on now survivors a Dust alone - Guinea Pigs 15 after 26 1/2 mos 12 survivors after 20 + mos b Rl reactivations - Started January 29 1947 - no sacri- ficing as yet 3 What study has been done on present material - what remains 14 a Report by Dr. Gardner May 15 1946 1. Microscopic - dust alone - includes mos 11. Rl and dust - 8 mos - microscopic Gross reported verbally by A.B.D. to Dr. Shook and Mr. Hazard during their visit to the Laboratory - February 5 1947 111. Dr. Gardner suggested experiment run another year b Bring microscopic studies date 1. Dust alone - Guinea Pigs - at least to 2 yrs 11. Rl and dust - to 18 mos iii Dust alone - Rats - to 18 mos 4. Suggestions for future investigation - contemplated length of time a Continue to conclusion Hl reactivation b Add group of Guinea Pigs - 6 mos dust then Rl inhalation and continue in dust with appropriate number of controls especially ince dust plus infection appears to be of . paramount importance c If started immediately should be concluded in 15 to 18 , mos COMMENT Brief introductory study of material by Dr. Vorwald on recent visit suggests that final report may be somewhat more favorable 1947 than the results intimated by A.B.D. on February February 5 A. B. Delahant : 000272 5-5-47 THE SARANAC LABORATORY OF THE EDWARD L. TRUDEAU FOUNDATION Saranac Lake N.Y. LEROY U. GARDNER M.D. DIRECTOR Memorandum to Mr. Manfred Bowditch From L. R. Blinn May 5 1947 Re Illinois Glass Company Experiment No. 1012 - Lo It appears that the above company has overlooked payments on the contract as set forth in Dr. Gardner's letter to Mr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research under date of November 27 1944 from which I quote The cost of this experiment will be 5,000 a year plus the necessary travel expenses of our engineer for plant inspection Should you desire to undertake it I would suggest that payment be made quarterly to the Saranac Laboratory etc. On December 8 1944 Mr. Bowes advised You may consider this letter as authorization to proceed with the program as outlined The experiment was started approximately February 15 1945 An interim report was sent by Dr. Gardner on May 13 1946 and another report is due now upon receipt of which the company will consider renewal for one to two years Mr. Dayton was not apprised of the agreement in 1944 therefore quarterly statements to remind the company of payments due were not sent recent In getting material together for visit and checking the status Dr. Vorwald during his this account it was dis- covered that Illinois owes us 10,000 for 1945 and 1946. This was discussed with Dr. Vorwald and he requested Mr. Delahant to fur- nish certain data in connection review the material and write a with the experiment so that he might letter which he will send to us for final copy on our stationery recommending continuation of ex- periment for another year and reminding Illinois of the above oversight Mr. Delahant has supplied the necessary information and I have forwarded it to Dr. Vorwald contract 26.1946 26.1946 You will recall we have a to read films approximate- ly 500 per year for this company at 2.50 per man We read con- siderably more than that amount in 1946 us 2645.76 including transportation of for which films this company paid In December building fund 1945 Illinois contributed 1,000 to our I believe account the above will . give you a complete picture of this CC A. J. Vorwald Mr. Roy Dayton M.D. PLAINTIFF'S August 26 1947 Memorandum to Mr. Bowditch From Roy Duyton Re Illinois Glass Company Reviewing some of our outstanding contracts find that my records do not show any payment on account of the large research agreement between Illinois Glass Company and the Saranac Laboratory As I understood the company was to pay us 5000.00 in 1945 situation the 5000.00 in 1946 and would probably renew the agreement for another one or two years aepending on reports submitted on progress of the work You will remember that no one except Dr. Gardner knew of this and it did not come to light until some weeks after arrangement his death I believe you were to have interviewed some of the men and submit this memorandum for such action you Illinois may think best AD * CC Dr. Packard Packard 00 Dr. Vorwald PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 000260 MEMORANDUN To Mr. Roy Dayton - August 27 1947 Replying to your two memoranda of August 26th relative to the above subjects Dr. Vorwald tells me that he is writing to the Mercy General Hospital and that he feels that any letter to the IllinoGilasss Comp musa t anway it _ the report which is due them from us ae Kaylo , Oct. 10 1947 Memo to Dr. A. J. Vorwald From A. B. Delahant In a conversation with Mr. William Hazard Glass Co. during the recent Symposium the of the IllinoisQwens. following data came to lilig ght ht 1. The Illinois Glass Co. has progress of the Kaylo experiments being Laboratory since last February 1947 received no report of conducted the by The Saranac 2. Mr. lazard was pleased to learn that this experimental investigation is continuing 3. It is his belief that his company is willing to continue support of this work to its final conclusion 4. The company would appreciate suggestions along what lines _ this further program of investigation necessary should follow if any be 5. Upon introduction of the subject by Mr. Hazard the status of the financial support of this project was briefly discussed He claimed that little information on this subject was available in the company files and suggested that a clarification of the fin- ancial arrangements be made by The Saranac Laboratory to the Owens- Illinois Glass Co. Factors Factors which might be of interest regarding a future program Since tuberculous infection plus dust inhal ation appears to be of prime importance in these studies and since our results have not been entirely conclusive it might be developed thus 1. Repeat of the El plus dust simultaneously 2. Repeat of F1 Reactivation 3. Introduce series which would superimpose tuberculous infection by inhalation on tissue already exposed to various periods of dust 4. Explore the biological activity of hydrous calcium silicate Particle size might present some difficulties - in which case it might be possible to turn to the intratracheal injections PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein . October 30 1947 OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY TOLEDO OHIO Interim Report on Animal Inhalation Experiments with KAYLO SUMMARY The first inhalation experiment with this dust was begun in February 1945. Due to a high incidence of fatal pneumonia another similar experiment was started in August 1945. Both of these experiments were designed to test the effect of the dust alone by inhalation in guinea pigs In August 1945 also an experiment was begun to test the effect of inhaled dust on tuberculous infection in guinea pigs In October 1945 a group of white rats was placed in the dust room in order to study the effect of Kaylo inhalation in this species " It may be said here that there is no evidence to that the dust alone when inhaled into the suggest fibrosis in rats in an 18 month lung produces pulmonary 30 month period period or in guinea pigs in a The results of the experiment in which dust exposure and tuberculosis were combined are inconclusive and further work should be done before a definite statement can be made as to the possible effect of the dust on tuberculous in- fection All these experiments are virtually comploted although several animals in the original groups are being kept alive for more prolonged exposure INVESTIGATIONS A. Petrographic and ray diffraction analyses of the dust supplied and used Analyses were carried out initially and periodically during the course of the The composite of such experiment analyses reveals the following Samples from the supply carton PLAINTIFF'S 000244 PLAINTIFF'S Quartz < approximately PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIFF'S Chrysotile and Serpentine 15 - 20 PLAINTIF 'S largely fibrous The fibers and PLAINTIF 'S bundles present are usually several 0 24 000244 PLAINTIFF'S millimeters long and seldom are less than 300 Calcite % Page 2 Owens Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO Balance consisted of like masses which gave a definite ray diffrac- tion pattern not unlike a hydrous calcium silicate Samples collected from the atmosphere the chamber . Quartz 15 Chrysotile and Serpentine . 10 - 15 less fibrous material than in sample above many fibers are shorter than 20 ... Calcite Balance consisted of like masses which gave a definite ray diffrac- tion pattern not unlike a hydrous calcium silicate The analyses reveal several points of interest The low quarts content 15 indicates that the amount of crystalline free silica in the dust is practically negligible as a possible cause of silicosis Although diatomaceous earth is one of the materials from which KAYLO is made only a trace probably much less than 1 is unaltered and appears in the final product in its original form Nearly all has been changed by the manufacturing process into another chemical compound calcium sili- cate Most of the material consisted of clay- like masses which gave a definite ray pattern similar to that of a hydrous calcium About 10 to 15 of the atmospheric dust in the experimental dust room was chrysotile or serpentine Both of these minerals produce the same ray pattern From petrographic examination of the original material it appears that chrysotile which is a fibrous mineral is present in much greater amounts than the nonfibrous serpontine In the atmospheric dust also the fibers still predominate over the nonfibrous serpentins 000245 Page 5 Illinois Glass Company ' October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO In the original material the fibers were present in bundles often several several millimeters long not many were shorter than 500 The fibrous portion of the atmospheric sample however consisted mostly of shorter bundles and of fibers relatively few in number which were generally about 10 to 40 in length B. Techniques of Investigation Two species of animals were introduced into the dust chamber assigned to this in- vestigation They included guinea pigs and white rats animals which the Saranac Labora- tory has used routinely in its studies apropos | pneumoconiosis Appropriate quantities of the original material supplied by the company were introduced into the dust generator of the cham- ber and pilot runs were made to ascertain the character and concentration of the borne dust produced concentration Having established the desired the animals were then introduced and throughout the course of the investigation dust counts were taken periodically The average concentration of the borne material was 122 million particles per cubic foot of air This figure varied somewhat from month to month ranging from a lower limit of 99 million to an upper of 122 million particles This range is not unique for this material but has been observed also with most agents which we have employed It results no doubt from day to day variations in atmospheric conditions which cannot be precisely controlled with our present methods Nevertheless we have elected to continue with such methods believing that to do otherwise would introduce factors uncommon to actual industrial exposure The results of the experiments will be presented under the following headings I. II III IV KAYLO inhalation alone in guinea pigs KAYLO inhalation alone in white rats KAYLO inhalation and simultaneous tuberculosis infection in guinea pigs Conclusions 000246 Page 4 Illinois Glass Company - October 50 1947 . Interim Report - KAYLO I. KAYLO inhalaat loi neoinn guinea pigs The course of this experiment through the first fourteen months was discussed in a summary written by Doctor Gardner in May 1946. In this report he described the difficulty encountered with acute pneumonia in the guinea pigs and concluded that it was an accidental epidemic His conclusion is supported by the fact that subsequently only four animals have died of pneumonia This occurred however only after all apparently sick guinea pigs were disposed of the apparently well pigs isolated the dust room thoroughly cleaned aired and disinfected and all the cages sterilized A third and new series of guinea pigs were intro- duced after control of the epidemic described Throughout course of the study all animals were exposed continuously the chamber cloud for eight hours a day five and half the to days a week Thus far a total of thirty pigs have been killed in order to follow the course of the pulmonary reaction resulting from the deposition of inhaled dust in the lung The period elected for study ranged from two to thirty months Over this period no definite gross changes occurred in the lungs The tracheobronchial lymph nodes have enlarged slightly but re- mained soft Microscopic study of the lungs reveal gradually increasing inactive numbers of containing morophages These dust calls are found characteristically in clumps within groups of adjacent air spaces The intervening alveolar walls are only slightly thickened by accumulated lymphocytes but there is no undue proliferation of tissue histiocytes and connective tissue Fibrosis is not present Occasional multi- mucleated giant cells are seen In addition there are a very few elongated segmented brown structure which take an iron stain and are clearly asbestosis bodies Microscopic study of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes reveals clusters of inactive dust cells similar to those demonstrated by the lung There is no apparent over development of connective tissue and again fi- brosis is conspicuous by its absence Results of the chemical analyses of the exposed pigs sacrificed at the corded in the following table carried various out on the lungs periods are re- TABLE I. - 000247 Illinois Page5 Owens Class Company 30 Octobe 19r 47 Interim Report - KAYLO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GUINEA PIG LUNGS NO 22 22 83 38 29 68 88 88 92 Time Aah BR 8102 Hatter 2 mo ee 4.42 4.94 0.24 447 ae Beoa 4.42 .19 6 20 mo ee 4.13 3.74 3.74 4.59 *** 88e 4.34 .31 % 2 88 % 88 4.58 4.81 , 46 .51 4.86 4.99 4.83 4.90 .86 .64 8.12 5.23 5.23 5.02 5.02 4.71 .66 81.08 Ash ha .16 20 .19 14 5.57 4.06 4.87 4.42 5.83 5.36 5.36 6.84 6.84 5.56 10.18 8.14 10.80 10.85 10.85 12.27 12.27 17.65 17.65 12.54 12.54 10.50 12.70 12.70 12.52 12.52 1.59 1.59 1.62 1.99 1.89 2.00 2.00 2.19 1.77 2.43 4.30 3.02 4.65 1.60 5.51 6.56 6.56 2.03 1.45 1.20 1.20 1.72 1.85 1.23 1.90 1.89 2.00 2.68 2.75 2.43 2.43 3.04 3.04 8.20 2.80 3.17 1.85 2.06 3.68 2.90 2.54 2.92 TABIEI 000248 Page 6 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO In view of the observations recorded above certain pertinent comments appear to be warranted The microscopic studies of the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes make it obvious that dust was suspended in the atmosphere of the chamber and that portions of that dust were inhaled and gained access into the lungs of the animals exposed This is further substantiated by the chemical analyses of the lungs which show a gradually increasing amount of the various mineral components of the dust used in direct proportion to the exposure times In the case of 102 for example the pigs sacrificed after ten months exposure revealed a two to threefold increase The MgO and Cat content also increased but the increments are inconsistent and less manifest The silica component of the mineral dust is of such low concentration that a significant pulmonary reaction would hardly be expected in consequence of its presence in the lung This proved to be the case even in those animals exposed for a period of twenty months and revealing an average total of 12.61 810g of the lung ash The character of the tissue response at thirty months is comparable and it is anticipated that the Sig content will not be appreciably different Undoubtedly some of the dust cells constituting the mild cellular reaction observed may be in consequence of the serpen- tine components of the dust deposited in the lung This however cannot be verified since serpentine is a relatively benign dust and fails to produce reaction other than mere dust laden macro- phages This interpretation is in accord with Doctor Gardner's observation that the silicate serpentine is a biologically inert substance producing at bast a mild reaction consisting of small widely scattered local collections of dust laden phagocytes and an occasional giant cell without other collular reaction and without fibrosis . The presence of a rare curious body asbestosis oody indicates that some of the borne fibrous component of the chrysotile gained access to the lung However the absence of cellular reaction or fibrosis about the terminal bronchioles would indicate that the inhaled quantity of such fibers was of extremely low . intensity and insufficient to produce permanent damage This view is supported by the petrographic and ray diffraction studies which disclosed that a major amount of the chrysotile component of the dust consisted of structures too large for dispersion into the breathing atmosphare and for easy access into the lung pigs . In consequence of the experimental studies with guinea to determine the biological activity of EAYLO it may be tentatively con- - oluded that KAYLO alone fails to produce significant pulmonary damage , when inhaled into the lung + 000245 Page 7 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report KAYLO II KAYLO inhalation alone in white rats This species was used because the rat is known to develop fibrosis from quarts inhalation more rapidly than other animals Porty rats were used in this experiment and as indicated by Doctor Gardner in his report in May 1946 no difficulty with early development of pneumonia was experienced In fact during the first thirteen months of the experiment no spontaneous deaths occurred From thirteen to eighteen months about 40 of the animals died with terminal bronchiolitis and lobular pneumonia This is of no significance however because it is well known that laboratory rats beyond the age of one year are subject to this type of lesion The results of exposure to KAYLO were followed by killing four rats at each of the following periods six nine twelve fifteen and eighteen months The duration of the experiment was eighteen months and all animals have been killed The reaction the dust throughout the experiment has consisted of focal collections in the pulmonary alveoli of macrophages containing particles and spicules of dust As the duration of exposure increased the only observed change was an increase in the number of such foci Similar dust tissue reaction filled macrophages were seen in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes In no animal was there any of the sort seen in silicosis or asbestosis Chemical analyses of the lungs of these rats show that the S10g reached the average level of 16.6 of the lung ash within nine months and subsequently diminished This is difficult to explain since in the same period the percentage of 10g in guinea pigs lungs exposed simultaneously see Table I was increasing The table of these results follows TABLE II 000250 Page 8 111inois Glass COMPETY October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO KAYLO INHALATION SILICA DETERMINATIONS OF LUNG TISSUE IN RATS ONLY Animal No. Group 100 Ash in Dry Tissue 100 in Dry Tissue 102 in 102 2 1012-202 IV 4.8 1012-201 IV 4.6 0.668 0.735 14.0 16.1 Duration of Exposure 6 months 6 months 1012-205 IV 4.6 1012-206 IV 3.8 0.86 0.528 18.3 13.9 9 months 9 months 1012-209 IV 1018-210 IV 4.2 4.1 0.55 0.655 13.2 15.0 12 months 12 months 1012-215 IV 4.2 0.443 . 10.8 15 months 1032-225 IV 3.1 1012-234 IV 3.9 0.43 0.44 13.7 11.3 18 months 18 months TABLE II 000251 Illinois Illinois Glass Company Interim Report - KAYLO commenting experimental In Part II of the investigation using white rats as the experimental animals reference is made to the comments recorded under Part I which apply III KAYLO inhalation and simultaneous simultaneous tuberculous infection in guinea . This experiment was carried out by the use of only one of the three methods which have been found valuable in determining the effect of dust on the course of tuberculosis In this case the animals were infected with tubercle bacilli by inhalation and im- mediately placed in the dust room Thus we are testing the effect of the early accumulation of dust on the early course of tuberculosis The other two methods available consist in exposing the animals to either the dust or the infection alone for overal months subsequently exposing them to the on then study the effect of accumulated dust healing healing tuberculosis or the effect of dust on other agent He may the early course of tuberculous lesions In the experiment which has been completed twenty animals were used Of these five died within ten months of the pneumonia which has been a problem throughout all the experiments with this killed because dust Pour others were they were in poor condition and it was hoped to cut down the incidence of pneumonia by removing them from the room These four also showed some evidence of pneumonia of the remaining sixteen animals eleven were killed in order to follow the course of the infection One was killed at one month and two were killed at six nine twulra fifteen and eighteen months Two died at fourteen months apparently from tuberculosis these will be discussed further below died one at thirteen and one at seventeen months of progressive Two animals undetermined causes but not from tuberculosis of the animals killed to follow the course of the infection the lesions were isolated encapsulated and regressing in all except one of the two killed at fifteen months In this animal lesions were widespread throughout the lung but were associated with the production of fibrosis indicating a tendency to heal The interpretation of the results of this experiment is complicated by the accessory factor that some of the animals were used for breeding during the experiment This was done in an attempt to develop a strain of animals resistant to the infection which was producing the frequent pneumonias A review of the records shows that each of the two animals which died of progressing tuberculous infection had been used as breeders In addition the animal which was killed at fifteen months and showed widespread lesions had also been used for breeding 00025 Page 10 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO Four other animals used for breeding during the same period did not show the extensive disease seen the animals just described ing the Thus it seems hazardous to attempt to attribute the spread- of the tuberculous infection entirely either to the effect of dust or to that of breeding . IV Conclusions 1. It seems clear from the results presented in parts I and II above that KAYLO acts as an inert dust when inhaled by guinea pigs and rats that is it is phagocytized by macrophages but does not injure them or produce fibrosis or anything suggestive of either silicosis sbestosis This indicates that the dust will probably be harmless on inhalation in moderate amounts over prolonged periods by normal human beings 2. The results observed in the experiment concerning the influence of the dust on tuberculous infection are oquivo- cal Although it is our feeling that this dust exerts little or no adverse influence on tuberculosis the possibility that it played a part in spreading the infection cannot be excluded 3. . In view of this possibility further studies concerning this aspect of the problem should be carried out It is imperative that the original experiment with infection and simultaneous dust exposure be repeated in its entirety One . further study with a small series of guinea pigs is now in progress It is designed to reveal the influence of the dust on partially healed tuberculosis However it is now felt that this experiment should be carried out on a larger scale by increasing the number of animals Should this expanded investigation be pursued it might identified as follows B. Repeat experiment to determine the biological activity of KAYLO when inhaled into the . lung harboring a tuberculous infection which otherwise would regress and heal viz Does KAYLO stimulate the disease b Repeat expariment to determine the biological activity of KAYLO when inhaled into the lung harboring a regressing or quiescent tuberculous focus viz Does KAYLO re- activate a focus of infection C. Introduce a new experiment to determine the biological activity of KAYLO inhaled into the lung upon infection viz Does KAYLO predispotshee lung to tuberculous infection 000253 000253 000253 . Page 11 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO 4. In addition it appeara important to explore the biological activity of hydrous calcium silicate either by inhalation or at least pilot by injection methods should it be impossible to generate a sufficient cloud of atmospheric dust because of the character of the material Co 5. These recommended investigations can be carried out simultaneously and completed in a period of eighteen months to two years It is anticipated that these studies would remove the doubt raised by the results of the original experiments herein reported and would enable us to conclude finally that KAYLO is inert not only in regard to the production of pulmonary injury b;ut also in relation to associated tuberculosis AJV LB www NP ee 12-3-47 12-3-47 Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Poundation 000254 PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT EXHIBIT EXHIBIT EXHIBIT PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S October 51 1947 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Mr. Hazard Enclosed herewith you will find an interim report summarizing the experimental investigations thich we have pursued apropos the biological activity of KAYLO I realize that it is long overdue but feel sure that you appreciate the difficulties which have confronted us I am happy and pleased that these experiments progressed without undue difficulty In addition I derive a rather high degree of personal satisfaction in the accomplishments of my staff It is primarily they who made this report possible Your attention is invited to the conclusions of the report where I hiavne trietdo express assurance that KAYLO alone is biologically inactive Yet my conservatiam dictates caution lest the assurance might be too optimistic because of inconolusive experimental evidence apropos the influence of KAYLO upon tuberculosis In consequence of that evidence we have identified certain investigations which should be pursued They are itemized in paragraphs three and four of the conclusions I believe they should be undertaken and strongly urge that you authorize us to proceed In any event please inform us of your wishes as soon as possible so that we might effect some continuity in our studies concerning KAYLO During your recent visit to Saranac Lake the status of the financial support this project was briefly discussed You may recall that our investigations were initiated in accordance with the contract as set forth in Doctor Gardner's letter to 1944 , Bowes Director of Research under date of November 27 to : The cost of this experiment will be 5,000 a year plus the necessary travel expenses of our engineer for plant inspection Should you desire to undertake it I would suggest that payment be made quarterly to the Saranac Laboratory etc. . - 000242 Page2 Mr. W. G. Hazard Illinois IllinoGislass Company . October 1947 On December 8 1944 Mr. Bowes advised You may consider this letter as authorization to proceed with the program as outlined In consequence of the above the experiments were approximately on February 15 1945 and are continuing representing a total period of two years eight months days started to date and fifteen - Since the death of Doctor Gardner and as his successor I have been obliged to review all existing contracts In doing 80 it was disclosed that the Saranac Laboratory has not received any remuneration from the Illinois Glass Company for its project Our analysis of the current financial status reveals an arrears of a considerable sum which is straining our limited budgetary reserve Heretofore I have hesitated bringing this matter to | atte atention anttteintoionn believing it first necessary to submit a report of our work to date Please know identified in the find that our trust that you will Mr. Hazard that your views regarding our efforts report would be greatly appreciated Should you analysis of the financial status is in error we so inform us with every good wish Sincerely yours Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation AJV LB Enc . CC Mr. U. E. Bowes Director of Research ' 000243 THE SARANAC LABORATORY OF THE EDWARD L. TRUDEAU FOUNDATION SARANAC LAKE N.Y. ARTHUR J. VORWALD M.D. DIRECTOR October 30 1947 OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY TOLEDO OHIO Interim Report on Animal Inhalation Experiments with KAYLO SUMMARY The first inhalation experiment begun in February 1945. fatal pneumonia another similar Due to a high incidence of experiment was started in August 1945. Both of these by the effect of the dust alone inhalation inhalation in guinea pigs In August 1945 also an experiment of inhaled dust on tuberculous wwas as begun to test the effect infection in guinea pigs In October in order 1945 a group of white to study the effect rats Kaylo was placed in the dust room Inhalation in this species It may be said here that the dust alone that inhaled there is no evidence to suggest into the lung produces pulmonary fibrosis in rats in period or in guinea pigs in a The 30 month period the experiment in which dust exposure and tuberculosis are inconclusive and further work should done before a definite statement can be made as the possible effect of the dust on tuberculous in- fection All these experiments are virtually completed although animals the original groups are being kept alive for INVESTIGATIONS A. Petrographic and ray diffraction analyses of the dust and supplied and used Analyses were carried out initially periodically during the course of the experiment The composite of such analyses reveals the following Samples from the supply carton Quartz % approximately Chrysotile and Serpentine 15 - 20 largely fibrous The fibers and bundles present are usually several millimeters long and seldom are less than 300 Calcite % 000255 Page 2 Owens Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report = KAYLO Balance consisted of clay masses which gave a definite ray diffrac- tion pattern not unlike a hydrous calcium silicate Samples of collected from the the chamber atmosphere Quartz 15 Chrysotile and Serpentine 10 - 15 less fibrous material than in sample above many fibers are shorter than 20 p Calcite 10 Balance consisted of clay which gave a definite ray masses diffrac- tion pattern not unlike a hydrous , calcium silicate The analyses reveal several points of interest The low quartz content % indicates that the amount of crystalline free silica in the dust is practically negligible as & - possible cause of silicosis Although diatomaceous earth is one of the materials from which KAYLO is made only a trace probably much less than % is unaltered and appears in the final product in its original form Nearly all has been changed by the manufacturing process into another chemical compound calcium sili- . cato Most of the material consisted of clay- like masses which gave a definite ray pattern similar to that of a hydrous calcium silicate About 10 to 15 of the atmospheric dust in the experimental dust room was chrysotile or serpentine Both of these minerals produce the same ray pattern From petrographic examination of the original material it appears that chrysotile which is a fibrous mineral is present in much greater amounts than the nonfibrous serpentine In the atmospheric dust also the fibers still predominate over the non- fibrous serpentine . 000256 Page 3 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO In the original material the fibers were present in bundles often several millimeters long not many were shorter than 300 The fibrous portion of the atmospheric sample however consisted mostly of shorter bundles - and of fibers relatively few in number which were generally about 10 to 40 ...in length B. Techniques of Investigation to Two species of animals were introduced into the dust chamber assigned this investigation They included guinea pigs and white rats animals which the Saranac Labora- tory has used routinely in its studies apropos pneumoconiosis Appropriate quantities of the original material supplied by the company were introduced into the dust generator of the cham- ber and pilot runs were made to ascertain the character and concentration of the borne dust produced concentration Having established the desired the animals were then introduced and throughout the course of the investigation dust counts were taken periodically The average concentration of the borne was material 122 million particles per cubic foot of air This figure varied somewhat from month to month ranging from a lower limit of 99 million to an upper of 122 million particles This range is not unique for this material but has been observed also with most agents which we have employed It results no doubt from day to day variations in atmospheric conditions which cannot be precisely controlled with our present methods Nevertheless we have elected to continue with such methods believing that to do otherwise would introduce factors uncommon to actual industrial exposure The results of the experiments will be presented under the following headings I. II III IV KAYLO inhalation alone in guinea pigs KAYLO inhalation alone in white rats KAYLO inhalation and simultaneous tuberculosis infection in guinea pigs Conclusions 00025 ; Page 4 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO I. KAYLO inhalation alone in guinea pigs The course of this experiment through the first fourteen months was discussed in a summary written by Doctor Gardner in May 1946. In this report he described the difficulty encountered with acute pneumonia in the guinea pigs and concluded that it was an accidental epidemic His conclusion is supported by the fact that subsequently only four animals have died of pneumonia This occurred however only after all apparently sick guinea pigs were disposed of the apparently well pigs isolated the dust room thoroughly cleaned aired and disinfected and all the cages sterilized A third and new series of guinea pigs were introduced after control of the epidemic described Throughout the course of the study all animals were exposed continuously to the chamber cloud for eight hours a day five and half days a week Thus far a total of thirty pigs have been killed in order to follow the course of the pulmonary reaction resulting from the deposition of inhaled dust in the lung The period elected for study ranged from two to thirty months Over this period no definite gross changes occurred in the lungs The tracheobronchial lymph nodes have enlarged slightly but remained soft Microscopic study of the lungs reveal gradually increasing numbers of containing macrophages These inactive dust cella are found characteristically in clumps within groups of adjacent air spaces The intervening alveolar walls are only slightly thickened by accumulated lymphocytes but there is no undue proliferation of tissue histiocytes and connective tissue Fibrosis is not present Occasional multi- nucleated giant cells are seen In addition there are a very few elongated segmented brown structure which take an iron stain and are clearly asbestosis bodies Microscopic study of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes reveals clusters of inactive dust cells similar to those demonstrated by the lung There is no apparent over development of connective tissue and again fi- brosis is conspicuous by its absence Results of the chemical analyses of the exposed pigs sacrificed at the corded in the following table carried various out on the lungs periods are re- TABLE I. 000250 Page5 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GUINEA PIG LUNGS Animal Number Time Exp Dry Matter 18h 6102 % ~ CaO 6 2 mo 4.94 .20 .08 .06 4.06 1.62 1.25 21 4 mo 4.47 .22 .09 .09 4.87 1.99 1.99 22 6 mo 4.13 .25 .08 .08 5.83 2.00 2.00 24 12 mo 66 mo 105 21 mo 49 50 50 24 mo 24 mo , 4.86 .53 4.83 .59 5.12 ..64 5.02 5.02 4.71 . .66 .60 22 .26 .11 .06 .08 14 10.80 4.65 2.80 12.27 1.83 .19 12.54 12.54 2.05 3.68 .15 .14 12.70 12.52 12.52 1.20 1.72 2.54 2.92 TABLE I 000255 Page 6 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO recorded above certain pertinent In view of the observations The microscopic studies of the comments appear to be warranted make it obvious that dust tracheobronchial lymph nodes and that portions chamber lungs and of the was suspended in the atmosphere into the lungs of the of that dust were inhaled and gained access substantiated by the chemical This is further increasing amount of animals exposed which show a gradually analyses of the lungs dust used in direct propor- the various mineral componentsInofthtehecase of S10g for example the tion to the exposure times revealed a two to three- pigs sacrificed after ten months exposure content also increased but the fold increase The MgO and CaO manifest increments are inconsistent and less of the mineral dust is of such low The silica component reaction would hardly concentration that a significant pulmonary in the lung This be expected in consequence of its presence animals exposed for a period proved to be the case even in those total of 12.61 months and revealing an average at tissue response of twenty of the lung ash The character of the it is anticipated that 810g comparable and the S102 thirty months is different content will not be appreciably of the dust cells constituting the mild Undoubtedly some reaction observe mady be in consequence of the serpen- cellular deposited in the lung This however tine components of the dust is a relatively benign dust cannot be verified since serpenottihneer than mere dust laden macro- and fails to produce reaction in accord with Doctor Gardner's phages This interpretation is is a biologically inert that the silicate serpentine consisting of small observation substance producing at best a mild reaction scattered local collections of dust laden phagocytes widely cell without other cellular reaction and an occasional giant and without fibrosis of a rare curious body asbestosis body indi- The presence of the borne fibrous component of the chryso- cates that some the absence of cellular tile gained access to the lung However about the terminal bronchioles would indicate low reaction or fibrosis of such fibers was of extremely that the inhaled quantity view and insufficient to produce permanent damage This intensity and ray diffraction studies is supported by the petrographic amount of the chrysotile component which disclosed that a major of the dust consisted of structures too large for dispersion into the breathing atmosphere and for easy access into the lung of the experimental studies with guinea piga In consequence the biological activity of KAYLO it may be tentatively con- to determine significant pulmonary damage cluded that KAYLO alone fails to produce when inhaled into the lung 000260 Pago 7 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO II KAYLO inhalation alone in white rats This species was used because the rat is known to develop fibrosis from quartz inhalation more rapidly than other animals Forty rats were used in this experiment and as indicated by Doctor Gardner in his report in May 1946 no difficulty with early development of pneumonia was experienced In fact during the first thirteen months of the experiment no spontaneous deaths occurred From thirteen to eighteen months about 40 of the animals died with terminal bronchiolitis and lobular pneumonia This is of no significance however because it is well known that laboratory rats beyond the age of one year are subject to this type of lesion The results of exposure to KAYLO were followed by killing four rats at each of the following periods six nine twelve fifteen and eighteen months The duration of the experiment was eighteen months and all animals have been killed The reaction the dust throughout the experiment has consisted of focal collections in the pulmonary alveoli of macrophages containing particles and spicules of dust As the duration of exposure increased the only observed change was an increase in the number of such foci Similar dust filled macrophages were seen in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes In no animal was there any reaction of the sort seen in silicosis or asbestosis Chemical analyses of the lungs of these rats show that the 8102 reached the average level of 16.6 of the lung ash within nine months and subsequently diminished This is difficult to explain since in the same period the percentage of S102 in guinea pigs lungs exposed simultaneously see Table I was increasing The table of these results follows TABLE II 000261 Page 8 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO KAYLO INHALATION OF LUNG TISSUE IN RATS ONLY SILICA DETERMINATIONS Animal Ho 1012-202 1012-201 1012-205 1012-206 1012-209 1012-210 . 