Document DG0b5enYv7gwnVmLEK0pDXOXa

Industrial Hygiene Digest February, 1956 frequent shocks arising from vibrations at going by tba manipulation of paemnatlc tooLa. The bony changee Included extensive modifications of tba articular surfaces, vacuoles in tho band of tba radius, numerous osteophytes around tba joint and ossification* in tba tricep* tendon. Tbara wta aama limitation in mo rameat, bat no clinical symptoms. An explanation of tba loaiona ia difficult to suggest. .. n.n Hyy. RADIOACTIVITY AND X-ILADIATION 261 Problem* Aaaoctnted with tba Application of External and Internal Radiation Exposure Limits. K. 2. Morgan. An. Ind. Hyg. Assn. Quart. 16. 307-323 (Dae. 1985). Tbia paper la an extensive dlacoaalon of tba many problama to ba solved In order to aatabllab adequate limits for expoaura of parsons to various fronts of radiation externally and Internally. Tba limitations of tba nsa of tba roentgen and other units are discussed. Basie sad othar criteria of pormisalblo axpoanra are atatod. Tba general types of expertmental data needed to establish railable maximum permissible axpoanra values are discussed at length. One need la experimentation on human volunteers. One source of data is that turn, tshod from accidents or military operations, but such data, for Instance from tba tests in the South Pacific, arc Incomplete. Analyses of the distribution of radiation among the bodily or gana are being made oa tba bodice of persons who have died from violence. It will require many years to establish reliable vetoes from both animsl sad human experiments and from soil and wstar analysis, but this should not discourage present investigations or dolay others that are contemplated. A number of administrative problems are discussed. 262 Radiation Haaards to Nouradlologists Participating tu X-Ray Examinations. M. Rlvo, Q. J. D1Anglo, and I. E. Rhodes. J. Am. Med. Assn. 160, 4-10 (Jaa.~*7, 1956). Injuries to physicians continue to occur beesuso of the increasing usa of x-rays and gamma radiation in modern diagnosis. Tbs danger to oonradlelogista is especially great until they learn to practice safety habits and to use available protective equipment. The survey here reported revealed poor safety habits ia moat aonradiologieal personnel and resulted in striking Improvement. In the past, fluoroscopic reduction o( fractures was tbs cemmoasst cause of Injury. Highly malignant fronts of carcinoma developed ia the skin, bat damage to the hemopoietic and reproductive organa has also been serious. New procedures such as cystourethograpby, sngiograpby, myelography, and hip-nailing are hare analysed as to the amount of exposure involved; and the methods needed for pro tection are described. -- Editor's summary 263 Lata Follow-Up Studios aftsr Internal Deposition of Radioactive Materials. V. B. Looney and k. Coiodxid. J. Am. Mod. Assn. 160, 1-3 (Jan. 7. 1956). Sources of material for defining tbs safe levels of rndloelemonts in the body in clude: persons given radium salts for therapy during 1915-1930; employess of laminaos- dial factories before adequate safety measures were taken; and patients given radiologic examinations with thorotrast from shoot 1930 to 1945. Many of those persons are still living. Radium la deposited in tbs skeleton la small artas of high concentration. Malig nant tumors and rosutgenographic changes and symptoms resulting from increased fragility of the skeleton may occur many years after deposition. Thorium la deposited ia the reticu loendothelial system and remains throughout tho Uft of tho patient. Tho major sitas of de position art tho Uror, spleen, and bone marrow. Increased density of the liver and spleen are usually found ou roeatgeuographlc examination. Induration and contraction may be present at the aitea of Injection ia the nock and arms. A small number of primary hepatic tumors, leukemias, and bemstaLogical disorders have been found. Those results warrant further emdlea of large numbers of patteatit'tt'ihe number of tho disorders is significant when compared to suitablycontrol groups. -- Coad. from authors' summary .. U 2.0& 1385