Document DG3RZrG9BgwqrLDdd4pzx55ao

FILE NAME: Owens Illinois Library (OWL) DATE: 1939 DOC#: OWL017 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Relevant References for Book Reviews & Abstracts from The Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY VOLUME 2i JANUARY, 1939--DECEMBER, 1939 PUBLISHED BY THE WILLIAMS & WILKINS COMPANY Baltimore, Md. ,V) VOLUME i i . INDEX TO TEXT AND BOOK REVIEWS (Asterisk denotes book review) PASS Air conditioning (Fuller)..................... 27 *A!den, J. L. : Design of industrial ex haust systems for dust and fume re moval................................................ 152 Alexander, L., see Weeks, A. W. Anderson, E. L .: The effect of certain impingement dust sampling instru ments on the dust particles............... 39 Anthracene and chrysene, possible carioogenic effect (Pollia)....................219 Armstrong, D. W., and Brackett, F. S.: a >?ctroscopic analysis of biological h.iids for heavy metals..................... 448 Ashestosis, pulmonary, clinical as s e ts of, serial examinations Wcdler).............................................. 319 ' ntgenological atlas of (Saupe)... 103 ' iiicosis and (Lanza).......................... 56 Asphyxiation and resuscitation. Res piration (Henderson)........................ 27 Reader, E. W.: Industrial cancer...... 28 Barnes, E. C. : Possibilities of control of i- id exposure by examining less :an 24 hour urine samples.............464 Barrett, H. M., Cunningham, J. 6 ., and Johnston, J. H .: A study of the fate ' i ;he organism of some chlorinated .vdrocarbons.................................... 479 Barthlmy, H. L.: Ten years' experi ence with industrial hygiene in con- nertton with the manufacture of vi.-eose rayon.................................... 141 Basophilic aggregation test in cement .corkers (Holden, Ralston)............ 5 Btusch & bomb dust counter (Silverman. Williams).................................. 67 Bayer, F.: Gas analysis : New methods ..nd the physiologic effects of gases. 104 Icadle, D. G.t The shattering of dust particles by impingers.................... 109 Btbnke, A. R., see Yarbrough, O. D. Benzene, chronic exposure to, clinical aspects (Hunter).............................. 331 thronic exposure to, industrial as pects (Bowditch, Elkins)................ 321 chronic exposure to, pathologic re volts (Mallory, Gall, Brickley)__ 355 poimning, hematological effects of (Krf, llhoads)................................... 421 j*>ioning in rotogravure printing in dustry in New York City (Greenburg. Mayers, Goldwater, S m ith).. 395 orkers. urinary sulfate test in (Jephojtt, Bulmer)................................... 132 PASS Benzol, see Benzene Biocllmatics, science of life and climate relations (Hopkins)........................ 107 Biophotometer and vitamin A therapy in industry (Schettler, Bisbee, Goodenough).................................... 53 Bisbee, R. F., see Schettler, O. H. Bowditch, M., and Elkins, H. B.: Chronic exposure to benzene (ben zol). I. The industrial aspects... 321 Brackett, F. S., see Armstrong, D. W. Brickley, W. J., see Mallory, T. B. Brumfiel, D. M., see Gardner, L. U. Bulmer, F. M. R., see Jephcott, C. M. Burns, hydrofluoric acid, treatment (Jones).............................................. 205 Caisson disease, see Compressed air illness Calvery, H. O., see Laug, E. P. Cancer, industrial (Baader)................ 28 possible carcinogenic effect of anthra cene and chrysene (Pollia)............ 219 Carbon arc dusts, tissue reaction to (MacQuiddy et al.)......................... 498 monoxide asphyxia (Drinker)......... 101 Cement workers, basophilic aggregation test in (Holden, Ralston)................ 5 Charr, R., see Cohen, A. C. Chenoweth, L. B., and Machle, W.: Industrial hygiene........................... 28 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, fate in or ganism (Barrett, Cunningham, Johnston)......................................... 479 hydrocarbons, systemic toxicity of, and permissible concentrations (Drinker).......................................... 155 naphthalenes, effect of exposure to (Greenburg, Mayers, Smith)......... 29 Chrysene, anthracene and, possible car cinogenic effect of (Pollia)............ 219 Civin, H., Schreier, I. A., Martello, G., and Hardy, J. D.: Determination of acid insoluble matter in the sputa of silicotics....................................... 1 Climate, bioclimatics (Hopkins)....... 107 Cohen, A. C., and Charr, R .: Lobar pneu monia in anthracite miners, mortal ity and complication statistics.. 124 Compensation, workmen's, medical service in industry and (Newquist). 102 Compressed air illness (Gerbis, Koe nig)..................................................... 475 illness, treatment with oxygen (Yar brough, Behnke)................................213 527 itrial workers, their inci;ignificanee as disclosed by c chest roentgenograms. 59 (1939). L., and Bbown, L .: The :he roentgenographic exn pulmonary tuberculosis, ntgenol. Radium Therap.u 1). and MebiWETHER, F . V.: ng disease of unknown S. Pub. H ealth Rpts. 30). wm BOOK REVIEWS K l in ik d e b l u n g e n a s b e s t o s e . Ku - compared w ith the roentgen picture, which NISCHE, STATISTISCHE DND R&NTGENOLO- may lag behind the patient's symptoms. CISCHE ERGEBNISSE ADS REIHENDNTER- The stage of the disease as shown by the SCCHDNGEN AN ASBESTABBEITEBN BER roentgenogram cannot be correlated with KBANKHEITSB1LD DND VERLADF DER AS- the clinical stage with any regularity. He b e st o se . (C l in ic a l a spe c t s o p p d l - quotes Saupe as saying the roentgen find MONABY ASBESTOSIS. CLINICAL, STATIS TICAL AND ROENTGENOLOGIC CONCLDSIONS ON THE SYMPTOMS AND COURSE OF ASBES ings are only a measure of the lung's reac tion rather than a measure of the severity of the disease. Satisfactorily exposed TOSIS BASED ON SERIAL EXAMINATIONS OF asbestos w o r k e r s.) By Hana-Wilfrid Wedler. Paper. Pp. 152 with 88 illustra films are a sine qua non. There is a considerable variation in the time necessary for changes to take place in tions. Soz.-Med. Schrift. a.d. Geb. d. workers under identical conditions and this Reichsarbeitsministeriums, Arbeit und may be due to such factors as mouth breath Gesundheit, no. 34. Georg Thieme, ing and different heights of the workers. Leipzig, 1939 (6.50 RM) Amosite seemed to cause more distress than This publication is based on the results of other minerals. There may be an increase surveys conducted among the workers in in upper respiratory infections in asbestos two asbestos factories in Germany where workers. ` very phase of asbestos manufacture and The systemic blood pressure is unchanged processing was performed. The group of workers included 77 men and 233 women. The ages varied from 16 to 70 years and the length of employment from days to 36 years. The author divides the disease into three and although no studies of the circulation time were performed, the neck veins were not engorged. The blood picture showed no significant alterations. The sedimenta tion rate was unaltered in uncomplicated stages. 210 cases were exposed 5 years or less and of these, only seven showed early changes, that is Stage I, and none had later changes. The group with 6 to 10 years' ex posure numbered forty-nine and only fifteen showed no changes (27--Stage I; 5--Stage II; 2--Stage 111). In the 11 to 15year group of 27 individuals, eleven were unchanged, seven were in Stage I, six in Siaue II, and three in Stage III. The sur prising fact is th a t 4 workers of 26 to 36 years' standing showed no asbestosis. asbestosis. As to the question of tuberculosis and asbestosis, the author was of the opinion th a t an infected person working in asbestos does not become worse. Cancer of the lung in asbestos workers was apt to be of the flattened epithelial type and multiple, in contrast with the usual adenocarcinoma of the lung. The author feels it is the result of the chronic growth stimulus caused by the asbestos dust. The specific cancerogenic property of the dust is not established. There arc detailed descriptions of the Some attem pt was made to determine the pathologic and roentgenologic anatomy of progressiveness of the disease, once estab .