1012-215 1012-223 Group Ash in Dry Tissue 4 10g in Dry Tissue | % IV 4.8 IV 4.6 0.668 0.735 IV 4.6 IV 3.8 0.86 0.528 IV 4.2 IV 4.4 0.55 0.655 IV 4.2 0.443 IV 4.2 0.562 8102 in Ash ~ 14.0 16.1 18.3 13.9 13.2 15.0 10.5 13.3 Duration of Exposure 6 months 6 months 9 months 9 months 12 months 12 months 15 months 15 months 1012-225 IV 1012-234 IV 3.1 3.9 0.43 | 0.44 13.7 11.3 18 months 18 months TABLE II 00026 Page 9 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO In commenting upon Part II of the investigation using rats as the experimental animals reference is made to the recorded under Part I which apply white comments III KAYLO inhalation and in guinea pigs simultaneous tuberculous ; infection This experiment was carried out by the use of only one of the three methods which have been found valuable in determining the effect of dust on the course of tuberculosis In this case the animals were infected with tubercle bacilli by inhalation and immediately placed in the dust room Thus we are testing the effect of the early accumulation of dust on the early course of tuberculosis The other two methods available consist in exposing the animals to either the dust or the infection alone for's overal months subsequently exposing them to the other agent We may then study the effect of accumulated dust the early course of tuberculosis or the effect of dust on healing tuberculous lesions In the experiment which has been completed twenty animals were used Of these five died within ten months of the pneumonia which has been a problem throughout all the experiments with this dust Four others ware killed because they were in poor condition and it was hoped to cut down the incidence of pneumonia by removing them from the room These four also showed some evidence of pneumonia Of the remaining sixteen animals eleven were killed in order to follow the course of the infection One was killed at one month and two were killed at six nine twelve fifteen and eighteen months Two died at fourteen months apparently from progressive tuberculosis these will be discussed further below Two animals died one at thirteen and one at seventeen months of undetermined causes but not from tuberculosis of the animals killed to follow the course of the infection the lesions were isolated encapsulated and regressing in all except one of the two killed at fifteen months In this animal lesions were widespread throughout the lung but were associated with the production of fibrosis indicatinga tendency to heal The interpretation of the results of this experiment is complicated by the accessory factor that some of the animals were used for breeding during the experiment This was done in an attempt to develop a strain of animals resistant to the infection which was producing the frequent pneumonias A review of the records shows that each of the two animals which died of progressing tuberculous infection had been used as breeders In addition the animal which was killed at fifteen months and showed widespread lesions had also been used for breeding 000263 Page 10 Illinois Glass Company October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAYLO animals used for breeding during the same period did Four other the animals just described not show the extensive disease seen it seems hazardous to attempt to attribute the spreading - ofThtuhse tuberculous infection entirely either to the effect of the dust or to that of breeding IV Conclusions . It seems clear from the results presented in parts I and 1. inert dust when inhaled II above that KAYLO acts as by guinea pigs and rats that is it is phagocytized by macro- but does not injure them or produce fibrosis or anything phages of either silicosis or sbestosis This indicates that suggestive be harmless on inhalation in moderate amounts the dust will probably . over prolonged periods by normal human beings 2. The results observed in the experiment concerning the influence of the dust on tuberculous infection are equivo- cal Although it is our feeling that this dust exerts little or no adverse influence on tuberculosis the possibility that it played a part in spreading the infection cannot be excluded a 3. In view of this possibility further studies concerning this aspect of the problem should be carried out It is imperative that the original experiment with infection and simultaneous dust exposure be repeated in its entirety One further study with small series of guinea pigs is now in progress It is designed to reveal the influence of the dust on partially healed tuberculosis However it is now felt that this experiment should be carried out on a larger scale by increasing the number of animals Should this expanded investigation be pursued it might identified as follows 2 Repeat experiment to determine the biological activity of KAYLO when inhaled into the lung harboring a tuberculous infection which otherwise would regress and heal viz Does KAYLO stimulate the disease b Repeat experiment to determine the biological activity of KAYLO when inhaled into the lung harboring a regressing or quiescent tuberculous focus viz Does KAYLO re- activate a focus of infection C. Introduce a new experiment to determine the biological activity of KAYLO inhaled into the lung upon infection viz Does KAYLO predispose the lung to tuberculous infec- tion 000264 Page 11 Illinois Glass Company ' October 30 1947 Interim Report - KAY 4. In addition it appears important to explore the biological activity of hydrous calcium silicate either by inhalation or at least pilot by injection methods should it be impossible to generate a sufficient cloud of atmospheric dust because of the character of the -- . These recommended investigations can be carried out simultaneously and completed in a period of eighteen months to two years It is anticipated that these studies would remove the doubt raised by the results of the original experiments herein reported and would enable us to conclude finally that KAYLO is inert not only in regard to the production of pulmonary injury but also in relation associated tuberculosis AJV Cater lowes Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation 000265 urquey # 2 . Report 1 - Progress - Final que . possuber possuber possuber pos uber 2- 2- Possibly Possibly Report additional additional instigation instigation instigation People 3. 3. have far --,---- not contributed toward their react y very + Bill Bill Hozard freed major fol freed -- : -- 000266 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO > November 4 1947 Arthur J. Vorwald M. D. Director of Research Edward L. Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald Thank you for your letter of October 31 Report on Animal Inhalation Experiments with October 30. We have passed the extra copies Mr. Bowes and the Interim Kaylo dated of these on to The report is very impressive - as well as We appreciate the fine quality of work that has the animal experimentation gratifying gone into In the next day or two we expect to discuss the report and future activities with Mr. Bowes Undoubtedly the experiments should be continued along lines mentioned in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the conclusions - however we will write you further about this as well as about the financial arrangements With personal regards Sincerely yours ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY < 4. Industrial Relations Division PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein EXHIBIT W. G. Hazard CC- Mr. U. E. Bowes - Kaylo Division 000241 INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS CLOSURES Libbey Safeage TUMBLERS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO <)> November , 1947 The Saranac Laboratooryf The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York Attention of Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Gentlemen Mr. Hazard has referred to me your letter and ; report of October 31st . We are very surprised to learn that this work has gone on for this period of time without payments being made to you When Dr. Gardner proposed a basis and suggested quarterly payments we assumed that you would submit invoices quarterly Usual accounting and disbursement practices necessitate an invoice At the time of our discussion with him at Pitts- burgh in the fall of 1944 the initial experiments had already been conducted indicating that the material per se probably would involve no hazard by itself but it was deemed advisable to carry it on for an additional period to have the evidence on a broader base We believe that you should have kept us informed of the progress of this and the extent of the work under way The scope for the year 1945 was explained to us in advance by Dr. Gardner What is the extent of the work conducted in 1946 and thus far in 1947 Nov 1944 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 44 U.E.Bowes jg Manager of Division ; 000235 INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS CLOSURES Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS November 11 1947 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Mr. Hazard In Doctor Vorwald's wish me to thank you for November 4 absence I know he would your very kind letter of . Doctor Vorwald is embarrassed at his delay in getting out the reports to the various companies but his schedule has been such a heavy one that there aren't enough hours in the day to do all he would like He appreciates no end your patience and will be pleased I know to read your letter on his return on Friday November 14 Sincerely yours Mrs. Lillian R. Blinn Executive Secretary to - Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research . The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation November 11 1947 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Company Dear Mr. Bowes Your letter Doctor Vorwald's attention on his November 14 of November 4 has been received in absence and will be brought to his return to the Laboratory on Friday In answer to the last paragraph of your letter with regard to the extent of the work conducted in 1946 and thus far in 1947 we would refer you to Doctor Gardner's letter to you and report of May 13 1946 and to the recent interim report of Doctor Vorwald dated October 30 1947. Doctor Gardner outlined in his communication the progress of the experiment from its beginning February 1945 to May 1946 and mentioned that it should be continued for least another year to determine whether or not Kaylo is harmless The recent report of Doctor Vorwald reviewed the findings up to October 1947 and suggested further studies with this material particularly in regard to its effect upon tuberculous infection If the above does not cover sure Doctor Vorwald will be glad further on his return your question to go into the I am matter We realize of course that our accounting department should have submitted quarterly invoices to you but apparently there was some slip somewhere and they were not apprised of the terms of the a reement We deeply regret this oversight This only came to light on Doctor Vorwald's arrival on July 1 when in order to orient himself and realize his obligations he reviewed all existing contracts Doctor Vorwald is extremely sorry that his heavy schedule his prevented him from discharging his responsibilities more promptly PLAINTIFF'S Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Company November 11 1947 If you have any other questions and you will write to Doctor Vorwald I know he will make every effort to answer them Sincerely yours Mrs. Lillian R. Blinn Executive Secretary to - Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation 000236 November 28 1947 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Co. Dear Mr. Bowes On my return to the laboratory I find your letter of November 4 and the reply thereto which was formulated by my secretary I am sure that you appreciate the difficulties experienced by all us in consequence of the sudden and untimedelatyh of Doctor Gardner There is no doubt in my mind that he contemplated writing you concerning our investigation in the interest of your company Unfortunately the financial status of that investigation was called to my attention only after my arrival here some few months ago It has been no easy task to accomplish all of the obligations and commitments assumed by Doctor Gardner The long interval between his death and the appointment of his successor was productive of many serious oversights They related primarily to administasrpeactts iravtheer than the scien andtsi cif enti ifc ic expe ther expi erimm entse conn tinut ed ss atisfactorily in accordance with the design which Doctor Gardner inaugurated before his death The administrative function had experienced however con- siderable degeneration Such experience is certainly not unique especially where it involves a most active organisation such as Doctor Gardner had developed In consequence the financial reserve of the organization was in rather precarious condition I hesitated presenting the facts to you realizing that your financial support for the investigations approved origibn y ya oulwal s y in arrears dus perhaps to oversight on your part or to a mutual misunderstanding between parties of the original contract It seemed best that I present the facts clearly in an effort to strengthen our financial status as quickly as possible The precarious state in which I found it was due in large measure to failure on our part in recovering for expenses involved in experimental work accomplished Believe me Hr Bowas I appreciate your degree of surprise which my letter of October 31 to Ir Hazard occasioned However my surprise on learning the facts was no less severe I should be pleased to hear from you Mr. Bowes especiasatl o l yoy ur wishes concerning our continuation of the investigations as outlined in the ; conclusion of the interim report PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Sincerely yours 000236 Arthur J. Vorwald M. D. Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY e GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO 00 December 1 1947 e Dr. VorJw . Va orl wad ld Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald Replying to your letter of November 28th The most unsatisfactory phase of the question to me was to agree upon a program and a rate for it per year and then have it continue along without reasonably regular progress reports and with no invoices to bring the matter to our attention We have no way of knowing whether the activity over the entire period was comparable with that of the initial period or not What is your interpretation of the amount now due you up to the beginning of the present quarter truly yours U.E.Bowejsg - Mr. W. G. Hazard AB Manager of Division PLAINTIFF'S 000235 INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS CLOSURES Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS Re- Ryly to Mr. Bowes letter 12/1/47 The cost oerxperiments includes a greatvariety of of activities might be listed asfollows of % Price animals and care eee! _ HoonotingHistological work work includingincludingmaterials labor . a andChemical analyses of dustanimal analyses tissues there were were chemical more cuvinals Thanatpresent there animals are smaller numbers appiate virtually hence expense overall and the In crew this part andaccordance with The of present contractoriginally agreedupon the total cos to tt he -beginning quarter is as followed 00023 ! : ^' _ Feb 194- F5ef 1946 1946 1947 Feb. 1947 - Pob 1947 5,000.00 5,000.5,000.00 5000.00 3,750.00 oversight which was clearly the course the fat that formal formal report was issued between May1946 and the present oneHoweverwe there __Dr. Gardner write oonnee before diedinOct. 1942 and thatfromthem thispresent there wasnoone _ competent avalyzed anmdade formal report work ek Aadzard from Bowditch indicatedindicatedin letter Mr Aadzard Aadzard Mr. _ anDec1946andatvisit tothislaborlataorby oratory byHazzard and Dr Shook on 7sb 5 1947.000236 understand - delay issuance of formal report and report would like to make it clear that theprofessional staff is now adeguats adeguats enable us to make progress as indicated Ao ee 000234 os wer eg December 12 1947 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Co. Dear Mr. Bowest In response to your letter of December 1 and with reference to mine of November 28 and the interim report of October 30,1947 permit me to relay to you certain of our views with regard to the experiments which we have continued in the interest of your com- pany The cost of animal experiments which we have been pursuing during the past few years with respect to Kaylo includes a great variety of activities which might be listed as follows 1. Prios of animals 2 Housing feeding and care of animals Histological Histological work including materials and labor Chemical analyses of dust and animal tissues 5 Continued studies of atmospheric dust concentrations 6 Professional study and analysis of results Nay we assure you that these activities have continued constantly throughout the period of the investigation Although in the early stages of the experiment there were many more animals than at present there was less chemical and interpretational work to be done The tempo of activities identified under 3,4 and 6 above has been accelerated and at present is being maintained at a high level This is true irrespective of the fact that the number of animals involved under 1 and 2 above are in much smaller numbers Thus you will understand that although the field of greatest activity may vary from time to time the overall effort and expense remains relatively constant In view of this fast and in accordance with originally agreed upon the total cost up to the present quarter is as follows the contract beginning of the PLAIENXTHIIFBFI'TS Kirstein So February 15,1945 to February 15,1946 February 1946 to February 15,1947 February 15,1947 to November 15,1947 $ 5,000 5,000 3.750.1 3.750.1 Total check 13,750 rid 000230 rid rid 1/86/48 1/86/418 /86/48 by mu my indication for Doctor Gardner to died October 1945 and that from that time to the present every been made to formulate an interim report In conse- eqfufeonrtcehatshe latest report of the record of our investigation as of October 30,1947 was accomplished we Be assured that the work is continuing at the present time to establish the fact that Kaylo is biologically inert We are not certain however as to its influence upon a tuberculous process This is a very important phase of the investigation and is one in which believe your company is interested We would have deep sense of regret should you elect to discontinue the program Sincerely yours AIVIko ; 00 - Hr W.G.Hazard J. Arthur Vorwald H.Di Director of Research The Elvard L.Trudeau Foundation | 893 000231 Memo for Dr. Vorwald Re Illinois Glass Cos obligation of 5000 a year for research Experiment 1012 - Lo Agreement authorized by letter of Mr. Bowes dated December 8 1944 following correspondence with Dr. Gardner . Experiment started approximately February 15 1945 and has therefore been running for two years and half months as of December 31 1947 There is due the Saranac Laboratory therefore on basis of the 1944 agreement 2 full years at 5000.00 . . . . . 10,000.00 10 1/2 months at 5000.00 per yr 4,375.00 Total . 2 6 6 6 ' ' ' ' 14,375.00 In view of the fact that many industrial concerns wish to know the amount of outstanding obligations at the end of the calendar year which is also usually their fiscal year it might be well to send to Illinois Glass Company a statement containing the above figures so that the Company will have it in hand and we shall have placed it on the record before December 31 1947 Roy Dayton DEC 24 1947 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO sa December 25 1947 Mr. Manfred Bowditch Administrative Heed of Laboratories Trudeau Sanitarium Foundation Trudeau New York Dear Mr. Bowditch We appreciation wish to of your take this continued opportunity cooper tion of expressing our and assistance 1947 has been a most satisfactory year in so far es our Medical Service our success has where a helping program is concerned A large percentage of been traceable to organizations like yours hand has always been available Thanks Christmes May I extend the heartiest of and the finest of New Years Salutations to you and your staff Sincerely yours INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION C. F. ShoMo. k D. jb Medical Director PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 000228 INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS . CLOSURES Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO @ January , 1948 Dr. Arthur Vorwald Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York Director of Research Dear Dr. Vorwald We have been asked by a plant that makes a considerable number of the replacements in their fluorescent tube lamps whether there is any chance of harmful exposure to beryllium dust when the dead tubes are broken up They say that they let the worn lamps accumulate for several weeks and then break them all at once Considerable dust is generated Do you think any special precautions should be taken during this operation We have never seen this problem mentioned in any of the industrial hygiene journals However if there is anything to it we would like to circularize all our plants With kindest regards Sincerely yours W. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION W. G. Hazard PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein EXHIBIT INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas CONTAINERS PLASTIC PRODUCTS CLOSURES Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS January 19 1948 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Mr. Hazard Enclosed herewith is a copy of my letter to Mr. U. E.Bowes It makes manifest our deep appreciation for the reimbursement and indicates also our sincere regret for the oversight on our part in failing to notify the company concerning the fiscal methods relative to our investigations I want you to have however a more personal note expressing our gratitude for your most loyal confidence in our ability to pursue studies apropos Kaylo Without such confi- dence I am sure that the Illinois Glass Company would have denied us the privilege to be of service to them. They might have taken issue also with our fiscal analysis concerning reimbursement for the investigations by the Laboratory in behalf of the company . At the moment we are somewhat in a quandary concerning the recommendations for further study which were included in our interim report dated October 30 1947. Having had no word we cannot make plans for our operations during the current fiscal year The experiments under way at the present time in the dust house assigned to Kaylo will be completed finally in May of this year The investigations concerning the influence of Kaylo on tuberculosis will continue until July If the recommendations are approved by your company we should introduce them as soon as possible lest there be an undue gap in our program 00022 Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr.W.G.Hazard Illinois Glass Co. 2 January 1948 Perhaps Mr. Hazard you would elect to act again in our behalf and relay to us some information concerning conditions of our investigations concerning Kaylo Perhaps also you will accept our every good wish Sincerely yours AJV Enc Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation 00022 January 19 1948 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Co. Dear Mr. Bowes Please accept my sincere apology for failure to ac- knowledge receipt of your check for 13,750 We are indeed most grateful to you and your company for the reimbursement yet we are distinctly conscious of the embarrassment which it occasioned Our oversight in not having made representa- tion to your company long since is regretable I hope that it has not harmed our relationships which we cherish most In view of the above it appears advisable to record clearly certain aspects lest in failing to do so at this time we experience similar misunderstandings at some future date It is difficult for me to enter into these discussions without some degree of frankness which I trust you will understand is primarily a business license It is my interpretation that the check covers a period of two years and nine months that is from February 15 1945 to November 1947. Reference was made to this in my letter to you of December 12,1947 The experiments are continuing and will extend well into the current fiscal year The agree- ment currently in effect terminates on the 15th of February Thus from a financial standpoint it appears that a sum of 1,250 mighbte expected at that time Should your views Mr. Bowes be contrary to this interpretation please do not hesitate to advise me The interim report which we submitted on October 1947 included certain recommendations for continued studies in behalf of Illinois Glass Company We anticipate that the company wishes us to expand our investigations as identified in Part 4 Paragraph 3 of that report Thus far however we have had no word concerning your wishes and are at a loss to make plans for introducing them into our investigative studies In this regard we should also appreciate your advice PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein Kirstein 000224 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Co. -2- January 1948 AJV Mr.W.G.Hazard CC Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr.W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation 000225 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO @ January 28 1948 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald Thanks for your letter of January 19. Yesterday we discussed the future Kaylo program with Mr. Bowes I believe he's writing you about it I think he is going to authorize the Saranac Laboratory to go ahead with further studies as outlined in your report of October 30 1947 We hope to keep in close touch with you on the results of these experiments and appreciate the thought and skill that go into conducting them We are sure that at their conclusion the health aspects of Kaylo will have been authoritatively settled Sincerely yours W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION INSULUX GLASS BLOCK PLASTIC Duraglas PRODUCTS CONTAINERS CLOSURES Libbey Safedge tumbLERS FORM 64 AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY SUBSIDIARY OWENSILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES DATE 2/3/48 <> A.S.P.Co. REON NO ASE PURCHASE ORDER NUMBER . The Saranac Laboratory of the Edward L. Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York IMPORTANT SEND INVOICE IN TRIPLICATE 170 SHIP TO Mr. U. E. Bowes President American Structural Products AT - P. O. Box 1035 Toledo 1 Ohio Company _PURCHASING DEPT AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY SUBSIDIARY OF ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY VIA Toledo 1. Ohio YOU REPRESENT THAT THE GOODS PURCHASED HEREUNDER ARE FREE FROM PATENT INFRINGEMENT IMPORTANT Please mail Invoice and Bill of Lading as above instructed im- mediately after forwarding shipment OR Instruct your Shipping Department or your Shipping Point to mail immediately to Purchasing Department at Receiving Plant a shipping memorandum or postal notice which will bear reference to this order and show fully all information in regard to what has been shipped origin desunation routing and packing | Continue experiments on Inhalation by Animals as outlined on Pages 10 Report of October 30 1947 of Kaylo Dust and 11 of your Interim Work to continued until December 31 1948 unless result conclusive results should ~ before that time Invoice quarterly at the rate of 5,0050,0.000.000 5,000.00 per year d Sales Tax Exempt F.O.B. Saranac Lake Terms Net N.Y. Address all correspondence relative to this order to the pur- chasing department In making this purchase the validity of any patents is not recognized Order Number MUST be Shown On all Packages On all Invoices On all Correspondence / A.S.P.Co. DD U. E. Bowes 02-8811 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein | 8-28-98 000219 AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY SUBSIDIARY OF ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY PURCHASING DEPARTMENT Advise Approximate Shipping Date MANUFACTURE or ZL INSULUX GLASS BLOCK Duraglas PLASTIC PRODUCTS CONTAINERS CLOSURES Libbey Safedge TUMBLERS February 9 1948 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Department Company Dear Mr. Hazard Before leaving for Rochester to give a Gardner Memorial Lecture Doctor Vorwald asked me to answer your recent letter regarding the disposal of dead fluorescent tubes that one of the lamp manufacturers a bulletin concerning this matter and to say is preparing As soon as we receive our copy we will send one to you in In the meantime Doctor Vorwald suggests that you treat the dust created the breaking up of the tubes as hazardous material and that you be governed accordingly . You will no doubt hear further from Doctor Vorwald in this connection in the very near future Sincerely yours Mrs. Lillian R. Blinn Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research Foundation The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein Kirstein ; a AGRIPPA G. ROBERT M.D. Trudeau SANATORIUM DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY TRUDEAU N.Y. February 20 1948 --.Akme e ; Mr. William G. Hasard Industrial Relations Division Z \ Illinois Glass Company ~. andl Needless Vorwald has passed along to me a copy of your letter to Dr. him dated February 12. to say I am sorry that you have been inconvenience either by the invoices or by the delay in receiving reports on certain of your films to to the invoices we can easily list the names of Wtihtehvarreigoaursd individuals examined during each month and we shall be very glad to do so in the future One copy of much list will accompany the separate invoice sent to each plant and another will be attached the recapitulation of charges for all plents which I understand is forwarded to your office In this way there should appear a clear record of the charges rendered With regard to the delay in reports I can only apologize with the statement that our commitments have been extremely heavy during the past few months and that to date I have had no associate I hope that the latter situation will be shortly remedied but in any event we shall make a special effort to on the films belonging to your companies more render reports full well the inconveniences which may have promptly I realize be avoided arisen because of the delays and hope that these may in the future Bith warm personal regards and good wishes I remain Very sincerely yours AGR CC to Dr. Vorwald AGRIPPA G. BOBERT M. D. PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 000228 Kirstein Fill Fill March 5 1948 Er U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Chio Co. Dear Mr. Bowes We wish to thank you for your purchase order 170 dated February 5 1948 authorizing us to continue the in- 10 halation experiments with Kayloof dOucsttobaesr o3utl1i9n4e7d. oWnePpagaersti- and 11 of our interiamtrteepnotriton to the final paragraph of this cularly invite certain pertinent points having reference letter summarizing to the additional work identified below principallyKaylo on tuberculosis will continue until June The new experiments mentioned in that report are con- with the effect of inhaled Kaylo dust on perned pulmonary tuberculosis tuberculosis and we should like to review briefly carry out is mentioned pre- the studies we propose to the experiments with Kayle vailoounse wciolrlrebsepocnodmepnlceeted in Kay and those dealing with the . influence of However we begin the new series of experiments in- of normal animals becomes mediately o ir n a osrdseoronnea ts ta o sdueplpalyy the investigation Thus available per a i peo rid od of a few months both the original and the new experiments will be carried on simultaneously The new studies we plan to make are as follows a. To determine whether Kaylo stimmlates tuberculosis A group of normal guinea pigs will be infected by inhalation with the R strain of tubercle bacillus and then placed in the dust room At intervals of about 3 months a few animals will be sacrificed in order to study the development of the tuberou lous dise151. b PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT To determine whether Kayle reactivates a focus tuberculous tuberculous infection in s , 000215 the A group of guinea pigs after being infected with will be left in normal air until R organism find the They will disease process in the lung then be transferred to the has healed dust room Seo- 602 rificings will be made at regular intervals to find U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Co. . ofe March 3 1948 out whether exposure to Kaylo dust reactivates the bealed tuberculous disease To determine whether Kaylo predisposes the to ce : tuberculous infection Several groups of guinea pigs will be placed in the and allowed to inhale Kaylo dust After dust room will be infected by 2 months of exposure one group inhalation with the Ry organian after 4 months a second group and after 6 months a third group will sacrificings will reveal be infected Regular whether or not the background of dust exposure af- fects unfavorably the usual course of the tuberou- . lous infection investigate " d To the biological activity of hydrous calcium silicate silicate . It was our intention to investigate also the biolo- gical activity of the hydrous calcium silicate which is one of the components of Kaylo Such an investi- gation would be desirable if it is found that Kaylo has an unfavorable effect on tuberculeus infection because only a single component of the material might be responsible for that condition Thus far how- we have been unable to identify which of the ever calcium silicates is present in Kaylo If be inert should prove to then biological tests with hydrous calcium silicate would be unnec essary if Kaylo is not inert but affects unfav- orably tuberculous infection perhaps the experi- mental department of the Illinois Glass Com- pany sculd prepare a small quantity of hydrous calcium silicate for use in animal experiments . This need not be done if the experiments with Kaylo itself yield negative results the with Kaylo In your purchase order 170 which authorises us to carry on experiments it is stated that work is be be continued until December 51 1948 unless conclusive results are established before that time and that payments are to made quarterly at the rate of 5,000 per year Based upon our quite unlikely that the effect of Kaylo 31st of this year experience with other dusts it appears definite definite and final conclusions concerning on tuberculosis can be reached by December As indicated in the last paragraph of our interim report eighteen months to two years of investigation 000216 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Co. Se March 5 1948 and are ordinarily required for some dists especially those like Kaylo which appear to be realitvely inert an even longer period of study is often employed in order to rule out the possibility of a delayed or developing reaction We | realize that as a matter of administrative polley you may prefer not to make commitments beyond the current year but we do wish to point out that biological reactions to inhaled dust and to tubercle bacilli proceed very slowly and that final conclusions cannot saf be e basel d uy pon too pera i peo rid od of observation In the original proposal for the inhalation experiment with Kaylo as outlined by the late Dr. Gardner in his letter of Novembe2r7 1944 it was stated chta herchg are ge for the investigation would be 5,000 per year Since that time costs of experimental work as in all other fields of activity have increased considerably and a recent analysis by our accountant has revealed that the expense of conducting an inhalation experiment in one of our dust rooms including such items as price and care of animals professional study of tissue by histological chemical and other techniques and review of findings is at least 10,000 per year Consequently we feel justified in asking that the financial support of the additional experimental investigations with Kaylo be increased to 7,000 per year the new arrangement to take effect with the quarter beginning May 1 19484 experiments The current experiments being conducted under the con- tract initiated by Dr. Gardner in 1945 were to terminate on February 15 1948. However they are being extended to June 1st of this year to compensate somewhat for the delay occasioned by intercurrent pneumonia among the experimental ani- mals introduced into the initial experiments in February 1945. This delay was referred to in our recent interim report to you My letter of Jarmary 19th makes mention also of certain financial aspects pertaining to this work In conclusion Mr. Bowes permit me to summarize lest there be a misunderstanding which I wish to avoid in view of previous complications The 1945 agreement terminates officially 1948 but the work will be extended to June 1 the sum of 1,250 is still outstanding on February 15 1948 for which 1 000217 Hr G. E. Boves Illinois Glass Company _ tie wow March 8 1948 _ . The 1948 agreement approved by purchase order 170 dated February 5 1945 is for the annual rate of 5,000 established in 1944. It is based upon the proposal for additional investigations incorporated in our recent interim report submitted on October 30 1947 in which we failed to quote the budgetary requirements necessary for the addit- ional work outlined In view of increasing costs of all our investigations we invite financial support of 2,000 above that 1945 figure thus requesting a total of 7,000 annually for two years beginning the second quarter May 1 1948 and terminating May 1 1950 support We are very appreciative of the given our on- deavors in the past and trust you will allow us to continue the work approved but with the financial support identified herewith . With overy good wish to you Sincerely yours . AJV cct Kr b G. Hazard Director of Research The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY GENERAL TOL TOLE EDOD 1 OO HIO SUBSIDIARY OF ILLI- N ILO LII NOS IS GLASS COMPANY March 31 1948 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory of the Edward L. Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald There has been some unavoidable delay in my replying to your letter of March 3rd in which you askthat we extend 1948 our commitment for two years from May 1 of 7,000.00 per year at the rate Frankly my reason for confining the definite commit- ment to one year is my lack of confidence in the way this entire transaction has been handled We first submitted to your laboratories this problem on February 12 1943. By the end of our proposed extension of one year you will have had the assignment six years and will have been paid approximately 20,000.00 My original conversation with Dr. Gardner certainly did not give me any reason to expect that it was a seven job to evaluate this one material It seems to me that we might reasonably expect to have had in five years from the time we gave your laboratories this project some definite report that would be of value to After some hesitation it was my judgement to extend the assignment for one year and review its status at that time Please understand that I am not presuming to be competent to judge the ease or difficulty of work of this kind but we set out in February 1943 to determine the status of this material and the handliofnigt has been quite unsatisfactory U.E.Bowes - Mr. W. G. Hazard truly iy Very you President April 26 1948 Mr. U. E. Bowes President American Structural Products Toledo 1 Ohio . Company Dear Mr. Bowes I appreciate the frank comments in your letter of March 31 and sense considerable disappointment on your part concerning the manner in which our investigations were conducted and the results obtained It is my impression that this stems in large part from certain administrative and financial difficulties precipitated perhaps by mutual misunderstanding I am unable to identify a weakness in our scientific approach and must take exception to your view that reports of value to you have not been forthcoming It disturbs me greatly to have you entertain any degree of disappointment concerning our studies apropos the biological activity of an industrial dust Therefore I should like to present a summary of our efforts in your behalf and trust that it will influence you to change your views 1. February 2 1943 - Two samples of Hydrous Calcium Silicate Rotoclone Dust and Sander Dust - received from Illinois Glass Co. 2 May 31 1944 - Report submitted by the Saranac Laboratory identifying the investigations made and the results thereof 1 Rotoclone Dust .. ray diffraction studies studies b Petrographic studies C. Animal assays Page 2 Mr. U. E. Bowes April 26 1948 2 Sander Dust a ray diffraction studies b Petrographic studies c. Animal assays 3. June 17 1944 - Received a check for this service ..... .. . 