Document DGQeNbmrg4JYyxdR3LpZZ4rkd

PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT j* EVALUATION OF WORKER EXPOSURE TO AIRBORNE FIBERS DURING THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC CUTBACK ADHESIVE USING RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES Prepared for Resilient Floor Covering Institute Rockville, MD Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA Prepared by ENVIRON Corporation Arlington. Virginia March 30, 1990 CONTENTS L EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DL INTRODUCTION ' A. Background B. Sample Collecuon and Analysis: m. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IV. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC CUTBACK ADHESIVES V. MONITORING INFORMATION VI. ANALYSIS OF EXPOSURE MEASUREMENTS A. Presentation of Asbestos Monitoring Data B. Statistical Analysis C Reliability of Conclusions D. Silica Analysis VIL CONCLUSIONS VIE. .APPENDICES A. Recommended Work Pracuces tor Resilient Floor Coverings 1) Resilient Floor Covermg Institute i February19901 2) Armstrong World Industries. Inc. (Marcn 19901 B. Analysis of Air Monitoring Sampling Data Em I 5 6 7 10 14 16 19 20 22 24 29 33 37 A-2 A-26 B*l executive SUMMARY -I- I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Many types of floor tiles manufactured in the past were installed with asphaltic cutoack adhesives, some or which contained asbestos. Removal of floor tiles installed ' with asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives in an occupational setting ie.gn pnor to the installation of a new resilient floor covering) is subject to the standard set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for occupational exposure to asbestos in the construction industry (29 CFR 1926-58). This standard requires employers to assure that worker exposures to asbestos do not exceed the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air for an 8hour time-weighted average (TWA) or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30-minute period. The OSHA asbestos standard requires initial monitoring of employee exposure at the stan of a job to determine whether employee exposure exceeds either the action level (0.1 f/cc for an 8-hour TWA), or the excursion limit (1.0 f/cc over 30 minutes). The standard also provides that, in lieu of initial monitoring, an employer may rely upon objective or historical data, conducted under substantially similar workplace conditions, to demonstrate that the action level and excursion limit are not exceeded. ENVIRON Corporation was retained by the Resilient Floor Covering Institute (RFCI) and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (Armstrong) to design and carry out a study of worker exposures to asbestos during removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives pursuant to work practices recommended by RFCI and Armstrong ("Recommended Work Practices", see Appendix A). The adhesive removal was conducted using both hand scraping under damp conditions and a low-speed floor machine fitted with a floor plate attachment and wetted silica sand, following the recommended work practices developed by the sponsors of this study. The removal of the existing floor tile prior to the adhesive removal was not monitored as part of this study. This report presents an analysis of fiber exposures to floor mechanics and observers during asphaltic cutback adhesive removal pursuant to the Recommended Work Practices. Based on a total of 7 exposures measured for floor mechanics and observers (representing typical exposures for supervisory employees) at two sites, the -2- average TWA for aspaaiuc cutback adhesive removal is approximately 0.0044 f/cc. wmch :s less than 5% of the action ievei. The 95% upper confidence iimit calculated, tor these aspnaltic cutback adhesive removal operations is approximately 0.0066 f/cc, which is iess than 7% of the action ievei. These results are not significantly different if only the exposure of njecnanics is considered. For worker samples only, the average TWA is approximately 0.0045 f/cc with a 95% upper confidence limit of 0.0070 f/cc. Evaluauon of worker and observer air sample filters by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that all fibers were shorter than 5 urn in length. The few longer structures seen, which would qualify as fibers under the OSHA method of analysis,, proved not to be asbestos. Although no samples were taken specifically to examine short-term exposures, the sampling data indicates that the average excursion concentration would be 0.073 f/cc if the entire exposure is assumed to have occurred within a 30-minute period during each asphaltic cutback adhesive removal operation. However, it is highly unlikely that any exposures observed dunng asphaltic cutback adhesive removal would occur entirely within a 30-minute period, and the true excursion concentrations should be well below the values calculated. This study demonstrated, with 95% confidence, that the excursion limit would not be exceeded. Based on-the uniformly very low occupational exposure levels and the absence of qualifying asbestos fibers as determined by TEM analysis, no additional asphaltic cuiback adhesive removal studies were deemed necessary. Therefore, this study conclusively shows that the action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers are not exceeded when asphaltic cutback adhesives are removed in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Consequently, an employer should be able to rely upon these exposure results as historical data in lieu of conducting initial monitoring to satisfy the monitoring requirements of the OSHA standard (29 CFR 1926-58(f)(2)(iii')) for an asphaltic cutback adhesive removal job performed in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Because the adhesive removal procedure entailed the use of silica sand in a mixture with water containing a liquid dishwater detergent, one of the removal operations was aiso monitored for total particulates and for respirable siiica. None of -3- V the three samples contained respirable silica above either the limit of quantmcauon of 0.04 mg/m3 or the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.1 mg/m3. The total particuiate concentration just reached 0.04 mg/m3 for two of the three samples ( based on an 8-hour TWA). These values are well below both the OSHA PEL of 0.14 mg/m3 for particuiate material containing 69% silica. IL INTRODUCTION 0. INTRODUCTION A. Background In the past many types of resilient tile floors.were installed with asbestos* containing asphaltic cutback adhesives. These adhesives were an oieo-resinous matenai with piasnc/flexible properties. Typically, these adhesives contained approximately 5 to 20% asbesios fibers. According to floor covering manufacturers, the asbestos used in asphaltic cutback adhesives was predominantly short-fiber chrysotile asbestos. Therefore, any asbestos fibers seen during removal would most likely be chrysotile. and observation of amphiboie asbestos fibers could suggest that another source of asbestos might be present. In fact, the fibers seen were almost exclusively chrysotile. When new flooring is installed, removal of an existing resilient floor covering may be necessary. The Recommended Work Practices, however, advise that floor tile removal followed by the removal of any asphaltic cutback adhesive, should be conducted only if new flooring cannot be installed directly on top of the existing floor. If the existing flooring was installed with asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives, the floor mechanics who remove the adhesive are potentially exposed to airborne asbestos fibers during the removal process. Consequently, the removal process in an occupational setting is subject to the regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that limit employee exposures to airborne asbestos. As explained in Chapter m, OSHA has issued two standards regulating occupational exposures to asbestos, one for general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and one specifically for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926J58). Any occupationally-related removal of an asbestos-containing material such as asphaltic cutback adhesives, falls within the scope of construction work according to the OSHA definition. For this reason, the sponsors of this study sought to obtain data (that would satisfy OSHA's requirements for employer reliance upon as historical data! to determine that worker exposures to asbestos fibers during the removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives,-in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. An employer who follows the Recommended Work Practices may reiy upon these data, in lieu of conducting initial monitoring of workers at future job sites. -6- RFCI ana Armstrong nave sponsored an independent study to assess the ievei of worker exposure to asbestos during tie removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives, when :r.e Recommended Work Practices are followed. An initial asphaltic cutback adhesive removal study was conducted on July 31 and August 1. 1989 in Lancaster. PA. The purpose of this initial adhesive removal was to refine the sampling and analysis protocol for future asphaltic cutback adhesive removal tests and to develop initial monitoring data, for the. purposes of the study itself. This study showed that worker adherence to the Recommended Work Practices maintained airborne fiber concentrations for workers in the study well below OSHA's action level and excursion limit. On the first day of this study, the adhesive removal activity was conducted using both hand scraping under damp conditions and a low-speed floor machine fitted with a floor plate attachment with wetted silica sand, following the Recommended Work Practices. The second day of adhesive removal Involved a short period of hand scraping under riamp conditions only in order to compare hand scraping with machine removal. A second removal study was conducted on September 11. 1989 in Lancaster, PA using a low-speed floor machine fitted with a floor plate attachment with wetted silica sand. B. Sample Collection and Analysis 1. Asbestos Industrial Health Incorporated (IHI) was engaged by ENVIRON to conduct all air monitoring. Air sampling was conducted prior to and during each removal operation to monitor the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers. Four types of air samples were collected during asphaltic cutback adhesive removals: ' overnight baseline samples in the work area prior to removal: perimeter samples outside of the work area prior to and during removal: personal samples on each of two workers during removal: and personal samples on one individual acting as a supervisor or observer, who spent a significant amount of time in the immediate work area, although he was generally not directly involved in the actual removal. Ail area samples were collected by setting the sampling apparatus in a stationary location. Filters were neid on a stand approximately a feet above the floor. Personal air sampling monitors were attached to each worker or observer with the niter located within the individual's breathing zone, as defined by OSHA. In each case, two samples were collected side-by-side for analysis by phase contras: microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All air samples intended for PCM analysis were collected in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400. Samples were collected on Millipore 25 mm diameter, 0.S pure size, cellulose ester memnrane filters in cassettes with conductive cowis. Samples intended for TEM analysis were collected in accordance with EPA's Imerim Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Method. Samples were collected on Nudepore 25 mm diameter, 0.45 um pore size, mixed cellulose ester fiber filters with 0.8 itm backup filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. All samples were collected ng cassettes in the open-face configuration. Further details, concerning the sampling procedures followed by EHI are provided in a companion report1. At least three separate bulk samples of the adhesive material at each removal site were taken for Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) analysis. Analysis of the samples was made using a polarizing light microscope and dispersion staining objective in accordance with guidelines set forth in the EPA Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Insulation Samples (40 CFR, Part 763, Subpan F, Appendix A - 7-187 Edition). All samples were shipped by Federal Express to RJ Lee Group, Inc (RJ Lee) for independent laboratory analysis. Blank filters were submined to the analytical laboratory for analysis with the samples. For PCM analysis, one hundred fields were counted at a magnification of 400X following the rules outlined in NIOSH Method 7400. The method requires that 100 fields be counted, or at least a minimum of 20 fields, depending upon fiber concentration. All fibers or fiberlike particles measuring at least 5 ^m in length and having a 3-to-l length-to-width aspect ratio were counted. For TEM analysis, samples were analyzed using proposed EPA Level II analysis. The analysis for asbestos fibers consisted of fiber morphology, visual selected area electron diffraction 1 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting Data for Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Airborne Fibers During the Removal of Cutback Asphalt Adhesive Using Recommended Work Practices. 'SAHD1, ana elemental chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), supplemented by the measurement and interpretation of microerap_ uf several SAED patterns. The samples were analyzed at a magnification of 20000X. Parades longer than 5 um meeting the definition of a fiber iength-to-width aspect ratio of greater than 3-to-l and having substantially parallel sides were classified'as chrysodle or ampniboie following definitions dr.-eloped by Yamate*. Strucrures containing such asbestos fibers are dassified in conformance with the definitions in' the EPA Interim Method. 2. Silica All air samples intended for silica analysis were conducted in accordance with NIOSH Method 7500. Samples were collected on 5 um. PVC membranes which had been pre-weighed by DataChem analytical laboratory. SKC brand cyciones were used during sampling to separate out the respirable fraction of the collected particulates. One area sample was collected during the adhesive removal.. This sample was collected on a stand approximately 4 feet above the ground, placed in the work area, and periodically moved to avoid interfering with the workers. Personal samples were collected for each of the two workers, with the sample intake placed within the individual's breathing zone, as defined by OSHA. One bulk sample was collected from the silica sand and analyzed for silica (quartz) content. All samples were hand-delivered to DataChem for analysis. The sample weighing was conducted in accordance with NIOSH method 0600 for nuisance dust. The silica content was determined by X-ray powder diffraction, as specified in NIOSH method 7500. Based on sampling reports from [HI and analytical data from RJ Lee. ENVIRON Corporation has analyzed the resulting data to assess the distribution of asbestos exposures and silica exposures to floor mechanics and observers during removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives, pursuant to the Recommended Work Pracuces. Analysis of the exposure measurements is presented in Chapter VI.1 1 Yamate. G,, S.C. AgarwaL and R.D. Gibbons. Methodology for the Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Fibers by Electron Microscopy. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3266. -9- HL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK -10- EEL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK In 1972. OSHA promulgated a standard dealing with occupational exposures to asbestos for ail inaustnes covered by the Aa (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970). On June 20. 1986 and September 14. 