Document DDnx72vbL9Lqk6GD21NrEm9oO

TRHNSR CTIONS 34th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS CHICAGO October 7-11. 1946 VOLUME I Part 1 General Subject and Industrial Sessions VOLUME I. Part 2. concludes the Industrial Sessions VOLUME II contains the Traffic, Commercial Vehicle. Transit. School and College. Home, Farm and Women's Activities Sessions. National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Waclcer Drive, Chicago 6 Copyright 1947, Notional Solely ("'ounril, lnc Printed io U.S.A. PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 1 Foreword VOLUME I HE Transactions of the 34th National Safety Congress * and Ex|)osition of the National Safety Council are pub lished in two volumes. Volume I is published in two parts, of which this is Part 1, and contains the Annual Council Meeting, the banquet, the general subject sessions, and the Industrial Section sessions. In Volume II will be found the Traffic, Com mercial Vehicle, Transit, School and College, Home, barm and Women's Activities sessions. The Transactions are a record of the proceedings of the Congress, condensed and edited for reference purposes. They are, therefore, an abridged version of the papers and discus sions. The original manuscripts, some of which have drawings and charts too expensive to reproduce here, are available in the files of the National Safety Council. The National Safety Council, at its Congresses, seeks to eliminate from discussion matters which are not pertinent to the aims of the Congress, or which may be contrary to the Council's policies. However, it cannot accept responsibility for all views expressed, either in the discussions of the Con gress itself or in this record of them. Extra copies of Volume I (including Parts 1 and 2, which cannot be sold separately) may be obtained by Council mem bers at $2.50 each. The price to non-members is $5.00 each. Extra copies of Volume II are $1.25 each. THE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL INC 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago 6, Illinois CONTENTS Volume 1 4B- Part 1 Council Officers........................................................................................ jv Using the Transactions.......................................................................... xi Annual Meeting of Members............................................................. 1 Accident Facts.......................................................................................... 17 Banquet ..................................................................................................... 27 Boilers and Pressure Vessels............................................................. 33 Chemical Waste Disposal................................................................... 43 Conference of Federal SafetyEngineers...................................... 57 Electrical Hazards................................................................................... 59 Fire Prevention.......................................................................................... 65 Industrial Health...................................................................................... 71 Labor Management............................................................................... 85 Maintaining Interest................................................................................103 Plastic Face and Eye Protectors......................................................... 113 Rehabilitation ........................................................................................... 115 Speaking Straight--Thinking Straight............................................121 Testing Safety Equipment.................................................................... 145 Visual Aids..................................................................................................153 Walkway Surfaces.................................................................................. 159 .Aircraft Manufacturing Section......................................................... 163 Air Transport Section............................................................................. 175 ASSE--Engineering Section................................................................201 Automotive and Machine Shop Section....................................... 205 Cement and Quarry Section..............................................................229 Chemical Section.................................................................................... 239 Coal Mining Section................................................................................255 Construction Section............................................................................ 297 Part 2 Employee Publications Section 317 Food Section. . !.......................................................................................319 Industrial Nursing Section.................................................................. 343 Marine Section........................................................................................... 371 Meat Packing, Tanning and Leather Industries Section.... 403 Metals Section........................................................................................... 429 Mining Section........................................................................................... 451 Paper and Pulp Section...................................................................... 483 Petroleum Section.................................................................................... 503 Power Press Section................................................................................531 Public Utilities Section.........................................................................549 Rubber Section.........................................................................................5G7 Steam Railroad Section..................................................................... 570 Textile Section .........................................................................................617 Wood Products Section.........................................................................635 Safety Exposition Exhibitors............................................................. 645 Index .............................................................................................................551 National Safety Council, Inc OFFICERS President: Ned H, Dearborn, Chicago, III. Vice-President for farms: Guy L. Nobi.f, Managing Director, National Committee on Hoys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, 111. Vice {'resident for finance, and Treasurer: J. W. Mim.ard, Presi dent, Industrial Gloves Company, Danville, III. Vice-President for Homes: Dr. D. B. Armstrong. 2nd Vice-Presi dent. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. Vice-Presulent for Industry: C. E. Wooliever, Director of Person nel, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice-President for Local Safety Organizations: Judce Lee E. Skfel, Appellate Court, Cleveland, Ohio. Vice Presulent f<rr Membership: R. T. Solensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Company, New York, N. Y. Vice President for I'ublic Information: W. Earl Hall, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason City, Iowa. Vice-Presulent for Schools and Colleges: Dr. H. T. Hf.a id. Presi dent, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 111. Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation: Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, 111. Virc-f'rcsident for Women's Activities: Miss Pauline E. Mandioo, Public Relations Counsel, New York, N. Y. Secretary : R. L. Fornev, General Secretary, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Assistant Treasurers: B. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, III.; II. H. Grf.enwald, Director, Accounting Division, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. TRUSTEES Chairman of the Trustees: William A. Irvin, Member, Executive Committee, United States Steel Corp., New York, N. Y. Vice ( hairman of the Trustees: Robert C. Stanley, President, International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd., New York, N. Y. Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Treasurer of the Trustees: Thomas W. Lamont, Chairman of the Board, J. P. Morgan and Company, New York, N. Y. Members W i nth hop W. Aldrich, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. Mei.vin H. Baker, President, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. TV tots Vw v>rit<rd of Oflkw. TniRwf. Board of Dindore ud Eiwniw Board, taciode thow elected at the 19* National Safety Congrea* and. in the raae of the Trustee*. certain members previously elected for a two or three year term.) IV National Safety Council, Inc. James B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif. S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Morc.an B. Brainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, C onn. Cason J. Callaway, Blue Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Tex. Thomas I. Gasmen, Chairman, Railway Labor Executives' Asso ciation, Washington. D. C. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Com ' pany, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colman, President, J. M. Colrnan Company, Seattle, Wash. Howard ( <h>nley, ( hairman of the Executive Committee, American Standards Association, New York, N. Y. Frederick ( Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc., Cleve land, Ohio Walter J. < umminos. Chairman of the Board, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, III. Ned H. Dearborn,,President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111 Richard R. Df.upree, President, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati. Ohio Benjamin F. Hairless. President, United Slates Steel Corporation. Pittsburgh, Pa. Francis J. Gavin, President, Great Northern Railway Company, St Paul, Minn. Walter S. Gifford. President, American Telephone and Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. William Grff.n, President, American Federation of Labor, Wash ington, D. C. E. Roland Hakriman, Brown Rrothers Harriman and Company, New York, N. Y. William A. Irvin, Member, Executive Committee, United States Steel Corporation, New York, N. Y. William M. Jf.fffrs, Vice Chairman of the Board. Union Pacific Railroad Company, North Hollywood, Calif. Horace P. Livkrsidoe, President, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Gustav Metz man, President, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Thomas A. Morgan, Chairman, The Sperry Corporation, New York, N. Y. ' Philip Murray, President, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, I C C. National Safety Council, Inc. Benjamin O'Shea, Member. Hoar*! of Directors, Union Carbide and Carbon Corp., New York, N. Y. Thomas I. Parkinson, President, Kqnitablc Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York, N. Y. W. S. S. Rodoers, (Chairman, The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. William A. Simpson, President, William Simpson Construction Company, Los Angeles, Calif. Herbert K. Smith, President, United States Rubber Company, New York, N. Y. Robert C. Stanley. President, International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd , New York, N Y. John Stilwell, Vice-President, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc., New York, N. Y. Juan T. Trippe, President, Pan-American Airways System, New York. N. Y. Harry C Wiess, President, Humble Oil and Refining Company, 1 loustnn, Texas C. 1C Wilson, President. General Electric Comnan\LNew York. N. Y. Charles E. Wilson, President, General Motors Corporation, I>e- I troit, Mich. . I Charles Deere Wiman, President, Deere and Company, Moline, III. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Hoard of Directors: John Stilwell, Vice-Presi dent, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, New York, N. Y. Members H \V Anderson, Vice-President in Charge of Industrial Relations General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mich. D. B. Armstrong, Second Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insur ance Co., New York, N. Y. Wallace N. Barker, Executive Vice-President, Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing Co., Chicago, 111. Thomas E. Branut, President, Braniff Airways, Inc., Dallas, Texas James B. Carey, Secretary-Treasurer, Congress of Industrial Or ganizations, Washington, I). 0. Clarence C. Carlton, Vice-President, Motor Wheel Corporation, Lansing, Mich. Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. Ci.F.o F. Craig, Vice-President, American Telephone and Telegraph Co., New York, N. Y. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Mrs. La Feu. Dickinson, President, Genera! Federation of Women's Clubs, Washington, D. C. National Safety Council, Inc Wallace I. E.\i.w\, \ irr I'rcMdeni. Nb^ailiiMiiv Bonding and Insurance Co.. New York, N. Y. W. Karl Hall, Managing Editor, Mavm ("it\ Globe Gazette, Mason < tty, Iowa D. IV Hartson, \'tcc President. Equitable (ias Company. Pittsburgh, Pa. Dm. H. T. Hr alii, J 'resident, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chi cago, III. G. A. Hf.user, President. Henry Vogt Mat bme Co., Louisville. Ky C. A. Kirk, Executive Vice-President, International Business Ma chines Corp., New York. N. Y H. P. Ladds, President, National Screw and Manufacturing Co., < leveland, Ohio ( eor<.e H Lowf;, Lowe and Huggins, Ogden, Utah Alfred J. Lundhero, Oakland, Calif A. E. Lyon, Executive Secretary, Railway Laf>or Executives Asso ciation, Washington. I) C. Miss Pauline E. Maniui.o, Public Relations ( ounsel New VmT N. Y I. W. Millard, President. Industrial (doves Co.. Danville, III. Guy L. Nori k, Managing Director, National t ummittee on Bovs and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Henry E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., San Francisco, Calif Walter S, Painf, Manager, Engineering and Inspection Depart merit, Aetna Life Affiliated Companies, llaitford. Conn ( . E. Pettironf. Vice-President and Manager, Engineering Depart merit, American Mutual Liabdilv Insurant r ` <> . Boston, Ma-s R I. RFioHirru. Treasurer, New ! lav mi Trap Rk < ", \e Haven, Conn Iuix.e Lee E. Skf.m., Appellate ( ourr. < le\land. ohm Theodore Ir Smith, President. Oliver Iron and Steel Corp, Pitts burgh. Pa. R. T. Soifnmen, Vice-President, Elliott Scivite Co, New Nmk, NY Leslie J. Sorfnson, City Traffic Engineer, Chicago, II! John Stilwfil, Vice-President, Consolidated Edison ( o. *f New York, New York, N. Y. Robert J. Watt, Inter national Representative, American Federation of Labor, Washington. D C. ( . K. Wooliever, Director of Personnel, A O Smith Corp.. Mil waukee, Wis. EXECUTIVE BOARD ( hairnutn <>f the / H<>nnf Wvi imi S Paine. Manager. Engineering and Inspection Department. Aetna I.ife Affiliated Companies, Hartford, < onn. / Vl vii National Safety Council, Inc National Safety Council, Inc. Members-at-Large 1 >n I), B. Armstrong, Second Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. ' I. I Banash, Consulting Loginper, Chicago, 111. C. W. Bfjrgquist, Hinsdale, III. W. K. Brown, Safety Director, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc . New York, N. Y. A. I R. Curtis. Assistant to General Manager, Portland Cement As sociation, Chicago, III. Ned If Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. R. H. Ferguson, Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corp, Cleve land, ()hio Kirk Fox, Editor, Successful Farming, Meredith Publications, Des Moines, Iowa F.ari. Fyi.er, Superintendent of Industrial Relations, Carncgie-Illinois Steel Corp., South Works, Chicago, III. W F.ari, Ham., Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason < ity, Iowa I in.iin II Harvey, Managing Director, National Conservation Bu reau. New York, N. Y. T I.yie Hazi.ett, Medical Director, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Fast Pittsburgh, Pa. ^ Dr H. T. Hf.au>, President. Illinois Institute of Technology, Chi cago, 111. James W Hudson, Assistant Western Counsel, Northern Pacific Railway Co, Seattle, Wash. Mrs Hiram C Houghton. Second Vice-President, General Federa tion of Women's Clubs. Red Oak, Iowa Wm ttr G King, Safety I>irector. American Optical Co., New York, NY Ruin E !ng. Superintendent of Safety. The Delaware and Hud son Railroad Corp. Albany. N V Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner, Public Roads Administra tion, Washington. 1). C. Mtss Pauline E. Mandico, Public Relations Counsel, New York, NY. _ Paul A. McGhee, Dean of The School of General Education, New York University, New York, N. Y. Harold L. Miner, Manager, Safety and Eire Prevention Division, F. I. du Pont <le Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, Dela. Guy L Nobi e, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Walter S. Paine, Manager, Engineering and Inspection Department, Aetna Life Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn C. E. Pettibonf, Vice-President and Manager, Engineering Depart ment, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co, Boston, Mass. R. J. Reigkluth, New Haven Trap Rock Co., New Haven, Conn. Brig Gen. Harry A Reninger, Director of Safety and Welfare. Lehigh Portland Cement Co, Allentown, Pa. I heodorf. S. Reppi.ikr, President, The Advertising ( owned, Inc., Washington, D C. J. L. Risinger, Safety Supervisor, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co, Inc., New York, N. Y. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Co, Duluth. Minn. Juih.e Lee K. Skeel, Appellate Court, Cleveland, Ohio I)f.Witt Smith, Vice-Chairman in Charge of Domestic Services, I he American National Red Cross, Was)lington I). C. R. T. Soi.ensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Co New York N. Y. '' Leslie J. Sorenson, ( ity I rafiie Engineer, Chicago, III. R. C. Stratton, Supervising Chemical Engineer, Travelers Insur ance Companies, Hartford, Conn. C. E. Woolievf.r. Director of Personnel, A. 0. Smith Corp., Mil waukee, Wis. Dr. William P. \ ant. Director of Research and Development, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Representatives of the Conference of Local Safely Organizations Harry H. Bhainero, Executive Manager, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Dr. B. L. ( orRETT. Manager, Milwaukee Safety Commission, Mil waukee, Wis. W(union Dheyek. Manager, East Bay Chapter, National Safety Council, (>akland, ( alif Reyburn Hoffmann, Manager, I he Safety Council of Greater St. I amis, St. Louis, Mo. Harold E. Lillie, Manager, Lansing Safety Council, Lansing, Mich R. I4.. Pierson, Superintendent of Safety, Latin American Division, Pan-American World Airways, Miami, Fla. I'hed M. Rosseland, Manager, Newark Safety Council, Ncwaik, N. I. --------------------- ------------------- Representatives of the Conference of Sections John ( . Askam, Safety Director, The Ohio Oil Co., Findlay, Ohio E. A. Blanchard, < liiet. Safety and Accident Prevention Division, Corps of Engineers. Washington, I) ( viii ix National Safety Council, Inc. - W. Graham ( !ole, Assistant Secretary, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. James J. DtK^iAN, Supervisor, Lcpiipment Safety and Fire Control Div, Carbide ami Carlton Chemicals Corp , South Charleston, W. Va Miss Joanna Johnson, R.N., Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co, Milwaukee, Wis. W. Dean Kef.fer, Second Vice-President, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, III I K. Ivas, Safety Supervisor, United States Rubber Co, Passaic, NL HONORARY MEMBERS Assocation of Iron and Steel Engineers Rohfrt W. Campbell Lew R. Palmer* W. H. Camp.ron John Stii.wf.i.l I I. W. Min.aho I >eceased PAST PRESIDENTS Robert W. Campbell* Arthur T. Morf.y* Lf.w K. Palmer* David Van Schaack* Ralph C. Richards* C. P. Toi.man Arthur 11. Youn<; Marcus A. Dow Lewis A Df.Hi.ois C. H Auel* Charles IL Scott* Waiter G. Kino Homer E. Niesz* Uric. Gf.n. Henry A. Reninuir < E Pettibone C. W. Hfjm;quist L I. IIanash John E. Lonc; Dr. C. H. Watson D. I). Fennell John Stii.wf.ll *1 )ei cased Using the Transactions Each edition of these Transactions is a library of safety experience. Hundreds of men and women--leaders in industry, trans portation, insurance, and governmental agencies -give the best of their knowledge and background to the cause of accident prevention at the Annual Safety Congress. This knowledge and experience, accumu lating year after year, is of great value to progressive industrialists and businessmen. Plan of Arrangement Safety ideas, topics, and problems, as well as personalities important in the field of safety, can be found by reference either to the Table of Contents or to the Index at the end of Part 2 of the volume. The Table of Contents lists (a) General Sessions, (b) Subject Sessions dealing with problems common to many industries, (c) Industrial Section meetings. Subject Sessions and Industrial Sections are arranged alphabetically. In the body of the book the several meetings of each In dustrial Section are printed as they appeared in the daily time schedule of the original program. The detailed alphabetical Index makes it easy to find specific safety material It lists hundreds of items in three ways; (a) sub jects discussed, i.e., absenteeism, dusts, safety shoes, welding; (b) speakers in the case of formal papers. Speakers' names are printed in italics; (c) Industrial Sections, i.e., Chemical, Construction, Food, Marine, etc. Under each Industrial Section are listed the subjects of its complete program. Use the Transactions . . . . .. To solve accident problems of foremanship, protective clothing, dermatitis, welding operations, ventilation, substitute materials and many others. . .. To aid in meeting such special war prob lems as off-the-job accidents, war conser vation of personal protective equipment, wartime fire protection, and women in war industry. These subjects receive special em phasis in these Transactions. The Early Morning Sessions (Man to Man on the Job) stress (he proper approach to employee training problems faced by all expanded in dustries. ...To obtain speech-making materials for the safety director or business executive who plans to speak on accident prevention. In addition to facts and authoritative opin ions, this book contains many splendid ex amples of safety talks which can be used as guides or models. In addition, much of the material can be used in local publicity, plant publications and bulletin board an nouncements. . . . To learn the points of view' held by the leaders of the safety movement These leaders, as officers or members of the Coun cil's Industrial Sections, or as puhhre officials, contrihupte ideas which can be u<ed in the organizing of safety programs . . . To gain a better understanding of the National Safety Council's services and the national safety program A survey of the material contained in the Transactions will supply the reader with increased knowledge of the growing power of the safety move ment and of the means by which this power is expressed. xi r ASSE - Engineering Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 (>eneral Chairman- Roy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Flectric Co., Philadelphia, Pa. I ice-thairman-- John S. Shaw, Hemiles Powder Co., Wilmington. Del. dee-Chairman-- R. H. Ferguson, Republic Steel Corp, Cleveland, Ohio Secretary--A. D. Caddell, National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, III. Regional Representativex-- Eastern Region E. R. Granniss, Royal Indemnity Co, New York, N. Y. Central Region R. H. Ferguson, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. ll'estem Region O. R. Hakcwig, ( rown-Zellerbarh (orp . Portland, Ore. Members-ot-lMrge-- Cyril Ainsworth, American Standards Assn., New York, N Y. C. I). Attawav, Arkansas Purl Oil Co., Shreveport, I .a Hermann Bfhr, l.utnhcrmens Mutual Cas. Co, Poston, Mass. Richard C. Jones, Jeffery Mfg. Co., CoUmdms, Ohio. A. A. Klinge, Public Service Co. of Colorado, Denver, Colo. E. C. McFadx>en, Texas Employers Ins. Assn., Dallas, Texas. Karl Schulze, Standard Oil Co. of Calif., San Francisco, Calif. W. P. Yant, Mine Safety Appliance Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Robert H. Williams, Bingham Pump Co., Portland, Ore. , Chapter Representatives - C. D. Attaway, Arkansas Fuel Oil Co., Shreveport, l.a, (Ark-La-Tex Chapter). Kenneth S. Butler, B. F. McDonald Co., San Francisco, California (San Francisco Chapter), S. Hughes Chamimks, Girdlcr Corp. & 'l ube Turns, Inc., Louisville, Ky. (Louisville Chapter). Earl M. Dete.rly, Soil Conservation Service, Fort Worth, Texas (Fort Worth Chapter). Jof. L. DiJumo, Todd Pacific Shipyards, Seattle, Wash. (Puget Sound Chapter). J. W. Li.i.enih k. The Texas ( ompany. Port Arthur, Texas ( Sabine-Neelies C hapter). , Ben Godfrey, Div, of Safety A* Hygiene, Industrial Comm, of Ohio, Columbus, Ohio `I (Central Ohio Chapter). 201 202 Mth National Safety Congress, J946 I. D G>ufv, Linpho frs Ins. ( t> of \)a , Birmingham, Ala (Alabama Chapter). Julius Hannock, U, S Engineers, Oak Ridge, Term. (Oak Ridge Chapter). George F. Hfrie, \V. C Lipe, Inc , Syracuse, N. Y. (Central New York Chapter). S B. Horrkli Carey Sal! Company, Hutchinson, Kansas (Wichita Chapter). Wiij.iam E. Jones, Climax Molybdenum Co., Climax, Colorado (Colorado Chapter). W. 1. Kent, Magnolia Petroleum Co., Datias, Texas (Southwest Chapter). Frank A. King, Mine Safety Appliance Co, Atlanta, Ga. (Georgia Chapter). Paul C. Lamb, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge, Mass, (Boston Chapter), Henry S. Lf.e, Travelers Ins. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. (Northwest Chapter). C. W. MacRitcmif, K. I. duBont de Nemours, Niagara Falls, N. Y. (Niagara Frontier Chapter). J. Howard Myers. Atlantic Rfg Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (Philadelphia Chapter). M. TJ. Oakes, Sacramento ATSC, McClellan Field, Calif, (Sacramento Valley Chapter). . A, F. Parmelee, U. S. Safety Service Co., Kansas City, Mo. (Kansas City Chapter). John H. Sweden, Liberty Mutual Ins. Co., Springfield, Mass. (Western Massachusetts Chapter). C. P. Smith, Laclede Steel Co., Alton, III. (St. Louis Chapter). S, T. Smith, Consolidated Steel Corp., Maywood, Calif. (I>os Angeles Chapter). Berle Swift, Barnsdall Oil Co., Tuha, Okla, (Tulsa Chapter). F.. F. Tingiey, United Gas Pipe Line Co., Houston, Texas (Gulf Coast Chapter). Howard P. Wall, American Optical Co., New York, N. Y. (Metropolitan Chapter). Willmm F. Weber, Western Electric Co., Kearny, N. J. (New Jersey Chapter). Robert H. Wiiliams, Bingham Pump Co., Portland, Ore. (Portland Chapter). Phillip L. Wise, Blaw-Knox Company, Blawnox Pa. (Western Pennsylvania Chapter). I. C. Yates, Alabama Drydork & Shipbldg. Co., Mobile, Ala. (Mobile ( hapter) Past General Chairmen J. I. Banash, Consulting Eng., Chicago, 111, E. W. Beck, United States Rubber Co., New York, N. Y. H. R. Bixef.r, Life Office Management Assn., New York, N. Y. C. B. Roui.et, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. Fred W. Braun, Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis. R. E. Donovan, Standard Oil Co,, of Calif., San Francisco, Calif. H. J. Griffith, Vesta Channopin Coal Divn., Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pit' burgh, Pa. W. Dean Keeper, Lumbermens Mutual Casualty Co., Chicago, 111. Kobfjit McA. Keown, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. VVili.r Maci.aciij an, Hydro-Electric Power Commission, Toronto, Ont., Canada. Waiter S Paine, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co, Hartford, Conn. V S Vrccta. r>nrral Time Instrument Corp., New York. N. Y. !> V Verm fc Gnrwfet Corp. New York. N. Y. J. Ple'vr.idtfW C W Smttti. Scorn., Vlex . H S. Smith, Union Carbide & Carlrnn Corp,. Xc York. N. Y. R. F. Tmalner, Buick Motor l)ivn, General Motors Corp., Mint, Mich. S. E. Whiting, Swampsrott, Mass. American Society oj Safety Engineers- Engineering Section TUESDAY EVENING SESSION October 8, 1946 Presiding: W. Dean Keftkr, Second Vice-Pres., Lubermens Mutual Casualty Co 203 (Summary of Proceedings) W. DEAN KEEFER: The activities of the Standing Commit this organization, ami also to thank each tees and of the Chapters are contained in a printed report, copy of which was dis tributed to those in attendance at Sunday's Executive Committee meeting. Additional of you for your confidence in honoring me with the office of General Chairman, and placing me in a position to serve you. copies will be mailed to ail Chapter Chair I am not going to make a speech. How men and Representatives. These reports are comprehensive, and cover the principal activities of the Society. I would only supplement these by saying that the ASSE has continued to grow, eight new Chapters having been added dur ing the business year now closing, bringing the total of Chapters to 30. 1 am informed ever, I do want you to know that after many years of activity in ASSE, I believe I am conversant with many of the prob lems, the aims, and objectives of this or ganization, ami the one promise 1 make is that I will do my utmost to carry on the affairs of this Society in accordance with the trust yon have placed in me. that several more are in prospect. It will be my aim to help bring safety I would like to take this opportunity to engineering closer to professional recog commend the Secretary, whose untiring nition by the other engineering societies. In tfforts have been responsible in no small order to accomplish this, we must have your Measure for these increases. In the dis wholehearted support in maintaining the charge of secretarial duties, he has visited standards of our Society on a high plane. aitfi each of the chapters and many of the >TO*pective chapters. This has necessitated . ttosiderable traveling in addition to office tales. I now have a very pleasant duty to per form. Dean, will you please stand up. It is a pleasure, on behalf of the membership, for me to present you with this engrossed I also want to take this opportunity to certificate in token of our appreciation for **pr*ss my sincere and grateful appreciatai to the chairmen and members of the your leadership during the past two years. With it goes the hope that you will con Shading Committees. They have served tinue to serve for many years helping us to taooghout a two-year period, and have continue to build ASSE Rcfc done a splendid job. I especially want I commend the Committee on Revision of A. IX CADDELL (Secretary, ASSE): taConstitution and By-Laws. They worker! In addressing the members on the important ly on a most difficult assignment, will discuss their findings a little later ta program. 