-->l.rstosis. As to the pathogenesis, the lished. A number of workers who had left author believes it is chiefly chemical com- the industry some years before were studied : :!io<i with the mechanical effect of the ;':h*'rs. The whole process can be characp-mvil ns a chronic indurating pneumonia or hiv.g cirrhosis. The author stresses the greater impor tance of history and clinical findings as and the conclusion reached th a t a light exposure to the dust which has produced only minor lung changes will not grow worse with time. In more deeply affected cases, there is a general slow progress of the disease, perhaps 3 to 4 years or longer 319 *v. 320 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY voi. Si, no. 7 elapsing between stages. The author feels A thesis in connection with the acquisi that the more prolonged the exposure, the tion of a doctor of medicine degree, this greater the asbestosis hazard. book embraces a 3 yr. study a t the Silkeborg The reproductions of roentgenograms are Sanatorium in Denmark. The period of not very clear.--Eugene P. Pendergrass. M ed ica l ju r is pr u d e n c e and toxicology. By W. D. McNally. Cloth. Pp. 396. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1939 ($3.76.) The author states that this book was written to "meet a demand for a brief and concise textbook of medical jurisprudence and toxicology" , and that he has condensed this volume from his larger book, "Toxi cology" ( T h is J . , SO, 266,1938). The first 84 pages (chapters 1-7) are devoted to medical jurisprudence and the remainder (chapters 8-19) to toxicology. The m aterial in the first portion is new but the balance is all to be found in the larger "Toxicology." In the present volume, the format and general arrangement is pleas anter and more useful than in the older book.--P hilip Drinker. observation ended in 1932, although publi cation was not made until 1937. The author says th at much less concern was exercised over silicosis, asbestosis and other forms of pneumoconiosis in Denmark than in several other countries. Appraised ut this later time, his own grasp of .such dis eases and his understanding of the under lying pathologic change appear to have been far in advance of the general level throughout the world in 1931. The major industries studied were sandblasting, mold ing (foundries), stone cutting, sandstone and granite cutting, millstone work, cement making, the manufacture of cleansing powders, metal grinding, including instru ment grinding, and brick making. The book has four major divisions: the general clinical and laboratory aspects of dusty lung diseases, a description of the industries involved, a careful recording of THE . INDUST AND Volume 21 CHRONIC EXPOSUP INI M anfred Be 'Division o f Occupational Hygie M e t h o d s o f d e t e r m in in g to x ic gases case histories by industries, and the presen unti* In the three papers comr a n d v a p o r s in a ir . A practical g u id e tation of 70 beautiful illustrations, chiefly has been adopted to desig: IN SANITART INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY. By roentgenograms but including reproduc common system of key nun A . S. Zhitkova. Cloth, pp. 183 and index. tions of gross and microscopic tissue prepa were investigated. The fc 2nd revised ed. Government Publishers rations. The lament often arises that in all details co-extensive > for Industry of Defense, Moscow and roentgenograms of silicotic chests cannot or number which may ap: Leningrad, 1939 (7 rubles, 50 kopecs) be produced with high fidelity. The ones The first edition of this book was reviewed in this J o u r n a l , 17, 120 (1935) and the in this book are far superior to those usually found. There is a fine presentation of the ,F THE 89 benzene translation of it, 18, 681 (1936). The pres cases of 300 disabled workers, of whom 70'.',; discussed by Hunt ent edition gives in more detail the analyti were decidedly disabled and 30% mildly !>. second paper of this cal methods for gas determinations and each 62% had silicosis, 3% tuberculosis alor.< were employed in plants wh chapter has a bibliography of Russian and foreign literature. The book is meant to and 13% silicotuberculosis. Because of language difficulties the book cannot If generally recommended to the physiciai - ^appraisal of the benzene ex] been made, while 45 worl aid industrial physicians, sanitary engineers and chemists.--L. 8. Snegireff. of the United States, but for physician.-, conditions which had been i public health workers and others concerned but not subjected to detai Sil ic o s is i n Da n is h in d u stry . A . V. StubChristensen. Paper, pp. SIS. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1957. in the international aspects of dusty !uay diseases here is the Danish entry.J. A. M. A. It is therefore posable to es average concentrations o vapors to which these wo "exposed, although in the < latter group approximate will be obtained. . Plant A was an artific ! plant employing about 1 * Received for publication . 5;: f!:" m: ' J.'* 3Y [vol. 21, no. 5 :s and possess the ition required for mportance in raakst method or modimrpose. However, .-ho cannot do this, :ot always give the ect advice th a t will tor the selection of for use in health and 'he engineering cone major interest in s of CO is in these appreciates the difficritical review of ntirely acceptable to iere is no element of lig&tive work th at js of opinion than the asphyxia fulfills the supplying information who have a practical ilems of CO asphyxia, ing in fields of indust lively problem. Al in scope of informaarly and simply. Its i is the author's broad rch experience inter section from the work h he quotes frequently .ries the style and imPoints of controversy <d or trea ted in a judibaas of the evidence ok as a whole is a good ding of medical, chemi- '1 d lay information and 4 tanner th a t makes the 'jj lable by all concerned. 1 very useful as a text e book by anyone who CO asphyxia. is 21 tables, 40 figures in- ^ ibliography of 335 referidex and a subject index. IN INDSTRT AND WOBKvTiON daws. By M. N . ar. Pp. 70. A m erican ions, Chicago, 1938. Mar. 1938] BOOK REVIEWS 103 This report gives an excellent resum in some detail of the best practice in Industrial Medicine. It is based upon a study made by the American College of Surgeons. After a discussion of the purpose and de velopment of Industrial Medicine, its mo tives, objectives, and working principles, the report takes up the organization of an Industrial Medical Service. The problems, the location, and the equipment of the Medical Department and its interdepart mental relationships are outlined. A dis cussion of the functions of the industrial medical and surgical service is followed by a report on the methods used by small in dustrial plants in meeting their needs. The next chapter is particularly interest ing as it discusses the illness and accident experience in industry and its costs. This is the most recent investigation which has appeared, and the figures and charts showiug the economic effect of good medical service to industry are of interest. The costs to an industry of maintaining a Medi cal Department are given. Following a history of workmen's com pensation laws there is a chapter upon the essential features of workmen's compensa tion laws and insurance systems with comments. The report closes with a series of appen dices giving the record forms for various types of physical examinations and an an nual statistical summary record form. There is a good bibliography. This excellent report is the result of in vestigations covering several years, ably compiled by the author, and giving in brief dear form the most important facts about present day industrial medicine.--W. Irving Clark. lic rO H T S OF THE MEDICAI, INSPECTORS OF factories in 1935 an d 1936. In Ar b e it r \n G esu n d h e it. Voi. 32, 240 pp. G. Thicme, Leipzig, 1938 (Price 6 marks). Formerly the reports of the Prussian medical inspectors of factories were pub-iicd in the "Verffentlichungen aus dem 1i.-i.i.-t.* der Medizinalverwaltung'' while ivports of other medical inspectors are i.lamed in reports of the factory inspecrr of their countries. Now all German : 'dieal inspectors' reports are first issued here. They offer a great number of in teresting details on occupational diseases and industrial hygiene, although it is pos sible to mention only a few here: vascular disturbances from calcium cyanamid in the head and upper body; allergic reaction of upper respiratory tract to macassar wood and asthma caused by aniline; eczema caused by formalin, rubber, lemon juice and mercury compounds; AsHi poisoning from dipping zinc in HiSCL; bronchitis with bronchopneumonia in 13 workers following the inhalation of sodium beryllium fluoride dust; cases of benzene poisoning, one of which had not been cured 9 months after leaving work; lead poisoning from spray painting with a 80% lead alloy. The fol lowing case demonstrates the difficulties which a medical inspector often encounters with engineers: The engineers declared th at in a boiler in which a man died, poisonous gases were certainly not present, but the victim's blood was almost saturated with CO. A woman who had worked since 1924 in a factory making radioactive articles first showed brown discoloration of the skin and later blood changes. In 1934 she died of carcinoma of the bronchus. Another case demonstrates the confusion arising from a substance being labeled " phosgene." In discussing the results of skin tests, it is maintained properly th at negative results are not conclusive since these tests do not exactly duplicate industrial exposure. I t is interesting to observe in this book the differences in outlook between indi vidual medical inspectors, especially the experienced older ones and the others who, as in Hamburg, are only part-time medical inspectors.