1988. OSHA issued revised standards relating to occupational exposures to asbestos for both general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926.55). Tne 1972 standard established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2 fibers/cc (f/cc) as an 8-bour timeweighted average (TWA). The present standards, among other things, reduced the PEL to 02 f/cc as an 8-hour TWA and set an excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc average over a 30 minute sampling period. OSHA has also set an action level of 0.1 f/cc calculated as an 8-hour TWA (29 CFR 1926.58(b)). Although the general industry standard is similar, further references will cite the construction standard only, because removal of asbestoscontaining asphaltic cutback adhesives is classified as a construction activity according to OSHA. The standard for the construction industry requires that each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by the standard must, with certain exception described below, perform initial monitoring to determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos to which employees may be exposed (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(i)). When the action level of 0.1 f/cc or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must continue to perform initial monitoring at the initiation of subsequent new asbestos jobs. Employee training, and under certain circumstances, medical surveillance are also required wben exposures exceed the action level. When the PEL of 0.2 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must establish a demarcated, regulated area to which access is limited to authorized persons supplied with respirators (29 CFR 1226.58(e)). Certain additional conditions also apply to a regulated area. When the results ot continued periodic monitoring reveal that employee exposures, by statistically reliable measurements, are below the action level and the excursion limit, initial monitoring- of continued activities may be discontinued (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(4)). OSHA provided two exceptions to the requirement for initial monitoring: where objecuve data demonstrate that employee exposures are below the action level and excursion limit (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(ii); or -11-  where the employer has historical monitoring data to reiy upon in lieu of initial monitoring (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(iii). The regulation states, in pertinent pan (29 CFR 1926-58(0(2)): (2) Initial Monitoring: (i)Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard, except as provided for in paragraphs (f)(2)(ii) and (f)(2)(iii) of this section, shall perform initial monitoring at the initiation of each asbestos, tremolite, anthopfayllite. or acunolite job to accurately determine e airborne concentrations of asbestos, tremolite, anthophylHte. or aconotite to which employees may be exposed. (ii)The employer may demonstrate that employee exposures are below that action level and/or excursion limit by means of objective dam demonstrating that the product or material containing asbestos, tremolite, anthopfayllite, acunolite, or a combination of these minerals cannot release airborne fibers in concentrations exceeding the action level and/or excursion limit under those work conditions . haying the greatest potential for releasing asbestos, tremolite, anthopfayllite. or acdnqlite. (iii)Where the employer has monitored each asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite. or actinolitc job for the TWA, and where be has monitored after March 14, 1988, for the excursion limit, and the data were obtained during work operations conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the processes, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions used and prevailing in the employer's current operations, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section. OSHA did not provide a specific definition for such exceptions in its 1986 regulations. However, OSHA has recently determined3 that a previous ENVIRON study4 evaluating exposure to airborne fibers during resilient floor tile removal did provide historical data. Data presented in this study of asphaltic cutback adhesive removal clearly match the quality of data previously found suitable as historicai data. As indicated in the following chapters, the data relied upon in this report meet the quality and amount OSHA has previously found acceptable as objective data (53 FR 3 Letter from Thomas J. Sbepicb, OSHA. to William B. King, Armstrong, dated . October 27, 1989; letter from Thomas J. Shepich, OSHA. to Walter D. Anderson. RFCL dated February 6, 1990. 4 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Airborne Fibers During Removal of Resilient Floor- Tiles Using Recommended Work Practices. 55621-35622. September 14. 19881, such as data dealing wuh brake and clutch repair, shrouded tools, and glove bags. The giove bag exemption appears to reiy soieiv upon a theoretical argument, whereas the removal data analyzed in this study are quanmanve and supponed by auxiliary data demonstrating that the exposures reported are very likely to be higher that actual exposures to asbestos fibers. Finally, like the A/C pipe study described by OSHA which was based on a specific industry-recommended work practice, the study conducted herein is based oh a specific wont practice recommended by major floor manufacturers for the removal of asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives. -13- IV. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC CUTBACK ADHESIVES * 14-- IV. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR REMOVAL OF .ASPHALTIC CUTBACK ADHESIVES RFCI ana Armstrong have developed work practices for asphaltic cutback adhesive removal designed to assure compliance with the OSHA standards governing exposure to asbestos. The study protocol for removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives requires workers to use either a damp scraping technique by hand or a damp mechamcai removal technique that employs either a terraso floor machine or a iow-speed floor machine fined with a floor plate attachment, with a mixture of silica sand and water containing a liquid detergent solution. The industry-developed Recommended Work Practices, which have evolved from earlier recommendations for asphaltic cutback adhesives, prohibit sanding of the adhesive material. Neither dry scraping of adhesive material nor dry sweeping of any removal-related material is recommended. Removal of an existing resilient floor, and the subsequent removal of any asphaltic cutback adhesive, is recommended as an alternative only if new flooring cannot be installed on top of the existing resilient floor covering. Additional exposure protection is provided through advice on practices to follow before and after removal of the residual adhesive. For example, the floor should be thoroughly vacuumed after removal with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) vacuum cleaner or damp swept/mopped. Both the HEPA vacuum bag and any floor sweepings should be disposed of in a labeled, impermeable trash bag. In addition, removed adhesive is also to be placed in labeled, impermeable trash bags. Additional details regarding the Recommended Work Practices for both RFCI and Armstrong are provided in Appendix A. -15- v. MONITORING INFORMATION 16- V. MONITORING INFORMATION A comprehensive set of measurements of worker and observer exposures to airborne asbestos during asphaltic cutback adhesive, pursuant to the Recommended Work Practices, was earned out by ENVIRON with the assistance of IHI and RJ Lee. ENVIRON designed the sampling and analytical protocols. IHI carried out the air surveys, and RJ Lee performed the laboratory analysis. The analysis of the sampling oata is presented in this report. Reports of PCM. TEM, and PLM raw data from RJ Lee and sampling reports prepared by IHI appear in a companion report to this document5. ENVIRON, from a list prepared by the sponsors of this study, initially selected 2 sites for this study, which entailed monitoring removals of asphaltic cutback adhesive containing asbestos from concrete subfloors. These sites encompassed a variety of building types (residential and instimtiocal), area of floor, and duration of removal The pre-removal conditions for these two sites span the most likely cases for asphaltic cutback adhesive removal Workers were locally obtained floor covering professionals, who were instructed prior to the commencement of any removal activities as to the nature of the removal study and the Recommended Work Practices to be employed. Monitoring on the workers, observer, and all stationary perimeter ampler* began immediately before any adhesive removal activities commenced. All monitors were run continuously, except for personal monitors during lunch breaks at some sites, until the asphaltic cutback adhesive was completely removed and the area cleaned in preparation for the subsequent installation of new resilient floor covering. Monitoring was not performed for subsequent activities following removal of the asphaltic cutback adhesive, such as the use of teveling compounds, installation of a new underlayment, or installation of a new resilient floor covering. In many instances, these post-removal activities wiii occupy as much as or more of the working day than the asphaltic cutback adhesive removal and will not entail exposures to asbestos fibers. s ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting Data for Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Airborne Fibers During the Removal of Resilient Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering Using Recommended Work Practices. Personal monitoring or the workers and observer was `accomplished in the breaming zone at a nominal pump flow rate of approximateiy 2.0 liters per mmute. For ail personal monitors, two companion samples were collected. One sample niter was analyzed by PCM, the other by TEM. PCM is the required procedure tor monitoring employee exposure to airborne asbestos under OSHA regulations. OSHA specifies PCM analysis primarily for practical reasons of cost and-reliability, but also because the epidemiologic studies on which its standards are based used PCM or other optical microscopy to describe the exposure levels of the occupational cohorts studied. For any industry in which asbestos fibers are predominant among all particles meeting the counting rules (Le., greater than 5 am in length, greater than 025 pm in diameter, and having a length-to-width aspect ratio of at least 3-to-l), utilizing PCM is likely to yield appropriate conclusions regarding the level of asbestos exposures. It on the other hand, die majority of observed particles are nonasbestos, then. PCM analysis can exaggerate the potential worker exposure. TEM was used in this study, in part, to determine the proportion of true asbestos fibers among all fibers meeting the OSHA counting rules. As demonstrated in the following chapter, none of the panicles observed under TEM analysis that strictly conformed to the PCM counting rules were asbestos fibers. Thus, compliance with standards during asphaltic cutback adhesive removal, pursuant to the Recommended Work Practices, is likely to provide a greater margin of protection than a similar level or compliance in an industry where most of the fibers observed can correctly be assumed to be asbestos. The importance of following the Recommended Work Practices during asphaltic cutback adhesive removal is highlighted by the air quality characteristics typical' of most indoor environments. Most residential commercial and institutional buildings can contain significant quantifies of non-asbestos fibers that could be counted as asbestos under OSHA*required procedures. Fibers from textiles, mineral wool fiberglass, and paper, in addition to asbestos, may be present in the adhesive removal environment, even after vacuuming. Many of these fibers could be falsely identified as asbestor fibers under the requirements to count all geometrically qualifying structures during PCM analysis, independent of their chemical or mineraiogical classifications, thereby yielding potentially inaccurate or misleading results. -18- VI. .analysis of exposure measurements -19- VI. ANALYSIS of exposure measurements A Prcsentation_of Asbestos Monitoring Data Fibers of asbestos and many other carurai and man-made matenais are fauna in virtually every type of environment, including structures where asphaltic cutback adhesives might be removed. Many of these fibers could qualify for inclusion under the geometric counting rules of the OSHA standard, independe&t of their composition or origin. These fibers are not .attributable to floor removal activities and should not be counted against compliance with the action leveL Therefore, acquisition of background concentration data on qualifying fibers is necessary in interpreting the exposure results in floor adhesive removal operations. In this study, the background concentration was obtained from the overnight baseline measurements analyzed via PCM. In all cases, the overnight baseline measurements did not exceed the PCM analytical sensitivity (limit of detection). Where the background concentration was reported to be less than the analytical sensitivity for PCM analysis (see RJ Lee data in the companion report), the concentration was chosen to be 0.0 f/cc, rather than the value below the analytical sensitivity reported by RJ Lee. This ensures that the calculated net concentration will be a maximum value. Similarly, any perimeter or blank samples with concentrations reported as less than the analytical sensitivity were also chosen to be 0.0 f/cc. One floor mechanic sample had a reported concentration below the analytical sensitivity. In this case, the concentration used was the value reported by RJ Lee, even though it was below the analytical sensitivity. Some of the filters used in the personal monitors are made of matenais that can be contaminated with asbestos fibers as well as other fibrous material.. Such contamination should also not be attributable to floor removal activities and shouid not be counted against the action level. Therefore, blank filters, which were not exposed to ' the work environment, were analyzed for fiber counts. In ail cases, no contamination of the filters was observed. RJ Lee provided both ENVIRON and IHI with PCM and TEM fiber counting results. In addition. RJ Lee performed Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) analysis on bulk samples of asphaltic cutback adhesive to determine the amount of asbestos material present For PCM analysis, concentrations reported in fibers per square millimeter -20- (f/nmr) detected on the sampie niters were convened to airborne fibers per cuoic centimeter (f/cc; using the following relationship: (f/cc) = Cnir vi/mm:) Filter Area (mm:) / Air Volume Sampled (cc) (1) C& is the concentration of airborne fibers and is the concentration of fibers analyzed on the sample filter. The total surface area of the sampie filters is 491 mnr; however, 106 mnr of this area is shielded by the sampling cassette and cowiing. Thus. 385 mnr of surface area was available for analysis. Sample volumes were reported by IHI in liters and were converted to cubic centimeters. The net PCM concentration is then obtained by subtracting the background concentration. Similarly for TEM, concentrations reported in structures per square millimeter (s/mm') detected on the sampie filters were convened to airborne structures per cubic centimeter (s/cc) using Equation (1). All asbestos fibers longer than 5 nm meeting the definition of a fiber length-to-widtb ratio greater than 3-to-l and having substantially parallel sides were classified as cbrysodle or amphiboie following definitions developed by Yamate*. Structures containing such asbestos fibers are classified in conformance with the definitions in the EPA Interim Method. Filter area and sample volumes were equivalent to the PCM analysts. For PLM analysis, results were reported as the percentage of asbestos and nonasbestos fibers (RJ Lee data in the companion report). Following- the completion of an adhesive removal activity, floor mechanics typically proceed to install new flooring or return to their home shop. Therefore, a finai time-weighted averaging adjustment is necessary to account for the fact that the adhesive removal activities and the corresponding monitoring did not always extend over a full 8hour workday. The TWA was calculated by assuming that all unsampled lime, including lunch breaks away from the work area, transit time from the site, and installation of new flooring, would involve no exposure to asbestos. Consequently, the TWA concentrations 4 Yamatc, G., S.C. AgarwaL and R.D. Gibbons. Methodology for the Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Fibers by Electron Microscopy. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3266. -21- are lower than ibe net concentrations, by a factor of T/480. where T is the sampling time in minutes and 480 is the number of minutes in an 8-hour workday. A summary of the net concentration data for PCM analysis. TEM analysis, and final adjusted TWA concentrations for floor mechanics and an observer is presented In Table 1. A compilation at worker and observer exposure data is presented In Appendix B. Detailed background, baseline, and perimeter sampling data from HH and RJ Lee are presented in the companion report to this document In addition a summary of the average percentage of asbestos material (based on three separate bulk samples) in the asphaltic cutback adhesive at each site is shown in Table 2.. It is inherently difficult to compare PCM analytical results with TEM analytical results because the counting methods employed are different PCM analysis counts all fibers observed with no differentiation between asbestos and non-asbestos. Further, only fibers in excess of 5 Mm in length and 025 uta in width, and with a 3-to-l aspect ratio are counted in PCM analysis. The TEM count indudes only asbestos fibers, but detects and counts all asbestos fibers that are greater than approximately 0.5 Mm in length. TEM can also detea fibers less than 025 um in width, which is the approximate limit of visibility for PCM. Because this study was intended to examine exposures in terms of the OSHA standards, all asbestos fibers greater than 5 am in length and with an aspen ratio of at least 3-to-l, regardless of width, were considered in the analysis of TEM data. The results in Table 1 show that no qualifying asbestos fibers were observed via TEM analysis for worker and observer samples. Thus, it can be reasonably conduded that the PCM results and. therefore, the TWA values for most samples overestimate the actual number of asbestos fibers present. B. Statistical Analysis Without exception, all of the TWA. concentrations presented in Table 1 are well below the action level of 0.1 f/cc For the 2 adhesive removal locations (3 removal activities) in this study, a total of 7 exposure samples of floor mechanics and observers were taken and analyzed. At one site, workers were analyzed for both asbestos and silica. One worker had a sample filter for PCM analysis, while the other worker had a sample filter for TEM analysis. The average TWA for these samples is approximately 0.0044 f/cc which is less than 5% of the action leveL The sample standard deviation 22- for these samples is approximately 0.001 f/cc If it is assumed that the exposure samples follow a normal distribution pattern, men confidence intervals on the range of exposure concentrations can be calculated. The 95% upper confidence limit for ail adhesive removal operations is approximately 0.0066 f/cc, which is still less than 7% of the action level (Figure l). In order to determine whether the inclusion of observer data influenced the results, the TWA exposure data was reanalyzed for floor mechanics only. The average TWA for worker samples only is approximately 0.0045 f/cc, which is less than 5% of the action level and roughly 2% higher than the average for both workers and observers. The standard deviation for these samples is approximately 0.0013 f/cc The 95% upper confidence limit is approximately 0.0070 f/cc These differences are inconsequential. The average TWA values, as described earlier, were calculated from the net concentration by assuming that a floor mechanic would not conduct floor or adhesive removal activities over a full 8-hour workday, every day. Even if it is conservatively assumed that a floor mechanic does perform adhesive removal activities for 8-hours every day, then the exposure level would be based upon the net concentration (Appendix B). Under this assumption, the average exposure for these samples Is approximately 0.010 f/cc, which is soil 10% of the action leveL The sample standard deviation is approximately 0.008 f/cc It should be reiterated that these reported concentrations do not differentiate between asbestos and non-asbestos fibers. TEM analysis clearly indicates that the number of asbestos fibers is a fraction of the total fibers observed and possibly observed under the OSHA reference method, such that the mean value may be significantly lower than the 0.010 f/cc Although no samples were taken specifically to examine short-term exposures, the data can be analyzed to provide an extremely conservative excursion concentration bv using the following equation: excursion concentration < [net concentration sampling timej/30 minutes (2) Equation (2) assumes that the entire daily exposure received by a worker or observer occurs over a 30-tninute period, which greatly overestimates the true excursion -23- concentration. Given .that tne estimated 30-mmute concentrations are mxnrrmrrf values, no elaborate statistical analysis is warranted. The average of the excursion concentrations calculated by Equation (2) for workers and observers is approximately 0.073 f/cc, which is iess than 8% of the excursion Limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30minute period. If only worker samples are considered, the average excursion concentration is 0.074 f/cc Since it is highly unlikely that the entire daily exposures ODserveo in these studies occurred within any 30 minute period, as Equation (2) assumes, the true excursion concentrations should be; well below the values calculated. The range of excursion limit concentrations calculated from Equation (2) for floor mechanics and observers are presented in Table 1. Hie initial study plan contemplated adhesive removal monitoring at additional sampling sites, however, after an interim review of collected data, which demonstrated extremely low exposures to workers and observers, further studies were determined to be unnecessary. The experimental design is consistent with OSHA-recommended monitoring requirements and is consistent with floor industry Recommended Work Practices for asphaltic cutback adhesive removal These results demonstrate that initial monitoring of asbestos concentrations for asphaltic cutback adhesive removal jobs is extremely unlikely to show fiber counts in excess of the action level of 0.1 f/cc or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc. There is no indication whatsoever that the PEL of 0.2 f/cc would ever be reached when the industry's Recommended Work Practices are followed for asphaltic cutback adhesives. c. Reliability of.Conclusions The sampling program and filter analyses were specifically designed to. assure that a conservative approach has been evaluated while following the floor industry Recommended Work Practices. For example. PCM. which cannot discriminate between asbestos fibers and other structures of similar morphology, was employed according to OSHA regulations. In general in industry studies involving the manufacture or processing of asbestos products or in asbestos abatement activities, it can reasonably be assumed that most qualifying structures counted by PCM are asbestos. In asphaltic cutback adhesive removal however, an a priori consideration of the nature of the activity and matenais ana a comparison of side-by-side PCM and TEM samples, although they are not direoiy comparaoie, confirm that asbestos nbe- -id sot constitute any of the fibers counted by PCM analysis in samples collected during aspnaitic cutbacic adhesive removal operations. If the TEM results in this analysis were adjusted to exclude those, asbestos fibers not consistent with PCM counting guidelines, the difference between the number of asbestos fibers counted by TEM and the number of fibers counted by PCM would be significantly greater. -25- V Date TABLE 1 Adjusted Personal Monitoring Results for Worker and Observer Exposure During Removal of Asphaltic Cutback Adhesive Pursuant to Indusny Recommended Work Practices 1-ocarion PCM (f/cc) TEM (s/cc) TWA (f/cc) Prruiynfl Limit (f/cc)a 07/31/89 08/01/89 09/11/89 Lancaster 0.005-0.006 OjOU-0.030 0405-0407 . 0.000-0.024 0400-0.000 0400-0400 0404-0.005 0400-0406 0404-0406 0463-0.075 0438-0492 04704.101 Note: Bulk samples taken of asphaltic cutback adhesive were assayed at 7*13% chrysodle asbestos (see Table 2). PCM results adjusted for background mmwifqriiw Levels and measure both asbestos and non* asbestos fibers greater than 5 pm with a 3-to-l aspect ratio. TEM results are based on iQ asbestos fibers greater than 5 *im in length with a 3-to-l aspect ratio. TWA and excursion limit results are for PCM analysis and are adjusted for background concentration levels. Range of results at each site are based on exposure to two workers and one observer only, except where noted. * Excursion limit is determined for a 30-minme exposure period. Calculation is based oa the unlikely assumption (hat total daily exposure occurred within a 30-minute period. b No observer sample was taken during this operation. c Each worker was monitored for both silica and asbestos within their breathing zone. Thus, one worker had a sampling filter for PCM analysis and the other worker had a sampling filter for TEM analysis. Observer had both PCM and TEM filters. -26- TABLE 2 Summary of Reported Chrvsodle Asbestos Content in Asphaltic Cutback Adhesive Bulk Samples Analyzed by PLM Date 07/31/89 08/01/89 09/11/89 Location Lancaster, PA Lancaster, PA Lancaster, PA Chrysodle Asbestos (% by Weight by PLM)' 7 7 13 Percentage of chrysotile asbestos in asphaltic cutback adhesive is based oa the average of three bulk samples analyzed by PLM. I K ilJ K I: I. P isliihulion of Hour Mechanic ami Observer l:i|Misurcs in f iheis as Mcastned t*y PCM Analysis d. Silica Ananas In addition to potential exposures of workers and observers to asbestos fibers during the removal of .asphaitic cutback adhesives, workers and observers may aiso oe potentially exposed to silica dust from the mixture or sand and water containing liquid dishwater detergent used in conjunction with either a terrazzo floor machine or a iowspeed floor machine with a floor plate attachment Sampling was conducted a: one lob sue to determine the total parucuiates and respirable silica created by the implementation of a mechanical removal technique. The OSHA PEL for respirable crystalline quartz silica is determined from the following equation (29 CFR 1910.1000. Table Z-3): PEL = 10 mg/m3 / (% SiO, i- 2) (3) Based on the laboratory analysis of the bulk sand sample, a silica concentration of 69% was determined. Therefore, the PEL for this material is 0.14 mg/m3. All air sample concentrations, presented in Tables 3 and 4, are well below this calculated PEL value. The ACGIH has established a guideline TLV of 0.1 mg/m3 for respirable silica. This is not a statutory limit, but rather a professional recommendation. None of the three samples taken as pan of this analysis contained respirable silica concentrations above the 0.04 mg/m3 limit of quantification. The sample analyses indicated that oniy one worker sample had a trace amount of silica that was detectable above the limit of detection. The total particulate concentration for the worker samples did not exceed 0.04 mg/m3 for an 8-haur TWA. These results demonstrate that worker exposure to total particulates and respirable silica during mechanical removal operations was weil below both the OSHA PEL of 0.14 mg/m3 for particulate material containing 69% siiica and the ACGIH TLV of 0.1 mg/m3 for respirable silica. Although the mechanical removal operation utilizes siiica sand, the removal action does not provide the physical intensity to cause the material to become airborne. In addition, the silica sand material was thoroughly wetted with a mixture of water and liquid detergent, which helps to minimize entrainment of particulates. Therefore, there is no indicauon whatsoever that either the PEL or the - \ j -29- TLV for respirable particulates or silica, will ever be exceeded during mechanical removal operations wor". the industry's Recommended Work Practices are followed torasphaltic cutback adhesives. -30- TABLE 3 Summary of Analytical Results for Silica. Monitoring Total Filter Weight* Sample Adjusted Sample Total Weight Adjusted Sample 8-Hour TWA Volume (L) (g)b Cone (mg/m3) (mg/m3) Worker 1 838 0.05 0.06 0.04 Worker 2 844 0.05 0.06 0.04 Area 741 0.04 0.05 NAe Silica monitoring was performed at the Bagley residence in Lancaster, PA on September 11. 1989. This value was adjusted for a field blank with a total weight of -0.04 mg. The neganve value is due to both the tare weighting procedure and variability tn the scale used. Not applicable '' ~ ) -31- TABLE 4 Summary of Analytical Results for Silica Monitoring Silica Content* Sample Adjusted Sample Volume (L) Worker 1 Worker 2 Area 838 844 741 Silica (g) <0.03* ND* ND* Adjusted Sample 8-Hour TWA Cone (mg/nr) (mg/mJ) <0.04 NA* NA` <0.04 NA< NA* Silica monitoring was performed at the Bagiey residence in Lancaster. PA on September 11. 1989. Between the limit of detection (0.015 mg) and limit of quantification (0.03 mg;. None detected Not applicable vn. CONCLUSIONS -33- VCL* CONCLUSIONS As. demonstrated in this study. :he removal .of asbestos-containing asphaltic cutback adhesives, when carried out in accordance with the floor industry's Recommended Work Practices, results in airborne fiber levels considerably below the OSHA action level of 0.1 f/cc for asbestos fibers based on an 8-hour TWA and the excursion limit of l.C f/cc. According to the OSHA asbestos standard for the construction industry, initial monitoring would not be.required for asphaltic cutback adhesive removal jobs, pursuant to the Recommended Work Practices, if historical data are available that establish that neither the action level of 0.1 f/cc (8-hour TWA) nor the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc for a 30-minute average is expected to be exceeded. Analysis of the airborne fiber concentration monitoring data collected for this study (Chapter VI) dearly meets the OSHA requirements for historical data. The upper bound 95% confidence limit on the individual measurements of exposure to floor mechanics and observers conducted during 3 separate adhesive removal jobs is approximately 0.0066 f/cc, which is less than 7% of the acdon leveL In addition, it is highly unlikely that any floor mechanic would be exposed near the calculated upper bound 95% confidence limit every working day. therefore, the mean exposure level of approximately 0.0044 f/cc is a better, representation of the worker exposure. These results are not significantly affected if only floor mechanic exposure is considered. For worker samples only, the average TWA is approximately 0.0045 f/cc with a 95% upper confidence limit of 0.0070 f/cc. Even when conservatively assuming an 8-hour daily exposure period for floor mechanics involved in adhesive removal activities, pursuant to the Recommended Work Practices, the mean exposure level of approximately 0.010 f/cc is still 10% of the action leveL Considering the results in another way, it was assumed that both resilient floor tile removal and asphaltic cutback adhesive removal were conducted on the same day. In an earlier report7. ENVIRON evaluated exposures to airborne fibers during removal of asbestos-containing asphalt or vinyl resilient floor tiles and found that the mean 7 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Airborne Fibers During the Removal of Resilient Floor Tfles Using Recommended Work Practices. -34- exposure was approximately 0.02 to 0.03 f/cc as a time-weighted average. The average pr od monitored was ..tightly over 200 minutes. In the present study, the average period monitored was slightly over 300 minutes. Together, these two activities consume over 8 hours, a mil work day. Average TWAs for separate removal activities can be added to determine an overall average TWA for two or more activities combined. If these two removal activities were conducted on the same day, the average combined TWA would be in the range of 0.024 to 0.034 f/cc, which is still three to four times lower than the action leveL It is not appropriate to sum upper confidence limits for two or more activities, as it is unlikely that the same individual would be at the higher level for all operations conducted. Although no samples were taken specifically to examine short-term exposures, the sampling data indicates that the average excursio'n concentration would be 0.073 f/cc it the entire exposure is conservatively assumed to have occurred within a 30 minute portion of each sampling period. However, it is highly unlikely that any exposures observed occurred totally within a 30-minute period, and the true excursion concentrations should be well below the values calculated. This study demonstrated, with 95% confidence, that the excursion limit would also not be exceeded. Although not-directly comparable, side-by-side comparison of PCM and TEM results suggest that none of the fibers observed via PCM analysis were asbestos. Utilizing a TEM analysis approach that considered all asbestos structures longer than 5 am with a-minimum 3-to-l aspect ratio, regardless of width, no asbestos structures were observed. Despite this TEM approach, the exposure concentrations observed in PCM analysis still fell well below the action level and the true mean exposure level for asbestos fibers only would be expected to be lower than the 0.0044 f/cc concentration calculated. According to the direction provided by RFCI and Armstrong in their Recommended Work Practices, the removal of existing resilient flooring, with subsequent removal of any asphaltic cutback adhesive, should only be performed when a new floor cannot be installed over the existing floor. Therefore, the results presented represent conservative estimates of exposure to asbestos fibers for a floor mechanic or -35- observer. Nevertneiess. exposures associated with asphaltic cutback adhesive removal still were considerably beiow both the OSHA action level and excursion limit. Analysis or total pamcuiates and respirable siiica during me-^uicai removal operations indicated that worker exposure was well beiow both the OSHA PEL of 0.14 rag/m1 for particulate material containing 69% silica and the ACG1H TLV of 0.1 mg/m1 for respirable silica. None of the samples analyzed contained respirable silica above the 0.04 me/m3 limit of quantification. The maximum total pamcuiates concentration was 0.04 mg/mJ for an 8-hour TWA.. Therefore, there is no indication whatsoever that either the PEL or the TLV for total pamcuiates or respirable silica will ever be exceeded during mechanical removal operations. The analysis of the results for this study provides historical data to support a determination that floor mechanic and observer exposure to airborne asbestos and silica during removal of asphaltic cutback adhesives will not exceed the action level or excursion limit if the Recommended Work Practices are followed. Therefore, an employer should be able to rely upon this study in lieu of conducting initial monitoring to comply with the requirements of the OSHA standard when removing asphaltic cutback adhesives in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. *36- VUl APPENDICES -37- s APPENDIX A Recommended Work Practices for Resilient Floor Coverings A.1 Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) A2 Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) Page A-2 A-26 -A-l- APPENDIX A.1 Recommended Work Practices for Resilient Floor Coverings Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) -A-2- (fbckt cava) BgtXMfMDEP WDBC PRACTICES tOU THE ROCWAL OP REsmair ticca ooromcs 4MHXMC Do Not Sand, Dry Script, BaedbUsc or Mechanically FUlrortze existing Resilient Flooring, Sacking, Or Lining fait. These Products My Contain Asbestos Fibers That Are Not Readily 'Identifiable. Using The Above Non-recotabendtd Procedures On Asbestos-* mnining rten-ax 'Can Create Asbestos Oust. The Inhaiacion Off Asbestos Dust May Causa Asbestosls Or Other Serious Bodily Haro. Sacking Greatly Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily Haro. NOTICE Various federal, state and local (overreaent agendas have regulations covering the removal of asbestoscontaining material. If you are considering the removal of resilient floor covering tnat contains, or is assured to contain, asbestos, you should determine if these regulations apply. The mi racomended .ork practices are ciesigned to comply vith cne feceral occupational asbestos permissible a:crsure limits. This nublicatior replaces- prior editions of these on nractices. Future editions cf these /ork practices nay bt issued to reflate this oubUcation. Issued by Rasillent Floor Covering Institute 966 Hungerford Drive Suite 12-B Rockville, J 208SO (301) 3M3-8S80 rsciXWCNDED WORK PRACTICES FCR RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS CONTENTS Introduction Raconanded Work Practices Preparation of Floors General Information Sieet Vinyl Floor Covering General Information and Preparation Special Precautions Complete Removal, Peripheral Complete Removal, 'Jnadhered ' Complete Renoval, Adhered Corplete Removal, 'Jnderlaymenc Resilient Tile Floor Covering General Information Complete Removal of Existing Resilient Til* Floor Coverent Complete Removal Tile and Underlayment Preparation of Adhesive Coated Subfloors oeGREMrr DOfOMAZICM FOR DEIALLE5S OF RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS Incructcdon The ..wnoer canrwrb.es of Che Resilient Floor Covering Inscicuce are :-anuf.iccurers of Che following forms o: Pjesiiienc Floor Coverings: 1. Sheet Vinvl 2. Vinyl Floor Tile ''vile today ehese products do not contain' asbestos, it is possible thac ir the past some of these products including asphalt tile, uav hav< contained firmly-encapsulated asbesco-. fibers. In the past' decade rauc, attention has been' focused on th< relationship between exposure e> asbestos fibers and respirator aiLr.ier.es. It has been determined tna ' inhalation of free airborne asbesco fibers may be injurious to health .'tawever, the asbestos fibers contalne in the above types of resilient floe coverings are not free but firmi encapsulated or locked in the produc during the manufacturing process Asbestos contained therein will ne become airborne during the lifetime c die product when these products are use and maintained as reccmended by ci ranufacturer. The Resilient Floor Coverir Institute is providing this booklet c recommended work practices fc installing or removing resilient floor so that you may proceed with this wo: In a prudent and Protected mamer. -2- Tfrere are several general rules to follow: 1. Unless absoLucely positive beyond ar.v coufcc cnac the floor Is a non- asoescos oroduct, assure it contains asbescos apc\ it tr. : *.e arrer prescribed in this -amnhlec for a floor ccncnir.in- asbestos. 