250.00 Extended Studies 1 December 1944 - Authorized to proceed with investigations at 5,000 per year 2 February 1945 - Experiments started 3 May 13 1946 - First report submitted giving evidence that inhaled Kaylo fails to produce pulmonary fibrosis No evidence of effect on an assow ciated tuberculous infection 4 October 1946 - Death of Doctor Gardner 5 February 5 1947 - Visit by Mr. Hazard and Doctor Shook to determine status of investigations 6 October 30 1947 - Second report submit- ted Conclusions Kaylo acts as an inert dust when inhaled into the lung . Its influence on a tuberculous infection is equivocal 7 January 8 1948 - Received a check for 1 ee we we ew oes 13,750.00 to cover period of investigations from February 15 1945 to November 15 1947 1 in9c4 lu7sive refer my letter December 12 000212000212 000212 000212 The investigations to date show rather conclusively that Kaylo is an inert dust per se and incapable of pro- ducing a fibrosis on inhalation into the lung This in- formation is of definite value even though we cannot as yet give assurance that Kaylo fails to stimulate a tuberou- lous process in the lung I have every expectation that our current studies will enable a very definite opinion in that regard ! { ray '. i Page . Mr. U. E. Bowes April 26 1948 I agree that our investigations have taken a long time but the nature the studies dictates prolonged observations to make as certain as possible the potentialities of the dust when inhaled into the lungs This can be determined only after months of observation It must be of dust so by reason localized in of the fact that the daily increments the lungs by inhalation are of very low magnitude and the inflammatory response of the pulmonary parenchyma to such localizations is so sluggish Believe me it demands extreme patience on our part to wait until the desired period of time has elapsed to warrant positive conclusions concerning the potential toxicity of dust when inhaled I am certain Mr. Bowes that you are aware of the above and that you appreciate also the impossibility of forecasting time necessary either the to conduct results of research or the it All we can hope for is a confidence that the investigations will be pursued as rapidly and efficiently as possible Again Mr. Bowes I would be pleased to have your comments Me are proceeding with the investiga- tions in accordance with your authorization Sincerely yours AJV LB CC Mr. W. G. Hazard Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director of Research 000216 o ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO @ September 21 1948 Dr. A. J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald When Dr. Shook was at Saranac recently he talked with certain persons who were conducting the animal experiments on Kaylo dust Some questions came up as to the composition of Kaylo we are listing them below with answers 1. Is the dust now being used of the same composition as the material that was originally supplied There was to the best of our knowledge no significant difference in the compositions of the lots of Kaylo dust supplied with this possible exception the asbestos portion of the more recent dust may have contained a greater ratio of amosite to chrysotile Does Kaylo contain tri- or calcium silicate Apparently a comparison of the effect of port- land cement and of kaylo dust gave rise to the inquiry if Kaylo contains tri- or calcium silicate The answer is no Kaylo contains a hydrated calcium silicate This tends to hydrolyze in water to give a pH of about 10.5 The anhydrous tri- compound maximum and di- calcium silicates which are constituents of cement give rise to pH values of 12.3 and of 11.5 respectively Is Santocel on now conducting in composition which the Trudeau Laboratory is similar tests about the same as Kaylo Santocel is essentially 100 amorphous silica Kaylo on the other hand contains no free silica except for only occasional grains of residual or unreacted quartz These grains 000206 000206 PLAINTIFF'S ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY COMPANY Dr. A. J. Vorwald -2- September 21 1948 are for the most part relatively coarse Kaylo may be considered as being 80 to 85 percent of hydrated calcium silicate of submicroscopic crystal size and of 15 to 20 percent of asbestos of the amosite and chrysotile varieties If there are any further questions on the above we hope you will drop us a line With kindest regards W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Hezar^ fl fl Hezar^ fl fl INDUSTRIAL REIATIONS DIVISION ~ Dr. C. F. Shook - Toledo 000208 September 24 1948 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Mr. Hasard . ' Thank you very much for your letter of September 21 . to Doctor Vorwald in which you answer several questions concering the composition of Kaylo This will be brought to his attention when he returns from Europe about the middle of October Sincerely yours Mrs. Lillian R. Elinn Executive Secretary to Doctor Vorwald PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein EXHIBIT 000207 000207 October 6 1948 Doctor Vorwald In making up the forecast for next year Mr. Wagner called me on the telephone today to inquire re the status of Owings Illinois Glass You will recall Mr. Bowes failed to answer your last letter in explanation of the contract but the cost as set forth in your letter of March 3 was to be 7,000 per year for two years - to take effect with the quarter beginning May 1 1948 In February 1948 we received an order from the Company author- to izing the continuation of experiments at the rate of 5,000 be invoiced quarterly Your letter of March 3 copy of which went to Mr. Dayton's office is in reference to this order . Mr. A letter dated March in reply to yours of the 3rd mentioned he confirmed a commitment for one year because he wasn't satisfied with the transaction as a whole A letter from you on April 26 went into detail but no replied has been received As I understand it we are going ahead with the experiments Mr. Delahant is getting in shape for Doctor Pratt all the material covering the contract which terminated officially Feb. which was not conduded conduded until June 1948 as set forth of March 3 page 3 15 1948 but in your letter Now it appears that the bookkeeping department has not billed Owens Illinois for the 1250 due on February 15 1948 on the old contract I mentioned to Mr. Wagner that this was unfortunate in lieu of the past slipup on the billing that now perhaps it would be better to wait until we send out our report and include the bill Since on the order for the new contract to commence May 1 1948 we were specifically requested to bill quarterly as mentioned in your letter of March 3 a bill is past due on the new contract but since we have never been authorized on the 7,000 basis I am wondering whether you brought this up at the time of Dr. Shook's visit I expressed to Mr. Wagner that it was my understanding as a result of this particular unfortunate account that they were to automatically bill all contractors and that is why we send them a copy of the proposals and acceptances It is too bad that both bills are due at this time and I am wondering PLAINTIF 'S whether in this particular case we hadn't better send the bill on the new PPLLAAIINNTTIIFFFF''SS contract after the first six months period with a report of our studies PLAINTIFF'S result this particular account PLAINTIF'S I believe Doctor Vorwald the Bookkkeeping Department should be PLAINTIFF'S instructed to bill quarterly all of our accounts unless otherwise advised PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S It was my understanding such instructions had been issued as a of on your arrival 000206 October 22 1948 Memorandum Mr. Dayton From Doctor Vorvald Subjects Illinois Glass Co.'s Contract 1 I believe the complication regarding the above contract can be straightened out as follows contract which you may A. The Laboratory will prepare a final report in regard terminated on February 15 1948 to the so that submit and at that time will inform you a statement for 1250 to be enclosed with that report interim B. The Saranac Laboratory will also prepare an report in accordance with the agreement in effect as of May 1 1948 which we will assume is on a basis of a be . At that bilbil ll shoul prd e- 1 pared t. o cover the first six months in the amount of 2500 and should accompany the report 2. Should you identify any mechanism which might be more satisfactory please advise AJVILB PLAINTIFF'S 000210 INTERIN REPORT OF KATLO DUST to the ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY TOLEDO OHIO THE SARANAC LABORATORY SARLAI KENNEA W YG ORK OCTOBER 30 1948 Submitted by ArthuJr. YorwalNd. D. Director The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation . In cooperatwiiothns PhiliCp. Prat M. t D. DuHr . Duk rkaa n Hn . B. Anthony B. Delshant ' Mobeto haw Mobeto Mobeto Mobeto i haw perMnoabteto Mobeto cc pernat pernat pernat pernat pernat pernat pernat PLAINTIFF'S JATROLGOTICH One year ago on October 30 1947 an interia report was submitted covering the progress of certain animal experiments with Kaylo over a total per of i 30 mo ontd hs It was necessary at that time to recommend further experiments concerning certain phases of the problem The present report deals with the final phases of the experiment then in progress and with the early observations made in the new series of experiments The original experiment has now been completed and the conclusions drawn are based upon the results of a full three years exposure to an atmospheric suspeofnKs ayli o o dun st Previous experience has shown that this is the required period over which exposures to a dust of doubtful biological activity must be continued before final conclusions are varranted This experimenitn fact constitutes an exemple of the importance of such prolonged study for as is to be shown below the findings at three years ware strikingly different from those . at two and -half years and the tentative conclusion reached at that time sust now be altered Thus at the time of the previous report the evidence indicated that Kaylo acted as an inert dust in normal rats and guinea pigs resulting only in the formation of clumps of dust calls without fibrosis However it wilble shown below that Kaylios capable on prolonged inhalation of producing asbestosis in the lungs of guinea pigs and that it should be handled industrially as a hasardous dust This report will be presented in four sections us follows A. Final observations dust inhalation in normal guinea pigs ' B. Eisenssion C. Conclusions . D. Progress report on new series of experiments 000192 we e@unsed. erise. Final FReifenreancle supensions supensionsof Tais groupsgroups suspensions conditon throughout is time brief partidentiesl will will theregroups vith mean absent asbetosi solationsolation solation Boundover full ax Exbrosis celular can cellular the be sentresitance seen However by fibrosis fibrosis trueThis compering ductsducts known oais The October 1947 guinea to that normal wil 30 rooms reval two group rooms Febru- the exposed atmospheric atmospheric The were daily one exposed days days atmospheric conetraion wek and from concentration air which somewhat per offootof the entire per up over page the previous described onpage of was previous re- of particles contain g in containing guinea pigs were ocasional particles giant described multinceatdhistiocytes vere tissue fibrosis cels wer multincead identifed giantpersitnce ben devlopment and as such persistence persitence such biolgicalynot capable of producing affect biol gical y shownfor to affect 4 of subsequent thirty above lesions the dreevslpoopmnesnet chiefly which chiefly air forms smal nature spacesthe pulmonary function functionfunction or of pre- months inthe months devlopeddeveloped pigsguinea to about small the lesions , of lung seen 7 Fi2g witu h Fir guree 3 The lesions in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes showed no change between . thirty months and three years Chemical analysis of the lungs of guinea pigs that had inhaled Kaylo dust for periods up to 36 months yielded the data given in Table 1. It will be noted that as the period of exposure became longer the ash value gradually incressed indicating an accumulation of mineral matter in the lungs There was a pronounced increase in the silics component up to about 30 months and then a alight decrease The reason for this condition which has been observed in experiments with other dusts is not entirely clear Since only two animals were analyzed for each exposure period individual values were occasionally out of line but the general trend was clearly indicated B. Discussion " The final observations in this experiment with Leylo inhalation in normal guinea pigs reported above and illustrated in the figures prove that Kaylo is capable of producing the characteristic reaction asbestosis It is evident therefore that a considerable portion of the asbestos component in Kaylo remains unchanged during the manufacturing process or if it is changed that the altered product maintains its capacity to cause fibrosis While the lesions to 30 months showed no fibrosis certain aspects of them were compatible with a prolin- inary stage in the development of asbestosis These aspects were masked by the inert type of reaction to the materials other than asbestos in the dust The characteristic early stage of the reaction to asbestos is the predilection of the fibers to localise in the lumen and wall of the moll air ducts known as terminal bronchiolss This is in contrast to particulate materials which localise chiefly 000194 ~t. being particulate lodgedin particulate fibrous masked fibrous of the particulethere more component dust charteisc than characteristic atched signficane of charcteristc devlopmentdevlopment fibrosi was no of reaction lesionsKaylo inhaled compnets modification earlyreaction lesions compnets when silicosis silcosioftmihxeed of mixed nature Kaylo recognized containing that recognizedparibonchialrcontaing alveoli. paribronchialr while while the paribronchialr asbestosis capable producing producing asbestosis asbestosis full hyaline , ful silconis nodular nodular nodular fibrosis Furthermoe fibrosi Furthermore added the be labor labor presnt fibrosis been observed distomaceous dust distomaceousdistomaceous it ef ct pulmonary may Kaylo while much its silicates some masked in the ectualinert the air componets or of together ob- the in period the while much of sems pulmonarypneumocnise his silcosi including calcium year likely the previous experience pneumocniose consideraton exprsedexpressed byDoctor pneumocniose siliente the consideration silcosi my ; laboratory asbetosi be dismised Further must can condition condition dismised dismised Further consideration must the asbetosi later laborty completd large suporting of with asbetos laborty repotd given later which which been published recently completed completed a certain sup orting amount work but as asbetos , largely drawn published results would both folwing folwing surondig discuon ldaisctueion extnds problem amount consider Owens Ilolcaiinsotiosn tha health doepartfmen the fibrosi folwing Laylo informationexpriment be drawn necsary Idelvilnopoinsg peri- health discusion information information oantihmaelrs is slowly confidential and certainly slowly we coments coments to both safetyexperiment the devloping from extends published discussion these coments confidential from considered we folowing that folowing information program of department results Laylo certainly in can Asbestosis results chronic to be and chronic bronchiolar bronchiolar which late stages stages extends from fibrous bronchilar locaiston aper- localisation localisation localisation the surounding alveoli alveoli mineral localisation localisation the nature studies surondig The bronchiolar indicate by capbilty indcate fibrous Experimntal that nature irtaion the tisue by chief of and and repeated longitudinal divi- the fibers capbilty mechanism longitudnal . molecular repated fibers these molecular these capability action strands , struce longitudnal solid since the wol capable fibers fibrosis importance producingreaction since chrysotile particulate molecuar or importance capble does since dered ren- particulate investgao causing chrysotile protion investgao indcated semingly fibrosi it Certain asbestos investigations and separation indicated not fibrosis proprtion seemingly investigaons indcated fibrous inhalation which Thus must action is suficent hsufaicveent an with charteisc was experiment exprimnt elimnate fibers the miled asbetos asbetos reaction imposible imposible break dust 0 19 to exposd charteisc reaction fibros protin imposble fibers charteisc charteisc devloped dust in consisted consited months peribonchilar fibers fibers material found to be the fibers The about characteristic in air given fibers after peribonchiolar peribonchiolar peribronchiolar peribonchiolar fibrosis to 3. Kayla does not produce the diffuse cellular fibrosis of the lungs now recognised as resulting from inhalation of disto- maceous earth B. Progress Report on new series of experiments The three phases of the experiment as outlined in the report of October 30 1947 and in a letter dated March 3 1948 are nowundewary While little of signi haf s di evec lopa ed n thuc s fe ar a review of the work is presented here Progress and results to date of these experiments are given below under the ph ofa eacs h phe ase 1 The effect of Keylo inhalation on tuberculous infection initiated at the onset of dust exposure Thirty experimental animals ware infected with the attentuated strain R of tubercle bacillus used in this type of experiment and ware placed in the dust room the next day conct ontror l anio mals l were infected at the same time and kept in normal air Of the experimental animals six are now dead two having been sacrificed at two months two at four months and two having died One death occurred at five weekes due to intercurrent pneumonie The other was so recent that sections have not yet been prepared The animals killed at two months showed lesions comparable with those in the controls both grossly and microscopically The animals killed at four months have not been studied microscopically but on gross examination the lesions appear similar in the two groups 2 The effect of Kaylo inhalation on regressing tuberculous lesions in guinea pigs In this phase of the experiment twenty guinea pigs were infected and groups of them were kept in normal air for two four and six 000198 months before being placed in the dust room At the present time the first two groups have been placed in the dust room the third is to go in Dece1m5b1e94r8 Only two animals of the first group have been sacrificed as yet after two months in the dust Microscopic observations have not been made but in the gross the insions were comparable with those in contral animals 3 The effect of accumlated Keylo in the lunge on a subsequent tuberculous infection Thirty normal guinea pigs were placed in the dust room on May 12 1948 and on August 12 1948. ware infected with the attenusted tubercle bacilli Five animals were sacrificed at this time for chemical analysis to establish the amount of dust inhaled Control animals were infected on the same date Animals were sacrificed recently two months after infection Bressly the lesions in the experimental and control animals were comparable but again microscopic observations have not been made The results to date in this experiment are of little significance since the disease is a chranie one and any changes due to the inhalation of dust of any nature are known to be slow However it can be said that the experiment is progressing very satisfactorily and that we anticipate none of the complications which inter- fered with the interpretation of the previous experiment in regard to the effect of Kaylo on experimental tuberculosis 000199 it is virtually normal as is apparent en comparison with Figur5e. An asbestosis body is present in this field and is revealed in Figure & at higher magnification 000206 000201 -10 00020 Fig 4 - Keylo inhalation 30months 1290X This higher magnification of part of the field shown in FFiigguurree1draervkeaellsonagattyepdicsatlrucfotrumreoftoatshbeesrtiogshitsobfocdenyter 000208. 000204 1 Table AHA OF L LUNGY S OFS GUIE NEA S PIES EXPO TO S DUSE T D IN INHALATION EXPERIMENT WITH KAYLO DUST Animal Number Duration of Exposure Ash of Dry Tissue Per Cent 810g of Dry Tissue Cad Ngo Per Ceon f At sh 8102 & Ngo sonths per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent per cent 2 mos 4.42 0.24 0.00 0.07 5.57 1.85 1.59 22 MOS 22 23 6 mos 23 ** wos. ** 98 10 mos. 98 99 1212 mos 99 . 58 mos 58 88 88 21 mos 98 mos 98 39 mos 39 ** 30 mos ** 121 mos 122 858 36 mos 858 858 4.47 4.42 4,13 3.74 4.59 4.34 4.68 4.81 4.86 4.99 = 4.88 4,90 5.12 8.23 6.02 4.71 6.13 4.98 8.62 8.53 5.90 5.58 5.68 5.36 5.43 0.22 0.19 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.25 0.20 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.08 Q. 0.28 0 0.45 0.41 0.15 80 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.24 0.11 0.21 0.14 0.58 0.51 0.59 0.86 0.64 0.54 0.14 0.16 0.09 0.10 0.19 0.15 0.22 0.08 0.26 0.82 0.11 0.08 0.66 0.60 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.08 0.82 0.46 1.10 1.12 0.97 0.59 0.85 0.67 0.54 0.24 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.18 0.12 0.16 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.21 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.18 4,87 4.42 5.83 6.36 6.84 6.49 10.12 8.43 10.80 10.25 12.27 17.65 12.54 10.30 12.70 12.62 15.93 9.55 19.56 20.25 17.10 11.00 15.10 12.45 9.92 1.99 1.89 2.00 2.68 2.95 2.43 3.04 2.20 2.80 8.17 1.85 2.08 3.68 2.90 2.54 2.92 2.67 2.41 2.56 2.28 2.26 2.28 2.89 2.11 2.86 1.99 1.89 2.00 2.19 1.77 2.43 4.80 3.02 4.65 1.60 6.51 | 6.56 2.08 1.45 1.20 1.72 8.76 8.08 0.92 0.91 3.99 3.25 3.28 3.17 2.38 000205 November 16 1948 Memorandum tos Mr. Dayton From L. R. Blinn Res ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY Doctor Vorwald suggests that you issue new statement in accordance with the second page of the attached letter to Mr. Bowes dated November 16 1948 and forward from your office 00018 PLAINTIFF'S November 16 1948 69 69 PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT PPLLAAIINNTTIIFFF''SS EXHIBIT Kirstein Kirstein PLAINTIF'S EXHIBIT EXHIBIT Kirstein PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein Hr U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Mr. Bowes on Enclosed you will find three copies of a report the results of animal experiments with Kaylo dust As is our custon we have summarised briefly material previously presented including our in- terin report dated October 30 1947 and have given detailed dis- cussion only of subsequent developments When all experiments have been comple wetexeped ct to prepare a final report which will include details of each phase so that all date will be available in one place However the experimental study of the effects of inhaled Kayle dust on normal uninfected animals is now finished and conclusions expressed on that subject are final rather than tentative In the report issued one year ago which describes the findings in animals that inhaled Eaylo dunt for periodusp to 30 months the following tentative conclusion was ades In consequence of the experimental studies with guinea pigs to determine the biological activity of Kayla it may be tentatively concluded that Laylo alons fails to produce significent pulmonary demage whan inhaled into the lung During the 30 to 36 months period however definite indication of tissue reaction appeared in the lungs of animals inhe Kayl lo i dusn t ag nd there- fore I regret to our tentative conclusion quoted above must be al- tered In all animals sacrificed after more than 30 months of exposure to Eaylo on Kaylo dust mistakable evidence of asbestosis has developed showing that inhalation is espable of producing asbestosis and must be regarded earth was observed the quartz and diatomaceous earth components of the dust apparently do not produce their typical lesions from our to on _ order present more information the subject asbestosis certain evidence derived experimental work with asbestos dast has been dis- cussed As these findings have not yet been release fodr publication I re- quest while msing than as required in formulating a safety progrum you regard them as confidential Page 2 Mr. U. E. Bowes Ilinois Glass Company November 1948 The new series of experiments with respect to the influence of Ksyle on tuberculons infection are well under way and are pro- greasing satisfactorily It is of course toe early to expect significent results on which to base even tentative conclusions At this time may I review briefly the financial arrangment for conductitnhge investigatiwiotnh Kaylo The research program up to this year was carried on under a contract initia int1e94d5 by which the experiments would be subs witi h ad grai nt s of e 5,0d 00 per year . As pointed out in my letter of March , 1948 the contract terminated officially on February 15 1948 but the investigation would be continued without charge until June because the original experiments " were startle atde Since a check HES received which took care of the subsidy up to Novembar 15 1947 there is dus on the old contract the sum of 1,250 for the final quarter of the contract from November 15 1947 to Februar1y5 1948 the final quarter until all work have delayed invo ani inc voie ce for work could be finai nd as fih nal e repd ort submitted Following the termination of the experiment in June it has required several months to do the histological work study the tissue sections collate the data and prepare the report which accompanies We are including in the report a brief review of the new experi- ments in which the effect of inhaled dust on tuberculous stu is d beii ng se tudd ied Your purchase ander19-170 authorizithnigs experiment at 5,000 for one year is dated February 3 1948 but owing to a shortage of animals and other unavoidable delays the actual experi- mental work did not get under way until May Hence we have concluded 11994488.. Ffinoancrial reasons reasons oouuttlliinneedd ithins mynelwetptreorgroafm Msahrocuhld3 beIdsautgegdesftreodm May 1 a two- year contart a 7,c00t0 per year Your letoftMae rchr 31 acknowledged this but failed to confirm the extra amount of 2,000 involved Hever- theless we have proceeded at the old rate and are endeavoring to absorb . the increased cost from our Foundation resorts In few days our accounting department will forward a statement of the payments now due insupport of the research program as follows Originoafolf e5x,p0e0r0imaennntuablelgyun February 15 1945 at rate 5,00 ForfinalquarterNovember 151947 February15 1948 1,250 experiment begun 1946 at rate 5,000 Hew May , of first quarter May 1 For 1948 to August 1 1948 Por second quarter August 1 1948 to Hovember 1 1948 1,250 1,250 81.250 3,750 3,750 Page 3 Mr. U. E. Bowes Illinois Glass Company November 16 1948 . I realise that our findings regarding Kayle are less favorable since Kayle than anticipated However is expable of producing sa- bestosis it is better to discover it now in animals rather then later in industrial workers Thus the company being forewarned will be in a better position to institute ade^astecontrol measures for safe- guarding exposed employees and protecting its own interests Sincerely yours AJVILB CC Mr. Dayton Arthur J. Vorwald N.D. Director December 11 1948 Mr. David Inpiel . \ Illinois Glass Company . Berlin New Jersey Dear Mr. Innis We have about a month's supply of Kaylo on hand Will you please arrange to have shipped to us approximately another 100 pounds at your earliest convenience for continuation of our free 1/6/291/6/29 843 843 experimental program Sincerely yours Mrs. Lillian R. Blinn Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. irector LB 00018 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GENERAL OFFICES - TOLEDO 1 OHIO SUBSIDIARY OF OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY _ DRAWER F BERLIN NEW JERSEY December 13 1948 COMPANY Mrs. Lillian R. Blinn The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Mrs. Blinn Your letter of December 11 to Mr. Innes has been referred to me for reply We will send you the material you requested in a few days Since Mr. Innes is now at another plant future requests should be directed to the undersigned Please note that the name of the company has been changed to that shown on the letter Very truly yours ECS ef E. C. Shuman Director of Research 00318 PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein December 28 1948 American Structural Drawer F Berlin New Jersey Products Company Attn Mr. E. C. Shuman Director of Research Gentleman We have received the three cartons of haylo requested in our letter of December 11 powder with was a The Kaylo previously sent for our dusting experiment the following approximate composition as shown by ray diffraction analysis Quartz less than % Esbestos chrysotile 15-20 , approx fibers frequently less than 3 microns Calcite 5 approx The balance presumably a hydrous calcium silicate aggregates 100 microns and under in sise consisted of Since we have received the brick form of are wondering if you might not send us the material previously received and what disposition should be material ve have just obtained from you Kaylo we which we have made of the Sincerely yours AJVeby Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director PLAINTIFF'S Kirsten , ~ 000182 AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES - TOLEDO 1. OHIO SUBSIDIARY OF - ILLIN ILO LII NOS IS GLASS COMPANY DRAWER F BERLIN NEW JERSEY December 30 1948 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald / I am sorry that the Kaylo block was sent to you when as a matter of fact it was Kaylo dust which you wanted We are sending you three 3 cartons of Kaylo dust and suggest that you ship back it'd ro it'd it'd the Kaylo block at your convenience Very truly yours Block Block Block Block Block E. C. Shuman Director of Research CC Mr. H. G. Finley - Berlin 1-6-47 1-6-47 000179 PLAINTIFF'S | THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION AT SARANAC LAKE NY SARANAC . THE SARANAC LABORATORY THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION THE TRUDEAU SCHOOL AT TRUDEAU N.Y. TRUDEAU THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY THE DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY THE TRUDEAU LABORATORY Memorandum to Dr. Vorwald From Roy Dayton January 20 1949 Re Illinois Glass have Company period We 1949 to during cover the interpretation of standing order dated January 19 the your 1949 at 2.50 each ray films as requested This constitutes a tract for film readings renewal for this year of the con- year . RD AD 18 017 PLAINTF'S PLAINTF'S Memo to Dr. Vorwald From Administrative Office contion + contion Re : Illinois Glass Co Payment on Kaylo experiment A check in theamount of November from from American invoice dated quarter Structural Products February 1 1949 , 1948 1250.00 has been received Company in payment of our This covers the third and January 1949 Products Company is a subsidiary American Structural . . of Illinois Glass Company MAR 11 1949 F ' ee HA-& THE SARANAC LABORATORY OF THE EDWARD L. TRUDEAU FOUNDATION Saranac Lake N.Y. ARTHUR J. VORWALD M.D. DIRECTOR INTERIM REPORT . REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY GQ? KAYLO DUST to the ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY TOLEDO OHIO April 30 1940 Submitted by Arthur J. Yorwald M.D. Director The Edward L. Trudem Foundation In cooperation with Philip C. Pratt M.D. Thomas M. Durkan X.E. Anthony B. Delahant ; PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT I. INTRODUCTION The following brief interia report of the progress of experi- ments at the Saranac Laboratory the concerefn fes ct of Kayle in- halation on the course of tuberculosis The study is being carried out in three phases in accordance with the procedure outlined first in the interima report of October 30 1967 Sec&tundi ero Con n- clusions As the detailed review below will indicate the experiment is progressing satisfactorily and has now run for slightly more than 6 months At this stage of an experiment such as is underway one is not justified in attempting to evaluate the results with the purpose of drawing conclusions Previous experience has shown that under some conditions experimental tuberculous lesions may appear quiescent at 8 months but may subsequently exacerbate and progress Under other circumstances the opposite course may rarely cosur that is lesions may show alight early progression never marked with subsequent healing Only an overall view of the course of the infection per a i peo rid od of at leas1t8 months or 2 years can provide acceptable ) evidence II MATERIALB AND MISTHODS Experiments concerning the influence of the inhalation of dusts on the course of tuberculous infection are carried out in guinea pigs with the aid of a particular type of tuberale bacilli known to - bacteriologists as the Bystrain Bystrain This strain was isolated by workers ^^ in this institution some 2 years and has been used extensively extensively in this institution institution some sizes then this has been shown that bacteria By strain wuch It has shown avirulent much of their Yet the the or ability produce produce baoill{ are truly truly strain lost lost progressive disease since guiguinen a peigas Yet bacilli develop over period period about about months months they which gradual healing occurs during next 18 to 24 24 ' following folowing which An occasional animal about in 20 to 80 will will months progressive tuberculosis following infection suggesting that the virulence of this organism for the guinea pig remarkably remarkably close to that of human tubercle bacilli for Man control groups are needed because one of these serves for two of the experimental groups which can conveniently be infected on a single day from the same culture The third experimental group however must be infec3 t moe ntd hs later and mat its therefore havS own control group All the animals are from a single stock of comparable age and weight and are kept on the same diet The groups and the purpose for which each was set up are as follows Group I - Guinea Pigs Infection with immediate daily dust , exposure , The purpose of this phase of the study is to ascertain II Guinea . Infection with dust and months begin- . The purpose of this phase of the study is to ascertain The serve as purpose of this group as has been stated is to a guids or control in interpreting the course of the disease in the animals of Groups I and II 000160 000160 ~S IV Quines . Dust for three months followed tuberenlous infection The purpose of this phase of the study is to ascertain the influence of accumulated dust on the course of a super- imposed tuberculous infection Pire animals of this group ware killed after the initial period of dust exposure for histological and chemical study Table 6 reveals the results of chemical analysis performed with two of the animals following fixation in formalin The levels are somewhat higher than those noted in the early stages of the experiment reported previously presumably because the atmos- pheric dust concentration has been higher Histologic examina- tion revealed the early response to Kayle inhalation described in previous reports namely accumulatioonf in alveoli Occasional asbestos fibers were asbestosis bodies scattered dust noted but no cells Group V - Guinea Piga These pigs served Infection without dust exposure as controls to Group IV III RESULTS In the interest of brevity the data accumulated to date from tables observation of all the animals is presented in the appended Tables 1 to 5 cover Groups I to V respectively Brief comments are introduced below to emphasise the significance of the recorded data 000161 Table 1. The results recorded here are to be compared with those in Table 5. It will be noted that there is much more intercurrent pneumonia in the animals exposed to Kayle than in the controls This phenomenon has been a problem in all experiments with Kayle as all who have been connected with the experimental program are sware It is now believed that this pneumonia in guinea pigs is related to the presence of asbestos fibers in sufficient numbers to cause asbestosis as has been shown by previous phases of this study Pneumonia among guinea pigs but not in other species has often been a problem in other experiments with asbestos minerals The 5 lest death from posunonia occurred months ago and it now appears that the remaining animals may be resistant to it In regard to the course of the tuberculous infection itself, may be pointed out that only 2 experimental ani- mals have shown microscopic evidence of progressive disease one of these being at 2 months when it is not uncommon to see it even in controls The othewars at8 months Only one servatim camat be confirmed microscopically as yet The differences between Groups I and III are not signi- it ficant and may be said that up to the present the course of tuberculous tion of Kaylo infection has not been altered by the inhale- 000162 ake Table 2. The results recorded here are to be compared with those in Table 8. The results obtained to date reveal a single animal with microscopic ^'videnceof spreading disease This is even less f^'r^nouncedthan that seen in one of the controls and certainly does not indicate an adverse influence from Kaylo | inhalation Table 8. Control data for Tables 1 and 2. The data recorded for ani- mal number 75 which died at 6-1 months reveal that it is one of the occasional animals encountered with excessive susceptibility to R infection Table 4. The results recorded here are to be compared with those in Table 5. It will be noted that three mimals revealed micro- scopic evidence of spreading lesions not noted in the controls This was of slight degree and only subsequent developments can reveal the significance of these early changes It is of plus interest that animal number 96 which is recorded as a 2 showed also a number of lesions undergoing definite healing It is not unlikely that this is an indication of the future trend of the lesions in this group Table 5 The results recorded here are to be compared with those in Table 4 IV DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Salient points which have been noted to date have been emphasized in the brief paragraphs concerning each of the tables The evidence to date does not indicate an adverse influenes on tuberculosis due to in- . halation of Kaylo At the present time however the evidence is inconclusive since there is no way to predict from the early course of an experiment such introduction to this report we have observed in other experiments cases in which lesions appeared to be spreading after about 8 months but sub- sequently healed The opposite course of events has also occurred In the former case experience has shown that such agents as caused this course of events constituted no resegnizable industrial hasard It is strongly recommended therefore that this experiment be continued to total period of at least 18 months or preferably & years as was sug- gested when the work was originally contemplated in order to obtain reliable evidence concerning the effect of Kaylo dust inhalation on tuberculous lesions This would entail prolonging the experiment for another 8 months or preferably 14 months to reach the desired total period of 24 months * 1 Table ~ KAYLO + B SIMULTANEOUS : Animal Humber ( Mode of Death C KE Bron MicroscopHeipatcio Duration Gross Hepatie chial Lymph | Lungs Kods . Spleen Liver Mode Lungs Microscopic chial Bode Spleen Liver Lymph Hode 1-1 + 96 o 96 Tissue autolysed 2 ne, 0 0 so 6 6 2 8 (6 24 25 10 ? } } 8 14 22 8 18 28 2 so + GB 3-3 mo | pa + b 4 m, + I 4 mo, bd D 4-1 mo pm D 5-1 mo | pn + D 6 mo, pr I mo 6 mo, i) . A 6m, [m+ ft D 7 1o pa e bd D 7-2 mo | pa ? hs 8 mo. + F 8 m0, + D 8-12 mo | +s + re) fr) 0 0 oe 0 0 i) ft) 6 8 0 0 ra) + 0 + ) ' L) i) + + 4 0 0 + r] 0 fe) ) o t Qo Qo 0 Q 0 * re) + * o Py Fy . + pn oO rs) fr) fs) + 6 .e] ts) G + 6 0 + pn * ? ae os -- 860 + re) ) Tissue autolysed 6 + ) + 0 a a) 0 oO 0 + 0 Q Tissue autolysed Tissue autolyzed ~ r + ro} ~ 13 remain for subsequent study KEY Ds Eo a Pa ie CO = died killed for sampling intercurent poeumonia no tuberculous lesions som * *** ****+ w * @ xz = healing or healed tubercles scattered isolated spreading many spreading tubercles confluent tuberculosis tubercles Where microscopic observations are not recorded histologic preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated vay < 000165 Table 2 DUST R REACTIVATION , Hode Greas Brune Hicrossopis nimal of Duration Hepatic Bron- chial Lie Lymph Repatio Number Death Infect Luiso t n| Lungs Hode Spleen ver Hode shial 14- Langa Hode Spleen ver Lymph liods In dust 2 mo after infection 47 1/ mo 14 /4 mo [pnse 4 34 D 3-1 mo 1-1 mo + 81 I 6m, 2 mo, . + 32 EK no 2 mo, + f 85 8 E 6 mo, E 62m, 4 mo, 4 mo, + + 37 I 10 820, + 4 58 10 8 ms, + "Oo 0 a) 0 6 ) + 4 (4 6 e Tissue utdyzed a + + + -- -- ) Q 9 + + * 0 0 +t o 06 Sa 0 0 o oO 0 + + o 9 0 0 0 6 o 0 ) 2 remain ( 45 ( 48 X 8 mo I 8 mo, 4 no 4 ma, In dust 6 mo after infection . 4 + 0 a 4 +) o f * ] o + + 0 & remain & Q + 00 00 0 61 49 ( 80 ( 52 D 11 da D 10 mo E 10 mo I 10 mo 4 me, 4 ao, 4 20, 8 remain In dust 6 mo after infection i) 0 0 (9) 0 + + fa) o 9 + * rs) 0 + * + Fe) t . KEY D Kos Po a @ died killed for sampling intercurrent pneumonia no tuberculous lesions sem * ** 44 +400 @ healing or healed tubercles = scattered isolated spreading tuberoles = many spreading tubercles confluent tuberculosis When microscopic observations are not recorded histologic preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated 00016 < Table 3 INFECTION CONTROLS TO GROUPS I AND II Langs Rode Node Animal = of Fumber Death Duration Fumber Death Death Duration Gross BFen=" Rode Spleen Liver 62 D 1-1 mo | + *. 06 ) Bepatio Lymph Mode ) ( 67 ( ( 88 ( 59 1 ( 60 ( 63 ( ( 64 K no K t mo I 4 no K 4 mo, I 6 mo I 100 + + 9g 0 6 + r] 0 6 * . 0 ) + . cs) + + + + 6 re) Q + ) 0 0 6-1 Py 78 D mo . +s + 4 | 87 D 8-2 20 mts ) ' + 65 ( ( 66 88 ( 61 f 74 x 8 mo, I 8m, Db 9-1 mo + x 10 mo ) kK 10 mo + . 0 0 6 wego 0 * o 6 Q +9 ) ) + oO re) + Microssovia Bron- Hepatic shial Lymph Lungs Mode Spleen Liver Node Tisme autolysed + 6 4 + 4 * + 0 + ) ) ) 0 + + + + + 4 4 0 [a] 0 , + 7) O ) 0) +44 48 +4 + re Tissue autolysed + Q c?] 0 0 + 0 6 0 0 20 remain KET D os K Poo Oe died killed for sampling healing or healed tubercles ++ intercurrent pneumonia no tuberculous lesions seen *** +++ = scattered isolated spreading = many spreading tuberales confluent tuberculosis Where microscopie observations are not preparations have not been recorded histologic completed unless otherwise stated tubercles 000167 -10- Table 4 KAYLO 3 MONTHS + B INFECTION / Animal Humber Mode of Death Duration in Dust 10T 108 109 110 111 } I mo I m) } } K 8m. X mo ) ) X mo ) ~ Gross Bren- Hepatic chial Lymph Lames Node Spleen Liver Hoda ~Microscopic Bron- Hepatie : chial Lymph Lungs Mode Spleen Liver Mods To infection See tart 81 D 4 mo autolyzed ( 92 ( ( 93 X 5 mo I 5 mo. | pno + ) pu + 0 + + 6 94 K { 95 X 96 a ...mo. mo + ad ++) Sa 0 + ' ( 97 I 9 mo, + 0 114 105 ( 112 ( 118 D 10 mo pat++t 0 D 10-5 pn + - 7) 4 11 mo 0 + * K 11 no + + ) ) ) 0 + ) + i*] + fe] fe) + e) + 0 + ) ) ie) is] ) mo + 0 pn + * 0 + + 0 * + 0 ~+ + 0 + + i) + + pu + 0 0 0 0 fat 0 + 0 0 Q 0 fe) + 0 ) 0 0 ie] Q 14 remain alive ' Some lesions healed KEY D a died . Koa Pn oe O @ killed for sampling intercurrent pneumonia no tuberculous lesions seen * w healing or healed tubercles ++ = scattered isolated spreading tubercles +++ s many spreading tubercles +++ = confluent tuberculosis Where microscopic observations are not preparations have not been recorded histologic completed unless otherwise stated aay -11- -10- 000168 \ \ Table 5 INFECTION CONTROLS TO GROUP IV Animal Number Mode of Death Duration 121 ( 122 mos,2 I 2 mos 1.127 BD ms, Gross Tron- Repatis chial Lymph Hode Spleen Liver Kode Microscopie bron- , chial Lang Hede Spleen Liver Repatic Lymph Hode . +" 9 i) + * re) + ) * * ob ) + [p+ + 0 0 0 Tissue autdysed f 123 124 I s<oa, K 4 mos + ) 0 +0 ts) ce) + + * @ o + ) + 4 ( 125 ( ( 126 K 6 mas, K 6 mos + fo] 0 Q + ie) ce) te) , * ie) 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 182 D 6-2 10 + re) 0 + + 9 3) 0 ?) 