--L. Teleky. R ontgenatlas der asbestose deb ^ lungen. (R oentgenological atlas o f a sb e s t o sis o f t h e l u n g s.) By Erich Saupe. Paper. Pp. 99. 52 illustrations. Georg Thieme, Leipzig, 1938. (Price 17 marks, 55 pfennigs). This monograph considers the subject of asbestosis under nine headings. The first consideration is th at of the history of asbestosis followed by a description of. the technical application of asbestos in indus try. The second subdivision considers the pathological changes characterized by gen- 104 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY [t>oI. S, no. S eral fibrosis of the lung tissue. This discus sion is carried out in detail but for some reason, no comments are made on the thick ening of the pleura. The third subdivision considers the clinical diagnosis of asbestosis. The clinical findings are not such that one can make a diagnosis of asbestosis without the occupational record and the benefit of the x-ray examination. The fourth subdivision considers the x-ray examination. Asbestosis is divided into three stages and the stages depend upon the amount of involvement. At no time is the thickening of the pleura considered except the state ment th a t there is a disappearance of the costophrenic sulci. In the. fifth subdivision, the differential diagnosis between asbestosis and other conditions simulating it are considered in detail. The seventh subdivision gives clinical results in 192 asbestos workers. The subsequent subdivisions are concerned with prophylaxis, prognosis and therapy of this disease. Approximately 52 case reports are in cluded in the monograph with positive illus trations of the roentgenograms. Unfor tunately, the author docs not include serial examinations of the same individual. Al though his illustrations are good so far as detail is concerned, they are positive illus trations and the size of the illustration has been cut down so as to obliterate some of the lower lung fields, the lateral chest wall, and the costophrenic sulci. Such images leave something to be desired for those of us interested in all details concerning the manifold appearances of asbestosis.--E. P. Pendergrass. G asanalyse: N eu ere methoden d er ar- BEITSPRAXIS UNTER BERCKS1CHTIGNG DER PHYSIOLOGISCHEN WIHKUNGEN DER gase. (G as a nalysis: N ew methods AND THE PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF GASES.) By Fritz Bayer. Paper. Pp. 168. Fer dinand Enke, S tuttgart, 1938 (Price, RM 15). This volume is No. 39 in a series entitled " Die chemische Analyse," edited by Wil helm Bttger. A critical review of the newer (particu larly European) developments in gas analysis, including a section on micro-gas analysis (75% of the 146 references are to articles published in the last 15 years). It is assumed th a t the reader is acquainted with the general subject of gas analysis, and little mention is made of some of the classical procedures and apparatus. The book is made up of six sections: (1) A description of various types of gas analysis apparatus and accessories, such as absorption pipettes, gasometers, flowmeters, absorption devices and confining liquids (24 pages). (2) Specific methods of gas analysis for COi, 0, hydrocarbons, includ ing unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene, CO, H, SO,, SO,, H,S. O,, N, HCN, Cl2, Br, and I,, COClt, NH ,, Hg vapor, combust ible gases, and He (83 pages). (3) Micro gas analysis (16 pages). (4) Physiological action of gases (17 pages). (5) Respiratory protective devices (9 pages). (6) Physi ological properties and analytical proce dures for chemical warfare m aterials (20 pages). The most useful portion of the book is th a t dealing with the specific methods of analysis. Several methods are usually given, ranging from those for the determina tion of large amounts of gas to those suit able for small amounts which are generally important in industrial hygiene surveys. While concise, enough details are given so th a t in general the methods will be usable by an experienced person. The chemical methods are the same or similar to those in general use; however, little or no mention is made of the many detectors and indica tors used in this country. The other sec tions are only of general interest although they contain concise, pertinent information. The material is well presented and very few obvious errors were noted. However, the data given on page 12 dealing with ex plosive limits contain figures th a t differ radically in some instances from those generally accepted in this country. At the end of the book there is a table of solubilities of gases in water and a table of the vapor pressure of water from 4 to 55C. --H. H. Schrenk. R oyal com m ission o n sa fe ty in m in e s r e p o r t . Cmd. 6890. Pp. xxxii + 520. H. M. Stationery Office, London, 1938. Mar. 1939] H*fe: At the end of 1935 was appointed to inqu and health of mine wo: could be better insumodifying_the princip sions of the Coal Mil arrangements for its ing regard to the chat place in organization,: equipment since i t b experience gained, a mendations. -- The Report of the C into 12 chapters. T) review of safety legisl section on the develt Inspectorate. The s short summary of cha organization, method ment, and (b) in the dent rates. Then fol the evidence heard i elusions are stated on administration of the management of the i ticularly with the res; of mine owners and ! tion; support of ut haulage and travelli plosions and fires; otl below ground; condi surface; safety orgai and health, including pational diseases of concluding chapter : condensed summary < I t is pointed out t; dangerous of all the i accidents are rather 1, _ 50% higher than in as high as in factories . are even more strikii is nearly twice tha; times th at for ship; high as in factories, in every 900 emplo; work in the mine, a: ceive compensation contracted during t bers fluctuate slightl. there has been no level during the la accidents are to be - higher-standard of ' BOOK R E V IE W S S il ic o sis and a sb esto sis. By A. J . designed table of contents. In spite of these Lama, Cloth. Pp. 439. Oxford Univer minor faults, the book Is one of great sity Press, New York, 1938. (Price interest and value to persons in industrial 84.25). medicine.--Philip Drinker. The authors of this book are Lanza, Sayers, Pendergrass, Gloyne, Gardner, and M edical w r it in g , t h e t e c h n ic a n d th e Middleton. Each of them is well known for a r t. By Morris Fishbein and J . F. his work on the pneumoconioses and each Whelan. Cloth. Pp. 192 and index. contributes chapters to the present volume. A. M. A., Chicago, 1938 (81.50). To Lanza has fallen the job of coordinating This small book should be read, re-read the several contributions into a single trea and assimilated by anyone who writes tise. scientific papers. The chapters on the art The two chapters on history and etiology, are especially valuable to the writer; those symptoms, and diagnosis by Sayers and on the technic should be consulted fre Lanza are taken in large part from earlier quently by the author's secretary, if such writings by these same authors, especially matters as final preparation of tables, the National Silicosis Conference of 1938 bibliographies, footnotes and illustrations to which both authors contributed so im are her responsibility. portantly. In the chapters on writing, the great Pendergrass'chapter, 132 pages, on roent emphasis is placed on simplicity and brev gen-ray diagnoses is excellent and contains ity. These qualities make many friends; 34 unusually good illustrations, together prolixity undermines the reader's con with a bibliography which is discussed fidence in the author's intelligence and thus critically throughout. The usual difficul in his material as a whole. To achieve this ties of reproducing chest x-rays in a book brief, simple style, one must revise and re are made unimportant by the extent of vise again, since few persons can write a Pendergrass' illustrations and thoroughness finished and polished paper without pains of the detail in the text. It is a great help taking work. to see in a single article illustrations of The technical suggestions for writing a roentgen manifestations of the various paper are excellent. Preparation of good pneumoconioses. charts is often difficult for a medical writer, The same can be said of Gloyne's chapter on pathology (59 pages) and Gardner's on experimental silicosis (89 pages). Their discussions are critical and well presented. Middleton writes (59 pages) on the occupa tional, preventive, and legislative aspects in Great Britain, while Lanza concludes with a short chapter on the public health and economic aspects in the United States. I t is a pity that the publishers of so impor and Dr. Fishbein gives examples of poor charts and methods for improving them. A good chapter is devoted to bibliog raphies--that great source of sorrow to editors. In a supplement are listed the accepted abbreviations, full titles and place of publication of all the well-known medical journals. A chapter on spelling is not superfluous. tan t and well written a book should have For selfish as well as altruistic motives, presented it with a poor index, without a we hope this book finds a wide circulation.