2. It is ^referred to irscall a new floor over a floor which contains asbestos richer than to remove chat floor. This can be done by several -.ethods---directly over the existing floor; installing new .underLayment; or 'use of Leveling compounds following installation procedures reconmendec by the floor covering manufacturer. 3. removal should be considered the last alcemacive. 4. Never sand any resilient floor or its backing to remove them from the floor (See Warning). 5. Use a vacuum equiooed with a HEPA filter, disposable dust hag, and metal floor tool (no brush). 6. All sheet removal must be done using deterrent solution. . 7. All felt scraning must be done et. 6. Do not d.ry s'.'eeo. 9. Material removed -rust be olaced ir. meaw-duty nolyechylene baps a* least fj mils thic'<, prooerly labeled and disposed' of in an authorized landfill. -3- BEoatensuam mcncES PREPARATION OF FLOORS WITH OdSTDC RESILIENT FLOOR GOVE3U2CS TO RECEIVE NEW RESHJENT FLOOR COVERING Follow the installation instruct-. nubLis'ied by the manufacturer of the floor covering when a new resill sueec or tile 'floor covering is to instailzc on a surface presently cove with a resilient -floor covering. TV. instructions will tell you what must done to Che existing surface before new resilient floor covering can installed. Of the four general procedures lis below, Items la, b, and c are coverec manufacturers' instructions, item I covered specifically in this Practices ilanual.* 1. Resilime Floor Catering Instai Over ... (a) The Existing Surface. Fo: the manufacturer's instruct-. . for removing wax, filling ir. spots, etc. Use wet scrubb: Never sand an existing resil: floor cowering. . (b) New Underlayaent. ins: vmeLs on cop of the exis surface (wood subfloors cand apply new floor cove directly over this. Follow manufacturer's instructions, (c) Leveling Cagxanis. Follow manufacturer' s. instructions. * In case of minor variations. manufacturer's instructions s: be followed. ) Co^Letaly tamd Edsting Resilient FLaon: Goverlmg (a) Shc Vinyl--Sec instructions below: 11) "Complete Removal of Peripherally Adhered Sheec VinvL Floor Coverings," nage 6. ' (2) "Complete Removal of Fully Adhered Sheec Vinyl Floor Covering," nage 11.' (b) Tile--See instructions under heading "Complete Removal of an Existing Resilient Tile Floor Covering," page 20. SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING Preparation of Floors With existing Sheec Vinyl Floor Covering to Receive a New Resilient Floor Covering Sheet vinyl floor covering can be installed over existing resilient sheec ^^Inyl floor covering under certain cions. Be sure to follow the floor Covering manufacturer's instructions regard inn the conditions and floor orecarat ion required. If complete removal of the existing sheec vinyl floor covering is required, trie following instructions are to be followed: Supplies and Tools (refer Scotch 1.) 1. Broad sciff-biaded wall scraper or floor scraper. -J- .2 Utility or hook knife. 3. Tank type wet /dry HEPA (Higr Efflclency Particulate Air: filter vacuum cleaner wicr disposable dust hag and metal floor cool (no brush). 4. Large size heavv-duc\ inpermeable crash bags (at leas: 6 mils chick) or closec impermeable containers, wit: ties, capes, or string to ci< shut snd tags for labeling. .5.- Garden sntayer. 6 A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated co concai: an.lonic, .nonlonlc, anamphoteric surfactants. Th detergent should he mixed wit water to make a dilute solatia(16 oz. of deeergenc in on gallon of warm water).* 7. Pressure sensitive labels. S. Ground fault circuit incerrupte for connection of HEPA vzcul and any other .electrics equipment. WRONG Sketch 1. Tools and supplies for sheec removal ' "FRECAITTIGN: Resilient flooring become slippery when wet with a decerger. solution. Use caution to contain ch solution in the Immediate -work are. Standing on a new sheec of plywood non-slip surtace while wonting recotnrended. WMWDC Sketch 2. Never dry scraoe acierec areas of floor covering Mccr ccvgr: WARiBC ever sard rr. axis an: ~c'?T jcr.r nr r resicual rot :..rr WARNING . Skecc.n 4. ,ash hands before eating ano at. the end of Che work cay amen: rbcval of peripherally ACKERS) SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING A. ?renaracion 1. ''ovc all anpliances and furniture from che 'Jork area. 2. Remove all binding serins or ocher restrictive rnoldina from doorways, walls,' ecc. 3. Mix a detergent' solution (16 ounces of the sixscifieri liquid detergent [See r3e 5, *6] co 1 gallon of warn water) and oour inco a garden sprayer. 4. Clean che entire floor vising a we:/dry vacuum clearer equipned 'ich a :ulr'A fllcraclon System and metal floor attachment (ho brush). Do (tot Sweep. WRUNG ELECTRICAL SHDOC HK2AKL) EXISTS. USE A CROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER F ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A W ENVERCMCNT. 2. Cake a cut in the adhered flo covering 4 co 8 inches vu; oarallel with che wails, arounc : perimeter cf c.ve room. C. Starting on either side of c entrance door, pry uc die comer che first scrip, separating c backing layer. As che scrip -being removed, a constant mist the detergent solution must snrayed inco the deLamination r point co minimize any airborne ir. particles.* :^hen done properly, c feLt remaining on the floor and Che back of che strip will thoroughly wet. The strip is peel by pulling upward at an angle tr permits che best separation or rolling around a core. D. Roll che scrip tightly as it removed. Tie or tape securely place in a heavy-ducy imnemca: trash bag or closed inpermec.. concainer for disposal. E. Ic nay be necessary co remove a second strip following sceos -.3, !;) if the unadhered subfloor a ivas not been exncsed. PRECAUTION: Sesilienc 51oorlng oecc slippery when wet with a decery solution. Use ' caution. co contain solution in che immediate worx ar Standing on a new sheet of olwooc nonisliD surface wju.e wor^ir.g recommenced. y. Rmov* ll of che exDOjed residual felc by wee scraping before proceeding. RESIDUAL FELT MUST BE "SHWED BY WET SCRAPDC; 00 NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE IN ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING SCATDCNT. Wee Scraping tesickial Felc 1. Thorn r.hly "Ct the residual fa It ,.it i ere ''-ccer-enc solution r.nri ?Llow a fr..' minutes to soak. 2. Stand on Che repairing floor coverin'*. (not b-e felt) and use the '< fF-hisdad srraosr or a floor senior vith a replaceable biota to move the "*c felt. WARNING Never sand or dry scrape residati felc. See Warning Statement:. 3. .'<e-wet tha fair if the soludon haa rcc completely penetrated, if .-'vying occurs or If' dry felc is' exposed during scraping. Scraps all felc frou chis floor area before proceeding further. Pick ur the semrirti as they are rernved trot: tna flf-nv and -ilncc in -n neavv-dv.cy- ir.r?rr.able trash ha- or closed impermeable container. ". PRECAUTION: v.'ec residual felt as above but do not excessively soak or flood wood floors'with determent soludon. Excessive ncer can damage v.ood floors co doe extent chac new underlaymenc could be reauired. a floor due been wet serapec. .-.use oe allowed cry thoroughly before new resilie floortng is installed. Continue arcure, tne roam cermets :rf.v.r.; the cdherec flooring a.c z.'.c .Wu-ater, one strip at "o t,, fallm.-.ng steps J enrounn F.. Jo r. re:ovs the floorihg in .die encranc door..v>y until nil other flooring bssn so-nlecely removed. i.'. Place all flooring scrips and te scrapings ir.i;mdiacely utile wee ir. die recoranended crash bags. Clo full bags tightly and seal secure for disposal. Identify wish a lac* stating, "Caution--Concair Asbestos. Avoid opening or breatd: bag or container. breathi asbestos may cause sericus bocil harm. Dispose of in an apnrcvt . landfill only."* I. Vacuum up any residue of wet ie. scrapings Lxidiacely with a .vet/; vacuum cruinped -rvclt a ;JI?A filter 'NOTICE I Various federal, state, or loca J governmental agencies nave reft--attor 1 covering' the disposal of asoestos I containing material. If you ar J considering' die removal and disposal o. 1 resilienc floor covering that contain:- 1 or is assured co contain asbestos, yov | should decarmine if these regulations apply. The "FCI recomnendec wor* I practices are designed co-conplv vac; j the federal occupational asaesto permissible exposure limits. and oiaeal floor attachment 'no brush). Penove the unadh. sc floor 7 as detailed in Che following seeps. OCmJEIE REMOVAL OF SHEET VINYL FLOORING IN UNADKERE2) AREAS AND FLQORHC INSTALLED LOOSE LAID (UTIHOUr ACHESrVE) a. ?i*2;>? ration o Yavt ail noliances and furniture from che **ork area, o '-'enove nil bindin* scri-s or ocher restrictive -eldin'? frrdoOr.-ays, `..'alls, etc. o ?rs-re a dec^rnent solution -.10 ounces of the sneclfiei liruiu decergenr 'See oae 3) co 1 'alion of warm water! and nour into a -arden soraver. 0 Cl nan rhe encira floor `i ch a at/drv vacutr. eruimec -h.cn a '-TPK Filtration S'/sceri and netal floor actac-nenc-(no brush). Do h'oc Sweep. r'. Stare at Che end of the room farthesc fror. cne entrance ^ooroav and. out a serin i to ) inches `i.eie in the unacierad floorin-?. C. 3eve the cut strips while sorayin;; the natortenc solution directly into tie separation nm eoinc." !>o not "PRECAUTION: Dasill sat floorin'*, beccres jii-ncry '-hen wet with a detemenc solution.. t.'s-a caution to contain the solution in the immediate work area. Standing on a new sheet of plywood or non-slip surtace while wording is recor.i enc:ed. stand or kneel on the exoc suofloor during the removal proce- C. Poll t.-.e wet strip tightly ar.c or tone to- secure. Continue wor> towarc: the doorway, cutting s strio and removing it while sora-. f.c sanaratian nio point wit etcr'tr.t solution. Piece strips Lneciacaly into a ;teaw1....*:ar;.;aabla trash bag cr cle 1..nemc.ible container. Close rul bags tightly and seal securely disoosal. ' Identify with a Le stating, "Caution--Conca \sbescos. Avoid opening or nrea?.i2 or container. Sreath asbestos may cause serious boc harm. Disoose of in aoorc landfill only. (See NOTICE page ; E. After removing three series flooring, vacuim the e^sosed f using a wet/dry vacuan ecuippec a HEPA filter and metal f. actac'.nent (no brush). F. Seams and ocher adhered areas sr. he removed as they are encour.c by strinning the wear surface snvayir.g Che detergent solution the delar.anation nip pome anc scraping the resicwal felt as nreviously described in cc.-.r removal of peripherally acr. flooring. C. Continue removing flooring 1 only one three-strip area at a until the entire floor has completely removed. H. '..`hen the whole floor has completely removed, let it cry -12- vacuum up any dust using a vacuum wlch a HEPA Filtration System and a iccal floor cool (no brush). Stand only in vacuumed areas as you croceec across the floor. Position me vacu.r.*. cleaner so mac .-`isc.'v.mc atr coes roc clou on me floor "'.-eir.-. cleaned. WARNING Do not dry sweep; avoid creating oust. SEZ WARNING STATEMENT. I. Ta'w che vacuum cleaner cucsiria and carefully remove the dust hag and nlnce it in a heavy-duty i. permeable trash bay cr closed' Impermeable container, .hich is labeled as above, for disyosaL. (Sea "vg: 11 . wtgraph !).) J. '(hen che floor is dry, install che new resilient floor covering - following manufacturers' installation recomendations. & aKPlZTE REMOVAL OF AN EXISTING ADHERED SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING If complete ratrval is required, follow these ip.scruccions: WARNING Never Sand an Ebashing Floor Covering A. Prerviraclon 1. :vove all appliances and furniture from the uork area. 2. Remove ill binding scrips or ocher restrictive molding from doorways, wells, ecc. 3. Prepare a deter,gene solution (16 oirces of Che specified detergent -13- (See page 3] col gallon of warm acer) and pour into a garcer. sprayer. Clean che entire floor wit.-, a. wee/dry vacuum equipped vac.n a -JUC'A fileraclon Sysceiii and .*eca. :lexer arzachr.enc (no orusn). lot Sweep. KaJse a series of parallel cues a cc 3 inches apart, parailel to a wall. Z. Start at the end of che roo:. farthest from che entrance door; pr> up che comer of che firsc scrip, separating the backing layer. aj che scrip is being removed, constant raise of che detergent solution .*usc be sprayed inco tht dala.tinacion nip pcinc to minimizt ,any airborne dust particles, '.'he; done properly, Che felt remaining ot the floor and on che back of erv scrip :/lll be thoroughly wee. IK serin is peeled by pulling upward a an angle chat pennies che bes separation or by rolling amount core. WARNING ELECTRICAL SftDTBCARD EXISTS. US A GROKD FAUX CrPOJTT DflERRUPTE FOR ANY ELECIRICAL COHECnONS IN WEX ENVOOMENT. D. Roll che scrip cigncly as it L removed. Tie or tape securely an place in a heavy duty lnperneaol crash bag or closed LmpermeaDl container for disposal. .. E. Occasionally, parts of che Z wc inner-layer will remain stuck to c: becking.' Tats condition can -14- somecimes be eliminated bv nulling che scrips loose from tne opposite end. ?eel the faar.: inner-layer from the floor while soraymc : *.a .-'scer-ane solution into cne neLv-inacipn nio poinc. Sor.a resil-iant floorin'; is roc readily scri t-'etle ov harv'. .hen cnese conoicions are incctr.ccrtc, ic ay be -'cessary :o jrr.oioy a S'an, sciff 'l-ade scraper to .assise cleavage of the wearlayer from celt (distance between cues in wearlayer should be narrot*r, 3" Co 5" vide). MOTE: Aftnardless of -hich cne cf the previously acnctonec -echoes is used, for cne wear surrace, cne cecertenc solution -ausc oe snraven inco 1 cne ceiaminadon nio ooinc -to m1ni.r-.2e....anv alroo--m. --e --ou--st na rc'ici--e"s. r. Repeat the weceing and removal process on che next cwo scrips, placing them inmerilaceiy into che recommenced crash bags or containers for disposal. NOTE: During che scripting process, do noc stand or walk on che ooosed felt. G. Afcar removing three scrips of che wear surface, che remaining residual celc muse be removed by wee scraping before proceeding. MAIMING RESIDUAL FELT MUST "HE RDCVED BY WET SCRAPING; DO NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE IN ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING STATEMENT. -15- H. Wee Scraping Residual Felc 1. T.mrougnly wee rise residual lea the decergenc solution. void excessive veccir.g standing v.-acer. '..'ate ranuces co allow die solutio-. soak inco che felc. 2. Stand on che remaining f covering (not Che felc) anc tie sclff-placed scraper : . floor scraper wicn a repLace; blade co remove che wee felt WARNING Never sand or dry scrape resi< felc. See Warning Statement. 3. 'le-wec c.ie felc if. che $ol_: has noc comolecaLy penetrr if drying occurs or if cry is exposed during scrap: Scrane.all felc from chis : area before proceeding cure Pick up che scrapings as are removed from che floor place in a heavy-c impermeable crash bag or cl impermeable container. PRECAUTION: Wee residual as above"3uc do noc excess: soak or flood wood floors detergent solution. Exces water can damage wood floor che extent that underlaymenc could be recut A floor chac has been scraped bust be allowed := thoroughly before new resil flooring is installed. 4. Afcer removing the three s: of flooring vacuun cne exoc= -16- floor using * wee/dry vacuum ecuioped with a HEPA filter and mecal floor atcachranc (no brush). I. Senear the operation (wetccr.z the dclg-inacian nin point -hUe renew**/: :i2 r.xt chree serins, men vet scrape the residual felt cnen vacuum the a?:nosic floor). Do only one three-scrii area ac a tine '.r.ciL one eneirs floor has' been completely removed. WARNING ELECTRICAL SHEKTWiARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INIERRUPIIR FDR AMY ELECTRICAL OOtiECnCMS IN A WET ENVIROMENT. rlace all flooring scrips and felt scratings iraradiacely while wet into c.ie reconnended crash hags. Close, full bags tightly and seal securely for disposal. Identify .rich a libel statin-, "'*iution--Contains .