145 0 7+ mo pas 7? 9 ) + 128 120 I 8 me, 0k me, + + ] *] + ' 06 0 187 D 8-1 < ) ) fs) 15 remain REY. Dia Ke Pus O died killed for sampling intercurrent pneumonia no tuberculous lesions sem * = ** = +++ *+* = healing or healed tubercles scattered isolated spreading many spreading tuberoles confluent tuberculosis tuberales When microscopic observations are not recorded histologio preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated -13- 0000169 per m2 NOD Pe Table CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF LUNGS OF ANIFM ROMA GRL OUPS IV Repoir n Pt areCed nt Animal Number Exposure Ash of Total 8102 of Dry Tissue Dry Tissue Cal of Dry Time MgO of Total 810g of Ivy Tissue Ash Cao of Ash Mgo of Ash 109 3 months 4.89 0.29 0.06 0.29 6.55 1.87 6.58 111 3 4.54 0.34 0.06 0.25 7.40 1.59 6.85 000170 -16- Fi1g The lesion is located just beneath the pleurs and consists of a central area of tuber- . culous cassation surrounded by lymphocytes and peripherally distinct fibrous tissue deposition Note the adjacent empty alveoli with walls of normal thickness This is a healing lesion Enlarged slightly from 100 X. 000171 Fig 2 - Photomicrograph of tuberale in control guinea pig lung killed 4 months after infection with no dust exposure Group III Enlarged slightly from 100x 000172 Fig 3 + Photomicrograph of tubercle in guinea pig lung 4 months after simultaneous infection and expo- sure to quarts dust The cellular reaction is much different from that in Figs 1 and 2. This is the appearance of active spreading tuberculosis without caseation made up chiefly of epithelioid cells and without peripheral fibrous tissue deposition Enlarged slightly from 1007 009173 1949 May 2 SARANAC LAKE ., 19 THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR THE CLINICAL AND experiMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE IN ACCOUNT WITH Illinois Glass Co. Toledo 1 Ohio Bowen Attention Mr. U. E. An se SE tr te See Selieteal | Apr1 , Becond Knylo Experiment begun May 1 1948 at rate of $ 5,000.00 annually Fourth quarter February 5 j iis [ a an CRESTOR 3 |7 oo 1,250.00 1,250.00 | ~peeee dE _ _ eee nn ee ee ; ee a ieee 00250 Bae 000250 000250 000250 000250 PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTF'S EXHIB T PLAINTIF'S PLAINTIF'S PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIF'S PLAINTIF 'S oer oe re | rs ns - May 3 1949 Mr. U. E. Bowes President American Structural Products P.O. Box 1035 Company Dear Mr. Bowess It pleases me to forward herewith an interia report of our investigations concerning Keylo dust in accordance with the program submitted to you in our proposal dated October 30 1947. This was approved by your Purchase Order No. 170 dated February 3 1948 A statement for the final quarter of the year's program is enclosed Our findings to date are summarised on page 7 of the attached report As you will note the experimental evidence indicates that Kaylo dust when inhaled into the lung seems to alter the course of a tuberculous infection However that evidence is inconclusive since it is derived from observations on animals that have been sacrificed the brief period of only eight months Experience dictates that at least eighteen months to two years must elapse to determins conclusively the effect of inhaled dust upon a chronic infectious process such as pulmonary tuberculosis This was stressed by us in the original proposal With reference to the charts it will be noted that a nuaster of animals are still alive in each phase of the study under way It would be illogical to sacrifice them to terminate the experiment at this time In view of the above we urge that the progren be continued for another year so that conclusive evidence which we seek will be availa- ble The program can be continued on the same financial basis as here fore. ly Please inform us of your wishes so that we might proceed according- Incidentally we are submitting four copies of the report with the thought that you might bring it to the attention of Mr. Hazard and Doctor Shook I believe they would appreciate seeing it because of their interest in our work Sincerely your AJVELB Encs 4 CC Mr. W. G. Hazard Dr. C. F. Shook , on ,----... Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT i Kirstein 8-78-48 8-78-48 8-78-48 000155000155 AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS GENERAL OFFICES * TOLEDO , OHIO SUBSIDIARY OF ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY May 9 1949 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory of The Trudeau Foundation Saranac Lake New York Dear Sir This will acknowledge your letter of May 3rd together with your invoice of April 30th and four copies of your interim report on The Biological Activity of Kaylo Dust also dated April 30th Mr. weeks rest on his attention he returns Bowes is out of the city for several doctors orders and I shall call to the report and your letter when I am handing copies of the report to Dr. Shook and Mr. Hazard as you requested and will process the invoice for payment Very truly yours . J.Grice Secretary to U. E. Bowes ; PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein Kirstein KAYLO INSULATION * INSULUX GLASS BLOCK * HEMINGRAY INSULATORS Dr. Vorwald The Illionis Glass Company contract expired according to our records on April 30 and has been paid for in full at the rate of 5,000.00 per year The new contract beginning May 1 was to have been at 7,000.00 per year according to preliminary dis- cussions . Can you tell me whether the new contract was actually effectuated at 7,000.00 JUN 18 1949 Noy this 0 0158 000158 000158 00158 001500158800158 June 29 1949 Mr. U. E. Bowes President American Structural Products P.O. Box 1035 Toledo'Tolledo'l Ohio Company Dear Mr. Bowes . Under date of May 9 1949 Miss Grice advised you uld be out of te te city for several weeks rest on doctors orders I trust your rest has been beneficial and th t once again you are feeling fit We are wondering whether you have had an opportunity to read our interia report regarding The Biological Activity Activity of Kaylo Dust sent you have made a the program as to you under our letter of May 3 and whether decision with regard to the continuation of recommended on page 7 of the report We would greatly appreciate some word from you in this regard as soon as possible Sincerely yours Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director 000151 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT June 29 1949 Memorandum Mr. Dayton Froms Doctor Vorwald Re Your memorandum of June 18 1949 Subject AMERICAN STRUCTURAL PRODUCTS COMPANY formerly Illinois Glass Company - contract of be clarified in the minds of all of us 1. So that the above might ; le se refer to the following 8 Letter to Mr. Bowes dated My 3 1949 The program can be continued on the same financial basis as heretofore b Letter to Mr. Bowes dated November 16 1948 - page 2 - rate 5,000 C. Memorandum to you of October 22 1948 continuation 2. Up to this time we have not receive1d94a9utthooMraiysat1i9o50n. forUnder date of of the program for the period May tary letter from Mr. Bowes secr stating May 9 1949 we received a that Mr. Boves was out of the city for several weeks rest on doctors orders and that she would call the matter to his attention immediately his return We are wr ting him again today in an effort to obtain uapuotnhorization for continuation of their program for another year 000152 000152 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO & July 6 1949 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Doctor Since the animal experiments on Kaylo dust began you have corres- to Mr. U. E. Bowes President of the American ponded with and sent reports of Illinois Glass Company Structural Products Companya sanudbsSiadyiraervyille plants Kaylo is and the operator of the Berlin manufactured there has been a change in our organization and the Berlin Recently are now in the Kaylo Division of Owens- and Sayreville New Jersey plants to handle the health Illinois Mr. C. W. Howard of that division is going aspects of Kaylo quarterly We'd appreciate it if you would send correspondence on this subject and the reports of your investigations as well as invoices to Mr. Howard instead of to Mr. Bowes His address is Mr. C. W. Howard Director of Industrial Relations Kaylo Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Mr. Howard would like very much to in order to meet you and your staff and logical research on Kaylo is conducted chance for you and he to get acquainted visit Saranac in the near future to learn firsthand how the toxico- We believe this would be a fine with each other and to discuss all the aspects of the Kaylo investigations We are not sure yet when Mr. Howard wants thought it would be well to mention this now time from your standpoint for such a visit to go to Saranac but we What would be a convenient With personal regards Sincerely yours 000148 000148 000148 W.G.Hazard W.G.Hazard cc - Mr. C. W. Howard - Toledo W. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION , PLAINTIFF'S cc me ayton ayton 7/14/49 July 8 1949 Memo to Lillian R. Blinn and Helen R. Smith From Clarence L. Wagner Subject Change of name - American Structural Products Company The following communication was receiveads of this morning ILLINOIS GLASS CO Kaylo Division P.O.Box 7 Sayreville N. J. July 6 1949 The Trudeau Foundin 6 Church Street Saranac Lake New York Gentlemen As of July 1 1949 the American Structural Products Company will be known as the Illinois Glass Company Kaylo Division Will kindly therefore process our invoices accordingly Thank you Very truly yours ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY KAYLO DIVISION Signed W. C. England Purchasing Agent PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 000149 000149 _ SARANAC LAKE Jul 9 y 1849 1849 _ THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION -0 . FOR er THE CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE IN Account With _ Illinoi Glas ss Co. | Continuation of Kaylo Experiment begun May 1 | 1948 at rate of 5,000.00 annually First quarter May 1 1949 to July 31 1949 | 1,250.00 Kirstein Kirstein PLAINTIF 'S 000156 000156 PLAINTF'SKirsteinKirstein 85 85 Jaly lds 1949 report interis to Hr. Bowes 65 ago forwarded interia interia Bowes dated Some few weeks forwarded report report dated dated April 30 concerning concerning our investigations investigations with regard regard to Kaylo dust We since learned Mr. Hazard Hazard that going nenile nenile sealth aspects Kaylo and copy going report been aspects of copy copy of report tua: gathorizs- under the assumption authoriza- authoriza- program continuing the assumption assumption tion will will forthcoming from you under July are enclosing enclosing our statement for the May 1 1949 to continua- statement , the 31 for tion progra,, quarter will note the rate proposal proposal originally originalsly ubmitted to Mr. Bowes proposal originally here in Serensc operations Seranse visit our Seranse tue Lake Almost Almost eager have you the last three operations here time during convenient weeks August August and the tise first two weeks will be decide date September know for me As soon you decide you . date if you will let me open for open All of meeting meeting Yous All of us eT? looking forward to the pleasure Sincerely yours CC Ence \ Director Vorwald Vorwald M.D. C Director ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1. OHIO @ July 21 1949 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Doctor Vorwald Thank you for your letter of July 14 in which you enclosed your statement for the first quarter May 1 to July 1949 for the continuation of the Kaylo dust experiment at a rate of 5,000 annually 1949 In compliance with the second paragraph of your letter please be advised you are authorized to continue | the experiment the same annual rate until May 1950 Please forward quarterly statements as heretofore = quarterly statements heretofore heretofore I look forward with interest to a visit with you some time during the latter part of August or the part of September I will contact you well in advance my visit in order for it to be convenient with you first of Yours very truly DIVISION C CC : W. G. Hazard Cc Mr. Dayton 7-25-49 bw C. W. Howard Director Industrial Relations 000146 PLAINTIFF'S eer a eee We ee ne mc einr e ume sa ommes came e coun ~ tigey! INTERIM REPORT REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF KAYLO DUST to the Illinois Glass Compeny Toledo Ohio by The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York January 1 1950 The report has reference to results of studies up to November 1 1949. Submitted by Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director The Edward L. Trudeau Foundation PLAINTIFF'S In cooperation with Philip C. Prutt M.D. Thomas H. Durken M.S. Anthony B. Dolshant Edward C. J. Urban IL.S.E. This interim report is essentially a supplement to the previous report dated April 29 1949 It is submitted at this time in accor- dance with a plan to issue reports at intervals of about six months In the interest of brevity general statements as to the methods used and purposes of each phase of the experiments under way are omitted and the reader is referred to the preceding report for dis- cussions of these points It may be stated that the conduct of the experiment has been maintained as it was in earlier stages and that dust counts during the interval since the last report have averaged 179 million particles per cubic foot of air In general the observations made over the past six months conform to those noted previously However only tentative conclusions aro warranted at this time It seems clear that only after all animals have been examined at the end of the full exposure can the results be evalu- ated The results to date are presented in tables as in the previous report Certain comments concerning each table follow Table 1. Compare with Table 3. In the interval since the last report four additional experimental animals on being sacrificed have shown spreading of their lesions while the con- trols have consistently revealed healing or healed lesions Others of the experimental group have failed to show evidence of spread While the observations over this period suggest a slightly adverse influence of the dust on the course of the tuberculous infection the le evidence is by no means conclusive and only subsequent developments os of the results in the entire series of animals can proand a survey vide a basis for a positive statement as the influence of Kaylo on a simultaneous tuberculous infection Table 2 Compare with Table 3. Two of the three animals in phase I in dust 2 months after infection of the re- activation experiment which were killed after 12 months in the dust room showed gross evidence of spreading disease This observation re- mains to be confirmed by microscopic study In the other two phases in dust 4 months and 6 months after infection spreads have been noted Here too the evidence is obviously incomplete and does not warrant evaluation at this time Table 3. Compare with Tables 1 and 2 No spreading disease has been noted in the six animals killed since the last re- port The course of the infection in the controls is thus seen to be in accord with previous experience Table 4 Compare with Table 5. The table reveals that the animals sacrificed or dying after dust exposure of eleven or more months have consistently harbored spreading lesions While some of these are yet to be confirmed microscopically the consistency of the findings suggests rather strongly that under these conditions infec- tion initiated after 3 months of dust exposure ) Kaylo has a distincaly adverse influence on the course of the disease Po Table 5. Compare with Table 4. The control animals again reveal that the infection is following its usual course One animal killed at 10 months after infection showed slight microscopic evidence of spreading disease As noted in the previous report it is not uncommon for an occasional control animal to develop progressive disease following this type of infection e In view of the above findings and for purposes of this report it seems appropriate to present for comparison the chemical and petrographic analyses of Kaylo and of long fiber asbestos Table 6 COMENT At the present time the evidence suggests that Kaylo dust may have a slightly adverse effect upon tuberculous infection This effect is by no means as pronounced as that of quartz since similar experiments with quartz result in progressive spreading of the lesions in virtually all animals after 8 or more months of exposure The lesions in animals exposed to quartz dust are usually sufficiently extensive to cause death of some animals in the period from 12 to 15 months The future course of the lesions in the present experiment cannot be predicted They may heal during the next 9 months but it is felt somewhat more likely that animals to be sacrificed will show an increasing incidence of spreading diseaso Table 1 KAYLON KAYLON KAYLON SINULTANEOUS Animal Number 4 1 2 6 3 5 Mode of Death D Duration Groes Bron- Hepatio chial Lungs Nodes Spleen Liver Lymph Nodo 1-1 pn + + 0 00 Microscopic Bron- Hepatic : Lymph chial Lungs Nodes Spleen Livor Node Tissue autolyzed 2 mo 10 0 + + + + K 2 ---- + 4 0 0 + + + + + D 3-3 pn + -- re) 0 pn 0 0 0 4 mo + + i) 0 $ + 0 0 0 R 4 mo + + 0 0 + + * 0 + 24 D 4-1 mo pn + tte + + + pn 7 a 25 D 5-1 mo pn + 00 + pn OO + -- 10 D 6 mo +* ph 0 0 ... Tissus autolyzed 7 K 6 mo 0 + 0 0 0 0 + 0 00 ,8 W 6 mo + + 0 a) 0 + + re) * 30 D mo pn + P 0 0 ) pn 0 0 0 14 D 7 mo pn + + --0 0 22 D 7-2 mo pn 7 -- 0 0 Tissue autolyzed Tissue autolyzed 9 13 8 mo + 4 0 ) + ++ ++ + % 8 mo + + -- 0 + + + + 28 D 8-1 mo ++ = + + + + ** + ate on 11 12 mo +++ + + + ++ oo + ++ } 12 K 12 mo + + 0 fe) ... + ++ 0 17 20 ( 15 416 D 13-2 mo 0 -- D 14 mo pn 0 K 15 ---- + + 15 mo +4 + 0 O 0 fs) -- 0 0 0 0 0 fe) -- 7 remain for subsequent study KEY D died K a killed for sampling ~ intercurent tuberculous pneumonia seen + 40 gene << healing or healed tuberoles 4 scattered isolated spreading 2. many spreading tuberoles confluent tuberculosis . tubercles Where microscopic observations are not recorded histologic preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated Table 2 DUST + R1 REACTIVATION Mode Animal of Duration Number Death Infection Dust Bron- chalal Lungs Nodes Gross Hopatio Li- Lymph Sploon ver Node Bron- Microscopic Bron- chial Li- Lungs Nodes Sploom ver Eepetio Lymph Node In dust 2 mo after infection 47 D 2-1 1/4 te pn + 0 0 ) 34 D 3-1 mo 1-1 mo + + 0 0 Oo 31 mo 2 mo * + 0 0 * 32 4 mo 2 mo + + 0 0 + + + of + Tissue autolyzed + + 00 00 9 + + 0 0 + en -B 36 K mo 6 mo mon +7 * 0 4 ---- + + 0 0 0 0 0 ++ + + 0 0 0 0 0 37 89 K 10 mo 10 mo 8 mo 8 mo + + 0 ) + 0 0 0 0 of + t * 0 0 0 0 - ( 33 , 39 40 14 mo 14 mo 14 mo 12 mo 12 mo 12 mo + + 0 0 a} t - ie) 0 + ++ 0 0 0 In dust 4 mo after infection 45 K 8 mo 7 48 K 8 mo 41 mo { 42 12 mo 4 mo 4 mo 8 mo 8 mo ++ + 0 0 + ) 0 ++ 8 0 0 9 + * -- 0 0 00 00 + 0 s 4 + * 00 00 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- In dust 6 mo after infection 51 D 11 da 0 Oo 0 0 0 0 6. Tissue autolyzed 9999 50 D 10 mo K 10 mo 4 mo 4 mo + + 0 00 00 + + 0 0 + + hoo + 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 63 K 10 mo K 14 mo 4 mo 8 mo + of + 0 + + % 0 -- 0 ++ + + + ( 54 K 14 mo 8 mo + KEY a! D <died K < killed for sampling Pn = intercurrent pneumonia QO = no tuberculous lesions seen 0 0 . + -healing or healed tuberoles > scattered isolated spreading +++ = many spreading tuberoles +t+h+ = confluent tuberculosis tubercles Where microscopic observations are not recorded histologic preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated Table 3 INFECTION CONTROLS TO GROUPS I AND II Animal Number Mode of Death Duration Lungs Bronohial Nodes Gross Spleen Liver Hepatic Lymph Node 62 ( 57 D 1-1 mo | + + K 2 O. + + ) O 0 -- 0 0 58 K mo + + 0 0 0 ( 59 69 K 4 mo 4 mo + % % + 0 0 of + 0 ++ ( 63 64 K mo 6 mo + + 0 + 0 0 -- 0 0 Microscopic Bran- Hepatio ohial Lymph Lungs Nodes Spleen Liver Node Tissue autolyzed + * * * > fe * 4 % 0 + 0 0 0 0 4 eb , > + 0 ) 0 + 0 0 0 6) 73 87 ( 65 1 66 88 ( 61 D 6-1 mo | +++ + + D 6-2 mo pn ? + 0 K 8 mo 8 mo + + 0 + * 0 D 9-1 mo | * 0 K 10 mo 0 + .0 + + O + 0 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 tht te pee + 5+ Tissue autolyzed + 0 00 00 0 + 0 -- 0 0 Tissue autolyzed + 0 0 0 0 74 K 10 mo + + 0 9) + ++ to + * 83 D 10-1 mo | + + 0 0 o Tissue autolyzed ( 89 K 12 mo + of 6 - 0 Oo + 0 0 0 * . 90 12 mo * - 2) 0 0 + 0 - 0 0 ( 67 14 mo * + 0 0 + 68 K 14 mo + * 0 0 0 ( 69 K 16 mo + + 0 0 0 70 K 15 mo + * 0 fe) 0 KEY D = died K killed for sampling Pn intercurront pneumonia 0 no tuberculous lesions seen + + +++ ++++ = healing or healed tubercles = scattered isolated spreading many spreading tubercles = confluent tuberculosis tubercle Where microscopic observations are not recorded histologic preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated . Table 4 KAYLO 3 MONTHS + R INFECTION Mode Animal of Number Death Duration Dust Infection Gross Bron- chial Lungs Nodes Spleen Hopatio Li- Lymph ver Nodo | Lungs Microscopio Bron- chial Li- Nodes Spleen vor Lopatic Lopatic Lymph Node 107 K 3 mo 108 109 110 K mo ) ) K mo ) )) K mo No infection See text 111 K mo ) 91 mo autolyzed 1 mo ( 92 ( ( 93 5 mo K 5 mo 2 mo 2 mo { 94 ( 95 K mo K 7 1O 4 10 4 mo ( 96 ( ( 97 114 K 9 mo I mo D 10 mo 105 D 10-3 ( 112 ( ( 113 K 11 mo K 11 mo ( 98 ( { 106 KF 13 mo I 13 mo 115 99 { 100 D 14-1 K 15 mo K 16 mo 6 mo 6 mo mo 7-3 8 mo 8 mo 10 mo 10 mo 11-1 12 mo 12 mo pn + pn * > + + + of + " ++ + * pn + + - pn + + + + + ++ * ... a + ++ ^ 000 000 00 00 0 fo) o oO 0 0 00 00 -- 0 0 0 0 0 0 re) 9) 0 0 0 0 -- 0 oO: 000 pa o + * + + 0 + 00 0 00 00 fat 00 + 0 0 + + * 0 0 0 + 0 0 * + shoh + 000 000 000 * + * .0 0 4) + pn + 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 Tissue autolyzod 0 * ) as + 00 00 + + 0 * 4 * debe + + ~ ~ % + 00 00 + 0 + + * Some lesions healod KEY D - died + s healing or healed tubercles KR - killed for sampling ++ " scattered isolated spreading tubercles Pn = intercurrent pneumonia . +++ * many spreading tubercles O no tuberculous lesions seen +++ = confluent tuberculosis _ Where microscopic observations are not recorded histologic preparations have not been completed unless otherwise stated Table 5 INFECTION CONTROLS TO GROUP IV Animal Number Mode of Death Duration 121 ( ( 122 127 K mos re 2 mos D 4 mos Gross Bro ~ Hepatic chial Lungs Nodos Spleen Liver Lymph Fode + +* 0 0 + Lungs Nicroscopic Branchial Nodes Liver Spleen Liver Hepatic Lymph Node + +t + 0 + + + pn + 9) ia) 1 0 0 om + + + 0 + Tissue autolyzed ( 123 ( ( 124 K 6 mos K A mos + ^ 0) + + 0 0 0 + + 0 0 0 % + + 0 + * ( 125 ( ( 126 K 6 mos K 6 mos * + ) 0 0 + + -- 0 0 + * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 132 D 6-2 mos + 0 0 0 + 145 D 7+ mos pn P 0 0 + 0 0 0 Tissue autolyzed ( 128 Jf 129 . K 8 mo K 8 mo + + 0 0 0 + * 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 * + 0 0 0 157 D 3-1 mo --+ + 0 0 0 Tissue autolyzed ( ( 131 ( 133 ( ( 134 K 10 mo K 12 mo K 12 mo O remain + + re) 3) + + ~ 0 0 re) + + 0 0 0) a4 f 0 0 + KEY " D= K= Pn = ' = died killed for sampling intercurrent pneumonia no tuberculous lesions scen ++ = + = ++ = tots . healing or healed tuberclos scattored isolated spreading many spreading tubercles confluent tuberculosis tubercles When mioroscopic observations observations are not recorded histologic not preparations have not been comploted unless otherwise stated ANALYSES OF KAYLO as received Chemical 43.80 1.69 Cao MgO Loss 105 C. > 105 C. Petrographic Most of the material consists of claylike masses which give a definite ray pattern not unlike a hydrous calcium sili- oute The quartz content is low probably less than 1 per cent About 5 per cent of calcite is present Approximately 15-20 per cent of the material is chrysotile or serpentine which is largoly fibrous The fibers and bundles present are usually several millimeters long and arc seldom shorter than 0.3 millimeter Chemical S102 F0203 . A1203 End & Migo Na KO C02 H20 ANALYSES OF FIBER ASBESTOS as received ) 38.40 5.32 0.78 0.08 0.31 Petrographic The material contains about 75 per cent of fibrous asbestos probably chrysotile with some serpentine and small amounts of caloito magnetite and chloritic or micaceous minerals Only a trace of quartz was seen Tharc were shreds of separated fibers 10 to 50 microns long and 5 to 15 microns wide 40.18 0.06 0.05 0257 16.00 99.76 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1. OHIO > . January 5 1950 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Doctor We are wondering whether you could give us some word about how animal experiments on the inhalation of Kaylo dust are developing last progress report we have is dated April 30 1949 the The At the end of this report the recommendation is made that the experiments be continued for another eight months possibly 14 months Since eight months would take the work through December of last year and since that is so recent that the microscopic examinations may not be completed informal yet perhaps you could give us right now more or less of an | progress report Our Kaylo Division is reviewing its policies on medical procedures for the people in their Sayreville New Jersey plant Before any major changes are made in our present medical program Dr. Shook and Mr. Howard want to know how your animal dusting experiments are progressing With personal regards W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Bill INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION Calind JP.S. Incidentally our records show that the last check we sent you was s in July 1949. It was our recollection that we were going to pay for this hu Wayne today enetsFoRBday Sethas quarterly receipt of you check this for us - Mr. C. W. Howard Dr. C. F. Shook _ quarterly statements from your laboratory gende gende are _ eemattheerials Could PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIF 'S a at PPLLAAIINNTTIIFFF''SS 4 oo ey. c oye () PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S nee Bvt Lae AE, G ve Gy 2 Fe - ee re ad - January 12 1950 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Bill In reply to your letter of January 5 we are enclosing herewith an interim report concerning our studies on Kaylo As you will note the results to date although not conclusive indicate that Kaylo stimulates a tuberculous process in the lung This stimulation is considerably less than that due to quartz however it is nevertheless significunt This unusual finding disturbs me because it is not in accord with the results which we anticipated The chemical and petrographic analysis of Kayio is not too unlike asbestos as indicated in Table 6. In view of this we had thought that it would act like asbestos and fail to stimulate a tuberculous process However that does not seem to be the case irrespective of the fact asbestos tast Kaylo produces less pulmonary fibrosis than does asbestos At the moment I am at a loss to explain tais difference It may be due to the calcium silicate component of the Kaylo but many forms of calcium silicate which we have studied have thus far failed to stimulate a tuberculous process and I doubt whether it is doing so in this case Subsequent findings may show that this stimulation is only a temporary one and that in final analysis the tuberculous lesion will retrogress and heal even under the influence of Kaylo Should this be the case I will notify you as soon as we observe it With every good wish to you Sincerely yours Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. 000134 00134 000001304 134 PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIFF'S AJV Director PLAINTIF 'SPLAINTIF 'S Encs 4 PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIF 'S P.S. We are forwarding copies of this letter and report to Mr. Howard and Doctor Shook believing that you would wish us to in order to keep them informed The extra copies enclosed herewith are for PLAINTIFF'S distribution where you see fit CC Mr. C. W. Howard A.J.V. The C. P. Shook Jan. 21 1950 Memo to Dr. Vorwald from Donald Bailey Started Subject Kaylo shipment received 1/6/49 Dusting 9/26/49 \__ ray diffraction shows the same components found in earlier batches However many of the fibers are shorter and appear somewhat less flexible This probably represents a difference in the manufacturing process The company changed hands prior to Jan. 1949 . The difference is more apparent in a recent borne sample 1/17/50 collected THE CLINICAL THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION FOR AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE AT TRUDEAU N.Y. AT SARANAC LAKE N.Y. THE SARANAC LABORATORY THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION THE TRUDEAU SCHOOL THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY THE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY THE DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY THE TRUDEAU LABORATORY N February 1 1950 Mr. W. G. Hasard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company . Dear Bill recent inquiry from the purchasing agent of your Upon to the renewal of the arrange- Bridgeton plant with regard and Illinois Glass ment with the Trudeau Foundation for the reading and interpretation of ray films Comptahney same rate of 2.50 per film for the calendar year of of service at we advised that our charge for the type 1950 heretofore could not be accomplished for less than rendered agent at Bridgeton 4.00 per film Mr. Meyers the purchasing at this figure As explained authorizleedttuesr ttoo bhiilml tthheeiFropulnadnattion and the Sanatorium have costs ibneeonurforced to raise fees in accordance with increasing and to offset the increasing operating deficit of all depart- ments including the Department of Radiology Fiscal De- It has been called to my attention by our that many plants are sending to us a considerable partment your and opinion Upon referring number of films for interpretation originally agreed to our records we note that Doctor Gardner at a charge of 2.50 per man to handle the films for your company in accordance with your letter of June 26 1946 each plant to be and each plant to billed for the interpretations of its own men of films to and from the Department pay the cost of transportation from us to the plant A of Radiology and of telegraphic reports was to be forwarded to you recap of the various plant charges December 31 1949 This arrangement has been in effect through plants to increase the fee to 4.00 Since we have found it necessary necessary film for the calendar year of 1950 we would appreciate your paedrvice as to the method we should follow to notify your many from whom we receive films of the increased fee PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT -92 Kirstein Page 2 Mr. W. G. Hazard Illincis Glass Company February , 1950 I am sure confronting us to you and that Bill that you will I trust that this we may continue to appreciate arrangment serve you the problem will be agreeable With kindest personal regards Sincerely yours AJVILB CC Fiscal Department Director 000125 SARANAC LAKE Februa,ry _ 19 95_ 0 THE TRUDEAU FOUNDATION THE CLINICAL AND FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PULMONARY DISEASE IN ACCOUNT WITH Illino Glai ss s Co. ttttnn MMrr. .C. W. HoHwowaarrdd Kaylo Division Toledo Ohio of Director Director of Relations Industrial .. _ Continuation of KaaylnanuExaplelriyment begun May 1948 _ __ | at rate 5,000 a |. Third Quarter Nov. to Jan. 1950 [nee a . ; | 1,250.00 on neta vee weep ee ee eee ee ee enn ae owe . www es eee te ~-4f : | | | es PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein FLOYD G. GILLIAM 46-366 CHEMICAL AND RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF LUNGS DRY LUNG Ash of Dry Lung ..vccccccccccvcccsccsesesese 3.33 Total SiO2 seccsnseccevcscccessccseccsecsoes 0.99 Quartz eecccccccccscacccssecscvere 0.04 Cristobalite we ... 0.25 Diatomite .........050- soevesesees 0.63 Feldspar ssccccccvccsccseccccseses 0.04 Sericite cccsscscccnescescsecssees 0.04 Clays eto eesceseeeseteeeeeseesnevesse 0.04 ASH Total S102 of Ash SHH COR COEHSEF EO EHER OL OE CE 29.63 Free Crystalline SiO2 woceseeareces Free Amorphous SiO2 eeeeenoeeneres Combined SiO2 sececersceseaccerees 8.6 19.0 2.0 F-- 203 Ce anee re rcc coe ctnsreestvcencasesescses 12.71 Al2O3 seceeeeeeessscecceteeecceccccesccoseee 2.14 P205 eeeveeveeensesssceeseessesstesssesenses 35.98 PaO se esccesececcscsscceaececs weeesscecceees 1.52 MgO sacvcensecccccccscsccsctccsvecscseccsses 1.89 K Ocacccccccccccvccccscsscccsesccecssvscees 5.01 Na Na SOSH HES EEK HREOC ERC CEE O REE EDL EEE wees 9.10 97.98 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO 5 February 14 1950 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Dr. Vorwald We have passed the word along to our plants that the fee for reading rays will be 4.00 per man during the calendar year of 1950 you wrote us February 1 Thank you for sending us some time ago the progress report on the Kaylo experiment It has been read with much interest by several people here and we are all very much concerned to learn how these experiments ultimately turn out With personal regards Sincerely yours W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION February 17 1950 Memorandum to Mr. Wagner From Millian R. Blinn Subject Reading of ray films for Illinois Glass Company www Fee . We have a letter from Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial lations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo in response to ours of February 1 advising Re- Ohio We have passed the word along to our plants that the fee for reading rays will be 4.00 per man during the calendar year of 1950 you wrote us February 1. PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT February 24 1950 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company ay Dear Mr. Hazard Before leaving for Australia a few days ago Doctor Vorwald asked me to write to you with regard to the shipment of Kaylo which we received from your Berlin New Jersey plant on January 6 1949. The ray diffraction pattern of samples from this shipment reveals the same components as found in previous shipments However many of the fibers are shorter and appear less flexible We are wondering whether this has been occasioned by a change in the manufacturing process If this is the case we should know so that we will be aware of any unanticipated results which subsequently might appear in the animals that are being exposed We would appreciate your advise in this regard Sincerely yours Lillian F. Blinn Mrs. A.B. Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director PLAINTIFF'S ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES - TOLEDO 1 OHIO sa . March 7 1950 Mrs. Lillian R. Blinn The Saranac Laboratory P. Box 551 Saranac Lake New York Dear Mrs. Blinn We have checked with our technical people and they tell us that there has been no change in the manufacturing process of Kaylo during the last year or so that would make the material received by you last January different from what you had received earlier have been using for your animal experiments The silica content of all the Kaylo shipped you should be in the form of a combined silica There is a negligible amount of free silica according to the laboratory analyses of our Kaylo Division in The asbestos that has gone into Kaylo products all along has been in the form of chrysotile In recent months the chrysotile fibers have : been more effectively separated or spiculated before they go into the Kaylo mix than they were earlier in our manufacturing experience This may mean that today the individual chrysotile fibers are better separated in the product than they were earlier After Kaylo is made the slabs are planed and sawed The dust from this operation is collected in a cloth dust arrester it is some of this material that the Berlin plant has been sending you for animal experimentation We are interested in your comment about the appearance of the fibers and if you find any other indication that the material is different from what you had earlier please let us know Sincerely yours W.G.HazardW.G.Hazard W. S. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION March 10 1950 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Division , Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Mr. Hazard , Thank you for your letter of March 7 Your comment in the third paragraph agrees with our ob- | Bervations I will bring your letter to Doctor e Vonald's attention on his return from Australia Australia the first of next month Sincerely yours \ ' \ 4 Lillian R. Blinn Mrs. A. Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director B. LB ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO @ * April 3 1950 Dict 3/31/50 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Doctor Our purchasing department after reviewing the volume of work that the Ray Laboratory did for our various plants last year better than 500 films examined has asked us to get your comments on this question they are wondering whether an agreement could be worked up for 1950 covering the nature of the services performed by your laboratory the minimum quantity of films to be presented and the fee for this service After such a contract is signed all our plants would be notified and the proper purchasing procedures set up The advantage to you as we see it would probably be that invoices would be processed more promptly The reason this question arose was that the purchasing department likes to have an agreement or contract for any transaction that is as big as our ray business is Such a step is not an attempt to get any more favorable fee for the services performed but merely to put the transactions on a contract basis drawn up in advance thus avoiding the need for confirming purchase orders after the roentgenological readings are made We'd be glad to ready have a similar panies for which you have your comments on this It arrangement in effect with some act as ray consultants may be of the that you alother com- Personal regards Sincerely yours Bill W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kiestein GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO May 18 1950 Dict 5/17/50 Dille Dille Dille Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Doctor Inime Inime Inime Inime free Esfree weck June29 . June Because the chest ray program that our Kaylo Division has been carrying on for some years is closely tied to the animal experimentation , work that you are conducting with Kaylo dust we'd like very much to be brought up to date on how these experiments are progressing The expense of chest rays for everyone in the Kaylo Division those people in the plant office year is a considerable item That program is up for review now Would it be possible for Dr. C. F. Shook and the writer to visit you sometime in the next few weeks so we can learn what new developments there are in the animal work One other point has come up that we'd like to discuss with you too Our purchasing department would like to draw up a contract each year with the ray Laboratory to cover the chest films that all our plants send to Saranac during the year This was mentioned in our letter of April 3-which we realize you probably haven't gotten to yet because of the traveling you have been doing in the last few weeks However we'd be glad to have your comments on this at your convenience a Personal regards _ Sincerely yours W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION 1950 PLAINTIFF'S ss to 000116 000116 PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIF 'S EXHIB TPLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIF'S PLAINTIFF'S Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Bill Re Our 1tr Feb. 24 1950 Your 1tr Mar. 7 19501950 This is merely to bring the matter outlined below to con- clusion As you recall the reference letter was prompted by our in- quiry concerning a possible of Kaylo to account for the batch shipped to us for our change in the manufacturing process shorter fibers present in a recent investigations Our records show that we received a batch of Kaylo January 1947. This lasted until September 1949 batch which had been duct is the material at which received to which time we started dusting with another in January 1949. This latter proreference was made in our letter of February 24 1950 to you The fact that in recent months you have more effectively separated and spiculated the chrysotile fibers would account for the differences noted by us the most important result of is now possible to produce a From our point of view probably this difference is the fact that it higher concentration of dust in our During experimental room than was possible with earlier products the past number of months we have endeavored to hold this concen- tration down to an average of 300 million particles per cubic foot of air. Since the fibers are shorter and seem less flexible I do not believe they are sufficiently numerous to change the type of tissue response to dust of the first batch However in view of the findings it might be well to examine a small sample of a current batch of the material This is just to be on the safe side Sincerely yours we AJVIEAJWVIEW CC Dr. Shook Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director 000126 Our records show that we received a batch of Kaylo Jan. 1947 This lasted us until Sept. 1949 at which time we started dusting another batch which had been received Jan. 1949. This latter product is the material to which reference was made in our letteorf Feb.24 to Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr.W.G.Hazard Mr. Hazard's information that In recent months the chrysotile fibers have been more effectively separated and spiculated . - " would account for the difference noted by us From our point of view probably the most important result of this difference is the fact that it is now possible to produce a higher concentration of dust in our experimental room than was possible with earlier products We 10fre endeavoring to hold this concentration down to an average of 300 X 10fre particles per cubic foot of air Since the more recent product contains virtually more fibers than in earlier products one might expect a difference these fibers are shorter and seem less flexible in response However than the chrysotile present in earlier products and might therefore have little biological significance 4/11/50 4/11/50 000127 June 1 1950 Mr. W. G. Hasard Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio The Trudeau School currently in session a answer to your letter of May 18. It finished prevented I more prompt to attack the accumlated correspondence today and am now ready you anadnd rDeovisetweinrg Srevhiewiongokyoturo lveistitterSatrhaenafcirLsatkoerder of business is to urge the middle of June Select any time after thMayt cdaalteenwdhairchisifsull up to convenient for both of you most satisfy your purchasing department of each man at a given dato Thus single film or it might incla usttdheere ecoase might consist of only a oblique The fee of 4.00 would cover the ,a entireentire laterana d l an lot If on the other hand two dates were involved we would consider that as two cases Mr. W. G. Hasard 2 June 1 1950 The third point concerns the experimental investigations with Kaylo which are about completed Only a few more animals remain These will be sacrif nei xtcmoentdh Thwe e win ll be ready to prepare the final report For your information at this time I believe the findings permit the following Kaylo dust on inhalation by experimental animals does not produce silicosis irrespective of the small amount of quarts action should present It does produce the asbestotic type of re- in the lungs and therefore we believe every precaution be taken to minimize exposure of industrial employees Kaylo dust on inhalation by experimental animals in- with tubercle bacilli only a very mild fected R ) produces stimulation of the tuberculous infection much less than that caused by the inhalation of pure quartz This evidence leads us to believe that in industrial practice the minimal allow- able concentration of Kaylo could be far in excess than that accepted for quarts before Kaylo would have an adverse stian- lating effect upon a tuberculous infection in exposed employees This evidence would support the view that inhalation of Kaylo dust would not be hazardous from the standpoint of tuberculosis especially provided that the dust hazard is controlled as cited above We are looking forward to having you and Doctor Shook with us the latter part of June Sincerely yours AJVsbw AJVsbw Cc Dr. Shook Kaylo exp file Arthur J. Vorvald M.D. Director 000117 PLAINTIF'S PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIF'S PLAINTIF'S SERVICE WESTERN Thisisaa full PLAINTIF'S 1301 PLAINTIF 'S Telegram or Cable unless its de- ferred is in ferred character dicated by a suitable symbol above or preadingading the address UNION 4 ~ W. MARSHALL PRESIDENT NigNhightt Latter . LC Deferred Deferred Cable NLT Cable Night Letter Ship Radiogram The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day lettera la STANDARD TIME at point of origin Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at point of destination SYA032 CTA399 ; CT TOA305 PD TOLEDO OHIO 6 11000A- DR ARTHUR J VORWALD DIRECTOR DIRECTOR 1950 AM 1157 1157 THE SARAN LABORATORY SARANAC LAKE NY RELET WOULD DR SHOGOK'S W FRIDAY JULY 14 BE CONVENIENT WITH YOU FOR SHOK'S AND MY VISIT TO DISCUSS KAYLO EXPERIMENTS HAZARD OWENS ILLINOIS GLASS 4 000115 oo THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE Mr. W. G. Hasard Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company ' Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Mr. Hazard Your telegram to Doctor Vorwald was received this afternoon in his absence from the Laboratory while on a business trip to Michigan It will come to his attention upon his return Monday June 11 In the meantime I am noting on Doctor Vorwald's _ Calendar the date - July 14 - you and Doctor Shook wish to visit us here As far as I know this will be a con- venient time for Doctor Yorwald but I will take the matter up with him to make sure he has not made other commitments about which he neglected to inform me again the first of next week I will write to you Sincerely yours Lillian R. Blinn Mrs. A.B. Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. - Director PLAINTIFF'S ) 000114 Mamo to Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald From Clarence L. Wagner Subject Saranac Laboratory contract with Illinois Glass Co. Termination Date - May 1 1950 Per Mr. C. W. Howard letter dated July 21 1949 payment of 5,000 would be made for the period of 1 year terminating May 1 1950 All payments have been made in accordance with the fore- going and the contract has now expired Please indicate below briefly the present status of renewal negotiations Memo to Clarence L. Wagner From Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Date June 26 1950 Conference here in the Saranac Laboratory with Dr. Shook and Mr. Howard scheduled for July 14 1950 at which time the continuation of contract will be considered LRB PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 000113 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO Ditto August 2 1950 Oct Telephone Telephone 1950 1950 4 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Art It was a treat to . members of your staff spend the . day July 14 with you and the other . We were of course most interested in the experimentation with Kaylo These experiments are now at an end and we are looking forward to as soon as it can be worked up results of your animal as we understand it seeing the final report ; Pisaus Pisaus Pisaus with he where where reliver On August 17 I have a visit scheduled to the Berlin New Jersey plant of our Kaylo Division where they manufacture Kaylo and fabricate it into pipe insulation On the following day August 18 I'll be at plant has the Sayreville New Jersey the Kaylo Division which is much larger than the Berlin plant has potentially larger dust exposures Would it be convenient for Tom Dirkin or Ed Urban to be there also If so it might be possible for them to bring their vacuum cleaner air sampler so we can get some samples in the finishing department for free silica determination notify Date Date notify If these dates sometime later are not convenient we could probably arrange could probably a trip thenBill Bill . Thank you for sending us the dittoed sheet explaining how to ship lung specimens Some day I hope we can send some to you You will remember we left with you a proposed blanket contract to . cover the reading of rays that come to you from our various plants The idea was to put in writing what the present practice and if the proposed contract does be changed to fit At of the letter not currently describe procedures it should your convenience could you return to us one copy ; % }7 The hospitality of you and your wife was something we are still talking about I don't think the boys will ever forget their boat ride-- PLAINTIFF'S 003111 Mu ae 4 idl - 4 % ILLINOIS COMPANY Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald -2- August 2 1950 and you and Mrs. Vorwald were certainly very kind to arrange the picnic All the Hazards send you our best regards Sincerely yours W.G.Hazard CC ~ Dr. C. F. Shook - Toledo INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION 000112 ae October 14 1950 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Bill In reviewing my correspondence I find your letter of August 2 1950 and my note concerning our telephone com- munication New regarding a visit your Kaylo Division in Berlin Jersey We are wondering what disposition you might wish to make of this . As you will recall we were unable to join you at the plant because both Mr. Urban and Mr. Durkan had previous commitments should At the time you mentioned that these dates be inconvenient a trip could be arranged Both Mrs. Vorwald and I enjoyed the gift which sent us and apologise for the delay in you year the boys will be older and better aabclkenotwoletdagkiengthietboaNtext out by themselves With every good wish to you Sincerely yours AJVsbw 008 C. F. Shook K.D. Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 000110 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO & October 30 1950 URGENT URGENT URGENT URGENT URGENT URGENT tup Dr. Arthur J. Vornald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Art Camden to _ a You wrote October 14 about the proposed visit of Mr. Durkan or Mr. Urban to our Sayreville New Jersey plant We still feel this trip should be made both to get their overall comments on our dust control program and to take some gross air samples for during analysis of the dust given off operations of Kaylo , the packing and shipping I don't have any set date for a return trip to Sayreville but would certainly be glad to make a trip there in order to be with Mr. Durkan or Mr. Urban Pernaps it would be best them to suggest a possibly tying it in with some trip to the New York or Philadelphia area Last week your new volume on beryllium tainly a monumental work Congratulations Saranac symposiums can be written up in the arrived and it is cer- I hope all future same fashion Personal regards to you and Mrs. Vorwald W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Brill Brill Brill INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION samples --, ----,--, ------,, ----, --, ---- ---- ------------ ------ -- Chow how to do this when The makes makes survey survey any time 000 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO sa December 12 1950 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Art Terminate^f Some time ago we mentioned to gather together in brochure form you that our Kaylo Division wants to material on the health aspects of Kaylo dust and wants to consider the experimental findings possibility of publishing some of your Terminate^f Terminate^f Terminate^f Terminate^f 1958 Fat 1 the As we recall it you mentioned during the visit that Shook I made to Saranac last July that the animal and pleted and no new experiments were all com- ones need be started and that the results of several years program would be written up in final you let us know how this report form Could project stands Fat May Fia.%t May } / pes* Could you also let us know how we stand on the counting department reports that they have paid two one in January for 1250 and one in May 1250 finances Our ac- invoices this year- fenes fenes We still feel that before this work be would be desirable for one of your can finally completed it Plant and among other engineers to visit our Sayreville things take air sition analysis Any time such a wso omer grk osswe orkd edsaimnptloes for compo- be conveniently let us know your schedule Jan Jan 154 attached attached See attached attached at ached One more point mentioned last carried on through the years at Saranac be published Has this been done yet July that was being all the written M. asbestos work H49 up and would and H49 H4M9. M. lots Best wishes to of snow in the M. and 7 you and Mrs. Vorwald for a merry Christmas Oce Adirondack hills a happy New Year and Saptpublici Sincerely yours , withou Bill , publici Bill withou Bill W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION withou 5 .cc - Dr. C. F. Shook - Toledo 000107 Decembe1r8 1950 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Chic Division Division Company Dear Bill Your letter of December 12 poses many questions and I will try to answer them in the order presented With regartdo the brochure we believe it advisable to wait until all of our experimental studies with Keyle have been collated and written up in the report to the company With that report it will be much easier to write something for the brochure The final report concerning the investigation on Laylo is being prepared and I hope to finish it as soon as possible Of recent date it has been delayed because of new problems resulting from the Inter- . national Situation The finances are in good order as your accounting department fulfilled your agreement with the last chock for 1280 issued to us in May of this year It is now up to us to complete the study by finiths e fh inai l rn epog rt Our paper concerning the investigation or asbestos has been in the hands of the publishfeorr some time It is to appear in the Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine Then it wI accepted Professor Philip Drinker informed us that it would appear within five months We expect it to appear in the near future With respect to the visit to Sayreville it will be possible for Mr. Urban and Mr. Durian to conduct a study of the plant any time after January 15 1951. Either one or both will bring the necessary equipment Please set the deto as soon as primble PLAINTIFF'S Kirsten cfs 000105 Mr. W. G. Hasard . a Decembe1r8 1950 My every good wish to you Bill Lib Mick Sam and David for all good things on Christmas and for the New Year Should I am sure that she would not want to be forjoins joins me in thanking you again for appropriate lovely cooktail glasses the design of which is especially appropriate at this of Cordially AJVsbw eat Dr. C. F. Shook - Toledo Mr. Urban Mr. Durkan Arthur J. Voerwald M.D. Director December 19 1950 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company P. O. Box 1035 Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Bill In order to make our studies of Kaylo more complete wo would like to have electron micrographs of the dust Unfortunately we do not have an electron microscope How- ever if I remember correctly your company has access to such an instrument We would appreciate it if you could arrange to have electron micrographs prepared for us For this purpose we are sending to you under separate cover a sample of Kaylo dust bearing our number MD This is material collected from the atmosphere of our experi- mental dust room Sincerely yours AJV bw Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Direstor ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO December 26 1950 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Art RseensdearthcehmLtaoboratory for electron microscope pictures you as soon as they are ready We will date If it's all right you for the visit to Sayreville Best regards we'd like after the to set a first of definite the year set fro Sincerely yours , W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION DIVISION : 000096 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO > January 15 1951 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Art I expect to be at the Sayreville New Jersey plant of our Kaylo Division Monday January 29. I am wondering whether it would be possible for your engineers to arrange a trip there or Wed- nesday January 31 so as to look over our Kaylo operations It doesn't matter to me whether they arrive Tuesday or Wednesday-whichever would be more convenient for them They could easily see the plant in one day and perhaps might do all their work in one day If many samples are needed however the visit perhaps should be lengthened out I can stay with them for as long as they need say If so for any reason these dates are not suitable suitable don't hesitate to Personal regards Sincerely yours W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION PLAINTIFF'S 000104 EXHIBIT STANDARD SO SYA029 CIA475| Time receipt STANDARD TIME point destination 1951 JAN 19 PM 3 51 51 : TOC139 DLTOLEDO OHTO 19 307P AJ AJ VORWALD DIRECTOR a THE SARANAC LABORATORY SARANACLAKENY RE OUR PROPOSED VISIT SAYREVILLE NEW JERSEY WOULD IT BE CONVENTEFONRTYOUR ENGINEERS TO MEET ME ATTHE SAYREVILLE PLANT TUESDAY MORNING JANUARY 309 | EWG EWG HAZARD OWENS ILLINOTS GLASS CO 000102 Replying um Sayr5 evii llewill No ae m webooc No Dae n meet fh . : To Be . January 22 1951 Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Bill This will confirm our telegram of January 19 in to of that date Our Mr. Durkan and Mr. Urban reply yours at the Sayreville plant on Tuesday January plan to meet you will be able to stay over on Wednesday 30 and if necessary With warm personal regards Sincerely yours AJV CC Mr. Mr. Durkan Urban Arthur J. Vorwald M. D. Director The Trudeau Foundation and The Saranac Laboratory PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT KirsteinKirstein 8-28-98 8-288-28-9-8 8-928-898 ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO 4p January 22 1951 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Vorwald Mr. Hazard went out of town this last weekend and at that he was awaiting final arrangements on the Sayreville trip time he and will be staying at the The plans are now complete Brunswick Monday night January 29 He Roger Smith Hotel in New in touch with him at sthueggehsottseltwhhaetnMrt.heDyurakrirnivaendanMdr.thUernbatnhegyetcan all go to the plant together Tuesday morning Sincerely yours Maude INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION M.Ley KPLiAIrNTsItFFe'SPLAINTmF'S 8-28-98 8-298 8-28-98 8-28-98 8-28-98 January 23. 1951 Memorandum to Mr. Durkan Mr. Urban From Doctor Vorwald Subject Illinois Glass Company - Sayreville trip We have been advised by Miss Maude Lay of the Industrial Relations Division of Illinois Glass Company that the plans are now complete and Mr. Hazard will be staying at the Roger Smith Hotel in New Brunswick - Monday night January 29 Mr. Hasard suggests that you get in touch with him at the hotel when you arrive and that then you all go to the plant together on Tuesday morning - AJY January 25 1951 Mr. Y. G. Hazard e Roger Smith Hotel Kiev brunswick New Jersey Dear Mr. Hasard This is simply to tell you that Mr. Darken and Hr Urben plan arrive in How Brunswick on Tuesday morning January 30 around 9:00 o'clock - earlier if the Serenac Laka train is on time They will go dirte o tc het hotl ely to meet you and would appreci ate your reserving for then two single rocus I am sanding & copy of this latter to you in oare of your Taleds office Sincerely yours CC Mr. Darkan Mr. Urban Lilliza R. Hlium Hrs A.B. | Executive Secretary to i Artimar . Forvald H.D. /\ Director January 31 1951 Memorandum To Doctor Vorwald From E.C.J. Urban Subject Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey Illinois Glass Company Kaylo Division Plant Sayreville N.J. work was requested by Mr. W. Hazard of the Owens- The survey Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio office of The Saranac Laboratory staff participating in the Members T.M. Durkan and E.C.J. Urban Tshuervefyolw loewrieng individuals were contacted at Sayreville Mr. O.W. Pfeifer Plant Manager Mr. William Barker Personnel Manager Mr. P.E. Gillis Safety Director Mr. John Roades Quality Control Engineer made in the company of Mr. W. Hazard Its purpose The survey was with the view of discovering was to examinteo thheealptlhanwthiocphemriatgihotnsexist as the results of the raw any hazards materials handled and the finished product produced Raw . Materials Si02 1. Diatomaceous Earth including Johns- The products of several U.S. manufacturers Manville The earth was not a pure product 100 but contained contaminants as clays 2. Silica flour high grade of free crystalling Si02 ground to a fine size from Pennsylvania Pulverizer Company . 3. Tripoli small quantities from Illinois Mineral Company 4. Lime Warren Company Balfont Pennsylvania 5. Asbestos Chrysotile Manville Canada Asbestos Amosite iron bearing South Africa 6. Kayolin clay small amounts from Georgia 7. Cement commercial grades Finished Products Kay lo product in tile forms for structural uses Reinforced with wire for roofing Sheets for proof doors and panels In round forms for pipe insulation covering Two types of Kaylo were made Light density and Heavy density Both contain different mixtures of the same original components The quality of the finished product is judged by structural PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein 000084 Memo to A.J. Vorwald -2- January 31 1951 strength density hardness and moisture absorption paper taken in strategic locations through- Seven dust counts were at which borne sample Seven sites were selected out the plant be made vacuum cleaner on filter collections will will be forwarded to The Saranac by Mr. John Roades The samples Laboratory for analysis the locations of dust counts 1 The sketch Fig I shows collections 38 to 14 to 7 inclusive and the borne sample inclusive the main raw products used and of Light Bulk samples of all obtained for analysis and Heavy Kaylo grades were also two main health hazards must be considered We believe that fiber and crystalline free silica in this plant Asbestos long this Mr. Hazard requested six 6 copies be sent to him The cost of survey of a this formal report of work was not discussed ECJU CC T.M. Durkan co SO & . 000C85 @ # fa noy pad 4 ' danepeed | t | || \ V/ A /; : | | = aof yon Kdedy, / /- a 9ghee! |aD ,SariAvaseg = @ele, . weGt?Loe /- LOF ib? 9 Shas F70W% Wine Ufih WT at - GPADBY Ay -srtoMg@ " elvatorsHransfor og erases young izwage jasbestos ff ee Maoving prep 2OF xculatorxculator T ramp - materials prep materials P Mf foes ee, (PAO feM Il inois AAOYlSoobSh^' ae SayreviOlwenls-e PUiESge Il ois Kaylo Sayrevile osanyOtSanyaeyreville / / . : bg 2 2 Urbon * EXPENSE ACCOUNT Memorandum to Fiscal Department | From E.C.J. Urban Date Januar3y1 1951 -- --,-- --__ --Pr--eliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey Illinois Glass Company Kayle Division Plant Sayreville New Jersey Datos _ Leave Saranac Lake 1-29-51 Survey Plant 1-30-51 Heeting Place Sayreville New Jersey Return 1-31-51 ee ake hi ona Lan Te Ta Plane 2 on 0 ee kt Automobile Nileage 2. we, Taxi wk ee Hotol 3 wl, Meals 4 4 ee eee ee . Tele . 7p.hwoene 7.00 . ) Request reimbursement reimbursement { ) Chock enclosed a ,haiimeendentetoateent TOTAL EXPENSES ~~ + 52.30 BALANCE DUE Charge to Illinois Glass Acct _ Memorandum to From Purpose | EXPENSE ACCOUNT Date February 5 1951 1951 1951 1951 Owens Illinois Glass Company T. M. Durkun Lust survey of Kaylo plant at Sayreville N.J. Dates Meeting Place January 30 1951 FUNDS ADVANCED , . . of Pla.noe NYE RR ow ew ow he ow oe wo Pullman hys oe & fe 32.66 eel Round 5676. ny New Brun 38.42 so a ' @ 8 @ Caeme eeie eenenm aeterenel Auto . m 4 2o 0 b oe ei e l ee e wc o8e & ' @ Ta2x 1 6i se * ses ' ' ' & & ' os ' ' @ ' ' 8 # Ee 0.75 0.75 Hotel , . - ee o ee eeresmemwenreniren: Me ls . . 2 e we e ' ' ' @ & 8 @ 8 4 ~ see 6 3.74 3.74 3 Telephone . . . os 1 ee Buggage eo 8 & ' ' ' @ ' ' G6 & ' | 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 oe #@ ' @ ss &@ ' 9 ' @ @ @ TOTAL EXPENSES 02.78 02.78 BALANCE DUE E K Request reimbursement ( ) Check enclosed Glass Charge to ----------,--Owes - Fil Owes Glass adirsed ale ma t . byes Signature 000089 Sow. OO porbe File File February 6 1951 Memorandum To Doctor Vorwald From E.C.J. Urban Subject Illinois Glass Company Preliminary Survey Append to Memo of January 31 1951 on the same subject Summary of Dust Counts taken in plant during survey 1/30/51 by T.M. Durkan E.C.J. Urban Accompanied by Mr. W. Hazard of the Illinois Company _ All collections were made in 95 Ethyl Alcohol using the Midget . Impinger Sample Router Sample 1 2:45 P.M. 10 min sampling time machine cutting Kalyo blocks into pipe insulation forms of exposure of two minutes at router machine outlet removing pipe insulation forms and applying cloth coatings A light glue was sprayed onto the forms with compressed air spray guns to adhere the cloth to the Kaylo The cutting parts of the machine were enclosed by sheet metal housings and exhausted by a central suction system The exhaust points were checked by smoke tests and found to have strong suctions This same central exhaust system also served the West finishing line which was not in operation at the time The exhaust points of the West line were closed off by dampers This substantially increased the volumes of exhaust at the Router machine The router unit was located in the open plant area Moderately heavy accumulations of Kaylo dust covered the under carriage of the machine The operators discarded broken pieces of insulation by throwing them into open containers Several containers were filled in a short time and the excess discards fell to the floor Housekeeping in the machine area was only fair Dust count 4.4 m.p.p. cu ft less than 10... These particles appeared to be almost entirely 34 and less in length .08 m.p.p. cu.ft. 10 to 20...in length Suggest Minimum exhaust rates which would provide effective dust collection for each branch of the dust control system be determined The suction of these branches should be checked periodically Static pressure measurements can be used as indicators . Nemo to Doctor Vorwald -2- February 6 1951 Improve housekeeping in the router machine area by period- ically cleaning the dust from the machine carriage and providing a sufficient number of containers for disposal of waste material Instruct the men to use frequent changes of clean work clothes and gloves Sample 2 3:10 P.M. 10 min sampling time General air sample along center aisle between direct driers and inderator units Housekeeping was good The units were of a completely enclosed construction Only a slight volume of steam was noted to escape into the general air Dust count 3.4 m.p.p. cu particles were .16 m.p.p. cu ft Under 10... Most of the 34 and less in length ft 10 to 20...in length Sample 3 3:30 P.M. 8 min sampling time General air in Batch Weighing Foom Area No weighing was being done The time of sampling was close to the changing of shifts Other normal activity was going on The housekeeping in the area was in fair to good order The general ventilation conditions were also good The dumping points of the dust storage bins into the weighing containers were each provided with exhaust systems These exhaust points were checked by smoke tests and the suctions were found to be only fair During an inspection made earlier in the day visible amounts of dust were seen to escape into the general room air during weighing from the dumping points Dust count 8.4 m.p.p. cu particles were 26 m.p.p. cu ft Under 10... Most of the 54 and less in length ft approx 1ou in length Suggest Determine manimum exhaust rates for each branch of the dust control system operation Check suction periodically periodically for proper , Sample 4 4:00 P.M. 8 min sampling time feeding Operators exposure in the Asbestos unbagging room Complete cycle of work was done including opening a 200 lb. bag of Amosite long fibre Asbestos dumping it on a platform the riffle table and feeding Asbestos into the hammer mill The room was completely enclosed and exhausted from two points in the ceiling The door was open to admit bags of Asbestos and the intake ventilating air A visible cloud of dust in the air 000091 Memo to Doctor Vorwald -3- . February 6 1951 was evident during the unbagging operation Moderately heavy accumulations of fibre were present on the machine surfaces and walls through the room The type respirator approved by the U.S. unbagging work He was stationed in operator wore a filter- Bureau of Mines during the the incoming air to the : room during this work Dust count 6.9 m.p.p. cu particles were .14 m.p.p. cu ft less than 5...and less in ft averaging 10... Most of the length about 10...in length Suggest design the exhaust system for the room and locate the suction hoods close to the points where the aust is produced It might be feasible to dump the Asbestos bags into a small hopper and chute rather than onto an open platform The hopper could have a rotary feeding device for moving the Asbestos onto the riffle tables The tables should be partly enclosed by plastic hoods and exhausted Housekeeping in the area should be improved by periodically cleaning the room of the accumulated dust The operations in this room unquestionably unquestionably are associated with a potential asbestos hazard Sample 5 4:15 P.M. East Finishing Line 5 min sampling time Operators exposure while turning structural tiles by hand on a conveyor belt located in Kaylo the center of the finishing line All adjacent tile smoothing operations were enclosed and provided with exhausts Moderate quantities Cust were raised when the man turned the tiles The Finishing of Line was located in the open plant area Housekeeping was good Dust count 8.3 the .48 One m.p.p. cu ft less than 10...Most of particles were less than 5... m.p.p. cu ft 10 to 15... in length particle was 100... Suggest Install a suction hood in front of the operator at this point The men working on the more dusty jobs should change their work clothing and gloves frequently Sample 6 4:45 P.M. 10 m.n. sampling time Hardener and Tile pouring machine 1 unit General air in area into of 3 men operating the moulds and then passed unit A we slurry Kaylo was poured through a steam chest into the pre- hardener The steam conditions around the machine were moderately heavy Dust count 2.2 m.p.p. cu particles were .45 m.p.n. ame .45 m.p.n. eect cu ft less than 10...Most under 5 ft averaged 5 to 15... 000092 Memo to Doctor Vorwald 4- February 6 1951 Sample 7 4:55 P.M. 10 min sampling time General air in west end and center of the mixing balcony ---- -- men were doing normal work One man added lime silica and to mixer unit from several portable containers All cement a of dust from the mixer units were covered Accumulations spillage were present on all the mixer units and parts of the floor area Dust count 5.2 m.p.p. cu ft less than 10... Most of the particles were under 5 0.0 m.p.p. cu ft larger than 10... Suggest Improve housekeeping in area by periodical cleaning Instruct the men to use care and avoid spilling dry dust Summary of Dust Counts Less than Router Center Aisle Bulk Weighing Rm Asbestos unbagging East Finishing Line Hardener Mixer Balcony 404 3.4 8.11 6.9 8.3 2.2 5.2 m.p.p. 10 cu.ft. Greater than 10... .08 .16 .26 e 14 .48 045 0.0 Summary and Conclusions The results of the few cust counts taken confirm the opinion of the Industrial Hygiene Engineer that considerable attention has been given in this plant to the control of dust In advised 1946 that the Department of Health for the State of New Jersey they follow a Sanitary Code which recommended the following threshold limits for dust exposure Asbestos m.p.p. cu ft Silica more than 70 5 m.p.p. cu ft 11 40 to 70 10 m.p.p. cu ft 11 5 to 40 20 m.p.p. ca. ft All dusts less than 57 Silica 50 m.p.p. cu.ft. Memo to Doctor Vorwald -5- February 6 1951 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recently developed a code for dusts which is as follows Asbestos m.p.p. cu ft Silica high above 50 free Si02 medium 5 to 50 free SiO2 low below % free 102 Total dust below % free SiO2 5 m.p.p. 20 m.p.p. 50 m.p.p. 50 m.p.p. cu cu cu cu ft ft ft ft It is our belief that the main hazard to health of workers in this plant arises from exposure to fibered asbestos Fibers 10...and longer To a lesser degree the other hazards present are caused by the dusts of crystalline free silica Silica flour and Tripoli and diatomaceous earth Although present practices are effective for the control of air borne dusts we feel that the following suggestions will aid in further reducing dustiness and maintaining levels of a low order 1. Periodic inspection of all local exhaust systems including static pressure tests at strategic locations to check and maintain the proper performance of each section design the dust control system connected with the asbestos preparation work 3. Improve housekeeping methods particularly in these areas where asbestos crystalline free silica and aatomaceous aatomaceous earth are handled It was noted during the survey for example that bags of these minerals were stored in large piles throughout the plant area where ever space was available Some of the bags were broken and covered with dusts This practice tends to contaminate the entire plant atmosphere The employees working at the points in the production system which create dust should be educated in dust suppresion practices These men should also be instructed to change their work clothes at least once each week or more frequently if needed 000094 Memo to Doctor Vorwald ~H- February 6 1951 5. Dust count surveys should be made in the plant periodically at intervals of once each month until the maintenance of low levels of dustiness is assured These surveys can later be reduced in frequency to month intervals ECJU cc Mr Durkan Bill for teen & other - processed [f- ' February 26 1951 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Relations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Quo Dear Bill arrangements As recall Mr. Durkan and I made an industrial you Division Plant of your company in hygiene survey of the Kaylo New Jersey on January 30 1951. Later to obtain six Sayrevillewith one of the local men Kr Roades were made dusts from selected locations in the plant samples of air borne which we left there for the with a filis collection device purpose We are mxions to complete our observations and would advies as to the progress of this smple appreciate your collection work Wines Wines regards Sincerely yours ECJU eo: Kr William Birker Edward C. d Urban Industrial Hygiene Engineer PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 8-28-98 8-28-98 May 2 , 1951 Owens Mr. W.G. Hazard Industrial Relations Divisica Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Tel Farfaus Farfaus Farfaus Dear Mr. Hazard Your letter of April 30 has been received in Doctor Vorwald's absence while on and will be brought to his of next week a business trip to the middle west attention on his return the first I have discussed the matter of the analyses of the dust samples taken at the Sayreville New Jersey plant of your Kaylo Division with Mr. Durkan As you requested he will endeavor to have some information in your hands by Saturday of this week Sincerely yours LRB CO2 Mr. Durkan Lilian R. Blinn Mrs. A.B. PLAINTIF'S Executive Secretary to - PLAINTIF 'S Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. PLAINTIFF'S Director PLAINTIFF'S 000079 000079 Called Bill Hazard composition phone Sat , Mary 4 told him deest count at live 3-5 was 8 million dust composition composition was quarty 3-5 chrypotal 5-10 quartz abyste Masses baylo 55-65 cantionate 15-25 dust fromboxser boxser way olaylar colected collected Spine amosite 15-35 olaylar stomit kayle 30-40 30-40 From it 6 theart dust come estimated estimated estimated at stomit to million in boxer -- Bi--zliny Bizliny durit in counts showed finishing Mentioned there appeared toto amosite 5-10 abaylike 4-77 abyste 3-4 3-4 Spine 5.gin ae was about what their asbestais asbeti box not possible finishing in in car live live hogard hen, ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLI 1 OHIO & April 30 1951 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Art Next Tuesday May 9 I expect to be plant of our Kaylo Division You again at the Sayreville New Jersey made some extensive field tests will recall that Tom Durkan there some time ago We and Ed Urban ever they have been tied up with rush work understand how- plete the analysis and haven't been able to com- I am wondering whether they have of show the percent asbestos dust in any the analyses made yet which department and in box cars while gross air samples taken in the finishing roof tile The the latter are being loaded with of percent of asbestos on the air at these Kaylo | great interest to us and we are not points has been sure our own tests made in the are reliable Perhaps Tom might have some past could wire to us before information on this which he we leave for the plant next Monday It was good to see you last week a fleeting glimpse in Atlantic City even though it was . Personal regards Sincerely yours Bill W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS VISION PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein EXHIBIT Kirstein . May 2 1951 Mr. W.G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Mr. Hazard Doctor Your letter of April 30 has been received in Vorwald's absence while on a business trip to the middle west and will be brought to his attention on his return the first of next weak I have discussed the matter of the analyses of the dust samples taken at the Sayreville New Jersey plant of your Kaylo Division with Mr. Durkan As you requested he will endeavor to have some information in your hands by Saturday of this week Sincerely yours LRB 1r 00 Mr. Durkan Lillian R. Ulann Mrs. A.B. Executive Secretary to Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Director PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein REPORT KAYLO DIVISION PLANT Illinois Glass Company + Sayreville Now Jersey Jersey May 29 1951 are eran AeA A INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE SURVEY by The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Saranac Lake New York eennS er a e Ai8 ea n Submitted by ----- --"-- --,, ---- --"--,--, N ----",-- ----- --"-- --,, ----- --"-----,,-- -----"---- --,,--"-- --,, Arthur J. Director Vorwald H.D. The Trudeau Foundation The Saranac Laboratory and In cooperation with Edward C. Thomas M. Donald A. J. Urban Durkan Bailey PLAINTIFF'SPLAINTIF'S EXHIBIT 000064 nee ~ os Report of Industrial Hygiene Survey of Kaylo Division Plant Illinois Glass Company Sayreville New Jersey A survey of the Kaylo Division plant of the Illinois Glass Company located at Sayreville New Jersey was mad on donuary 30. 1951 by T. M. Durkan and E. C. J. Urban of The Saranac Laboratory in company with W. G. Hazard of the Illinois Company The purpose of the survey was to observe the plant operations and to discover whether any hazards to health might be created by dust liberated from the raw materials handled or from the finished products manufactured Dust counts of atmospheric samples taken at seven strategic locations with the midget impinger apparatus word made to determine the concentration of suspended dust to which the workmen were exposed Soven samples of atmospheric dust suficientsuffsuficiient cient for analysis were collected on paper filters with a vacuum cleaner device so that the amount of hazardous free silica and asbestos constituents in the floated material could be estimated The filtere ware of a specially specially prepared paper which effectively retained dust parti- cles cles cles as small as 01 01 microns in size Oas of of these filter paper samples was taken on January 50 while the dust survey was being made , but tho other six were collected it by John Roades of the Illinois Company The remmaternis also are oxandred and their composition was determined approximately Composition of Raw Materials and Finished ProductProduct The composition and particle size of the principal rev materials which are used in the manufacture of the product Keylu we indicated an table 1 In addition to the materials listed small small mounts of kaolin 1 000065 Illinois May 29 1951 and cement are required but these two items are not related to any dust hazard Of the six raw materials described in table 1 all except quick lime must be regarded as potentially hazardous and capable of causing a serious pneumoconiosis Inhalation of amosite or chrysotile can produce asbestosis and inhalation of silica flour or tripoli can cause silicosis Diatomaceous earth on inhalation is capable of producing a diffuse fibrosis which is unlike silicosis or asbestosis but which be may quite disabling The finding that the sample of amosite had a quartz content of 21 per cent is quite surprising It is thus apparent that exposure to this com mercial form of amosite may present a potential hazard not only from asbestos fibers but also from silica particles The finished product Kaylo appears to consist principally of a crystalline form of calcium silicate which yields a characteristic ray diffraction pattern Petrographic and chemical examination revealed however that other constituents are present in the material A sample of light grade Kaylo was shown by analysis to have a quartz content of about 5 per cont for the heavy grade the value was about 5 per cent Both grades also contained moderate amounts of asbestos In a sample of the light grade the asbostoc was in the form of chrysotile which comprised approximately 5 to 20 per cent of the sample For a sample of the heavy grade the chrysotile content was estimated to be about 5 to 10 per cent seon but in addition about 3 to 5 per cent of amosite asbestos was Carbonates made up about 1 per cent of each grade of Laylo 2 000060006066 Illinois May 29 1951 Concentration and Composition of Atmospheric Dust The concentration of the atmospheric dust to which the workmen were exposed at various points is shown by the dust counts in table 2 Information pertinent to the operations or conditions at each sampling point are included in the table A summary of the dust counts is as follows Samole 1 2 5 4 5 6 7 Router machine Center aisle Batch weighing room Asbestos unbagging room East finishing line hardener Mixer balcony Particles per cu.ft. of air Smaller than 10 Larger than 10... 