-- name index a t all, and with a very badly Helen Lawson. 56 THE JC INDUSTR AND T " Volume 21 ---------------------------------------- ;i VENTILATION IN r E dv Industrial Hygiene Division, Ver/ THE growth of the granite Tying industry in Vermo boon closely associated \v; development of new and ini quarrying machinery. With ea cecding advance, greater amoi dust have been dispersed in general atmosphere creating a health hazard to the quarry v particularly to those men o] equipment producing dust. Briefly, granite is quarried following manner; By a pr< loyner drilling and broaching and then blasting, large 1>1 stone (sometimes as much a> on a side) an* separated from body. Plug drillers and jack operators split the large hie smaller sections that can be 1 of the "quarry hole" by d< "surface yards" where plm split them up into sizes su shipment to the cutting ami sheds. * Received-Tor publication 1 1938. i 224 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY PAGE Anderson, A. B., see Tompsett, S. L. Anderson, C. S., and Dlble, J. H.: Pneumoconiosis and pulmonary cancer............................................. 119 Anderson, E.: The determination of in dustrial gas dispersoids................. 122 Anemia in ankylostomiasis (Tron- chetti)............................................... 190 in laborers on Assam tea estates (Macdonald)..................................... 190 pernicious, chronic CO poisoning and (Biedermann)................................... 138 stability of in experimental lead poisoning (Loureau, Sacy, Arthus). 11 Angenot, P., see Charlier, R. Angina pectoris after breathing H 2S gas (Hellfors)................................... 138 Anguolo, L. N., and Gallego, J. D.: Dusts in the milling of grain......... 218 Angus, T. C. : Air je t ventilation in hot weather............................................... 32 see Crowden, G. P. Aniline dye tumors of bladder (Maio).. 42 poisoning, experimental,. hemoglobin changes and porphyrine in urine and feces (Seglini).......................... 98 Ankylostomiasis, anemia in (Tronchetti)............................................... 190 duodenal, endemic of in agricultural district near Naples (Cimmino)... 7 epidemiology and prevention (Heine). 41 histopathologic considerations on in Arsenic and lead, arginase in livers of**U* rats given (Lightbody, Calvery).. u.j and lead, influence of Ca and P on storage and toxicity of (Gram et al.)_............................................... <i,i caution in use of arsenical corrosives with light metals (Beintker)......... | ; compound, recurrent boils from....... n ; lead and, pathological changes in rats and dogs fed (Finner, Calvery). 1G."< paralysis of arms and legs with rare late symptom (Duncker)................ 7u poisoning, industrial, in vineyard workers (Frohn).............................. 70 poisoning, acute (P o rter)................. leu poisoning, acute, from insecticide (Symanski)....................................... ICO poisoning, cases (Cristol et al.)......... 191 poisoning, occupational, early diag nosis (Straube)................................ 141 poisoning, uveitis caused by (Brod- s k i i ) ............................. 15 storage in rats fed calcium arsenate and arsenic trioxide (Morris, Wal lace) ................................................... 93 trioxide, calcium arsenate and, stor age of, As in rats (Morris, Wallace). 93 trioxide, changes in rats and dogs fed (Finner, Calvery)............................. 165 trioxide, lead acetate and, growth and reproduction of rats fed, and As content of newborn rats (Morris testinal lesions in (Manz)............ 114 prophylaxis of, in miners (Garin, Roman)............................................. 135 Anselm, W. : Dust in cement plants__ 173 Anthraco-silicosis and bronchial car et a l.)................................................ 93 trioxide, lead acetate, lead arsenate and, chronic effects on dogs (Cal very, Laug, Morris)........................ 93 Arsine poisoning, two cases (Smith, cinoma with quiescent tuberculosis Rardin)............................................... 117 (Lovelock)........................................ 195 Arthritis, osteo-. of spine, cost to indus dyspnea in (Charr, Savacool).......... 74 try (Papurt). . . ................................ 210 of anthracite miners (Sayers).......... 192 Arthus, A., see Loureau simulating carcinoma (Bradshaw, rAsbestos plants, health protection in Chodoff)............................................ 193 spontaneous pneumothorax in (Sokol- off, Farrell)...................................... 172 Anthracosis or tuberculosis of coal miners in New South Wales (Badham)............ _................................... 216 sclerosis and, in pulmonary lymph nodes (M ottura).............................. 100 Anthrax in industry (Smyth)................ 114 in mink (Greener).............................. 163 in minks and infection of owner (Pinkerton)...................................... 136 in girl of three years (Moralis)......... 67 occupational. . . . ...... 136 spores, power of halogens to destroy (Hailer, Bockelberg)....................... 160 (Akkermann)..................................... 101 Asbestosis (Baader)................................. 173 (Sparks)................................................ 54 "curious bodies'' in lungs of South African gold miners (Williams) -- 145 in asbestos textile industry (Drees- sen, DallaValle, Edwards, Miller, Mayers)............................................. 21 roentgenological diagnosis of (Saupe) 197 Asphyxia and drowning, experimental, physiological studies (Lougheed, Janes, H all)...................................... 202 Assmann, R.: Toxic liver damage....... 118 Asmussen, E., Christensen, E. H., and Nielsen, M .: I. Pulse frequency and body position. II. The effective Anton, H. : Continuous recording of the ness of blood pressure regulation in skin temperature............................. 105 various body positions. III. Cir Aquilo, A. dell', see Girino, G. culatory insufficiency in the stand Arginase in livers of rats given As and ing position with normal arterial Pb (Lightbody, Calvery)................ 93 pressure and reduced minute vol Arnold, L.: A new surgical mask: a bac ume. IV. The dependence of the triologie air filter........................... 79 pulse frequency during work on Arnoldson, M., see Molltor, P. body position.................................... 181 ABSTRACT Sl'BJl * i Asthma, wood smoke as cause of (Rap- paport, Hecht)........... ................. Atmospheric pollution, flue gases laun dered (Kleinschmidt)..................... investigation of, 24th report; deposit tables for year ended 31st March 1938.................................................. some problems (Monkhouse)............ ventilation and................................... Australia, anthracosis or tuberculosis of coal miners (Badham)............... examination of men exposed to lead hazard at Mt. Isa; examination of blood for polychromasia (Windsor- McLean).......................................... Automobile bodies, lead poisoning in manufacture of (Humperdinck)... ; body plants, lead hazard in soldering and grinding (Humperdinck)....... body workers, lead hazard and pre vention (Triiby).............................. factory, detection of lead poisoning (Molitor, Arnoldson, Hausser) -- Avalos, E.: Electric ophthalmia as an industrial accident.......................... Avdeeva, A. V.: Determination of car bon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide in gases in the presence of each o t h e r ................................................ Aviation, aero-otitis media, inhalation of helium and oxygen (Lovelace, Mayo, Boothby)..................... ....... middle ear inflammation (Gaulejac). medical aspects (Cargill)................. medical problems in substratosphere (Strugnold)...................................... orthoptic training (Schwichtenberg) oxygen in (Boothby, Lovelace)......... preventive medicine in (Whit- tin g h a m ).......................................... psychotechnical selection of (Gem- elli).................................................. Azotemia, central, extrarenal uremia in intoxication with illuminating | gas (Mach, Naville)....................... : Baader, E. W.: Manganese poisoning.. Serious manganese poisoning among Egyptian manganese miners......... Babel, J . : Eye manifestations in a pa tient with the meningotyphus of ' swineherds.................................. Bacteria, air-borne, in surgery of hos- i pital, incidence of (Nisbet, Brooke), air-borne, simple device for sampling i (Hollaender, DallaValle)............... effectiveness of certain types of commercial air filters against B. subtilis (DallaValle, Hollaender).. in air, a t different heights over work ; bench (Oesterle, Braunert)....... in air, effect of ultraviolet light on i (Sharp)........................................ Badgett, W. H., see Giesecke, F. E. see Rummel, A. J. I / Oct., 939] S abstracts 197 Study of the age incidence of tuberculosis in grinders, stone-masons and stone-getters, and coal miners, in Sheffield shows th a t while the grinders and stone workers have a high tuberculosis incidence in middlelife, typical of the effect of adverse'atmospheric conditions, coal miners do not, and it is concluded th at in spite of their pneu moconiosis risk, coal miners (of Sheffield) are not exposed to special tuberculosis risk. Figures are quoted to show th a t in dusty trades women are more susceptible to tuber culosis than males. To eradicate tubercu losis from trades where there is exposure to siliceous dusts, the author recommends th at women should be excluded; all entrants should be examined clinically and radiologically, and those showing any tuberculous lesions (even if apparently obsolete) re jected; no entrant should be accepted who has been exposed to infectious or fatal tuberculosis a t home; radiological ex aminations should be made yearly, and other examinations when necessary; all cases of tuberculosis should be immediately and permanently excluded from the in dustry; working hours should be rigidly limited to 7 per day; education in personal hygiene should be given.--T. Bedford. F urther contributions to the roentgen ological DIAGNOSIS OF ASBESTOSIS. E. Saupe. Arch. f . Gewerbepath., vol. 9, pp. 391-406 (1939). The author, whose recent atlas of as- bestosis (1938) was based on examination of 200 patients, has now examined an addi tional 420 asbestos workers and in th is paper presents interesting material on the diag nosis of the disease. There are 10 roentgen ograms. He gives useful advice for taking pictures under difficult circumstances. Complaints and pulmonary changes seen by x-ray after a few months of work are caused by bronchitis; the first signs of asbestosis may appear after 9-10 months. Tuberculosis is rare among German as bestos workers and the author has en countered no case of lung cancer among those examined.--L. Teleky. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, AND VAPORS: THEIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION T h e INVESTIGATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POL LUTION: R e p o r t on o b s e r v a t io n s i n t h e y e a r e n d e d 31s t m a r c h 1938, 24th r e p o r t . Paper. P p. 117 { s .) . G en era l d epo sit tables fo r th e year e n d e d 31s t m arch 1938. S u p p l e m e n ta r y to t h e 24t h r e p o r t . Paper. Pp. 134 PP- Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, H. M. Stationery Office, London; {4s. 6d.). The report records the results of obser vations made by 88 bodies co-operating with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Altogether, 124 gages for measuring impurities deposited or washed from the atmosphere by rain are in use; there are 16 automatic filters for measuring suspended impurities, 11 sets of volumetric sulfur apparatus, and 54 sets of lead peroxide apparatus. These methods for measuring sulfur pollution have been standardized. On the whole there is a distinct fall in the amount of total solids deposited, and also in the deposit of tar. I t appears that atmospheric pollution in G reat Britain is diminishing. During the winter of 1937-8 the percent age of days on which a thick smoke haze occurred varied from 65 a t Greenwich and 59 a t Stoke-on-Trent, to 3 a t Coventry and 0 at Cardiff. In previous years also Cardiff has shown an extraordinarily clean air. A curious and unexplained fact is th at smoke fogs appear to occur more frequently on Mondays, Tuesdays and Wednesdays than on other days in the week. Figures are given which illustrate the loss of light in industrial areas because of a t mospheric pollution. A prolonged and careful study is being made of pollution in the city of Leicester, with the object of gaining more information of the general occurrence and distribution of the commonest forms of pollution in a typical town, and thus providing a basis for the wider interpretation of existing and future observations. The data are being recorded on 43 instruments placed a t 13 sites in and near Leicester. Jen. 1959] ABSTRACTS 21 osy indicative of dust occurred. The re mainder (62%, or 380 cases) had 1 or more years' experience in granite quarrying, in horn 3.7% of cases of pulmonary pathology .Inc to cust was found by x-ray. Of th is latter group 49% were 35 years of age or ever and 43% had had employment as granite quarriers for 10 years or more. An occupational analysis indicated th a t only 22% of employees were in occupations producing dust although high dust expo sures were not confined to those producing dust. "More fibrosis than usual" as an x-ray class was considered positive for dust inasmuch as it was found only in those with a definite history of dust exposure and not at all in the control group. Thirteen cases of " more fibrosis than usual" were found and 1 case of silicosis. "More fi brosis than usual" was first found in those with a cumulative dust exposure of less than 100 million-particle-years and in creased in frequency as the million-particleycars increased. Silicosis was found in a class of 1500 million-particle-years. Of the group 32 or 8.5% had attained this cu mulative dust exposure. In spite of th e paucity of numbers with positive findings, a threshold dust concen tration was arrived at, 25 million particles per cu. ft. being suggested as a safe lim it. Dust studies indicated exposures from nearly 2 billion to 7 million particles per cu. ft. in certain du st producing opera tions. When these dust producing opera tions were controlled by water, counts within the suggested limit of 25 million particles per cu. ft. were usually attained.-- Lester E . Judd. Health hazards from cement dust and wet concrete. Educational Health Cir cular, Industrial Health Series no. 1, State Dept. Puh. Health, Springfield, III. 0no date). This pamphlet in five sections deals with the hazards incident to the manufacture and use of Portland cement, viz.: respiratory diseases, cement derm atitis, eye disorders, ear trouble, and rheumatism, neuritis, arthritis. On each subject the causes and preventive measures are outlined. No scientific evidence exists to require a per missible lim it for cement dust in the a t mosphere below 100 million particles per cu. ft. Prevention of dermatitis is dis cussed from the standpoint of cement dust as well as wet concrete. Dust control in the manufacturing plant and personal cleanliness both in manufacturing and in its use are indicated. Ear trouble arises from the same factors as those causing dermatitis. Rheumatism, neuritis and arthritis are caused by extreme atmospheric conditions. A ttention to personal hygiene and changing of clothes a t the end of the working day is im portant for those exposed to w ater or dampness. For cold weather, warm clothing is recommended.