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PFAS regulation and its potential impact on the machine tool industry Sealing types and materials in machine tools VDW Working Group 5 "Machine Tool Design" Frankfurt am Main, July 2023 O-ring preloaded PTFE seals Pneumatic applications Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Image source: VDMA teaching material Boundary conditions for alternatives: -10C to +50C up to 1m/s Dry or oiled air Influence of MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Possible alternative material combinations UHMW-PE / NBR Temperature limit < 80C Polyurethane / NBR Temperature limit <100 C Note increased friction values Pure elastomer seals Temperature limitation VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 2 Support rings based on PTFE for high-pressure hydraulic applications Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: +10C to +70C static High pressure up to 240 bar Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Possible alternatives: UHMW-PE (< 80C) , Elastomers, TPU (<100C) generally thermoplastics more difficult assembly and observe assembly limits Disadvantages: Assembly Universal resistance to operating materials is lost VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 3 PTFE-based guide elements for pistons Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: +10C to +70C 1 m/s No pressure resistance, surrounded by pressure on all sides depending on the application, Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Possible alternatives: UHMW-PE (< 80C) , Thermoset (fabric composites) Thermoplastic materials such as POM, PA ... Disadvantages: Universal resistance to operating materials is lost Increased friction values are to be expected (higher energy input necessary) VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 4 O-rings on FKM and FFKM basis Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 0C to +70C static High pressure up to 240 bar Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Possible alternative: NBR, HNBR The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can sometimes cause critical changes in NBR and HNBR for the application. In-depth studies are necessary for this Max. application temperatures NBR approx. 100C depending on the media to be sealed HNBR approx. 140C VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 5 X-rings on FKM and FFKM basis Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 0C to +70C Static + quasistatic High pressure up to 240 bar Influence of MWF and of flowing grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Possible alternative: NBR, HNBR The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can sometimes cause critical changes in NBR and HNBR for the application. In-depth studies are necessary for this Maximum application temperatures depending on the media to be sealed NBR approx. 100C HNBR approx. 140C VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 6 O-ring preloaded translational hydraulic seals Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 10C to +70C 1 m/s High pressure up to 240 bar Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Affected material combinations PTFE filled / NBR PTFE filled / FKM UHMW-PE (Z80) / FKM Polyurethane / FKM Image source: VDMA teaching material Possible alternative material combinations UHMW-PE / NBR Temperature limitation up to 80C and pressure limitation up to 350 bar Polyurethane / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100 C Note increased friction values Thermoplastics such as PEEK or similar / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100C Friction and mounting possibility must be checked The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 7 O-ring preloaded rotary seals Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 10C to +70C 1 m/s High pressure up to 240 bar Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Affected material combinations PTFE filled / NBR PTFE filled / FKM UHMW-PE / FKM Possible alternative material combinations UHMW-PE / NBR Temperature limitation up to 80C and pressure limitation up to 300 bar Polyurethane / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100 C Note increased friction values Thermoplastics such as PEEK or similar / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100C Friction and mounting possibility must be checked The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 8 Radial shaft seals Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 10C to +70C Up to 30000 RPM Almost pressureless Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Changeover to other elastomers possible, in which case the chemical resistance and also the circumferential speed must be taken into account. At high circumferential speeds, the frictional heat rises sharply, which makes the use of NBR and possibly also HNBR impossible. The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 9 Lip ring seals Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 10C to +70C Circumferential speed up to 2 m/sec Almost pressureless (1 bar overpressure) Influence of MWF, lubricating oil and fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Changeover to other elastomers possible, in which case the chemical resistance and also the circumferential speed must be taken into account. At high circumferential speeds, the frictional heat rises sharply, which makes the use of NBR and possibly also HNBR impossible. The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 10 O-ring preloaded PTFE wipers Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: -10C to +50C up to 1m/s pressureless Environmental influences Influence of MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Affected material combinations PTFE filled / NBR PTFE filled / FKM Possible alternative material combinations UHMW-PE / NBR Temperature limitation up to 80C and Polyurethane / NBR Temperature limit up to 100 C, observe increased friction values Thermoplastics such as PEEK or similar / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100C Friction and mounting possibility must be checked The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 11 O-ring preloaded hydraulic rod seals Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 10C to +70C 1 m/s High pressure up to 240 bar Influence of HLP46, MWF and of CGLP lubricating oil, fluid grease xxx Target same service life Image source: VDMA teaching material Affected material combinations PTFE filled / NBR PTFE filled / FKM UHMW-PE (Z80) / FKM Polyurethane / FKM Possible alternative material combinations UHMW-PE / NBR Temperature limitation up to 80C and pressure limitation up to 350 bar Polyurethane / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100 C Note increased friction values Thermoplastics such as PEEK or similar / NBR Temperature limitation up to 100C Friction and mounting possibility must be checked The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 12 Special rotation seals Public consultation: Fluoropolymers such as PTFE and FKM generally have long chain "large molecules" organised recycling at the end of life, closed loop, abrasion does not enter the environment ... For prohibition: Limitation lifetime, tightness, friction, energy consumption, sustainability, safety. Spare parts in old constructions/machines (Special spare parts require special shapes) Boundary conditions for alternatives: 10C to +70C Circumferential speed up to 2 m/sec Almost pressureless (1bar overpressure) Influence of MWF, lubricating oil and fluid grease xxx Target same service life Changeover to other elastomers possible, in which case the chemical resistance and also the circumferential speed must be taken into account. At high circumferential speeds, the frictional heat rises sharply, which makes the use of NBR and possibly also HNBR impossible. The different additives in the cooling lubricants are usually critical, as they can cause changes in NBR and HNBR that are sometimes critical for the application. In-depth investigations are necessary for this VDW WG 5 | PFAS Regulation & Public Consultation |18.09.23 | Page 13 1,N91MAff w ww German Machine Tool Builders' Association (VDW) Torsten Bell Research and Technology Phone +49 69 756081-15 E-Mail @vdw.de Internet www.vdw.de