4.4 million 0.08 million 3.4 0.06 8.4 0.26 6,9 0.14 83 0.48 2,2 0.45 5.2 0.00 The composition of the material suspended in the air at seven ropresentative locations is revealed by the analyses in table 3 from the data in table 4 the weight of dust in the atmosphero at those seven locations can be calculated Thus the dust load of the general plant air s( ample 3A was 0.2 gram in about 17,000 cu ft of air or 0.01 mg per cu ft while the dust load of the atmosphere at the other locations ranged from 0.06 to 0.4 mg per cu ft The hazardous fraction of the dust consisted of the free silica components quartz and diatomaceous earth and the asbestos components amosite and chrysotile These hazardous consti- tuents generally made up a large large portion of each dust sample as the a 000067 MayMayMay 1919 Goois Goois 1951 1951 19511951 following table reveals . Sample 1A 2A 3A $ 5A 6A 7A General weighing area Asbestos tank General plant air Finishing line Router machinc Boxcar and truck Asbestos shredding room Free silica components per cont * . 40-55 Asbestos components per cent 3-5 10-20 40-50 16-30 32-43 3-5 10-20 103 6-12 . 4-7 22-26 27-39 40-50 the values for concentration and composition of the By correlating dust at each sampling point a fair idea of the potential atmospheric dust hazard at those points can be obtainod Atmospheric Dust at Sampling Points Samples Particles per cu.ft air aa of eeesewwes 1 and 5A Router machino 2 3 -- -- Conter aislo = 3 1A Batch weighing room = 4 76 Asbestos unbagging room 5 4A East finishing lino 11 6 SA hardener 4.4 million 3.4 3.4 6.9 8.3 2.2 Free silica components per cont Asbestos components por cont 1-3 6-12 18050 32-48 40-55 3-5 22-24 40-50 5-5 18-30 10--20 32-43 " 7 ' 2A - 6A Mixer balcony tank asbestos Boxcar and truck 5.2 10-20 40-50 40-50 27..39 Illinois May 29 1951 Comment The results of the dust survey which included the analysis of raw materials and atmospheric dust and a limited number of dust counts make it apparent that considerable attention had been given in this plant to the control of dust Exhaust systems of removing the dust had been installed and the amoun of dust suspended in the plant atmosphere was revealed by the survey to be at relatively low levels Since however in many areas of the plant hazardous free silica and asbestos minerals comprised a large portion of the floated material it is very important that effective dust control measures be maintained at all times so that the dissemination of unsafe amounts of dust into tho atmosphere will be prevented A number of agencies have suggested threshold or maximum allowable limits for the concentration of dusts in industrial atmosphere In 1948 the Department of Health for the State of New Jersey informed The Saranac Laboratory that the Department followed a Sanitary Code which recommends certain threshold limits for dust exposure A somewhat similar code has recently been developed by the American Conference of Governmental Inductrial Eygienists Threshold valves ostablished by those codes are as follows . The threshold values are given on the next page 000069 Illinois May 29 1951 Asbestos Free silica Total dust more 1 than 11 70 50 40 to 70 5 to 50 % to 40 less than % Maximum Allowable Concentration Particles per cu.ft. of air New Jersey code An Conf Ind Hyg Gov. code 5 million 5 million 1 19188 19188 19188 19188 19188 8 I ginia ginia ginia ginia 50 .g A review of the survey data discloses that in certain areas such as the batch weighing room free silica comprised a large portion of the dust to which the workers were exposod in other areas asbestos tank and boxcar) asbestos was the principal component of the suspended material and in still other localities conter aisle and asbestos unbagging room sub- stantial amounts of both free silica and asbestos were present in the atmospheric dust It It is thus apparent that although the dust counts of the sever impinger samples samples wore all below 10 million and therefore rela tively low the rather high quarts or estos content of the suspended material toadod to create in certain areas a condition which might be hazardous or at least one which approached the maximum allowable limit established by code Specific examples would be the exposure to free silica in the batch weighing room and to asbestos in the asbestos unbegging room Also the concentration of asbestos dust inside the boxcars probably exceeded safe limite Although a dust count was not made during the survey 000070 Illinois May 29 1951 there with the vacuum the weight of dust collected for that sampling point indicates that the dust concentration incleaner device and filter paper of the order of 50 million or more Since side the boxcar was possibly it seems likely that a potentially about third of the dust was asbestos hazardous condition existed and Recommendations Suggestions rates which will that minimum exhaust ventilation 1. is suggested for each branch of the dust control effective dust collection provide this has already been done and that the system be determined unless suction of these branches be checked periodically Static pressure measurements can be used to measure air flow asbestos unbagging room should be re2 The exhaust system for the designed so that the suction hoods will be located to collect it before it where the dust is produced close to the contaminates points the general air small hopper the asbestos bags into a It might be feasiblo to dump and chute rather then on to an open platform The hopper tho asbestos on to the could have a rotary feeding dovice for moving riffle tables enclosed by plastic hoods The tables should be partly and should be exhausted Housekoeping ut. the res should be improved of the accumulated dust by periodically cleaning the rock ' could be improved in a numbor of areas of 3. Housekeeping practices the plant At the router machine the dust should be removed from the machine carriage regularly and c sufficient number of containers pro- vided for the proper disposal of the waste material On the mixer balcony care should be tako to avoid spilling dry dust and the area 7 000071 000071 Illincis May 29 1951 should be cleaned periodically 4. Special attention should be given to housekeeping in those areas where silica flour tripoli diatomaceous earth and asbestos are handled It was noted during the survey that bags of these materials were stored in large piles throughout the plant area where space was available Some of the bags were broken and covered with dust Dust arising from this source would tend to contaminate the atmosphere of the entire plant 5 It is recommended that a suction hood be installed front of the operator who manually turns over the Kaylo tiles on the conveyor belt 6. All employees working at points where dust is created should be educated in good dust suppression practices As an added safeguard it is suggested that those who work at dusty jobs be required to change their work clothing frequently 7 Since it appears that men loading box cars are probably exposed to a hazardous concentration of suspended asbestos fibers it is recommonded that the men wear U.S. Bureau of Mines approved respirators during that operation It would be preferable course to reduce the dust concentration by exhaust ventilation or some other practicablo method if at all possible 80 Dust count surveys should be made in the plant at regular monthly intervals until a low level of dustinese in each potentially area is established The surveys can then be done less frequently . -~ 8 = 008072 Illinois May 29 1951 9. The maintenance of the working environment in a condition which conforms to regulations promulgated by local health agencies or which is in accord with accepted standards of good practice should not be considered as a complete protection for a worker from acquiring a disease as the result of his occupation It is strongly recommended that at the Kaylo plant a medical program be maintained which would require a employment examination including a roentgenogram of the chest of all prospective employees and a routine chest roentgenogram of all regular workers at intervals of once each year Such a program should reveal those individuals who are unfit for employment in a dusty trade Of most importance any case of disease which might develop in the regularly employed workers would be found early before it became a serious health problem to the individual and a liability to the management 009073 Table 1 . Illinois May 29 1951 ANALYSIS OF RAW MATERIALS USED USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KAYLO Material Amosite . Chrysotile Diatomaceous earth Quick lime Composition Composition The bulk of the material was fibrous Many of the fibers were separated they did not possess the high degree of flexibility of chrysotile Grains of chlo rite or serpentine were adhering to some of the fibers The sample of the emosite broughtback from the Kaylo plant had a quartz content of 21 per cont Size of Particles Most of the fibers were several hundred microns to several cm in length relatively few were shorter than 50 microns Many of these short fibers were 1 micron or less in die- meter and unlike chrysotile were generally straight or only slightly curved About 5 per cent of the material by weight would pass through a 100 mesh screen in this smallerthan mesh Traction about third of the fibers were longer than 20 microns and for every fiber there about 6 particles were More than 90 per cent fibrous chrysotile Adher ing to some of the fitors vore grains of chromite ? carbonates a few grains of massive serpentine and a trace of clivine About 0.5 quartz also was present The fibers were well separated Many were several hundred microns long and some were several mm in length About 10 per cent of the material by weight would pass through a 100 mesh screen in the smaller mesh fraction about fourth of the individual fibers were longer than 20 microns and for every fiber there were about 12 particles In this fraction unopened bundles are about as numerous as the separated fibors Principally natural dia- tomaceous earth with a trace of quartz Probably clays were present more the fresh water ? some Diatons variety Probably more than cent of the particles ther 1 micron micron 90 to 95 per were smaller Hearly all line quartz and traces traces ates feldspar and with 0.25 0.25 of carbon- glass glass rarely clumps larger larger than 2 microns and than 10 microns Mary than 30 microns were Silice flour Almost entirely pure ground quartz Tripoli Almost extiroly crypta crystalline quarta . Probably more than 95 per cent of the particles were smaller than 5 microso Probably more than 95 per cont of the partic were smaller than 5 mitrans ; mitrans bily orely Chan 40 microns microns seen wore any larger . Table Table 2 Illinois May 29 1951 CONCENTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST AT VARIOUS SAMPLING POINTS IN PLANT All samples were taken with the midget impinger 95 ethyl alcohol The collecting fluid was Sample 1 Router machine Taken at 2:45 P.M Router machine cutting Kaylo blocks into 10 min sampling time pipe insulation forms of two men at router machine outlet removing pipe Sample represented exposure on the insulation forms and applying cloth coatings A light glue was sprayed forms with compressed air spray guns to make the cloth adhere to the Kaylo The cutting parts of the machine were enclosed by sheet metal housings which were exhausted by a central suction system The exhaust points were checked by smoke tests and were found to have strong suction This same central ezhaust system also served the west finishing line which was not in operation at the time Since the exhaust points of the west line were closed off by dampers the volume of exhaust av the router machine was substantially increased The router unit was located in the open plent area Moderately heavy accumulations of Kayio dust covered the undercarriage of the machine The operators discarded broker pieces of insulation by throwing them into open - containers Several containers were filled in a short time and the excess discards discards fell to the floor Housekeeping an the machine area was only fair Dust concentration particles per cu ft of air 4.4 million smaller than 10p Nearly all of these particles appeared to be ...or less in length ) 0,08 million larger than 70... 10 to 20... in length ) aisle Sample 2 Center General air sample Takon along 25 3:10 .. 10.ng 10.ng 10.ng time contor aisie between direct driers and indu- rotor units The units were of a completely enclosed construction Only a slight volume of steem was noted escaping into the general air Housekeeping W s good Dust concentration particles per cu ft of 3.4 million smiler than wore S41 or less in 0.16 million larger than aor 1. Most of the particles length length ) : 10 to 20 in length Sample 3 Batch woughing woughing General air sample room Taken at 3:30 P.P. & in broth weighing room artea N. sampling time No weighing was being done a time of sampling was close to the changing of shihe Other normal activ- ity was general going on Housekeeping in the ares was in fir to good order and ventilation conditions were good Tho cumping points of the dust the storage bins into the reighing containers were och provided with exhaust sys- toms These oxhaust points were chocked by sole to and the suction WES found to be anly fair During on Inspection ace earlier in the day visible amounts of dust were amounts * irg points during scow gang troscape troscape into the . gel rec air from the dump-. Dust concentratior particles per cu ft or ali 8,48,4 mill ou selde cam 30p Most of the particles " 0,96 0,96 word Q or less less word Q or less . malaion larger larger than ) angl angl ) ) Heer 10p in length ) 000075 Table 2 Continued Illinois May 29 1951 unbagging room time Sample 4 Asbestos Taken at 4:00 P.M 6 min sampling Exposure of workman in asbestos mabagging room A A complete cycle of work was done including opening a 200 lb. bag of amosite fiber asbestos dumping it on a platform feeding the riffle table and feeding asbestos into the harmer mill The room was completely enclosed and was exhausted from two points in the ceiling The door was open to admit bags of asbestos and intake air for ventilation A visible cload of dust in the air was present during the unbagging operation Moderately heavy accumulations of fiber were present on the machine surfaces and walls throughout the room During the unbagging operation the operator who was bationed in the stream of air coming into the room wore a filter respirator approved by the U.S. Bureau . of Mines Dust concentration particles per cu ft or cir 6.9 rallion smaller than luu Most of the parti clos were op or less in length ) 0.14 million larger than 10... Near 10... in length Sample 5 East finishing finishing line Taken at 4:15 PM PM 5 min sempling timo Exposure of workman while Turning Kayle structural cites by hand on a conveyor belt located in the center of the fishing line All adjacent tile smoothing operations were enclosed and were provider with exhausts Moderate quantities of dust wore ruised when the man Tuined the tiles The finishing line was located in the open plan aros housekeeping was good Dust concentration particles per cu ft of eir 8,3 million smaller an 10... Fost of the parti- cles were & or less in length) 0,4 o lion Larger van 1. Mostly 10 to 15...in Longth one was 100... long Sample 6 huruener Talon at ' 5 P.; 10 min Preshardoner and tile pouring machine c und sampling time General air sample of the area in which darus into molds and then men operated the passed through a univ steam A wet siurry of Kaylo was poured chest into the hardoner A moderate amount of steen in the spher rowld the achine Dust concert particies 2.2 million per oy Pt of 3 ear 10p Most of the parti length ) Sp 2a length) 10 Up to 15 in length # Sample 7 Mixor balcony Mixor balcony Taken at 4-55 .; 10 " sampling time General were doing mixer unit air sample in west their uermal work end and center Ono men ander from several portable contains of inc mixing balcony Two men in slice slice and cement to a 4112 The a units were covered Accumulations of dust from op lago were presont on all the mixer units and on parts of the floor area Dust concentration 56751-36 56751-36 per cu f of on clie tora 11 tg. Most of the 0.00 Isticles were less than Su in length ) on larger in aa Ou, 000076 . . Table 3 ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST Illinois May 29. 1951 Sample number Quartz Diatomaceous earth junosite IA 2A SA 4N 5A5A 6A 7A pperer cent pp or or cent 5-10 5--10 per cont per cent per por cent por per cent 325 3-5 103 407 por cent 19 38 5920 45 wake = Tr = 3-5 . 355 20-50 30-40 5-10 5-10 25-35 40-50 Chrysotile Chlorito Carbonates Carbonates Kaylo Kaylo Kaylo Kaylo * ? ? Goethite = 2-3 10 30-40 30-40 30-40 _ ? 8230 = 25-55 25-55 an 2--3 2-0 5030 10-20 10-20 10-20 10-20 > 5-10 5-10 Tr _5-25 55-65 55-65 55-65 1-2 152 5-6 . 10-20 10-20 - 4 T 20-30 30-40 30-40 Tr = 10-15 3-5 ~ 10-20 Ferric oxide 2 oe In ~ A Tr Opaque 1-8 Pika 10 - Tr - Organic fiber ~ Sr. 3-5 - T ~ i Clay asses tikes close found in the finished product Rayla Notes Sample A. contained considerable diatomaceous carth 2A Fibers and bundles of amosite up to several cm long 39 wch of the voe beber 10 and 100 uorons in length we 100 Micro Albert o fey In chrysoculo as pros as hundred microns long .. ro was of refraction c2 or a less porous form of ronocte like masses isotropic metoria metoria wes orphous sila a occurred ns . 64 The bulk of the fibrous material appoared to consist of fibers mostly 20 to 100 microis long some wore several hundred microns Ce Meg Uno aposito cocure a budies bato bato 1 undre nicios co microns long sovratnicag Table 4 DATA FOR SAMPLES OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST Illinois May 29 1951 Sample number Weight of dust ccllected Description of sample , 1.0 1.0 1.0 Col ected Collected CColecoted lCol eclted ecCollectedtColleecteddColected Collected Col ected an goneral an weighing 6.5 6.5 hrs 4:30 F.A. hrs on Jan. 51. area from 10:00 A.M. to 1951 Collected Collected at asbestos ttaannkk from 10:15 A.H. to 4:30 PM 6,25 hrs on Feb 11951 General plant air sample collected from 8:25 A.H. P.F. ( ( h7,1 r hrs s of Pob 2. 1857 GA 2.4 Collected at finishing line from 10:30 A.M. to 4:30 F.M. 6 hrs on Feb. 5 1951 52 2.9 Collected at router from 9:00 A.H. to 3:00 P.M. 6 hrs on Tel 6 1957 6 5.4 Colicctod in boxcar from 8:50 A.M. to 12:40 P.M. hrs ) 3.8 on Feb. 12 1961 andwhile loading Buck from 1:00 P.E. loading 8:00 F. 2 hr on Feb. 1515 1951 7A 2.3 Collectod asbestos shredding room from 1:00 E to 4:00 1 fo ure 7 on dan 30 1950 NOTE The samples of caschorne aust or clycic were collected on a paper filver with a vacuum cleaner The volume of oir sampled was about 2400 cu ft Der hour 000078 June 6 1951 Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Illinois Glass Toledo 1 Ohio Division Company Dear Bill The report of our survey of dust conditions at the Sayreville plant of the Kaylo Division has at last been completed and in accordance with your request we are forwarding to you six copies of the report I am sorry that there has been such a delay in preparing this report and sending it to you Doctor Vorwald is away from the Laboratory at present but on his return in about a week he will undoubtedly write you and comment on the findings With best personal regards Sincerely yours TMD 1r Thoman M. Durkan Assistant Director The Sarance Laboratory 000063 PLAINTIFF'S _ ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO > June 8 1951 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Art On June 26 I expect to be back at our Sayreville New Jersey further plant Kaylo Division to discuss with Mr. Pfeifer how to improve dust conditions there {L It would be helpful if we had the results of the tests made mailed by Tom Durkar and Ed Urban at Sayreville some time ago as well mailed as any recommendations they might have after they saw the plant firsthand Tom phoned me some preliminary findings a few weeks Syn ago but there any further results available now 6.1951 6.1951 6.1951 Incidentally I may be driving through Saranac next June 12 enroute to our plant at North Troy Vermont If go through and if it's at a reasonable time of day I'll you a ring Tuesday we do give Personal regards . Sincerely yours W.G.Hazard Bill Bill BilBl ill INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO 5 July 11 195 Mr. Thomas M. Durkan The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Tom Thank you for sending us the several copies of the report on the work done by you and Ed Urban at our Sayreville New Jersey plant A large amount of work went into this job and we appreciate it Recently I was at Sayreville of your findings fact that's . this when we had a chance the reason I haven't to go over some written before Several points came up that I know you can enlighten us on First the chemist at Sayreville was amazed at the finding in table 1 that the sample of amosite brought back from Sayreville had a 21 quartz content Their analyses showed an insignifica quartzquartz content and they wondered how come What method was used in making your analysis Is it 21 by weight Also how were the samples snow i table 3 analyzed and are , the percents by weight or by count In table 3 sample 5A which was taken at the showed a 5-10 amosite component The plant tells in pipe covering has ver contained any amsite ^ pipe covering router me that the Kaylo used 0 raw material In the same table sample 6A Goher while loading a boxcar with Kaylo roof tile had chrysotile and 25-35 am site moxing a total of 27-39 asbestos Chemical analyses on sumilar gros air pls made by our own research laboratory have indicated that the total asbestos component of the dust was 6-10 We are wondering what your method of analysis was and whether you have any comments on this rather ride divergence of findings I wish we could sit down and discussume discussume of che results instead of writing about them but comments on the above in the meantime perhaps oe. could send us your / Personal regards W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Bul Bul ANDJSTE A RELATIONS DIVISION 000044 000044 PLAINTIFF'S ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO LOHIO LOHIO @& July 13 1951 Dr. Arthur J. Vorwald Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Director Dear Art Last year we had an interim report on the Kaylo dust experiments that you did for and Dr. Shook and I discussed the finding with you at Saranac last sumer According to our notes you were going to prepare a final report summarizing the whole investigation 18 our recollection correct and is this final report in the works Personal regards W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Bee Bee Bee INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION aoe 00CC36 PLAINTIFF'S ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO > August 7 1951 Mr. Thomas M. Durkan The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Tom Some time ago we sent you some questions raised by our Kaylo Division staff on the dust analyses made following the visit of you and Ed Urban to our Sayreville New Jersey plant It happens that next Tuesday 1 expect to be in New Jersey again and I am wonder- ing whether you could drop me a note here at Toledo so I could be fortified when I leave here next Monday The last time I wrote it was embarrassing to have your letter and mine cross in the mail Hope it doesn't happen now . Personal regards W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours Bill Bill Bill Bill INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIVISION 000037 PLAINTIFF'S August 7 1951 4 xoft vey Mr. W. G. Hazard Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Bill Your letter of July 11 regarding the analyses of dust samples from the Sayreville plant has been received and I am Sorry that an answer has been delayed so long The summer vaca tion period #incenfores somewhat with our usual schedule _ It would be best if we could sit down and review our on the questions you report as mention in your letter but perhaps a few comments questions ask will serve as a substitute for personal yes weight basis tabloi on a Las perusrages in all the tabloi percentages percentages percentages tc * explainally explainally explainally we may estimuce the percentages percentages percentages countries by making particle counts but when the results are reported as per cent by particle count rather then per cent by weight a note to that effect as included in the repo Composition of amosite Like the chemist at the Sayreville plant we were very much surprised to find that the sample of amosite had a quare cenceer of 21 per mm At daw daw ty wry that such a large amout or cut repres omtaririto oy mas sample but when it was discovered that the atmospherio unat sample YA collected over & period of 5 home in the aberthing aberthing room also had @ hit hit contant is is chrion that the N contained nonsiderable quarts For aralysing the morpler wo employed both patrographic examination and the ray diffraction method Although urte particles as urges an 0 adorirere adorirere seen in the mush mush e t1 Rsup ptanicy diamuroopa the lines of enter enter enter enter enter enter enter in tudienting tudienting that the rul ht K PU Pe a ak eit migra, TLARLTN ES rin) } gt.Ba VE edes ee i Ee Rye cea bee abe teddaa 000038 000038 Mr. W. G. Hasard 4 August 7 1951 The lines would have been large quarts particles spotty if the sample had contained only Since Bees of fibrous naxer daaro os e as easily as granular austs the question of peer sampling arose To eliminate this possibility we repeated the ray diffraction analysis of the amosite and of the atmospheric dust 76 using different portions of practically as compared the samples The values of tained for your worU the same as before 20 x 19 per cent respectively with 21 and 19 per cent gaien a vos report report Atmospheric dustat router recent 1 #xple #xple SA ; our confirms rely rely reported in the the sample contains amosite in nearly every microscopic rise there are one or more fibers and in some there are several fiberd he differentiate amosite from chrysowale by the higher index Y Losity are by viho usual occurrence of amosite as straight six ribers in comparison with the cur60 17rs or chrysotichlrysoetile Asbestos content of dust in oar Slare ou estimate of le content the amosits d content Fe ae ' 28 rts besed merely uper rusination rusination of the test test rack graphic microscope the values reported nee not very that reaan ve listed in the table ep range of saluru be potro pracire For Buck cc 6-10 and 35-45 other other other than e crane walra de bi Quite possible therefore that our estimated me raborter raborter raborter components ble , MUD adie | el I || 11 ! " tap DV ULL 1: 0 f NON: lynde but examination of asbestos samples with ray diffraction have not her her her Or bat ae Choa 6 #rtitative #rtitative #rtitative values Aut only * 18or repled ci ourt Aca 87 Flornit Flornit with which to open open open but in u ne ne news of the diffraction partea ct the athero adotta 79 seen ou intensity Possibly mis mis such as 1.88 by yo The ... is the bes revnu. fe: stimating woe stuntos cured cured lavoratory cured dust provided theyi art pday Iew tion of sackown sackown sackown sackown and components of asCes and the composi- is alfis got fron the composition composition of the other compet compet Abou Abou stimate of i ooTy qr oriet tf. iomtba los content ai ht may be hig ' 6-10 per 15 me cute wcale act XTCT babe ta " i co. 40 tr +) valer { 4 af triple 6A ON # the specy specy your ab 178 V. 1 ak } SDT amosite t reiste a this findio sowe, o atsticct raj 2 epee } i irette * abe Crom coor. Mas. yno greater than with 10 per a : #uniortutato #uniortutato Na we : wiblewible to chtain the ****** bev react for retrod quia. $ sy 136 " the usbestos minerale f 063 Li limbo e* The fo ol te Mr. W. G. Hasard 3+ wmgueb 7, 1051 6-10 If the adeo adeo content of per cent Last of 27-89 per the out on and 1 who Vb besar tu only hurt count la about 40 to 50 million then the usp of cre. dand^'cog the cer probably should not la regarded as a dete dete hard but rather as only a poctial cas Nevertheless 1 vi of the fact that we are not ocrtain just what atmospheric concation concation of asbestos fibers is the limit of safety it would be well to apply the protective basures suggested in the page including the wearing of a respirator and if possible so thor of reducing the amount of atopher woet Best persona Legards to you dnserely dnserely your TMD lr 000040 ws ee < a - ve 2 . . < eo "1 ir ae ore ; I I I III Pret I I II Prett Prett Prett Prett Prett Please Please Please August 17 1951 Mr. W.G. Hazard Industrial Relations Division Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Unte Dear Bill I am chagrined to find that have have not nerud your letter of July 15 before this time uituy he has been an especially Lasy me You are correct in your understanding that & flak prising prising the investigytice investigytice of our Kaylo dust experkant , me you put it in the ok While the report it in preparation dus to vacations of & Ten thar hurdles I do not believe it will be in your tus balora somo- time next month Please know however that we will get it to you as soon as we possibly can with very good wian and a personal regards Sincerely yours AJV lr frevar-s @ 7. LD Distroniation Distroniation Distroniation Distroniation Distroniation and The 8 Laboratory PLANTIA ia PLANTIA AL taal i PLANTIA PLANTIA PLANTIA istern t cme istern mt 15 i \ \ \ \ i \ \ | J October 26 1951 Sh a~ 2 ~ ae chases Ta Er N. G. Lezard Illlzcis Glass Toledo 1 Obio Company Dear yard yard yardyard Before leaving for San Francisco last night Dosto aid asked me to forward the attached bill It is aid sent directly to you in corde with your ae leit $ previous letter the delay 101 very sorry about 1000 ; bat way the matter skipped Doctor Vorm Vorm of. 1000 dely your widacez vy ... _rs A.B. Exadutase Secretary Secretary to - Arthur J. Vorwald M.D. Tretor Tretor | =n imdustrial imdustrial imdustrial imdustrial imdustrial imdustrial imdustrial imdustrialimdustrial imdustrial by by giew Dursun Dursun giew giew giew giew Survey Survey Survey Plast os _ Cet ... ... 9-... Sezion - Sezi on cSes tee \ mn . \, N oe uary 1951 1951 1951 1951 1951 Se ered - mete Travel expenses from S.t. S.t. 4 Sayrevic Sayrevic and return Sayrevic n le . Thomas ~ Services for day _ haboratofry ro haboratory Thomas in urtean andE.ON ban 104.98 one away away away away - _ Robertoy Robertoy Robertoy Robertoy Robertoy Robertoy twotwo men 100.00 100.00 100.00 haboratory eS wore at atsou sou hol for rst ee [ counts countscounts I samplessamples ; Pn : -----,-- Se wag -----,-- ae a le a a -----,-- OO <a a Che ~~ _ wee . Chemical Chemical Chemical amalies amalies amalies of 3 saules saules _-. oo of diffraction alyse ee and may may diffraction diffraction Chen 2 ing alyse a 1 159.00 159.00 | Report of intermetal fl of (Sked ahred intermetalintermetal intermetal finding anal analanal wheter on finding finding finding anal _ ee we Ne a ~. fy Le \ on" os _ *# 13,98 13,98 13,98 13,98 Q0CC34 . OFFICE COMMUNICATION DATE ? L.AZ L.AZ. SULCH FranceFrance France France BR Claven . Dllinnic Dllinnic Dllinnic Dllinnic Dllinnic Blog Slove Slove Slove BlogBlog Blog CC Pi 4.98 4.98 4.98 . Coa diggerrition dig er ition dig er ition diggerrition the Be diggerrition digerition diggerrition diggerrition diggerrition madesmades ... ... ... ... . year . Kaydo Chine Sayrev...ille .. Kaydo ZoneZZoonene if Larkan pone Fem mires eit an Li. Chine Sayreville an ee Mus . 2 detD e k B So ee llasaslasaS g ie eeeesn s e ILLINOIS GLISS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES TOLEDO 1 OHIO Ly @& October 29 1951 The Trudeau Foundation P.O. Box 551 Saranac Lake N. Y. Attention ALs A. 3. Elier Gentlemen We received this morning your statement for expenses and services of Messrs Durkan and Urban in connection with their visit to our Sayreville New Jersey plant This will be processed for payment Before doing so however we'd like to check with point According to our records all our payments for periments on Kaylo dust are date and complete rect you on this the animal exIs this cor- Our Kaylo Division would like to close out the account that was set up some years ago for the Saranac investigations If there are any unpaid items we'd like to process them along with the present bill for Messrs Durkan and Urban's special trip We recogniz- that the final report covering the whole animal experiment program has not yet been prepared prepared in fished form However we assume this will not be an additional charge but has already been covered by the regular quarterly payments that were made as the work was in pooeress If that that that the case will you let us know W.G.HAZARD GC Sincerely Sincerely yours W. Hard G. W. W. Hard Hard Hard Industrial Relations Division 00CC32 00CC32 " PLAINUEF'S Wo PLAINUEF'S PLAINUEF'S iy EXHIBIT 0 C 32 00CC32 NP NNP P -* ie ae, acer Dctober 31 1951 ' Mr. W. G. Hazard Company Industrial Relations Division Illinois ToledolToledol Class Ohio : Dear Mr. Hazards Hazards datter This will acknowledgeyour with reference to Illinois Glass Company's Laboratory The Saranat of October 29 account with F contract forthe .Kaylo hahsabs een report forthe if there invertige for final report if eexpxexpeerimerntpimeenrt iemexntperiment invertigeinvertigfe om with be no charge is now which records preparation you According the one recently forwarded to by kr Loakan ami k^'rj^...rb"-ngk^'rj^...rb"-n*g the only outstanding bill irvey or the symilie irvey " blrse maby y Nuray + LRB 1 fevtwet ots ( A.b. s Breative Secretary to - #, o ^' Arthur J. Horwald M.D. DLP ontas . 0 000031 " < PLAINTIFF'S |KirstKeiniErXHsItBIeTin ILLINOIS GIASS GIASS COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES LEDO 1,0 1,0 dip January 4 1952 Dr. A. J. Vorwald Director The Saranac Laboratory is Saranac Lake New Yor Dear Art This letter is attached to a pickage containing samples of dust and bulk material collected at our ayreville New Jersey plant Attached is a sheet giving a description of the samples You will recall when I was in Saranac discussing the aylo investigation with you Tom and Ed we agreed to run some check analyses on the composition of borne dust These are being sent as a result of this discussion The five al samples were collab collab with an Electrolux Electrolux vacuum cleaner much like the one Id uses in the tin cans are the original filters with the dust still on them We'd appreciate if i you would * return to us portion each sample so that we can forward the material to our own Search laborator for tuuv Personal Year regaras and oest wishes or $ hap and pro_perous New wae cerely yours ; Bill Bill W.G.Hazard PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S 003060 003060 Samples of dust from Sayreville .. plant for analysis Illinois Glass Company Our Date sample | no Sampling time hours ) 1 4- 2.33 12/5/51 11/15/51 7.5 11/16/51 300 , 11/19/51 2.5 11/20/51 20 12/1/51 5.75 5 12/3/51 4.0 6 4-5 Locat on _. At asbestos liberze Four bags of amosite were processed on 12/4 and live bags 12/5 while the vacui cleaner sampler was running On 1 finishing lie at turnover position where operator Jurm slabs c core material upside down Contains Contains Contains only chrysatile not At end of Big Big Line offbearer's position where slabs of core material were being inspected and removed from the conveyor line At machine where lo de oy billets were be- ing routed to make pipe covering Low density billets should contain only chrysotile but there may be sesite sesite present Inside reight cars with roof sotile and , using ale kool nosite the loading of two tile contains both bulk sangles o arch iia The paper bag con- tains a compost ues fw of amosite was taken from each of the mine bags that were emptied CUM we ow on o sample 1 above plus a hardi from each of eleven addit^ age tale twelverize twelverize twelverize those same days Sample of core material Sample of rom: ise, Sample of illats 000061 000061 000061 000061 Samples of dust from Sayreville N.J. plant for analysis Illinois Class Couparry Our Date sample ---- Sampling time hours ) 1 12 2.33 12/5/51 locatica _.. At asbestos asbestos asbestos asbestos asbestos asbestos 6 Four bags of amosite were processed on 12/1 and five bags 12/5 while the vacuum cleaner sampler was running 2 11/15/51 7.5 On B finishing line it turnover position where operator operator turns slabs of core material upside down Core material chryzst^le not monito notnot monito monito contains only 3 11/16/51 Ab en od bid bid line ex hearer's position where alche of core material were being inspected and removed from the conveyor line 4 11/19/51 . 11/20/51 2.0 12/1/51 5.75 At machine where low density billets were be- - ing routed to make pipe covering Low densi- ty billets should contain only chrysotile but there may Te #60 Bs et tert tert : 12/3/51 4.0 Ising Ising Ising Ising Ising cake with 601 charyactile and and Ising Ising Ising Ising Gale Ao ancit ancit thing thing of two the contains both 1-5 bulk 5 5 Gs se . Sens & UpUs ps M om OM 1X0 per per bag con- * vt a Mh 4 At amosite was taken om ach of the the bags that were ema a rn a re Qi we above, plus a handful plus w...e bow bow w sample 1 from each of leven de de de de de 858 858 ont 5 se A be those Sample of core materi Sampil e. wie ^' sid ge ot Sample c: ' 000062 . . CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL Final Final Final Noprs Nopors Nopors Nopors INVESTIGATION CONCERNING THE CAPACITY OF TITHALES KAYLO DUST TO INJURE VIN WING tc Illinois ilsas Coapary Toledo vo by The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York January 1952 1952 1952 Ps * 000001 Submitted by 140 Kirstein Kirstein Kirstein Kirstein Kirstein Arthur J. Vorwald .D Director The Saranac Laboratory and The Trudeau Foundation cooperation In Conqueste with Conqueste ' 217/5 217/5 Thomas M. Durian M.E. Philip C. Praut M.D. Edward C.J. Urban W.S.E. Anthony B. Delahant Donald A. Bailey 217/5 217/5 217/5 -RB Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 INVESTIGATION CONCERNING THE CAPACITY OF INHALED KAYLO DUST TO INJURE THE LUNG I. INTRODUCTION In 1945 the Illinois Glass Compury had developed to the pilot plant stage a new industrial product known as Kaylo which could be used as a thermal insulating material and for other applications According to information supplied by the company this product was prepared by heating under steam pressure a suspension of calcium hydroxide silica and asbestos to form a hydrated calcium silicate Studies at The Saranac Laboratory showed that although the principal component of Kaylo was the hydrated calcium silicate some unchanged rar oteriale including asbestos and free silioa in the form of quartz or diatomaceous earth were also present in the final product Before Kayle was used commercially on a large scale it was important to determine whether or not any dust liberated from this product during manufacture handling or fabrication would be likely to constitute a respiratory hasard to exposed individuals Therefore a comprehensive investigation was underbusen in which the effect of inhaled Kaylo dust on animals was studied The investigation was sterted in February 1945 and was carried on for more than five five years It explored the nature of the pulmonary tissue rouction to inhaled Naylo lust in normal animals and in animals herboring a triboroulous infection In this final report of the study the principal findings given in previous interim reports will be reviewed briefly and the conclusions derived from the entire experimental program will be atebed 00CC02 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 II DUSTING MATERIAL USED The material used for generating atmospheric dust in the experimental dust room was divided Keylo obtained from the dust collectors of the Berlin New Jersey plant in which Kaylo is manufactured The material was received in separate shipments ve lower lower Lot # - Received in January 1945 1 20 . 11 February 1947 " #o " January 1949 A. Composition The results of chemical and petrographic Analysis of a . representative sample of the material as received at The Saranac Laboratory are given in table 1 It will be noted that the only asbestos mineral revealed by the petrographic examination of this sample is chrysotile Since Kayla is a commercial product it is possible that minor alterations in composition may occur from time to time in accordance with changes in the raw materials used for example the quartz value for lot # of Kaylo was less than 1 par sect but the quartz content of lots # and # was between 2 to 5 per cent In the final shipment or Jaylo received in January 1949 and first used in this experiment in September 1949 the asbestos component contained the mineral nosite as well as chrysotile The fibers of amosite in comparison with those of ohrysotile are less flexible and have a highe iron content Howevar airco experiments with animals have shown that both site and chrysotile nee capable of causing asbestosis it is unlikely that the substitution of the one mineral for the other in Kaylo would cause a significant change in the toxic properties of the final product 00CC33 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 B. Ray diffraction studies The bay fraction pattern of samples of two different shipments of Kylo are shown in fig 1. The prominent lines present are probably those of a hydrous calcium silicate which is the principal component o haylo Com- parison of patterns a and b discloses that the quarts line is stronger in b than in a indicating that the Keylo received in January 1949 has a higher quartz content than has the earlier product received in January 1945 Faint lines representing calcite and chrysotile are bla _ both patterns Diffraction lines produced by anonite are also present in pattern b C. frequency studies The listribution of Kaylo dust is shown by the graph in flg 2. The lines of the graph represent the parent material in the d'ist machine and to samples of atmospheric dust collected in the dust room on different days A magnification of 1200X was used in making the size squency cours It will be noted that about 883 per cent of the particle in the parent material visible at that magnification are analler than $ onun onun size the corresponding values for the samples of atmospheric duar a 30 and 95 per cenu This difference in the two samples of americ dust which we derived from the same parent materiel may have been me to the day station in humidity inside the dust roof XII REVIA OF Oy 557095 R REVIA e e R RE ree Lem nee er 557095 Re During the course of the investigation with Kaylonist Kaylonist live interin reports were issued The first report dated May by diag, ervoatead rans La dea pigs a JUCC04 Final Report -incia 1-30-52 that had been exposed to Kaylc dust for for periods up to findings at that influence on the time suggested that fake fake dust had a course of of a tuberculous infectico in The slightly adverse guinea pigs but that the effect was by no mean as that of quarta as pronounces quat IV IBRACATION IBRACATION EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT WITH ALO ALO DOSI ALO ALOOEE naman interim reports and as a summary for As continuation of the previous this final report a revis revis of the entire program el otn~ In the inhalation experiment ( darensc Laboratory No. j 3 morted 1012 1100 1104 groups of guinea pigs avs and and hair hair hair 8 feet in dimension in which an room was maintained The room was operated atmospheric a cubical dust suspension of Kaylo dust for more than five yours froza February 1945 to June 1950. About 450 andmals were used in the experiment and some of the lived bed bed bed 09% for a LL ig ig * b years A. Conditions of vie ed The atmospheric arc. 012 ot ha de PT Tess es ier ges action of a paddle that rote bed anriderpur anriderpur anriderpur which contained the fen fen locaco In er iy the peace ne dust cloud just room generated there it was maintained for 8 hours in this manner floated usin usin the rson rson of the week and for 4 hrs on Saturd a, on five days At la ce intervals waxinal waxinal o d- ed on Toa during the experiment a grossly and microsconiouzy microsconiouzy microsconiouzy 7-0 dust reaction The tissa was ee tery 2a } also analyzed analyzed analyzed reds vit chemically lawined lawined lawined tie extent of the to estimate the the lungs lungs of animals exposed for definite amount of Kaylo dust retained in lungs periods of time COCC06 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 Dust counts of atmospheric samples collected in the dust room with the . ~ concentration midget impinger were made regularly The of Kaylo dust to which the uninfected animals were exposed was generally generally within the range of 100 to 125 million particlos par cnbic foot of air and the overall average was 115 million In the experiment with infected animals the concentration waswas was higherhighher igher the average being 205 million B. Exposure of uninfected animals Three species - guinee pig rat hamper - were employed in this phase of the investigation 1. cummary of the findings is given in table 2 1 Guines Guines Guines pies pies pies At guine pige wors the beginning placed in the of the experiment 100 uninfected 25 dust room and 0 months later 25 more were added to replace animals that had died in an epidemic of acute pneumonia Since this pneumonia occurred at that time also in animals exposed to another dust in an adjacent room the unfortunate opidoric mas accidental considered accidental Epidemics EpidemicsEpidemics Epidemics of this kind which occurred occasionally in experiments at that time have since been controlled Groups of guinca pigs usually 2 to 4 in numbor were killed at 2 4 6 8 12 18 21 24 27 50 53 and 26 mbathe after the beginning of their exponre to In guinea pigs exposed for periods up to 50 months there was only a mild tissue response to the inhaled Keylo dust andand the reaction was limited to the accumulation of clumps of containing acrophages in groups of adjoining air spaces fig 3 The intervening alveolar walls wore only slightly thickened by accumulated lymphocytes Occasional multinuclopted . 000007 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 giant aells were visible but histiocytes or deposition of there was no excessive proliferation connective tissue A few asbestosis of tissue bodies were seen fig 4 Microscopic study of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes which became enlarged but remained soft revealed clusters of inactive dust cells similar to those in the lungs but without asbestosis bodies It is pertinent to point out here that animals exposed to asbestos dust for a similar months period exhibit a severe tissue reaction with the production of fibrosis fig 5 For comparison a lung section of a normal guinea pig | is shown fig ) The animals exposed to Kaylo dust for more than 30 months 3 animals for 33 months and 6 animals for 36 months showed not only the lesions like a those of the months animals but also exhibited a true fibrosis of type oharacteristic of the response of guinea pigs to inhaled asbestos fibers This reaction is a rather diffuse type of fibrosis which forms principally about the bronchioles the small ducts from which the terminal air spaces or alveoli arise A comparison of fig 7 and fig 5 reveals the similarity of the tissue reaction prodused in the lungs by Kaylo dust and by asbestos dust The lesions in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes showed no change between 50 months and 36 months 2 Bag This species was employed because typical nodular fibrosis produced by inhaled quartz dust develops more rapidly in rats than in animals exposed to of other species Kaylo dust for as Forty rats were used and some of them were long as 18 months Pneumonia was not a problem during the first year of the experiment but among the rats exposed for 13 to 18 months 16 animals died with terminal bronchiolitis and lobular 00CC08 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 pneumonia Since laboratory rats older than exposed to dust are commonly subject to this mortality rate is not considered significant one year even those type of lesion the In order to follow not high the killed in groups of 4 after 6 9 12 was revealed fig 8 that throughout 15 the and 18 months of exposure experiment the reaction to It the dust consisted of focal contained particles and collections in the alveoli of macrophages spicules of dust The only change observed which as the in exposure period became longer was an increase the number of the alveolar The peribronchiolar fibrosis of asbestosis was not discovered though occasion- al asbestosis bodies were observed In view of other fibre experiments with pure asbestos dust typical peribronchiolar fibrosis would not be expected in 18 months , exposure to Kaylo dust 3 Hamsters Twenty hamsters were placed in the dust room and after 3 , 12 and 18 months of exposure 2 animals were killed at each period for study at the months poriod 3 animals that died from other causes were examined Histologio examination revealed that the Kaylo dust accumulated very slowly in the lungs No fibrosis was seen except in one hamster which had been exposed for 18 months In that animal there was a trace of peribronchiolar fibrosis so slight that it could be definitely recognized only at high magnification magnification Asbestosis bodies in small numbers and at the usual sites were present 000039 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 C. Exposure of tuberculous animals There are three types of experiment which are valuable for determining the effect of inhaled dust on the development of tuberculosis in experimental animals In the simultaneous infection experiment normal animals are infected with attenuated tuberole bacilli by the inhalation method and then are immedi- ately transferred to the dust room Thus the tuberculous disease and the reaction to the inhaled dust will develop simultaneously In the reactivation experiment the animals after being infected with the tubercle bacilli are allowed to live in a clean atmosphere for several months before being ex- posed to dust During this period the tuberculous disease generally regresses and some healing takes place Following exposure of the animals to some dusts the lesions may continue to regress or with other dusts the tuberculous process may become active and spread The predisposition experiment is one in which animals are exposed to dust for several months are then infected and are immediately returned to the dust room where their exposure to dust is continued In this way the effect of a previous dust exposure on the early course of a tuberculous infection can be studied For investigating the effect of inhaled Kaylo dust on the course of tuberculous infection a particular attenuated strain of human tuberole bacilli known as the R. strain was employed This strain has a low degree of virulence for guinea pigs and in the normal animal produces a limited disease which will progress for 2 to 3 months and subsequently heal In an animal which has inhaled quartz dust or certain other toxio dusts however the disease usually progresses continuously and ultimately causes the death of the animal Since experience has indicated that tubercle 9 000010 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 bacilli of the R strain have about the same degree of virulence for the guinea pig as tubercle bacilli of the human strain have for man it is possible to obtain some correlation between the influence of various dusts on the R tuberculous infection in guinea pigs and the effect of those dusts on a tuberculous disease in industrial workers For infecting the animals with tuberole bacilli an inhalation technic was used A glass tube was fitted over the animal's nose and into this R tube a suspension containing a known number of bacilli of the strain was sprayed with a DeVilbiss atomi As the animal breathed he inhaled the atmospheric suspension of bacilli into the lungs where they became localized 1 Simultaneous infection guinea pigs infected at the time their exposure to Kaylo dust was started In the first experiment in which animals were infected with tubercle bacilli at the time that their exposure to Kaylo dust was started table 3 25 guinea pigs were used but an epidemic of pneumonia during the first 10 months reduced to 16 the number of animals available for study Two of these died at 14 months apparently from progressive tuberculosis and 2 others died from undetermined causes but not from tuberculosis In the remaining 12 animals the course of the tuberculous disease was followed by killing 1 or 2 animals at 1 6 9 12 16 18 and 24 months after infection In 11 of the 12 animals the lesions were isolated encapsulated and regressing in the remaining animal which was killed at 15 months the lesions were widespread throughout the lung but fibrosis had been produced which indicated a tendency to heal In an attempt to develop a strain of guinea pig resistant to the infection that had caused the pneumonia some of the animals were used for breeding during . 10 000011 Final Report Illinois 1-30-62 this experiment The 2 animals that died from progressive tuberculosis at 14 months and the single animal killed at 15 months that exhibited widespread lesions were all used as breeders during the experiment but 4 other animals in the experiment which were also employed for breeding failed to show extensive disease Owing to the element of uncertainty introduced by this factor of breeding and also because of the high mortality from pneumonia It was considered impossible to establish from this experiment definite conclusions about the effect of inhaled Keylo dust upon tuberculosin and therefore the experiment was repeated The simultaneous infection experiment was conducted a second time table 3 with 30 guinea pigs instead of 25 and animals were killed in pairs for study at 2 4 6 8 12 15 and 24 months after infection Again the incidence of pneumonia was unusually high 6 of the animals dying from that cause during the first & months of exposure and 2 more during the following 16 months, Of the remaining 22 guinea pigs 4 animals revealed at 15 23 and 24 months after infection a spreading tuberculous disease of minimal extent fig 9 which was confirmed by microscopic examination Three other animals so had a spreading tuberculosis but in them the disease had extended to the spleen and other organs These animals were considered ex- ceptional and in the past have been classified as sports The term sport is given to a guinea o in which the inhalation infection with the attenuated bacilli is not confined principally to the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes but extends also to other organs and produces in them tuberculous changes of sufficient extent to be recognized in the groes Since sports represent a departure from the normal pattern of tissue reaction to attenuated 11 000012 Final Report Illinois 1-50-62 tubercle bacilli whether the infection is combined with dust exposure or not those animals must be excluded in assaying the effect of an inhaled dust upon a tuberculous infection It is believed that sporta are animals whose native resistance to the attenuated R organism is unusually iow definitely Support for this belief is given by experience with quarts dust a hazardous material which reactivates an inhalation infection produced by attenuated R bacilli but ordinarily is not associated with tuberculous extension to organs other than the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes The control dusted group table ) of guinea pigs for this experiment was infected at the same time as the experimental group of animals subsequent- ly dusted The same culture of organisms was used for all animals The tuberculous infection followed its usual course in the control group and resolved in all of the animals except one a sport in which the disease | spread Although a progressive tuberculous disease was noted in 4 guinea pigs of the second experiment the degree of extension of the disease in them was slight The remaining 23 animals 8 of which died of intercurrent pneumonia showed no spread and the infection followed the natural course of regression and healing as in the duated control animals It is . believed therefore that the inhaled Kaylo dust had no significantly adverso effect on the tubercules s 2 Reactivation infection guinea pigs after being infected lived * in clean ai ee en for several months before being exposed to Kaylo dust ot ee tO several months aE months months GEE TO AY In the reactivation experiment table 4 26 guinea pigs were infected with the attenuated bacilli and allowed to live in a clean atmosphere Animals 0 12 000013 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 of this group were transferred to the dust room at 2 months 10 animals 4 months 8 animals and 6 months 8 animals after infection In order to follow the course of the tissue reaction a pair of animals of the first group 2 months in clean air was killed after only 2 months of dust exposure and in addition animals from all groups were killed in pairs after 4 8 and 12 months of exposure to the dust Examination of the tissue of the dusted animals failed to reveal a significant reactivation of the tuberculous disease by the inhaled Kaylo dust Only one animal showed evidence of spreading pulmonary tuberculosis minimal in extent fig 10 That animal was 1 of 3 that had lived in clean air for 2 months after in- fection and then had been exposed to the dust for 12 months In the control group table 4 the tuberculous disease behaved in the normal manner and healed with the exception that one animal a sport developed a spreading disease and died from tuberculosis 6 months after infection 3 infection guinea pigs were infected Predisposition a infection infection guinea 7 months after Kaylo their exposure to Man exposure Ta eT dust was started An experiment of this type is a severe test bocanse a dust that is only very slightly toxic may produce tissue changes which though minor in character may be sufficient to alter profoundly the development of a fresh tuberculous infection In this experiment tablo 5 which was designed to study the effect of Kaylo dust accumulated in the lung upon a developing tuberculous disease 30 guinea pigs were exposed to the dust for 3 months and then ware infected with attenuated tuberale bacilli The dust exposure was immediately resumed and carried on for another 21 months 13 000014 " Final Report Illinois 1-50-52 During the course of this experiment 5 animals were killed at the end of the preliminary 3 months dusting period They showed only an occasional clump of infected dust phagocytes animals 7 died within the alveolar spaces from intercurrent pneumonia Or the dusted and which eliminates them for purposes of analysis 1 animal died at 14 months after infection from spreading tuberculosis and the remaining 17 animals were killed in pairs at 2 4 6 8 10 12. ond 16 months and 3 were killed at 21 months after infection Of the latter group of 17 animals 1 showed many spreading tubercles 10 revealed scattered spreading tubercles and 6 exhibited healed tubercles These findings indicate that a tuberculous infection in guinea pigs that originates several months after a prolonged exposure of the animals to Kaylo dust was initiated may be unfavorably influenced by the inhaled dust This influence however is minimal in degree The tuberculous infection in the control animals table 5 in general regressed and healed W the control animals there was as usual 1 sport animal killed 10 months after infection which revealed a few scattered isolated tubercles that vero of the spreading type D. Analysis of tissue of exposed animals Chemical analysis 2. the lunge of unnected gre pigs that had inhaled Kaylo dust for acids up to 36 months yields the data reported in table 6. It will be noted that as the period of exposure became longer the ash values gradually increased thus showing that mineral matter was accumulating in the lung There was a pronounced in roase in the silica component up to about 31 201th then a slight desmase The reason for 000015 Final Report Illinois 1-30-62 this condition which has been observed in experiments with other dusts is not entirely clear but it seems to be due in part to dilution of the inhaled dust with the inorganic components mobilized as a result of the increased tissue reaction which developed as already mentioned in the guinea pigs between 20 and 36 months of exposure to Kayle dust Since only 2 animals were analyzed for each exposure period individual values occasionally were out of line but the general tread was clearly indicated V. REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS FINDINGS The findings derived from the various inhalation experiments will be reviewed briefly and some points of significance mentioned A. Findings for norma primalsinhaliKanylge cust The results of Sinhalation experiment prove that Kaylo dust when inhaled into the luginea luginea luginea pigs for a proicngo period 50 to 36 months is capable of proving the peribronchioler fibrosis fibrosis characteristic of the disease asbestocis No fibrosis was formed by the inhaled dust in rats or in hamsters with the exception that fibrosis was barely recognizable in a single hamster oreand for 18 months In mimle exposed for 30 months or less the lesions shed no fibrosis but certain asprate of the lesions although masked by the reaction to the inert components in Keylo dust were compatible with an early axnge in the development of asbestosis a disease in which there is a predilection of the fibers to localize in the terminal bronchioles This behavior is unlike that of particulate material which is initially deposited chiefly in the alveoli rather than in the lumens of ~ 15 " 000016 Final Report Illinois 1-50-52 the bronchioles Since the major portion of Kaylo dust is particulato a great deal of it lodged in the alveoli and the reaction overshadowed the developing peribronch response to the asbestos iibers of Kaylo It was noted that in the region of the bronchioles of animals which were exposed for less than 30 months there was evidence of more dust cell activity than is usual in the resotion to an in^,rt dust Little significance was attached to this observation at first however because there was no indication of fibrosis The early rection to Kaylo dust is somewhat different from that to asbestos dust since the particulate components modify the type of lesion In silicosis modification of the lesions in a recognized condition which follows the inhulation of a mixed dust containing quartz and certain inert material such me iron oxide The rate of pneumonia among the animals exposed to Kaylo dust was unusually high Since the paeumonia rate has been elevated also in several inhalation experiments conducted conducted with asbestos dust it is possible that the esbestos component of Leylo may have an unfavorable influence on the inciderce of pneumonia Verificator of this possibility must await further study While the neethocUl osition osition presed that Raylo dust in cenable of producing asbest '. results showed that the dust ill not cause silicosis in enimels of three three specios tosted In none of the animals , . even eveneven even thosethosethose those those exposed exposed exposed exposed for for the the the full full full - yearyear yeayrear period period period period was there any focus of the hyaling hyaling nodular fibres characteristic of sulicosis A study of the cxposed animals disclosed also a Kaylo dust did not produce the diffuse fibrosis which follows the nana of diatomaceous earch In regard to the hydrated 27 15- 000017 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 calcium silicate which is the major constituent of Kaylo it may be said that although there is to specific information about the effect of that compound on pulmonary tissue there is much clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that it is biologically inert Furthermore in the inhalation experiment with Kaylo dust there was no deleterious effect noted which could be attributed to the calcium silicate component of the inhaled material This observation is supported by our studier concerning similar calcium silicates in cement B. Findings for tuberculous animals inhaling haylo dust The inhalation experiments in which tuberculous guinea pigs were exposed to Kaylo dues indicate that when the animals were infected with attenuated tubercle bacilli at the time exposure to the dust was started or were infected price to that tizo the mahalo mahalo Aric must had little ar no unfavorable effect of significance on the tuberousous infection In most of the exposed is the tuberculous disease healed in a normal manner and in the few ammals ammals that exhibited a spreading type of lesion . the aggravation of the disease by the dust was minimal When the animals naled Kaylo dust for several months before being infected the subsequent accumulation of the dusts in the lungs seemed to have a slightly unfavorable influence on the usual course of the tuberculous disease V1 SUMMARY e A. Kaylo dust when inhaled for a prolonged period is capable of producing = 17 000018 Final Report \ Illinois 1-30-52 the lungs of guinea pigs but not of rats the peribronchiolar fibrosis typical of asbestosis B. The inhalation of Jaylo dust will not cause in guinea pigs rats or hamsters either silicosis or the diffuse fibrosis which sometimes follows the inhalation of diatomaceous earth C. The inhalation of Kaylo dust does not significantly influence the usual course of tuberculosis in guinea pigs infected with attenuated tubercle bacilli provided the infection is given to the animals before they are first exposed to the dust In guinea pigs that have inhaled Kaylo dust for several months before being infected a continuation of the exposure to have a slightly unfavorable effect on the disease appears 000019 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 Table 1 ' ANALYSIS OF KAYLO Analysis of lot # received in January 1947 Chemical analysis 5:02 Fe2O3 A3203 A3203 1202 MnQ CaO MgO Na 850 loss below 105 above 105 43.80 1.69 1.69 1.97 0.12 0.09 24.94 7.10 0.17 0.15 4.52 16.19 99.74 99.74 Petrographic and Aray diffraction analysis The material consisten principally of clay maSSOG which produced a Cefinite ray diffraction pattern presumably that of a hydrous calcium silicate Quartz particles up to 30 microns in size were present but they wore not numerous and by weight probably probably made up less than 1 per cent of the sample About 5 per cent of the material was calcite and approximately 15 to 20 per cent was chrysotile or serpentine which was largely fibrous The fibers and bundles prosent were usually several millimeters in length and were seldom shorter than 0.3 millimeter 000020 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 Table 2 SUMMARY OF INHALATION EXPERIMENT WITH KAYLO DUST of Uninfected Animals o Exeposure Nature of Experiment Animals used Maximum duration of exposure to Xaylo dust Results 125 | 8. pags Uninfected animals i exposed continuously . to Kaylo dust until 3; death ' ' i _ 40 rats 20 hamsters months 38 18 18 Peribronchiolar fibrosis like that of asbestosis produced after 36 months of exposure At 30 months of exposure reaction was limited to accumulation of clumps of containing macrophages without fibrosis A few asbestosis bodies were seen Tracheobronchial lymph nodes became enlarged but remained soft and without fibrosis Focal collections of dust- | containing macrophages in the containing |; alveoll and in the tracheobronchial lyraph nodes Increase in number or focal collections was the only change observed as exposure period became longer No sal~-ncais or asbestosis Dust accuminted very slowly to fibrosis except in ane animal which shomad vary slight fibrous rection siter 18 months of exposure be hooies in small numbers and at usual sates a ome 000021 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 Table 3 SUMMARY OF INHALATION EXPERIMENT WITH KAYIO DUST of Infected Animals Exposure Simultaneous infection phase Nature of experiment Animas used Maximum duration of exposure to Keylo | dust Keylo Months Results Animals infected with tubercle bacilli at beginning of exposure to Kaylo dust 25 Co pige Controls to 25 infection no 8. pige exposure to dust 1 Animals infected with tubercle bacilli at 1 beginning of | exposure to , Kaylo dust Repetition of previous experi-: ment ) nae SO 8. pigs Controls to infection no exposure to dust 36 6. pigs 24 , 24 | | me ro 0 | | Results inconclusive adverse influence of Kaylo dust on a tuberculous infection not defi- nitely established established Progressive disease in 3 animals that had been used as breeders Infection followed usual course no spreading disease No pneumonie Lattle or no significantly | adverse effect of inhaled Kaylo | must on e tuberculous infection | was demonstrated Confirmed | spreads all of slight degree in 4 or 27 exposed animals the { other 5 xposed animals were " a eee cet nan ee na ( infection fc med usual cot no spreading disease except aa) sport i memmane ea green The guinea pigs were infected virulent R strain . withwith tubercle bocil.. of tho 00CC22 Table 4 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 SUMMARY OF INHALATION EXPERIMENT WITH KAYLO DUST Exposure of Infected Animals Reactivation phase Nature of experiment Animals used J Maximum duration of exposure to Kaylo dust months Animals infected with tubercle . bacilli and then left in olean air for the following | periods before being exposed to { dust 2 months 10 12 6. pigs | 4 months | 8 12 6 months C 12 i Controls to 34 0 infection no exposure to dust Results No definite evidence of reactivation of the tuberculous infection except exposed to Keylo months that had of the di90880 in 1 animal dust for 12 a slight spread No definite evidence of reactivation No definite ovidence of reactivation . Infection followed its usual course and resolved in all animals except one a sport in which the disease spread to othes eight and caused the death " the animal 6 months after infection ae me Km ne The.guinea The.guinea pigs were infected with tubercle bacilli of the virulent R1 Strain 000023 Final Report Illinois 1-30-62 Table 5 SUMMARY OF INHALATION EXPERIMENT WITH KAYLO DIST of Animals That Were Infected 5 Months After Their Exposure Exposure to Kavlo Dust Was Started Nature of experiment Animals used Fs Marimum duration of exposure i to Kaylo ' ! dust Ee ed | months i Results Animals 1 exposed to | : Kaylo dust for 3 months then infected with tubercle bacilli and the exposure to dust continued 30 6. gs 1 3 i ' Spreading disease in 1 before infect , animal killed 2 months after infection and in 2 animals 1 plus | dying 14 months after infection EA 21 after infect Fo t { \ s a EE eae Controls to - 25 | & infection pigs | no exposure to dust \ i : 4 infection followed its usual course and resolved with the exception that 1 animal killed . 10 months after infection showed scattered isolated spreading spreading tubercles The guinea pigs were infected with tubercle bacilli of the virulent Ny strein strein 000024 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 0 C25 Table 6 ANALYSES OF LUNGS OF UNINFECTED GUINEA PIGS EXPOSED TO DUST IN INHALATION EXPERIMENT WITH KAYLO DUST Exposure of animni to dust was continuous unvil Cout Period of exposure b dust months Amount of ash % of dried tissue 2i 3 1 18 18 21 24 27 0 3 48 i % BL % % % % % 32 % . %%% | 4.42 2.47 4.33 4,68 4.58 4.86 4,88 6.12 5.02 5.13 5.02 5.70 5.53 6.06 4.42 3,74 4.04 4.81 4.99 4.50 5.23 4.71 4.78 6.53 6.38 6.36 5.43 Mineral components % of dried tissue Minoral components % of ash S10 ---- --- Mgo S102 CaO Mgo 0.14 0.22 0.26 0.81 0.46 0.63 0.19 0.04 0.28 0.02 1,20 0,27 2.85 ' 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.28 0.11 0.51 0.86 0.54 0.60 0.46 1.12 0.39 3.87 0,54 | 0.03 0.09 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.10 0,13 0,14 0,14 0.13 0.16 | 0.06 0.08 0.30 0.11 0.11 0.18 0.10 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.33 0.42 0.11 | 0.16 0,07 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.21 0.22 0.28 0,11 0,06 0.19 0.05 21 0.19 0,08 0,08 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.08 3.82 0.08 0.08 0.16 0,05 0.17 0.17 0,15 6.67 4.87 5,83 8.34 10.12 10.80 12.27 12.64 12,70 16.93 19.56 17.10 15.10 4.06 4.42 5.36 6.49 8.42 10.25 17.65 10.30 12.52 9.55 20.25 11.00 12.45 . 9.92 1.85 1.99 2.00 2.75 3.04 2,80 1.83 3.68 2.54 2.67 2.56 2.25 2.89 1.23 1.89 2.68 2.43 2.20 3.17 2.06 2.90 2.92 2.41 2.28 2.26 2.11 2.86 1,59 1.99 2.00 1.77 4,30 4,65 5.31 2.03 1.20 3.76 0.92 3.77 3,28 1.62 1.89 2,19 2.48 3.02 1.80 6.56 1.45 1.72 3.08 0.91 3.25 3.17 Final Report Illinois 1-30-52 Principal chrysotile line . , Principal quartz line a Principal calcite lino a, bo Ile line sc RAY DIFI \ OM a ik nS ylo dun Latas Latas Latas Latas conta of chry 14 _d of ost wake Bloch A - lines grat 01 72 compos re the 07 . of pat ; bik to amondbe by The line 0 Som no The quar content wis. and by path about about whe ke Wate amount on 58 Faint { 1 + silicate mks addition ak .ias corresponding Eeproduced pattern > - than 1 per cent 0DCC26 bee Report Illinois 1-50-52 ; Fig 3. Lung wi- inhalation and th above and sligat are alveoll Not to the right uo. t nucleated giant is virtually sal of a normal guito field and is reve Fig 4. Hign mag higher magniin of asbestosis body center 5200 X Fig 5. Lung Tiss asbestos dust by 1 micrograph is j s of its walls S this bronchioles a 19a pig rose of cen '. ses wi 15. These, The thing 1 arent on "Ye An a 4 at higi the tiss f the fie curved ela ea pig ex ^/ then ki > the lof Jus tissu the adjac : Kaylo dust by s shown just other spaces - spaces especially and multi- bronchicle it Gaue section at in this JX JX 2. 3. This . typical form 1 <7* right of * . King's floute In this photo thickening The wall of 20X 20X Fig 6. Lung one in crose The small ass nal section thickness OF empty alvocia Fig 7. Lung inhalation an above and to the lumen of 1 parison with greatly thick for 30 monta dust for 5G D. bronchiole an are less denu ~ extended to 8 Fig 8 Lung and then kill alveoli The that the oliver are thin and a the lu ar wall Malls or ar to As of Le, st aph but the righ alls 1 -- -- --..-- -- ograph cells i bose of ~ 4 two branchioles ongitudinal section mole in longitudi- Pioles with the lote also the . 200 X . Kaylo dust by Hole is just ssue between { soli in com- wi) also that the 1. asbestos dust exposed to Kaylo 1. near the _ because they . brosis has wet by inhalation . on of cells in e of dust Note yous dust cells Fig 5 and im i.e killed 2. :- - preparat i). of dark << t right ( 60 + distribute : to the 27 ' , ly small Fig 10 1 and leit oo X oo inhalation ... quadrant . smaller : lobe AFT oa soa , oe aah, 43 i of * mere . the ; P 7 is Me Bur - 8 07 i sible . exten Fig 11 months i . abot for en w irregular irregular wd tubercula i . - in any a in compel mt. under air m have died WillM |. functionin~fl vhs . a . : , ' . 3 pig 7 UAT kill A kill 099 0 1037 5xpr an whi ot all infect L .000C30 .000C30 ansrele bacilli . ths and then Poutine histologic 30 The cluster Lobe and at the 218. The widely- and are unrelated on to be exceeding -4 tubercle bacilli , to Kaylo dust by on the left upper uberculosis A ~ Ie ft cephalic ess is very Inhalation for 3 ased to the dust Pefined dark zones Alous dis0280 Tho * extensive noted rsiatively slight sold to quartz dust to quartz dust would wplete wplete loss of * . 25 a+ 4 . _ vee . we BG , Inlan Inlan Inlan ae L ey .1 7, Toledo Toledo L 5 , Division Company Company H dae 3 Kaylon Kaylon Glee ort Ges te Mo, Coeur Fes for din Shook t > oF * files ihn? a ** Concerning Concerning g We the copy ace as we are . * whow that Laylo dust bye 1a TEN Infl typewiles Fa he * a aut | en The dust hed caub@tw dade : nh rns ng cat oe oe ; brosis isk unfavorable ie. rapolation : 1.88 mes o Ved st ots ; 418075 2175 oto, 1 tag hould be Sabet % eh ee tO ** lk a i ake EherefEoherefrore e, thbfi * ob be direc croetn ation bent bent of atmoaphotie etation etation ber .59 1 concerning Keats WEP bots TA 3 kad augially etation etation etation etation P Ou Bea Survey = Cem _ this re- oF aw cho this a Asso Thee wt pert b, h ch i 2047 * 1 a vda vda the in epette PO ca ( Final 8571 > ***** bof, uo releasma ; uk Rose os Corny RS * in combing- lele doing so ... te 5 et cium silicate OF kes se . corey will be safe- Bjar ed we 1 to you or comment a aan @ thaie 3 | a geo Ade uT Final ; MB @gros y thes > aetoay. 2.) 4 \ ! 1 wet hn and others 7 az: TThhee privilege ** up the study odor Ad mt snd stim- ne . as a : Industriale Industriale Industriale OwenT s il Toledo 5, 1. auinvision lassCompany Analys at the nine samples of * plant and fue 182 oo) oo the Bayrer " ersy W gta te TB eek als January has to st lend lend lend lend report Doctor to Tada tbe me to an ou lae of #ksi our fimil 18 #ksi note that the up of emosite Sobu wheel wheel wheel wheel and the aber me collectedcollected to near the #ber v, entain consforse quarbr This thefied to to as you will ressant Gos red red also in the exapla collected at the elle elle la year BO ZeoryaZenoryang gZeoryang ylation ylation ylation of soe rein ained ae sy tus ** 1 ets 4 ogee) ogcaet with ac78 ac78 ac78 126 08 on core of tider tider just ** * the 708-2 708-2 gcc et had replaced 806 8169a de Yt Tese boo erik erik erik am We LL 07.28 07.28 HUCE X F Tuag the dade, tt e free-- SPARE awh G2 e should be lo f Dire Yeowye of gedat, Me HT mw ruse Go whe po. Doge ge 120 POUR MORIA : ** Tae fie the 1% stead Ror aw! f Sincerey 3 *** te 139 3 et, bolts Boe os 2 wd amas < Therias 3te 6, was 21 fb. Ua at PLAINTIFF'S tet PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFFP'SLAINTIFF'S 1 4 PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S EXABIT EXABIT we. EXABIT EXABIT yak? g er tg ol a %n ? 5.10 oe og, Rau! S Bf gn oe A RS \ 7sf 23 Shite 6 ae 000055 Dr.Dr. a OF DUST AND O ZA K k. ] LS LS LS LSLS LS LS ] LS LS GLASS COMPANY The in latiyy coho from the biglue phous i. on ville New Jersey we active at The Sarene aberplay aberplay 18 1952 . Samples 2 m sesr er^ se^ r^ dust it arautea fiberizer.2 / hrs of Prember Or cB Mishing lineturver lineturve lineturver position position 7 4-5 hrs 1951 on November 15 1951 * * finishlar M52 aaa .f' s position 3 teks an hovember 16 L Lo by by whers only only u's .d wore being routed >) epipe epipe coverings uker 1 1950 10 cx^'s. Ca November 19-20 dautiaos wbt our being loaded with woof tile 183 183 183 183 1951 4 hrs of Dicots saa trial 2. P Od atonal. Sap. Nat Nat a saa . * Ne sade gy Ell Ell . yy 4 The malstis oo ee 3 17 BBMDLee kaiva dust collected i bi, Ulter pire about 40 subic 4 2 ix per minute kaiva kaivakaiva is atmospheric 68 68 + 68 * fan that drew in Fe Yrs vethow macle. 48 collected was shaken off the MWe be - this weight the concen- Not was culat . 000056 Illinois 2 March 11 1952 Estisu of DustConcentrationCont'd . Sample number Weight of de shuts, oS filter grens Sampling time hours Volume of air aap ze feet Approximate con lar of dust ng per cili cili cili cili ab 203 203 2.3 2.3 5600 QaZ 2 1387 3 6.8 4 1.7 vie 3 12000 = 7200 3 6.9 10.3 24800 0.07 5 9.2 . h 9600 1.0 It should be wted thet, owing to several possible errors the values for the agit. os iden of dust sat sat oeregarded as only approxi- mate 48 " be calculsiis on the weight of dust shaken off the filter treg neglecting the smell sunt retained by the fibers of the L ee: smmer wos bo crodee: oo Us the quantity of . air tested may tiave did somewhat from the assumed value of 40 cubic fest per nimate 7/000057 Illinois 3 March 11 1952 Composition of Bumples of Dust sad Other Vaterials Vaterials _ The composition of the various samples based upon petrographic examination sappiezented when necesary by chonical analysis end ray diffraction examination examination is as follows - Sample number * 2 3 4 7 S Quarts Amosite Kaylo Carbonates Limonite Hematite Hematite Opaque Starch Glue ? Chlorite 22 7175 7175 te < 24 trace trass trace 69 % traca 55-65 20-30 ~~ - _ ~ trace 2-4 trace 70-80 10--20 wt trees trees ee wane traci 1-2 2-4 58 5-10 70-80 10-20 50-60 15-25 _ 2 trace _ 1177 1177 1177 1177 18 trnce trace Sample number 6 Quartz Amosita Chrysotile Kaylo Carbonates Limonite Limonite Hematite Opaque Starch Glue ? Chlorite 23 74-75 74-75 sae er tt trace trace 2-5 1600 vo taice oe esa % < 9 177 6mti 5-16 5-16 50-60 10-20 trace ee trace owe: es traer 4-815 3.63 2-4 70-80 10-20 trace sewn trace - trice 2-43 2-4 5-15 70-80 5-10 _ trace trace trace 1 000058 Illinois 19 Comment March 11 1952 The values of 22 uci 23 per cent for the quarts content of atmospheric asbestos dus at the respectively are in sustantial values of 19 und 21 per cent for fiberizer and of bulk amosite agreement with the corresponding similar samples collected at the Sayreville plant on January 30 1951 After treating the samples chemically to remove the fibrous components it was noted that the quartz particles were mostly less than 5 microns in size with particles occasionally up to 30 microns and rarely up to 50 microns in diameter Present also were splinters of quartz some being 100 microns long and 10 microns wice which evidently represented a replacement of the mice fibere qy quarus Granary petrographic exaudretion of as untreated samples will not reveal the bulk of the quarts piesery and for e quatitative estimate ray diffraction analyals or cusical treatment should be employed in determining the amount of asbestos in the samples chemical petrographic aua y Liffraction procedures were utilized . The F0203 iron content of tue bua. sample of it reported as vas 57.9 per cast omc by repering hd valu iid the percentage Fug of Fug for a diven nie an envirote envirote in test saayl cold to it It should ke en of emosite re B ... ...the bulk sample of aorta cup tue about 1/3 per tens sinc e 23 per cent me queres ooo e contenia als seis pmsent The determination of th chiile rompet reed reed en petro- graphic stray Practic Practic eri or bota The lines of the diffracti ceteats of chryscale are work and quentitative values for ate wm ri trined bg type ) ' rection method are wore or les sarees le TMD 39 bie Bee &. D Lin M.E. OWENS ILLINOIS ILLINOIS GLASS COMPANY GENE of. OFFICES HOLZSDO 1,080 1,080 } April 8 1952 . Mr. Thomas M. Durkan The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Tom Attached is samples from our our check o 29544 covering Sayrill Sayrill New Jersey Jersey plant the analysis of . nine dust for letter of Mirth 11 and the report giving the Thank you your values of 22 and 23 results of your Laboratory work Certainly the of asbestos dus at the fierizer and of bulk for the quartz contenu reported on May 29 1951 amosite agree closely with he determinations you check on the You will recall these recent determinations determinations were made as a earlier analyses , cumbent of ash od has quite bewildering to the This high que interested that technical people in our Kayo Division They were so ran chemical jebrograpine and s pay decorms decorms on the portion they Our General Researcn Division of sample No. 2 tea e ou earned earned to te. describes whear it it as lows The act w i Sasbestos Sasbestos in a silica suructure this reason chemical Sasbestos a Sever Ean wag to result of skeleton being left behind For nethous for estimating free silica in asbestos are open to y estion We empicy percentage silica that ce dire , chemic pethod we determined the Wo few repo MgO and S107 Then the amount of corio be combined with the iron and agnesia in the ratio of ratio is the el MgO to Sio of 8 was corouted This ocet for Amosive The excess of silica present over that to was considned considned to which was accounted for by the 8 be . . rtz This value was found to ratio be 9.3 Independent ovr petsegrapher petsegrapher ported the quatiz quatiz conteni to be ca our ray tecnician tecnician cs what unun 10 u re- By contrast ve. fee Alica content content by the roliuosilicic Acid Wethou shred wd dust samle ( 6 26 ou. ain 28.9 and a sarpanscahrpanch sit from thi boratory 9 ji. We believe these values to high for the sons in carlier Tage ffs BP Sai PAR dye 00CC53 ILLINOIS GLASS CU 74a X Mr. Thomas M. Dark~-n 2 April 8 1952 diffraction The ray matho was by ray diffraction recorded and measured ot holographic 24 at the quartz lines Recently the industrialindustrial nygiene unit of the Incana State Board of Health under the direction direction of Louis W. Spoljar Spoljar Wing some dust counts in our IndisralantInsdisraIlntsndisralants and I visited their me io. ai oratory in Indianap- olis impressive They have an layout equipment impressive with some some some very very very fine They offered to run on their ray spectrophotome er i < 6 6 2 leiger counter any samples that we might have I took them up incisely incisely and sent them a portion of the same sample No. 1 that your laboratory laboratory worked on Dr. Spolyar's laboratory said they found b.d free silica Howard Busted who did the work seemed to me quite prodcient in the vre da cho strument and fair- ly well experienced Do you have a; juca why there should b this is repancy in the re- sults We are still eo much at sea as we we e whole alked with you last fall Our Kaylo Kaylo would a 20 quartz contert eople wo as amite amite are interes vo clause one would think VarXiste . wey off od, ed 1 Leu composition laboratory Our researchlaboratory contain 12.9 asbests also analyzed Das Calls Wetland tile content that you found sample vo "' the te. ray ham, and found it to site and chryso- The asbestos rrs..e Ww the loading of concentrations boi and cam with rod LO his sam which etliwdelss Laylo roof he 25 . eae a OS ela conditions auring Lecause the dust se 50 wha, Ibabies Ibabies ad cubic foot Any comments you & uuy) on the above would be very much appreciated Personal e W.G.Hazard W.G.Hazard Sincerely yours yours W W p cf &. Sars 4 f og RIVISION RIVISION INDISTAL INDISTAL INDISTAL RIVISIONRIVISION RIVISION RIVISION RIVISION 009054 Hay 9 1952 FROM _ SAYREVILLE NEW JERSEY PLANT OF OWENS ILLIK FLASS COMPANY The material analyzed was bulk amsite meat from the Sayreville Plant and received at The Same Jaborator Jaborator Jaborator 18 1952. The material was a portion of sargi go see report of cimaytas by The Saranac Laboratory dated March 11 1952 for which the quartz contest was reported as 23 per cent Fur the postaw kamkyni who Ibers of umple umple were cut into short pieces with severe and then mixed by grinding in a bar In order to preserve some of the fibrous structure for demonstration purposes only a limited amount amount amount amount amount amount amount suai toe aterial was not uniformly mir mir mir mir mir mir L. chark as closely as analysts of waterial waterial waterial The analyses were made in duplicate by our standard phosphoric acid method maing adorberarent adorberarent adorberarent adorberarent spe atest aphic and ray diffraction Gattiwibias ww Ki in in cekuus worn as follows ee B. ; BR. 4 a Al tite wate' fegeadd Seva * 204 @ opti Auke Ube for lysis Ree ocfue oot, Per i eo hares Sue of ame, * combined Sf. AYI B) MA BE dt cash at See tte teat a Tar) Soe 0.245 0.245 0.1555 Oe cab tae hat, Oa 21 aoe me ye g 27,208 0.22450.2245 0.1404 20.02 ri He ' ' 1966 0.6 20.2 the he iu Ve 15 mas od And that the quarts content OF the ka heh 1. sple & and about 98 per quit M cally cally ee ole, e of sample A showed that wo a hk Yuters Yuters suus 2 te UT Ys = 98.4 per cent and that fla eee at was Ou Ou a toa 1440 per cent The residus me eS K a eT RY Jompany for their PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Kirstein . . 