--W\ C. L. Hemeon. A STUDY OF ASBESTOSIS IN THE ASBESTOS tex tile industry. W. C. Dreessen, J . M. DallaValle, T. I. Edwards, J. W. Miller and R. R. Sayers. U. S. Pub. Health Service Bull. no. 41, Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1938 {Price, 0fi). This study is the result of a request from North Carolina th at the asbestos textile industry be investigated. The objectives were: (1) To make a medical study of the ef fects of long-continued inhalation of as bestos dust on the human body; (2) to identify the manufacturing processes th a t create dust and to recommend practices and, when necessary, equipment th a t will reduce the dust exposure of workers; and (3) to find out what concentration of as bestos dust can be tolerated without injury to health. A description of the manufacturing proc esses with dust count and ventilation data are given in the first chapter. It was found th a t equipment is available th a t will keep dust counts below 5 million per cu. ft. The second chapter gives a statistical analysis of employees with ages, dust ex posures and occupations. Included are some unusually good charts, photomicro graphs of asbestosis bodies, and a set of four small sections from chest x-rays show ing the progress of asbestosis. There fol lows a series of chest x-rays reduced to about 4 by 5 inches with case histories and the average dust counts to which the indi vidual was exposed. There is an interesting analysis of the 22 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY 1vol. i I no. j incidence of asbestosis bodies with specu lation on their use in making a diagnosis of asbestosis. Included is a table of sizefrequency distribution of these bodies. The diagnostic significance of asbestos corns is also discussed. Respiratory em barrassment as dyspnea is compared in this group with a similar group of anthrax silicotics. Following a short section of pathniog-. the medical findings are summarized v. i t k concluding statement th a t only three caw. and these doubtful, were found umoi,t workers exposed to less than 5 milii^ particles per cu. f t.--Philip Drinker DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, AND VAPORS: THEIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION P rocedure in making a scientific in vestigation of dust injury. L . Teleky. Folia med., vol. 3, pp. S-4 (1937). The investigation must always be taken up from the clinical and industrial hygiene point of view. In allergic dust injuries, one must discover which materials are used and under what conditions. In other dust diseases, it is necessary to examine thoroughly all the employees, not only those present in the plant but also those who have been let go and those who are ill. Faultless x-rays are necessary. For the detection of quartz dust in the lung tissue there are various good methods. Examination of dust must be made with the help of suitable instruments (Owens coun ter, impinger); also the chemical analysis of the dust must be carried out by rational methods, since only this kind of analysis allows one to differentiate between free silica and silicates.--L. Teleky. An experim ental study of the toxicity of various types of quartz. D. A. Irwin and C. S. Gibson. Canadian Med. Assn. J ., vol. 39, pp. 349-351 (Oct. 1938). Since the clinical manifestations of sili cosis in different mining areas are not al ways identical, the authors have compared th e capacities of different samples of quartz to provoke reactions when injected in the subcutaneous tissues of rabbits. Fourteen samples of quartz from various mines in Northern Ontario were ground dry in steel ball mills until 96 to 99% of the particles passed a 325 mesh screen. Samples were analyzed gravimetrically and revealed SiO contents varying from 87.2 to 96.6%. The amount of silica dissolved in distilled w ater a t 37C. in a period of 48 hrs. varied from 12.2 to 24:0 p.p.m. as determined colorimetrically by the King and Dolan method. Maximum solubility was ob served in a specimen described as "sugary milky quartz with a bluish mottling: sun;brown staining but no visible seriutr" th a t analyzed only 90.5% SiOj. tsus^s,sions of each of these powders having a concentration of 40 mg. per cc. were imoiin distilled water and autoclaved. It... mediately afterwards 10 mg. of each quart: was injected under the skin of raid.;;The tissue reactions were followed ovi-r . period of 2 yrs. Nodular fibrosis oi o-- : tially the same extent and degree w:.- i duced by each sample of quartz. " The findings in this study lend t. t conclusion th a t any appreciable variate-:, in the reaction produced by mine tin-* containing equal amounts of quart.not due to a variation in the toxicity o f: type of quartz."--L. V . Gardner. Silica content of blood and mr'kop. termination of silica in blood a by kraut's method. H . Frank an-; >. Gerstel. Ztschr. f . physiol. Chcm., : 53, pp. 5-S0 (1938). The authors found 0.025-0.16 mg. SIO. 5 cc. oi blood or 0.37% SiOj in the st:li.->ash. These are much smaller amour: than K raut found (1-3% SiO:). Fur: work on this method seems advisable.- J. Teleky. I dentification of industrial dist . Pr. Engin. Ser., Bull. , pt. 7, A ir Hy giene Foundation, Pittsburgh, Peru--. (July, 1938). In this 18-page pamphlet is present briefly a petrographic technic for studying mixtures of mineral particles in w*hich silica down to 2/i and even smaller particles <d certain other minerals may be identified and quantitated by particle count. June, 1999] ABSTRACTS 145 But it should be pointed out thaft|pccessful results could hardly be anticipated. In human beings with well-established sili cosis, most of the quartz grains are already encapsulated in a fibrous tissue even moredense than the cellular nodule shown in the rabbit's lung. No aurine staining occurred inside the rabbit's nodule, indi cating that the aluminum had not pene trated the dense tissue. The stained alumina is all in cells outside the nodules that had not had time to become incor porated into a mature lesion after removal from a very high concentration of quartz dust. Undoubtedly their particular con tained silica particles would be neutralized so that more new lesions would not be produced but it hardly seems likely that " further progression of fibrosis" would be "halted" as far as the preestablished nodule is concerned. This important paper deserves detailed study by every student of silicosis.--Leroy U. Gardner. Aluminum and silicosis. R. C. Emmons and C. Fries. Am. Mineralogist, vol. 33, pp.654-660 (1998). This is a discussion of the work of Denny, Robson and Irwin on the use of finely divided metallic aluminum in the preven tion of silicosis. The writers agree that aluminum is a " protector" material, but ' disagree with the explanation given. T hat explanation is th a t the aluminum dust inhibits the solubility of siliceous material --as shown by beaker experiments. Em mons and Fries repeated these experiments but kept the pH below 5 with HC1, pre venting the alumina from hydrolyzing to the hydroxide. Under these conditions there was no reduction in the amount of particulate silica in suspension. Sub stantial reductions in the amounts of suspended silica were noted in alkaline solutions. The writers thus feel that the action of protector minerals is " to collect disperse silica into unit aggregates which may be removed by phagocytosis." --C. R. Williams. 'T he presence o r " curious bodies" in THE LUNGS OP SOUTH AFRICAN GOLD miners. E. Williams. J . Path. & Bac terial., vol. 48, pp. 47S-477 (Mar. 1999). " Curious bodies" is the name often applied to the peculiar structures found in asbestotic lungs. They are light colored, but similar dark ones have also been found in the lungs of coal miners. Dr. Williams reports briefly on such bodies seen in the lungs of 32 South African gold miners she has examined. Of the 32, " curious bodies" were present in 1!). Two had definite asbestosis and the pale cored bodies were present in great numbers; in the other lungs they were few in number. In 4 cases only the pale ones were seen, in 7 cases only black cored ones, and in 6 cases both were present. Gross examination showed asbestosis in two, minimal silicotic fibrosis in twelve and no lesions in five. In 5 of the 13 negative lungs, there was minimal silicosis. No histological examinations were made. There was no constant relation between the presence of bodies and silicotic findings, and Dr. Williams is sure th at the bodies are not significant in the development of anthraco-silicosis in the coal miners and trimmers she has examined. They are probably the result of chance inhalation of fibers or spicules. These black cored bodies evidently cannot be produced experi mentally although the pale asbestotic ones can be.--Helen Lawson. R eport of the departmental committee on compensation for card room workers. H. M. Stationery Office, London, 1989. The Committee was appointed to con sider and report whether an equitable and workable scheme could be devised for providing compensation in the case of persons who, after employment for a sub stantial period in card rooms or certain other dusty parts of cotton spinning mills, become disabled by respiratory illness as indicated in an earlier report on dust in card rooms. Further, it was to recom mend the provisions to be included in such a scheme. The Departmental Committee on Dust in Card. Rooms in the Cotton Industry re ported in 1932 th at there was no specific disease present amongst the operatives which could he the eubject of precise clinical diagnosis. This question of diagnosis is regarded as of fundamental importance. i 54 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND TOXICOLOGY [vol. tl, no. S in response to various dusts. These re sponses were essentially the same as pro duced in serous cavities elsewhere in the body by other workers. The injection of a dust or several dusts into both pleural cavities and into the peritoneal cavity of the same animal was found to be a practical procedure resulting in the saving of animals and time. The pleural cavity, due to its close prox imity to lung tissue, proved to be a suitable location for the study of the physiologic response of serous surfaces to implanted dusts.---Authors' summary. T e e danger o r silicosis and practical safety measures. Derdack. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg., vol. 16, pp. 167-170 (.1888). The author discusses dust produced in the manufacture of fireproof bricks and deals briefly with means for preventing its dissemination.--L. Teleky. Varying anatomic behavior of the right heart in severe silicosis. M. Letterer. Verhandl. d. deulsch. Gesell. f. Kreislauf. 11th session, pp. 400-405 (1988). Of 13 cases of severe simple silicosis the author found th a t 11 had hypertrophy of the right heart with a 6-10 mm thick wall of the conus pulmonalis. Of 22 cases with severe silicosis complicated by tuberculosis, there were only 9 cases with this condition. It seems therefore th a t tuberculosis hinders the development of hypertrophy of the right heart and can perhaps even bring about a diminution of it.--L. Teleky. P rotecting health o r workers. A ir Hy giene Foundation. Personnel J., vol. 6, pp. 0 0 - 0 6 (Dee., 1988). Short summaries are given of the work being carried out by various committees of the Air Hygiene Foundation. These in clude work on medical development (silico sis, L. U. Gardner); engineering develop ment (P. Drinker); state codes on health hazards (T. F. Hatch); legal and economic trends (Theodore C. Waters); extent of ill ness (W. E. Hotchkiss); industrial and pub lic relations aspects of industrial health (F. P. Ahearn). Copies of the proceedings can be obtained from the Foundation, 4400 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh.--Helen Lawson. Silicosis in the monument manufac turing industry in Virginia. Virginia State Dept. Health, Bur. Indust. Health, (1938). Most of the stone cutting in the manu facture of granite monuments in Virginia is done out of doors, yet high dust concen trations are shown to prevail in the absence of local exhaust ventilation. This study is based on 46 dust counts in 15 plants employ ing 100 men. Almost all the equipment except sandblast is without exhaust. Xrays of 45 men showed 12 with some degree of lung involvement, 3 of which were in fected. Concentrations up to 20 million particles may be allowed with safety in Virginia plants. Various mechanical ami engineering measures are recommended.-- IF. C. L. Hemeon. Asbestosis. J . F. Sparks. Brit. J. Radiol., vol. 11, pp. 371-877 (June, 193$). The paper describes the clinical an i radiological signs of asbestosis. The chi. complications are (1) purulent bronchi:..-. (2) broncho-pneumonia, (3) pulmom.n tuberculosis, (4) carcinoma.--T. Bcdj\ DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, AND VAPORS: THEIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE SPECTRO- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS FOR SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM a n d l e a d . O. S. Duffendack, K . B. Thomson, W. C. Lee and O. G. Koppius. J . Biol. Chem., vol. 0 6 , pp. 1-7 (1988). (See also Thomson and Lee, Ibid., vol. 118, p. 711, 1937.) The biological material was completely ashed in silica with H:SO< then dissolved h 1 ml or less of a solution containing as c!iiride 2 mg Li and 50mg Ch per 100 ml. Thisolution was also made 0.05 N in HC1,0.05 X in HiSO and 0.03 N in phosphoric an-!. One drop of the dissolved sample was dri.-.i on the end of each of two carbons 0.5 inch long and 0.25 inches in diameter. Spectroscopic analyses were made for X;.. K, Ca, Mg and Cu, using an arc of 2.2 am;- Feb. 19SSJ a t 1,100 v. across the 2.5 mm spark line at 2795 A was com; Cr spark line at 2835 A; K a pared with Li a t 3985 A, Na Cu at 3247 A with Li at 2741 Average errors on known sai for K, 6% for Mg, and 8% determinations were not sn 1,100 v. but were satisfactory with a 0.5 mm. gap. Cu d< were unsatisfactory due to c from reagents and vessels. I mined in urine by evaporating flask 5 ml urine plus 3 ml of a taining per ml, 10 mg Na a> 60 mg Bi as subnitrate. Concentrated HKOj was a residue, a drop a t a time, un white. The excess acid was b the residue dissolved in 0.5 water, placed on carbons as : 2.5 amp. arc at 2,200 v, 60 cyci 0.5 mm gap used. The Pb line compared with the Bi line at 2 The method with extreme pi keep reagents and glassware tamination is accurate down t per L.--F. A. Patty. D etection of lead in etby. OBSERVATIONS ON THE VOl 3-- TETRAETHYL LEAD. H. Chem.-Ztg., vol. 62, pp. 188 This question was studied in ; with the detection of lead ir. liquor from ethylizing apparatu - -.o f ditbizone was shown to be no trustworthy for lead detection, benzine gave color reactions froi can conclude th at it was impu: captol-thiodiazol gave a yellow 2-3 min. The use of a 1% d thiodiazol solution is recomm sensitivity threshold is 3 mg which makes it suitable for teeb Li the determination of Pb x fuels, dimercaptol-thiodiazol yi lowish precipitate even in a coi of 0.000,02 g. Furthermore, c showed th at tetraethyl lead w carbon vapors is volatile even iange of normal temperatures.-- \ D TOXICOLOGY M . 91, no. 7 cases may be confused due to the d "silicosis with infection" and th at "silicosis w ith danger" or without danger" would be pref- uggestions are made concerning >ntion of excessive dustiness in :a ; --E. Storlazzi. ;OOS PNEUMOTHORAX IN ANTHRAosis. M. F. Sokoloff and J . T. Jr. J . A . M. A ., vol. U S, pp. 96 (Apr. St, 1939). T and Farrell compare the inci- spontaneous pneumothorax in d in complicated pneumoconiosis, thracite coal miners, all incapacichronic pulmonary disease and all nthracosilicosi8, 308 (60.7%) had nt tuberculosis; one had a metaImonary carcinomatosis; and 199 omplicated. In the entire series studied, 22 cases of spontaneous lorax (4.3%) were found, 8 having id 12 third-stage anthracosilicoris. _ (4.5%) occurred in association jerculosis. Seven (3.5%) were ong those having simple pneumoind one in the case w ith carcinoma Ten of the tuberculous anthras and the case with the maligd; only one death occurred in the ' uncomplicated anthracosilicosis. dyspnea, a sense of impending n, severe pain in th e chest and constriction on the affected side : were symptoms present in many all collections of air produced i s and the condition was discovered mtine x-ray. Roentgenologies)!^ ition m ust be distinguished from^ natous blebs and pulmonary cysts. - w cases of bilateral spontaneous iorax in pneumoconiosis are pre* taking a total of 9 casfs reported ^ :rature to date. :mpbysema, bleb form ation, and * dhesions are always present hi ilicosis and are factors which ivor th e development of pneumo* nd while the frequent coexistence ulosis and the severe accompany* i further predispose to pleura) this effect is greatly decreased Sept. 1959) ABSTRACTS 173 by the always present thickened visceral pleura which resists tearing or perforation and thus offers an actual protection against the formation of pneumothorax. This explains the low incidence of pleural per forations (4.3%) in this group of anthracite coal miners with anthracosilicosis.--Lucy Schnurer. Based upon his own work and th a t of his student (H. Reploh, Arbeitsschutz, p. 144, 1939, abstracted in this J., SI, p. 146), the author's conclusion is th a t Thomas slag workers' pneumonia is caused by the man ganese in the slag. Animal experiments bear out this conclusion.--L. Teleky. Action o r mineral dusts on connective TISSUE STUDIED WITH THE AID OF A CORNEAL BIOMICROSCOPE. A . Policard and J . Rollet. Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., vol. ISO, pp. 954-957 (1959). Tiny samples of different dusts (< 5 a) were inserted into the cornea of rabbits. The action was followed by testing with Giillstrand's corneal biomicroscope. Very brief descriptions are given of reactions to quartz, opal, kieselguhr, siliceous sand, fuller's earth, permutite, smaltite, musco vite, sericite and lignite. All the minerals containing free silica gave an interstitial corneal reaction, slow to appear but lasting. Permutite and smaltite caused a quick and intense reaction with edema. T hat from fuller's earth was less marked, th a t from mica and sericite was weak and there was none from lignite. The method is recom mended as being simpler and easier than " intraperitoneal injection.--Helen Lawson. Asbestosis. E. W. Baader. Deutsek. med. Wchnschr., vol. 65, pp. 407-408 (1959). A short but excellent description of the origin, clinical aspects and diagnosis of pulmonary asbestosis. Asbestos warts and lung cancer of asbestos workers are dis cussed. I t is comparatively rare to find asbestosis complicated by pulmonary tuber culosis in Germany.--L . Teleky. PULMONART INJURY FROM MANGANESE AND THOMAS SLAO DUST. K . W. Jdtten. Deutsek. med. Wchnschr., vol. 65, pp. 409410 (1959). D ust in cement plants. W. Anselm. Zement, vol. 8, pp. 15-91, 50-55 (1939). The discussion includes the sources of cement dust, methods of collection and precipitation, distribution of particle sizes, distances carried in normal air currents, etc. A study of the health of the cement plant workers showed th at none had ac quired active or inactive pulmonary tuber culosis during decades of exposure to the dust. Since cement dust does not contain free silica, but rather Ca silicates which are strongly alkaline in reaction, this dust seems to have exhibited protective effects. --Chem. Abstr. Claude Bernard's work on e x per i mental pneumoconiosis. G. Rosen. Bull. Hist. Med., vol. 7, pp. 419-410 (Apr. 1959). This is an interesting short paper on Bernard's experimental work in the 1850's. Bernard was unsuccessful in experiments on rabbits over whose heads he attached blad ders containing coal dust. " A t the end of several days the animal can be killed and no black pigmentation of the lungs will be found. One observes some dust particles only in the nasal chambers, but there are none found in the larynx.'' Bernard a t tributed this to the filtering action of the upper respiratory tract. As others pointed out a few years later, Bernard's animals were not exposed long enough to produce an accumulation of dust in the lungs.-- Helen Lawson. DUST, SMOKE, FUMES, AND VAPORS: TH EIR DETERMINATION AND ELIMINATION The production of dust in hard headings and means for its suppression. T wenty-seventh report to th e comm it t e e on " the control of atmospheric conditions in hot and deep m ines." J. I. Graham and W. H. Walton. Trans. Instn. Min. Engrs. Lond., vol. 97, pp. 85109 (Apr., 1959). The paper describes the results of gravimetric, konimeter, and thermal precipi- TOXICOLOGY [voi. t i , no. .lor. 1939] ABSTRACTS 101 ND ANTBBACOSIS IH THE PUlr^ LYMPH NODES. G. MoUttrO^ . Industr., voi. 9,. pp. 330-344^ 1939). ^ pathological study. T he author ; his paper is designed to re- s. .Wished material and to study 'M: aspects of sclerosis of th e lymph 'j he lungs. Examination of tbs! topsied industrial workers indi* .he chronic irritative factor fromj vas relatively unim portant, but ast tended to accumulate in th e , ids.--/ , if. DallaValle. inch coverslip. It is not mentioned whether " blank" observations need to be made. From samples of the dust produced in a t'omish mine by wet drilling and blasting i;i granite it was found th at the loss on ig nition, determined on the sample dried at was about 10% whereas the figure for granite powdered in the laboratory was nmy 0.5%. Further observations showed that the content of combined water might r.-ach la to 20%. This hydration, which curs instantaneously in the dry dust parti'ic, makes a substantial fraction of the total Si and alkali in the dust immediately T echnical health protection in asbestos working plants. K. Akkermann. GesundheiU-Ing., vol. 61, pp. 710-714(1938). Description, with many illustrations of protective installations used in asbestos working plants. The need of medical pre employment examinations, medical super vision and regular alteration of work are mentioned.--L. Teleky. Standards for analyzing dust concen tration. Labor Standards, V. S. Dept, of Labor, vol. 1, p. 6 (Nov., 1938). The American Standards Association has recently authorized its committee on stand .oiiibio in water. Other dusts also have ards of permissible atmospheric contamina , DETERMINATION AND i ca found to have an 8 or 9% loss on ig tion in work places to develop standards for nition. safe limits of concentration for toxic dusts f 1 The solubility for any one constituent and gases. This technical committee, com most readable summary of the :r..m a given pure mineral dust is a functipn prising eminent toxicologists, pathologists a he and his co-workers have donej : ii temperature, time, solid/solvent ratio, and industrial engineers, set up at the re . It was desired to collect sam ples^, .aid particle size. Traces of potash or soda quest of the International Association of ial dust " as the worker breathes ' ^ "austic or carbonated) largely increases Industrial Accident Boards and Commis refore it was stipulated th a t thJ^ -ilica solubility. Small 'amounts of lime sions, is to review the work of other organi , be secured w ithout contamina*-^' ::irrruse the solubility of silica, but larger zations, set up specific standards on toxic list not be wetted with water, and an,uunts reduce the solubility to nil. Sol- materials and furnish physicians and en be heated above 100. ThreS^' .iiiiity may be localized in certain di- gineers interested with information on in if collection were used (a) volatile r---tious. An asbestos fiber is insoluble on jurious exposure. Dr. Roy R. Jones of the rs, using a filter-bed of naphtha*^ long sides but easily soluble a t the U. S. Public Health Service, is to act as laphthalene or anthracene, which hr.ikcu ends, where caustic alkali can be technical secretary of the committee.-- iblimed away from the collected t relatively low tem perature; (b)^ T monstrated. I t is suggested th a t the W. H. Buck. olid filters, e.g. of salicylic characteristic dumb-bell form of the as- D ust: its hazard, control, and collec :.n alcohol) so th a t the d u st can 1 bestosis body in the lung is intimately tion WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO SUR ntrifuging the solution of th e filt connected with the localized solubility of FACE plants. G. E. Lynch. Min. & the residue w ith ether aa d dr the fiber.--T. Bedford. Metall., vol. 19, pp. 616-BO (Dec. 1938). he labyrinth, wherein the dust I by impingement on baffles, Methods of measuring small oust sam The author summarizes the dust hazard from the plant engineer's standpoint and olatile solid filters are u se d . ples. 0. M. Faber. Stavb, no. 8, pp. 4~ discusses in some detail certain principles ig small samples (0.02 to 2 mg j !fi (1938). of dust control. Dangerous dusts are par 1of air) for determining mass i For many purposes it is desirable to have ticles below 10/i in size. After particles ons of dust solids. The sole era yield samples of 20 to 1001 to 50 cu m of air for gravimst <and estimates of mass concent 'he labyrinth gives large samp X) gm for full investigation of 1 >0,000 cu m of air m ay be pa :h a sample. __ said th a t naphthalene filter sampM^T 30 to 500 cc of air, may be used ft* i method which makes it possible to evalutte the amount of dust quickly. Such a method is necessary for testing respirators. *:n*c counting is very troublesome and tring, other methods are preferable. The uthor first reports on various kinds of micrometers, then on methods and instru ments for rapid measurement of dust on t m-.meter slides by photometric methods. of these small sizes are dispersed into the air it is almost impossible to collect or con trol them, so it is obvious th a t control must be applied at the source. A discussion is then given of the principal methods of control and collection; the costs are de scribed as being comparatively low and there is a possible salvage value in col lected dusts, in addition to the other bene fits.--W. H. Buck. ning the size-distribution of d o iT Finally the method of Walton (This J., olving the filter pad in benzene &$,; it. 089, 1936) is discussed and approved D eterm ination o f carbon disulfide and iging the solution so th a t the dull If * u -.-cry suitable.--L. Teleky. CARBONYL SULFIDE IN OASES IN THE PEES- d and evenly distributed on a h s i" -