`.sbeccos. -'.void ,->^rrin- -r brsalii"** , or`container. Aria-bin- 'shestos -w.* cause serious sot'll" -an. Ctsoos- in.an approved ' landfill only." (Sea "OTICS paye 9.) WARNING Do Not Dry sweep; Avoid Creating Dust. See Warning Statement. ". `..hen the whole floor has been cor.pletely removed, let it dr;/ and vacuum up any dirt usin a vacuur. with a fEPA'Filtration System and a metal floor attachment (no brush). Spend only in vacuumed area as you -'roceed across Che floor. Position cne vacuum cleaner so the discharge 17 air does not blow or, the floor being cleaned. 1. Take the vacuum cleaner ojtside and carefully remove the cusc tag anc ilaca it in a heavy-duty LmermeacLe tras.i oai cr closed LvperraeabLe container for disposaL, wnich is Libeled as above. :!. ''hen cne floor is dry, it is ready tc have a new resilient floor covering inscallea. .Follow the floor covering manufacturer's instructions. OMUIE REMOVAL OF THIN WOOD (JNDSOAttCNr COVERED WITH EXISTING SHEET VINYL RESILIENT FLOORING T.ie removal of resilient flooring over .dod subf Loots using the we strioping/wee scraping ..echod may not :> practical in cases vrtiere multiple layer of floor, covering are present, wher non-reconmenried underlaymencs were used or where the flooring was made with heavy faar. baching. As an alternative ti2 '-cod underlaynent can be remove with the flooring adhered' to it FolLowing are the details. A. Preparation o Love all appliances an furniture from the work area, o Remove all binding scrips c ocher restrictive . molding fre doorways, walls, etc. o Prepare s detergent solution Cl ounces of Che specified LLrui detergent [See page 5] to gallon of warn **nter) and poi into a parden sprayer, o Clean the entire floor with a \ -13- wet/riry vacuum eruiooed vie.-, a : Filtration System and -rac.il floor cool (no brusn). ?.. Looace che joints zi me uncerLavne:: ''1-al farthest frsr.t cr.e ancrar.ee 'lOOT. Z. Cue a.scri-n. zi :*.e flooring - :c ; inenes vide cencarec: ever : .: >jnderlaymenc joint in. c.'.e v.:u : being removed. D. Pr" un the corner of the serin senarecing che backino lever. \s cne serin is" be inn rrwjc:, n, constant -1st of the '`.ecsrr.er.c solution -!usc ~n sorysri into the celaminaeion nio cine to ".iri.-iza any airborne dusc -articles. '.hen done rrooerly, any felt remaining on tna floor and on cne back of the serin viil be thoroughly vat. The scrio is oeeled b' nulling j&arii *c an angle that nermics the best senaration or by rollins around a core. g) PRECAUTION: Resilient flooring becor.es slippery -vnen vet with a detergent solution. Use caution to contain the mlucion in c -.c irmeclatc won area. Sc.inc.Lr~ m a rev sheet of plywood or 'non-slip surtace -.rale worxing isrecormenciea. E. Roll the scrip cig'ncly as it is removed. Tie or tape securely and nlace in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bar or closed impermeable container for disposal* which is Labe lad "Caution--Contains Asbestos. Avoid opening or breaking bag or container. Breaching asbestos .nay cause serious bodily harm. Dispose -IV zi ir. an approved landfill only. ' WHNDC RESIDUAL FELT HETBE REKMED BY SCRAPENG; ID NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AV CREATING DUST. SEE WARONG SIAIS-ec. '`.:..iov3 .iLl of cne a:posea res:: l-it jv vac scraoinc uei wmeving. Wee Scraping Residual Felt 1. Thoroughly wet the residual f with the detergent solucicn allow a few r.-inuces to soax. 2. Stand on the remaining cl covering (not che felt) anc Che sciff-bladed scraper cr a floor scraper vrich a replaces-* blade to remove che wet calc. WARUNG Never sand or dry scrape residial fe See Warning Scacaosic 3. Re-wet the felt if che soluc has not 'cawLeceiy penecrc: if drying occurs or if cry : is exoosec curing scrao: Scrane all felt from this area oefore oroceeding curc.Pick up che scrapings as : are removed from che floor place in a heavy-c. impermeable crash bag or cl: impermeable container. 4. Continue arouro che underlayr panel completely removing adhered flooring over joints. -20- 5. Place all' fLooring scrips and elc sctapirigs iinmediacely while -* v*t lnco che recommended crash bags. dose full bags tightly nr.d seal secureLv for disposal. I-tr.ctfy '.-del*, a label seating, "Caucion--Cor.cains Asbestos. \voic. mening or breaking bag or container. .1reaching asbestos -ay cause serious bodily ham. IHspose in an approved landfill or.lv." (See NCTTICF. page 9.) $. Vacuum the o'nosoti floor area using a *iec/c*ry vacuum equipped *ich a !!F?A filter arid octal floor attichpent .(no brush). T. 4% m-H? Drive a cold chisel -using a hammer or -vallet into the joint at a comer of the panel, -ow use the cniscl to ory the panel up tar enough to inserc a ory bar. Continue working around che panel, lifting all edges slowly. Use one or r. nry bars to pry up che uiricrlaynenc nanel -a little at a cine until che panel is cocnlscely loose and can be' removed. Every 'attempt snould be -tide co remove che* oanel in ona nice*. H. If che traderlayr.ent panel breaks, cue the resilient * flooring at che break and spray cne detergent solucion onto die oTwsort felt. Allow che solution to penecrace for a few minutes, then continue lifting che broken unrierlaynenc. r wAwmc ELECTRICAL SHOCK FKZfflD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT DfTEJtHLJPTER. FOR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET ENVIRO^On'. -21- I. Remove each underlaymenc oanel or piece from cha work area as it is lifted to avoid injury. Wear reav\ gloves wnen handling removed panels*. Be very careful of uood splinter' anc protruding fa.eners. Flatten :r.s fasteners ..ich a harrier and stack ent i.inaU rac.: to hacn on pallecs ot place in axtpsccr. Identify panel: with a label stating, "Caution-- ConcaLns asbescos. . Avoid breakins panels. Traaching asbestos may cause serious bodily harm. Dispose of ir an Approved landfill only." Place any small wood or flooring scraps it a heavy-duty impermeable crash bag o: closed impermeable container fo: disposal. Idancify aLl of chi containers and bags vich a labe. seating, "Caution--Contains Asbescos Avoid opening or breaking bag o container. Breaching asbescos -& cause serious bodily harm. Dispose of in an approved landfill only." J. If che underlaymenc extends unde cabinets or wall partitions, ic wil be necessary to cut chrougn th flooring wich* a knife as close to cn vertical surface as possibLe, deepl scoring cite panel. This should alio removal. K. After each panel has been lifeau .nr. removed from che work area, pull _ any remaining nails or fasceners che subfloor.' L. Continue removing each underlayner. panel following seeps G chrougn R. M. ..'hen Che underlaymenc/resLILen flooring removal is completed prepare che subfloor following j -22- manufacturer 's installation recommendations. RESHJEMT T2ZZ FLOCK COVERING Preparation of Floors With Mating Reeiliant'Tiles Co Raealvt Nov Reeillcnc Floor Covering Some' resLiienc floor coverings can X installed over existing resilient tile tnscallactons. . Follow the installation instructions published by the manufacturer of the new floor covering when a new resilient floor covering is to be installed on a surface presently covered, wich a resilient floor covering. These instructions will cell you what must "be done to the existing surface before the new resilient floor covering can be installed. WARNING Never Send en Existing rile Installation (see Sketch 4) Complete Rowel of Existing Resilient Tilt Floor Covering Stgjpliea end Tools (refer Sketch 14)1 1. Sharp stiff blade floor scraper. 2. Weighted scraper with long handle. 3. Safety glasses. 4. Hammer 5. Hoc air gun. 6. Wet/dry vacuum with a HEFA Filtration System and natal floor attachment (no brush). 7. Heavy-duty, lspermeable, plastic -23- trash bags with minimm 6 mil y. thictaeae. 8. Garden sprayer. 9. A liquid dishwashing deterge . hfclch is stated to contain anion: nonionic, and amphoter surfactants. The detergent sho be mixed with water to make dilute solution (1 oz. of decerg' to one gallon of water). 10. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x or larger. 11. Ground fault circuit lnterr^j' for comectlon of HEFA vecuun . any ocher electrical equipment. Whenever possible, existing tile f_o should be left in place and the . floor adhered directly to the r following manufacturer's directions. Occasionally, there is no altemac except to remove the tile; curling, p bond and breakage are aimw reasc If removal is unavoidable, eonalderac trust also be given to subfloors css wich asphalt tile adhesive, following procedures address reccnmended work practice for remova'. floor tile and preparation of adhes: coated floors. Removal Procedure A. Preparation 1. Move all appliances furniture from the work are. 2. Remove all binding strips c ocher restrictive molding f doorways, walls, ate. 3. It is also suggested chat entire floor be cleaned wi . wet/dry vacuum equipped wt HEPA Filtration System a: metal floor attachment ;no 24- W brush). Oo Not Suaap. B. Those trui norms11y exposed to heavy foot traffic patterns usually have tiles adhered the tightest. As a matter of good practice in starting the tile removal, chose sections which receive the least traffic should be the locations selected for starting the removal of Che tile. Since tiles are normally in a 9" x 9" or 12** x 12" distension, it snould be the goal to remove individual dies as a complete unit although breakage of some tiles is unavoidable. ,r. C. Start the removal by carefully wedging the wall scraper In ehe seam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from che floor. Continue to force che balance of che tile up by working ehe scraper beneath che tile and exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the tile from che adhssive and che floor. `* ' * ..... -* ^D. When Che first tile 1a removed, place it, without breaking it furthar into smaller pieces, in e heavy-duty impermeable crash bag or dosed Impermeable container which will be used for disposal. E. With the removal of the first tile accessibility of Che other tile is Improved. Force che wall scraper under the exposed edge of another tile and continue to exert a prying twisting force to the scraper as it Is moved under ehe tile uiell che tile releases from the floor. Again, dispose of Che tile, and succeeding -2S- tiles, by placing in che heavy-ciir beg or closed container withou additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varylr degrees of force. Where tb adhesive is spread haavily or 1 quite hard, it may prove easier t forec che scraper through eb tightly adhered areas by scrlkir cne scraper handle with a harm using blows of moderate force whi! maintaining the scraper at a 25 * 30 angle to Che floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. G. If some areas are encountered whe even the technique detailed in c previous paragraph proves to inadequate, Che rmaoval procedu can be simplified by chorougn hasting che tlle(s) with a hoc a blower until che heat penecrat through che tile and softens c adhesive. NOB: Handle che hoc air blowt tiles and adhesl carefully to avoid persor . --. bums. ^> .-x* i . -- - ~. NOB: Do not handle Che heat tiles and adhesive withe suitable glove protect: for the hands: H. As small areas of subfloor a clearad of tile, the adhesl remaining on the floor must treated. " The degree of treaerr for residual "cut-back" adhesive dependant upon che type of resilient floor covering materia v e*. -26- _ co be installed end Che type of subfloor. See pege 32 Prepermdor of Adhesive Cosrod Subfloor for special reconmendaeions. " If- new resllleic floor die is co be Inscalled over a concrete subfloor using anaspnalcic adhesive, che residual' aspnalclc "cue-back" adhesive muse be lefc so chat no ridges cr puddles are evident and what remains Is a chin, smooch film. Wee Scraping Residual Adhesive (1) Scare in Che comer of che room farchesc from che entrance door and molscen an area approximaeely 3' x 10' -with water mixed with the specified liquid dishvmsning detergent 1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergenc to one gallon of water) co aid in weedng che adhesive. Wee scrape with a sciff-bladed wall or floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable crash bag or ocher impermeable container and seal with ties, cape or scrlng and label "Caution--Concalns Asbescos. Avoid opening or breaking container. Breaching asbescos is hazardous co your health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet vaeiun standing water with HE?A wet/dry vacuun. -27- (6) Continue seeps (1) through until whac remains of che residual asphalcic ."rut-b. adhesive is a chin, sme film. I. As indicated in previ - paragraphs, dies should be pi immediately in a heavy-c impermeable crash bag or cl impermeable container. Do accempc co break dies fur: after they are in che bag. J. When all dies arid adhesive res have been removed from che f and placed in heavv-c polyethylene bags ae lease 6 chick or closed containers, che bags securely for disposal label: "Caucion--Conca Asbescos. Avoid opening breaking bag or contalr Breaching asbescos may serious bodily harm. Dispose approved landfill only." K. . Vacuum up any dire in the using a vacuum equipped wich a filter and metal floor attacr (no brush). L. After vacuusing, used HEPA fi. and cleaner bags should be re according to manufactur instructions and placed in a r. duty impermeable crash bag v. label seating "Caucion--Cor. Asbescos. Avoid openir. breaking container. Brea' asbescos is hazardous co health. Dispose in an ape landfill only." dose and sea crash bags securely for dispes -28- Complete Removal of Ihin liood (JhderJLsyemnt Cwwd with &d,sting Tilt Supplies and Tools 1. Chisel. 2. Hammer or mailec. 3. Shore- and long-handled pry hers. 4. Heavy gloves. 5. Sharp stiff-blade floor scraper. 6. Weighted scraper with long handle. 7. Safety glasses. 8. Hanmer. 9. Hoc air gisi. 10. Wet /dry vacua with a HEPA Filtration ' System and metal floor attachment (no brush). 11. Heavy-duty, Impermeable, plastic crash begs with minima 6 mil wall thickness. 12. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x 5" or larger. 13. Ground fault cireuie interrupter for connection of HEPA vacua and any other electrical equipment. Removal Procedure A. Preparation 1. Move aLl appliances and-"' furniture from the work area. 2. Ramove any binding strips or other restrictive molding from doorways, wails, etc. 3. It is also suggested Chat the entire floor be cleaned with a wet/dry vacuum equipped with .a HEPA Filtration System and a J metal floor attachment (no brush). Do Not Swap. - a -T B. Starting at the doorway or a floor ventilation wit, locate a joint in an underlaywnc board. -29- C. Start Che removal by carefully wedging the wall scraper in the seam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one cf the dies up and.sway from the floor. Conclnua to force the balance of the tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile anc exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the die fror the dheive and eha floor. .Continua to remove die in this manner, at all joints, until all board Joints are exposed. D. When the first. tile is removed place it, without breaking L: further into smaller pieces, in < heavy-duty InpexoaabLe trash bag ocLosed lapetmeable container whlc will be used for disposal. E. With Che removal of the first til accessibility of the other die i lsproved. Force the wall scrape under Che esqposed edge of another tile end continue to exert a prylr. twisting fores to the scraper a it is moved under the tile untl the tile releases from the floor Again, dispose of the tile, ar succeeding tiles, by placing In d heavy-duty beg or closed containc without additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varylr. degrees of force. Where ch adhesive is spread heavily or 1 quite hard, it may prove easier c force the scraper through d tightly adhered areas by striki: the scraper handle with a hanmer -30- uslng blows of moderate force while maintaining the scraper at a 25 to 30 angle to the floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. C. If some areas are encountered where even the technique detailed in the previous . paragraph proves to be inadequate, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating Che cile(s) with a hoc air blower until Che heat penetrates chrougr. the tile and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hoc air blower, tiles and adhesive carefully to avoid personal bums. MOTE: . Do not handle the heated tiles and adhesive without suitable glove protection for the hands. H. After all the tiles have been removed from the underlayment joints, drive a chisel, using a hammer or a-mallet, between the mderlaymenc board and the subfloor. Use the chisel to pry ' up the inderlaymenc enough to insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Slowly and carefully use pry bars to pry up cha undarlaymenc board a little at a time until cha board is completely Loose and can be removed.I. I. Caution must be used to avoid breaking the mderlayment board. The underlayraenc board should be removed in one piece. If the undarlaymenc board breaks, haat and cut cha tile at the break, then continue to remove broken underlayment. J. Wear heavy gloves and bs very careful of wood splinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of the under layment. Each inderlaymenc -3i- baerd (or piece of board) should removed from the work area as . as it has been pried Up to a' injurl' such