1 OSawyerenv1 ille stay an 153 |afta 7 wipe fur 9 1952 Sepag data deta ca catent B revealed that thi &urts picture and cent A print of that ray for print of the standard gaur petion petion of Gas Bok wi ofthat realine diffraction pattern are a part of hoe idne of sample is close to 100 par , for comparisona thisreport The por ... 28 alica qu are 9 by the treatment depos 1 astrorage tee of the p deus astrorage per cent A and B the he was ... to... be bom...^'per chemical for samples The b eS 0 fon ses may be BRI ed 6 KOLLOWS skille ee Saue of the baite scupped to the skille A 4 Thanac Thanac Luburatoly 2k owianiy 1252 er ooece rt 4a gs rtar From KS Lact Y ' fac. lablae bellal bel ^ sasi by were e f .. .. 6377 2 a weet 10 Peep of MA oe dlguge Gig atwy. mech Time Ba a4 > J we Fak ay oar rar +. wea peestoagiy dt A. noite noite hire PSE PB ada COy GaedeUe got TELsa S 3 215 ep ep { + 1 { meee of ample 19 ep and ample detdet 19 dl Saw at we cate FP hy a sa saree sine ed har ?? P757 rav rav $ d : * 1 Cota > t ce 1 1 . rn) tee ak 4 gee A wept ' - Gat. } 97 Be * ty rr Serr 4 ondgt -. waht Doe it ay Po > taht hd ea t , - 1 Soao Re a Booty Se ee, ' 36 ce yb tA . /< 2 F Fb Cpe bun Loth ca Sd ota Pua ate i Lona ra eee Sree will Re be ott le Dl cede F to wt d wen T a Bi te , dog wise Tad be oo the: cS a 1s wee & * vt teh 4 my <., ti tadiae * ge ioe ah estes Boyt 2 Bay. A Beas Y. s # 517517 315 " d hase *** t Se i Lataha iths iths word Geer: a , ass au in most oo an bas Form i leae * Be leae 4 so gr ON gear cer te e, * ~ A deat ee SES 5-7 ATE VABX79 + omatl wo tha Seer wy hehh. Able to check 197 ed a Os Oe eks Shey88 Shey88 Shey88 ) . 3 ge Atty Blab 7 wetted th and ag ge 1 OME At atte fecal Ob PEER ae -- be td ubhebt thle phe Pye Skobae EERE a tal ey. ded TE ail We habs 1S MEARE ob ttt, seth cm aa fon ** me pi ety, ads * t, ws 4: I ' nee ad th Fg soe te aed May 10 1952 Kr Willim 0. Inard Industrial Relatan Olvsree Illinois agaS . eq General Offices Toledo 1 Ohio Dear Bills Since resolvi yr Letter of j^,ril8 in ob you mentioned weite race for the quur cwvenrbearcs Panosit^' Panosit^'as reported differences weite Spolyland Spolyland Spolyland by The Saranac by your inbox 2 ever Spolyland of the bulk mosite to Laboratory we de bienalyning bienalyning bienalyning bienalyning napise in the value determine wh er sat there was a mibstantial error which of 25 pul ombates ombates ombates Our report of duplicate analyses have just becompleted becompleted is nolosed The alightly lower values obtain- 22.0 per vert aza 20. par ould ould easily be accounted for by uniform sampling I ad it difficult to believe however that variations 2 GR % words be red red roupa e a reduction to 9.8 pour un * * NBalee Be Gaui uu your letter Of co Khe REY A Bulle ned wt fuse nus bulk material mapanario but our pro ek ke tow, mapanario qu^ tau the fiberi er fiberi er and bulk VAD b48 b48 b48 b48 b48 bmi bmi wa During war dikon were attack by of emosive or ba identi fen: oa: chance .c&@ ort dikon ubi ubi ubi yako cinc coati coati coati coati coati the Levine oem me Got yako you that we quartz from a we stay seen and See , ome ese, dune mbing mbing the | her tb LN solating the qu * ed from onery At sg J" MTN Ta ack roam at defer , era Tat , we have recoverthu thu ae, 0,1404 grams of a 112 112 112 112 113 * 0,1556 gr^ of sample was NBA 11 Balti Phe ae yo gram of data 13 ha ' de rg pa thas. Research * *** ** t t v5 mart of the 0.1404 ra de surd it to your ee mmctionmmction examina- tion on th 7 Sow yp ow tye beaks Use d content is close @ 00 Ty tg reportart .) og 6 he eae, Foe oe re re tna march Division - partners partners 1 The wil a ok ob) 1 gane ...8 /wal wal structure Fiat toe +, * se 000047 000047 a ix OF at 4 AG whe: a a we a ER ideeUUM 4 aig). ag Mr. William 3 teow May 10 1952 shund shund ** ofut industrial sample sample by Alepo pograp Se mastbu * crplag is capable of yield m.pa putt we its in the eruptic eruptic nathod alone or the Ser 21 21 861th 861th 18 Eager 2 aarti ws atat atat food food food Gian wis ale luion of Us the ires 22 National National w dt os ., an os brous brous error In the ca that all o cle yr * Jyon 1 in the your belo spid va > cy .pl it was assumed | } ete ete although pou ,obs ^ diov^ diov a " . obok oy wa be teri ai Bird Bird was present 3 Petrogripa Petrogripa " an a Einoz mor rr anole foals nes woodosd 61 bt 1147 1147 the the the port -- zi: terse will reveal only terse of the sample-- because vas wh OR te are on sa wa Be 10 visible visible 4 We have a 2 glasilit glasilit glasilit " a a not employ it ady by lotto 1 Mud omber on # ... or * lable results 5 It t 4 Ter uty the rey offfrection offfrection aco rece de in your 9 Laboratory and in octor Salv ae prodused prodused such low amyyd amyyd tavu 5294 te ek for the los 7 2 If pdx5p7 dx57 pdx57 ab ke ours was 1517 nw a rectise try radia- otter tt UL ae ou . uh 1 be responsible Brit ie co ? .cr seat seat because the tus XX 2 12 rav as 24 te of this ' BGs: of Be in light wa 11x65 Laborato08 ye 2k te ete ea i de thi ar ae, 1 7 wed be apie discrep oy. gan me oo cine. car wi W row some xv ow d by the three he os arc for the Wich nue spe as to ~ ny aly tek ly TMD je Enc 000048 . - Klay 9 1952 ey eOeF AMALISIS AMALISIS OF A TRAH SAYREVILLE MEN a8 ER LANT OF JADE LASS COMPANY The materialunlobalk unlobalk unlobalk paiva ders Cook s the Sayreville Plant The and received at Saboratory Saboratory Saboratory Saboratory 13 , 1962. The material was a portion of wena. yu Cie wep 0 lL 2. 7 The Saranac Labora tary dated March 13 1542 for which the quaranta quaranta quaranta quaranta reported as 23 per cent Fo Gbts pruksw. os Hang be webe webe wl wa ona put put put into short pieces with an the mixed by in a mortar In order to scisstohre grinding preserve moths of Naves intronte e dacalon preses preses only a the limited at , * 83.e 168 bus owas Sort rial was not wriforminy riohwa gad wD a ek I awe es closely as analyses of w etre 1 ail The analyses tre sole in duplicate by ar standard phosphoric acid method wing = Get ul: , ecpeduplicate el oo s and ray diffraction Getscuyelec: wo Wud excing sah cathe wee ass Inllows a es * * ti = Per re vat ami Spa 4 7 8 a bee 11 ae " Gauge iule N z eo rr : ttt Analy ei 1 Wo athire SQ. een VEEL Leah EG 8 eon, | ~ 2 Aedes 0.2343 0.15505.1555 0225 . owv e e 22.201 22.201 22.201 2.2245 0.1404 0.1404 9.077 Weak on Mash 20.02 1966 20.2) . PL From lag showed the cues FL AML Scaife ye hat that the quarts content aw KUS 88 J. oe he 98.4 per examina Illini Cy Sayrevilla die: ASE, i P " " "fl " May 9 1952 Xon XoXon nXon Xon bB p Tea cent & pin * print ct'ha #to wo 4. barosf vel bi love to 100 per a thatthat ni wit wit ye bars rr aht love i love a love -ge ... A comparison & oy ofs report alica lived Tho para parapara van , lke gay cae page page page page ( lived by by the thadeal page is is is isi iss for samples ; A anBd the thet 4 teat pageYoox a ut yi bee Tra ae URS, aed Zod ay . Bb tt, eelag, The a fi do 1. wd hgh eS Ba, dob el BeDP a asd Ad NS redo thh P. ~ atek Bee D BLadpaiaah wa Da 1 SAE ws ae eens) * this Piz a. ** we i. LMS LAAN At. ry 1992 in a master Pen tthishis ibreibre ba 'PXX tree 9 PXX sumed at at at at at for 24 th 2 8a, , ast boat eres a 161 . uy alt so es 1761 1761 eck) e 45 a cae as ss vay : ue aol a ry je 17 17 Le ae. Atl 3157057 (ee * bes AOI Sweats tar) wim was dt Bw Nolte. we, iebtatl a rn 3157057 3157057 3157057 3157057 11 oe * 3.4 0 92 92 My # My My # stated statedstated stated stated sstattead ted uyis Ictim aerade rade and Ictim Ictim ory 4 ye re 4 , waned $ ude abe 4 a, aL 3 * fae sat, 1 ... Re re im 99145 99145 99145 on wet + ct Ye Sats a. 1 o# he Bbc PE et gk Faas ae tet 1 Co a WRITT bog } bead cht At , L fl ase .. a cory . te - to # 7 A More oP, a Te 2 aod pe fo + . 7 ae OAR . " . " re 009650 acare hipetge eH Ee edd, wee 1 wp Per PPer er Per hog Per hed PE Bes atthe ds KGKS GKSGS KKG GS S OUR NG ob Se Mess Tadd abo pe lpad a he * Ty ' yaaplenenie 2 vss " nn " ae b .2 wordy goes BBA EL fe gel fe Eee Aya vy wt he ~ ae CO 1. y ia / Boe oe N e eis Od 5 A vat Pa 4 . hor tas eC aR AS. Galea cad , Fx fraible ache t 5 eet. eB at eh cC 1 } Oe ;. set Wy es 1710 1710 wo . . 000051 2? stion abome of partn deow ction pat at 6. Si resides of sample B. more Comparisons Comparisons au) iin , which we pr^ awith the e same ray tube and oes tal with nearly the uae, indicates that the grant grant of the back me residus is naar 100 par cont pat emets gadis chloride For implied ce as pattemets pattemets pattemets pattemets pattemets pattemets alme and of the old sent deal deal Wisedsacaeh. quantitative results are sent sent sent standard often is nddad to each mur based based based based based to the Katy Tage, 000052 OWENSHINOS OWENSHINOS OWENSHINOS GLASS OOMPANY 34 Po OFFICES TOLEDO 10 al? & May 12 1952 Mr. Thomas K. Dic . The Saranac laba ig Saranac Lake New York Dear Tom Yourrepay of May 10hahsas has has investigation of gone into wu. repay repay 3, together with your interesting letter just just just arrival You have certainlycertainly made a complete this mystery we appreciate the time that's We are being oie material to our General Research Division for their comments and investigation We will let you know what develops It was go : pee yuu 1. Cincinnati again Sincerely Sincerely ou W.G.Hazard W.G.Hazard INDUSTRIALLATION INDUSTRIALLATION INDUSTRIALLATION DIVISION DIVISION PLACE'S VirsteinEXHIBIT VirsteinVirstein146g 000046 000046 as WENS LIBBEY GLASS INDIa LANT * STREET M- e Lo , Dr. G. W. H. Schepers .D The Saranac Zabosatory 7 Church Street Saranac Lake New York D.Sc. Tir -t- > Dear Doctor In accordance with directions of Dr. ucte3s. Medical Director of Illinois Tlige 24, wa Shook | sending uncer seperate cover the autopsy speciman Lungs of Lee Bryston an aployee of the libbey Glass Division of Illinois who died July 8 1956 his deat certificate states he had Silicosis and Tus A form furnished by your Laboratory as been filled out and is encloseda The 19 the pathoisis I it eed. has not y aya fox will be forwarded as stun as received ho donation donation be requested we ul attempt to obman it for you 7/20/56 Read 7/20/56 7/20/567/20/56 ~ > Respectfully Respectfully 4 fv , WA / if t , R. Ho OO, , WE Phys Bryston Lee * ; -f ~ " Age 57 1956 from factory June 30 1956 because of RteomoTvoeldedo State Hospital July 5 the Sex H. mental condition insane 4 Admitted Hospital - Expired July 8 1956 at Toledo State Overland Co. as a Die Setter From 1923 until 1930 he worked at Willys been a plant guard for Illinois three years he has he worked in previously For past twenty For two years Co. - Libbey Division . Glass General Labor 1 Kind and composition of dust 2 Concentration of dust None None 3 Duration of exposure None fifi fl Chest roentgenograms None 6 Electrocardiographic record None 7 Autopsy Protocol Report to follow or Nurses at anytime of 8 This man has not complained to the Plant Physiciacnlaim for disability and that any chest condition 1939. He had only one Insurance He was off about two months Diagnosis was Influenza was in February and Bronchitis No other record of loss of time for illness | Wed. ---- --18.1956 1 30 Telephone call from Dr. Shook of Owens- Illinois Toledo and Bill Hazard They are sending us today the lungs of One of their watchmen who died . This -- --be medico legal case for silicores but Dr. Shook doesn't believe the man had silicosis - he had -- to silica--dust----, -- occupational The data about the will be Toledo However, send copies of the report and all pertiment to correspondence Dr. Shook also Dr. Shook wished to tell Dr. Bristolthathe Dr. Shooks doesn't through Question of silicosis .. 55913 CLASS OF Service ] This is a fast message unless it deferred char- WESTERN WESTERN WESTRN WESTERN UN ... ... YT 7 UN UN .. SYMBOLS ~ 6 ... . oe Day Letter acter is indicated by the proper symbol The filing time shown inthe dare line TELEGRAM W. P. MARSHALL Prekidan^ domestic telegrams is STANDARD TIME at poinotf origin Time of receiptreceipt is Night Letter | 1201 LI International Letter Telegram STANDARD TIME at point of destination SYA041 SYA041 DECO86 DE TOA125 TOLEDO OHIO 30 1038AME 1956 JUL ANAC LABRATORY 7 CHURCH ST SARANAC LAKE NY MORTEM REFERENCE CASE OF LEE BRYSTON LIBBEY PLANT TOLEDO WHEN CAN WE EXPECT REPORT ON POST MORTEM FINDINGS ' THANKS C F SHOOK MD OWENS ILLINOIS CO THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE 55910 PLAINTF'S PLAINTF'S "EE Pr dee \ August 2 1956 Charles F. Shbok M.D. Medical Director Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio Re Lee Pryston Saranac Laboratory OCD 68 No. 56-682 Dear Doctor Shook Herewith Part I of my report in respect of Lee Bryston As I mentioned in my telegram of July 30 due to employees vacations there will be a little delay in processing the tissue but I will make every effort to rust my report to you The chest roentgenograms in connection with this case have not as yet been received With Find regards Yours sincerely GWS LE Enc 3 G. . . Schepers Director M.D. L.Sc. CC E. R. Howard M.D. Plant Physician Illinois Libbey Class Plant Ash Street Toledo Ohio - with 3 copies of report PLAINTIFF'S OCD 68 MEDICO OPINION meee ee + in respect OI - OCCUPATIONAL CHEST DISEASE by G.W.H. Schepers H.D. D.Sc. Director Saranac Laboratory 7 Church Street Saranac Lake N.Y. F.C.C.P. August 1 1956 Subject Lee Bryston - Aged 57 Deceased = July 8 1956 Employee - Libbey Glass Division Illinois Glass Co. Saranac Laboratory No. 56-682 Referred by Charles F. Shook M.D. Medical Director Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio 55900 are PART I , Re Lee Bryston OCD 68 - 56-682 August 1 1956 A MATERIAL STUDIED Pathological specimen - Lungs - submitted by K.R. Howard M.D. Plant Physician The specimen examined consists of the left lung and portions of the right lung fixed in formalin and received wrapped in cloth and sealed in saran wrap In the case of the left lung the pulmonary vessels and bronchi had been cut flush with the mediastinal surface : The pleural surfaces are smooth with small scattered black subpleural isolated foci of pigmentation In rare foci there is a central whitish portion suggestive of scarring None of these pleural foci are palpable The lung hilus reveals the presence of a firm mass of enlarged glands interposed between secondary branches of the left pulmonary artery On section this glandular mass is seen to be composed of a conglomeration of several confluent component glands which are densely adherent to one another and to surrounding blood vessels and bronchi The texture of the gland mass is friable with several concretions of stony consistency embedded in it Minute foci of caseation are also present The bronchi appear normal but the branches of the pulmonary artery are somewhat distended and isolated atheromatous plaques are present on the ex- posed surfaces Histological examination to follow Along the posterior edge of the upper lobe there is a large firm inverted pyriform mass which had been cut open before the specimen was received by us This mass which measures approximately 4 cm in largest vertical diameter and about 3 cm in width at its base has a grey appearance a friable center no definite capsule and has blood vessels and bronchi leading into its apex There are light pleural adhesions over the free surface of this mass but no pleural thickening On naked eye inspection this mass resembles an old tuberculous focus rather than a silicotic or silicotic process Histological report to follow The cut surface of the lung reveals a universally distributed vesicular , emphysema and sparse small foci of pigmentation Isolated such foci are palpable especially where they lie close to the Pigmented foci in other areas are not palpable foci measures about 3 mm in diameter mass previously described The largest of the palpable On section the basal lobe also reveals diffuse vesicular emphysema with some bullous formations toward the apex A few scattered fibrocaseous nodules are visible and palpable - some measuring up to 4 mm in diameter At the base of the lobe there appears to be some degree of hypostatic congestion The general appearances of the right lobe are similar to those of the left side - emphysema hypostatic congestion foci of pigmentation and isolated sparse palpable nodules being present In addition there is a mass measuring about 2 cm by 1 cm along the posterior edge of this lobe It is greyish in appearance and has a friable center specimen for histological examination 1- 55901 :) . , . a < ae gl. , . * ; i o-_ Re Lee Bryston August 1 1956 I. MATERIAL STUDIED cont'd The bronchi in the lung substance do not appear to be diseased The smaller blood vessels are relatively inconspicuous and several of the mediumsized vessels are occluded apparently on account of ante mortem thrombosis 1 Comment It is possible that the large masses in the lung tissue and the isolated nodules have a pneumoconiotic basis However masses and nodules indistinguishable from these by naked eye criteria may be found in individuals who had never been exposed to harmful dusts but who had developed chronic tuberculosis A final diagnosis must therefore be deferred until the histo- logical and chemical studies have been completed sischeper sischeper1956 GWHS mem Part II to follow 2 55902 Pathological speciman Lungs Name Bryston Lee Shipped by Medical Department Libbey Glass Division of Illinois Glass Co. . Ash St. W. E. R. Toledo Ohio 5590355903 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT l Kirstein a\ 4 Vy so -- -- -- ---- U--A---- ------------>fl------ a 32A3210 Y--flANOMJUF30 YOUTS JATNIMI--fl3983ONA JADINUS BHT A^ F } Y--flTZIMTO YDQJ018YH9 90 JOKIAR TO THEMT--flA930 THEMTRA930 THEMTRAC ROTIC NOSITIO NOSITIO tat xos .0.4 .0.4 ... anal DAMARA Y--flOTA--flOBADJANA--flAZ YROTAROA UAUAT JOOHDE UASOURT September 4 1956 Charles F. Shook M.D. Medical Director Illinois Glass Company Toledo 1 Ohio . Dear Doctor Shook Re Lee Bryston Saranac Laboratory 56-682 OCD 68 . Sections and chemical analyses on the material in this case have now become available The large masses referred to in the description of the gross specimen already sent to you have proved to be somewhat atypical conglomerate silicotic nodules There is no conclusive evidence of tuberculosis or of a tuberculosilicosis The gutty elements are bone Bronchi and blood vessels in these masses are extensively deformed occluded or disorganized There are no discrete silicotic nodules However the whole lung parenchyma is the seat of alveolar wall fibrosis and theries atrophic emphysema with focal bullous formation Thrombosis of pulmonary arteries and areas of infarction are demonstrable in several of the sections The thrombi are partly organized but not yet too old These changes therefore may be preagonal in significance only The chief nocuous minerals found in the lung tissue are tridymite cristobalite and quartz The amounts of these substances vary rather sharply according to whether the determinations were made on the lung tissue generally or specifically on the areas of massive fibrosis In the latter areas the lung ash 16.65 is about double the average 7.4 for our series of silicotics On the other hand in the rest of the lungs the lung ash 3.27 approximates the average lung ash in normal lungs 3.0 The total silica content of the ash 3.16 - 5.11 is only slightly greater than that for normal persons 0.4 - 8.6 and far below average for our series of silicotics 19.9 On the other hand Doctor Gardner has described silicotics with a total Mid silica content of their lungs as low as 0.36 The free silica re u; content of the lung ash 1.3 - 2.9 is likewise below the average = for our series of silicotics 9.3 Again however silicosis < has been admitted in the presence of but 0.2 free silica < i a. Page 2 THE SARANAc LaboratorY For the Study of Tuberculosis Occupational Disease and Industrial Hygione Founded by EDWARD LIVINGSTON TRUDEAU in 1885 7 CHURCH ST Saranac LAKE NEW YORK Charles F. Shook M.D. September 4 1956 P. O. Box Re Reference Lee Bryston Saranac Laboratory 56-682 OCD 68 Telephone Laboratory 613 ; Director 580 The amounts of tridymite 0.6 - 1.7 and cristobalite 0.4 - 1.2 found in the lung ash are very much in excess of what we have previously found Perhaps these forms of free silica explain the pulmonary pathology We know that cristobalite and tridymite are many times more potent than . quartz as fibrogenic agents The occupational history you furnished us over the telephone does not help to explain this case He probably worked in a ceramic products plant at one time or another in his life to account for the presence of the excessive quantities of high temperature free silica found in his lungs Could this matter be looked into again or may we assume that he could have been exposed to these substances while performing his duties as a plant guard I will set all this up in a formal report from an town trip We do hope you will the rays of this most interesting case . when I let us return have a shortly look at With kind regards , ' Yours sincerely GWHS : LB G. W. H. Schepers M.D. D.Sc. Director 55868 . The objectives of The Saranac Laboratory a profit organization incorporated under the Education Law of New York State Research Consultation and Education are: awe CHEMICAL PETROCRATIC AND RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF LUNGS Name Bryston Case No. 56-682 P 56-682 56-682 56-682 Ash per cent of dried tissuc S102 per Total cent of ash per cent of dried tissue Free S102 per cent of ash per cent of dried tissue wher? 3.27 __ 3.28 5.11 7 0.17 3.16 0. 2.9 0.09 1.3 0.04 16.65 4.91 4.91 0.82 7 2.9 " 0.48 Kind of minerals in tissue per cent of ash Quartz Cristobalite Cristobalite Iridypaite Iridypaite mullits 0.5 - 1.2 1.2 - 2.3 0.3 | 0.4 0.6 1.G 0.3 0.9 1.7 1.9 > naan Component Analysis Ash per cent of ash S102 fo wo a a a ^' 11203 Cao a ligo _77 NKa2200 P205 _- . _ aa aT 55869 ~ | ILLINOIS GENERAL OFFICES T TROLLERECEDECOCET CARD COHIO PLAINTIF 'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBT KirsteinPLAINTIF'S Kirstein Kirstein PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S Kirstein September 11 1956 . Dict 9/10/56 Dr. G. W. H. Schepers The Saranac Laboratory Saranac Lake New York Dear Dr. Schepers Since Dr. Shook is out of town for a few days we are acknowledging the report you sent last week on Mr. Lee Bryston Certainly the finding of unusual amounts of trydimite and crystobolite on chemical analysis of the lungs is most unexpected We have rechecked with the plant and thus far have no clue as to where he might have been exposed to such dusts Around 1927 he worked for a few years as a punch press operator for Willys Overland then he was unemployed two years following which he came to work at our Libbey plant never worked any place else During the first year or two of his Libbey employment he was in the general labor group as a clean man In this capacity he did spend a few hours off and on in the batch department but he never was regularly employed there For the last 20 or more years he had been a guard and watchman and so far as we know never visited the batch de- partment at all His brother states that during his two years of unemployment before he came to Libbey Mr. Bryston was really unemployed and consequently didn't have any kind of industrial dust exposure whatsoever As for rays the plant has no record that any were ever taken We have even checked with the local health department which in recent years has used a mobile ray unit for TB case finding They have no record of ever having rayed Mr. Bryston It's unfortunate but no rays can be found anywhere Naturally we are looking forward to seeing your final there is no immediate urgency for this we would like as convenient so we can reach some conclusion on this report While to see it as soon case Sincerely yours \4 W. W. G. Hazard M Industrial Relations Division \ : November 5 1956 Charles F. Shook M.D. Medical Director Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio Dear Doctor Shook . Re Lee Bryston My apologies for the delayed transmission of my report on this most interesting case I had hoped to receive some rays to review and also intended appending a few microphotographs As our photographer left us earlier this year I have had to train another technician to undertake this task with consequent delays When I have some good photographs I shall send them to you I hope the mystery of this man's exposure can be cleared up With kind regards Yours sincerely GWHS mem Enclosures ( ) G. W. H. Schepers M.D. D.Sc. Director PLAINTIFF'S OCD 68 MEDICO OPINION in - respect of OCCUPATIONAL CHEST DISEASE by G. W. H. Schepers M.D. D.Sc. F.C.C.P. Director Saranac Laboratory 7 Church Street Saranac Lake N.Y. November 5 1956 Subject Lee Bryston - Aged 57 . Deceased July 8 1956 Employee - Libbey Glass Division Saranac Laboratory No. 56-682 Illinois Glass Co. Referred by Charles F. Shook M.D. Medical Director Illinois Glass Company Toledo Ohio Tissues Fur- nished by K.R. Howard M.D. Plant Physician Libbey Illinois Glass Co. Toledo Ohio Glass Division 55873 Me Lee Bryston OCD 68 - 56-682 November 5 1956 I. GROSS PATHOLOGY of portions The specimen examined consists of the left lung and lung fixed in formalin and received wrapped in cloth and the right wrap sealed in saran In the case of the left lung the pulmonary vessels and bronchi had been cut flush with the mediastinal surface The pleural surfaces are smooth with small scattered black subpleural iso- lated foci of pigmentation In rare foci there is a central whitish portion suggestive of scarring None of these pleural foci are palpable The lung hilus reveals the presence of a firm mass of enlarged glands interposed between secondary branches of the left pulmonary artery On section this glandular mass is seen to be composed of a conglomeration of several con- fluent component nodes which are densely adherent to one another and to surrounding blood vessels and bronchi The texture of the mass is friable with several concretions of stony consistency embedded in it ent caseation are also present Minute foci of appar- The main bronchi appear normal but the main branches of the pulmonary artery are somewhat distended and isolated atheromatous plaques are discernible on the exposed surfaces In the region of the posterior edge of the upper lobe there is a large firm inverted pyriform mass which had been cut into before the specimen was received at the Saranac Laboratory This mass which measures approximately 4 cm in its greatest or vertical diameter and about 3 cm in width at its base has a grey appearance a friable center no definite capsule and has blood vessels and bronchi leading into its apex There are light pleural adhesions over the free surface of this mass but no pleural thickening The cut surface of the lung reveals a universally distributed vesicular emphysema and sparse small foci of pigmentation Isolated such foci are palpable especially where they lie close to the Pigmented foci in other areas are not palpable foci measures about 3 mm in diameter ; mass previously described The largest of the palpable On section the basal lobe also reveals diffuse vesicular emphysema with some bulla formation toward the apex A few scattered semiconsolidated nodules are visible and palpable some measuring up to 4 mm in diameter At the base of the lobe there appears to be some degree of hypostatic congestion The general appearances of the right lobe are similar to those of the left side - emphysema hypostatic congestion foci of pigmentation and isolated sparse palpable nodules being present In addition there is a mass measuring about 2 cm by 1 cm along the posterior edge of this lobe It is greyish in appearance and has a friable center The bronchi in the lung substance do not appear to be diseased The smaller blood vessels are relatively inconspicuous and several of the medium- sized vessels are occluded apparently on account of ante mortem thrombosis 55874 Re " Lee Bryston OCD 68 - 56-682 November 5 1956 II HISTOPATHOLOGY On microscopical examination the large pyriform mass found in the left upper lobe proves to be an atelectatic condensation of a large part of this lobe with superimposed conglomerate silicosis The mass contains the degenerated remnants of bronchi and large blood vessels and is practically airless very few small islets of alveoli surviving among the silicotic masses In this zone the silicotic components comprise three elements The first or main feature consists of large concentrically lamellated hyalinized nodules in which there is no evidence of necrosis of the kind associated with tuber- silicosis The secondary element is composed of masses of koniophores plasma cells and fibrocytes with a light supporting network of collagen bundles and reticulum These cellular zones tend to be arranged around the periphery of the hyaline nodules and are the main factor in binding them - together Among these cells there are degenerated and degenerated blood vessels and bronchi These structures constitute the third component of the mass The bronchi have retained a lumen with an epithelium in some arezs In other parts the respiratory passages can only be identified by the survival of degenerated variably ossified and calcified cartilagenous masses arranged in roughly circular patterns In those areas where these bronchi still are patent the mucosa is degenerated with hyperplasia of the muscularis and marked hypertrophy of the bronchial arteries The solidified areas found at other sites in the lung are comparable in a histological sense to the above described mass They also contain conglomerate hyalinized silicotic nodules areas in which laden macrophages and fibro- cytes predominate and calcified remnants of degenerated bronchi with partly occluded blood vessels . The lesser nodules found at various sites in both lungs are essentially hyalinized multilamellated collagen bodies of the silicotic kind with sur- rounding masses of koniophores and fibrocytes Several of these nodules lie adjacent to small bronchi and a few surround small blood vessels The alveolar walls in most parts of the lung show a moderate to marked degree of thickening In some areas this is due primarily to cellular infiltration In other regions there is dense collagen deposition In relation to both these features there is marked reticulum formation Elastic tissue is fibrous conspicuous by its absence In some areas the thickening of the alveolar walls - is partly due to hyperplasia of amooth muscle Where cellular or infiltration has not occurred there is moderate distension of alveolar wall capillaries which feature emphasizes the loss of mural capillaries over exten- sive areas of the pulmonary parenchyma : - These alveolar walls are stretched thin in many areas and are broken down at numerous other sites This is due to the presence throughout the lung parenchyma of marked hypertrophic emphysema Some of the distended air spaces represent dilated alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles The pulmonary arteries show parts of the lung In the hilar eromatosis In some regions the fibrous hyperplasia around them hypertrophy of their muscular coats in nost region there is additional focal intimal ath- lesser arteries are markedly stenosed through 55875 Re Lee Bryston OCD 68 - 56-682 November 5 1956 II HISTOPATHOLOGY cont'd) In several of the pulmonary blood vessels thrombosis had occurred As these clots are only partly organized it is evident that the thrombosis was part of the terminal process and not an essential feature of the main disease process Small areas of infarction were also present The bronchial epithelium reveals predominance of goblet cells The muscu laris mucosae is markedly hypertrophied in most areas but there is no measure infiltration of cellular hypertrophied to the mucosa The bronchial glands are moderately At the pulmonary hilus the bronchi and blood vessels are bonded together partly by fibrocellular tissue which surrounds conglomerate degenerated sili- cotic nodules No evidence of tuberculosis could be found in these sections suggestion despite the of caseation found on macroscopic examination The gritty elements in these lymph glands represent areas of calcification III HISTOCHEMISTRY Thomas M. Durkan . Portions of the left upper lobe of the right lobe and of a mass in the analysis apex of the lung were submitted for was as follows The weight of the tissue samples _ Left Upper Right Apical Lobe Lobe Mass . Weight of tissue moist 32.5 gm 89.3 gm 7.6 gm # n dried at 100-105 C 7.4 19.9 2.5 Each tissue sample after being dried was pulverized mixed and divided into two parts One part was ashed in a muffle furnace and the total silica content of the ash determined by standard methods The other part was digested with 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide to destroy organic matter and the insoluble material surviving that treatment was subjected to petrographic and ray dif- fraction examination Tabulated below are the findings of the analyses and for comparison the results of similar analyses for 1 a normal group of individuals not exposed in their occupation to dust 2 a group exposed to siliceous dust but who did not develop silicosis and 3 a group of silicotics For the normal non- silicotic and silicotic groupe the average value is given and in parentheses the range of values is shown 55876 of - Re Lee Bryston OCD 68 = 56-682 November 5 1956 III HISTOCHEMISTRY cont'd cont'd Ash Content and Silica Content of Lang Tissue Lee Bryston 56-682 Normal Group silicotic Group Ash content per cent of dried tissue Silicotic Group - 3.28 Right lobe 16.65 Apical mass Total silica content per cent of ash 5.11 3.16 4.91 Left lobe Right lobe Apical mass 3.4 0.4-8.6 12.7 1.6-40,0 19.9 0.3-62.8 Free silica content per cent of ash 2.9 Left lobe 1.2 0.1-2.6 2.9 Apical mass 3.3 0.1-16.6 9.3 0.2-33.2 Free silica content per cent of dried tissue 0.09 0.04 0..48 Left lobe Right lobe Apical mass 0.03 0.00-0.16 ... 0.29 0.00-1.68 1.11 0.02-178 IV DISCUSSION The histological lesions found in this case can be identified as silicoti in type because of the presence of the characteristic whorled nodules and the histochemical demonstration of the presence of excessive quantities of free silica It is however an unusual variety of silicosis insofar as diffuse alveolar mural sclerosis is combined with massive conglomerate nodulation being sparse only and irregularly distributed The resemblances are with the type of silicosis encountered in the lesions discrete morphological calcined diatomaceous earth industry and with Shaver's disease The mysterious element in this case is the lack of an adequate history of exposure to free crystalline silica From the analytical findings it appears 4 55877 Re Lee Bryston OCD 68 - 56-682 November 5 1956 IV DISCUSSION cont'd) however that this individual did at some time have a slight to moderate expo- sure to siliceous dusts Since the greater part of the silica recovered from the tissue was present as cristobalite tridymite or mullite all of which are temperature products it is probable that his exposure to silica occurred in a plant making ceramic products or during the course of operations such as lining kilns which liberate dust containing the temperature forms of free silica The presence in the lung tissue of a substantial amount of tridymite a form of free silica which is relatively uncommbount which is present in old bricks from kilns is worthy of note Most of the total silica content of the tissue specimens was accounted for by the cristobalite tridymite and mullite components It is unlikely therefore that this individual had any significant exposure to other siliceous dusts These facts narrow the etiology of this disease down to a specific variety of exposure which it should be possible to trace It is stated that the duties of the deceased included one year as a laborer or cleanup man during which time he spent a few hours off and on in the batch department His main employment during his final 20 years of service was however as a guard and watchman It is generally assumed that such guard duties are relatively free of occupational risks To reconcile the presence of such an advanced degree of silicosis in this man with such a job status one must postulate the possi- bility that there may be risks attendant on the function of nocturnal guard or watchman which have not previously been suspected This matter deserves some enquiry It is conceivable for instance that when all the doors or windows of a ceramic plant are shut overnight nocuous atmospheric substances may be concentrated in the building Some night watchmen are also assigned duties furnaces such as dusting offices or work benches sweeping floors or tending or other apparatus that cannot be turned off overnight It should be possible to ascertain whether such factors were present in this case There remains a possibility that the deceased may have carried on a hobby or private backyard or basement industry in which he became exposed to sili- ceous dusts Some emotionally or mentally disturbed individuals have also been known to deliberately expose themselves to toxic substances ; There remains the possibility of an undue degree of susceptibility in this individual if it can be established that disease of the present type has not been previously noted in other employees On first inspection of the apical mass the presence of bone gested that the lesion was pulmonary fibrosis and the cartilage muscle and bronchi and blood vessels sug- essentially a hamartoma However , the widespread occurrence of similar lesions at other sites are rather against this possibility while the demonstration of the combination of . four varieties of free silica tridymite cristobalite quartz and mullite 50 55878 .i : ! ; -, Re Lee Bryston OCD 68 - 56-682 November 5 1956 IV DISCUSSION cont'd confirms the fact that the disease is dominantly of industrial origin This does not yet dispose of the possibility that the deceased may have been one of those unusual individuals who retain inhaled foreign matter in unusual quantities and react excessively to them The marked involvement of hilar root glands further suggests possibility that early exaggerated reaction in these structures may have obstructed the egress of trapped siliceous dust both through blockage of lymphatics and stenosis of bronchi Such an explanation accounts for the development of massive lesions in atelectatic lung lobes in rare cases of silicosis There may also have been an infective factor which involved these hilar lymph glands at an early stage No trace of such infection persisted V. DIAGNOSIS - The disease process found in the lungs of the deceased is an aberrant form of silicosis characterized by diffuse mural sclerosis with associated hypertrophic emphysema and focal conglomerate nodular fibrosis with associated regional pulmonary atelectasis the etiological agents being tridymite cristo- balite quartz and mullite GWHS: 55879