'll was voted that the nominations be - closed, and the Secretary instructed `R unanimous ballot electing the slate Ictra presented by the Nominating question of the Revision of the Articles of Government of this Society, I believe it to be only proper to point to the magnitude and many difficulties of rbi* ta<-k. which confronted the Committee. Because of war time travel restrictions, it was not always possible for Committee members to attend meetings. Although numerous meetings to serve the Society in the re were held, it was necessary to carry on a offices for the 1946 1947 season. large amount of correspondence, ail of tM. GODWIN (Chairman-clcct and which was giv*m consideration in reaching Dir., Philadelphia Electric Co.)th:e consensus presented to the membership ' fellow-member?; n{ ASSE, in the August, 1946, issue of the Society's First, 1 want to thank the NomCunmittee for selecting me to head News Letter, as provided in Section I of Article VIII of the Constitution, on amend ments. Air Transport Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 ^Honorary Life Member-- Major R. W. Schroebf.R, Glenview, Illinois. [General Chairman--Walter T. Johnson, American Airlines lnc.f La Guardia Field, New York. Vice-Chairman -Gilbert F. Tylkr, Pan American Airways Inc., La Guardia Field, New York. ' ^SffT/f<iry- Russell F. Holprf.n, Trans World Airlines lnc.( I.a Guardia Field, New York. Letter F.ditor--John A. O'Donnfii., American Airlines Inc , I,a Guardia Field, New \ York. \ter\nq Committee Chairman--Ai.i.an W. Hau as, Air Transport Association of ^Aiwrica, Washington, D. C. trt Committee Chairman- Kuward T. Lf.F, Eastern Air Lines Inc, Miami, Florida. k.t Committee Chairnnm S. J. Miu.f.r, Capital Airlines (l'('A), Washington, l> C. ^Committee Chairman- Dr. 11. K. Howards, Eastern Air Lines Inc, Miami, Florida. i Committee Chairman A. N. Chavman, Trans World Air Lines, Inc, Kansas i Missouri. land Program Committee Chairman - Fowlfr Barker, Air Transport Mazarine, York, New York. jjjjfcj ftfprrtrnfafn'fj-- kCn.. (in-RERT E. Teai., AC , Washington, D C Fn.ix L. Baker, USN., Washington, D C Chairmen-- r Ft Bloomer, Trans World Air lines Inc , Kansas City, Missouri. 1C Curtiss, United Air Lines Inc , Chicago. Illinois. I I.NIKRF.R, Aero Insurance Underwriters, New V>rk, New York, wtahVe-E. F. Marconi, National Safety Council. Inc, Chicago, Illinois. 175 Uth Satwml Safely Convex, 1046 204 ways and means have been provider!. A It it conceded freely hy the Committer on Revision and your E xecutive Committee that the draft of the Revisions as pre tented in the report is not perfect, nor Hoes it appear that any group could produce a perfect document for all time. Neverthe- ( ominittee has been appointed to con sider suggestions already presented; this Committee will continue to function under the new administration. ft was voted to adopt the Revisions as presented in the August, 1946, issue of leas, as now drawn, these Articles of Gov ernment do provide for raising the stand ard* of membership, and they also provide "F.Mngri.neWeri.ngGf.orPoSwaefer,ty."Representative of Chevrolet Division, General Motors Cor nece*ary implements for the better func tioning of chapters, and for the general improvement of relationships throughout poration, Jacksonville, Florida, presented an inspirational address on "Selling Safety En gineering." Mr. Power interspersed his ad dress with numerous illuminated drops. theIfSofcuiertthy.er amendment is required, the Automotive and Machine Shop Section Executive Committee 1948-1947 Genera/ Chairman--J. W. Youni;, international Harvester Co., Chicago, III. Vice-Chairmen-- I. E. Moorf, Corporate Service, Inc , Detroit, Mich. I.. II. Loomis, I'isher Bodv, TcrnMcdt Div., General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Secretary V'. H. Ii.t.to, Aluminum Company of America, New Kensington, Pa. Sews Letter Committee P F. Hunufh, Frigidairc Div., General Motors Corp , Dayton, Ohio. V. H. Humphreys, American Car and Foundry Co, New York. N. Y. ; Louis A. Gai-ANTUcci, General Electric Company, Bloomfield, N. J. .Bagineering Committee- 3 D. T, MotJi.U, General Motors ( orp , Detroit, Midi jp,' F. R. Df.drick, The Milliard Co., Bridgeport, t <um jp F. W. FiSKR, The Micwri -'Til f licnrr Corp, t'otlland, N Y jflSW/fc Committee-A. L. Brooks, M.D, Fisher Body Div., Geneiat Motors Cuip, Detroit, Midi C F. Knurl, M.D., Wcstinghouse Electric Corp, l.aM Pittsburgh, l'a Frank A. Patty, General Motors Corp., Detroit, Midi *kershif> Committed- I). L. McCully, Westingliouse >\ir Brake Co., W'ilmevding, Pa. FtCO G. Yf.LTON, Delco-Remv Div., fiencral Motors Corp., Anderson. Ind Arthur K. Kwino, I .at robe Electric Steel Co , Latrohe, Pa. i Committee-- j,CA. DrMonc.r, Kelsey-1 laves Wheel Co., Detroit, Midi. tUL J. Biack, Westingliouse Klectric ("orp , Eima, Ohio Harvky, The Murrav Corporation of America. Dclioit, Midi ^Ol Enochs. Chevrolet Flint Du of General Motors, t <>rp , hlmt. Midi 205 206 34th National Safety Congress, 1946 I'ubtii ity Lomnuttec C. B. Cornf.i.i., < hryslrr Corp., Detroit, Midi Gerald C. Squifr, Bulldog Electric Proc., Detroit, Mich. Edward G. Hot t/.man, Wagner Electric Corp., St. Louis, Mo. Statistical Committer Geo. F. NuERNBFRr.FR, A. B. Dick Co., Chicago, III. M. F. Biahcardi, Allis-Chalrners Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. H. J. Jennings, (General Electric Co., West Lynn, Mass. Off-the-Job Committer-- O. C. ftou.FAii, IvC A Vidor Div., Radio Corporation of America, Camden, N. J. W. K. Brown, Im , The City Auto Stamping Co., Toledo, Ohio. Poster Committee -- Mark A. Kroger, Wikon Foundry & Machine Co., Pontiac, Mich. I>oylk Davis, Mueller Co., Decatur, 111. B. O. Gibbs, The Emerson Electric Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Ma Mem bertf -at - l^rge-- O. F. Lehman, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich. 1945-1946. *W. A. Rechill, Dodge-Chicago Plant, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich. 1938-1939. *1. C. Rowfr, Westinghousc Electric 8r Mfg. Co., F.ast Pittsburgh, Pa. 1939-1940. M, A. Clark, Labor Relations Institute, Detroit, Mich. 1936-1937, *H. B. IMjfkus, Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa. 1913-1944. Hoyt L. hralheh, Detroit Steel Products Co., Detroit, Mich. 1930-1931. *G A. Kufoifn mf.istfr, Dominion Forge & Stamping Co., Walkerville, Ont., Cana<ht 1925-1926. #M L McCarthy, Fisher Body Detroit Div., General Motors Corp., Detroit, MkV 1W-19M. ? Robert A. Shsny. Detroit Diesel Engine Div., General Motors Corp., Detroit, Mr^ 1920-1921. ' I.t. Comdr. Paul S. Streckf.R, USNR, Boston Navy Yard, Boston, Mass. 1941-lT.^ *R. F. Thalnfr, Buick Motor Div., General Motors Corp., Flint, Mich. 1924-1? V. I. Trotter, Curtiss-Wrigbt Corp., Buffalo, N, Y. 1940-1941. C. E. Wool ii vf.r, A. O. Smith Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. 1942-1943. ' Staff Representative---B. A. Grainger, National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, III. Piit General Chiirman ^ VC :\)itoynnhVF mul ,(/</. fiiur Shop Sn turn MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 7, 1946 ... 207 Safe Utilization of Manpower--Job Analysis Wage and Salary AdminisBtraytoGr,. CHa. mMdeEnTPZlant, RCA-Victor Division Two important aspects of industrial man agement today are job analysis and safety engineering. Our experience in the Camden Plant has been that these two functions can so oj>eTatr that they are complementary to each other. held to which were invited the officers of our hourly union and the shop stewards. These meetings were designed to elicit the cooperation of the lower levels of man The safety section can provide guidance Hid assistance in developing the techniques of j|> analysis and particularly in ajrplying the findings of job analysis to the specific safety problems encountered in the plant, g Job analysis on the other hand provides an K important source of information for the fcttfety function and in effect becomes an agement and through them and the union leaders to insure the assistance of the rank and file employees without whose help the program could not succeed. Beginning in February, 1944, the sys tematic analysis of jobs was begun and was completed in June, 1945. By virtue of these analyses and subsequent analyses extension of the safety section in one phase made as required we now have on file a I its operations. detailed record of every Camden Plant oc K The Camden Plant job analysis program cupation winch is invaluable not only for Krm initiated in September, 1943. Top man- current use but also as historical material. IHemeTU had determined the necessity for Kttch a program and had given it solid hack1*1. which insured cooperation of the inKtenaediate ami lower levels of supervision SkTV first eight months were devoted to In developing our job analysis schedule, based primanl; mi work previously done by the U S b.mplosment Service, we decided to gather four t\prs of information. The first type is identification information The first dbamary ground work and research to Midi a manual and a procedure of job and to develop suitable job analysis forms. A series of pilot studies ** conducted to test the material thus Mftaped and changes made dictated by the Ik of the operating departments. portion of 11io toh analysis schedule identi fies the job, Us physical and organizational location, the code or serial number assigned to the occupation and the names of the job analyst and the foreman who are re sponsible for the content of the schedule. A brief summary of the job is usually kltfecocmopnlceltuesijoonboafntahlyissisprsetlaimffinwaarsy pree included in this part of the schedule also for ready identification of the major details. It consists of four job analysts Employment information is the second \jtm chief job analyst who were sched- part. One of the more important uses to 1% analyze all the Camden plant jobs which job analysis information can be put f two-year period. When all was in is the selection and placement of personnel. P**k a series of supervisor;' confer- The use of this information in working held in which the purpose and V|(m* of the program were described jp M the benefits which supervision with physically handicapped applicants is a specialized application of this section of the job analysis schedule. IM^io from the program in Ihe form The third part and main bods' of the MM*Kx in.solving some of their more information gatherer) describes tfie work problems Similar sessions were that is done. In this section a detailed de- 'WipUmi <>( the vhmoijc task* of the job 14th .Xalimwl Sajrly Cotif'rrss, 1946 i2H production and in Mime rases, it is rather licity fields to get our subject across to those whom we wish to participate in the dithcnll to impress them w itli the far t they are not going 1 grt ottl production, elh- safely effort. tientlv an<l economically, at least, without I do not mean to propose that we make getting it ottt safely. Anri then there is the worker* I >id you ever go arounrl a shop ami try to get just one employee to arlnnt that perhaps he will l>e in the hospital at the end of the day as the result of an accident clue to a cause attributable to himself? If you haven't, try it sometimes and you will really have your eye* opened. Most workers feel that acci dents will happen--Ixii not to him. It is always "the other guy" who is going to get hurt and yet, look at the accident statistics--mounting steadily day by day. month by month and year by year. a "Harnum and Bailey" sort of a thing out of safety, forgetting (lie old funda mentals and the actual engineering phases of the business. Hut I do say we must reach the three units of our safety struc ture in such a manner that they will take readily to our teachings. I'm of the school that believes "any means to reach an end," so long as that end is the reduction and elimination, if possible, of accidents, Some times such an attitude can get us in trouble --like that time I plastered a large, grue some picture of four severed fingers over the front page of our plant safety paper. Hut. do you know', we didn't have a single Why is this apathy displayed by the lost time accident for three months after salient groups which go to make up a sue cuess.ful'. safe* ty organ..izatu' i3i? iI.t is because thJft picture appeared? Kor a long time there was considerable talk about safety in safety is a necessary and dry evil. that plant. iSafety is like anything else. To be suc 1 do not advocate such a thing as a steady cessfully sold, it must l>c advertised. I am diet, hut it serves to illustrate the point. not going! into the ways and means of accomplishing this selling job, I merely point out the necessity of it. Safety must Perhaps this talk has not given you too much for digestion on the subject "Use of the Safety Organization." I do hope, he glamorized and dramatized. We know that most of our work in safety must deal with the human mind that at least 85 per cent of all accidents involve the human ele ment. It is, therefore, only logical that we must go to the advertising and pub lhowever, that it lias stimulated a little thought and if it serves no other purpose than to get you to go hack to your plant M and get something under way for safety* sake, then I fed my job lias been well done. Cement and Quarry Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 (,rnrrnl Chairman--V. J Bum nojon. New York Trap Hock Corp, Newburgh, N. Y. Fire-f hmrman--f. R. Hovn, National Crushed Stone Assn , Inc., Washington, IV C. .WrWarv--RoM a M. Tvwen, National Lime Assn., Washington, )X C. News Letter F.ditor-- L. 1). Cowuno, Louisville ( Vtiicni Cmp., Inc., Speed, Ind. Engineering Committer ('hmrman I'hkmkkm k B. Hunt, IVwcv Portland Cement Co., Davenport, la. Membership Committee ( /utinnon Lfa I*. Warnh<, Ik, Warner Co., Philadelphia, I'a. Program Committee Chairman W'm im | S<ammi, Missouri I'nrtland Cement Co., St. Lotiis, Mi. SU^tC('..... ...................... . ,IWIS' T C S ...... .... M..... . tgton, Visual /Ini ( ommittee ( hairtnan L I Mm's, Mpha Portland < cinnii ( n, hastnci, I'a. Members at IAiryc-- V. I*. A hf.ahn, National Sand & < iravcl Asmi , \\ aslnngton. I) C. H. M. Hk.aTTV, The Kelley Island Lime & Transpot t ( o , ( levelaud, ( Mho. A. I. R. Curtis, Portland Cement Assn, Chicago, 111 R. A. Dpttmar, Universal Allas Cement Co, Chrysler Bldg.. New York, N. Y. 0. M. Craves, The Ccncrai (. rushed Stone Co . Kaston, Pa. Joh. Norvic, Pennsylvania-1 >ixie Cement Corp., Na/arctli, I'a. . M. C, M. Pou.ard, National Cypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y. j* W. M. PowF.i.r., Medusa Portland Cement ( o, Cleveland, Ohio. Genfrai, H. A, Reninofr, Lehigh Portland Cement Co., Allentown, Pa. [ W. E. Winu, Marblehead Lime Co., Chicago, 111. A. L. Worthfn. New Haven Trap Rock Co. New Haven, Conn. * Representative--( (>. C.mtvv, National Safetv Council, Inc, Chicago, III. 22 9 Chemical Section Executive Committee 1948-1947 General Chairman If. I*'. Gilbert. American Cyanamid C<>, New York, N. Y. Ft(c-Cltmrman in Charge of Program--Allen L. Comb, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. Secretary -S. M. MacCdtcheon, how Chemical Co., Midland, Mich. News Letter Committee--)ohn J. Hoffmann (Chairman), Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo. John R. Bom.man, The Proctor Si Gamble Co, Tvorydale, Cincinnati, Ohio. E. F. Kino, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge, Mass, I,. W. Van !>orf.n, Alpha Chi Sigma Fraternity, Turlock. Calif. Wintering Committee-- H. F. Rf.iniiard (Chairman), Linde Air Products Co., New York, N. Y. P. C. Lamb, Lever Brothers Co., Cambridge, Mac* D 0. Mason, General Chemical Co., New York, N. Y. Dr. E. G. Meiter, Employers Mutuals, Milwaukee, \Yi. Sheet and Instruction Card Commxttee Kari. L. Dunn, Corning Glass Works, Corning. N. Y. W. W. Flanagan, Atlas Powder Co., Wilmington, Del M Committee-- S. W. Gurnf.y (Chairman), Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, Mass. P. L. Bef.be, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Dt. Leonard Grf.f.nburg, Div. of Industrial Hvgicne, New York State Dent of Labor. New York, N. Y. D*. H. H. Schrenk, U. S. Bureatt of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. ershif> Committee- C. F. Sfvkens (Chairman), Monsanto ( hrmical Co, Boston, E. L. Root, The Barrett Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp , New York, N Y. r and Visual Aid Committee -R. S. Mackie (Chairman), General FJectric Co., Nela ^rk, Cleveland, Ohio. v Robert H. Albissf.r, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N. I. K.E. L. Engle, Carbide St Carbon Chemicals Corp., So. Charleston, W. Va. ^Thomas H. Lawrence, Jr., Proctor & Gamble Co, Ivorydale, Cincinnati, Ohio. * H. J. Kaul. General Aniline Works, Grasselli, N. .1. SfltYx and ( antes! Committee -M. A. Snfi.l (Chairman), Hartford Accident and Innwity Co., Hartford, Conn, i E l. Rieherer, Wilmington, Del [ji G. R. Cummings, Eli Lily and Co., Indianapolis, Ind. fry Committee-- l *F. W. Dennis, Hooker Electrochemical Co., Niagara halls, N. Y. t`James J. Duggan, Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp, South Charleston, W. Ya. B*R. 0. Kf.fffr, Aluminum Company of America. Pittsburgh. Pa *`H. L. Miner, F. I. du Pont dc Nemours Si Co . Inc ; Wilmington, Del John S. Shaw, Hercules Powder Co, Inf, Wilmington. Del. 5 *It. Col. R. ( . Stratton, The Travelers Insurance Companies, Hartford ilC*rl Chairman 2S9 Coal Mining Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 Gtneral Chairman f`tnrri!u< Crr.AR C. \\tFi nn Thr Hudson Coal Company, Scranton, Pa. | Ceneral Chairman--R, If. Nicholas, Pittsburgh Coal Company, Library, Pa Firjt Vice-Chairman--H. A, Williamson, Consolidation Coal Co. (W Ya), Fairmont, W. Va Second Vice-Chairman--John T. Ryan, Ih.. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pittsburgh, Fa. ISecretory--H. J. Siximan, U S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Fa Representatives-A'in. Waltfr N. Pot akov, United Mine Workers of America. Washington, I) C. E. Richard T. MlAixistfr, United Mine Workers of America, District No 12, Utiquoin. 111. ' Operators' Representatives--John K. Jonf.s, Old Ben Coal Corp, West Frankfort, It; EjC-A* C. Weichf.i., Tlic Hudson Coal Co., Scranton, 1'a i c.u Bwreou of Mines Representatives--). ). Forbfs, U S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, .Ccmtjc W. Ckovf, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Fa. ' Inspectors' Institute of America Represetttatives--C. L. Ciitton. Dormont, Fitts* `,P*. [^was Mosfs, Schcnly Apis., Stli Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa * iMme Inspectors' Representatives-- Thomas Ai.i.fn, State of Colorado, Denver, Colo, > Maizf, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa ij. J. Ruti.rdof, Bureau of Mines, Annapolis, Md. ^Morris, State of Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind. 'Qrt '//// \atni<i! Safety Congrtit, The cause of art nlftiK i- n-.t always physical. Mental attitudes nti-mg from en vironment of family or dome-tie difficulties, worries over financial rprifmfi11'< run! illness, all contribute to our accident rate as do accidents caused hy jihv'irnl condi tion* Accidents occur when woiktnen are emo tionally upset and in a state of nervous tension. Many accident are caused from lack of foresight. A man starts to do his job without considering the elements of risk involved or the method of attacking the particular task. Many accidents can he eliminated if we have the knack of using more foresight along with our hindsight. Someone said that no safety device has ever been invented to take the place of the one just above the ears. To make safety procedure operate successfully, it is nec essary that workmen understand rules or suggestions for safety not only to the ex tent of knowing what is expected of them, but why these rules and suggestions are important I Family strife, finances, sickness and other distracting difficulties are exacting a toll of accidents which is incontrovertible. Man agement can and should interest themselves in such matters to aid the workmen to re lieve the strain, if possible, so he may give his undivided attention to the detailed per formance of his work. Many argue that ill health, rather than carelessness, is responsible for most of our accidents. I cannot join in this belief, but concede that health of any individual is a real factor and any good accomplished by industry or society to raise the standard of health, no doubt, will be beneficial. The re sults of the recently adopted health and welfare fund and its effect on our safety performance will bear watching with keen interest. The gross carelessness of shiftless work ers is one of the real problems from the acridmt standpoint. These are mm who cannot he educated, instructed or warned. This type of worker will soon find it diffi cult to secure employment. Regardless of the characteristic habits of the employee, no one has a right to expect more than a good day's work. No man should be forced to do a day's work which brings fatigue to a point where he is apt to he injured. It is just as sinful to require a man to Ho more than he is capable as it is P> permit him to do less. Common ordinary horse sense, with future planning, will correct the prob lem. Our accident records show that accidents among the non-Fnglish speaking classes are greater than those of the English speaking classes. Management cannot offer the ex cuse that the problem of the non-F.nglish speaking employees cannot be properly at tacked. There is a way to do it and, where iacts reveal accidents on that account, man agement must shoulder the responsibility. We are living in a most competitive age. Profits per unit of production are being re* duced, and the proportion of accident ex pense that the investor bears is forever being increased. Speed is the order of the flay. Timesaving seems to be the factor ` but, in spite of speed in production, travel by water, land or air, the accident records* as a whole, show constant improvement. Discouragement and unhappiness are po tential causes of accidents. The distress an4 unhappiness brought about by the great war was of devastating effect. We have felt itt; effect* hut, even so, we must be on the. alert to keep alive the will to live and \ safely. We know that industry is now < a full speed schedule so we must keep with our safety work. The job is big, let's prove we are equal to it. If we furnish leadership, I am sure you will that the men in the mines are 100 per behind vnu. Construction Section Executive Committee 1945-1949 General Chairman--]j.ow A. Blanchard, Safety Division, Corps of Engineer*, Wash ington, D. C. FtVr-C7mVni<m -- Frank Crandh.l, Lilverlv Mutual Insurance Co, Huston, Mas* Secretary--Harry J. Kirk, Associated General Contractors of America, Washington. D. C Neivs Letter C.ditor- -*Eix.ar N. Liori>*ri n-. Consulting Safety Engineer, San Francisco, Calif. Program Committee Chairman-Otto S. Hut MSKrx., Lmphncrs Mutual Liability Ins. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Engineering Committee Chairman---Jo^fph A. DlLica, Construction Div., F.. !. du Font de Nemours ft Co., Wilmington, Del. Membership Committee ChairmanRay L RF.tc.F.nn h. New Haven Trap Rock Co , New Haven, Conn. Publicity Committee Chairman--*Gfrarh O. Griffin, Dtavo Corj*., Neville Island, Pitts burgh, Pa, Members-at Ixsryc- Lee Adams, Sarra, Inc., Chicago, III. C. H. Black, Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. Boston, Mass E, A. Bi.anpied, Kansas City Fridge Co., Kansas Cit>, Mo C. M. Cahill, Massman Construction Co., Kansas t it>. Mo Lee Dfardorf, W. L. Johnson ft Son* CTo , HickviUe, tMfio Floyd Frazif.r, National Surety Corporation, New York City, N. Y Virgil K. Ghnlock, City of Chicago, Chicago, 111 I>. T. Harkridlk, Texas Highway Dept., Austin, Te\a* *W. A. Hazard, Bethlehem, Pa, Richard Koss, Koss Construction Co., Des Moines, la. 4 Roy A. MacGregor, Constructors Assn, of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Pa H. W. Richardson, Construction Methods, New York, N. Y Harold E Snf.fd, DeWalt Products Co., Lancaster, Pa. Theodore IL Width, The M. W. Kellogg Co , Whiting, Iml Bering Societies and National Association Representatives American Association of State Highxuay Officials / 0. F. Goetz, Tennesse Dept, of Highways ft Public Work*, Nashville. Tenn American Institute of Architects Samuel R. Bishop, New York, N. Y. ..Awican Society of Civil Engineers Alfred T, Gi.assett, W. L Harney C orp . New York. N Y. Representative--Robert L. Moore, National SatYt> Council, Inc, Chicago, 111 297 ^wl Ouirman Employee Publications Section l s i | Executive Committee 1946-1947 | General ( hairman--C. Dei, Pendek'-rast, Public Service Co. of Northern III., Chicago, III. ) Vicc-( hairtnan for the East- -John A. Jones Wrirron Steel Co, Weirton, W. Va I | Vict-Chatrnum for the Midwest A inRi*>N J. Bvchanan, Cincinnati & Suburban Bell Tele phone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. I Viee-Cluiirtnan for the H'Vrf -Tames T Van Kenssmmk, Snnibrrn California Has Co, Los Angeles Calif. Secretary and Nnvs E'tter Editor Cahman I III. National Safety Council, Inc Chicago, Fast Chairmen i Hehrfvt 1' Hut, National CaTt Kegn-ter Co, Dauon. I'lnn ; Paoi Ackerman, Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing < o , ( lncag<>. Ill 318 Ml, Xaliimiil Snjrty Congress, 1V16 WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY AFTERNOON SESSIONS Octol>er 9 and 10, 1946 I'residmg: General Chairman Herbert F. Heil, Editor, Factory New*. The National Cash Register Co. Summary oj Proceedings The sessions of the Employee Publica tion Section opened with a joint luncheon sponsored by the Industiial Editors Asso Class II--Newspapers The Chatham Blanketecr, Chatham Man ufacturing Co., Elkin, N. C. ciation of Chicago. Westbrook Van Vor- Contact -- Canadian Industries Limited, hees, of the "March of 'rime," was the Montreal, Que. speaker. The Bendixline--Bendix Products Div., Transactions of the Employee Publica Bendix Aviation Corp., South Betid, tions Section are being published separately in the November-December News-Letter of the Section. Ind. Wierton Steel Employees Bulletin, Weir- ton Steel Co., Weirton, W. Va. The Contest The Kearnygram--Western Electric Co., Certificates of Merit were awarded to 15 employee publications which had done out standing work in presenting safety mate rial. All certificates arc of equal rank. Class /--Magazines The Seebuife Voice-- J. P. Seeburg Co., Chicago. I The Carbuilder--Pullman Standard Car Manufacturing Co , Chicago. Midvale Safety Bulletin--The Midvale Co., Philadelphia. Studebaker Spotlight -- The Studebaker Corp., South Bend, Ind. Petty News--Petty Geophysical Co., San Antonio, Tex. Kearney, N. J. Class III--Mimeograph, Misc. Carborundum Safety News -- Carborun dum Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. T. L. L. Safety -- Trinidad Leaseholds Limited, Pointe - a - Pierre, Trinidad, B. W. I. Safety and Health and The Accident Rec ord--Western Electric Co., Hawthorne Works, Chicago. The Safe Supervisor and Do's and Don't* 1 1. \ Western Electric Co., Kearny, N. J. Your Safety News--U. S. Gypsum Ox, Chicago. Food Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 General Chairman--C. E. Morfrc, Safety Dir., Kraft Foods Co., 500 Feshtigo Court, Chicago 90, Illinois. First Fire-Chairman--Gf.okce H. Stef.l, Safety Dir., Ralston-Purina Co., 835 S. 8th St., St. Louis 2, Mo. Second Vice-Chairman--Hima) A. Kikmm. Dir. of Safety Education, Industrial Commis sion of Wisconsin, State Office Bldg, Madison, Wis. Secretary--Emerson Brandt, Nickerson & Collins Co., 435 N. Waller St., Chicago, III. News Letter Editor--Donald (. Hansen, International Milling Co., Minneapolis 1, Minn. Program Committee Chairman--E. G. Quesnel, The Borden Company, 350 Madison Ave., New York 17, N. Y. Trade Association Committee Chairman -- Paul L. Schuler, Dir., First Aid & Safety, Theo. Hamn Brewing Co., 720 Payne Ave, St. Paul 1, Minn. Publicity Committee Chairman--*Carl Clements, Dir of Safety, National Dairy Products Corp., 230 Park Ave., New York 17. N. Y Health Committee Chairman--Dr. Paul W. Rush, Corn Products Refining Co, Argo, III. Visual Education Chairman (Posters and Films)--George Barry, I)ir, Industrial Rcla, tions, The Borden Co., 3638 N. Broadway, Chicago, 111. Engineering Committee Chairman--F. G. Hutzi.ey, Safety Eng. Campbell Soup Co, 100 Market St., Camden, N. J. Shlisties Committee--W. F. Leonard, Jr., Southland Ice Co., Dallas, Texas. Perm-Industrial Service Committee Chairman--Walter H. Lloyd, Editor, Kraft Foods Co., 500 Peshtigo Court, Chicago, III. I Groin Handling & Processing Division--H. J. Aldrich (Chairman), Sec , Spencer Kellogg | 4 Sons, Inc., 98 Delaware Ave., Buffalo 5, N. Y. fc Ralph M. Hartmann ('Vice-Chairman), Quaker Oats Co., P. O. Box 791 Cedar T Rapids, Iowa. Gordon Morrison (Secretary), Kellogg Company, Battle Creek, Mich. ^Refrigeration Division- W. F. Leonard, Jr., (Chairman), Southland Ice Co. Dallas, rag..Martin Cernetisch (Vice-Chairman) Safety Dir., John Morell & Co., Ottumwa, Bp Iowa. By, Sioan Childers (Secretary), Safety F.ng., Southwest Ice & Diary Co., 2807 hirst ||y National Bldg., Oklahoma City, Okla. Industrial Nursing Secion Executive Committee 1946-1947 General tluiirmeut--Hazel II. Lfehke, K.N., fliilmany Pulp & Paper Company Kaukauna, Wisconsin. Vtce-Chairmcut & Membership Chairman--Esther Ramsey, R N., Sinclair Oil Refining Co., East Chicago, Ind. Vfittf Letter F.ditor--Joan Ziano, R.N., Industrial Nursing Consultant, Illinois Depart ment of Health, 1800 Filmore Street, Chicago, Illinois. Publicity Chairman--Rispah Porter, R.N., Chain Belt Company, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Program ( hairman--Ethel Buhi.eson, R.N., Sears Roebuck Company, Chicago, Illinois. Nominating ( hairman--Miss I.ucii i f. Harmon, R N.t Detroit V.N.ADetroit, Michigan. Visual l-.dueation & Liaison Officer to li'omen's Pit'--Hfidf. Hendriksen, R N. Minne sota Department of Health, University Campus, Minneapolis, Minn. Members oi Committees Nat's l etter Fdttor -Joan Ziano, R N. Mahoakm Lacey, R.N, Associate Newsletter F.ditor, Chicago Tiilmne, ( Imago, 111. At ice Palmer, R.N., Trans World An Lines, New Yuk Lily. Publicity-- Rispah Porter, R.N , Chairman. Elizabeth Andrews, Air Reduction Co., New York, N. Y. Virginia Prann, National Folding Box Co., New Haven, Conn. Catherine Dempsey, Simplex Wire & Cable Co, Cambridge, Conn. Program Ethel Burleson, Chairman. Mrs. Margaret Sullivan, Continental Casualty Company, 443 Wrightwood Ave., Chicago, Illinois. Gladys Jahnkf, R.N., Industrial Advisory Nurse, State Health Dept., Seattle, Wash. dominating-- Miss Lucillf. Harmon, R.N , Chairman. Mrs. Catherine Gage, R.N , Larsen f anning Company, Green Bay, Wisconsin. Mrs. Ai.ta Whitley, R.N., Allis Chalmers C ompany, Springfield Works, Springfteld, Illinois. rww/ /:dM(-<Uio>i--HEiDE Henriksen, R.N., Chairman, Dept, of Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. & Staff Representative - Jane S. Weir, K N , National Safety Council. 343 170 I llli Xatinnnl Snjrlv Crngrr^, IMfi have no medical setup there, hut we Mo. I said they should call the Henry Street nurse, and they will do that Hr said they can't do that because the union would get mad. If we spent two hours there in the day shift, the twilight shift and the midnight shift would want two hours, too. What's the answer to that? MISS HARMON: That's a real prob lem. We are constantly being faced with it. It goes back to management's fear that what is given to one group of workers, if it is not given to all groups, will cause moie disruption in labor relations. We have gone on the premise that when ever possible, and when the individual nurse is willing to work at odd hours, we will supply as much nursing service on the other shifts as we do on the daytime shift. That is only possible when your nurse is witling to do it We have had nurses go out at live o'clock in the morning, for instance. Right now we have one who works from six thirty in the morning until eight, although our regular working hours are from eight thirty until five. We have one nurse who has gone out at eleven o'clock in the evening to cover the change of shifts. I don't think that is a solution for the problem at all. It is merely an attempt on our part to give as much service for each group of workers as the group during the day is getting. But I am afraid that it will trecorne increasingly difficult for us to do that, as time goes on, and certainly, where you have only a small group of work ers on any one shift, it isn't possible to employ a full-time nurse for each shift. The solution to the problem depends upon how willing your nurse is to sacrifice her work ing hours, and probably very few of them would be Marine Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 General Chairmen--Carter Kendall, Bethlehem Steel Company, Inc., Bethlehem, Penn. V\ct General Chairman (Executive Committee Activities in Nnv York)--Willard F. Jones, Gulf Oil Corporation, New York, N. Y. Advisory Committee (Past General Chairmen)-- . W. C. Garbutt, Pittsburgh Steamship Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Carl E. Holmes, Marsh ant! McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y. Captain Edward C. Holden, Jr., United States P. & I. Agency, Inc., New York. N. Y. Captain E. W. Fiske, Jr., Marine Transportation Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Com pany, Inc., New York, N. Y. John S. Hunter, The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Captain Frank H. Cogan, The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western R. R. Co., Hoboken, N. J. Arthur M. Tode, Consulting Engineer, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Programs, Meetings and Conventions)-- H. M. Wick, Ameri can Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Membership)--E. P. Herc.es, U. S. Employees' Compensation Commission, Washington, D. C. Assistant General Chairman (Ship Construction and Repair) -John W. Thomson, Ship building Division, Bethlehem Steel Company, San Francisco, Calif Assistant General Chairman (Marine Industrial Relati(ms)--T. E. Hue h an an, Marine Department, The Texas Company, New York, N. V. Assistant General Chairman (Public Relations)--Cornf.iius H. Callaghan, Maritime Association of the Port of New York, New York, N. V Assistant General Chairman (Posters)--Harold J. Sfgrave, Mine Safety Appliances Company, New York, N. Y. Secretary (Admiralty and Maritime Counsellor) -Henry C. Kidfnrach, Hagen ami Eidenbach, New York, N. Y. Editor, Marine News Letter--Captain Henry Bi.ackstone, United States P. & I. Agency, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Assistant Editor, Marine News Letter -E. F. Lange, Bethlehem Alameda Shipyard, Ala meda, Calif. Regional Activities and Committees Chairman, Coastal Regions-- A dm irai. J. F. Parley, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Assistant Chairman, Coastal Regions Captain G. M. I'mannfmii i tr, United Slates Coast Guard, New York, N. V. Director Atlantic Region---Tiifodokf Ckiskr, Federal Shipbuilding and Dry-dock Company, Kearny, N. J. Assistant Director, Atlantic Region--Herman J. Nordstrom Nrwrmrt New Slwpb*Lading and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Va. Director, Gulf Region -Joseph F. Zucca, Consolidated Steel Corporation, Orange, Texas. Assistant Director, Gulf Region Ernest Richard, Mississippi Shipping Company, New Orleans, La. 371 \7?. H/h \ <iftot/'il Safr/v ( ttngrrw, IQ-M Dire,tor, Pa,\fn /;'#(/!.>n l<> mi 1! 'Irwikv, Water fumt |-inplo\riAtonal ion, San brannsco, ( alit Assistant Dire,tor. P>i<tfi, AV*/nur S 1'. Smiiii, < 'oii'-olidatcd Steel ('orporation, J .t*1 . Lo*. Angeles, t ahl Director, (,reai Inks* Region f ,* * im . M ari insmn, Pickands Mather am I ( oiiipaiiy, ( Ie\cland. Ohm lUrritor, (anadum Region lon\ W M<Giihn, < anada Steamship Lines, Ltd, Montreal. I' (J , Canada Director, ()hu> River Regnor i. O Chitiin, Dtavo Corporation, Neville Inland. Pitts burgh. Pa ^itislant Director. Ohio Durr Dctjton I. I*,. I airman, McGrady Rodgers Company. **ittiVurpjh. Pa. Director--All Inhnul tVatcrua\\ I.ovn A. Blanchard, Office of the Chief nf Engineers Washington, D. C. Special Service Committees C hurman, CofHtmltre for the Advance of the Americtm Merchant Marine I I.i wis L?'< KFNRACH, American Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. Chairman, Committee tot Operatiimx of Liners anti Canto Vessels ('aiiain I.moan Crfsap, Isthmian Steamship Company, New York, N. V'. Cluiirmim, Stevetiomu/ (ommittee A NDRF w A. Nm.son, T. Hogan am! SonT, Inc.. New York. N. Y. Chatmtan, Statistics and ( ontests Committee Bf.niamjn H. Si i f, The Traveler*; Insur ance Company. New York. N, Y. Cfujirm/i*, Duhlirity and Dublications Omimdhv--H. [. Hardino, Marine Progress, New York. N Y.j Vice Chairman, Puldicity <md Publications Committee H. C Brandon, Todd Pacific Shipyards, Inc., Tacoma Div, Tacoma, Wash. C/wurm<i#i, Engineering ,md Minimum Standards Committee--A. J. Smith, Marine Office of America, New York. N. Y. Chairman, Tankers Committee fAMT.S, E. Moss, American Petroleum Instittite, Wash ington, D. C. Chairman, V. S. Navy Yards Safety Committee K B. Landry, Safety Branch, OTR, Navy Dept., Washington, I >. C. Chairman, Maritime Associations Committee- -Frank C. (recor v, Waterfront Employer*' Association of San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif. Special Maritime Advisor II. L. Seward, Yale University, School of Engineering, New Haven, Conn. Special Government Committees for Safety in National Defense, Shipbuilding, Inspections, and Personnel Training Chairmon, Nmml Committee for Safety in National Defense--CArr F,, F,, Saundem (CEC), USNR, Office of Industrial Relations, Navy, Dept , Washington, D. ( . Chairman, Neiv Ship Design and Construction Committee--Vick Admiral F. L. Coch ran*; USN, Material Section. Navy Department. Washington, I). C Chairmon, Technical Committee (Design and Accident Prevention Measures)-- }ame* LBates, U. S Maritime Commission, Washington, !). C. Chairman, Ship Inspection C ommittee and V. S. Corentwent Rttreaus Commodore H. C. Shfphrard, USCCiR, United States Coast (iuard, Washington, I). C. Chairman, Committee cm Education mid Traming of Ship Personnel-Rfar Admiral,,: Telfair Knilht. USMS, War Shipping Administration, Training Organization, Wash ington, 0. C. Staff Representative--B. A Grain*.f.r. National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago, III Chairman, Committee on Transportation Safety Major General F.dmond J. LEAttti, U S. Army, Washington. D. C. U(trine Section JUESD.W AFTERNOON SESSION October S, I94rt Ship Construction and Repair Presiding: II. Gkrrisii Smith, Pres., Shiphuihlcrs Council nf America M Report of General Chairman By W. C. GARBUTT General Chairman, Marine Section, and Mgr., Industrial Relations, Pittsburgh Steamship Co. Two years ago when we last met, I ex pressed the fear that the Marine Industry might expect rising frequency and severity accident rates because of the new' and un usual conditions to which hoth construction and transportation were being subjected. There, was a war to he won and I He order of the day was "speed" ami "Haste makes waste." Ships ami more ships were to he built. In many instances workers were hastily trained and equipped. The vessels were eventually loaded hv other inexperi enced workers and manned by green crews. the West Coast when Past-Chairman Byror Pickard passed on. "Pick" was one of those fellows to whom yon take an instant liking and never changed your opinion. You could work with him or play with him. He was always your friend, ready with help and advice at all times. His experience was extensive, but be never suggested superi ority. His manlle has fallen upon Joe Travers whom we welcome into our circle and wish for him the success that was "Pick's." That accidents and injuries were more Our activities on the West Coast are numerous is not surprising, hut we are still being carried on by Andy Schmitz, gradually returning to normal ami the les sons we have learned will undoubtedly re flect themselves in future statistics. There I'rank Blackstone, Ed. Lange and others. To them, our sincere thanks for their con tinued cooperation. is even now reason for congratulation and The Gulf Coast operations are being ably commendation to the marine safety engineer handled by Slim Schroder anti his helpers that hoth frequency and severity rates Many of them were not able to devote much through the war years were in line with . the decreasing trend begun in 19.16, Our tfforts are pledged to bring our safety record to comparison with that of less haz time to the Section affairs because of their war duties, hut as they return to normal occupations, we can expect increased ac tivity in the South. ardous industries, The return of our ex perienced men to teach and direct those who will follow them makes for assurance that this will be done. Those of us who, of necessity, remained , Vhind have endeavored to carry on the work of the Marine Section, despite trans portation and hotel accommodation prob lems. Most of our contacts were through correspondence, although those residing in Ae New York area met several times and H them is the deserved credit for this rxfriknt meeting. Special thanks of the en- The East Coast has always been the hub of the Marino Section. The nuqif>cr of members in the New York area permits closer personal contact. The thanks of your retiring Chairman is especially due to John Hunter. Frank Cogan, Ed Merges, Harold Segrave and Harold Wick, who have never hern too busy with their persona! affairs to prevent tfiem lending assistance and counsel to Carl Holmes. Your new Chair man will find that the return of Ed. Holden will add further energy to the New York group Section should go to Past Chairman --1 Holmes whose unstinted service and wholehearted cooperation has largely con- nied to the success of our program, he Council suffered a serious los* on We are also indebted to Arthur lode, who has generously included the Marine Section in the activities of the Pmpollor Cluli. Our thanks are also due to the Regional Metals Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 General Chairman--Jacob L. Rwinger, Inland Steel Co, East Chicago, Ind. I'irst Vice Chairman--Frank W. Kflsey, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp, Pittsburgh, Pa. Second Vice-Chairman--J. I*. Cor r ins, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., Youngstown, Ohio. Secretary--H. H. McCorkle, Republic Steel Corporation, Warren, Ohio. News Letter Editor--P. C. Kauffman, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Engineering Committee--J. J. Boughey (Chairman), Carncgie-Illinois Steel Corp., Chicago, J. M. Helme, Inland Steel Co., East Chicago, Ind. Milo W. Gray, Weirton Steel Co., Weirton, W: Va I. W. Young, International Harvester Co , Chicago, 111 J. I*. Gatherum, Great Lakes Steel Co., Ecorse, Mich Program Committee--Dan Farrfm. (Chairman), Carncgie-Illinois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. T. P. Leonard, Blaw-Knox Co , Pittsburgh, Pa. G. O. Griffin, Dravo Corp., Neville Island, Pittsburgh, I'a. V. T. Eckert, Republic Steel Corp., C hicago. 111. C. E. Waddell, Acme Steel Co. Kivenlale, III. Edward G Johnstone, Vanadium Corp of America, Niagara Calls. N Y. Contest Commtttee~VAU\. E. Ghunpman (Chairman), Rustless Iron and Baltimore 13, Md. T. F. Brady, International Nickel Co, Huntington, W. Ya J. M. Brooks, Miehle Printing Press & Manufacturing Co., Chicago, III. R. E. Bumgardnek, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R Co , Birmingham, Ala. James A. Downey, Jr., Sloss-Sheffield Steel & Iron, Birmingham, Ala. Steel Corp, Poster Committee--James Nolan (Chairman), Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. A. H. Zeh.inger, Colorado Fuel and Iron Corp., Pueblo, Colorado. Geo J. Eiof.nrrod, Republic Steel Corp., Buffalo, N. Y. . VV. W. MacVicker, Bethlehem Steel Co , Sparrows Point, Md : Vernon C. King, Wickwire Spencer Steel Co., Clinton, Mass. Railway Car Builders Committee -P. J. Brand (Chairman), Pullman-Standard Car Mfg. | Co, Pullman, Chicago, III. r Health Committee -- Dr. Will F. Lyon (Chairman), International Harvester Co , Chicago, L III. L- Dk. R. J. Bf.nnf.tt, Carnegie-Steel Corp., Chicago, III. K Hr. E. II. C ari.fton, Inland Steel Co., Blast Chicago, Ind. & Dr. J. H Chivkrs, Crane Co., Chicago, III. 429 430 t 1th Xntiotwl Snjrtv Confirm, 194ft Membership Committee Hdwavo Homand (Chairman), Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. Hast Chicago, lid. H. L Rebbassiex, Wheeling Steel Corp., Wheeling, W. Va. ' H. W. Reed, Jr., American Welding & Mfg. Co., Warren, Ohio A. E. Asia., Sheffield Steel Corp , Kansas City, Mo. S T. Smith, Consolidated Steel Corp., Ltd., Los Angeles, CaliL Visual Education Committee - Cn ari.es L. Wagner (Chairman), Carnegie-Illinois, Duquesne, Pa. E. J. W allman, Chicago District, American Brake Shoe Co., Chicago, III. H. G, Hensel, Youngstown Sheet Ik Tube Co., Chicago, III. J. R. Cor, Fairbanks Morse Ik Co., Beloit, Wis. J. P. Mudd, The Midvale Company, Nicetown, Philadelphia, Pa. Foundry Committer--H, S. Simpson (Chairman), Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, III. L. S. Adam, Continental Foundry & Machine Co., East Chicago, Ind. J. J. Martin, Campbell, Wyant & Cannon Foundry Co., Muskegon, Mich. Irvin A. Brinkman, Mackintosh-Hemphill Co., Pittsburgh, Pa John Dissington, Buffalo Forge Co., Buffalo, N. Y. Statistics Committee--T. R, Smith (Chairman), Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio. , J. N. K^ahan, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind. A. B. Ciesar, Pittsburg District, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. E. E Greene, Timken Roller Bearing Co., Canton, Ohio. M. J. Naughten, Kaiser Co., Inc., Fontana, Calif. Members-at- Large-- C. M. Allen, American Rolling Mills Co., Middletown, Ohio. E. F. Blank, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Grovkr Brown, American Steel & Iron Institute, New York, N. Y. R. A. Chaffin, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind. J. E. Culliney, Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa. *H. W. Darr, Bethlehem Steel Corp., Johnstown, Pa. 1 *John P. Era, American Steel & Wire Co., Chicago, 111. R. H. Ferguson, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. George T. Fonda, Weirton Steel Co., Weirton, W. Va. Earl Fyler, Carnegie-IUinots Steel Corp., Chicago, III. H. J. Griffith, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. F. A. Lauoman, Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corp., San Diego, Calif. J. A. Northwood, Bethlehem Steel Co., Sparrows Point, Md. J. A. Oartel, Pittsburgh, Pa. J. P. O'Rourk, Bethlehem Steel Co., Sparrows Point, Md. Robert L. Schmitt, Louisville, Ky. H. J. Spoerer, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., East Chicago, Ind. J. A. Voss, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio. Mill E. Trammell, Birmingham, Ala. Put Gtfwttl Chiinnen Mr fills Section MONDAY AiTKRN<X>\ SESSION October 7, 194ft f'> esidnn/: Law. If. Tviik, SuptIndustrial Relations, ( aincgir-1llmnis Steel < orp The Safety Problems of a Small Plan! By CHARLES S. CRAIGMILE Executive Vice President, Belden Manufacturing Company What has the size of the plant to do with the handling of safety? Usually it is just this--in a large plant you find more full time positions and fewer "jack of all trades" jobs so characteristic of the small plant. You will probably find a full time safety director in the large plant, with a department of considerable size under him. In the small plant safety may he directed by anyone, from the president down, and almost surely will be only one of several responsibilities assigned to him. Right there the difference ends as far as 1 am concerned, and 1 believe that generally we make too much of the dif ference. I hear large-plant safety men say that if they could only have the close con tact with employees which the small plant executive has, their safety problem would be a cinch. Just as vehemently the small plant man says that if only he could have a safety director, a full time doctor, a nurse and a safety staff, of course he could make a fine showing. Experience proves that they can both be wrong. Size is not and never will be a measure of safety efficiency. What is essen tia] is that the spark of safety conscious ness be alive in someone's breast whether he be the president, the vice-president or the janitor, and then the means of trans lating that spark into safety power. operation, and 1 mean by that he must attend plant safety meetings on invitation, watch the plant safety record, and show clearly that he considers it a major re sponsibility and not just a side line of minor consequence. Employees take their cue from management and if top management is in different to safety I hey should not be sur prised if the whole organization follows suit. In the second place, the "brass" should see to it that their company joins the local safety council if there is one, for specific help in carrying on their safety work, and also joins the National Safety Council to assist in tlie broad job of safety education and coordination To keep any movement alive and efficient you must have organized effort. Third, our plant manager slimdd Rise some of Ins lime n> safety mminl work All such organizations are plagued b\- indi viduals who arr perfectly willing to agree to serve on boards of directors but who actually contribute nothing. Many of these individuals claim tbev are too busy, but I often wonder just what they are so busy doing. Personally, I am afraid in many rases a diary of their activities might indi cate a lack of proper evaluation rather than time. Specifically then, what should fop man- Let us turn now to the job of the safety do about safety? To start with, director, whoever he is, and see if wc can the chief executive officer or the executive point out some of the important steps he designated by him to be responsible for will find necessary to success. safety, should either organize and conduct a carefully integrated safety program, or definitely assign that responsibility to one | af his subordinates, preferably, of course, i Md too far down the line. Whether he fetMigns the function or not, he must keep rdl touch with it and give it his full CO IR' 1. Orgcuiise a Safety Committee. Safety direction is not a one-man job. The safely supervisor needs the support of the whole organization, and one of the ways of get ting it is to appoint a representative safety committee. The members should be rotated and nomination can be used to recognize out- 450 i-fth National Safety Congress, 1946 sensitivity, lint generally there is this maxi mum allowable amount, so you approach the problem in this way: If possible, don't K^t it on the skin at ail, hut if it does get on the skin, get ij off as soon as possible. MODERATOR RIDINGKR : We have time for one more question: "Should a safety engineer remove or have removed a hazard over the objections of a foreman? In either event, how would you do it?" Rob Ferguson. MR. FEKGDSON: I think it would be a mistake for a safety engineer to go into a foreman's department and try to do some thing over his objections. The men in our organization have definite instructions, when they see a hazardous job to just shut down, hut to he sure they are right. The thing to do in a case like that is to get the department head immediately and decide then and there whether it is right or wrong. I don't think anyone should try to usurp the foreman's authority in a given department. Mining Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 General Chairman--C. E. McKnu.ht, Take Shore Mine*, I.muled, Kirkland Take, Ontario, Canada hirst Vice ( hatrnum--John T. BoardmaN, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Rutte, Mont. Second Vice-Chairman--A. II. Tresirail, Pickands Mather Si Co., Caspian, Mich rhird Viced hairman--E. J. Eisenach, Climax Molybdenum Co., Climax, Colorado. Secretary and News Letter Editor- Daniel 11 arm n<-ton, V S. Bureau of Mines, Wash ington, I). C. Entertainment Committee (hairman J. 'I'. Ryan, Jm., Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pitts burgh, I'a. Enginrerinfj ('c.mmittee-- K. J. Eisenach (Chairman), Climax Molybdenum Co. Climax, Colorado. W. C. McKenzie, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Co., Birmingham, Ala H. I. Voiini;, American Zinc. Trad & Smelting ( o , St Tom'-. Mo C. K. Shea, Oliver Mining Co., Hibbing, Minn. }\ T. Hendricks, Pickards Mather Si Co, Hibbing, Minn Raymond R. Knili., Potash Company of America. Carlsbad, N M Ralph Ci.ei.and, International Nickel Co, Copper Cliff, Ontario. Canada Membership Committee--Geori.e R, (orrv (Chairman), PukamK Mather Si Co, limiw'od. Mich. Anmjs 1 >. (amI'DFi.f., McIntyre Porcupine Mines Ltd, Schumacher, Ontario, < anada. P. M. Arthur, American Zinc Company of Tennessee, Mascot, Trim * H. C. Henrie, Phelps Podge Corp., Rishee, Ariz. Program (omnuttee--Danif.i. Harrinoton )(t hairman), D. S lhireau of Mines, Washing ton, D. C. W. A. Tower, Chief Inspector of Mines, Parliament Rmldings, Toronto. Ontario, Canada. F. Netzerrand. Tri-State < >rc Producers Assn , Miami, (>kla miier t onwutiee--A. M. jrfstrail (Chairman), i i<.tvamis iviHiiicr <\ v o. R. K. Harmon, Phelps Dodge Corp., Cornelia Branch. Ajo, Ariz. Thomas Kiser, Federal Mining & Smelting Co., Baxter Springs. Kans. \ W C. Nfii.son, Alcoa Mining Co , New York, N. V. .. M. C. M. Pollard, National Gypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y. V Lamar Weaver, Tennessee Copper (Y>, Coppcrhill. Trim & Ciorc.e t .Etw.E, Hollinger Consolidated < odd Mines, Timmins. ( hitario. Canada 451 452 Uth Xatumal Safety Congress, IVA6 . .S'M/it/k f Ctnrtmitlei' D.C l oin si I Moyer (( burtunn), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington. Safely I'rnmotion t.'omimtiee Iamfs K. Richardson (Chairman), Utah Metal Mines Operators Assn., Salt I ake City, Utah. Wai.tkr K. Monli.omi kv, (Juchcr A-bestos Producers Assn., Montreal, Quebec, ( anada. Members at-l art/r ( M. I'ki.i.maN, The Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wis )'. A. Anonhskn. Pickands Mather & Co., Duluth, Minn. Byron G Best, Oliver Iron Mining Co, Duluth, Minn. J. W. Ait, Calumet iC llcela ( onsolidated Copper Co., Calumet, Mich. *1*. M. Arthur, Ametiean Zinc Co of Tennessee, Mascot, Tenn. Angus D. Camitif.i.l, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ontario, Canada. W. H. Com ins, Baroid Sales Div., National Lead Co., Texarkana, Texas. R. Dawson Mau, "Coal Age," McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. H. T. Harpf.r, Tennessee Copper Co., Copperhill, Tenn. W. I). Hasfi.ton, Pickands Mather Si Co., Duluth, Minn. H. C. Mf.nkif., Phelps Dodge Corp., Risbee, Ariz. George Martinson, Pickands Mather Si Co., Cleveland, Ohio. D. t). Mopfatt, Utah Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. R. Mi Seif, The New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N, J. L. T.'Sicka, St. Joseph Lead Co., Bonne Terre, Mo. John Trewefk, Ilomestake Mining Co., Lead, S. D. Howard I. Young, American Zinc. Lead & Smelting Co., St. Louis, Mo. Staff Representative O (i Griivf, National Safety Gourd', Inc , Chicago, 111. Pill General Chairmen Mining Section MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 7, 1946 J'mttinio ('. M. I'ci.i.m an, Siilety !\uj? , 3 he Montiral MmiiiK ( " 453 Safety Equipment and Methods Used by the Climax Molybdenum Company By EDWIN J. EISENACH Safety Director, Climax Molybdenum Company Throughout thr hDiorv of the ( Innas <>peration, (hr company olliciaK h;t\c dioun an active interest in maintaining high em ployee morale. They have provided modern homes, schools (both grade school and high school), modern hospital faculties, ami recreational facilities. A continuous study of modern methods and equipment is carried on, and installa tions adaptable to the mining anti milling of the molybdenum ore are made. Careful consideration is given to every suggestion for improving conditions of safety and pro duction made by employees A smalt award is given for any suggestion that is need Occasionally a suggestion apprais to Dr* ol little value but leads to a study of the oh jfrtionable condition, and major installations or alterations are made Stationary spot lights suggested for u-c in slusher drifts were first rejected. How ever, later experiments revealed that a properly mounted 200 waft spot light greatk increased the safety and efficiency of shtshcr operations. These lights are mounted so that they may lie easily removed during hea'\ Masting. To illustrate how suggestions may grow, I wish to describe our car-cleaner. Damp muck frequently freezes in the bottoms of the 10-ton Granby cars and will not dump. The cars were side-tracked and a crew of men loosened the muck with picks and ihnvels. This method was slow and some what hazardous, and moils operated by jack hammers were used to loosen the muck, hut this method was not successful. Then paced holes were drilled and loaded with dynamite and the muck blasted. This added hazards to both men and equipment <>tlirr experiments were tried, including: a swing mg steel plate hinged to the top of the side : opposite the door, drag chains, blasting holes in hack of the <ar, and rubber mats n the car bottoms. A device operating on the principle of a steam-shovel was pro posed, and the idea of fingers operated by a compressed air piston with suitable guides was developed. This solved the problem. It is possible to clean and dump a train of 20 cars in approximately four minutes. The method of mining at ClifUax is block caving. Both the grizzly and slusher system are lived in handling the ore. A paper de scribing the details of these two methods was written by Mr. Robert Henderson, the mine superintendent, and is available upon request The du<diing system is safer and more efficient than the grizzly ami chute method I he accident f re<pjem ies are about the s.nne. hut the loss of time for chutes is over twice a*- high Injuries due to falls and blasting are more numerous m the chute m slrm because of thr nerd for working owm an open gtizzlv and Mailing in two pl.i< *s instead of one The ore drawn from either the slusher drifts or chutes is hauled to the crusher bins in If) ton Granby cars A train con sists of 20 cars, drawn hv a 19-ton At Us Trolley Locomotive on a T6 inch gauge track with bO or 9() pound rails. The first six ears are equipped with air brakes. All cars are equipped with automatic couplings and safety chains; the safety chains are a protection in ease the coupling fails or heroine unhooked. All trains approaching and entering the tunnel are controlled by an interlocking switch-hoard installed in the underground dispatcher's shark. Haulage accidents are numerous in most mines and are our second largest problem. Some serious wrecks were caued In two trains trying to occupy the same place at the same time. The out going trains come fiom two sections of the mine 4KZ mil National Safety Congeess, 1946 from the edge of the open sfopr Loading near the sfope i* necessary at times and all loaders wear safety belts. Every pre caution is taker* against a premature blast. Drilling is kept away from loading; electric cables and pipes are maintained at a reason able distance; blasting lines are grounded; and leg wires are shorted against stray currents. Special blasting lines and panels are installed underground. The rings of blast holes are shot from these panels by a shift boss after the area is clear of all men. number of men employed on ore drawing from 42 in bulldoze chamber work to 15. Only a single lost time accident was charged to ore drawing in 1945. Other minor im provements have been better guarding of secondary blasting and better control over the ventilation. Records on dust generated in development headings show, with the exception of raises, that the size of the working place has a definite bearing on the dust concentrations. In powder pockets dust concentrations are reduced in proportion to the size of the In bulldoze chamber work, men are work heading. This is also partly true in the ing below an open draw hole and over an mucking phase of development work, as open grizzly of large size, both dangerous conditions are now nearly equalized by the operations. The hazards result in serious use of mechanical mucking machines. The accidents, as 36 per cent of our fatalities operation of diamond drills also shows a occur in bulldozing. The reduction in the lower generation of dust than in percussion size of the draw hole and the elimination drilling operations. The elimination of the of work over a grizzly has helped appreci small-sized headings and the replacement of ably to reduce serious accidents. development work by diamond drill holes The use of slushers lias decreased the has resulted in healthier conditions. m Barring and Drilling Mocking Setting Up Haulage Dlift ............................................ 8 by 9 Blast Hole'Drift.......................................7 by 7 Slusher Drift ........... Service Drift........... Powder Drift ......... Powder Pocket ....... Raises ...................... Winzes .................... 7 by 8 6 by 8 4 by 6 3 by 4 . Various .6 by 14 100* 6.1 197 1R2 211 160 512 116 169 100*} sit 102t 921-120 125 1R4 -- 100 100* --- 90 181 459 119 74 Slopes ...................... Diamond Drills ....... " 7 by 7 59 - - Thi figure liken m 100 JThi* figure for Merh*nic) Mucking A comparison of dust conditions in the safer and healthier working conditions, as ore drawing system shows only a slight ad vantage in favor of the slushers. The con- follows; 1. Reduction in exposure to hazardous raise trol of ventilation is simplicr ami more work. effective in the slusher drifts. 2. Elimination of large undercut stupes. Type Operation Slushing Bulldozing 3. Elimination of powder pocket develop Slushing Ore ................. Sluicing Ore .............. Secondary Blasting . Rim of Ore............... Barring on Drizzly... Drilling Plugs ........... C leaning and Mucking Along Slusher Drifts. Thu figure taken 100 100* 117 338 130 182 173 287 331 131 M8 76 ment. 4. Increased use of mechanized equipment in stupe development. 5. Reduction in exposure to handling of powder. Improved conditions of ore drawing by utilizing mechanical ore handling. Improved conditions of primary ore breaking by utilizing the diamond drill Summary ' Diamond drill blast hole ore breaking and drawing with slushers have resulted in Improved development ventilation through the use of working faces of larger area. Paper and Pulp Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 (irneral ( hairman--R. A. Page, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis. I ice-Chnirnnm in Charge of membership- H. F\ Heurner, The Elintkote Co, New York, N. Y. Secretary--R. W. ('rougher, M&O Paper Co., International Falls, Minn. News Letter liditor--George. W. Harper, The Mead Corporation, Chillicothe, Ohio. Program Committee--R. W. Crougher (Chairman), M & () Paper Co., International Falls, Minn. *J. Frkji Berry, Alton Box Board Co., Alton, III. Julius A. Draper, Consolidated Paper Corp., Ltd, Grand Mere, P. Q, Canada. W. G. Etter, River Raisin Paper Co., Monroe, Mich. Rf.inolp Ganzer, Marathon Corp., Rothschild, Wis. L. C. Smith, Thilmany Pulp ami Paper Co., Kaukauna, Wis. ( onlest Committee--A. Scott Dowd (Chairman), Fritz Publications, Inc., Chicago, III. W. R. Cahill, Nekonsa-Edwanls Paper Co, Port Edwards, Wis. R. D Rogers, Bird & Son, Inc., Ea'st Walpole, Mass Putfl Sheet (ommittee--(\ I. Monk (Chairman), Kacquctte River Paper Co, Potsdam, N. Y. ' Cyril I) McCan, Crossctt Paper Mills, Crossett, Ark George. S. Nf.lson, Consolidated Water Power and Paper Co, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. I). H. Severson, Neenah Paper Co, Neenah, Wis. A. 1. Basils, The Lawrence Paper Co., Lawrence, Kan*- H. 11. Yoder, Gulf States Paper Corp, Tuscaloosa, Ala f.ngineering-Safe Practices Committee--J. A. Long (Chairman), Bay West Paper Co., Green Bay, Wis. K. G. Amos, American Paper & Pulp Association, New York, N. Y. M. W. Dundore, Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis. K. C. Jacurs, American Mutual Liability Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. G. R Mkkhiman, International Paper Co , Mobile, Ala G. K. Momtknsen, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis. Dr. Paul A. Brehm, State Board of Health, Madison, Wis Dr. Louis M. Fkfchti ini;, Champion I 'aper & Fibre Co , I lamilion, < )hi J. A. Moorf, Paterson Parchment Paper ( o , Bristol, Pa 483 AHA ilth Vat'umai Safety Congress, 1QU> Saffix Intlrui tu>n < >ini < >>>niihv JI H ^'k>i>hi< n (( Imirmnn), Strathmore Paper l.o , West Springfield, Ma^s A S. Goo*. Quebec Pulp & Paper Safety Association, Quebec, Canada. C. L. K. f)oU(iHf.rtV, Union flag & Paper Corp , Savannah, Ga. (. C. Kfjir, Quebec North Shorn Paper Co, Ilaic Comeau, P.Q., Canada. B. J. McCloskf.y, Hoberg Paper Mills, Green Pay. Wis rp/)Rr,p. H. Pkahvf, Bathurst Power & Paper ( o, Bathurst, New Brunswick. Ytohj/icr Committee- Fred W. Braun (Chairman), Employers Mutual, Wausau, Wis, Visual P^ducotion Committee -Thomas I), Youno (Chairman), The Ohio Box Board Co., Rittman, Ohio. Georoe G. (11 bh, Canadian International Paper Co., Gatineau, PQ, Canada. C. A. Howard, West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., North Charleston, S. C. Karl Kjmjaisch, Iowa Fiber & Associated Box Co., Keokuk, Iowa P R. Latter, Anglo ( anadian Pulp & Paper Mills, Ltd., P.Q., Canada. Ci.ipford D. Soiafiffr, Kalamazoo Vegetable Parchment Co., Kalamazoo, Midi. Cogging Operations Representative---James A. McGivnf.y, Brown Co., Berlin, New Hamp shire. Paper Products Plants Representative-H. H. Aofrhou.. Marathon Corp., Mntasl.a, Wis Past Centred Chairmen-Georoe J. Adams, International Paper Co., Glens Falls, N. Y. Robert M. Altman, Marathon Corp., Rothschild, Wis. Lt. Col Clayton O. Rraatz, APO No. 707, San Francisco, Calif. D. B. Chant, Ontario Pulp & Paper Makers' Safety Assn., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Kenneth I.. Faist, The Champion Paper & Fibre Co., Hamilton. Ohio. Walter A. Gleason, Hammermil! Paper Co., Krie, Pa. E. E. Grant, The Crystal Tissue Co., Middletown, Ohio. M G. Hoyman, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenali, Wis. G. W. Phillips, The Champion Paper & Fibre Co., Canton, N. C. f. J. Plzak, Consolidated Water Power & Paper Co., Wisconsin Rapids. Wis Samuel Prvyn, Finch, Pruyn & Co., Inc., Glens Falls, N. Y. Roi-ano W. Richardson, The Gardner-Richardson Co., Lorkland, Ohio. S. F. Shattuck, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Neenah, Wis L. R. Simpson, The Brown Paper Mill Co., Inc., Monroe, La. . Georof. K. Wiii.iamson, Strathmore Paper Co., West Springfield, Mass. Staff Representative K. I'. Mawoni. National Safety Cramdl, lm,, C ImaRo. 111. F,* Gnml Cfclrmi Pnprr and Pulp Set lion MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 7, 194b Prestdtnq: (.fn ( hm l.. R. Simp^in, Safety Dir, The Hrmvn l'aprr Mill ( o 485 Is Safety Your Business? By WALTER A. CUTTER, Ph. D. Center for Safety Education n we wish our calling as men of safety to be highly regarded and to take its right ful place among other professions and oc cupations, then we must see to it that our standards and the standards of our per formance compare favorably with the work and the men in other lines. Similarly \vc must have a clear idea of the objective of the failure of men. machines, or materials which cause accidents, it is his business to analyze the accidents that occur, to deter mine not the apparent hut the real causes of these failures, and on the basis of sound recommendations to see that proper steps are taken to prevent a recurrence. our work, the training neccssatv for it ami Obviously, therefore, safety belongs on the standards of performance which should the main line of activity and not on g bp expected. There can he no haziness on siding. Safety is not window dressing. It these points, if we are to be dear in what is in the very nature, of things, as integral we are doing. a.part of production, as is any other part In contacts with safety men of all de grees of educational and experimental back ground, I have found unanimity on one major point, namely that accidents are bad and should be stopped. There seems to be no general unanimity on such points as these: Where should safety be in an or ganization? Should it be tier! in with production? Personnel? Industrial rela tions? What should be expected in tangible terms as the result of a safety program ? Should the safety man throw his weight round, or he unobtrusive and deferential 5 How much authority should he have? Is there a sound measure of his performance5 of production Or again, it is not some thing apart. It is a '`part of." This seems very elementary, hut it is clear that a great deal of confusion would he avoided, if all safety personnel, and all managements rec ognized that safety "belongs" and is not a luxury to he indulged when the mood is propitious. How much of the frequently heard argument would he voided, if we were all skilled and resourceful in pointing out to management that safety is an aid to the successful completion of whatever the firm is engaged in doing. On this basis, for a management to oppose safety would he tantamount to opposing the making of products or. worse yet- profits. Tt would seem that if safety is our busi All that safety intends is to so help direct ness, there should be some general agree and control the actions of workers, to so ment on such questions as these. The fol help control the mechanical and other means lowing thoughts are submitted for your of production, the physical surroundings consideration as the objective of work in lafety, or as we now say more commonly, accident prevention. Men perform many operations, ranging from simple uncom plicated maneuvers to highly complex op erations. In these various performances, ometimes there are interruptions or fail tt* which prevent the orderly, and some the successful completion of the 'Iteration. Some of such interruptions arc ami conditions, that production will nol be impeded or stopped by reason of injury. Quite obviously it belongs in with produc tion, or with whatever type of operation characterizes the firm. What a stupid thing to hear a production man or a super intendent of manufacturing say that "safety gets in the way" of production. What a limited comprehension of his own objective if he believes such a thing' (fled accidents, because they represent un tended and injurious interruptions to <iic- te*fu) operations. It is at this point that j*f tafety specialist enters. Insofar as it is As to the precise place in the plan of organization which safety should occupy, that will vary. A rase can lie made out for pulling it in with personnel. Men have Petroleum Section Executive Committee 1948-1947 Genera! Chairman--J. Howard Myfrs, The Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Vice-Chairman for Production--I). A. Ki.fmmf., Stannlinri Oil & Cas Company, Tulsa, Okla. Vice-Chairman for Marketing--W. (). Wilson, Standard Oil Company (Indiana), Chicago III. E tee-Chairman for I>ife Lines--I_). M. I*arrf.i.l, Shell Pipe Line Company, Houston, Texas. Vice-Chairman for Manufacturing W. K. RfR'.ev, Standard Oil Company (Ohio), Toledo, Ohio. Secretary-- I). V. Stroor, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y. News I.ettcr Editor--Ray A. Kanmfi.s, Shell Oil Company, Inc, Wood River Refinery, Wood River, III. /L.n.rhmt Neivs I.etter Editor- R. L. Conway, Ir, United Las Pipe Line Company, Shreveport, La. Chairman Contest and Statistical Committee- ]. Wiilard Lord, The Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Chairman Engineering Committee -1. I\ Knox, Cmrral lYirnlrnm Corporation, Los Angeles, Calif Chairman Health Committer Dr IV IV Rf.f.vf, Standard Oil Company (Indiana), Chi cago, III. Chairman Industrial J)ata Shed Committee--J. Thi'rman Crffn, Director of Safety, Sun Oil Company, P. O. Rox 2fM), Dallas 1, Texas Chairman Off-the-Joh Committee---Roy S. Ronsib, Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), New York. N. Y. '* Chairman Ctsiial E.dueatum Committee-Roy !. Dishman, limit Oil Company, Shreve port, La. Chairman Atlantic Division W. N. Costfly, Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company, New York, N. Y. ffoiirtwiu Gulf Division- C. R Swxnnir, Magnolia Prttr>lcum lompans. ^an Antonio, Texas. lhatrman Great Lakes Diriuon I. C Rf.rnd, Sun lair Refining Company. I ast, Chicago, Ind. 503 504 14th Xational Safety Congress, 1946 ( litiirnhtn M ul ( "Mfm.ij/ Dr; nr <*n- Im mo Murphi'Y, \ T i < 1 < unliti'-nt iVtioletlin ( mupruiv. I uUa, ()kla (. h'lirtnott Neir I fi'/liind Pirnioti f. A. Hassey, (jfjrs Service Oil Companv, I'r^hm, Ma^ ' (./wtrmzm Pa<ifi\ ( .mf Dmomi I \s IHim, Union Oi( Company of < 'alifotnia. Lo* Angeles, Calif. Cii.it Central Chairmen John ('. Askam. 1 In* Ohio Oil Company, Findlay, Ohio. K. W. Black, Standard C)il Company (New Jersey), Elizabeth, N. I If. W. Rooless, Sinclair Prairie Oil Company, Tuba, Okla. Roy S. Bonsib, Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), New York, N. Y. A. W. Breejlanp, I.one Star Gas Company, I Dallas, Texas. James H. Brown, Tide Water Associated Oil Company, New York, N. Y. R. E. Donovan, Standard Oil Company (California) San Francisco, Calif C. L. Hioiitowp.r, United Gas Pipe Cine Company, Slireveport, La H. T. Markf.e, Phillips Petroleum C ompany, Bartlesville, Okla. F R. McLean, Whim Star Division, Socony-Vacutim Oil Company, Inc , Detroit, Mich. Cm as. A Miller. Ilie Texas Company, Houston, Texas. I. L. RrssrNOEH, Soeouy- Vacuum Oil Company, Inc., New York, N. Y. R B. Roapfr, Humhle Oil ami Refining Company, Houston, Texas. Petroleum Section ' TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 8, 1946 Presiding: Gf.n. Cum. John C. Askam, Safet\ Dir, The Ohio Oil Co. 505 Management's Responsibility in the Accident Prevention Program By JAMES TANHAM Vice-President, The Texas Co. dins country has been torn with indus trial strife for well over a year. The out look for peace in this field is not very promising; in fact, many people expect even greater unrest and turmoil in the inorths ahead. Our subject of safety offers one area of non-conlroversial mutual interest between management and employees. This may sound like a little thing, and maybe there are men so callous, so self sufficient, that a slap on the back has no echo in the heart. But I have never met one. Management, particularly that part somelimcs called higher management, must ac complish its objectives through people. We owe it to those people to show our interest Here if anywhere there is agreement- in them ami in their work. We owe it to agreement among management and men them to tell them when they have done universally on the necessity of safe opera a good job--just as when they are not tions, of protecting and conserving lives doing well we have to get busy anfl find by preventing accidents. out why and help them to improve. So I In such an atmosphere it seems somewhat diould label as management's number one irrelevant to inject the word "responsi i espnnsibility in the accident prevention bility!'' You don't really have to spell out program : responsibility when interest and desire are lake titne by ger.somil eout-i, t ami every so compelling. available meant, to >we lnn.lv credit and But, of course, in business, objective'' oncoura/jement to the mm :< ho are <i< huilly must be crystallized so that great groups tloin;) the job of men in a common enterprise may have Then I should suggest, as a second re a common understanding and thereby more sponsibility, the provision of clear-cut or effectively operate as a team. If, as man ganization ami complete understanding of agement, we believe that accident preven authority and duty. Perhaps some one will tion is desirable among our employees, we say this should he first. I don't think so I will implement that conviction. We will don't minimize the importance of good or organize for that undertaking; we will have ganization. But with or without organiza capable and sufficient instructors. We will tion nothing really worth while is ever arrange classes convenient for our em accomplished without enthusiasm. ployees to attend. Wc will manifest our interest in many ways. But we should have good organization, and it's management's job to provide it. Management could make a great contri We have to spell out relationships between bution by showing a personal interest in people. We have to define the fields in safety--wherever possible, a man-to-man which people are to operate. And we must contact between department managers, vice he sure that the authority delegated it presidents, and even presidents, with the equal to the responsibility. Why do we men in the field who carry on the daily and have to do all this ? sometimes seemingly monotonous routine of safety engineering. I sec in many com panies many men who are actually starving for a word of commendation or apprecia6on from some one higher up. Well, one reason is that people alwavs act like people. As much as we may dis like to admit it, people don't just auto matically get along with each other. We have organization charts so that everyone Power PresslSection Executive Committee Members 1946-1947 General Chairman--E. C. Woodward, Greater Chicago Safety Council, Chicago, Illinois. Vice-Chairman--G. W. Grf.fnwood,. Western Electric Company, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Secretary--Herschel L, Smith, Fort Wayne Works, General Electric Company, Fort Wayne, Indiana. News Letter Committee--M. K. Krantz (Chairman), Stewart-Wamer Corporation, Chi cago, Illinois. L. A. Faulkner, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Massachusetts. Engineering Committee--Charles Clark (Chairman), Dodge Division, Chrysler Corpora tion, Detroit, Michigan. Russell Johnson, Croname, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Walter L. Hanau, Fidelity and Casualty Insurance Co., Chicago, Illinois. Health Committee--Dr. Edward J. Schowalter (Chairman), Western Electric Company, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Dr. L. E. Hamlin, American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago, Illinois. Visual Aid in Training Committee- C. E. Sullivan (Chairman), Continental Can Company, Chicago, Illinois. Basil Burns, Western Electric Company, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Russell James, Kelly Steel Works, Chicago, Illinois. Membership Committee--Art Graham (Chairman), Bituminous Casualty Company, Chi cago, Illinois. Harry C. Coin, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation, Pontiac, Michigan. Program Committee--Leonard Coi.e (Chairman), Crane Company, Chicago, Illinois. Paul Windsor, R. G. LeTourneau, Inc., Peoria, Illinois. J. R. O'Keefe, General Electric X-Ray Corp., Chicago, Illinois. $4<tional I'ublications Committee---Weldon Bennetts (Chairman), Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation, Grand Rapids, Michigan. L. Handt, Houdaille-Hoershcy Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, i Stf.wart T. Cooper, Nineteen Hundred Corporation, St. Joseph, Michigan. ! |5lotuhr.r Committee--William J. McCnesnf.y ('C/imrmmD, Scoville Manufacturing Co., ^ Waterbury, Connecticut. I W. G. Hocking, Westdox, Division of General Time Instruments Corp., La Salle, III. \0f-the-Job Committee-'-S. J. Barak (Chairman), Kkco Products Company, Chicago, 111. C: F. Taylor, Zenith Radio Corporation, Chicago. Illinois. 531 532 ilth Satwnul Safety Congress, 1946 Member s-at-l nri/r C. A IH Mono, KrLry Haves Wheel Lompany, Detroit, Mulligan *W Bakfr, William . ( hi O Malic Healing ('orp , Bloomington, Illinois *G. H. Berry. Western llectnc Lompany, Inc , ( Imago, 111 itioi *H. L. IIowsom, Hows,,m Spool Company, Amota, Illinois. *J\ I. Hunter. Motor Whrrl Corporation. Lansing. Michigan. (t A. Ki'F.niKNMiMiN, i>oinmion Forge <Nf Stamping ( o., Ltd, W'indsor, Ontario. I.). A. Moorf. Western Lleclrir Companv, Inc., ( Imago, Illinois. *T. O. Mfisnfk, American Can Company, Chicago. Illinois. V. (i. Ffnweton. (ieneral F.lertric Companv. West Lynn. Massachusetts B. E. RocKHOFF, Detroit Steel I'rodncts Company. I Detroit, Michigan *E C. Schui.t:s, Jh. C Hager K Sons Hinge Mfg, Co., St. Louis, Missouri S. H. Slaymakeh, Fairbanks, Morse & (Company,' Beloit, Wisconsin. E. J. Wai.i.man, Chicago District. American Brake Shoe Co., Chicago, Illinois. M. R. Zfj.df.h, Edison (ieneral Klectnc \ppliancc ( o., Oiicago, Illinois. Rudolph Jacobs. Edison t ieneral Licctric Appliance Co., Chicago, Illinois. Staff Representative--B. A. Chainoer (<lt-ceased), National Safety Council, Inc , Chicago, Illinois. Pitt General Chairman I 1'iKrn Press Set lion Tl'ESlrVY Al'TERNOON SESSION October 8, )94<> l'ie mlui'i: (.in ( iim c A I IkMoni.i , Safely I )i r , Kelsey Hayes Wheel Co. 5.0 Power Press Accident Facts By G. W. GREENWOOD Safety Director, Western Electric Co. The racial importance <f all -afetv pcpie i < mf ribnt irig to a common goal ha- been overlooked by most safely spei iah-t - in in ilii-lrial accident prevention, f >r11\ a'* the tinder l\ ing structure* of Ihr safeh profcMm arc healthy and strong. and perform their indispensable function-, regarding -ere ice to engineering and training held-, an that profession he strong To the dopier that safety personntd are weak in know I edge. or isolated from the mam mtirnl- "t 1bought of the professjnti. does tltat |>io lessjun become weak and dismtrg: air dims wilh all (lie aeeidmt problems of die \ahoii to make them adequate earners of our new all on hi-i\ e program. Mam people hy the exercise ol mlhirnce have til'd. <jiiiie unsuccessfully, to change then .) i idem trend Al) of them forgot, and have had to learn, that, while speeihe guid'd dun'tionam safety work gives mHim nci (lie rev erse is not true Influence i- not dii ect km in safety work In ihr accidetit situation of indn-trv to lav oiilv specific duectmn of safety etToii. mil iitii l\ influence, can change the :m i dint in-nd downward loo mam people he- pressing for solution ami the rneipus of alI safety people mohih/ed t> -..he them, Itevi ih.ii all rhat is needed In do the -aleiv 11 h t 111 a nil Vi 111'llt interest If then beliefs citiisideratioii of sperihe fa<in.il a i nlnii vvcii iim a /rv /uv the im/in/r <f/ cause data is still imperative m.\ t ,if, r, mmiim, ,/ i f.ith u Ihr !'>'O J We mat he srarchniR for nee limn \ i" Itt i miplisli oin pm pose, foi a plan *n wavinti means, hut mir Jhmg nr air nt,\ look ' ing 1m is a foimnla hei .iii-i' it li.n heen $ in existente fot a bine ton-' tin- fotmida \ democratic . imperative rlb.i l & Onr conception nl the heritage nl <afet\ knowledge is fai lo<i t e-11 n f * I It ha-, for ",u raeftraf puipo-es. embiainl little iimir f.fan the thought of the minor ilv <>t the' ^profession. In ordei to attain iinit\ ol pm \\ . ,m loo apt to oil < t vc ) i.r-t 11 \ and ,,, gcnci. ih'ii < 11 ii 111 - m l u the revulr willi flic i 111 .i \5 iji i w )< i !iv i t sp . On I'Uil i a 11 i ' l I............I \ s. ii in. I l*a n s n| 'on ii I i. 11 I m 11 in i \ i .i 11 i \ w i a 1- i an be ........ in n ! I I. .................... tin- weakne.s m (he -ah h liild the a<iioii takr'ii L\ tlie I'linn 1'iess Ill'll 1- 111M e n ill Ml kind llolM ah the o! )ti i - 1 11 i r m I hr a nu b sev < I; y f / I lull' I to |ln- .in-in in ( are pirsenl all the e-sculial iim; I e. Iienl s ol a getmine policy ffu the c in our safely wank. we nm-i know Intmc In the earlv stages of growth r\ei\ Ch the specific accident r\priinTr and the movemeni has suffered from miseonreption, ggftptnhe prevention activitie- of all peoplelai k of delmiiion, and direction IgbP the profession VVe must under "-land not Efctolj their accident experience hut al-o their Eufftcntion efforts in snrerssfulB coping nlft Such experience. If mu profe-sion is By *W its responsibility in the post war KWQnd and the impreeedentei) expansion HblBm) that is i'iiii rgrng, the framework ffijlMa which wr const met om -afetv adivi I here ;ne two qnnfifn atioos neces-aiv for a problem to he considered a oatmeal saf'tv problem First, it most concern large mnohcis of people. Second, we must he able in do something pinetical about the ,,'ohlcm f I'l Itmcaii of Labor Statistics. I'liihd Hjto will have to he rebuilt m con hi In aide stahs IVp.nhncnl of I ahor. have iccorded Upp*. Wc must develop, too, the willing appi o \ iniah lv J l.fKH) povvei press accident - HMi to experiment hohllv. to invent new ^PRBtodes and to modify old one- so as t-n showing that problem is of national alba t large numbers of the power mn<tn It people press doe- wionnl Safety ConKresi. 1946 548 servrces m the pmMitns of *oHrtv l\ committee work, safety training paneL. investigation !>oa r<!*i, etc He sui'\ however, that tho work has {iroc(Htfi and is based on iwoE as diowii hv adequate factual data ha>*ed on valid trol employee behavior, yet that emplowc* who posies "know-how" c<mtunir to get htirt This may f>e explained by the hut that a suitable "climate of safety" dors not rxist which permits the employee to im1 the knowledge gained by job training. kVa! safety training aims at fostering a climate of safety and there is no conflict of func cause analysis. tion between safety training and job train 9 Probably one of the best training de mg Much research is needed in the field vices is a good, well planned, accurate, of accident causes, and, until more positive continuous system of channeling infor factual data is gathered, safety training will mation about safety result.r or achieve not fulfill the high expectations of mam' ment to levels of upper management too often these people are contacted safPertyobmaebnly. one of the most effective activ when problems arise and their help ts ities, from a training standpoint, that mem sought. ID. Continue analysis and study of acci dent causes with emphasis on psycho logical point of view try by every known device, such as consultation with industrial psychologists, medical bers of the Power Press Section can engage in is in gathering and accumulating factual data related to injuries to work men. When a sufficient Itody of cases is ready for study and analysis, many useful training tecbniqvtes may reveal themeKcs people, and personnel men to under Of this - one thing however, we can be stand the "Unsafe Personal Factor." sure -"know-how" is not enough to prevent In summarizing your reports show that injuries to press room employees. "instruction! U heavily relied upon to con Public Utilities Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 Central Chairman--J. 0. Lf.sue, Gilbert Associates, Inc., Reading, Pa. Vice-Chainnanr~J. B. Pour her, Ohio Edison Co., Akron, Ohio. Sf<rftary--E. L. Fitzoeraui, Ohio Edison Co.. Springfield, Ohio. Engineering Committee--Larry P. Hoffman (Chairman), Florida Power Sc Light Co., ! Miami, Florida. * H. H. Berman, Consolidated Gas, Electric Light Si Power Co., Baltimore, Md. W. E. Rushlow, Rural Electrification Administration, Washington 25, D. C. k Data Sheet .Vuh-Committee--H. G. Pruett (Chairman), Electric Power Board of Chatta nooga, Chattanooga, Tenn. E. M. Chase, Central Vermont Public Service Corp., Rutland, Vt. |S/ety Instruction Card Sub-Committee--K. R. Conn (Chairman}, Duquesne Light Co. Pittsburgh, Pa. A. A. Kmnkf, Public Service Co. of Colorado, Denver, Colo W. L. Smith, Los Angeles Dept, of Power A Water, Los Angeles, Calif. Committee--Adam Heist (Chairman), Pennsylvania Electric Co, Altoona, Pa E. A. Hewitt, Utah Power Si Light Co., Salt Lake City. Utah * Committee--C. N. Rakestraw fOwirwmi), The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co, gOmland, Ohio. C A. Coirrrs, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, HI , A, J. Naquin, New Orleans Public Service. Inc , New Orleans, Louisiana. t Committee--Dr. Hart E. Eishfr (Chairman), Chicago Rapid Transit Co., Chicago, H, R. McKern, Public Service Co. of Colorado. Denver, Colo Committee--W. S. Kitchen (Chairman), Appalachian Electric ` \ W. Va. Mr M, Orts, Public Service Corp. of New Jersey, Newark, N. J. > 8- McMahan, Florida Power Corporation, St. Petersburg, Kla. >8. Larsen, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago DO, HI. Power Co. Committee--W. T. Kooers (( hairman). Ehaco Services Incorporated. New d. y. * '.McCann, New England Power Service Co. Boston, Mass. I Safety A'irtEr Committee -E. A Kusr {Chairman), Pennsylvania Electric ( <>. Interstate Power Co., Dubuque, Iowa e^MltNC, Rural Electrification Administration, Washington 25, D, C 549 550 14th Natitmul Safety Congress, 1946 Publicity Committee I [ HitrurN' ((luiirnutti), Atlantic City Electric Co., Atlantic City. N. | W M. Ot.sotF.w5KY, Western Union Telegraph Co.. New York, N. Y. . ....... TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION 551 Program Committee---JonN Mm.I.kman (Chairman), Hydro-Electric Lower Commission of Ontario, Toronto, Ont., Canaria. f\ A. AuiFJtTy, The Ohio Fuel Gas Co., Columbus, Ohio. C. L. Hd.htowfr, United Gas J'ipe Line Co., Shreveport, La. News Letter Committee E. S. Hanaforp (Chairman), Long Lines Dept., American Tele phone and Telegraph Co , New York, N. Y. W. H. Adams, Columbia System Manufacturers Light fir Heat Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. W. F. Brown, Consolidated Kdison Co of N. Y., Inc , New York, N. Y. Statistics Committee II. T. Jaynf, (Chairman), The Philadelphia Gas Works Co., Philadelphia, Pa. J. B. Porcher, Ohio EdisonCo., Akron, Ohio. Off-the-Job Accidents Committee- C. H. Dinsmore (Chairman), Wisconsin Power It Light Co., Madison, Wis. E K. Beck, Idaho Power Co., Boise, Idaho. Members-at-Large-B. A. Thornton, Indiana and Michigan Electric Power Co., South Bend, Indiana. H, Wl Lueck, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111. W. R; Smith, Public Service Electric & Gas Co., Newark, N, I. Georue Wai.drop, City Utilities, Fort Wayne, Ind. Councilors (Past General Chairmen)-- J. T. O'Brien, Jersey Central Power fir Light Co., Asbury Park, N. J. 1916-17, J. B. Doum.as, The Philadelphia Gas Works Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 1919-20, Wilis MacLac hlan, Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, Toronto Ont., Canada. 1925 26, B. B. McCulloch, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, 111. 1926-27, Gforof Off, The Detroit Edison Co., Detroit, Mich. 1927-28, C. J. Rutland, Texas Power & Light Co., Dallas, Texas. 1928-29, H. E. Webb, American Water Works fir Electric System, Pittsburgh, Pa. 19.10-31, E. S. Beaumont, The Peoples Gas Light fir Coke Co.. Chicago, Jjl. 1931-32, G. A. Moeller, The Dayton Power & Light Co,, Dayton, Ohio. 1932-33, C. B. Doulet, Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Milwaukee, Wis. 1934-35, E. J. Krf.h, Philadelphia Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. 1935-36, Roy M. Godwin, Philadelphia Electric Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 1938-39, R. S, Mftzc.fjr, Toledo Edison Co., Toledo, Ohio. 1939-40, H. A. Ptolemy, Public Service Co. of Northern Illinois, Chicago, III. 1940-41, Charles S. Bowden, Ohio Public Service Co., Elyria, Ohio. 1941-42, 1*. L. G. Hasskarl, Pennsylvania Power fir Light Co., Allentown, Pa. 1942-43, D. C. Duncan, Appalachian Electric Power Co., Bhiefield, W. Va. 1943-44, E. S. Miner, American Telephone fi: Telegraph Co., New York, N, Y. Special Representatives-- D. C. Stewart, Niagara Hudson Power Corp., Buffalo, N. Y. (E.E.I.) H. T. Jaynf., The Philadelphia Gas Works Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (AG. A.) J. E,, Yates, Pacific Power and Light Co., Portland, Oregon. (Mountain Pacific Area) Staff Representative Edward M. Jasitw, National Safety Council, Inc., Chicago Presiding: Gf.n, Chm. J. T. O'BriOenc,toSbaefrety8, D1ir9.4, 6Jersey Central Power fir Light Co. What Gets Results in Safety By ADAM A. BENNION Vice President, Utah Power and Light Co. To find among companies engaged in the same business a spread in accident fre quency from 2 to 34 prompts the question "Can operating conditions vary that much?" Or wouldn't it be intriguing to change 6. He institutes ami follows through regular, systematic inspection of tools, equipment, and good housekeeping. safety staffs and watch consequent changes? Pondering this, and studying the methods followed by successful companies, I under took to set down an answer to the query MWhat Gets Results in --- * -(`'UV to bring youressuelvtesninapSparfoeatcyh?e"s I todecsidaefdi 7. He makes a special point of checking the use and care of rubber goods, hot-line tools, and all other safety devices. 8. He visits with men on the job to see that safety isn't merely taught--but that it is practiced. performance. I offer no brief for the order 9. He devises and has used report forms, m which they are set down. charts, films, and other visual aids to meas I. The*Selection of an Honcst-to-Good- ure results and make progress certain. Mr Safety Man--cal! him what you will: 10. He recognizes fully the unique na ttfeiy director, safety engineer, safety ture of his assignment. He works closely twmselor. He must be more than a statis with all three groups of employees in an tical clerk or a traveling inspector. He organization, he confers with management, wight to he a man with experience- enough directs and counsels with the supervisory to know thoroughly this safety business, staff, and mingles with the men wth personality--to get along with men, Wh ability--to direct and to teach, with thasiasm--to spread a contagion, and tti strength--to command respect. Such a man should he given full re sponsibility -and he should f>e paid as lie measures up to that responsibility. His is a dynamic job--it is in his power 4o these ten things ; t He keeps the safety program alive. He out the objectives, he formulates the ' he devises new methods to heighten tt in routine performance. t He teaches other men. He explains-- II. ( omplete nod Thorough Teaming of All Plant, Line mu/ Sendee Men in the Fundamentals of Safety and First Aid Such training makes certain that every employee involved not only knows the com pany safety code hut that he is schooled in habits of safe performance. The code is his safety Bible, hut safe routine is his counsels--he inspires. He tells--he ritual. He is fully aware of the hazards of i--he cheeks. his calling and knows and practires the use Me previews with the men the jobs ft to do. Of course, most of the be does this through the regular fore- of all the safety appliances in his profes sion. He is keyed to such a safety con sciousness that he cannot pass by a nail tot he establishes job analysis. He discovers hazards or faulty habits erects (hem before accidents occur. protruding from a hoard, or a spot of oil on a floor, or an object resting hazardously on a ledge. He sees that whenever an accident ccur it is completely analyzed to 3* cause, to fix the responsibility, to devise remedies which will avoid a HI. I're-Job .-/ruj/vu.v. Fortunately our dadv routine offers an excellent laboratory in safe performance. The day's work can proof-read all our (raining. Every job should he looked through in advance. Greater hazards call for greater precau tions. Rubber Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 General Chairman--Roland Kastfil, U. S. Rubber Co , New York, New York. I'ice-Chairnutn in Charge of Program- Gifn P. Cross, The Firestone Tire St Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio, Secretary TL L. Andrews, The Firestone Tire St Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. News Letter Editor--Gordon Trank, Hewitt Robins, Inc., Buffalo, New York. Engineering Committee- George Bhrkhardt (Chairman), General Tire St Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. R. L. Wampler, Dayton Rubber Mfg. Co., Dayton, Ohio S. A. Wright, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. R. W. TTckes, The Goodyear Tire St Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Health Committee--Dr. J. Newton Shirley (Chairman), Arrow Mutual Liability Ins. Co., Chestnut Hill, Mass. Dr. M. A. Thompson, U. S. Richer Reclaiming Co, Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. R. H. Wilson, The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio. I*'. W. Sands, U. S. Rubber Co., New York, New York. Membership Committee--R. M. Bovt fs (Chairman), Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co, Ea^t St. Louis, Illinois. Poster ( otnmittee--T. H. Boyd (Chairman), Manhattan Rubber Mfg Piv. of Ka\hestos Manhattan, Inc., Passaic, New Jersey. , PafchYi/y ( ommittee--C. E. Beck, St. Clair RuMier Co., Marysville, Michigan. f Statistics Committee--M. E. Badstorfr (Chairman), The Ohio Rubber Co., Willoughby, K: Ohio. lUmbers-at-l^irge-- E. W. Beck, U. S. Rubber Co., New York, New York R. A. Bullock, Corduroy Rubber Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. R. S. Earnmm, U. S. Rubber Co.. Detroit, Mich. *0. Hopkins, U. S. Rubber Co , Providence, R. I. ( *C F. Horan, Arrow Mutual Liability Ins. Co , Chestnut Hill, Mass. j *J* M. Kerrigan, U. S. Rubber Reelaiming Co., Inc., Buffalo, N. Y. *J.T. Kidney, Goodyear Tire St Rubber Co , Akron, Ohio. ^ *JL E- Lovas, U S. Rubber (o, Passaic, New Jersey. L. Schneider, The B. F. Goodrich t o.. Akron, Ohio. ^L.J. Sork, Armstrong Tire S: RuM>er Co., Natchez. Mis*; . G. R. Spangfnbfro, Rainfair lii(nr|, Racine. Wise. Van Ci.eef, Van ( [cef Bros, ( Im ago, Illinois gf Representative^ - 1'. A. Van \iia, National Safety Council. Chicago. Illinois Nttl Chairman Sat* * 567 Aaii.mal Sajely Congress, 1946 578 High order selection, instruction, train 5. Confine ot^raNOfj to the fewest number ing, and follow through are essential. of worker*. 6. Provide one starting source only. 7. Provide wrinkle removing roils where practical. g. Provide safe footing. Q. There is no substitute for safe workers. 10. Set up standards for starting liner on shell by hand. 1). Effect rigid inspection procedures. \2. Discipline if necessary to effect proper and safe control measures. Steam Railroad Section Executive Committee 1946-1947 Central Chairman--C. M. Bowunu, Supt. of Safety, Louisville & Nashville R K. Co. Louisville, Ky. Virt'Cfuiirman~~K. L. Duuoan, Supt. of Safety, A T. & S. K. Ry. System, Chicago, III. Secretary-News letter Editor--W. H. Roberts, Supt. of Safety. Chicago & Northwestern System, Chicago, III. Context Committee--C. L. LaFountaine (Chairman), General Safety Supervisor, (ireat Northern Ry, Co., St. Paul, Minn. A. A. IvOWK, Supt. of Safety, Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco, Calif F. (. Love, Mgr., Property Protection Sc Safety, N. Y. Central System, New York, N. Y. IlifjfatHiy Railroad Crossing Committee C \V. more & Ohio R. R Co., Baltimore, Md (( fnnrinan), Supt of Safen. Haiti- H. A. Daakf., Supt. of Safety, Erie Railroad Co, Cleveland, Ohio E. L. Duooan, Supt of Safety, The Atchison, Topeka & Santa 1> Rv Co , (Imago, III L. B. Harper, Personnel Asst, Illinois Central System, Chicago, III L. E Huffman, Inspector of Operation, St Louis Southwestern Ry. I.ines, Tyler, Texas. (.. M Kimball, Asst, to Vice President, Southern Ry. System, Washington, 1) C J. E. D>n<;, Supt. of Safety, The Delaware & Hudson R. R Corp , Allwmy, N. Y. F. <i. Love, Mgr. Property Protection & Safety, New Ymk t'entral System. New York. N. Y. A. A. Lowe, Supt. of Safety, Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco, Calif. Health Committee--Dr. ). W. Hour (Chairman), Cleveland, Ohio. I> Richard J. Bennett, Chicago III. I>*. R. J. Uf.ruhofk, Ft. Wayne, Ind. Chief Surgeon, Nickel Plate Road, IfmfrerrAi/* Committee--J. K. Lonc (Chairtmm), Supt. of Safety, Delaware 81 Hudson -*.R Co.. Albany, N. Y. ' # C. W. Ei.stf., Supt. of Safety, Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co., Baltimore, Md. e f R- Thexton, Supt. of Safety, Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co, a Hoboken, N. J. RJ. P. Wadsworth, Gen. Supvr. of Accident Prevention, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Que. 579 580 44th National Stiffly Congress, 1946 Program Committee I. K. Huffman (Chairman), Inspector of Operation, St. I.ouis Southwestern By. Go, Tyler, lex C. L. LaFountaink, Gen'l Safety Supervisor, Great Northern Ry., St. Paul, Minn. |. R. Tenney, Supt of Safety, Western Maryland Ry. Co, Hagerstown, Mcl. D. K. Mumford, Asst (,cu. Safety Agent, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Nominations and Elections Committee- -G. W. Fxste (Chairman), Supt. of Safety, The Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co., Baltimore, Md. T. M. ("arrow, Supt. of Safety, The Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia, Pa. L. H. Harper, Personnel Asst , Illinois Centra! System, Chicago, HI. L. K. Hoffman, Inspector of Operation, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, Texas. Dr J. W. Hour, Medical Dir., Nickel Plate Road, Cleveland, Ohio. C. L. LaFountainf, Genl. Safety Supervisor, Great Northern Ry., St. Paul, Minn. J. K. I-ono, Supt. of Safety, The Delaware & Hudson R. R. Corp., Albany, N. Y. J. R. Tf,nney, Supt. of Safety, Western Maryland Ry. Co., Hagerstown, Md. Statistics Committee T. H. Carrow (Chairman), Supt of Safety, The Pennsylvania R. R., Philadelphia, Pa. Robert Scott, Dir. of Safety, Atlantic Coast Line R. R., Wilmington, N. G. TrespassingaCommittee--J. R. Tf.nnf.y (Chairman), Supt. of Safety, Western Maryland Ry. Co., rtagerstown, Md. C. F. Adams, Supt. Rules & Safety, The Texas & Pacific Ry. Co., Dallas, Texas. K. B. Harman, Safety Supervisor, Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco, Calif. F. G. Lovf, Mgr. Property Protection & Safety, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Visual Education Committee--L. B. Harper (Chairman), Personnel Asst., Illinois Central System, Chicago, 111. Central System, Chicago, III. J P. Hrinih.fy, Supt. of Safety, The Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry. Co., Chicago, III. E. L. Giif.rtin, Supervisor Bureau of Safety, Canadian Pacific Ry., Montreal, Quebec. C L. LaFountainf, General Safety Supervisor, Great Northern Ry., St. Paul, Minn. A. A. Iwe, Supt. of Safety, Southern Pacific Co., San Francisco, Calif. D. W. Naff, Supt. of Safety, Norfolk & Western Ry., Roanoke, Va. Staff Representative-^*. W. Dutton, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Steam Railroad Section TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION 581 October 8, 1946 /Vcmi/iim/; L. F.. Hoffman, Inspector of Operations, St. Louis Southwestern R Opening Remarks wy. Lines By L. E. HOFFMAN Vice Chairman, Steam Railroad Section and Inspector of Operation, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines f am appearing before you today because our chairman am! friend, George Llste, is ill. I know you arc all a* deeply sorry as J am that George cannot he here- -hut at the same time glad that he is doing the wise thing in taking care of himself. 1 do, howrver, want to pay tribute to the faithful and excellent work done hv Mr. KKtc ami lire chairmen am! members of tire committee of this section. 1 particu larly want to thank John Tenney and the tion. We are being forced more and more to study the worker--to analyze him ami find out what it is that makes him have accidents. And we are finding very often that it is because he doesn't fully know his job. This is based on another modern idea, namely, that the safe way and the right way aie identical. The ways that have been handed down from generation to genera tion, in many cases, arc wrong ways. members of his Program Committee for tire fine tilings they will spread before ns these three days. The remedy is to take hold of the worker with a friendly hand even before he comes into our service, start educating him per This is the first chance that wc railroad safety men from all over the country- in fact, all over the continent --have had to sonally and individually that day, and never stop teaching him until lie quits, dies or takes his pension. get together in two long years. Let us make the most of the opportunity. And I don't mean just saying to the trackman every morning, "Joe, be careful During those two years, momentous today." I mean taking him step by step things have happened. Two years ago, we through every job he has to do, in infinite met here in the midst of a tremendous war. detad, making certain he learns the lesson, Now, we meet after a year of peace -more and then keeping up the process of telling or less. The mighty deeds of the railroads and showing him forever. during tire conllict are well known to us Wc know, ton, how they managed these ac complishments and still kept safety as of first importance. Shall we do less now? t riming down to the actual work of the Steam Railroad Section, one of the great jobs now in pogress, and one which we all feel sure will he continued and expanded in Already the sound of war is fading from the future, is the program, carried on our memory. But peace Iras not ended the jointly by our srrtion and the Safety Sec war on accidents. During the time of bat tles, we had powerful aids at our command --patriotism, the need for production and for tire delivery of armaments and fight tion of the Association of American Rail roads, for the prevention of grade cross ing and trespassing accidents. ' ing men at ports of embarkation. We had The two great railroad safety organiza slogans that were glamorous and exciting. tions are cooperating in this common en We don't have those crutches to lean on deavor, and this is as it should be. Our now. So we must find new appeals, new ideas, new approaches. We must keep alive combined efforts can accomplish anything we set out to do. to modern trends in accident prevention. We must contribute some new ideas of our own. We are members of a cooperative asso ciation. The National Safety Council is not just an organization with offices in ( hirago One of the modern trends is toward edu cation- and 1 mean real individual edm --zvc are the National Safety Council. As such, we have here at headijuat ters a staff of men who have just one purpose to help INDEX A Absenteeism: Evaluation of the Safety Exchange as It Applies to Method#, Statistics, Guard#. Cate Histones {Johnson), 167-168. Program to Reduce Non-Industrial Disabilities (Brtbm), 74-73. Accident Pact# Session, 17-2). - Accident Pronenctt, set Personal Factors. Accident Statistics: Allocation of Injury Costs (Sepnl- vedeL 374-573. Basic Principles to Find Fundamental Causes--Case History Analysis. Panel Discussion. 20-23. Methods of Ratine Progress of Safety Work. Quit Program, 339-341. Post Post-War. What Can Be Done to Bring Down the Trend of Accidents? (Myert), 324 528. To What Department Should This Accident Be Charged? Panel Discusion, 444. Use of Interstate Commerce Commission Report* for Employee Information. Panel Discussion, 602-603 See also Specific Subject. Acids: Acid Carrying Bottle. Panel Discussion, 407. See also Chemicals. Aeronautic Industry, See Aircraft Manufacture, Aeronautic*. See Air Transport Ager, /, f. C ontrol of Unsafe Work Practices. 336 >Mt. Ahern, /. /. Outstanding Pite Causes and 1 e**on* They teach, 6* 67. Air Conditioning. See Ventilation and Fahautt Svs tem*. Air Transport: Gassing and Degassing of Auplmr* (Anderson ) 103 |96 Ground Salely in Air Transport from the Ps sender's Point of View (Rerke*). 1B1 183 Ground Safely in the Air Transport Cnmmand I Veil,). ifH 183 The (.round Safety Program nf Our Airline {Mt( ottmm >, 176 180. The Harare) of Fngine Tests and Runups ( forte* K The Importance of Safety in Aviation as Applied to Manufacturing, Flying. Economics and Heron- version (Price), 183-189. Management and Safety (Udeter), 192-194. Mutual Problems of the Aircraft Manufacturer and l/ser. Symposium, 189-200. The Relationship Between Ground and Flight Safety (Dewton), 189-192. 4 The Specifications for Ground Maintenance Equip ment (Turner), 196-198. f Aircraft Manufacturing Section: Joint Sessions ith Air Transport Section, t87-199. Minutes, 163 173. Officers. 163Aircraft War Production Council: Evaluation of the Safety Exchange as It Applies to Method*. Statistics. Guards, Case Histories (Johnson f, 164 168. Akers, J. 8.: Non-Train Accidents, 607-609. Alpha Chi Sigma Praternity: The Alpha Chi Sigma Chemical Fraternity Safety Program (Snell). 243 246. ASSE-Engineeiing Section: Minutes. 201-204. Officers. 201-202. Anderson, Vincent: Gtssing and Degassing of Air planes. 193-f 96. Annual Meeting of Members, 1 16. Association of American Railroads; Grade Crossing and Trespassing Program (Hoffmen ), 388 390. Greetings from the Safety Section, A AR. (Kim- boll), *8? *R* Joint r,immiMer on tirade Crossing Protection I Hntmao I v> > *94 Atomic pn**t iGnoi'f Fnpigy a New Safety Prob lem n i *n s; Ne- (hallenges for il<* Industrial Hyg*eni*f i Hon > "S ") Automobile Industry. see AuirmcUve and Machine Shop 3ecii<-r ; Motor Vehicle Industry Automotive am! Machine Shop *ef1ion Minutes, 20' ??R Officers, ?0* '06 Awards, See Contests. Reward* ' to Manufacturing, Plying. Economics and l(e<nn version (Price), 183-189. Management and Saftey (Lederer), IQ? 194. Mutual Problems of the Aircraft Manufacturer m< t -User. Symposium. 189-200. The Relationship Between Ground and Plighi y Safety iDowson), 189197. , The Specifications for Ground Maintenance Equip T aecnt (Turner), 196-198. ffifr Transport Section: Joint Sessions wich Aircraft iA- Manufacturing Section, 183-199. ;>? Miautes. 173-185. 173. '^Oaft Manufacture: Accident Prevention in the 2. Manufacturing Plants of Small Aircraft tScheett), fc 171-173. T. The Converted Safety Program (Bnrbont), 169-171. c4. le^Mtson of the Safety Bxchange as If Applies * Methods. Statistic#. Guards. Case Histories miJohnson), 164 169. ** and Degassing of Airplanes (Anderten I. jThr Haxard of. Engine Tests and Runups (Corner). U8-199. B Bobroci. J. T, IT'.: Otganitinf an Industrial Fire Prevention Program. 67-70. Bober. VP. C.: Train and Train Service Accident*. 395 398. Banquet. 27 32. Berber. Fouler: Ground Safety in Air Transport from the Passenger's Point of View, 181183. Berrttt. A. E.: Safeguarding Electrical Installations in Coal Mine# to Prevent Mine Pires, Ga* and Dust Ignition. 289-794 Beckwith, R. A.: Safe Use of Heavy Duty Equip ment on Construction Jobs, 306-309. Bennett. Dr. R. /..- Physical Pitneas, 440-445. Bennion, ^A. A.: What Get# Results in Safety. 3*|. 552. Benson, R. (7.: Practical Problems in the Develop menl of New Safety Clothing for Chemical md Other Industries, 248-233. ' Beryllium- New Challenges for the Industrial Hy gienist (Dortt, 76. Boilers: Inspection Procedure for Unfired Pressure Vessels and Controls (Dnggon), 33-97. 65? jlth Satioml Safety Congress, 1946 Safe Practice* in Steam Boikr Operation (Kubner), )0 4). Boiler* and Preature Vessels ^Minni U 4l. Bawdeu. ('.. 5.: A Review of 10 Years of Safety, *6| >44. Bawling, C. M.: Report of Secretary -New* Letter Ptiittyr, Steam Railroad Section, 104. Bradbwr, Arthur: The ('ante and Prevention of Haulage Accident*. 24ft 271. Braun, P. V'..- Analysis of Accident* in Paper and Palp Plant*. 49* 49*. Review of the 1945-1946 Paper and Pulp Accident Experience. 499-101. Bcearhmg Apparatus: Gat Chamber in Training in Use of Gas Mask. Panel Discussion, 444. . Teoting Retpuatory Protective Devices (Schrenk and PaarceJ, 14*5-152. Braeland, A. ST.: Accidental Ignition of Gat. 55V 555. . Beekm, C, G.: The Application of Job Instruction to the Safety Program, 245-247. Brebm, Dr. t. A.: Minimum Requirements for an Industrial Health Program. 71-75. Sanitation in the Pood Industry, 523-429. Budati, C- 0.: industrial Rehabilitation of Workers. ii6-uo. Brack, A. P.: Hoisting Rope Research in Ontario Mines. 474 479. flrovsr, //. P. and Kinit, G. M. : Pire Hazard* (A Demonstration), 70. Brawn/aw, James : The American Perforation of Labor and the Prevention of Induatrial Accident* and Diseases, 91-94. Bulletin Boards, See Posters; Visual Education. Brengemtatk. A. G.: Telling the Safety Story, 225 224 Burger, J, J.; Report of General Chairman of Textile Visual 1 dm alinn Safely 'Loot (Hoffman), > 1; 24-1 What the Safety Engineer Should Know About Mer ha rural E xh mil Veniilat ion (V' itheridge), 241-74? Chemical Section: Minutes. 2)9-21). Oripfleicneinr*g. 2R3e9.majks of General Chairman. 240-241. Chemical Waste Disposal Session, 43-33, Chemira/r: Acid Carrying Bottle. Panel Discussion, 407. Industrial Waste and Stream Pollution (f{eider), Ne1w2-1C1h. emical Developments Challenge the Indus trial Hygienist (Dart), 75-01. Utilization of Sulfite Waste Liquor in Germany (Saeman), 44-49Waste Sulfite l.iaunr Recovery (Sahnan). 43-46. See also Name 01 Chemical. Clothing: How to Sell Foremen and Workmen on Rubber Protective Equipment. Panel Discussion. Pra35c9tic. al Problems in the Development of New Safety Clothing for Chemical and Other fndui- tries (Benton), 248-23). Coal Mining. See Mining Industry. Coal Mining Section: Comments on ibe Activities nf the Coal Mining Section (XPaithei), 216-2)0. Minutes. 255-294. Officers, 213, Cobh, A. t..: Homemade Sound Pilmj snd Movie*. Color5s3:6 1P5r8a.ctical Problems in the Development of New Safety Clothing for Chemical and Other Industrie* (Benton). 250-251. Committees: Accident Prevention in the Manufactory ing Plants of Small Aircraft (Schrott), 172-I73* Separation of Bargaining and Safety Committee*. } Section, 6U. Burhent, B. If.? The Converted Safety Program. 149 171. I Burnell] Or. M. R. and Critter, Dr. O. L.: Safe Utilisation of Manpower: The Analysis of the Individual, 210-214. Burnt, Batil: Know-How f* Mot Enough. 145-54*. Burnt. C. P,; The Poremtn's Place in Safety, 438 439 Butlrr. G. IT. T.: FirrFigbting Aboard Ship--Ad vanced Training and Methods Developed Under War Impetus, 3*9.594. Button, A. P.: Grade Crowing Campaign, 394-191. Panel Discussion. 101-102. >! See also Maintaining Interest. ___ Compressed Air: Hydraulic Cylinder---Case HJtMff Analysis. Panel Discussion. 24. _- Coneuay. C. R.: Visual Aids in Industrial Training, 3 320 529- .i Conference of Federal Safety Engineer* Sewing.-) 17-38. . . _> Construction Industry: Accident Prevention--a * Time Fad? (\VbttUr), 3I3-5M. Employee Training vs. Construction Accld (Stmhower), )10-)I2. , Investigation of Actual Construction AcciihnU l Dramatization, 300-306. 1 Safe Use of Heavy Duty Equipment on C.onUrwP tion Jobs (Beckwith), 306-309. 4 Cadmium: Hazards Involved in Using Heat in Proc essing Metal (Cook), 216-217. New Challenge* (or the Industrial Hygienist (Dari), 74 77. Calendars. See Rubber Industry. Carbon Monoxide: Hazard* Involved in Using Heat in Processing Metal (Cook), 217-210. Cutter, R. B : The Hazard of Engine Tests and Runups. 190-199. Cement and Quarry Sections: Minutes, 229-237. Officers, 229. Cement Industry: Accident Experience in the Cement and Quarry Industries During the War Year* (Mayer), 230-2)2. Attacking the Severity Problem (1u Cart), 235 234. Incorporating Safety Into Production. Panel Dis cussion. 232-233. Management and Safety (Punderhurg), 236-237. Chemical Industry: The Alpha Chi Sigma Chemical Pratemitv Safety Program (Snell), 243-244. Design of a waste Disposal System (Letter), 49-12. The Importance of Proper Labels in Preventing Accidents (frith), 246-240. Inspection Procedure for Unfired Pressure Vessel* and Controls (Dufganf, 53 )7. Practical Prohlms in the Development of New Safety Clothing for Chemical and Other Indus tries (Benton). 240-213- Value of Advertising Safety Through the WhLyetteSraf(eGtyotfdosriinthte), C2o98ntr)a0c0t.or? (Dahfman), Ml.'. See also Cranes; Ropes. Construction Section: Minutes. 297-315. Officers, 297. Value of Construction News Letter* ( 298-300. Contests: Railroad Employees National Safety test 11m Pountaine), 584-505. The Safety Contest and ft* Value. Quiz Pm -a v*S )3i-3)3. Safety Contest* for Maintaining Interest. Disrusjion. 104-110. Conveyors: Conveyor Hazards in the Meat L Tanning and Leather Industrie*. Panel sinn. 407-409, 4l4 417. _ C00k. IT'. A. : Hazards Involved in Uafng I Processing Metal. 214-219. Coughlin. R. A.: The Safety Program in Arabia. 521-324. Cragmile. C. S.: The Safety Problem* of Plant. 4)1-432, Crane*: Crane Hazards in the Meat Packing 1 Panel Discussion, 414-418. Safe Use of Heavy Duty Equipment on tion Jobs (Beckwith). )06-)0v. Whirler Crane Accident--Case History Panel Discussion. 22-23. See also Ropes. Index 653 i.nney. Ur, O. L. and Burnell. Dr. ,1f R. Safe Utilization of Manpower: The Analysis of the Individual. 210-216. C.roktr, P. T. : Safe Open Hearth Operations 434 4,1 Culler, Dr. IT'. A.: Is Safety Your Business5 48' 487. Cyanide Hazards Involved in Using Heat in Process ing Metal (Cook). 216. Electfal IndiMfry, See Public Utilities. Electricity ( are and Maintenance 0/ Perinissihle Plecincal Mine Equipment (Gleitn), 20S-209 Elecint Shock as f'ause of Whirler Oane Accident - ^.ase History Analysis. Panel Discussion, 22 21 Electrical Repairs in the Packing Industry. Panel Dtscussinn. 417-410. High Frequency Heating (F^/faatea), 62 64. Identification v>( Voltage* on Power Pole I.inel. Panel Discussion, 160. D Inspection and Good Maintenance for Electrical equipment (XPalters), 19-62. Dahlmen. }. H.: Why Safety for the Contractor' 312 . D*t(. Dr. E. P..: New Challenge! for the Industrial Hygienist. 75-81. Dauion, IF'. S.: The Relationship Between Ground and Flight Safety, 189-192. Dearborn, N. 6-13. Good--But Not Good Enough, .Representing Organized Safety, 90-100. Dentistry in Industry. See Health Supervision. Dermatitis. See Health Hazards. Discipline: Handling Safety Rule Violation*. Panel Discussion, 613. Looking Ahead rn Safety (Petemelf), 293. _ Refusal of Employee* to Wear Safety Equipment. Panel Discussion, 444. See ilso Rules. Disinfectants: New Challenges for the Industrial Hygienist (Dart), 80. Dufui. U. ft.: How to U*e Visual Aids. H3-M6. Daatan. E. "Stop, Look and Live." Remarki on Presentation of Film, 606. Degtan, /. Inspection Procedure for Unfired Overcoming Employee Resistance to Covering the Secondary When Working a Primary, Panel Dis cussion. 360. Safeguarding Electrical Installation! in Coal Mine* to Prevent Mine Fire*. Gt* and (Barren), 289-294. Ignition T,m ,nd Specification' for Pl.mc Renting TraildiOjg Cables (tvGr'rifitf"ith*')/, 2a8w0a-2o8y). Textile nres---Their Prevention and Control (Shep herd). 631-632. Elevator*: Limit Switches on Hoists in the Meat Packing Industry. Panel DIocumIoo, 417. Employee Publication* Section: Minutes, 317)18. Officer*, )17. Employees' Meetings: Investigation of Actual Con struction Accidents. Dramatization, 302-304. Value of Informed Supervisory Personnel- Panel Discussion, 449. Employment. See Job Analysis; Personnel; Re habilitation Engineering Section. Ste ASSE-Engineering Section. Engineers: Federal Safety Council, 57-38. Is Safety Your Buainessr (Caller), 403-487. Pressure Vessels and Controls, ))-)7. Opening Remark* of General Chairman of Chess, __kal Section, 240-241. w**t: Air Contamination in Cotton Teitile Processes (Silverman), 623-624. Appraisal of Dust Exposure. Panel Diioitsion, 44C Dint Control--Atizona Mine* (Leak), 469 474. Dust Control in Mine* of the Ter>ne*see Copper Company (Seaman), 464-460. Du* Control in the Tri-State Mining District of Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri (Netseband), 464-466. Sat also Breathing Apparatus; Ventilation and Exhaust Systems. Owtaa. L. w,: Remark* at Steam Railroad Section. 303-104. Methods of Rating Progress ol Safety Work. <Juir Program, 3)9-341. Place on toe Staff of the Safety Min. Panel Dmussion, 36!. Qualifications of Safety Man. Panel Discussion. 3*9 360 The Safety Man (McCorkle), 4)9-440. Safety Should Be the Responsibility of the Line Rathet Than the Staff Organization. Debate, 418 427. Exhaust Systems, See Ventilation and Exhaust Sys tems Executives, See Management Exhibits. See F.xhibrton; Visual Education Exhibitors: Safety Exposition Exhibitors. 645 649. Explosives: Accident Prevention in Geophysical Ex ploration limit). 311-517. Hazard* in Blasting Hang-Up* in Metal Mine* (F.iiena(h). 416. Wty Morning Classes, 121 14). oanomks of Safety: Allocation of Injury Costs (Sepalweda/. 374 )75. Conveyor Accident Cost. Panel Discussion. 400. Initiation ol the Safety Exchange as It Applies Eye* Plastic Eye Protector* (ReitheideAer). U) U4. Vision and Industrial Accident* (Tiffin), 560, See also Goggles; Rehabilitation. to Methods. Statistic*. Guards, ( ate Histories (Jabeton), 167. Factors Contributing to the Coat of Accidents. 17 19. ; the Importance of Safety in Aviation at Anplied to Manufacturing, Plying, Economics and Recon- , v*t0A fPrr), 107-100. . . tocarporatmg Safety into Production. Panel Pis ' 232-2)1. tortigation of Actual Construction Accidents. , Dvosatization, 300-302. Uwtof in Relation to Other Management Functions fHankordth 494 498. My Should Be the Responsibility of the Line Ratter Than the Staff Organization. ITebate. M2). . />)r,'r^>'r8"; so"f ,h<" u. s. rvp^.irtmenf of Labor Fall*. See Specific Industry. Faulkner, ).. A.: Engineering Method* Used to Pre vent Power Press Accidents. 5)3-538. Pederil Government, See Safety Movement--U. S- Government. Peinbert, Dr. Richard: Some Thing* the Nurse Need* to Know About Induatrial Relation*. 361 -363. . Films. See Visual Education. Pir Prevention Session. 6'-70. Fire Protection: Accidental Ignition of G (B<eeland). 113-111. Pire Control in Pulpsvood Logging Operation* (Ntltonl. 487 491 Pire Pighfing Aboard Ship--Advanced Training and MIfleoth1o9d4*. Developed Under War Impetu* (Butler), ov.l Wwowr*kmmean. >See Ttrraainl ing. IV. D. C.: Pint Aid in the Woods. 42 49t. B. Safety Equipment and Mefhotli 17**( > Climax Molybdenum Company, 41) 417. Hazards Session. 39-64. Pire Hazard*. A Demon It r a t i on (Kintt and Broune). 70. The Ground Safety Program of Our Airline I McCollum), 179-100. Organizing an Induftrial Pire Protection Program I Babcock). 67-70. 654 ,14th National Safety Congress, 1946 Outstanding Pire Ciuies and lwnt They Teach (Ahern). 6* 67 Safeguarding Electrical Installations in foal Mines to Prevent Mine Pire*. Ga* and Putt Ignition (Harrell), 29 ?94 Teitile Fire* Theit Prevention and Control (Shep herd), 630634. Pirtt Aid' Pirat Aid in the Wood* /Pin/*). 49? 4Q*. Post Atd Program in Public Service ( ompany /Bowden). *61 *64. S* l*< Health Supervision : Nurse* Flammable liquid* Health Cnallengey in the Plastics and Rubber Industrie* (Pari). 7 RO Floor* Oifv Floor--(ae History Analysis Fane! Drscunkto 7) 24. Removal of Grease Prom Fnginehnuse Ploors. Panel Discusaton. 6! 1-412. Safe Walkway Surfaces (Sigler and MePhtnon), 119 161 See alto Housekeeping. Pood Industry. Back Sprain* and Strain* (Stark). HI 32V Safety Information Please Quiz Program, 329-341, Sanitation in the Food Industry (Breh'm), 121 329. Pood Section: Minute*, 419 I4t Ofbceri. 519 420. Foremen- The Employee'* New Job I* Our Job Panel Diacuation and IVmonsttation. 441 4MV A Few of the War'* Leivms on Indu*trial Safety (TtUiami). 376-5*0. The Foreman'* Place in Safety (Barrii), 4411 459. Investigation of Actual f nn*tructioo Accident*. Dramatization, 492-504. Making the Foreman Reality Hi* Re*ponibility for Safe Practice* Panel Pi*cuiinn 447-448. Mean* of Informing Poremen. Panel Diseuttion, 444. Principles of (Accident Prevention (Kunkle). 777. Problem* of J Present Day Management (Hytlop). 2(41 264. ,, Safetv Should Be the Responsihiltty of the Line Rather Than the Staff Organization. Debate, 418-477. Usurping the Poreman'i Authority. Panel Dis- rution, 450. See *l*o Training Foundries. S Metal Industries Freeman R. B.: Progre** in Fduration at It Concern* Industrial Nursing. 4*4 4*0 Fume*. See Breathing Apparatu*; Gases; Ventilation and Fahau*t System*. Pmmderhifg. I. M. Management and Safety. 246-757. Joint ( urnmiffee on Grade Crossing Protecfton (Heilman), 192-594. Gr/df IT. J. Management * Responsibility in the Foundry Program, 442 444. Grtinunnd, G. IT. Power Pre* Accident Fact*, 144-*41. Griffith. F. P..: Te*tma and Specification* for Plame- Resistmg Trailing Cable*. 280-285. Groin *414/. Gen. R : Atomic Energy- a New Safety Problem. 10-12. Preliminary Remark* at Banquet. 27-29 H llaardt VC. IP'.,- United for Safetyf 626 629. Handicapped Worker*. See Rehabilitation. Handling Material: Mechanical Handling of Mate rial* a* a Mean* of Preventing Injuries. Panel Discussion. 404 4>8. Pneumatic Salt Unloading Device. Panel Discus sion. 415. The Problem of Manual Handling of Material and What Is Being Done About It (Thornton), 582 184. Safety Education - Manual Material Handling (Norditrom), 580-581. Transfer of Large Steel Plates--Case History Analy* *>s. Panel Dtsomion. 20-21See also Conveyors - Crane*: Lifting; Trucks. Hansen. Dr. 7'. i,..- Report of the Health Committee of Steam Railroad Section, 586-588. Hazard. IT. (..* What Management Want* in the Plant Medical Program. 551-314. . Head Protection. See Breathing Apparatus; Clothing; HealGthogHgalex*ards: Back Sprain* and Strains (Stark), 521 .423Cleanliness in the Prevention of Dermatitis. Pane* Discusjion, 449-440. Cotton Textile Industry Health Haxards (Sifm** man). 619. Health Hazard* or the Railroad Employee -Revolt of the Health Commrttee (Hanten), 586-588, Hazards Involved in Using Heat in Process** NeMweCtahl a(lClenogoek*). fo2r16the21I9ndustrial Hygienist (Omi) 75-81. Physical Fitness <Brnn*tt). 440-443Sanitation in the Food Industry (Brehm), 5H-MF* What Are Compensable Accidents? (Heir**)* 568 574. Health Supervision: Back Injuries. Quiz Pro G Garkmlt. 9'. C, Remarks by Retiring General Chair man of Marine Section, 407. Report ob General. Chairman of Marine Section. 574-574. Gas Industry. See Public Utilities. Gate*'. Accidental Ignition of Ga* (Bretland), 554 114. Care snd Maintenance of Permissible Fleetrie#l Mine Equipment (Gltim), 281-289, Use of Non Sparking Tool* Around Ga* Plant or Gas Pistrihufion. Pane) Picu*irr). i6fl See also Breathing Apparatu*; Specific G*; Ven tilation and Exhaust System*. Gtbian. /, 9-'. The Viewpoint of the U. S IV partment nf Labor, 81-91. Gltim. B. J.: Care and Maintenance of Petmi**ible Electrical Mine Equipment. 78* 289 Goggles: Goggles in the Construction Industry (Beekwith). 409. Plastic Eye Protectors (Re/eheld/rfer), II3-IJ4. Protection of Goggle* Irom Welding Spark* Panel Discussion, 446-447. Gnldttrm*, B. N-: Value nl Advertising Safety Through the News Letter, 298-400. Grade Crossings: Grade Crossing and Trespanloi Program (liefman). 188 *Qo. Grade Crossing Campaign (Button), 594 495. Co3m3p7a-4n3y8. Distribution of Vitamin*. Panel fussinn, 444-445. Minimum Requirement for an Industrial Program (Brehm), 71 74. The Nurse in the Industrial Hygiene and tion Program (Mon*/, 446-351. , Plan* for Employee Health Supervisro*!. Program. 3"-337. Sanitation in the Food Industry (Brehm), What Management Wants in the Plant Program (Hazard), 341-314. See also First Aid; Nurses; Physical 6 Heidrr, R. W. .* Industrial Waste and SttnA tion. 52-41. Heilman. L. C.: Joint Committee on Grad* 0 Protection, 59? 594. ( Htiiler. If*. F.: Fmployee and Supervisory and ft* Relation to Safety. *64-565. Helmets. See Breathing Apparatus. Hemron, 9'. C. 1..: Some Considerttfc*** li of Fxhamt Systems, 81 84. Hernia: Compensation for Hernia* (H* Hoffman. I. ).. Visual Education it I S 242 244. Hoffman, L. B.: Grade Crossing *a4 Program. 588-190. ^ Opening Remarks at Steam Railro*4 *' SR?. Moists. See Chain*; Cranes; Rope. Index 655 Holden. (.up!. F.. C\, Jr.: Introductory Remark* to Ship Operator* Session, 385-386. Housekeeping: How to Get Operator* to Keep Ma chine* Clean. Panel Discussion. 448 449 How to Stimulate Good Housekeeping. Quiz Program. 140 Safety Through Good Housekeeping. Panel Dis cussion. 6J2. Hsifflp, : Problems nf Present Day Manage m<nt, 261 764. Hjihip, ( l Management'* Gain From * Good Accident Prevention Program. 674 676. and the Prevention of Industrial Accidents and Disease ( Brcu nlou ). 91-94. Labor's Place in Safety /Kumpel). 94 96 Representing Management (V'oit), 96 98 Representing Organized Safety (Dearborn), 98-100, Ten Points of Safety Agreea Upon by Labor and Management. 102. United mu Safety (HaarJt). 626 629. United for Safety (Slandl), 629 630. f he Viewpoint of the U. 5. Department of Labor t Gibton), fl * 9 |. fjt Toantaine. Report of Contest Committee. Steam Railroad Serfion, *84 *81. I Ice. See Refrigeration. Imlt, J. f.: Accident Prevention in Geophysical F.xploc*tion. 511-417. Indium: New Challenges for the Industrial Hy gienist /Part), 77. Industrial Health Session, 71-84. Industrial Nursing Section: Minutes, 441 470. Officers, 141. Industrial Relations. See Committee*; Health Super vision : Personnel. Inipeition: Failure of Chain on Automatic Plate Clamp- Case History Analysis. Panel Discus sion. 20 71 Inspection and (rood Maintenance for Electrical Equipment (Wallfn), 59 62. Inspection of Track Motor Cars Panel Discussion. 611. and Controls (Patman). 33-57. IftTtttrgihmi of Actual Construction Accident*. Dramatization, 104 306. TV Objest* of Department Inspection Panel Discussion, 444. Report of Visual Education Committee. Steam Radmad Settmn. 'iR* Sg6 /jittauzta .1 I High Frequency Heating, 62-64. lead: Hazard* Insolved in Using Heat in Pmce**ing Metal (Coni). 2t8 219 Leather Inditstrie* Serttrm. See Meat Packing. Tanning and Leather Industrie* Section l.eJfrer, }fomt Management and Safety. 192-194. lie. D M What Price Safety. I4-|6 (re. Dr I. I Speaking Straight - Thinking Straight. 121 141. I.e Gore I F Attacking the Severity Problem. 711 716. Leitt'. R F. IV*igo of a Waite Pi*pn*al System. 49 *2 Lifting: Compensation for Injuries ( aused by Lifting /Nehon). *70 *71. The Problem of Manual Handling of Material and What Is Being IVne About It (Ihnmi/in). Standard* for Weight l.ifpng by Women Program. 334 Quiz Linemen. See Public Utilities loading and Unloading. See Handling Material logging- Analyst* of Accidents Plant* (Braun). |98 499. in Paper and Pulp estigation of Accidents: Investigation nf Actual Construction Accident*. Diamatization, 300-306. M*thods of Accident Investigation by Utilities. Panel Discussion. 161. ha Post-War. What Can Be Done to Bring 'Dosrn the Trend of Accidents' /Mirn) *24 *28 ., D. D.. The Importance nf Finpet labels in Preventing Accidents. 246 248 Fof <nt>id m Pulpwood Logging Opera ( Ne/n>n), 48 7 4o I Futt A*d m the Womls (P.iie)e). 492 495 I* Safety Your Business' K uiier). 48* 487 Re\sew "( the l<>4^ *^>4G Paper and Pulp Aid Experience (B<aun) 499 *ni `sa(feMtyfinhn aRt eJlal)ti>*n'>(f>4*Jt8vyher Management Funti Lvpe and C u\e* >( Asiulents in Wood Mani luring (Keoun) 6tr. 618, 641 Analysis: Job Analysis nf Unskilled Labor Panel Discussion. 446 I ong f F Rep**tt id ( l-iiimin of the Member hip (ommittee of Steam Railroad Seslion. *88 / oni ,1 f) I tiist ( ontud Ai'7>na Mine* 36<> < '4 ifc Utilization nf MaftfnwtT--Job Analysts (Mm). >97210 ___L__B_.: iE-iviaiuluiaiituioini on)f itnhe >Saatfeety Exchange It AIpnpnlileusi to wM_e*thLo. dts. . rS-ta.t.is.tic ^ . r Histones. 164-169. E.: What a Safety Engineer Needs n About Saw* and Cutters, 641 644 E.: The Importance of Education m Re Coal Mining Accident*. 258 261. ,11(.4IiJ/<5s ||6/ H. `Gle Employment nf the Blind, Mt( he>ney W" ) Miscellaneous Press Room Arcuienr Fasts. *41 14 t Ale6 o)/um. F. The Ciround Safety Program of Our Airline. I '6 180. AlrCoii/e. H. // The Safety Man. 439 440 M.: Types and Causes of Accident* in ^Manufacturing, 636-641, *, 1MU.:H3Greetings from the Safety Section, M, tad Browne. H. P. -- F<r< Hazard* - :Oration). 70. H5.1:41S.afe Practices in Steam Ruder -- Labor s Plaie in Safety. 94 <H< 0..- Principles of Accident Pmention. All kinzte. <. L' New Tool* for Maintaining lnteiesf m Accident Prevention, 101 104. MtPhfiion A T. and .\/g/ee. P. A. ~ Safe Vl'alkway Surface*. 119 161. Machine Shop Section. See Automotive and Machine Simp Section. Mailathlan. V il/t Industrial Nursing, 344-146 Magnesium New Challenge* for the Industrial Hy gienist (Pari) 77 Maintaining Inteiest Departmental Safety Standing* ( hart t Mr(.nrk/e) Ho Maintaining Interest Panel Discussion. 104 in. New I onl* for Maintaining Interest m Accident Prevention (McKenzie), 103 104. Msintainmg Interest Session, lot I l t Maintenance Bonus Work Versus Maintenance and Repair Panel Discussion. 44* Session. 81-102. TV American Federation of Labor Dispiuh and Operation of Track Motor Cars. Panel Disc us*i>>n. 0 10 6)1 Handling sion, 61 *. Rule Vudat-on-, Panel Discus 1-lt/i Xational Safety Congress, 1946 Safe Pra<n<e Steal Mmi lr r (>pe ji i< t K 'i 6 n > \n 4t P'/re P T The Importance nf Safety in Avi.iiu.n I Applied to Manot t lining, Hying, fmnnmn5 and Reconversion 18' lm*> Prise*. See Congests; Rewards Production: Bonus Work Veru* Maintenance amt Repair. P**l Discussion 447. Incorporating Safety lot" Pmductii Panel l >. evasion, 232 237 Psychology, See Persons! Parlors Public Safety: (inod- But Not Good Enough fUe.n born). 6 13 Public Speaking' Speaking Straight Thinking Straight {L**>. J2I-14V Public Utilities: Accidental Ignition of (.as (B> tt land) 773 ns Control of Unsafe Work Practices (Agar). "A "8 Fmployre and Supervisory Training and Its Relation to Safety (HutlirJ, 364-367 ^ A Review of 18 Years of Safety (Boudtn) 'Al *64 Statistical Report fT bomtnn). "8 770 What Get* Results in Safety fBtnni^nf. 371 772 What's Your Problem. Panel Dnimiin'i, ttotr.i Public Utilities Section Minutes *<> tos Othcers. 74> "t Publicity. See Maintaining Interest. PuMers; Visu.il Education Quarry Industry: Accident Paperienre in the foment and Quarry Industries During the War Years (Moytr), 2^0 232. Attacking the Severity Problem (If Gon). 237-236. Incorporating Safety Into Production Panel Dis Mission. P32-237. Management and Safety ( Fundtrburg |. ?7A ?37 Quarry Section, See Cement and Quarry Section Railroads: Dispatch and Operation of Track Motor Cars Panel Discussion. AI0-6II The Grade Crossing and Trespassing Campaign fTuylo*). 790 792 Grade Crossing Campaign (Hutton), 394-391. Health Hazards of the Railroad Employee Report of the Health Committee (Hamm). IRA-788 Joint Committee on tirade Crossing Protection fHfilmais), 392-394. "Men and Motive Power." Sound Slide Pilm. AlA. Non Train Accidents (Akin). 607-609. Non Tram Acndrnls Panel Discussion, 600 6l6 "Stop. Look and Live" Remarks on Presentation of Pilm. 606. Tool for Closing Hopper Car Doors. Panel Dis Cussinn 617-616. Train and Train Service Accidents (Babtr). 797-798. Train and Train Service Accidents. Panel Discus sion. 398 606. Use of Passageway from Deck to Running Board of Locomotive Panel Discussion. AH. Refrigeration: Plectric Shock Due to Faulty Float "aae History Analysis Panel Discussion. 2'. Rehabilitation Industrial Rehahilitatnn of Workers (Bndpt,) 116-120. Rehabil dating the Injured Worker The Nurse's Role (Tmylor), 310-361 Safe Employment of the Blind fMrdvfay). |t(i Safe Utilization -of Manpower job Analysis (Mtft). 209-210 Swinging Into Step. Morion Picture. 216. See also Personnel Rehabilitation Session, 113-120 Rtuhtldtrfar. C. A.: Plastic Eye Protectors. IIJ 114. ReafMratocy Igairawnt, See TWeathiog Apparatus ti^ iai*i)in Csaojags f**w tSa Saferv Section ' ' '43 *i i fet y Should Be the Responsibility of the f ine Hither I ban the Stall Organization. Debate. I IM I." See alo. Engineers; Poremen ; Management Rewards: Individual Prizes for Safety Records Panel Discussion. T I s Piesentat un of Distinguished Service to Safety Awam to Manhattan District (Smith). 29 Riiha'dion. f. K.: Progress of Metal Mine Safety. 437-439. Rope Hoisting Rope Research in Ontario Mines f fhoiM. 473 479 Rubber Industry: New Challenges for the Industrial Hyprentit fDa't)- 7V HO Prevention nf Windup Accidents (Srhnndfr), '73 7*13 Vision and Industrial Accidents (Tiffin) 'Aft What Are ( ompensable Accidents^ (Nrhnn), 'AR 374 Rubber Protective Equipment' How to Sell Foremen and Workmen on Rubber Protective Equipment. Panel Discussion 339 Rubber Section: Minutes, 767-778 Othrefs. 3A7. Rules: Enforcement of Safety Rules. Panel Discus sion, 446, 447. Handling Safety Rule Violations Panel Discussion, At 3. Necessity for Understanding and Observance of Rules (Baktr). 396-398. Rule Books for Tram Service Employees Panel Discussion. 79R-6O6 Safety Rule Books for Maintaining Interest. Panel Discussion. 103 T06. 107. 109-110. Su/man. /. f.: Utilization of Sulfite Waste La m Germany. 4A 49. , Safety Directors. See Engineers. Safety Equipment, See Breathing Appaiatus; CtatW1 mg ; Goggles; Rubber Protective Equipment. ' Safety Movement: Good But Not (mod Fno4 I Dearborn ). Alt. Representing Organized Safety (Dtarbom), 98-t' What Price Safety (l**). 14-16. Safety Movement -Foreign: The Safety Program Saudi Arabia (CoupNtn), 321 324. Safety Movement \I. S. Government: Federal Council. 37-38 The Viewpoint of the U. S Department of (Gib,on), 83-91. Sahtitn, } R.: Waste Sulfite l.iquor Recovery, 46. Sanitation: The Nurse in the Tndustrial Hr*** Sanitation Program (Mont), 346-331. Sanitation in the Food industry (Bubm), MJ'Wfc-' Sawmills. See Logging. Saws: What a Safety Enioeer Needs tn Know Saws and Cutters (fonts), 641-644. Saxe, ). H.: Value of Ventilation Survey* ScAncrdcf, IT'. ,.Prevention of Windup 373-378. , Sthrtnk. H. ft. and Ptnnt. $. /. .* Testing tory Protective Devices, 143-132. ^ Srfirotr. /. f).; Accident Prevention in the _ facturing Plants of Small Aircraft. 171-179. Stsmmn. C. F.: Dust Control in Mine* of dc nessee Copper Company. 466-468. _-v Selenium: New Challenges for the fndaatvlM gienist (Dort), 78. * Selling Safety: New Tonis for Maintain in Accident Prevention (MtKtniit). Semhawer. /, P.. Employee Training *. tioo Accidents. 3JO-312. Sfpnli fJa, R. N.: Allocation of Injury 373. Stttle, /. O.: The Importance of Safaty M Contractors. 317-320. _, Sbephea^J, C*mmo. H. C.: TW Meeuarfl^' 'ymtwa by Vn ^ P-acacesk 3H^j4P 3-*iU<rr^W S V *" ' llult'Y 659 Slonyards, ''cr Marine Industry S'K'f'. r .3 and MfPhtrton. A. 7 . Safe Walkmjv Surfacev 170 l6l Signs: Reflective Signs for Mine Haulage Sa(et>(P.i,tna(b). 434-433. Simonch R. ff. : Factor* Contributing to the ( <><r of Accident*^ 17-19. Sihtrtnnn, l.ttht' Air Contamination in Cotton Tutile PriKesses. 623-624. Smaller Plants: Hourly Nursing for Small Industries Panel Discussion. 363-370. The Safety Problems of a Small Plant (Ctni%mtlt) 431 432. SmUb, T P Presentation nf Distinguished Service to Safety Award to Manhattan District. 29 Report of the f hairman of the Board of Director 3.3. \ntti. Af A The Alpha Chi Sigma Chemical Fra fernrlv Safety Program. 243-2(6 Solvents- Health Challenges in the plastics and Rub ber Industries (Dart), 79-80 Speaking Straight-Thinking Straight Sessions. I?t 143. 5f*r|, Dr, /. K.: Back Sprains and Strains, 321 327 Ifaa/f. Pai United for Safety, 629 630. Steam Railroad Section: Grade Crossing and Tres passing Program (Hoffman), 7gg son Minutes. 379-616. Officers. 339-380. Opening Remarks of Vice Chaismao. 381 382 Remarks hy Staff Representative (Dutton). 7g3 781 Re3p8o7r.t nf Contest Committee fLa Fountain?). '81 Report of Health Committee fHsmtm). 786-788 Report of Membership Committee il.<*n%), 788. Report of Secretary--New* Letter Editor (Booling.) ; 384. Report nf Visual Education Committee (1* foun a.. Umt)` 783-786 , ` "Rliition Systems: Suggeation Systems for Maintain iftg Interest. Panel Discussion, 110 1II. jWwe: Utilization of Sulfite Waste I.iquof in Cer S. many (Satman). 46-49. *8 Sulfite Liquor Recovery (Salt-tun), 43 4<sMtfldenis, See Management. viors. See Engineers; Foremen. T....U ''vstem In I ools P^iiel i > Pi<.>.fni"n <\f Discharge of Pneumatic Hammers Panel Discussion, 614 Use of Non-Sprking Tools Around Gas Plant or Gas Distribution. Panel Di*cu*ion, 3A0 9ee also Housekeeping Training: The Application of Job Instruction to the Safety Program (Brrbm). 263 267. Educational and Training Methods (Woodward! 339-74t Fmrlbyee and Supervisory Training and fis Rela (ion to Safety (Htiilvl. 364-767 * Fmployee Training vs Construction Accidents tSrmhourr). 710 3J2. The Importance of Education in Reducing Coal Mining Accidents (jonei). ?'R ?6l. Individu.il nr Group Safety Instruction Quit Pro gram. 338 330 Know How I* Not Enough (Burnt). 743 748 Safety Education -- Manual Material Handling (Norjurom). 380-381. Training nf Train Service Personnel. Panel Dis cussinn. 798-606. Training the New Man at Clima* Molybdenum Company (P.ntno(b), 4'7. Visual Aids in Industrial Training (Contuail 728 729. Visual Education * a Safety Tool (Hoffman), 212 241 See also Visual Education Tttnssitions: Use. XI. Traverr. / //, longshore Aecidenr Classification Code. 397.402. Trespassing. See Railroads Trucks- Industrial Truck Speed*. Panel Discussion. 406. Lift Trucks for Handling Drums of Chemicals Panel Discussion, 413. Lift Trucks for Handling Hide*. Panel Discussion 411. 413 414. Lubrication fVvice Panel Discussion, 414. Non Skid Tire* for Power Truck* Panel Discus sion. 41 >. Scoop Equipment Truck for Unloading Cars. Panel Discussion, 4 11. 412 41' See also Handling Material Tuentr, folk - The Specificafions frr Ground Mam teoance Equipment, 196 1's -- Jsmti Management's Responsibility in the k Ateident Preventuvn Program. 707 707. -nafcr Gassing and Degassing of Airplanes (AnJerv "* 197-196 Section, See Meat Packing. Tanning and -ier Industries Section Matjortr- Rehabilitating the Injured Worker t Nurse s R*de. 379 361. % C*pi- R. 1. . Grade Crossing *nd Trespass Ompaign. 390 392. Health .Supervision. nd Telegraph: Control of Unsafe Work Jice* (At.ai). 776-318. Safetv Equipment Session, 141-132. *yi L**d: 'wVirte Clothing for Tetraethyl lead J*t* (Htnoinl, 231, Industry: Air Contamination in Cotton Tevtde KVWH (\t)i frmran). 618-624. -,4's (Um From * Good Accident Pre -J Program (fit,lap). 624 626 Fiat*--Their Prevent**** and Control >. 639434 la* Safetv <Huanh) 6?6 6to hr hfetr (Stood*). 629440 hw: Mimtfrs. 6?74>417 tGaacrai Guvau* (Burf**) At* V.- TW Bufkau o4 Maaul Hat* 3M87aW38n4al amd VW Is Arms fVr iA. .3;38S-3ta39lr.Wial Rmri o/ Pfeddw I nf, Fmim and fadwatrul Acmirot*. v> u Ultraviolet Rays' Harmful Faposuie to Ultraviolet Rays Quiz Program, 339, United States Military Services Accident Prevention a War-Time Pad> (Wbttltr), 3IJ-317. Foe Fighting Aboard Shm Advanced Training and Methods Developed l/ndec Was Impetus (But ier). 389-394. Ground Safety in the Air Trnport Command (Wt/ltl, 183-183. The Necessity for Cooperation by Steamship Man agement for Safe Practices (SbtpbtarJ), 386 38*> Urban. F.. C. I : Dust Control Practice* in the Underground Iron-Ore Mines of the Lake Superior District. 479 464. Vj-ialdemsifnflt tNDe*wri> Ch~8allenge* f (he Iwhsiiul |h Venereal Dneawt See HrtMi Soprr*i* Venfilafion 'and fifurt SiWlti A* rmfirwitn" n Cortoo Testiie Prurva-- % (Srhf^mumt AlfA2 Dot Cnorrsd--Antons Mae* (Loobt. 469 4"* Dew f/enJ ^nacr z* m the I ' ilri irvesd 1-m- Or Mm ot the Lake Snperaer Oserwr 'U'b**/ limmmtnm of Dot m Genrfar* inf Veshr Drfts (Eitrumb). 4>^-417 Hazard* fgvsafsed 1'tMg Heat i Me?aJ (Cook) 216 ?! 656 )///; .X aliamil Safely Congress, 1946 Imlr v 657 l.ifeiaving Equipment E *i Budge WorVrM Panel Dm union, 6i? r,n Mechanical Truck for Plant Repair Work. Panel Diaomton. 407. Method* of Informing Scattered Se< tton f.re of Safety Menage* Panel Diuunmn, fill Ml . Non-Train Accident* (Attn), 607-600 Removal of Grease Prom Engmehonse Ploors Panel Diactmmn. 6ll (>\2 Safe Maintenance of He>tncal Equipment in the Packing Induatry Panel l h*< <>55.0". 4f'4t0 Safety Through (mod Hnusekeepcng Panel D ruinon, 612. Man agemrnt The Ameruan Federation of labor and the Prevention of Industrial Ac<ident* and Dneaae / Brownlow). 91 o| How Management Can Show Interest in Accident Prevention. Panel Diactmmn, 760 f.ahot'i Place in Safety (Kumpe/f. 94 06 Management and Safety 6f'underhurg). 236 21'V Management and Safety (ledergr). 192 194. Management'* Gain From a Good Accident Pre vent ion Program (Hyslup), 6 24 626 Management'* Rexponsibility in the Accident Pre vention Program (Tanham). 307.307. Management'* Responsibility in the Foundry Pro gram (Grade). 432 434 The Nece**ty fot Cooperation hy Steamship Man agement for Safe Practice* (Shepheard). 386-389. Organizing an Industrial Fire Prevention Program (Babtotk). 67-70. Problem* ol Prent Day Management (Htilop). 761.261. Representing Management (I'oit). 06 OR Ten Point* of Safety Agreed Upon by labor and Management. 102. United for Safety (Haardt). 626.6?0. United (of Safety (Staudtl. 620-610. The Viewflzmf of the IE S. Department of Labor (Gibton)[ 87 91. Wnat Management Want* in the Plant Medical Program (Hazard), 371-374. Marine Industry: Allocation of fnjiiry Co*t (Sepuf- rtda), 174177. A Pew of the War'* I e**on* on Industrial Safety (Williams). 176 100 Fire-Fighting Aboard Ship Advanced Training and Method* Developed Undet War Impetus (Butler). 5*9 104. Introductory Remark* to Ship Operation* Se**inn (Holden), 187 186. Longshore Accident Clarification Code (Trarert). 3*3 402 , , The Nece**ity for Cooperation by Steirmhip Man agement for Safe Practice* (Shepheard). 186-180 The Problem of Manual Handling of Material and What Is Being Done About It (Thornton). 187 184. Safety Education Manual Material Handling (Nordstrom), 380-381 Marine Section: Minote*. 171-402. Officer*. !T| 172. Remark* by Retiring Genera! Chairmen (Garbmtt), 402. Report of General Chairman (Garhuit). 171-17-1. Meat Packing Industry: Mechanical Handling of Material* aa a Mean* of Preventing Iniurie*. Panel Diactmmn, 404-418. Safety Should Be the Re*pon*ihility of the T.ine Rather Than the Staff Organization Debate, 4|8 <27 Meat Packing. Ta nning and leather fndu*trie* Sec tion Minute*. 401 4J7 Officer*. 401. Memhsrdt. ]. W : Safety in Relation In Other Man agement Punctilio*, -too 198. Metal Industrie* The Employee'* New fob I* Our Job. Panel Discussion and Demonstration. 441 470. The Foreman'* Place in Safety (Barrii). 438 47'> Fundamental* of Safety. Round Table Di*cu**inn, 220-228. Hazard* Involved in Using Heal in Proce**ing Metal (Cook). 216-210 I l>e Machining of Catling* (fX'nndlty) 41' 4*8 Management'* Re*pon*ihility in the Foundry Pro gram iGrrJt), 417-414 New Challenges for the Industrial Hygienist (Part). 76-79. 80. Occupational Hazards in Metal Processing: Con trol of Air Movement (Withendge). 21" 770 Physical Pitne** (Bennett), 440 441. Safe Open Hearth Operation* (Croke*). 414 417. Safe Utilization ni Manpower -- Job Analyiii (Alert \. 707 2 10. The Safety Man (MiCorkh), 419 440. The Safety Problems of a Small Plant ((.raigmife f. 111 412. See also Power Presses Metals Section: Minutes. 479-470. Officers, 429-430. Aim, C. ft.: Safe Utilization of Manpower -- Job Anjfy*i*, 207-210. Miller, E, P.: Safe Timbering of Working Place* in Mobile Loading. 273 780 Mining Industry: Advancements in Health and Safety Resultin'* from Long Hole Blasting at the Holden Mine (Naughten), 480-482. _ The Application ol Job Instruction to the Safe*? Program (Brthm). 267-267. Care and Maintenance of Permisiible Electrical Mine Equipment (Gleim). 287-289. The Cause and Prevention of Haulage Accident* (Bradbury), 268-273. Dust Control--Arizona Mine* (I.ook), 469 474. Dust Control in Mine* of the Tennessee C.oppel Company (Seaman), 466-468. Dust Control in the Tri-State Mining District m Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri (Netztbaad). 464-466. Dust Control Practices in the Underground Iro#* Past President*. X Report of the C hairman of the Board of Director* (Smith). VS. Trustee*. 1V-VI. Nex/ihren. /. / . Advancements in Health #nd Stfety Resulting from Long Hole Blasting at the Holden Mme. 480 482. Ntltfin. A. If'., Jr. : Pre Control in Pulpwood Log gmg Operation*. 487-491. Ifarty \\ fiat Are Cnmpemahle Accident** *^8-174 Nttithend. P. P Du*t Control in the Trt State Mining Di*tri<t nf Oklahoma. K*n*a< *nd Mmouii. 464-466. New Fmnlnyee*. .See Job Analy*i*; Personnel; Phv*' ral Eiamination*; Training. Nrtiou* Ovide- Deterioration of Insulating Material' in Contactor Boxes (Glum). 287 288 NrJnrr>m. If. J. Safety Education--Manna I Mate riil Handling, 380-381. Nurses: Hourly Nursing for Small Industrie* Panel ' Discussion. 163-370. Indmtrial Nursing (Metlathlan). 344-146. The Nurse in the Industrial Hygiene and Smi tat inn Program (Morse), 346-371. Progress in Education as It Concerns Industrial Nur*ing (Freemen), 374-379. Rehabilitating the Injured Worker --The Nurse* Role (Taylor). 379-361. Some Thing* the Nurse Needs to Know Ahout Industrial Relations (Frinberg). 16l 161. Whit Management Wants in the Plant Medical Program (Hazard). 37|-374. 3*e also First Aid ; Health Supervision wnet Session. See Industrial Nursing Session Is Safety Ynnr Business? ((.utter). 407-487. Review of the 194* 1946 Paper and Pulp Accident Experience (Braun). 499-701. Safety in Relation to Other Management Functions (Memhards). 496 498 Utilization of Sulfite Waste liquor in Germany (Sarmart). 46 49. Waste Sulfite Liquor Recovery (Satreien) 43-46. P/ane. S / and Srhtenk. H. ft.: Testing Respirt t.uy Pmteitive Device*. 14* 172. Personal Factor'' Control of Unsafe Wntk Practice* (Aear) "6 778 The Converted Safety Program (Barborst), 169-171. Examination of Employees for Fmofional Stability Quiz Program ill 114. Improving the Employee's Genera! Attitude. Panel Discussion. 44" Investigation of Actual f nnstrnrtinn Accident*. Dramatization 104 106 l ooking Ahead in Safety (Prirmell), 294-296 Presentation of Safety Program to Workers (Bow den). *61 The Relationship Between Ground and Flight Safety (Oau-<nn) 109 192. Telling the Safety Stnrv (Bungtmtotk). 221 226. Treatment nf the Aceiaent Repeater. Panel Dis cussion 447 Personal Protective Equipment. See Breathing Appa ratus ; ( lothmg : Goggles ; Rubber Protective Fquinment Personnel' Examination nf Employee* for Emotional Stability Quiz Program, 733-H4 Safe Utilization of Manpower- The Analysis nf the Individual (Cr/ttev and Burnell). 210-216. Pefemell f I Looking Ahead in Safety, ?94-?06. Petroleum Industry Accident Prevention in Geophysi- Ose Mine* of the Lake Superior District (Urban), <al Exploration (Imle) 7JI-717 479 464. Hoisting Rope Research in Ontario Mines (Brnebfu^ *$IA9ationa1 Diseases. See Health Hazard* 474-479. . > -/ The Importance of Education in Reducing Acrident* Off the Job Safety Plan* Panel Discussion 44*. Mining Accidents (font!), 278-261. Looking Ahead in Safety (Peternell). 294-296- fl Problem* of Present-Day Management (HyslePKa ftizatmrr Accident Prevention in the Manufac tUnfl* Plant* of Small Aircraft (S(hrr>si) 17 1'' : A Coordinated Plan (nr ( ontrolling Acculent* m 261-263. Progress of Metal Mine Safety (Richardson), 'v_Fipe Line Operation* (Ouem), *07 *11 >C*n<l Safety in the Air Tran*port Cnmmarnl 4*9 , Safe Timbering of Working Places in M 7' ffeflrj. 181 18* '%g Ground Safety Program of Our Airline ML Loading (Miller), 273-280. 1 CW/argJ 176 180 Safeguarding Electrical Installations in Coal 1 to Prevent Mine Pires, Gas and Dust lg Importance of Safety in Drilling ( ontrartor* ftHfle). *17 *?(1 (Barrett). 2B9-294. Safety Equipment and Methods Used by the Q* Molybdenum Company (F.itenatb), 471-417. Testing and Specifications for Plame-Resisting 1 log Cables (Griffith), 280-287. ^ Value of Ventilation Surveys (Saxe). 26}-n% ;#[ nent and the Safety Program Qmr F(ro 329. rni * Gain From a Good Accident Pre ` Program (lh<htp). 624-626 of Acrident Prevention (Kunklt) ??0 Mining Section: Minutes, 471-482. Officers, 471-472. . Moore, /. E.: Use of the Safety Organitalic I 228. ~ Mone. K. M.: The Nurse to the Industrial 1 i foe Utility Having Crews in Many Town* I Diirutsmn. *60 trf 18 Yeats of Safety (B*u dm) *6t sf>4 Problems of g Small Plant (CraigmHe), A ( cvofdmated Plan for Controlling Accident* in Pipe fine Operation* (Ouem). *07 7 1 1 The Importance of Safety to Drilling Contractor* iSfll/f) *17* 20 Management'* Re'pon'ihililv in the Accidenf Pre er*tion Program /l.rnham) *0* *07 Post Postwar Whar f.n We Do to Brrng Do* n the Fiend <<f A<'ldeols, fMyen) *24 '.'0 Ihe Safriv Prngrim in Saudi A'jh.i /i s.U '?1 *78 *7<i3 1'ua I A icl * in Industrial T r .1. >. < (' * *r it 4 \ I Petmlenm Section Minutes MU s' > Officers. 701 704. Phnlngcaph' Value of Photograph* of Aiiidrnrs Panel f In. >1" ion 148 Physical Defect' ^rr Rrhahilit at ion Plivsical Fxammarcons Minimum Reourements for an Indiistra] Health Program (flrehm) 7t 14 Peiiodic Examinations of Fmplnvee* PaneJ Dis rmsion, 447 I'slltiiet 3017/ Pfiv'ual Examinat ion* Quiz Program See also Health Supervision Physicians See Health Supervision and Sanitation Program. 346-371. Motion Pictures, See Visual Education. Motor Vehicle Industry: Fundamentals . Round Table Discussion. 220-228. Occupational Hazards in Metal ProcessfOfl M of Air Movement (lP'ifherid^e), 2 l9-2a#y- Principles of Accident Prevention (Kaal*HiJ 221 ^ ^ Moyer, F. T.: Accilent Experience in ( and Quarry lndu*tries During the ' 210212. , Alyrri, /. It.: Pom Post-War. What Caa W to filing Down the Trend of AcciJsrt**7 fllj J tike Ssfety Story (BingemSork). 221 226 4 to Safety (HaarJt), 626-629. _j4f*r Safety (Stands). 629 630. L* 6* Safety Organization (Moore). 226.228. 8 Advertising Safety Through the New* mfCeUttint). 298-299. t G<| Results in Safety (Bennionl. 7st ss? K New Challenges (or the Industrial Hygienist ?J. T7.78, dry1 A Coordinated Plan for Controlling Hin Pipe l ine Operation*. 707-311. Pl.islir Face and Eye Protector! Se**ion. 113-114. Plastic*- New Challenge* for the Industrial Hy gienist (Pari). 70 Plastic Fye Protectors (Eeiehtlderfer) Poster* Most Valuable Type of Poster*. rmsion. 449 Power Pres* Section- Minute*. 37|.*4g Officer*. 711 732. 113-114. Panel Dis Power Presses' Fducatinnal and Training Method* (V'ao,tu-ard) *30 *4! Fnginrrring Method* 61T'oilman), 343-743. Engineering Method* Used to Prevent Power Prei Accidents tFaulkner) 737-730 Know How Is Not Fnough (Burnt). *4* 340 N IVHIp Section: Minutes. 483-501. l 8^M. Miscellaneous Pies* Room Accident Pact* (MeCheiney). *41 *43 National Safety Council: Board of DiracM^f Executive Board. Vll-X. Honorary Members, X. Officer*. IV. ; Analysis of Accidents in Piper and Jf8ra*>, 498-499. _Jt,4FM1 91P.ulpwood Logging Operation* m-Ml the Woods (Eisele), 492 497. Power Pres* Accident Fart* (Greenwood) *33 *3*. ^ee also Meta! Industrie* Pressure Vessel Session, f>ee Boiler and Pressure Vessel Session Pressure Vessel*' Inspection Procedure for Unfired Pressure Vessels and Control (Puggan). 33-77. 6f>0 44th National Safety Congress, 1946 Occupational Hazard* in Metal Procesaing: Control ol Air Movement f ITtthenjge). 219 2?0. Some (oniderati'>n* m l>etign of Exhaust Systems (fltmeon), 111 84 Value of Ventilation Surveys (Sett), 261-261. What the Safety Engineer Should Know About Mechanical Fahaust Ventilation (\Pifbendge). 241 242. Vibration-. New Challenge* for the Industrial Hy gjenut (Den)- *0. Visual Aida Settion, nVH*. Visual Education Film* for Maintenance Employees `and Their Pamtltrv Panel Discussion. 610 6H. Homemade Sound Filmi and Movies ((.ebb). IH Jit, How to Use Visual Aids (Puffin), 114-H6 "Men and Motive Power." Sound Slide Film, 616. Report of Visual Education Committee of Steam nailroad Section (I* Foantame), 18V186. "Stop, Look and Liv*." Remarks on Pwentition of Film. 606. Tclliru the Safety Story (Bungemtenk). 221-226. Viiual Aida in Industrial Training (C.oneuay). 12* 129 Viauaf Education at a Safety Tool (Hoffman), 242-244. Veit, A. A.: Pepresenting Management, 96 98. w 'Walkway Surface* Session, 169-161. Wallmam. P.. ].: Engineering Methods WaUen, C- o.: Inapection and Good Maintenance for Electrical Equipment. 10 62 Waate Diaposal: Design of a Waste Disposal System (Uster), 49-52. fndustnaf Waste and Stream Pollution (Herder), 1? is. Utilization of Sulfite Waste Liquor in Germany (Saeman), 46-49. Waste Sulfite l iquor Recovery (Salvesen), 44 46. Water Supply Industrial Waste and Stream Pollu tion (Herder), 12-11. IItnhtl. F. (..: ( omments on the Activities of the (nil Mining Section, 246-218. IT eds. O. F. Ground Safety in the Air Transport Command. 184 181. Whfflrr, l.i. (,tn. ft. A.: Accident Prevention--a War-Time Fad? 4H-1IV Wilhatnt. E. 8. ' A Few of the War's Lessons on Industrial Safely, 576-JflO. Witheudge. IF, /V,.- ()ccupgtiontl Hazards in Metal Processing: Control of Air Movement, 219 220. What the Safety Engineer Should Know About Mechanical E*hu*t Ventilation, 241-242, Women Workers: Standards for Weight Lifting by Women. Quiz Program. 444. Wearing of Capa by women Drill Press Opetatort. Pane) Discussion. 447. Wood Products Industry: Representing Management (Part), V6 98. , Tyres and Causes of Accidents in Wood Manu facturing (Ktou-n), 636-641. What a Safety Engineer Need* to Know About Saw$ and Cutters (fonts). 641-644 Wood Products Section: Minutes, 635-644. Officers. 641. Woodley. C. A.: The Machining of Castings. 435 448. Woodward. E. , Educational and Training Methods, 139 541. Workmen's Compensation: What Are Compensable Accidents^ (Nelson), 568 474. TRANSR CTIONS 34th NATIONAL SAFETY CONGRESS CHICAGO October 7-11. 1946 VOLUME n Traffic, Commercial Vehicle. Transit. School and College. Home. Farm and Women's Activities Sessions VOLUME I contains the General Subject and Industrial Sessions National Safety Council, Inc. 20 North Wacker Drive. Chicago 6 Copyrighl 1947. National Safely Council. Inc. P mt j im PUL 38 NI/i S'at tonal Safety Congress, 1946 Safe Practices in Steam Boiler Operation By MAX H. KUHNER Chief Mechanical Engineer, Riley Stoker Corporation Operating manuals, printed instructions for the boiler operating engineer, A. S M. K. Suggested Rules for Care of Power Boilers, and various other publications cover the subject of safe practices iu steam boiler operation in considerable detail. A competent operating engineer is thoroughly versed in the procedure he must follow in making a boiler ready for operation, in placing it on the line, getting the best out of it while it is operating, taking the boiler off the line and in pro tecting it while it is idle so that it will not deteriorate. Correct procedures are automatically followed in the well super vised boiler plant. They become second nature for the experienced operating rew. There ale, however, many other factors not mentioned in printed materials, hut of equally great importance for the safe per* formance of the boiler. Unless these fac tors are taken into account they can cause seriou*^otler accidents. Boiler accidents fall in three distinct groups. The first and largest group in cludes boiler accidents caused by the failure of the human element. They were caused by lack of clear thinking, by in experience, had habits and just plain ignorance. There are two necessary steps in preventing or at least reducing the number of these accidents. They are careful selection of the personnel en trusted with the boiler followed by thorough training. and of costly equipment depends on his doing the right thing at the right time. Most important for the safe performance of his job is thorough familiarity with the design and the detailed construction of the equipment in his charge. No part of the boiler must remain a mystery. Strong and weak points of the boiler must be known. In this way the measure of confidence will be established without which the operator would be unable to get the best out of the equipment under the varying conditions of the boiler house. Warren I). Lewis, Chief Engineer of the Motel New Yorker, gave this apt specification: "The good operating engineer doesn't lose his head. Assuming that he knows his plant and his business he must learn by experience to sit tight and think things out when he finds himself in a jam. Nothing is more costly than a wrong answer put into action because it was the first that came to mind when the heat came on." One operator's experience with a large pulverized coal fired boiler is a good il lustration of the disastrous results pos sible by "putting the wrong answer into action." The boiler had a slag tap furnace with the furnace floor covered by a pool of molten ash which was intermittently tapped off. One morning while the manu facturer's plant was going at full capacity a house turbine accidentally tripped, which temporarily shut off the power sup ply to motors of fans and pulverizers. 1 1 Apprentice boiler operators must be made to understand that the primary ob ject of their studies and practical train ing is not merely to receive the license issued by an examining board, but rather to obtain the knowledge and understand ing of the working of a boiler, to know what is going on in drums and tubes and in the furnace, and to realize which fac tors affect safe and reliable performance. The boiler operator must be made con scious of the importance of his job by realizing that the safety of his co-workers When the boiler operator in charge noted the drop in steam pressure and found the pulverized coal burners dead ' he could not take time to think. His natural reflex forced him to act quickly and his entire effort was concentrated on keeping the boiler on the line. There were steam atomizing oil burners for starting up and to carry low loads. All he thought to do was to turn on the oil. 5 Unfortunately he forgot to open the valve for the atomizing steam and he had not taken the time to check draft gauges so j Boilers and Pressure Vessels 39 that he was unaware that the fans had stopped running. The oil burners would not ignite, but solid streams of oil poured on the pool of molten ash on the furnace floor. The oil vaporized - - -. When the operator picked himself off the boiler room floor and after the boiler house atmosphere had sufficiently cleared for him to sec, it was found that the boiler casing was badly bulged and the heavy steel reinforcing members of the setting were bent Out of shape. The steel boiler casing withstood the explosion and con at rates as high as 40 Ihs. per sq. ft. per hour. Steam must be swept away from the inside tube walls as quickly as it is formed and must be replaced by water, otherwise the tube will overheat and fail Only, if it is made possible for water to flow thru the circulatory sys tem of the boiler and water-walls with a minimum of resistance and for the steam to release itself quickly without binding in tubes, will the natural circula tion he maintained at velocities necessary to keep the tubes cool. fined the damage to the boiler setting. It cost about $30,000 pre-war dollars to repair the damage and to return the boiler to operating condition. The boiler insurance company paid for this damage, but loss of production during the outage of the main boiler of this manufacturing plant was many times $30,000, and there was no way to recover this loss. Too often the design of the boiler and water-wall system contains restrictions in the path of water and steam so that the force producing natural circulation is used to overcome obstructions and circu lation slows down, stops or may flow in reverse direction to which it was in tended. Safe boilers are designed with liberal areas for the feeders supplying The operating engineer was a capable water to steaming tubes and for the con man. He had passed the examination of nections between steaming tubes and the licensing board with flying colors. He drums. knew his boiler inside ami out. Me was able to get the best out of it in day-in and day-out operation, but when "the Insufficient capacity of feeders supply ing water to water-wall systems and of relcasers conducting the steam-wat^r mix heat came on" he fell down on the job. His training lacked that part which makes a man sit tight and think things out be fore jumping into action. No matter how pressing the need for instantaneous action appears to be at the moment of an emer gency it is imperative to take the time necessary to survey the situation and plan for the next step. ture from water walls to the steam re lease drum not only results in circulation troubles and watrT wall tube losses, but also lack of lively circulation in the waterwall system may permit precipitation of suspended boiler water solids in the* low points of the system and the resulting accumulation of sludge and mud may still further obstruct the path of circulation. The second group is smaller and con sists of those accidents which were the result of misjudgment of the designer and The blowdown valves of some early water-wall systems were padlocked so that they could not be operated with the manufacturer of the boiler. Most of these boiler in service. It was found that the failures could have been prevented by water supply to water-walls was so more sensible design, but hindsight is so critical that tube losses were experienced much more convenient than foresight. When the design is original and enters an untried field it may be excusable if its first execution is not completely success ful. Progress in the art of steam genera tion required some measure of pioneering. There are, however, the more common errors that are repeated time and time whenever an attempt was made to use the water-wall blowdowns with the boiler under load. The operator had his choice either to use the blowdown valves peri odically to remove the sediment but in so doing lose tubes from insufficient water water supply, or to keep the blow down valves shut and let mud and sludge again. The following are a few examples: accumulate, but lose water-wall tubes by Probably the most popular mistake obstructing free circulation. made in boiler design is lack of provision The failure of a boiler or water-wall for unrestricted natural circulation. Some tube is in itself only a minor calamity, boiler and water-wall tubes produce steam hut a tube failure often results in a seri- 40 34th National Safety Congress, 1946 Boilers and Pressure Vessels 41 on* furnace or gas pas* explosion. In Airy event a burst tube shuts the boilrr down and may in turn cause costly production are some which could house a 6-story building with room to spare. If ash ami slag are given an opportunity to find a foothold along the furnace walls they will losses. There are many boilers in which the steam release drums are too small and where steaming tubes enter the steam re lease drum below the working level. The steam must thus find its way thru a body of water before it can leave the boiler. This may produce a dangerous condition for piping, engines and turbines because a sudden load change may throw a heavy slug of water into the steam line. stick and may form clinkers unless the operating engineers are on their toes and continuously poke and lance. Here again the designer should be taken to task for allowing ledges and protrusions to exist on furnace walls on which ash and slag can lodge. Jt is dangerous even with a cold boiler. Maintenance men arc often injured by falling slag when it is neces sary to enter the furnace of a coal fired boiler for inspection or maintenance. Other points of potential danger to Some years ago a number of floor personnel and equipment which must be screen tubes of a pulverized coal fired laid on the designer's doorstep are pressure vessels of considerable wall thickness ex posed to high temperature. It is, of course, boiler tore out of the headers into which they were rolled. The steam and hot water suddenly released into the boiler argued that one of the oldest types of boilers, the horizontal return tubular room killed two of the operators and sent two more to the hospital. The furnace of boiler, has its drum shell exposed directly this boiler was some 35 ft. high. A heavy to the furnace, to radiant heat and live flame. But it must not be forgotten that the HRT boiler shell is comparatively thin. This noiler is not used for high pressures ana the drum shell thickness is not determined by tube hole ligament efficiency, as is the case with a water tube boiler. Just the same, bagged drum shells caused by overheating are not unusual with HRT boilers. Exposing the drums of a higher pres sure water tube boiler to furnace heat and live flame is dangerous. Even if there is no evidence of weakness during the first clinker had formed in the upper regions of the furnace and with a change in load broke loose and hit the floor screen. A screen of tubes laid across the bottom of the pulverized coal furnace is a nice thing to have because pulverized coal ash can sift thru this screen and is chilled while it drops into the ash hopper, but when the furnace is high and when there is a possibility of ash and slag to accumu late a considerable distance above the floor screen then there is danger. Maybe the operators should have noticed that the slag on furnace walls approached few years of operation it must be realized that the outer skin of the drumplatc may be heated to over 2000 I7, while the inner skin remains at boiler water temperature (as long as the surface is clean). The temperature difference between outer and dangerous proportions and should have done something about it, but the capable designer knows that his product must be safe even without the complete coopera tion of the men to whom it is entrusted. inner skin of the drum plate may be more It may be true that a simple screen of than 1500 F. and if it is realized that tubes crossing the furnace floor is less every fibre of the metal in the outer skin is trying to expand three times as much as the metal fibre in the inner skin it does not require much imagination to foresee the eventual destruction of the metal and the possibility of a disastrous drum ex costly than a hoppered furnace floor con sisting of steeply sloped tubes, supported over their entire length, but no amount of money saved in first cost will justify gambling with safety. A little extra money spent for safety of personnel and equip plosion. Unfortunately this can happen ment is the finest investment. without prior warning because the change Fortunately, accidents caused by faulty in metal structure will be detected usually design are diminishing. This, in spite of surface. Design ami construction engi neers are rapidly learning their lessons from the earlier experiences. There i* nothing mysterious or very difficult about the planning of a safe boiler. If the de signer starts with a conscientious study of all requirements, keeps his mind open to suggestions, especially those coming from the operating field, draws from a liberal background of personal practical experience, refuses to be influenced by preconceived ideas and above all, uses good common sense, the boiler produced of chemistry at all. It was simply metal shewed beyond ils elastic limit. The tremendous force exerted by large diameter rivets while shrinking after they were hot formed compressed the metal under rivet heads to a point where its grain structure was destroyed. Cracks developed and would have developed whether there was caustic concentration or not. These cases of failures belong in the second group. They are the result of error in design. is bound to be safe and reliable. A well designed and constructed boiler Boiler accidents caused purely by wear and tear of equipment in service comprise the smallest group. It is true that boilers cannot last forever, but there are few cases on record of accidents caused by the disintegration of boiler metal. The useful life of a boiler is usually governed by obsolescence, rather than by general breakdown. The boiler inspectors of states ami in unit can only be as safe as the operating personnel permit it to be. Thorough train ing, clear understanding of the why and wherefore of various operations in the boiler room, knowledge of the design of the boiler and its idiosyncracies must precede placing the operator in charge of the boiler, but the most competent man is helpless in preventing trouble if the de sign of the equipment contains dangerous features. surance companies deserve much credit for the maintenance of safety over the entire life of a boiler. A thorough periodic inspection by a man who knows what to look for and has the authority to recom mend improvements or, in extreme cases, condemn, is the best assurance against accidents falling in this group. Cooperation of operator and designer, in the light of the practical experience accumulated by b<th, and clear common sense analysis of every design detail be fore it leaves the drafting board help* to reduce accidents caused by faulty design. Thorough periodic inspections by the men of state and insurance companies are ' The line of demarcation between fail the best protectionagainst accidents ures produced by faulty design and those caused by gradualdisintegration of the caused by breakdown in metal is none boiler metal. The inspectors are trained coo distinct. Often the latter is blamed for to look for and bud points of potential trouble actually originated by the former. trouble. , So-called "caustic embrittlement" is an example. Destruction of the metal will happen and has happened in highly stressed points of boiler drums which are exposed to concentrated causticity. A few years ago it became quite the fad to label every crack found in riveted seams of boiler drums as caustic embrittlement. The real trouble was often not a matter Use of competent operators, experienced designers and manufacturers and persist ent adherence to a sensible inspection and maintenance program are three factors of equal importance for safe steam boiler operation as are the procedures prescribed in the printed manuals and in the exami nation papers of boiler operator licensing b< >ards. by micrographic examination only. Pulverized coal furnaces for large mod ern boilers are often quite high. There new designs of steam boilers, higher op erating pressures and steam temperatures and greater work done per unit of heating 1 74 ,14th National Safety Congress, 1946 workeri Some of the^c may be listed as Tart-time nursing can be obtained either follows: 1. Eye examinations. Comprehensive tests can be performed to screen out those in dividuals with a variety of serious visual defects. It is hardly necessary to stress the value resulting from the correction of vis ual defects found by routine eye examina tions. 2. Dental Hygiene. Dental examinations disclose unhealthy conditions in the mouth. We know that neglected dental conditions can affect the general health of an indi vidual. The extent of neglect found in the examination of large numbers of workers is surprising. ' through the local visiting nursing associa tion, if your city has one, or by 3 or 4 smaller plants hiring one nurse to spend certain hours each day in each plant, de pending on the needs and the number of workers to be served. The cost of this part time nursing service is proportioned by the participating plants, according to the hours spent in each one. The larger the plant, the greater is the need for one or more full-time nurses. The industrial nurse is no longer just a finger wrapper--she is the key person in an in dustrial health program. Show me the plant where top management is not only sold on the nursing service but also takes a 3. Mass Chest X-ray I'rograms. Tuber personal interest in the nursing program culosis is still one of our worst killers. We and I will show you a plant with good cannot hope to bring this disease under labor relations, less turnover and less ab control unless we find the active cases and senteeism. The effect of those conditions on prevent the spread of the disease to non- production costs is obvious. mfected individuals. A plant dispensary with one or more 4. Venereal Disease Control Programs. nurses on the staff can perform the most Infectious fases must be found and properly efficient health service when a physician is treated to prevent the spread of the disease. in direct charge of that department. The, Venereal diseases should not be a bar to employment unless in an infectious stage. The employer who thus unnecessarily dis criminates against workers with non-infectioui venereal diseases is not only inter fering with the control of those diseases but is also creating bad labor relations which may never be erased. 5. Immunization Programs. Unfortu nately comparatively few industries have in trained medical personnel are becoming available--many of our larger medical col leges are teaching industrial medicine to the students or providing post-graduate' courses for those wishing to enter this type of practice. There is every indication tha` this trend in providing medical services for industrial establishments will increase in. scope to include more plants, particularly; the smaller ones on a part-time basis. augurated programs for immunizing against some of the contagious diseases--such as small pox, diphtheria and typhoid. When adults develop these so-called childhood diseases, they may be extremely serious and become epidemic in nature. Programs to Reduce Non-Industrial Disabilities Employers now realize that non-industrial illnesses and accidents are their concent; that personal hygiene, living habits and s cial problems affecting the physical and m First-Aid, Nursing and Medical ' Services Every industry, down to the smallest should have adequate first-aid facilities ad ministered by someone trained for that purpose. Industries from 250 or more em ployees should have an adequately equipped first - aid dispensary preferably under the supervision of a graduate registered nurse --in a full-time or part-time capacity, de pending upon the size of the plant and the hazards of the jobs. tal fitness of an individual are definite' reflected in his ability to stay on the jc and to perform his duties satisfactorily. Unless these factors are taken into count in developing an industrial heal program, the benefits to employer and ployec will fall short of the mark. Th are two principal activities through whi industry can approach these problems-- sentee studies and health education. 1. Absenteeism. Industries are urged keep absentee records and to make a care Industrial Health 75 appraisal of the findings. These statistics the health status and a longer production form the basis for a health educational !tfe span as a reward for a continued and program and for any reduction program. intensified health education program. If we It is necessary to determine where, why, were to devote as much energy and co who and to what extent absences from ordinated effort to a health campaign as work are occurring. If an occupational cause we have to our safety campaign in the past, for absences is indicated, it should receive we should reap the same benefits. dose attention. We know that ordinary illnesses account for several times more absences from work than do industrial and non-industrial accidents combined. Health educational programs for indus trial workers are growing in scope and ef fectiveness. Educational material of vari ous kinds is available in increasing quan Absentee studies were conducted by our tities. Many agencies and organizations are Industrial Hygiene Unit in several Wis developing pamphlets, posters, leaflets, films consin plants for a period of 5 years. In and radio programs. Industry should take addition to the well '< mwn data, it was advantage of this service and plan health found that only 9 per cent of the employees educational programs along the same lines accounted for half the cases of legitimate as their in-plant safety campaigns. The absences and half the work days lost, an plant physicians and nurses are key per other 25 per cent accounted for the other sonnel in such planning and administration. fell of the absences and the work days lost, la other words, 66 per cent of all employees fed no absences and no days lost from work reasons of illnesses or accidents. Cerin view of these findings, any attempt a reduction program should first consider Vtty careful medical investigation of that "" percentage of workers to determine they were ill and absent more than Wge majority of the plant employees. The various phases of such an industrial health program may sound too big and too complex for the average establishment. The points discussed are merely high lights of adequate health coverage and in bare out line form at that. To those of you who may feel that this is something belonging only in the budget of the large corporation, let me say that more and more small in dustries are adopting the very services de Health Education. Health education scribed and are doing a good job of it. An oot experienced the same period of trial industrial health program can he just as hu safety education. Only during the comprehensive and as effective as you want few years have any serious efforts been to make it. Top management muM be sold ` toward making the public health first. If you have qualified personnel plus is. As with safety education, health the ambition to do the job, it will produce igns will prevent illnesses--hut we the same results for you that others have & right to expect an improvement in experienced. New Challenges for the Industrial Hygienist By EDWARD E. DART. M.D. Director, Industrial Hygiene, Medical Department, Chryaler Corporation report is a summary of the progress ! has been made in industrial hygiene ; the last few years. In it is recounted rfge which has made it possible to the ever-present and always-new chalof making the factory a desirable ia which to spend a large portion of fife. i are two concepts which shouftl any remarks on new industrial Challenges. The first is that a sub may appear as a new health prob lem and so much may be written as to fill all the journals, and yet the basic toxicological studies on the nature of this so-called new substance may have been car ried out a half century before. Paradoxi cally. then, what is in reality old may often he thought of as new, either because it has come into wide spread usage or because it has become associated with processes wherein it had never previously been em ployed. Well known substances with new industrial application constitute a major pro- 76 ?;//( Xatumat Safety Congress, 1946 portion of that wlmh is new in industrial loxic and that fatalities in animal experi hygiene The second con.cpt necessary for an understanding of what is new in industrial hygiene is that operations must lie con sidered as a whole. We are all prone to think of specific entities, for instance the problems associated with the handling of lead. The unwary person may not realize that in a given operation the oxides of nitrogen may require more consideration than would fumes from burning lead or that associated arsenic may demand major con trol measures exceeding those used for the lead, fn developing a philosophy of safety, it is necessary to think of the industry or process as a whole with multitudinous exposures. As an example aluminum is about as nearly non-toxic as any substance can be, but in aluminum foundries controls have been employed to prevent exposure to chlorine gas, aldehydes ami silica. Salt tables! are provided to prevent untoward effects of high temperatures in aluminum casting operations; and the medical and safety departments are ever active in pre venting! dermatitis from coolants used in aluminum machining operations. In this manner, safety engineers, industrial hy gienists and physicians view industry as a whole and meet the wide scope of indus ments resulted from exposure to the acid radicals such as fluorides and sulfates rather than to beryllium per se. A predisposition to pneumonitis, one of the important find, ings in human experience, was howevef noted in animals exposed to only berylli" oxides. Although excellent data were p rented in this paper, there was nothing t"' prove that this predisposition to pneumonia was not a specific reaction rather than su` as might occur from the inhalation of any dust. In 1945, Van Ordstrand and his sneiates* reported the occurrence of derm" titis with chronic ulceration of the ski" inflammatory changes in the respirato" tract and pneumonitis in a group of 1 workers exposed to beryllium compound} who were observed over a three year perio These inflammatory changes probably suit from the extreme hy^roscopicity these compounds which enables them to ex tract water from tissue. It was the opinio* of these investigators that severe damage mighe be caused by factors other than a" salts. They did not however describe in stances of disease in which the possibili' of exposure to acid radicals was well ni' out. Gardner* found that beryllium gr- loma of the Umg developed in animals fr exposure to beryllium silicate. trial health challenges by awareness of many Clinical and experimental investigati different situations. indicate that exposure to the acid salts I HEALTH CHALLENGES IN THE METALLURGY AND FABRICATION OE METALS There are few newly discovered metals, although recently, certain metals have been used on an appreciable scale in industry for the first time. Some of these metals that have come into prominence within the last few years will be discussed: beryllium will produce serious consequen more readily than exposure to the !' soluble non-acid compounds. Beryllium itself apparently predisposes to ptilmo" inflammation and granulomatous lesions, any rate most exposures include those the acid salts such as fluorides, oxyfluo-* or sulfates, and control aimed at limi`* the concentration of acid radicals, cou with ordinary precautions to prevent A. Beryllium inhalation of beryllium dust, should pro Beryllium is'used to form alloys, espe ample safeguard for the health of wor' cially with copper, aluminum and nickel A small amount of lierylliimi imparts to the metal a conskterable amount of fatigue re sistance. This is especially true of the cop-, per alloy. Injury from beryllium was re ported in 1933 by Weber and Rngtehardt' vko considered that the pathological condi tions obsu ed resnhed from the presence of ftupmVs in the dust. In 190, Hyslopf and his associates described experiments indicating that beryllium is relatively non- B Cadmium Cadmium has been used extensively recent years m electroplating, as a metal, and in alloys. It is used in r metals, electrical conductors, pigments* ramies, engraving processes, cadmium lamps, and as a rustproof coating ' of fine. Toxic reactions trom have developed as a rem1t of lemonade mixed in cadmium-lined. a.? Industrial Health 77 tamers/ and safety must he considered when cadmium may l>c used as a lining tor food containers. As an industrial problem cad mium must he thought of whenever the metal is heated sufficiently to give off fumes, as in welding. Hv 1944, 59 cases of cadmium intoxica tion from inhalation had been reported since 1858.* Cadmium fume is noteworthy because it is not immediately irritating or unpleasant, and a workman may easily in hale sufficient fume or dust to produce severe pulmonary injury without realizing that he is being harmed. The symptoms, which develop several hours after exposure, are irritation of the throat, headache, cough, and in some instances nausea with a con stricted feeling in the chest and shortness nf breath as the condition progresses. 'I he most serious consequence of exposure to cadmium fume is a severe pulmonary edema and pneumonitis. Safeguards to completely protect those near the operation should lie provided whenever it is necessary to weld or burn cadmium. C. Indium Indium is one of the rare metals, hut its we is becoming more generalized. It is lived particularly for electroplating on cad mium for airplane motor hearings or for bearings in other high speed internal com bustion engines. In 1942. indium was in vestigated by McCord, Meek, Harrold and Heussner,1 who found the metal ami its sails to have cutaneous irritant properties but demonstrated some toxicity with sub cutaneous or intravenous injection \n m jury from indium was found among indium platers in an airplane motor plant nvei a three year period. v. i*iu{fne.\ium Magnesium is a metal of impoitancc to Stymie responsible for safety because of its flammability. However, the necessary safe guards in respect to fire protection are well known. In 1942, McCord" described the de velopment of gas tumors resulting frojn the `plantation of magnesium particles in the tissues of animals. Accordingly at the be ginning of the war, physicians in plants in * i magnesium was machined were alert videncc of gas in the tissue of oprs. One such case was reported * l seen a similar patient in whom gas ped in the tissues of the hand and forearm, unaccompanied by febrile symp toms f(i oilier evidence of infection The presence of gas was demonstrated both hv crepitus on palpation and by distention of the fascial spaces as shown on roentgeno- graphic examinations. The patient was a drill press operator who worked on mag nesium castings. No injury more extensive than minor scratches on the hands was noted. He was remover! from work on magnesium, and the gas disappeared only to return the day after he returned to his work with magnesium eastings, The ac cumulation of gas in the tissue did not reoccur when he was removed permanently from the work with magnesium. Magnesium was never isolated from the tissue, so definite proof of liberation of gas in tissues from occupationally implanted magnesium is lacking but the possibility of such cannot he denied This property of magnesium is of no great consequence; hut rather it is interesting to medical people as a rarity. Magnesium es perhaps the classic example of a substance which is in itself practically harmless hut which mav have associated with it in numerous operations other hia- terials requiring control measures for the protection of health Of importance are several potential exposures connected with magnesium foundrv operations hither molds and cores are sprayed with a fluoride or a substance such as Him borate is in- eorporatrd with the sand m the core or mold therefore precaution m flie form of venti lahon and enforerd personal cleanliness may he neecssarv even more interest is the presence of sulfur gases in the work n>nn\ Sulfur dioxide is used for flushing ernes and for maintaining a reducing atmosphere in heat treat ovens. In addition, hydrogen sulfide and/or other sulfides are found in the core gas at shakeout operations result- 'ing from the sulfur used as a flux for the molten metal. In general it may he said that procedures adequate to safeguard against a silica hazard am! sufficient to maintain comfort with respect to sulfur dioxide and other sulfur gases will protect the workers from any dangerous exposure to hvdrogcn sulfide. E. Osmium ( kiuinm is one of the rare metals and occurs naturally in combination with irid ium. Because of its extreme hardness osmiridmm is desirable as a compound for 78 l`lth National Safety Congress, 1946 Industrial Health 79 fountain pen tips. List' fm osmium cntiv pounds is found in the manufacture of elec trical contacts and explnsmieters. Osmium it also used as a catalyst Metallic osmium is innocuous, but osmium tetroxide is formed on exposure of the metal to the air. As early as 1814, Hrr/e)ius,# noted the irritant profierties of osmium oxide 7 lie toxicological properties of osmium tetroxide were reported by Brtmoi in I93.V By ex posing himself to some of the vapor lie noticed after ten minutes a metallic taste in the mouth, follower! at JO minutes hy a smarting sensation in the eyes, and lamina tion. Later he felt a constriction in the chest and difficulty in breathing, and objects then appeared to lie surrounded by halos. These findings were confirmed in cases of industrial exposure reported by McLaugh lin.** These authors ascribed the halo ob served around objects as possibly due to osmium crystals on the cornea. P. Selenium Selenium occurs as a contaminant in cer tain ore, especially copper. Until recently it was considered an unusable product. It ] now has become important because of its excellent property for rectifying alternating current. It is also used in the glass indus try, in paints, and plastics and as an alloy metal for steel and copper. Selenium con tamination of the soil causes "Mlind Stag gers" in cattle, a disease in which hoofs, or V(>, and vanadium pentoxide-~V0*) are used to increase the hardness and inaleability of steel and to increase resistance to and radium. The new feature of exposure in relation to nuclear fission is the produc tion of slow neutrons. Little has been pub corrosion. The pentoxide is used in some * lished on the biological effects of slow neu- chemical oxidation processes catalyst in place of platinum, especially in the oxi- datmn of naphthalene to phfhalic anhydride. *4t*TOn5 km apparently their action ' * ' to that of with injury the to beta and gamma the blood-forming is similar radiations organs as baHtoeneyrseporhelvaavergemdanitnbhydaiusstshteabeoueh"rsnree-auf.udlomtomhfnee1pp.rreooxp1bVp1elaeornsmausradetfiuhegma.butea/fcrloidaarsnes^ no cumulative action in the body, and the acute and chronic symptoms are similar.u These consist of increased blood pressure one of the early reactions. Protection of -m#W " dhoeef,taetlh.cthetioeinnmposlu.focyheexeepsxo, p*stohusereusrue,ssethoreeffq\ieunmisretprsulomythmeenetn.ssttuf,dooyrf, mechanical handling and processing and of ^harriers of distance and concrete to prevent exposures. with constriction of the blood vessels (by direct action on arterial muscle or the vasometer endings) and constriction of the muscles of the bronchial system.'* A worth while discussion of industrial vanadium poi soning was presented hy Symanski." The clinical signs are pallor of the skin, green [111. HEALTH CHALLENGES IN THE TLASTICS INDUSTRY The development of plastics is one of the Enost rapid that has occurred; constantly 1 materials are introduced. 4. Resins ish black discoloration of the tongue, parox ysmal cough (rarely with hemoptosis), dyspnea, pain in the chest, palpitation with ' exertion, tremor of the fingers and arms, emphysematous type of chest, profuse bron-jj chitis, bronchospasm, raised blood pressure* with accentuated 1*2 sound, and reticulation on X-ray film of the lungs. The health hazards associated with ex posure to inorganic materials have been re viewed with a fairly extensive bibliography by Kairball." Fortunately most of the resins employed little potency as systemic toxins. As sensitizers, the phenol-formaldehyde m, the phenol-furfurals and the ureaaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde are of considerable importance. Antioxidants Many of the antioxidants and stabilizers organo-mctallic compounds which act primary irritants to the skin. Some of hydroquinone derivatives are of interest of their interference with normal hon^. carbon disulfide and to a lesser extent the nitrocarbons are all well known systemic toxins, and the usual precautions should be taken to prevent excessive exposure. It is of interest that the chances of exposure are sometimes less inherent in the manufacture of these products than in the use of plas tics in later fabricating processes, due to the enclosure and mechanization of opera tions in the manufacture of the basic mate rials. In other instances, in which such safeguards cannot be provided, greater op portunity for exposure is attendant on the manufacture of the crude product. A high light review of this subject may be found in the paper by Cranch." IV. HEALTH CHALLENGES IN THE RUIUIER INDUSTRY The replacements of natural rubber by synthetic rubber has also created some new and challenging problems which have been fairly well worked out during the war but which may be new enough to many to war rant inclusion here. The most widely used synthetic rubber is Buna S, a copolymer of butadiene and styrene. Because of its re sistance to petroleum products, there is also considerable demand for Buna N, a copoly mer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. Butadiene has little or no cumulative ef fect from repeated inhalation if the concen tration is well below the explosive limit of 2.2%,u and it is only mildly narcotic in horns and hair drop off. Absorption of //. HEALTH CHALLENGES IN THE i pigmentation and the consequent wlul- these conccnti alums Stvrene acts principally selenium in human beings produces garlic PRODUCTION OP NUCLEAR ENERGY \ of the skin. as an irritant of the lungs, mucous mem like odor in the breath and sweat. Letnlcy ami Merryman ** found skin disorders of a non-specific type, marked disability, depres sion and inability to concentrate in patients suffering from chronic selenium |>oisoning. Armor and Pringle'* noted that when op erators were exposer! to fine dust anosmia, catarrah and bleeding from the nose oc curred. These authors stated that exposures should be kept at such a point that selenium would not fie excreted in the urine. Hydro gen selenide requires careful control in in dustrial operations as a concentration of 0005 mgm. per liter produces nasal am! ocmlar irritation.'4 (r Vanadium Vanadium is rarclv encountered in the pure stale, but the different oxides (Hypqvanadoits oxide--VO or V,(),, vanadium trioxide - - VjOi, hypovanadic oxide -- VOi Nuclear fission has presented one of the greatest challenges for industrial health pro tection of all time, and this challenge has hern met so successfully that almost no permanent injury has resitted. Uranium was known to the toxicologist even before the days of the atom bomb ami chain reactions. In 1854, LeContc'* found that the absorption of small amounts of uranium over a long# period produced hepatitis. MacNider,** in experiments with `logs, found liver injury* ami DeLaef " reported four cases of poison ing in workers handling uranium salts. Of more importance arc the hazards at sociated with the production of atomic^ power." In the process of nuclear fission: radioactive gasses and dust are given off^ producing alpha, beta and gamma ray emis-' Mons. These radiations are well known have been previously associated with X-rayi Piafticiterj Plasticizers are added to increase the flexSty or decrease the brittleness of the iterial. A number of the plasticizers are ' i sensitizers; still others may be impor- both as a cause of dermatitis and of nic reaction. Perhaps the most im- of the potential systemic reactors S the chlorinated diphenyls. Solvents trever by far the greatest problem in \ plastics industry is exposure to numeri solvents. These are for the most part * ` amides and amines, esters, ethers, , glycols and their derivatives, halogehydrocarbons, aliphatic and aromatic arbons, ketones, nitriles, nitrocarbons I sulfur derivatives. Of these the chloriI hydrocarbons, the aromatic hydrocar- branes ami skin Liver and kidney damage has been reported for excessive exposure. A maximum safe concentration of 200 p.p m. has been advocated by Carpenter.1* Acrylo nitrile fvinvl cyanide) is an extremely toxic material --comparable to a molecular equiva lent of cyanide** and in the new synthetic rubber plants great pains have been taken to prevent any harmful exposure to this substance. The synthetic rubber industry has also presented new possibilities for exposure to solvents. Whereas gasoline and petroleum naphthas can be used to replace the more toxic solvents for use in the manufacture of natural rubber products, benzol and its bonmlogues and chlorinated hydrocarbons are necessary to dissolve most of the syn thetic rubber. Ethylene dichloride is per haps thr only satisfactory solvent for the 80 34th National Safety Congress, 1946 llliocnl type of rubber Nonprciif', Lima \\ actioox Iroru rating fruit or vegetables cov* ari'l butyl ruhber require cyclic *> chlori ccd with residual from spraying , nated hydrocarbon^ for M.hihou Buna S latex, like naluial Mibhrr )afr\. ran )> di' solved jn petroleum naphthav Safcgnai<N I'l ///:',-//.77/ CHA!.I.fiN(',}:.S IS WORK KhQIHKJNG HASP POUSIUNG OP consist of the usual enclosure of processes, M/iTAL ventilation and pciM.nal protective device-* In the airplane industry, where the lighf metals are used extensively, a new problea r. fir.Ai.TH (inn fixers to thu developed which challenged doctors, engh /NY/;lT/C7DE IS Hi STRK neers ami safety personnel. Hand burring Until recently the armamentarium of the insecticide industry has consisted mostly of calcium and lead arsenates, nicotine, rotenone, pyrethnim, dinitro products, fluesilicates, sulfur and copper compounds, and liine-sulfur mixtures, More recently has been added DOT (1 -trichInro-2, 2 Ins (p-rhlorophenyl ethane), its close relative 1)1)1) or TDK (J, I-dichloro-2, 2 his (p-chloroplicnyI and polishing of castings with high speed rotary tools was carried out on a large- scale. Investigations in this country** ha indicated that a somewhat difTerent cwwlit: results from exposure to vibration pfT duceft by these tools when the rates in excess of 10,000 per minute as compa to most of the previous industrial ex vures in which the rates of vibration Wei ethane), the chlorinated benzenes, and hexa- below *1,000 per minute. ethyl tetraphosphate. Extensive usage of The solution of the problem was found DDT hy the Army 11 has shown that DDT the rather general applicability of wet is relatively non toxic to humans and that tumbling, tfms making at least partial el absorption of the dry powder through the ination of the process possible. Investi skin is negligible On the basis of animal tion of insulating materials to determ' experiments and observations of human sub those most effective in eliminating vi` jects, i'ameron and Burgess'* concluded that tion are under investigation so that w (here was a wide margin of safety in the such tools are necessary they can lie use of DDT as an insccleidr. They stated safely. Other measures used in meeting that only gross carelessness would cause exposures great enough to produce toxic challenge were elimination of exposure cold, pre-employment examinations and !* effects when spray concentrations were not maintained in excess of 0.5%. These in quent follow-up examinations with ren from exposure to vibration of all subj vestigators found that although absorption whose symptoms were not transient. : through the skin may result from exjmsurc to preparations of DDT in fat solvents, Citations absorption of the dry powder does not oc 1. Weber, H. H., and hngelhardt, W. cur. Illness has however been reported both Zentralbl. f. Gcwerbchvg. u. unfa! in this country and in hngland, and precau huntnUg : 10 : 'll, 1035. tions should fie taken to prevent excessive 2. Hvslop, F, el al: Nat. Inst, of H:; exposure, especially to preparations of DDT in solvent. Symptoms consist of pains in the extremities, irritability, fatigue, pares thesia. uneasiness Indicanuria is an impor tant laboratory finding** (One death has been reported.) Ilcxaethyl tel diphosphate is effective against a number of insects, red spiders, Hull 181, 1943 3. Van Ordstrand, H. S.. Huges, R, Nardi, f. M., and Carmody, M. J.A.M.A. 129: 1084-1090 (Dec.) 4. To lie published. 5. Jenncr, G. G., ami Cunningham, K.: New Zealand M l. 43: citrus mites, aphids and flies at dilutions of (Dec.) 1944. from 0.25% to less than .025%. Approxi 6. Spolyar, h. W., Kcppler, J. F mately 0.2 ml. per kg. is lethal to rats when Porter, H. G.: I. lndust. applied to the skin and 0.005 ml. per kg. Toxicol. 26: 222-240 (Sept.) \ when administered orally, according to data provided by the manufacturer. This chem ical is said to 1* readilv hydrolyzed in water thus minimizing the likelihood of toxic re- 7. McCord, C P , Meek, S. K, G. C.: I. Indust. Hvg- Pc Tox 243, 1942. Industrial Health 81 8. McCord, C. I'., Prendergast, J. J., Stuart, S. I*., and Harrohl, G. ('. : Indust. Med. (Feb.) 1942. 9. Kuhenstein, A. D., Tabcrshaw, 1. R., ami Daniels, f.: f.A.M.A. 129; 659-662. (Nov.) 1945.' 10. Berzelius, J. J. (1828) Pogg. Ann. 13: 435, 527 (Cited hy McLaughlin, A. b G., Milton, R., and Perry, K.M.A.: Brit. J. lndust. Med. 3: 183, 1946). 11. Brunot, F. R. J.: Indust. Hvg and Toxicol. 15: 136, 1936. " 12. Lemlev, R. E., and Merryman, M. P.: Journal-!-ancet 61 : 435-438 (Nov.) 1941. 13. Armor, A. I., and Pringle, P. . Bull, of Hvg 20: 239 (May) 1945. M Dudley, H. C., and Miller, J. W. : J. lndust. Hvg. & Toxicol. 23: 470-477 (Dec) 1941. 13 Daniel, K. P.( and Lillie, R. D. : Public Health Reports 53: 765-777 (Mav) 1938. 15 Jackson. D. E.: J. Pharmacol. & Exp. Tlierap. 4:1, 1912. J7 Swnanski, Arch. f. Gewerbepalh. 11. Bcwerliehyg. 9: 295-313, 1939. 18 l airhall, L. T.: Physiol. Rev. 25: 182 202 ( Ian.) 1945. Some Considerations in Design of Exhaust Systems By W. C. L. HEMEON Industrial Hygiene Foundation Costs are intimately related to the sue* \ of a plant improvement program. Maindividual, cost savings may spell the tMerence between rapid accomplishment of broad plant improvement program and r accomplishment of a narrow one, epe- tkfly in plants where the project costs the departmental or plant budget. Economy in such matters as ventilating ns does not mean inadequate control superior engineering. It i relatively simple to design exhaust s with extreme factors of safety, 1. A favored procedure consists in re questing competing equipment manufac turers not only to quote prices on a system, but also to indicate the design of the sys tem. This procedure is advantageous only if one can select bidders who have had extensive experience with the problem. The disadvantages are obvious where one or more of those selected do not thoroughly understand the problem. More important ''till, no two bidders will have the same ideas on an appropriate design. The costs quoted, therefore, will not he based on the tn which all possible and many im same end result. One, then, is in a quandary *aaf*b*l*e sources of contamination are in- as ii> whether to accept the low'est bid sMed in the system, ami at excessively air-flow rates. l U the cost estimate based on such a is so great that it is tabled hy the - ent, then that is faulty engincer- which may result iu an inadequate system or the highest hid which may he wasteful and not xuccexsful. 2. A second common method especially m larger companies is to assign the whole problem to a staff engineer. He may be a 1 If such a system is constructed and in such a high loss of heat in winter- that the capacity of the existing boiler is exceeded--that is poor engineering. If an excessive exhaust rate interferes the normal functioning (or most ad- functioning) of the process to it is applied, that, too, is bad engi- machine designer or a general plant engi neer. If he has had no experience in tins field, the results may be sad. It is too frequently assumed that any staff engineer should be equipped to handle such designs. 3 A third method is to assign the whole problem to a local installation contractor, a procedure which is similar to the first one mentioned and subject to the same disad rdatively undeveloped character of vantages. "h of engineering, poses the proh- The best answer to the question of how : how exhaust systems and industrial to purchase exhaust systems 1 have already systems generally, could lie most implied. The system should he engineered, purchased. and specifications produced therefrom 82 14th National Safety Congress, 1946 Industrial Health 83 The average person will picture the pioces of engineering to involve preparation of detailed blueprints of a system layout. That isn't necessary, and would render the y procedure an impractical one for most of the smaller exhaust systems installed for industry. Furthermore, most of the simple, smaller systems are commonly installed now without any drafting work at all. I.et us see what fundamentals need to he incorporated into such specifications. The mechanical layout of exhaust sys tems is not a fundamental problem. The locations of process equipment contributing visible dust (or other obvious contaminant) are apparent and layout is therefore merely a question of running ducts from each source to a central main duct, thence to the exterior of the building. Any first class sheet metal contractor knows the principles of duct construction as to gage, multi-sec tion elbows, radius of turn, 45-30* T's, tapering enlargements, etc. . Hood The important fundamental is in the de sign of exnaust hoods, and the success of the system depends on it. Although the aerodynamic characteristics of suction open ings are quite simple, the process charac teristics affecting the selection of a correct velocity are too complicated for a brief treatment. For my present purpose it is sufficient to point out that the hood should, and can readily, be described in the form of speci fications and thus define concisely the re quirements of the process * For example, the following: Hood is the point or point* of an exhaust system where air enter*, whose function is to entriin (at least in part) the contaminant. It is completely described by "cubic feet per minute." shape, and location. "A Haring hood shall be constructed and installed-- (describe the location) --having face dimensions of 38 inches horizontally, and 10 inches vertically, and shaH be ar ranged to exhaust laterally at a rate of not less than 1500 c.f.ni." Simple sketches of hoods are often desirable. Similarly, the size of branch duct should be specified, depending on the nature of the contaminant being exhausted. Other pertinent specifications respecting balance of air-flow be!ween branches, loca tion of discharge duct and general construc tion specifications would be included. Exhaust Locations The most important factor in the design I of exhaust systems for some problems is in the definite identification of exact soitrces'T of contaminant. In the common problem,] sources of dust, fume or vapor are obvious, | i.e., where visible dust is generated. f. Where a series of processes or machines I produce small amounts of a toxic substance, j the offending concentrations may be invisi ble and all sources not apparent. BcfoitJ intelligent design can be started this in-i formation must be had. The services of good industrial hygienist are invaluable, in fact often imperative, for this purpose. He must not merely measure general air con*' rentrafions, but identify exact sources and estimate relative importance of each. Opin ions must be supported by proof. Circumstances justifying the latlcr might be where it is a temporary process and where economic considerations are of top importance and where workers would not be injured after 50 per cent improvement. , Realizing I might be misunderstood to be advocating economy at the expense of good . conditions, I wish to emphasize that the ` purpose of the discussion is to suggest a , method of thinking, i.e., engineering think ing. It is part of a practical philosophy that recognizes when perfection must be fought for and when lesser objectives are i jnore suited to the strategy of plant im provement. More About Good Engineering We frequently complain that dust col lectors are commonly placed in a dark inaccessible corner and are forgotten im . mediately afterward--do not receive mainte nance attention accorded to direct production machines. The complaint is often justified. men---requiring the acquisition of a ttciv habit to accompany the production habits lot us admit that it is an imperfect solution -- that we arc placing a new habit burden on the worker. That having been realized one may then resolve to continue studying it for eventful development of a more nearly perfect solution. The flexible metal hose exhaust for weld ing fumes so widely employed during the war is a good illustration of this. It re quired worker collaboration -- therefore superhuman inspection, supervision and propaganda. It was a makeshift solution. In fine, if a worker complains that an ad justment he is expected to make, several times daily, is too inconvenient, I suggest that we consider him to be right until proved wrong. Let us look first to the mechanical adequacy of the device, and look with un prejudiced view. Over-Simplification Economics of a Problem Let's consider a factory ventilation prob* lem that involves several dust sources, c trol of which will cost a considerable su Assume, in this hypothetical case (1) t' all sources have been established, and (2) an estimate has been made of the relati But a system requiring excessive mainte nance cannot be said to be well-engineered. Dust collection systems that must be cleared of accumulations in the horizontal ducts ^tfery few weeks are not good systems. '} Systems whose ducts are constantly being battered and dented are not well-engineered, 'Hiere is great temptation in a short talk to distill some fundamental truths for the benefit of one's listeners, to send them away with some nuggets fe the form of simple statements about engineering air control. This is dangerous; it ha* resulted in the past in the spreading of some false notions. amounts of contamination produced by each; If, furthermore (3) the cost for exhaustiui or otherwise controlling each location hM been estimated, we have all the ingredi for a nice problem, which will illust" very useful economic thinking--which nr engineering thinking. f have prepared the table below to s>. bolizc such a ventilation problem. We have the picture of a problem which inclusion of item D in the coi system would only eliminate one per cent the total contaminant at a cost of 20 cent of the project. Item C accounts 50 per cent of the problem at a cost of two per cent of total. Depending on the specific nature of problem, we might decide to include trol for items C. D. E for control of 92 cent of total contaminant and a cost per cent of maximum; or we might in A, also; and in still other circutnsU control of item C alone might be perfsatisfactory, for a cost of only 2 per and control of 50 per cent. nor are dust collectors whose hoppers get This is illustrated, for example, by the , hammered concave. following descriptive phrases, easily und<r- Perhaps the most frequent complaint by fbnt operating men is that workmen refuse la use safety or ventilating appliances, such fel movable hoods, or swinging covers. No "t questions the thoughtlessness of humans the workmen. It has constantly to be ttmbatted. That is a major year-in-, year- stood when out of context wiih broader design principles, ie. that rate of an change is often a suitable basis for tstimating the required ventilation of an occu pied space. Thus we frequently see tabular values of air changes per hour required in various circumstances. I have gone into I tuk of the safety man. B*.I think we too frequently shift blame n workmen when it is the fault of inade.isis engineering. If we design a device pairing the conscious cooperation of work- this subject elsewhere and shall not tak* the time to dissect the false reasoning, other than to state that it is without foundation as a mode of procedure. . Another .f.a.vo,.r.i.t.e. v "distillation" is the fre quently stated principle that solvent vapors ECONOMICS OF A FACTORY VENTILATION PROBLEM (Industrial Hygiene Fowidation --Pittsburgh, Va ) Source of Contamination A R C D E Units of Contamination 5 1 40 10 20 %o( Total 7% 1% 50% 15% 27% Relative Cost $4 $10 $2 $10 $20 %of Total Cost K% 20% 2% 20% 50% 84 Wilt National Safety Cangrru, 1Q46 arc enough heavier than air that they sink to the floor or other low spare ami ap propriate ventilation is therefore designed in the form of exhaust which terminate near low points. In this rase, also, the idea is cited merely to illustrate our thesis. From the practical standpoint of design of indus trial ventilation it is less than a half-truth, ami leads to Considerable economic waste where it results in ventilation systems which fail in the task intended. I have suggested that strong efforts l* made to effect greater economies, and that this means superior engineering. The atti tude of "all or nothing" is not always practical and there are situations where half a loaf of bread is a successful accomplish ment Labor Management t ---------------------------------[ WEDNESDAY MORNING SESSION j, October 9, 1946 ' PresuUnfi: John W. (iinsoN, A'isklaril Secretary of I.ai>or. The Viewpoint oi the U. S. Department oi Labor By JOHN W. GJBSON Assistant Secretary of Labor . 1 am very sorry that Mr Verne Zimmer, Director of the Division of Labor Standwds, U. S. Department of Labor, couldn't be here with all of his old friends this morning acting as chairman of this im|mrttnt meeting. I know you will all join with ' me in wishing him a speedy recovery ' This morning, we have a very important eiabject to discuss, and we have some very Ea*elligent and able people on this panel m Lpresent their points of view, on what, in ^America today, is perhaps one of our most controversial questions, the broad question |tf relations between labor and management, ^whether in the field of collective bargaining llad safety, or where ever their relationship l happens to meet. j?` In this meeting hall, filled as it is this ^morning. I feel compelled to say a few kyords to you that I am sure Verne Znn*er would have liked to have said to uni, |< vd then 1 will present my part in the pro'fram, following which we will hear from tother members of the panel. Before we i'dMe the meeting, we will try to summarize ytbe thinking of the panel and the audience jjl all important related questions feThe last labor-management safely session |T attended here was in 1943. We had the ESMk response in attendance at that meeting Ipwe have here today, only we had a much BnUer hall and couldn't get them all in. |*n* picture has changed some, hut not a gjpttt deal. At that meeting we adopted an Dm point program. The eight point proEna was again adopted in 1944, and 1 think pi order to get this meeting off properly, it u only a very short program, that 1 will attd those eight points, and from there we Mi resume our discussion. Point I, was a promotion of safety, which should he just as definite ami objective of labor as wages ami working conditions. I'oint 2, management should actively seek labor's cooperation. Point 3, education m what safety means, should he stressed by management anti labor to the end that the attack on unsafe conditions and practice", can be instituted at the job level through full knowledge by every worker of the principles of safety. Point 4. the cooperation of workers must be sought without detracting in any way from the necessity for expert and profes sional safety guidance in the plant. Point 5, plant safety committees should always function in full coordination with and under the official sponsorship of the plant safety department Point 6, the basic responsdidit\ fur safety and the safely piogram. is that of management Labor recognizes that its cooperative effort must he dovetailed into management's structure with recognition of the authority of management, that runs concurrently with its basic responsibility Point 7, the physical condition of the plant, with respect to cleanliness, sanitation, and general housekeeping, is an essential factor in any safety program. Point 8, it is our opinion, and we request the president of the National Safety Council to com municate to the heads of organized labor that we feel full cooperation of organized labor is desired with the National Safety Council in order to put across the best safety program that we can. That was the extent of the principles adopted twice by groups similar to this one I know that Mr Zimmer was thinking of discussing this morning the trend in the 85