as sceppl _ on a nail). Fasteners protruding fr: removed board should be flacti with a hammer. Place remc inderlaymenc boards on skids the nails pointing downward, skid with 6 mil polyethy: plastic sheeting and secure duct cape. Identify with a L stating "Caution--Conca Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking container. Breach asbestos may cause serious bo harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only." K. After each board has been-re-rc. pull out any nails or fasce still in the subfloor. Dlspos these ' and any other nail: fasteners which have been rer but are still lying in the area. L. A chisel is roc needed to scar, removal of boards after the : board has been removed. S: work Che pry bar under the ex edge of' the next board. M. When removal of the uhderlay existing tile floor is" come thoroughly check the exp subfloor. RenalL loose area: reset any "popped" nail fasteners. N. Vacuum up any dirt in the using the vacuun cleaner eai with the HEPA filter and floor attachment (no brush). -32' 0. After the underlayment is completely removed, inscell Che new underlayment, end/or floor covering according to Che manufacturer's installation instructions. PftEPAJtATiat OP ADHESIVE COATED SUBFLOORS The degree to which residual asphalt adhesive has to be removed depends on the new flooring material which is being installed. Generally installation of Vinyl Composition Tile requires only the wet removal of acheslve ridges, excess adhesive, and loose adhesive residues. (See page 25, paragraph H.) Installation of sheet flooring and specialty tiles requiring latex, resin, or epoxy adhesives will require that the residual asphaltic adhesive be essentially completely removed. Warning Regarding Complete Adhesive Removal: Some Solvent Baaed ,TX*-Beck" Asphaltic Adhesives May Contain Asbestos Fibers That Are Not Readily Identifiable. Do Not Use Power Devices Which Create Asbestos Dust in Removing These Adhesives. The Izhsladon Of Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbeseosls Or Ocher Serious Bodily Han. Seeking Qceacly Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily Harm. t- - , r- I. Recommended Method for Preparing Concrete Subfloors Coated with Cut- Back or fteil slor Tils Adsssive Unless absolutely positive beyond any doubt chat the adhesive Is a nonasbestos predict, assume it contains -33- asbestos and treat it in the manna prescribed in this pamphlet for cut-beck or emulsion tils adheslv containing asbestos. A. TroweLabia Underlaycent Cover the adhesive residue wit trowelable undcrlaymen following the manufacturer' recommended appLlcaclo procedures. (Reccomended fc residential ust only.) - -B. C. Self-Leveling Cementitlou Underlayment Follow manufacturer's recommendations for use c these types of underlayments . a covering for adhesive coatm conerets. ~ - `HDB: All wamntles and recommendations as to z\ suitability and performance o these products are c! responsibility of tt manufacturer of tt underlayment. *.*; . Adhesive Removers The Resilient Floor Coverl Institute does not ranunmd approve the use of the products. There are a ru of commercial adhesive remove on the market that ui properly remove cut-back eaulslon adhesive residue fr a subfloor; however, (here a concerns that thesa produc may adversely effect the r. adhesive and new flO' covering. 34- 0. Wet Removal SuppLlms ml Tools 1. Broad sciff-bladed util or floor scrapers, a 4-inch wide blada wich handle is recommended. 2. No. 1 sandblasting sand (clean, sharp, course cutting sand). 3. Tercazzo or low-speed floor machine fitted with a floor plate attachment (Clark Assy. 500212-6). 4. Hand-held rubbing stones. 5. Wet/dry tank-type vacuus cleaner equipped with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter and metal floor attachment (no brush). 6. Heavy-duty polyethylene bags at least 6 mils thick, cape or ties, and labels. 7. Slip-resistant shoes or rubber heels. 8. Ground fault circuit incempcer for electrical connection of the HEPA vacuum and any ocher electrical connections required. 9. Garden sprayer. 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain anionic, nonlonle, and amphoteric surfactants. The detergent should be mixed with water to make a dilute solution (1 oz. of litniid in one gallon of water). 35- pMflkM 1. Start in the comer of room farthest from entrance door and mol; an area of the edhes approximately 3' x 10' . water mixed with lie dishwashing detergent aid in wetting the -adhesive). Wet scrape * a stlff-bladed wall floor scraper remov ridges and any lo adhesives,, well onl thin smooth film remain. 2. Place loosened adhe< residues into a haevyimpermeable crash be* other Ispaaaaable conca and seal with &cs, cap string end label "Csuci Contains Asbestos. A opening or breaking ha container. Breat: asbescos may causa be harm. Dispose ir. approved landfill only. 3. Wet vacuus standing wee wich HEPA wee/dry vacu. 4. Continue stepe 1 ehmu$ until entire area is scraped. 5. Place cutting sand ir container (enough to an approximate 6' area), add water mixed liquid detergent (1 oz the specified date: [See page 33] to one g of wacerl to the ser danpen (20 lbs. of s* 1/2 gallon of soluCler 6. Place sand over e 6' area and wet movi ch 36- existing dhcslv* residue using e terrazzo floor machine. Keep sand under rubbing scones when openelng ehe machine. The sand and the subfloor rcusE 6c* continuously wept wee. 7. occasionally pusn away cuceing sand from ehe subfloor with a wall or floor scraper co check for complete removal. 8. Adhesive around Che edge of Che room and areas ehae were missed can be removed with danpaned, clean, sharp cueclng sand and a hand held rubbing scone. 9. Wee scrape sand into a pile using a sciff-bladed floor or wall scraper and place sand and adhesive resldje in a haavy-duey lapcrmeabie. container, seal with cits or cape arid label "Caution- Contains Asbestos. Awld opening or breaking bag or i". container. Breaching asbestos may.cause bodily, harm. Dispose in an *" approved landfill only." ` 10. Rinse area wieh clear, clean water using the hand sprsyer. f 11. Wet vaoxn standing water with a wee/dry vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter and metal floor accachmene {-no brush) * . . ~ --*vg 12. Continue seep* 1 through 8 " until ehe entire room is eonpltce. 13. Allow subfloor co dry and vacuum up any remaining 37. dire or sand using a vaeuu equipped with a HEPA filter an mscal floor cool (no brush). Electrical Shock Hazard Exists Use A Ground Fault Circui Interrupter For Any Electrics Connections la A Hot Bwiroceenc. II. Recommended Mtiada far Freparii Hood SubCLoors Coccarl with Gut-Bee or ftatlaion Hie Aiasivs A. Troutlable Underlayment Cover the adieslve residue vt' ttowelable underlayment following manufacturer recommended applieaclc procedures. (Recommended f residential use only). B. Wood Panal Uhderlayment* normally it will not necessary to remove the c tile when Installing n undarlayment over a sing layer of tile. However, if c tile trust be removed, t tackiness of the adhesive to. be "dried-up" before install! new underlayment. This can dona by spreading a layer powder from latex patch! compound "(either type) a vacuuming up Cha execs Another method la to place layer of asphalt seturac pattern scribing felt or two layers of newspaper over the tacky adhesive resldje 'Vsiic: j.' -* See manufacturers' gscanaandatlaru for approved inkrlaymsnt types. -38- before the underlayment it installed. If Che old adheaive Is not "dried-up" before the underlaymenc is installed, there Is the possibility that a ''cracking'1 sand will be heard wtwn the new floor is walked on, creating an unsatisfactory condition. This occurs because the mderlaymenc is pressed into the tacky adhesive by foot traffic. When the pressure is released, the unaerlayment sticks momentarily and then springs from the tacky adhesive, creating a "cracking" noise. C. Removal of Adhesive Coated Underlaymenc Panels If removal of the existing underlaymenc panels is necessary follow the procedure outlined uajer "Complete Removal of Thin Wood Underlaymenc Covered with Existing Resilient Flooring" steps C - M (pages 19 - 21). WHDC Do Not Sand, Dry Scrape, Baadblaac Mechanically Pulverize Exist Resilient Flooring, Becking Or Lin Felt. These Products May Cent Asbestos Fibers That Are Not Reed Identifiable. Using the Above N recommended Procedures On Aebesc Containing Material Can Create Aabes Duet. The Inhalation Of Ashestoe I May Cause Asbeseosie Or Other Seri Bodily Ham. Sacking Greatly lucre* The Risk of Serious Bodily Hem. (BMX COVER) Issued By Resilient Floor Covering Institute 966 lingerford Drive, Suite 123 Roci<vtLle, >D 20650 (301) 340-5580 February 1990 This nubUcacion repLaces orior editions of these wort; nractices. future editions of these uorh practices -yiy be issued to raoLace this publication.' RFCI-UP-1980 Revised 1987 Revised 1990 APPENDIX A2 Recommended Work Practices for Resilient Floor Coverings Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) -A-26- (Armstrong c iszi :. B.o n Sutn V  Removal of wood underteyment boards a. Alter til the Mm hava bun removed from the undartaymant joma. dm* a chisel, using a hammer or a ntattat betwean the underlaymant board and the aubfloor. uso tna cnisal to pry uo the undartaymant enough to msart a pry bar and remove tna cnisal. Slowly and carefully usa pry ban to pry up tha underlaymant board a tittla at a time until tha board is compiataiy toosa and can ba removad. b. Caution must ba usad to avoid breaking tha imdanaymant board. Tha undertayment board should ba removad in ona piece. if tna undarlaymant board breaks, haat and cut tha We at tha break, than eonttnua to ramova brofcan undartaymant e. Wear haevy graves and ba careful of wood spiintare and fasteners sticking out of tha back of tha undartaymant. Each underlaymant board (or pwca of board) should ba removad from tha work area as soon as it has baan pned up to avoid injuhes-(such ss stopping on a nail). Fastanare protruding from removad board should ba flattened with a hammer. Place removed undartaymant boards on skids with tha nads pointing downward. Wrap skid with 6-mtf pofyathylana plastic sheeting and secure with duct tape. Identify with a label stating: "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." d. Attar each board has baan removad. pull out any nails or fastanare soU in tha sudfloor. Dispose of these and any other nails or fastanare which have baan removed but are still laying-rn tha mark area. a. A chisel is not needed to start the removal of boards after the first board has been removed. Simply work the pry bar under the exposed edge of the next board, t. When removal of tha undarlaymant under the existing floor ia complete, thoroughly check tha exposed subfloor. Rena* loose areas and resat any "popped" nuts or faswnere. g. Vacuum up any dirt in tha area using the' HEPA vacuum cleaner with tna metal floor tool. h. After vacuuming, usad HEPA filters and daanar bags should ba removed according 'to manufacturer's instructions and piacad m s heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution't-contains asbestos. Avoid Opening.or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose m an approved landfill only." Close and seal tha trasn bags securely for CjiSpOMl* I. Altar tha floor is completely dry, install the new undartaymant andtar floor covering according to tna manufacturer's installation instnictiona. APPENDIX B Analysis of Air Monitoring Sampling Data -B-l- NOTICE: Regulations Affecting the Removal of Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Various government agencies have regulations govemino the removal of iifplace asbestos-containing material, if you contemplate the removal of a resilient floor covering structure that contains (or is assumed to contain) asbestos, you should determine whether such regulations apply. THIS EDITION OF THE RECOMMENOED WORK PRACTICES. F-2622-3901 SUPERCEDES ALL OTHERS. ALL PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE NOW OBSOLETE. 2 Important information for installers of resilient floor coverings What You Should Know About Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Vinyf*$oestos tile and asphalt tile contain asbestos fibers, as did some aspnaitic "cut back" adhesives and the backings of many sheet vinyt floonngs and lining felts. presence of the asbestos m these products s not readily identifiaPie. Unless absolutely positive beyond any douot that the product is a nonasbestos-contammg material, always assume it does contain asbestos. Armstrong's Recommended Work Practices ana a defined set of instructions addressee ; the task of removing all resilient floor cover ing structures whether or not they contain asbestos. When Armstrong s Recommenced Work Practices are followed, resilient floor covenng structures that contain (or are assumed to contain) asbestos can be removed in a manner that will comply win the currant OSHA Occupational Exposure to Asbestos Standard's Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Numerous products, devices and teenmaues have been recently introduced and/or 'ecom. mended for the removal of resilient floor covenng structures. Armstrong is only ace ' endorse its own Recommenced Worn P-actices. Before you use any other practice *cr the removal of an in-piace resilient floor covenng product that contains (or is assume to contain) asbestos, you should determine the practice meets ail applicable regulations or standards including those of the Gccucational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for Occupational Exposure to Asoestos and that the matenal will be compatible with the new door covenng to be installed.  * V* l\ Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings TAILS OF CONTENTS__________________ ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OF EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS )______________ installing resilient floor covering over existing resilient floor covering ................................ p. 5 Use of emoossihg leveier........ p. 6 Installing resilient floor eovenng over new unoetlayment.......... p. 6 2 REMOVAL OF RESILIENT SHEET m FLOORING - p ________________ Supplies ana tools................. p 6 Removal procedure, fully aohereo resilient street floonng p7 Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-iay) or peripherally adhered resilient sheet floonng ................................. p. 11 are REMOVAL OF RESILIENT TILE We p, 13 Supplies ana toots.................. p 13 Removal procedure ................ p u 4 REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL a ADHESIVE - p 17 Recommendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive ................ Supplies and tools.................. Wet-scraping residual adhesive Removal of residual adhesive . p 17 p 20 p 21 p 21 COMPLETE REMOVAL OP WOOD we UNOERLAYMENT - p 23_________ Supplies and tools *................. Unaenayment removal procedure ................ p 23 p24 i 1 ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OF ' e EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS Removal of the existing resilient floor is the final alternative (see note oeiow). Armstrong recommends that wnenever possible you leave the axis;.. a .esilient floor covenr.a .<> place and go over the top with your new floor. Note: Alternatives to the removal of an existing resilient floor over approved subfloors are: (1) Installing directly over a single layer of improved existing resilient floonng. (2) Filling the embossing of the existing resilient floonng with S-188 Emoossmg Leveier before instaflaoon (restdennaJ products only). (3) Covering existing resilient floonng on an approved suspended wood subftoor witn a recommended wood unaenayment Contact your local Armstrong oealer for our recommendations or consult Armstrong's brochure F-5061, `'Armstrong Engineered in stallation System." Installing resilient floor covering over existing resilient floor covering When you pirn to install a new resilient sneet or tile floor covering over an existing resilient floor eovenng, follow the installation instruc tions published by the manufacturer. Those instructions will tell you wnat must be cone to the existing surface before the new resilient floor eovenng can be installed. Remove wax by wet stnpping only. A WARNING NEVER SAND AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE.  Us** of embossing leveler When you use Armstrong's S-188 Embossing Leveler to fill the embossing of tbs existing resilient flooring, follow the Armstrong recom mendations found in broenure F-5061. "Armstrong Enginesrea Installation System." Installing resilient floor covering over new underiayment When you install a new floor covenng over new unoertayment. follow the Armstrong r.mendations found m brochure ^SOS'. "Armstrong Engineered Installation System.' 2 RCMOVAL OP RESIUENT SHEET FLOORING IA WARNING 00 NOT SANO EXISTING RESILIENT TILE AND SHEET FLOORING. SACKING. OR LINING FELT. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. Supplies and tools 1. Stift-bladed wailtl or (dIoor ^ scraper. 2. Utility or hooK knife. a Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wet/dry vacuum cleaner with arsoosabM dust bag and metal floor tool (no brush). *. Hand sprayer or spnnKling can. A liquid 5. Large-size heavy-duty im permeable trasrr Dags lor dosed impermeaoie containers) witn ties. tape, or string to.ue the oags snut. ana tags tor faceting. dishwasning detergent wnicn is stated to con tain anionic, nonionic, and ampnotanc sur factant. Mix inis specified iiquiO disnwasnmg detergent with Water to mane a dilute solution (16 oz. specified liquid disnwasnmg 7. Ground fault circuit tnter- detergent m one gallon of water). rupter tor elec- tncai connection of the HEPA vacuum and any other eiectricai connections required. Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet flooring awarning' NEVER SANO AN EXISTING FLOOR COVERING OR FEU BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. a. Remove any omoing stnos or other restnc Ove moldings from doorways, wails, etc. b. Prepare the specified liquid disnwasnmg detergent solution (16 oz. of specified noma dishwasning detergent to one gallon ot wate and pour into a hand sprayer or springing can. e. Clean the entire floor with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metal floor tool, d. Make a senes of parallel cuts 4- >.o 8" apart through the top layer of the iioormg and aoout halfway through the oacning, parallel to the wall, for me entire floor. RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SUPPERY WHEN WET WITH THE SPECIFIED LIQUID OISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STANDING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOO OR NONSLIP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENDED, e. Wear layer removal: One worker starts at me-end of the room far thest from the entrance door arid pnes up the comer of the wno. separating the ticking from the wear layer. As the smp is being removed, another worker sprays a constant mrst of the spectied liquid dishwashing detergent solution into the delammaiion nip point to minimize any airborne dust particles. When done property, the felt remaining on the floor and on the back of the smp will be thoroughly wet. Do only one three-stnp area at a time. Stand on the remaining floor covermg or dean floor (do not stand on the felt). The cut strips should be peeled from the backing By pulling or rotting around a core which will control the stopping angle to create a uniform tension (some resilient door- mg wear layers may not be readily stnppable and may require wet-scraping). Tie or tape the removed matenaJ securely and place m the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container for disposal. r. i-ivmove ana aisoose 01 eacn succeeomg strip in me aoove manner. Avoid walking on the exposed fait as muen as possible. Close full bags tightly, ana saai securely tor disposal, identify with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asoestps. Avoid Open ing or Breaking Container. Breaming Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved lanolin only." g. Occasionally, parts ot the *.sp layer will stick to me backing. This can orten be eliminated by peeling m me opposite direc tion. The suff-biaaeo scraper may aid m me removal or peeling of the wear layer. AWARNING NEVER SAND OR DRY-SCRAPE RESIDUAL FEU BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. h. Wet-scraping residual fait: (1) Thoroughly wet me residual felt with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution. Wart a tew minutes to allow tne specified liquid dishwasnmg detergent solution to soak into the fait (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not the fait) and use the suft-biaoeo scraper to scrape up me wat felt. (3) Rewet the fan if me specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution nas not completely penetrated, if drying occurs, or .if dry felt is exposed dunng scraping. Pick up the scrapings as they are removed from the floor and place m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or doseo im permeable container. Wet-scrape au leu from this floor area oeiore proceeding further: PRECAUTIONS: EXCESSIVE MOISTURE CAN CAUSE PERMA NENT DAMAGE TO WOOD UNOERLAYMENTS. IT IS THE INSTALLER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO USE THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION TO PRE- VENT UNOERLAYMENT DAMAGE. A FLOOR THAT HAS BEEN WETSCRAPED MUST BE ALLOWED TO DRY BEFORE INSTALLING ANY NEW RESILIENT FLOORING. (4) When this floor ana has been eieaneo free of felt, vacuum uo any am using the HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor toot. Position the vacuum cteaner so that the atscharge air does not blow on the area oeing cleaned. (5) Repeat the aoove on me next senes ol stnps (6) Repeat this operation until the felt has been removed from the wnote floor. Close ' full bags tightly and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only." (7) When the whole floor has been clean ed free of felt, vacuum uo any dirt using the HEPA vacuum deaner with the metal floor tool and let it dry. Position the vacuum cleaner so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. A WARNING DO NOT DRY-SWEEP. AVOIO CREATING DUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. (8) After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and deaner bags snouid be removed according to the manufacturer s instruc tions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeaoie trash bag with a label stating "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breaming Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only" Close and seal the trash bag securely for disposal. (9) When me floor is dry. it is ready to have a new resilient floor covenng install ed. Follow the manufacturer's installation instructions. Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-lay) or peripharaily adhered resilient sheet flooring a. Remove any omaing stops or other restnclive moldings from doorways, wails, eta b. Preoare me specified uouid aishwasnmg detergent solution (16 oz. of the soecifieo li quid aisnwashing emergent to one gallon of water) ana pour into a hano sprayer or sprinkling can. c. Clean tne entire floor witn me HEPA vacuum cleaner using tne metal floor tool. d. if ftoonng is unaahereo. start at me end cf the room farthest (ram me entrance ooorwav and cut ftoonng into stnps about 18' wiae tor the entire room. One worxer removes the cut strips while another worxer sprays tne specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion directly into me separation mp point. Co not stand on the exposed subfloor during tne removal process. A CAUTION 1 RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SUPPERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID OISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION I THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAN OING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSLIP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENCE e. noil tna w sino ugnuy ano ue or tap* securely so it wtff not unroll. Piaea it m a heavy-duty xnpermeibie trash bag or etosao imparmaaOM container t>g anoogn to accom modate several rods tor disposal. Use this method lor nonoondad areas of penpnerafiy adhered floors. To remove ponded areas, follow instructions under "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet floonng.'' f. Clean the exposed floor with a HEPA vacuum detner with the metal floor toot posi tioned so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. A WARNING 00 NOT DRY-SWEEP. AVOIO CREATING OUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. g. Repeat the above, cutting, rolling and disposing of one strip at a time and cleaning the newty exposed area immediately until the entire floor covering has been removed and the entire floor is vacuumed clean. h. if arty residual felt remains stuck to the floor, it should be removed by the wetscraping method described m Section (ft) of ^ the "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet floonng." A WARNING I 00 NOT DRY-SCRAPE OR SAND. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. PLACE THE REMOVED FLOOR COVERING IN THE HEAVY-DUTY IMPERMEABLE TRASH BAG OR CLOSED IMPERMEABLE CONTAINER.I. I. After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instruebon* and placed m a neavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Atbiwoa is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in tn approved landfill only." Close and seal the trash bags securely 12 lor disposal. |. Alter in* unaenayment is ary. insuui tn new resilient floor covering according to tne manuiaaurer's installation instructions. 3, REMOVAL OF RESILIENT TILE ! A WARNING NEVER SAND AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE INSTALLATION. SEE WAR NINGS on page One. Supplies and tools V Heevy-njuh* scraper with ' ^ approximately 4* blade and 6* tt 8' handle. 2. Hammer 1 Commercialtype hano-hetd hot-air blower or a radiant neat source 4. Large size htivy-duty im* permeaote trash bags (or cased impermeable containers), with tiee tape or string to ue the bag shut, and tags for labeling. S Tank-type High Efficiency Paniculate Air (HEPA) weUdrv vacuum detner with disposable dust bag ano metal floor tool (no brush).  Removal procedure a. Those areas normally exposed to heavy 'foot-traffic patterns usually have tiles adhered the .tightest. As a matter of good practice >n starting the tile removal, select those sections which receive the least traffic. Since tiles are normally in a 9'x9* or 12*xt2* dimension, try to remove individual tiles as a complete unit. b. Start the removal by carefully wedging (he scraper in the seam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles uo and away from the floor. Oo not oreax on pieces of tne tile, but continue to force the balance of the tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile and exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on tne biaoe to promote release of the tile from the adhesive and the floor. Remove and dsoose of eacn tne m me manner aoove. Avoid walking on tne exoosea adhesive as much as possioie. Close tun Dags tigntty ano seal securely for disposal, identify with a laoef stating "Caution -- con-tarns asoestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking . Container. strung Asbestos is i _j-cous to .tour Health. Dispose m an approved land fill only." e. Some tiles will release Quite easily wnue others require varying degrees of force. Where tne adhesive is soreaa neaviiy or the tile is bonded tightly, it may prove easier to force the scraper through the tightly adhered areas by sinking tne scraper nanoie with a hammer, using otows of mooerate force wmie maintaining the scraper at a 25 to 30 angte to the fioot A CAUTION I WEAR SAFETY GLAaSES WHEN USING THIS PROCEDURE. e. When me first tile is removed, pface it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, m.tha heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed imoermeaoie container which will be used for disposal. Removed tiles can be placed m empty tile cartons first and then placed m the heavy-duty impermeable trash bags. To pre vent teanng of the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag. place only one full carton of removed tile in a bag. d. With the removal of the first til*. ac cessibility of other tiles is improved. Force the scraoer under the exposed edge of another tile, and continue to exert a prying, twisting force to the scraoer as it is moved under the tile until the tile releases from the floor. f. It you encounter areas wnere even the above methods will not remove tne tnes. me removal procedure can oe simplified Dy thorougnty heating the tiles witn a not-air blower or a radiant heat source until the nea: penetrates through me tile and softens me NOTE: Handle the hot-eir blower ear*fully to avoid injury. Oo not us* a blowtorch or open Kamo. Uaa caution not to bum or char tilt. Uaa adequate ventilation. NOTE: The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive is dependent upon the type of new resilient flo*' covering material to be installed and tha type of aubftoor. See Seetlon 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive tor Armstrong's recom mendations tor the treatment of restdusl asphaltic "cutback" adhesive. g. II new resilient floor tile is to be installed over a concrete suotloor using an aspnaitic adhesive, tne residual aspnaitic "cutback" adhtsiv* must be left so that no ndges or puddles are evident and what remains is a thin, smooth film. This can be accomplished by wet-scraotng the residual adhesive. NOTE: See Section 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive, for Warning and Supplies and Tools. Wet-scraping residual adhesive; (1) Stan m tne comer of the room tannest from the entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of water) to aid in watting the adhesive. Wetscrape with a stiff-btaded watt or floor scraper removing ndges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tap* or stnng and label "Caution-- contains asbestos. Avoid Opanmg or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Dispose m an approved landfill onfy." (3) wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum ctoaner. (4) Continue stop* (1) through (3) until what remains of the residual asphaltic "cutoaek" adhesive ts a thin, smooth film. 16 / h. Clean the entire Door with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using tne metal floor toot to remove deorts before applying new ascnaitic adhesive or installing new resilient door tile. I. After vacuuming, used HEPA fitters and cleaner bags snouid be removed according to manufacturer s instructions ana placed m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a laoei stating-- Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaxmg Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only.1' Close and seal the trash bags securely for disposal. 4 REMOVAU OF RESIDUAL ADHESIVE A WARNING ASBESTOS CONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVE. SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT REAOILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES. OO NOT USE POWER OEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE OUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS OUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. Recommandatlons for the traatmant of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive ts dependent upon the type of new resilient floor covering matenal to be installed and the rype of subfioor. Armstrong s recom mendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive are shown m the following chart. tr ftesidual Aspnamc Cancrera Suafloor nmmmm A aMttarlSO Hommm 1 Waaiaua auimm flwww Moor ni ( M lAMWM US 'S S 9 or S-tO 1 aonstma 1 "ono Mnww mu*t s -- tcrtoao torn* no flOfM or euoataa iro Mn im wftflt remars lino smooui ton. Sm --i-seraomg at raMuai SOStn*. Attamauws to Aemovet A00nciuon or a ctmon:mou wnoonavmont tnat t toor^od Or ma wnoantymtnt ma/iuiacturor tor war roufli atenaifle `catfitu' aonattvt* Armstrong Sio Uinr Ma or Armstrong AuOOar 'miom mtiaaad using S-2IS *ernv or Armstrong SOT io M wiiiina using S-202 Aassrea. Enougn o* tno nuio aosanre muti D* removed so mu 0H or is original suoaisa or in# o--as araa a uooaao. Suoiioor mai m pore-- tanan using S-202 Sanaa--. Saa remo-- ol rosiouai aonasna. Apoucaiion oi a camanttubut unotfiaymani mat *f aoormmo Dy ma unoanaymarit manutac* turar lor uta ovtr raaifluu aaon*uc `cut* oacjr aontsiva.*. Hauimu floor IK* 00 MitUHM us<S sn aost-- orftac man S-S# or S-90 cmoao sostrre S-202 Acssnre or S-2U OMM AatMtaflJ aontami mu Ofl Mi'ieriOM to tnac no nogat or pgpqm v twoot im nai m* m*At it a mm. tmootft Mm Saa wi tcno*ng ol 'aatiuat tanat** Aooacaoon of a camatv . mioua unoaflaymam mat 4 aoormao oy in# maftutaaurtr tor uta ovar raMuai atonamc "autoacK* aonativa: imwntf or ocnar vWTyKOCMO fAMI flooring. I00H or tn* raMuai aonasna must os removed worn is ana to oo co--o- Saa removal or residual Aooucsuon or a esisntaoua unoartaymam tnai a aooroiM Or is unoanaymanr menulac- <war lor uaa orer reereuti aspnamc "cur6ae'- aosanre.' fwi'oocftoo sn#a flooring. Enougn el is remuai aonasna mu* s ramovoo to tnar OOS ol . is original tuosirete i s orerea area a -- poaaa Sss ramovar ol rasiouai aonasna. Aogtcahon oi a eamat*bMuaxunoartaymani mai a aoofomo Or tna uAdanaymam manuiao* lufar ior uaa ovar raartux aaoAamc "cut* oaa " aonaaMa.* "Cuttack" Adhtsiv* ataaa ummamait SiAAia Aar-- al Aaawual SOSanre. Asmamre to Aamoval Armstrong ooai not racommand m# uta o a cutoaet aenatna om ooo unoanavmam tuonoor. Armstrong ocas not reeommana is usa oi s cumses aonasna 0-- --00 unoasvmant luoOc Como*-- removal or Woos llnoanansre Saa Como*-- As*-- oi treaoo unoanamsnr Unoar Ensting Ma. Cmvnng itMuif aiontiitc ct oaet * toMrvt on an accrem HOOd Mfloor ntn a mtnotfl QM u*0ncrttnt' vVhan manning tnrt n** mooe unoavtayvnant. tafl or ootvrnv'*** tntarrng may Of otacto m*r >n# rawouai MMtm io orv*i t craetmg or taexy touno mn ammg on tna floor - Come*-- removal or Mood Unoa--ni. Saa Como*-- Aamovai or Wboo Unoasvmant Unoar Easing Ma. Coranng resdual ssonaiic eaca" adSsna or. sn soonnao mod tuonoor aren s iteom- mandsa --oo unoanavmant ' . Wlwi vretsawj mo nan --oo ynoartaymant. stt or oonremviam tflaring may oa raeao ow raaaur iflflura n.or***-* crocking or tac*y tow ntn rkmg on tfla floor Como*-- ran-- or Wood Undanarmani Saa Comot-- (tamo-- ol *tood unoanaymara Unoar Enating Tils. Covanng res-- saosmc cut. Oack" aanasim on tn teonovao --oo tuonoor vmh t recommanoad --oo unoanavmam * WSn insssng inis rev --oo inaarmg may oa otaeaa ov*r tn rtvouat aonatiwa to prrva*t a crocking or tacky sound nan wafkmq on tn# floor. Compi-- Aamoval al Wood Unoanaymanr. Saa Comorera Aamoval or Mood Undanaymsnt Undar Exiaus Tils. Covanng residual asonauie back'' aasmre on an tronnrec --od suofloor tann reeom- mandad *000 unoanaymam ` Whan instsaasg mn n*m --oo unoantytsrt. lafl or oonreinvia' t"naCanUnUg mar e# one-- ovre* tOTW ofrmnt t Cngonq or tacky wouno *nan walking'on ifta floor 'ti -an ifla wnoantymam *TWk*i*CUjrt anaaa eancarmq una**vm*ni iuu tta r** waft (no matn door COvwmg | MOTC: foe Krm* ocwunanaanon* com f>90il "Aimareng En^naarac rngtaapon Svoam ' mmtmitf <i4MWy solvents WWCn Wave residue wittan me subfloor that can adversely affect the rww adhesive or door covering. The wwranoM provided by ttta manufacturers of tffe mw floor cmrenng materials will not covar instances where aaating suefloor ccndi* uons damage me* products or affect its in* stauafion. The usa of asoastos encaosutants or onogmg matanais ovar asphaltic adhesive is not recommended as those products may affact tha bonding properties of tha naw adhesive. Tha appacaoon of asphaltic aahasivas. as an installation madium, has baan demonstrated to ba an affeeuva cover tor tna aiming rastduai adhesive. Tha aneapsutant usa ot tha naw aonasrva must, howavar. ba connstant with otMr installation recommendations. Supplies and tool* 1. Stiffttadsd wall or floor sctapac 2. No. i sandblasting sand (cfesn. snatp. coarsa cutting sand) 3. Terrazzo or a tow spaad floor maefuna fittad with a floor putt. (Clark Assembly Na 500212*6) 4. Hand held rubbing stonas. 5. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wettory vacuum ctoanar with disposabta dust bag and mats! floor tool (no brush). 8. Larga-siza heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or closed imparmaaoia csnuinarsj with ties. tape, or string to ba tha bags shut and tags tor labeling. 7. Slip-rasistaru shoaa or rubbar boots. 8. Ground fault circuit intamiptor tor stsctrteal connac&an of tha HEPA vacuum and any othar electncalconnecflona required. 9. Hand sprayar or apnnkiing out ia A liquid dishweahing detergent which is statad to contain anonic. nonionic, and am* pnotane surfactant Mbc this specified liquid dishwashing detergent with wafer to maka a wiiuib bwtwubii (t oz. ot tne spacitiaa uquia dtshwsshmg ottatgant to one gallon of wstar). . Wet-scraping rasiduai adhesive a. Start in tha comar of tha room farthest from tha entrance door and moisten an area of tha adhesive approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with tna specified liquid dishwashing detergent (to aid m watting the adhesive). Wet-scrape with a stiff-faded wall or floor scraper removing ndges and any loose adhesive. b. Place tomewyj adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tapa or string and febat ''Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con* tamer. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill orty." c. Wat vacuum standing water with tha HEPA vacuum cleaner. d. Continue steps a through c until entire arcs is wet-scraped Removal of rasiduai adhesive a. Place cutting sand into a container, add wafer mixed with tha specified liquid dahwashing detergent (i oz. specified liquid dfehwashmg detergent to on# gallon ot water) to tha sand to dampen. Approximately 20 lbs. of sand to 1/2 gallon of water should provide a workable slurry tor a 6' x 6' area. b. Start in corner of tha room farthest from the entrance door. Place sand slurry on tne residual adhesive ovar a 6' x 6' area and (amove tha existing adhesive using a terrazzo floor machine. Keep sand under rubbing stones whan operating tha machine. The sand and the subfloor must be continuously kept wet. IA WARNING! ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT IN TERRUPTER FOR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET EN VIRONMENT. c. Occasionally push away cutting sane from tfia suoftoor with a wall or floor scraper to check for complete removal. d. Adhesive around the edge of the room and area that were missed can De removed with dampened, dean, sharp, cutting sand ane ;rcunc eft wttn a mooing stone. e. Wet-scrape sand into a pile using a stiffWaded floor or wail scraper and place sand and adhesive residue m a heavy-duty impermeawe container and seal with ties or tape, and laoei "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breaming Asbestos is Hazardous to Vbur Health. Oispoee in an approved landfill only." f. Rinse area with dean water using a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. g. Wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum cleaner. h. Continue steps a through g until the entire room is complete. I. Allow subfloor to dry and vacuum with a HEPA vacuum deanet ]. After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and deaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with'a label stating -- "Caution--contains asbestos. II Avoid Opening or Breaking Container Breaming Asbestos ts Hazardous to Msur Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only." Doss and seal the trash bags securely lor disposal. 22 m COMPUTE RCMOVAL OP WOOD I w UNDERLAVM1NTj Complete Removal of Wood Underieyment Under Existing Sheet Flooring Definitions a. Wood Subltoor - A subfloor is selected for structural purposes and is the suostrate tor the undertayment. b. Wood Undertevment This the smooth surface that is selected to receive the resilient floor covering. C. Wood Subfloor Undertavment Combina tion This is the type of construction that must meet the structural retirements as well as have a suitable surface to receive the resilient floor covenng. Supplies & tools 1. 2. Chisel Hammer or millet G= 3. Short and tong handled pry pars 4. Heavy gloves 5. Utility or hook kmle \> ft. Stiff-biaded well or floor scraper 7. Large-eiza heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or dosed impermeable container) with ties. tags taps, or string for labeling to tie the bag shut and VY* %. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air a (HEPA) wettorv vacuum cleaner with V disposable dust bags and metaJ floor tool inc brush) % 9. Hand sprayer or sprinkling can { 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain anionic nomnonic. and am photeric surfactant Mix this specified iidutd dishwashing detergent with water to maxe a dilute solution (16 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of wate- 12. Duct tape a IX Ground fault omit interrupter tor elec trical connection of the HERA vacuum and any'other eieancal connections required. Removal of sheet flooring at underiayment joints a. Fivmove any binding strips or otner restneuve moiomgs tram doorways, walls, etc. b.. Prepare the specified liquid disnwasning detergent solution (16 oz. ot specified liquid dahwasrung detergent to one gallon ol water) and pour into a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. & Clean tne enora floor with the HERA vacuum cleaner using the metal floor tool, d. Starting at the doorway or a floor ventila tion vent, locale a joint in an unaenayment board. e. Maka a sanes of parallel cuts a* to 8* wipe centered over the unoertayment foint, through tne top layer of the fioonng and about halfway through the backing. Continue this procedure for all underiayment |oina over tne ennre floor. A CAUTION RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SUPPERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID OISHWASHING OETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION, IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORK ING IS RECOMMENDED. f. One worker starts at the end of the room farthest from the entrance and pries up the comer of a stnp, separating the backing from tna wear layet Aa the atnp m being removed, another work* sprays a constant mist of the specified liquid dtshweafmg detergent solu tion into me detamnabon ntp pom to minimize any airborne dust particles. When oona property, the fait remaining on the floor and on the back ot the stnp wiM be thoroughly wet Stand on the remaining floor covering or dean floor (do hot stand on the ted). The cut strips should be peeled horn the backing by putting or rotting around a core which wilt control the stripping sngie to create a uniform tension (some resthtm floor ing wear layers may not be readily stnooaoie and may require wet-scraping). Tie or tape the removed material securely and place in (he hesvy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container for disposal. g. Remove and dispose of each succeeding f*no in the above merrier. Avoid walking on the exposed fett as much as possible. Close full bags tightly, and seal securely for disposal, identity with a label stating: "Cau tion -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Msur Health. Dispose in an ap prised landfill onty" h. Occasionally, parts of the too layer will sock to the backing. This can often be efimmated by peeling in the opposite direc tion. The stiff-bladed scraper may aid m the removal or peeiing of the wear layer. I. Wet-scraping residual felt (1) Throughly wet the residual felt with the specified liquid dishwasnmg detergent solu tion. W*it a few minutes to allow the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion to soak into the fett. (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not the fett) and use the stiff-bladed scraper to scrape up the wet telL (3) Rewet the fett if the specified liauia datrwastxng detergent solution has not compiotsty penetrated, if drying occurs, or if dry fett is exposed during scraping. Pick up the scrapings as they are removed from the floor and place m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container. Wetserape all the felt from this 4' to 8* stnp before proceeding to remove the next stnp. (4) When thie a* to 8* stnp has been deaned free ot fett. vacuum up any din using the HEPA vacuum dearter with the metal .... . w.uw(i me vacuum cleaner so mat iha discharge air does not Slow on tha vu oamg cleaned. (5) Repeat steps (i) - (4) on tha next sma () Repeat mis operation until the (ait has Men removed tram me 4* to 8* amps over aU the undertayment (omts. Close lull bags tightly and seat sc rely tor aw.-- identity witn a label stating: "Caution -- contains asMstos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing AsMstos is hazardous to tour Health. Oispose m an approved landfill only." ` Removal of wood urtderiaymant boards a. Attar all felt hat Men wet-scraped from th# undeneymem pirns, drive a chisel, using e hammer or mallet, between me uncenay mant board and tha suofloor. Use me cnisel to pry up (M unMrteyment enough to insert a pry bar and remove me chisel. Slowly and carefully use pry bam to pry up the underlayment board a little at a time unni the ooard is competety loose and can M removed. b. Caution must M used to avoid breaking me unoertayment board. The undertayment board should M removed in one piece, if the undertayment board breaks, cut mrougn the resilient ttoonng at the break and spray any exposed felt with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution. Allow the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion to penetrate for a few minutes, men con tinue lifting me broken undencyment. c. Wear heavy gloves and M careful of wood splinters and fasteners socking out of the back of the undertayment. Each unoertay ment board (or piece of board) should M removed from the work area as soon as it has Men pneo up to avoid injunee (such as stepping on a nail). Fasteners protruding from removed board should M flattened with a hammer. Place removed undertayment boards on skids with tha nails pointing downward. Wrap skid with 6-mi polyethylene plastic sheeting and secure with dua tape, identify with a laoei stating: "Caution -- contains 26 asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking c tamer. Breaming Asbestos is Hazaroou tour Health. Disposa m an approved u only." d. After each panel has been removed out any nails or fasteners still m me su Oisoose of these and any other nails c fasttners which have been removed su still laying m me work area. e. A chisel is not needed to start me 'e of boaros after the first board has been removed. Simply work the pry bar unoe exposed edge of the next board. *. When removal of the undertayment it the existing floor is complete, tnorougmy check the exposed subltoor. Renaii loose areas and reset any "popped" nails or fasteners. g. Vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum cfaaner with me metal floor tool h. After vacuuming, used HEPA filters ar cleaner bags should M removed accord: to the manufacturer's instructions ana do m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag * a label stung "Caution--contains asoes; Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing AsMstos is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill or Dose and seal the trash bag securely tor disposal. I. After the wood subfloor is completely cinstall tha new undertayment and/or door covering according to the manufacturer s installation instructions. Complete Removal of Wood Undertayment Under Existing Tile Definitions a. Wood Subfloor A subfloor is selected ` structural purposes and is the substrate tor the undertayment. b. Wood Undertayment - This is the smoot surface that is selected to receive the resiw floor covering. c. Wood Subfloor Unaenavmcnt Comtmai'c This is the type of construction that must have a suable surface id receive me ranker* floor comnng. SuppUtt 4 loots 1. Chisel 2. Hammer or manat 3. Short and to*9 handled pry oars 4. Haavy gtoves 5. Utility or nook knife fl. Large-size haavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or cased impefroeapie eontainar) with ms. taoe, or string to M th# Mg shut and tags tor labeling 7. lank-rypa High Efficiency Pameuiata Air (HEPA) wet/dry vacuum Meaner with disposaoia dust Mgs and matal floor toot (no brush) fl. 6-rrul polyethylene shaatmg S. Commercial-type hand-haid hot air btowar or a radiant hast sourca 10. Duct tapa Rcmovai of tils at underlaymsnt joints a. Ramova any binding strips or othar restrietiva moldings tram doorways, watts, ate. b. Starting at tha doorway or a floor vemttabon vent. locata a joint in an undartaymam board. c. Stan tha ramovat of tha tita at tha undartaymam joint by carafuiiy wadgmg tha serapar in tha saam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing tha adga of ona of tha titaa up and away tram tha floor Do not brsak off ptaoat of tha Ma. but oormnua to forca tha oatanca of tna tita up by working tha scraoar banaath tha tita and axanmg both a forward prsssura and a twining acson of tha btada to pramota rataaaa of tha tfla from tha adhesive and (ha floor Continue to ramova tiia in this marmsr at all underlaymant joints untri si board jora ara axposad. o. wnan tna lust tile is removed. discs it. without braaxing it into smattar pieces. m tna haavy-duty unparmsaota trasn Mg or closed impsimaaoia oontamar wruen will m usao tor disposal. Ramovad Was can m ptacad in ampty tit# canons first and than placed in me heavy-duty tmpermeabie trasn Mgs. To prevent tearing of tna heavy-duty impermeable trasn bag, place only ona full canon of removed tile in a bag. a. With the ramovai of (ha first uia, accassiBUity of the otnar tiles a improved. Rome tna scraper unoar ma axposad adga of another Me. and continue to exen a prying, twisung force to tha scraper as it is moved under tna Me urml the Me releases from the undartaymam. Ramova and dispose of each Me in tha manner above. Avoid walking on tha axposad adhesive a* much as possible. Dose full Mgs tightly and seal securely tor. disposal. Identify with a label sating: "Cau- . tion -- contains tsoettoa. Avoid Opening or Breaking Comainer. Breaming Asbestos is Hazardous to Ybur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." f. Soma Mas wil release quia easily while . others require varying degrees of toms. Where the adhesive is spretd heavily or ma tie a bonded ughtly, it may prove easier to tome tha scraper through the tightly adhered areas by striking tha scraper handle with a hammac usmg Wows of moderate force while maintaining tha scraper at a 2S* to 30* angle to tha flooc g. If you encounter areas where even the above methods will not remove the Mas. the removal procedure can M simplified by thoroughly heating the bias with a hot-air Mower or a radiant heat sourca until me heat penetrates through the tile and softens me adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot-air blower carefully to avoid Injury. Do not usa a blowtorch or open flame. Use caution not to bum or char the tile. Use adequate ventilation. AHUVSit or INI OAIA OH EATOSUK Of flOOA MECHANICS AMDOASEAVEA 10 ASACSlot CONCENIAAIIONS' OUAINC CUIIACC ADHESIVE AEHOVAl -- O-- -- m mm III l i : kfr ;2 s - \SN 533 fi*i ms 8 : s; I t i:\z2. 1 2 ffls li ?l|r $ * - 2 5 rp - n f [ 8a. - ~, i5. if !t Mc m. 5 O* tifi `Jfl 5 t ! * i ?{ ? mm m mm ?:** * t s if i ? SSf %& A'?|*A-**O iS<1 fft>M * S55*: i?.8 >}tr m 3 sr i^ till s5 ji ^#*S! Js e f ! AS7' f I !? J Ig I" SK E1 E8 ill ESS O*#--*-- ! E &^ I! i 0 S 8a 8eeooo o 5e swfbi*ws?m ^^^ 5*355* W t8 s'MI 8 iiiil iiiiii iiilii sSSSSS sssssii ^* V ^o ^^ o 2M aM is iAs t^ Og * a%* * o s* 2s 2* s * s ?I n m. I oi |0S* , "8 55 # ^ 2i iff 151 w S8 i AA I5 7 A f* * O a o*sr ~8 *g 2 a8 i 3S0 8*4 * O nn -8 ! o o ooo 81 I s + ^ o o o oo 0 0Vi*00P*0N E3SK 0 A y 1 A A -E m Sc r* n 5 i I I I I e85o^o^we d m o ?m*i V HS S V - = i 5 3 3 33 3 3 :;U `ill 5 8r* ?a.i* 1 sii: s 3 = 151?" * *?"' 58-.=n'sis85*:;5; ? s |i=if|3|' !| liiii " ?< ** an *rlmm m r m m* a s a 5 I g ? 7 a* ! 8 *il m * # ^ ? 2SS5 -"* -j1 * * = ij ? fiK |S 8 ilMl f! ** s:j 8 - *m - - 8 ii Xn flMiii-i ii mn & I I cc c c* c* c c -J_ 8n 8 s s :18i 688< !1 r }8#* 8i _ = : **$ Ifs sm m z t i r5 ji!- s;| km m~m 8 zm s*> ** s;3 5 ^mm ~ SS 3 s 5 S 2 i i 8 2. S | J r-m ~ 31 f Sfii8i 1 = 8 &ri 3 * 1f=| i m;x m vm #* -- 8 88 8 8 2 l: i I < " * If t e o oo o o an it U ! e o e S SK 5 S s! : i;5 stf o o o e R * . Cmm M8 *0Pc> SnK e e o e III 1xM Vf. 4* --%. "81 /\ ,.oJ 'WO Amaranq ftna mouunn. int I a warning! asbestoscontaining RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING MATERIALS OO NOT SANO EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE AND SHEET FLOOR ING BACKIN'* OR LINING FELT THESE PRODUCTS MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. AVOID CREATING DUST. INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BODILY HARM. AWARNING ASBESTOSCONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVE SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT REAOILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES, OO NOT USE POWER DEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE DUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS OUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACKADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS.