Document DDmykb8mV6j8Qo8QOxvXY5bjM

EPA-650/2-74-087 September 1974 ft Environmental Protection Technology Series =!-! S&SSSjSSS `.'V.'.V.V.V. PRO' ;j*?*'*jj*??*'"'** yv.#.v.\V*y 15196618 VW- * $\ -.Ag;;,? 1ifj y&v;f IS ;'vv-;A^ :-.-i ,'vA EPA-650/2-74-087 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ASBESTOS EMISSIONS FROM INCIDENTAL SOURCES OF ASBESTOS '- * ':`.s * /fV' . .-> 1 5-=A.A 'A by R. J. Kuryvial, R.A. Wood, and R.E. Barrett Battelle, Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201 Contract No. 68-02-0230 Task 24 Program Element No. 1AB015 ROAP No. 21AFA-004 EPA Project Officer: D.K. Oestreich Control Systems Laboratory National Environmental Research Center Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 Prepared for OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT U.S . ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 September 1974 15196619 This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ii 15196620 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page OBJECTIVE............................... 1 APPROACH............................... 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................. 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................. 3 Asbestiform Minerals of Interest .............................................. Geologic Occurrence of AsbestiformPhases. ...... Geographic Distribution of Areas Likely to Contain Asbestiform Minerals.................................................................... 3 \5 11 APPROACH AND RESULTS...................................................................................... 16 Occurrence of Asbestiform Minerals InOres....................... Selection of Sources for Field Sampling................................ Field Sampling at Two Sites............................... 16 22 22 GLOSSARY................................................................................................................. 40 APPENDIX A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AS AN ACCESSORY MINStAL AND MINING ACTIVITY IN THESE AREAS. . . A- 1 Alabama...................... Alaska.................................................................................................... Arizona..................................................................................................... Arkansas ........................................................................................... California.................................................................. Colorado............................................................................................... Connecticut........................................ Delaware............................................................................................... Florida............................................................................ Georgia............................................................................................... Hawaii.......................................................................................................... Idaho.......................................................................................................... Illinois..................................................................................................... Indiana..................................................................................................... Iowa.............................................................................................................. Kansas.......................................................................................................... Kentucky................................................................................................ Louisiana................................................................................................. Maine.......................................................................................................... Maryland........................................................................ 1 8' 15 26 43 47 51 55 62 69 73 77 79 82 85 90 92 iii 151966^1 54 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) .gage Massachusetts........................................................................................... A-102 Michigan.......................................................... 107 Minnesota............................................ Ill Mississippi........................................................................................... 123 Missouri................................................. 125 Montana..................................................... 133 Nebraska............................................................................................... 140 Nevada......................................................................................... 144 New Hampshire...................................................................................... 150 New Jersey...................... 154 New Mexico ........................................................................................... 157 New York...................... 165 North Carolina.................................................................................. 172 North Dakota...................................................................................... 180 Ohio ........................................................................................................ 183 Oklahoma............................................................................................... 185 Oregon.................................................................................................... 191 Pennsylvania .. ................................ .......... 197 Rhode Island...................................................................................... 203 South Carolina.................................................................................. 208 South Dakota.......................'............................................................ 220 Tennessee................................................. 227 Texas........................................................................................................ 231 Utah........................................ 236 Vermont............................................................................ 246 Virginia....................... ....................... ............................................. 252 . Washington............................................................... 258 West Virginia..................................................................................... 269 Wisconsin. ...... ......................................... ..... 272 Wyoming................................... 278 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Serpentinite Belts of North America ............................ Figure 2. Specific Sites Containing High Concentrations of Asbestiform Phases........................................................... Figure 3. Geographic Distribution of Igneous-Metamorphic Rock Terrains........................................................................ Figure 4. The U.S. 1970Population Density byCounty. . . Figure 5. Asbestos Sampling Network Locations Grace Mine......................................................................... Figure 6. Asbestos Sampling Network Locations Charman Plant........................................................................ Figure 7. Sampling Site "A"(Sampler Located at "X" on Roof).................................................................................. Figure 8. Sampling Site "C"(Sampler Located at "X" on Roof)................................ -.......................................... .... Figure 9. Sampling Site "D" (Sampler Located at "X"). . . Figure 10. Sampler at Site"G" ........................................................... Figure 11. Sampler at Site"H" .................................................. Figure 12. Sampler at Site"I"............................................................ Figure 13. Sampler at Site"J"............................................................ Figure 14. Sampler at Site"K" . Figure 15. Sampler at Site"L" ........................................................... Figure 16. Charman Plant ........................................................... Figure 17. Sampling Rig............................................................................... 7 13 1415 26 27 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 V 15196623 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Figure A-l. Page Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Alabama ................................ A-3 Figure A-2. Map of Area of Alabama Containing Metamorphic Rocks. . A-4 Figure A-3. Occurrence of Amphibolite (Massive and Layered) With Chlorite Schist......................................................................................A-5 Figure A-4. Figure A-5. Geological Features of Alaska.......................................................A-9 Copper Occurrences and Production....................... ...................... A-17 Figure A-6. Occurrence of Amphibole Minerals in Arizona.......................... A-20 Figure A-7. Figure A-8. Chrysotlle Asbestos Deposits . ................................................. A-21 Occurrence of Igneous Rock and Metallic Mineralization in Arkansas...................... A-27 Figure A-9. Map Showing Areas of California Which Have Favorable Geologic Conditions for the Formation of Asbestiform Minerals................................................................................................... A-35 Figure A-10. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Colorado ....................... A-44 Figure A-ll. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rocks in Connecticut .... A-48 Figure A-12. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Delaware ....................... A-52 Figure A-13. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Georgia................................................................... A-56 Figure A-14. Map of the Hawaiian Archipelago..................................................... A-63 Figure A-15. Talc Occurrence on Island of Oahu............................... A-65 Figure A-16. Asbestos Occurrence in Idaho ...... ............................ A-70 Figure A-17. Areas of Asbestos Occurrence in Illinois ....... A-74 Figure A-18. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Iowa . . A-80 Figure A-19. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Kansas ................... .... A-83 Figure A-20. Areas of Kentucky Where Igneous Rocks Are Found. . . . A-86 Figure A-21. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Eastern Kentucky .... A-87 Vi 15196624 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page Figure A-22. Occurrence of Igneous Rock in Western Kentucky .... A-87 Figure A-23. Occurrence of Asbestos Rock in Maine.................................... A-93 Figure A-24. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Maryland....................... A-98 Figure A-25. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Massachusetts. . . . A-103 Figure A-26. Detailed Map Showing Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Massachusetts..................................................................................A-104 Figure A-27. Occurrence of Asbestos in Michigan.................. ...................... A-I08 Figure A-28. Geological Features of Minnesota ............................................. A-112 Figure A-29. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Missouri............................................. .... ............................... .... ... A-12 6 Figure A-30. Detail Map of Area of Missouri Where Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks Occur.................................................................... A-127 Figure A-31. Major Geological Regions of Montana......................................... A-134 Figure A-32. Asbestos and Talc Rock Occurrence in Western Montana........................................................................................................ A-13 6 Figure A-33. Geologic Bedrock Map of Nebraska............................................. A-141 Figure A-34. Mineral Deposits in Nevada ......................................... .... A-146 Figure A-35. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in New Hampshire. ... A-152 Figure A-36. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in New Jersey...................A-155 Figure A-37. Physiographic Provinces of New Mexico and Asbestos Occurrence............................................................................................... A-158 Figure A-38. Occurrence of Copper and Gold in New Mexico....................... A-160 . V Figure A-39. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in New York..........................A-166 Figure A-40. Detailed Map of Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in New York....................................................................................................A-167 Figure A-41. Detailed Map of Area Around Gouverneur, New York, Showing Talc and Zinc Mining Activity.....................................A-169 vii 15196625 LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) -ggSe Figure A-42. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in North Carolina...................A-173 Figure A-43. Geographic Distribution of Ultramafic Rock Bodies in North Carolina........................... ................................... .... A-174 Figure A-44. Geographic Distribution by Counties of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone in Western North Carolina...................A-175 Figure A-45. Geological Map of North Dakota ................................................. A-181 Figure A-46. Occurrence of Igneous Rock In Oklahoma ............................... A-186 Figure A-47. Detailed Map Showing Geological Features of South Central Oklahoma .................................................................... A-187 Figure A-48. Geomorphic Regions of Oregon ...................................................... A-192 Figure A-49. Asbestiform Mineral Occurrences in Oregon.................... A-195 Figure A-50. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Pennsylvania.... A-198 Figure A-51. Detail Map Showing Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Southeastern Pennsylvania ....................................................... A-199 Figure A-52. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Rhode Island............... A-204 Figure A-53. Detailed Map of Metamorphic Rock in Rhode Island... A-205 Figure A-54. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in South Carolina...........A-209 Figure A-55. Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone In South Carolina .........................................................................................A-210 Figure A-56. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in South Dakota.....................................................................................A-221 Figure A-57. Geological Features of the Black Hills Area of South Dakota.....................................................................................A-222 Figure A-58. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Tennessee............... A-228 Figure A-59. Metamorphic Rock Distribution in Eastern Tennessee . . A-229 Figure A-60. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Texas.......................................................................................................A-232 Figure A-61. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock inUtah . . A-237 Figure A-62. Mineral Operations in Salt Lake County, Utah ................. A-238 viii 15196626 ....... &$%$$ / - c'.'i'' & ;?1ft*C-*hk. J* V yjy. 7 *5?;V -IrViv 1 ! LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) Page Figure A-63. Occurrence of Hetamorphic Rock in Vermont............................ A-247 Figure A-64. Occurrence of Chrysotile, Talc, and Soapstone in Vermont ............................................................................. .... . . . A-248 Figure A-65. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Virginia ....................... A-253 Figure A-66. The Occurrence of Amphibolc Asbestiform Minerals, Talc, and Soapstone Within the Metamorphic Rock Bodies of Virginia .................................................. .... A-254 Figure A-67. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Washington............................ A-2 62 Figure A-68. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in West Virginia. . . . A-270 Figure A-69. Occurrence of Metamorphic Rock in Wisconsin. ................... A-273 Figure A-70. Geological Map of Wyoming....................... .... .................................... A-279 Figure A-71. Occurrence of Igneous and Metamorphic Rock in Wyoming........................ A-280 * ix 15196627 <**. TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) LIST OF TABLES Page /-"It"Vm1v'A* ,,`V<. a.--. /.*,,.... Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table A- 1. V- T Table A- 2. Table A- 3. Table A- 4. Table A- 5. Table A- 6. Table A- 7. Teble A- 8. Table A- 9. Table A-10. Table A-ll* ,'3t&6`sas&?> Table A-12. Table A-13. Table A-14. fable A-15. T- 'le A-16. TfY e A-17. Te' le A-18. ** Table A-19. Table A-20. Principal Asbestiform Mineral Phases ....... 4 Specific Mining Districts Investigated ....................... 17 Specific Sites Having Possible AsbestosEmissions 23 Filter Designation and Air Sample Volumes................... 35 Meteorological Observations.................................................. 36 Meteorological Observations................................................ 37 Analyses of Field Samples.................................................. 39 The Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone in Alabama (From USGS MR-17 and MR-31) .... A- 2 Principal Mineral Producers in Alabama ................... A- 6 Mineral Production in Alaska ... ...... A-10 Principal Mineral Producers in Alaska ..... A-ll Copper Deposits in Arizona............................................. A-18 Value of Mineral Production in Arizona, by County.................................................................... Principal Mineral Producers in Arizona . . A-23 Value of Mineral Production in Arkansas, by County.................................. ................................. A-30 Principal Mineral Producers in Arkansas. . A-31 Asbestos Occurrences in California ... . A-36 Mining Activity in California........................... A-40 Value of Mineral Production in Colorado, by County.................................................................... A-46 Asbestos Deposits in Connecticut ................... A-47 Mineral Activity in Connecticut....................... A-49 Principal Mineral Producers in Delaware . A-53 Value of Mineral Production in Florida, by county.................................................................... A-54 Counties of Northern Georgia of Primary Interest .................................................................... A-58 The Occurrence of Asbestos in Georgia..................... A-59 The Occurrence of Talc and Soapstone in Georgia. A-60 Hawaiian Minerals.................................................................... A-64 X 15196628 , \ ,, . . * .V ' A . ' . Am ' ...-v" r - vj* . ` : \ - ' V \ mtm i T '- _.1 ^ .. * - u ?/ , * < -..wffnWv.'ir-.-N-'i ' -: TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) LIST OF TABLES Page Table A-21. Table A-22. Table A-23. Principal Mineral Producers in Hawaii .... Value of Mineral Production in Idaho, by County .................. ............ Mining Activity in Idaho............................................. A-66 A-71 A-71 Table A-24. Value of Mineral Production in Illinois . . . Table A-25. Value of Mineral Production in Indiana. . . . A-75 A-78 Table A-26. Table A-27. Table A-28. Value of Mineral Production in Iowa ..... Value of Mineral Production in Kansas .... Value of Mineral Production in Kentucky . A-81 A-84 A-89 Table A-29. Value of Mineral Production in Louisiana. . . Table A-30. Occurrences of Asbestos and Talc in Maine . . A-91 A-94 Table A-31. Mineral Proudction in Maine ... ................... A-95 Table A-32. Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone Deposits in Maryland ............................................................... A-99 Table A-33. Mining Activity in Maryland ................................ A-100 Table A-34. Occurrences of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone in Massachusetts. . ............................................. A-105 Table A-35. Mining Activity in Massachusetts....................... Table A-36. Value of Mineral Production in Michigan . . A-106 A-110 Table A-37. Principal Mineral Producers in Minnesota. . A-113 Table A-38. Value of Mineral Production in Minnesota. . A-120 Table A-39. Value of Mineral Production in Mississippi. A-124 Table A-40. Value of Mineral Production in Missouri. . A-12,9 Table A-41. Principal Mineral Producers in Missouri. . A-130 Table A-42. The Occurrence of Asbestos and Talc in Montana.................................................................... A-137 Table A-43. Principal Mineral Producers in Montana. . . A-138 Table A-44. Principal Mineral Producers in Nebraska . . A-142 Table A-45. Value of Mineral Production in Nevada . . . A-147 Table A-46. Nevada Talc Occurrence......................................... .... A-147 Table A-47. Principal Mineral Producers in Nevada . . . A-149 Table A-48. Soapstone Deposits in New Hampshire .... A-151 Table A-49. Current Quarrying Activities in New Hampshire ^153 Table A-50. Quarrying Activity in New Jersey. ..... A-156 Table A-51. Value of Mineral Production in New Mexico . A-161 xi 15196629 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) LIST OF TABLES Page Table A-52. Principal Mineral Producers in New Mexico . . . Table A-53. Occurrence of Asbestos and Talc in New York . . Table A-54. Quarrying Activity in New York. ................................ Table A-55. The Occurrence of Asbestos by County in Western North Carolina.................................................. Table A-56. The Occurrence of Talc and Soapstone by Latitude and Longitude in Western North Carolina . . . Table A-57. Mining Activity in North Carolina ............................ Table A-58. Value of Mineral Production in North Dakota . . Table A-59. Value of Mineral Production in Ohio ....... Table A-60. Value of Mineral Production in Oklahoma .... Table A-61. Principal Mineral Producers in Oklahoma. . . . Table A-62. Metallic Occurrences in Oregon. . . ..... Table A-63. Asbestos, Olivine, Serpentine, and Diopside Occurrences in Oregon .................................................. Table A-64. Value of Mineral Production in Oregon ...................... Table A-65. Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone in Pennsylvania.................................................................... Table A-66. Principal Minerals Produced in Pennsylvania . . Table A-67. Occurrences of Asbestos and Talc in Rhode Island Table A-68. Mining Operations in Rhode Island ................................. A-162 A-168 A-171 A-176 A-177 A-178 A-182 A-184 A-188 A-189 A-194 A-195 A-196 A-200 A-202 A-206 A-206 Table A-69. Mineral Producing Activities in Amphibolite Formations in South Carolina......................................... Table A-70. Mineral Producing Activities in Metamorphosed Zones of South Carolina ....................... ...... Table A-71. Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone . . . Table A-72. Value of Mineral Production in South Carolina . . Table A-73. Principal Mineral Producers in South Carolina . . Table A-74. Value of Mineral Production in South Dakota . . . able A-75. Principal Mineral Producers of South Dakota ... Cable A-76. Value of Mineral Production in Tennessee................... Table A-77. Principal Mineral Production in Asbestiform Areas of Texas.................................................................... Table A-78. Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone Occurrences in Texas.................................................................................. Teble A-79. Mineral Commodities and Operators, Salt Lake County, Utah............................................................................ A-208 A-213 A-216 A-217 A-218 A-225 A-226 A-230 A-231 A-233 A-239. xii 3319663 TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) LIST OF TABLES Page Table A-80. Utah Mineral Conmodities and Producers. . . . A-243 Table A-81. Asbestos and Talc Deposits in Vermont .... A-249 Table A-82. Vermont Mineral Producers ......................................... A-250 Table A-83. Occurrence of Asbestos, Talc, and Soapstone in Virginia....................................................................A-255 Table A-84. Mineral Production by Counties in Virginia. . A-256 Table A-85. Value of Mineral Production in Washington . . A-261 Table A-86. Metamorphic Rock Occurrence in Washington . . A-263 Table A-87. Principal Mineral Producers in Washington . . A-267 Table A-88. Value of Mineral Production in West Virginia. A-271 Table A-89. Value of Mineral Production in Wisconsin. . . A-275 Table A-90. Principal Mineral Producers in Wisconsin. . . A-276 Table A-91. Asbestos Occurrences in Wyoming ......................... A-281 Table A-92. Talc and Soapstone Occurrences in Wyoming. . A-283 Table A-93. Mineral Production in Wyoming................................ A-284 Table A-94. Principal Mineral Producers in Wyoming . . . A-285 xiii 15196631 OBJECTIVE The objective of this task is threefold: 1. To identify mining operations that involve ore or ganeue containing asbestos as an accessor mineral. 2. To estimate emissions to the air of asbestos from sources identified above. 3. To collect and analyze ambient air samples in the vicinity of the two sources identified above that have the probable most serious environmental consequence. Each of these objectives parallels one of the first three subtasks as identified in EPA Task Order 24 dated October 19, 1973. APPROACH Battelle-Columbus* approach to identifying ore and gangue mining operations that utilize material containing asbestos as an accessory mineral was to assemble and review available geological literature. One of the prime literature sources to be utilized in this task was information obtained from state geologists. Other information sources included Federal sources and miscellaneous published literature. This information was assembled and reviewed to identify minine areas where the ore is known to contain significant amounts of asbestos. Once the areas where ore contains significant quantities of asbestos were identified, Battelle proceeded to identify and quantify the type and scale of mining operations being conducted in those areas* 15196632 vVV^C,'-'; t"*'u.>v ,v`"i-.v' ,.<.A\ As-'- . %." .1" . .ri. $# --V . fell &ij^ 'vyi j*. . I8jjfci J'S-i.i l'# V-<: v^V>;: * *V. .*' A** *..* -. : v^' 2 Sixteen specific large-scale mining operations were identified and treated nn an Individual basis. For the 16 specific large-scale mining operations, the following were estimated or determined annual volume of ore handled asbestos content of ore type of operations conducted type of air pollution-control equipment population distribution within vicinity of the source. Using this data, and with the concurrence of the Project Officer, two sources of the "most probable serious environmental consequence" were selected. Short-term sampling and analysis programs were conducted to better quantify emissions from the two sources having most probable serious environmental consequence. These sampling programs involved ambient high- volume sampling of air in the vicinity of the mining operations. Analyses of the ambient air samples for asbestos were con ducted by Battelle-Columbus. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The literature indicated that asbestos is present as an accessory mineral in sienificant quantity in ores mined in many areas of the United \ States and much mining activity occurs in these areas. The limited sampling and analysis done during this study did not support the hypotheses that . a health hazard exists. A health hazard is defined as the exposure of populations to significant asbestos concentrations in the air.__Bascd_on the very limited sampling conducted for this program, it was found that persons living in the vicinity of two large mining operations working asbestos-containing ore were not exposed to asbestos concentrations above ;hose frequently encountered in ambient air. The maximum concentration 3 determined was 0.009 ng/m (based on 24-hour sample), whereas concentrations of 0.001 to 0.01 have been encountered by Battelle-Columbus in other ambient sampling programs. 15196633 There Is little question that the sampling and analytical work conducted .under this study was extremely limited in scope and-resources. Because of the serious health aspects of asbestos as an air pollutant, it Is recommended that a much broader sampling and analysis program be conducted to establish if there is a problem and the extent of the problem. SAC^CT.C'JND INFORMATI?" Asbestiform Minerals of Interest The term asbestos is a general name given to a number of minerals having a fibrous form and is more related to the economic uses of the ic material character. The fibrous mineral phases which are of primary con cern in this study are listed in Table 1. Each of these phases can exhibit acicular-shaped grains. All except chrysotile belong to a family of silicate minerals which are termed amphiboles. Chrysotile belongs to the serpentine group of minerals, which includes the nonfibrous polymorph phase antigorite. Composittonally, the amphiboles are hydrous silicates of magnesium, iron, calcium, sodium, and aluminum which in general crystallize in the acicular form of fibrous crystals. Each member ojf the amphibole family has in common the crystallographic property of excellent prismatic, cleavage, in which the cleavage surface make characteristic angles of .56 degrees and 124 degrees to each other. It is_this, cleavage.jyhich. causes,,the...mineral to fragment into fibers. This property distineuishes the amphibole group from all other minerals and is also the property which causes the amphiboles to fracture into the long, needlelike fibers observed during the mining and processing of amphibole-bearing ores. * A glossary of terms is included on pages 40 through 42 15196634 The amphiboles are generally considered in terms of five series. These are (1) anthophyllite-gedrite, (2) cummingtonite-grunerite, (3) tremolite-actinolite, (4) hornblende, and (5) soda amphibole. In the anthophyllite series magnesium predominates over iron, while aluminum can substitute for silicon and magnesium in the structure up to the limit shown in gedrite. In the cummingtonite series, the ratio Fe:(Fe + Mg) ranges from 1 to about O.4., The iron-rich varieties of cummingtonite are termed grunerite. Amosite is another name for fibrous grunerite. Here there is some ambiguity in nomenclature as to the point where cumming tonite is sufficiently iron rich to be called grunerite or when grunerite is sufficiently fibrous to be termed amosite. The tremolite-actinolite series contains essential calcium in the structure. Tremolite refers to the magnesium-rich variety and actinolite to the iron-rich variety. TABLE 1. PRINCIPAL ASBESTIFORM MINERAL PHASES Chrysotile / Anthophyllite Gedrite Cummingtonite Grunerite Tremolite Actinolite Glaucophane Riebeckite ^, i 1 -- Mg3 [Si05] (0H)4 (Mg, Fe*2)? [Sig022] (OH,F)2; (Mg > Fe) (Mg, Fe+2)5 Al2 [Si6Al2C^2] (OH,F>2 (Mg, Fe+2)? [Sig022] (0H)2; (Fe > Mg) (Fe+2, Mg)? [Sig022] (0H)2; (Fe Mg) Ca? (Mg)[SiR09?] (OH),, Ca2 (Fe+2, Mg)5 [SigO^] (0H)2 Na2 ^3^2^ ^Si822^ ^H^2 Na2 (Fe3 2) [Sig022] (0H)2 i5196635 Hornblende, NaCa2 (Mg, Fe, Al) , [(Si, Al)g 022](OH)2, has a wide range of chemical compositions and a correspondingly wide range of physical properties. Hornblende, though nearly ubiquitos in occurrence, is seldom seen in a fibrous fora and for this reason will not be dealt with at any length in this study. The principal members of the soda amphiboles are the magnesiim-rich variety glaucophase and the iron-rich variety riebeckite. Crocidolite is the term generally given to the fibrous form of riebeckite. Geologic Occurrence of Asbestiform Phases To quantitatively assess the magnitude of fugitive asbestos emissions in the mining industry, a necessary first step is to determine how large a segment of the industry has asbestos as a gangue constituent in the ore. In general, only the larger mining companies have detailed knowledge of gangue mineralogy and, of these, only the more classic examples of ore bodies are reported in the literature. Because of this scarcity of data, it is necessary to predict the mining areas_whioh-are-----most likely to have gangue asbestos from the geologic settings of the areas. This is possible because chrysotile and the amphiboles occur only under specific types of geologic conditions in the earth crust. Knowing geographically where these favorable, settings occur and the coincidence of mining activity within .these areas is a first step in assessing .the magnitude of the fugitive asbestos in the industry. The geologic settings where the asbestiform phases given in Table A occur are discussed below. Chrysotile. Chrysotile asbestos is the fibrous polymorph of the metamorphic mineral termed serpentine. Serpentine is really a group of secondary minerals resulting from the alteration of magnesium-bearing minerals, such as olivine (the most common source), enstatite, hornblende, tremolite, and augite. Serpentinite is the name applied to rock units which consist almost entirely of minerals of the serpentine group, all of which are to be ascribed to late- or post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration of pyroxen 15196636 and olivine in the igneous rocks pyroxehite, peridotite, and dunite. Most serpentinites are composed chiefly of the flaky serpentine mineral antigorite. Antigorite forms when the rock is subjected to stresses, while fibrous chrysotite is formed in unstressed rocks. All serpentinites are soft and massive and are usually found in veins with any fibers perpendicular to the walls of the veins. The ultramafic (magnesium-iron rich) igneous rocks which lead to the formation of chrysotile can occur as extensive, peridotite and serpentinite belts or as small intrusive plutons. A swarm of small ultramafic bodies extend for 1600 miles along the Appalachian Mountains from the Saint Lawrence estuary to North Carolina. . Several hundred individual lenses, rarely exceeding 100 yards, occur in North Carolina alone. Similar swarms of ultramafic sills, sheets, and plugs of serpentinized peridotite, which invade the Franciscan sedimentary rocks, occur in the coast range of California and Oregon. Figure 1 shows the geographic location of these serpentinite belts. It is now recognized that serpentinite belts and related rocks follow the flanks of most of the great mountain chains and Island arcs. Anthophylllte-Gedrite. Anthophyllite and gedrite occur in a wide range of rocks of igneous and metamorphic origin. Anthophyllite is commonly developed, often with an asbestiform habit, during the regional metamorphism of ultramafic (Mg-Fe rich) rocks. In these cases it is associated with talc in anthophyllite-talc schists. Other modes include its occurrence as rims surrounding orthopyroxenes subjected to metamorphic activity, and as a homfels constituent within the metamorphic aureoles of intermediate intrusive. Anthophyllite is also characteristic of siliceous magnesium marbles and many schistose rocks. Anthophyllite is found in numerous small bodies in the Piedmont Province of the southeastern U.S., especially in North Carolina and Georgia. It also is known to occur in other localities of Pennsylvania and Montana. 1519663*7 ''Aii 7 V' -'!- ; rw, *>`. :.? : W$k `-V. - } .... t. . vv ...: ,^rx' :;V-' FIGURE 1. SERPENTINITE BELTS OF NORTH AMERICA (After H. H. Hess, Geol. Soc. Am. Spec., Paper 62) 15196638 8 Cumminetonite-Grunerite. Cummingtonite and grunerite are virtually confined to metamorphic rocks and are probably the least abundant of the amphiboles. Members of this series generally occur in metamorphased iron formations, but may also occur in middle grades of metamorphased mafic igneous rocks. Cummingtonite is a characteristic mineral in schists at the Homes take Mine in South Dakota and is a characteristic mineral of homfels at several localities in California. Grunerite is a characteristic mineral of metamorphased iron**rich siliceous sediments and is very prominent in some of the iron ores of the Lake Superior region, notably the magnetite ores of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Tremolite-Actinolite. Tremolite and actinolite are essentially metamorphic minerals and occur in contact metamorphic deposits, in schists and gneisses, and in metamorphic limestones. They are also found as a replacement of pyroxene in igneous rocks. Tremolite is probably the most common fibrous amphibole and is most characteristic of mstmorphmipH dolomltic limestone, while actinolite occurs in rocks richer in iron. Tremolite can occur in calcium-rich gneisses. These rocks fre quently consist of two or three mineral combinations as diopsiide-tremolite or diopside-phiogophite-tremolite, or grossularite-diopside-wollastonite. The calcium-rich gneisses generally result from the contact and regional metamorphism of limestones and dolomites containing large amounts of sand and clay. In some cases the injection of limestones and dolomite by granitic material may result in the development of calcium gneisses. Examples of calcium-rich gneisses are reported from the North Conway quadrangle of the White Mountains, New Hampshire, and in the LittletonMoosilauke and Mount Washington areas. New Hampshire. Marbles often contain tremolite and are formed either by contact or regional metamorphism of carbonate rocks. Usually tremolite occurs in marbles subjected to higher temperatures of formation. Although marbles are composed chiefly of carbonate minerals, minor and variable silicates as accessories are always present. In magnesium limestone there is a large development of tremolite and olivine. Silicates and other accessories may be concentrated in thin streaks or bands or in granular j.5^6639 to radial aggregates. Olivine may alter to chrysotile and form a network of veinlets. Tremolite and actinolite may also occur in skarns. These are rocks occurring in the lime-silicate zone at the junction between marbles and plutonic rocks. Often these rocks will be nearly monomineralic in tremolite. Actinolite commonly occurs in certain low-grade schists. In many cases it is the chief constituent of green-colored Schists and greenstones. Schists of low-grade metamorphism are mostly confined to the outer and upper zones of areas affected by regional metamorphism. Actinolite and tremolite can also occur in greenschists, which are formed by low-grade regional metamorphism from mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Frequently the actinolite of such rocks has had its origin in the pyroxene contained in the igneous rocks from which the metamorphic type has been derived. Actinolite sometimes occurs in parallel inter growths with homblende> or in crystals sharply rimmed by hornblende. The asbestos form of actinolite has been found in the metamorphic rocks in various states along the Appalachian Mountains. Occurrences are at Bare Hills, Maryland, Franklin, New Jersey, Delaware, and Chester counties, Pennsylvania, Chester, Massachusetts, and Windham, Vermont. Glaucophane-Rlebeckite. Glaucophane and members of this sodic variety of amphiboles are not very common and largely confined to lowand medium-grade metamorphic rocks, as schists and gneisses. Glaucophanebearlng rocks are usually located in folded geosynclinal terrains and are commonly associated with greenschists and epidote amphibolites. In the Coast Range of California and elsewhere, glaucophane schists, occur in localized areas together with narrow layers or sills of serpentlnite within the sedimentary formations. The Coast Range formation is an altered series of typical geosynclinal sedimentary rocks. Outcrops of glaucophane schists within the formation are generally irregular and discontinuous. Glaucophane schists are metamorphically derived from rocks of diverse composition, such as basalts, diabase, calcareous sedimentary rocks, graywacke, sandstone, and iron-rich chert. 15196640 Riebeckite Is found both in metamorphic and igneous rocks. In the latter it occurs especially in soda-rich granites, rhyolites, granitic pegmalites, syenites, nepheline. syenites, and trachytes. Riebeckite is found in a few low-grade regionally metamorphased schist and has been reported in rocks of the Green River oil shale formation of northeast Utah. The transformation of riebeckite to fibrous crocidolite is thought to result from the instability of the massive riebeckite during periods of shearing stress. Crocidolite has been noted in metamorphased iron formation. 15196641 11 Geographic Distribution of Areas Likely to Contain Asbestiform Minerals The geologic environments or settings in Which asbestiform minerals tend to occur were discussed above for each mineral subgroup of interest. It is apparent from the discussion that chrysotile and the amphiboles occur only in metamorphic and igneous rock terrains or in weathered sediments in close proximity to these rock types. This fact narrows considerably the geographic areas of the U.S. which need be of concern in a fugitive asbestos study. Areas underlain largely by sedi mentary rocks, as sandstone, shale, and limestone, are very unlikely to have asbestiform occurrences and thus any mining activity taking place within these areas should not be considered suspect. Mining activity carried out within metamorphic or igneous rock terrains, however, should be considered as potential sources of fugitive asbestos until the ore fraa been mineralogically examined. Of the two types of terrains, metamorphic mcks appear to be much more like-ly_SOurc.es of ashestQS-than-igneoim--no^ka. For this reason, mining sites within metamorphic rock terrains should receive greatest attention in determining fugitive asbestos emissions. Probably 30 to 40 percent of the continental U.S. -tromajj.ately underlain by metamorphic or igneous rock types. Within these areas the original sedimentary-type rocks have generally either been intruded by molten igneous rocks or have been compressed and buckled by large-scale crustal movements.- When molten igneous rock is emplaced within sedimentary rock, the high temperatures and solutions produced convert or metamorphose the normal mineralogy of the sedimentary rock to another assemblage of minerals, ones often containing asbestiform phases. The igneous rock itself, depending on composition and other environmental factors, may also crystallize asbestiform phases directly or may later alter to asbestiform phases. Sedimentary rocks which have been deeply buried within the crust or which have been subjected to high compressional forces within the crust are often converted to metamorphic rocks. Here the original mineralogy is converted to a secondary mineral assemblage, the nature of which depends on rock chemistry, temperature, and pressure. 15196642 ty .A*v u 12 To the first approximation, those areas of the U.S. which contain igneous or metamorphic rocks are fairly well known. Figure 2 shows the geographic distribution of these areas and compiles in formation gathered from the various literature sources reviewed in this study. In the eastern states, the large northeast trending area con taining igneous and metamorphic rocks corresponds with the Appalachian Mountain Province. In the western states, these areas also correspond with areas of large-scale crustal movement which resulted in igneous intrusions and mountain building. Figure 2 shows specific localities where high concentrations of asbestiform phases have been observed in the underlying bedrock. These sites correspond perfectly with the igneous-metamorphic terrains shown in Figure 3. Areas of the U.S. containing igneous and metamorphic rocks are dealt with in some detail in Appendix A. Here there is a stateby-state treatment of suspect areas and a discussion of mining activity within those areas. Figure 4 shows the population density of the U.S., by county, as of 1970. A comparison of this figure with Figure 3 indicates those portions of the U.S. having a high population density and also having a high potential for fugitive asbestos emissions. The most critical areas appear to be in eastern Pennsylvania, southeastern New York, southwestern Connecticut, the San Francisco area, and the Los Angeles .area. Fortunately, there is little in the way of heavy mining in fchese areas. Most mining is confined to small underground mines or small quarries. In most cases areas containing igneous or metamorphic ropk which do support heavy mining activity tend to be sparsely populated. 15196643 13 -N ' s W * H' cm V >* V . V-i . '*' o V,;-".-v 'J & H 3 S Sk?#? pis IMIS'S o6 MO & V; . :\V.;' o s oo P'i'V'-T.Sv. 'W* -.. Haw Hi CO uM ms& k< -.* . v" CO `&Vr:& *. c u,;. ::V.;*..'/-` 'JP7 * / M J' , ( . /: y.v .vj ;.v' \.;*' 15196644 'v.t,./. >V'iVy 15 APPROACH AND RESULTS Occurrence of Asbestiform Minerals in Ores An attempt vas made in. this study to mineralogically characterize as many ore bodies as possible within the given time framework. This was done by contacting state and federal geologic agency personnel, by re viewing agency publications, and by reviewing appropriate mining journals for mention of asbestiform occurrences. In general, most available lite rature deals only with the ores minerals and their occurrences through out the deposits. Table 2 gives those mining districts or mines reviewed and lists whether or not references were found to indicate the presence * of asbestos in the ore. Of the 58 mining localities cited, 16 were indicated to have some form of asbestiform minerals present as gangue in the ore. Each of these is within the igneous-metamorphic suspect areas given in Figure 3. The 42 localities for which there was no indication of the occurrence of asbestiform minerals are not excluded as possible sources of asbestiform minerals. However, they were excluded from further con sideration due to lack of specific information showing the occurrence of asbestiform minerals. A discussion of the 16 localities where asbestiform minerals are known to occur follows. Menominee District. Central Dickinson County. Michigan. The Groveland Mine. Iron ore occurs in a long, narrow syncline containing metamorphased sedimentary formations. The sedimentary sequence dips steeply and is in unconformable or fault contact with granite or with foliated granitic gneiss that contains layers of amphibolite. It 1b moderately coarse grained, consisting mainly of hematite, magnetite, quartz, tremolite-actinolite. cummingtonite. diopside, garnet, and carbonate. * Possible asbestos emission sources considered in this study generally were limited to large mining districts. Small mining operations (quarry sand and gravel operations, etc.) in possible areas of asbestiform minerals were not considered in detail. 15196647 h~ ri TABLE 2 . SPECIFIC MINING DISTRICTS INVESTIGATED t*--- i Asbestiform Phases Known To Be Present in Ore No. Mining District and StateYes No 1 Birmingham Iron Ore District, Alabama X 2 Monument Valley Uranium Area, Arizona-Utah 3 Banner Copper-Silver-Lead-Zinc Mining District, Arizona X 4 Iron King Gold-Base Metal Mine, Arizona 5 Mineral Park Copper-Molybdenum District, Arizona 6 Magma Copper Mine, Arizona 7 Bagdad Copper Mine, Arizona 8 Bishop Tungsten District, California 9 Cordera Mercury Mine, Opalite Mining District, California X' 10 New Idria Mercury Mining District, California X 11 Climax Molybdenite Mine, Colorado 12 Gilman Base Metal District, Colorado 13 Leadville Base Metal-Precious Metal District, Colorado 14 Colorado Plateau Region Uranium-Vanadium Deposits 15 Grants Region Uranium Deposits, Colorado 16 Uravan Uranium-Vanadium Mineral Belt, Colorado 17 Coeur d'Alene Base Metal District, Idaho 18 Illinois-Kentucky Fluorite-Zinc-Lead MiningDistrict 19 Northern Michigan Native Copper Deposits 20 Marquette Iron Ore District, Michigan X 21 Menominee Iron Ore District, Michigan X 22 Southeast Missouri Lead District 23 Pea Ridge Iron Ore Body, Missouri 24 Tri-State Lead-inc Deposits of Missouri, Kansas, and Oklahoma 25 Butte Copper Mine, Montana 26 Carlin Gold Mine, Nevada 27 Eureka Mining District, Nevada 28 Mountain City Copper Mine, Nevada 29 Pioche District, Nevada 30 Gabbo Magnesite-Brucite Deposit, Nevada X 31 Central Base Metal Mining District, New Mexico X 32 Questa Molybdenum Mine, New Mexico 33 Balmat-Edwards District Zinc Deposits, New York X 34 Benson Mines Iron Ore Deposit, St. Lawrence, New York 35 Sanford Lake Titanium Ores, New York 36 Nickel Mountain Mine, Oregon 37 Cornwall Iron Ore Deposit, Pennsylvania X 38 Friedensville Zinc Mine, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania 39 Grace Mine Magnetite Deposit, Berks County, Pennsylvania X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 15196648 18 TABLE 2 . (Cont) Asbestiform Phases Present In Ore No. Mining District and StateYes ___________ No 40 Black Hills Uranium Deposits, South Dakota 41 Homestake Gold Mine, South Dakota 42 Ducktown Copper-Lead-Zinc District, Tennessee 43 Mascot-Jefferson City Zinc District, Tennessee 44 Lisbon Valley Area Uranium Deposits, Utah 45 Bingham Copper District, Utah 46 East Tintic Copper Mining District, Utah 47 Iron Springs Iron Ore District, Utah 48 Marysvale Uranium Mine, Utah 49 Main Tintic Mining District, Utah 50 Park City Gold Mining District, Utah 51 Spor Mountain Beryllium District, Utah 52 Austinville-Ivanhoe Lead-Zinc District, Virginia 53 Metaline Lead-Zinc District, Washington 54 Republic Gold Mining District, Washington 55 Van Stone Lead-Zinc Mine Area, Washington 56 Powder River Basin Uranium Deposits, Wyoming 57 Shirley Basin Uranium Deposits, Wyoming 58 Atlantic City Iron Ore District, ttyoming X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ' "i; -o ? \v: i .T .* VM . :>>. 15196649 19 Central Mining District. Grant County. New Mexico. Here lime stone, dolomite, shale, and sandstone units are faulted and Intruded by sills, laccoliths, plugs, stocks, and dikes, and in part covered by volcanic breccia. Around the margins of one stock the folded limestone and dolomite was massively replaced by tabular bodies of magnetite and sphalerite. Gangue minerals identified are quartz, serpentine, magnesite, idocrase, augite, wollastonite, talc, tremolite. blotite, actlnolite. epidole, and hedenbergite. Van Stone Mine Area. Stevens County. Washington. The Van Stone Mine occurs along a steeply S-shaped fold lying between an igneous intrusive on the west and a fault on the southwest. The host rocks are dolomites. Jasperoid and tremolite are common alteration minerals. The ore minerals, galena, jamesonlte, and sphalerite, occur in bunches intergrown with tremolite and jasperiod. New Idria Mercury Mining Deposit. California. This is a hydro thermal deposit of- cannabar, pyrite, and marcaslte occurring in country rock of sandstone, shales, greywackes, and serpentinites. The ore is in veins and stockworks that fill late fractures in the country rock. Bishop Tungsten District. Inyo County. California. Country rock around deposit consists of a series of tightly folded metasedimentary and metavolcanic rock remnants surrounded by exposed plutons ranging in composition from hornblende gabbro to alaskite. The ore bodies of the Bishop district consist of scheelite-bearing tactite formed by the replacement of calcareous rock along the contact with an acidic granitic intrusive. The Pine Creek mine is located along a quartz monzonlte contact with a large marble bed. A large breccia zone exits near, and partly in, some northern portion of the ore body. This zone is generally avoided during mining. Included with the breccias are small porous masses consisting of stilbite, clinozosite, actlnolite. phlogopite, and calcite. Cornwall Iron Ore Deposit (Bethlehem Steel Corporation). Pennsylvania. The ore consists of magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and hematite, in order of abundance. The major gangue minerals associated are actinolite and chlorite. Actinolite is almost universally associated with the magnetite ore. It occurs in slender prisms or needles. The deposit is a limestone replacement above a diabase sheet. Thermal metamorphism of carbonate bearing country rocks largely to calc-silicates, is ubiquitous. The ssociated mavne.tite-actinolite mineralization replaces all earlier 15196650 20 Grace Mine Magnetite Deposit. Berks County. Pennsylvania. Here magnetite is the major ore-mineral; pyrite and chalcopyrite are accessories. Serpentine, talc, and chlorite are the major gangue minerals, tremolite is present locally. Typically the ore consists of magnetite in a matrix of serpentine. The ore has replaced a Cambrian limestone lens isolated between a diabase footwall and a sedimentary rock hanging wall. Atlantic City Iron Ore District. Fremont County. Wyoming. A sedimentary iron*formation, similar to the Lake Superior taconltes, occurs in the northern part of the district. Quartz and magnetite make up 90 percent of the rock, while amphibole (grunerite or actinolite). chlorite, and garnet are sparingly present. The iron formation is very fine grained. Ducktown District Base Metal Deposits. Tennessee. Here massive sulfide ore bodies occur in highly folded metamorphic and sedimentary rock. The ore deposits are tabular bodies that have been extensively folded. The deposits are composed principally of pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite, Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, actinolite. tremolite, hornblende, garnet, and mica. Lenses are about 100 ft in width and generally conformable with enclosing graywacke and schist. Iron Mountain Mine. Missouri. The ore minerals occur principally as open-space fillings in fractured and brecciated andesite porphyry. The enclosing rocks consist of a series of dacite, rhyolite, and andesite flows. All the ore is in the andesite. One of the two main ore bodies is crudely dome shaped, the other shaped like an elongated lense. Hematite is the main ore mineral, magnetite is subordinate. Important gangue minerals are andradite, quartz, calcite, actinolite. apatite, epidote, and chlorite. HV '' V J > J >'- 7 \U mm vrJi&rz-& .s.-SA. `A-^W1 -j.2vJ Vi'.; L*v\ ' > ' *T ' ' V- tv* ` i '-y' u' ;v.>t Homestake Gold Mine. South Dakota. The Homestake Mine ore body occurs as a pipe-like replacement of an iron-magnesium carbonate rock unit along zones of cross-folding. Minerals present include pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, ankerite, cummlngtonite. sideroplesite, biotite, garnet, ,*V.96*51 - -S il albite, calcite, sericite, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, hematite, and gypsum. }* . Balmat-Edwards Lead-Zinc District. New York. The ores consist of sulfides, predominately sphalerite, pyrite, and accessory galena. The gangue is dolomitic crystalline limestone, highly silicated, so that the principal gangue minerals are diopside, tremolite. quartz, serpentine, and talc. Ore deposits are contained within marbles of the Precambrian Grenville series. .The district lies within the northeast-striking belt of Grenville lowlands and is underlain largely by highly deformed Pre cambrian metasediments. Tremolite occurs as a tremolite schist. Banner Mining District. Christmas Mine. Arizona. The deposit was formed by the intrusion of igneous rocks into folded and faulted sedimentary rocks. Contact metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration resulted in the deposition of ore minerals and also in the formation of amphibole phases. The ore deposit occurs in the form of veins and veinlet pipes, irregular massive replacements, and bedded replacements. Some clays, serpentine, and chlorite, resulting from hydrothermal alteration, are present near the intrusive contact. Within a replacement ore body of a limestone series, the gangue minerals are garnet, marble, clays, chlorite, diopside, and tremolite. In the deeper levels of the Christmas mine limestones and dolomites are extensively replaced by anhydrite and antigorite. These alteration products are interbedded with layers and lenses of other gangue minerals which include chondrodite, diopside, tremolite. actinolite. sericite, and chlorite. 15196652 Selection of Sources for Field Sampling In an effort to identify the two sites for the ambient sampling program (those sites showing the greatest environmental impact), available information was tabulated in Table 3. This information in cluded estimated production rates, asbestos content of ore and asbestos type, and population distribution near the plant. An effort has been made to learn more about operations and control equipment at the 16 sites listed in Table 3 by contacting local air pollution authorities. Summaries of what was learned in these contacts is tabulated under "Comments" in Table 3. Considering the potential asbestos emissions and the population within the vicinity of the plant, the list of sites most attractive for sampling were (1) Cornwall Mine, Cornwall, Pa. (if operating) (2) Grace Mine, Berks County, Pa. (3) .Charman Plant, Adams Co., Pa. (4) Balmat-Edwards, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y. It was subsequently confirmed that the Cornwall Mine was not operating at this time. On March 7 the Project Officer met with Battelle-Columbus staff to discuss the above data on candidate sampling sites and to choose two sites for the field sampling program. The Grace Mine and the Charman Plant were selected as the two sites to be sampled. Field Sampling at Two Sites Sampling was conducted at the Grace Mine between March 16 and 21, 1974, and at the Charman Plant between March 25 and 29, 1974. Samples were collected at six sampling stations for each of several 24-hour periods at each mine site. Sampling stations were selected to surround the mining site with the largest number of stations in the prevailing downwind direction. All stations were between 0.5 and 2.0 miles from the plant site. 15196653 TABLE 3. SPECIFIC SITES HAVING POSSIBLE ASBESTOS EMISSIONS 23 u9* *hO _ i*h II 9 m #a --4 --4 x m s ua x eo *u* S" H X 4 9V U X9 *1 !*J| SSI 8 2. u M ^ K<M V e Jj * 2 3Hg* c <h e SCOSMI 7 9v9 4J tLn ^o w 6ad--o4 m 944 m9 4x4 Vo 3 fi o v er h tt o. xu x 3a ss-*' "Z? sgS sr sj 4 |> fl 41 9 M 4t 9 04 O 59V xxx 9 1* 9 44 XX 9 MX 99la 9 " ml tt 6 5? 9m > e + fo wV9 9X il *4 *a^ 9X e x 3C :r8?S 2? :j 3c o 44 9 t -- --* m mm eig < OCV x *4 44 a x * e 90 1 b C *4 I -- mm m a O.X w j- e m e dM9 9 X X V NW_ >09 9 If la M OM 18* X X o I *4 *4 9 12? 2 *9 9 la 9 9 Ml I kV V 900 C bfrb9 hi 9 9 44 -e5x x3 M 9 e Xow9 e9 9 9 la KC la O OM 92 la 0 |4 la a aOa 9 9 la ewe 55 -.-8 3 8 3 la 9 X e 4a la O 9 09 Si 1 9 la la 9 coo iSfr 9 9 99 MO <i5 pooooooe ooooooopoeoooooo 88 OOO 0<0 aa 9 S| tf>0 VV o 5o 0o0o 1*999 xe X4* X M 9M art C M M e o e * * - ' C *4 X *4 9 *aMXe 94W 4^Ve9IV9944 0It 0-49 I QX Kie<(i|OAi O * cm la 9 u 009 fr 5 u m V la x COM K9aa 3x5-9-----9------0- ex O 4< m9 44 O 8X0-4 la 9 X 44 O , m x9 o U XU 9 9 O OM OUXfl 9M O >4W 9 X9 9 I* ee xl ISi M9 la m M -S S' 9M 9 XM 9 "0 5a4 ?l -S3 O MX Odd 6 O 9X9 mf 9 e S . 909 sss- X9 9 9m i 41* 9 30 9 -9 MO o- o o9 eMm9 X - X O m -a M S2? mS .x. 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Umo 9U 90 09 emm4 g .i M (ft " * -1- .3, 0X0 B O 14 Owe 1Io ill 2S t'SS 9x e 9X9 ki k IZl tch ou OM 4 O 44 V 0990 44 V XU O -4 M Ck O 9 V 9 u-- X6 m il ee ?*2 44 e9 gSo a" g .s jse.w vITo) cVnO tn h; i\- M | fli .5*$<s r?.4 --Oto -s X mt0o>< % IIM flA H M j 0 t* xOataa-<*t0<ortXoato 5 -to * to e f a 6itof C --tfor O(I --Oto i f to to X fm t8t(oo r>tof to ttttKoooo --tttoooHttoo Fttttoooo. to * oI to -- to --x tttooo SXS" 8 . SiSSJ- f- ? ^ m -- a * 0 to -- 53 X e --to ttoo Xto tuo XH fill 8 -- ?vVv si 3? t38o 0"Ito -i ii! SHXxtao --a ttoo s js e x t_o#Kto 8 ao 3k? *S c X^-- xottoa fto I 24 1 28 8 t *txotot--oo 8 to to.. to & a J teo va 8- 2" hI 23= ss= fI*_ 5 2 5" 2 1, 2a t"o `.S3 8 .X mto tsto X <to --8 btoi --to JS to . S58 2 a * if iff ii *;h.SS"r=r2*| --taCt8ootosx--Ot*oa4tooe0a-4 tV--oatt&oottot*o--aa8_tOo X p to to t--o a 1 *** 22 58 f X-- Xto X --O 0to JJ 3 K4g =to x: 1a 2** .3 | .. | s = 2F oi I--S--laj|u :?s&f --. S t-o.--. 0I `.h-soi . ! i l --to --6 to # 8 o -- e --?o. to!=i *--Q0 --8 to ttkoo Ma ttoo..xt_o 2 uv s |l $1 . | " to c& K ,to * JH J-- t4o 2X i 8o 8o 8o8o 8o 8o 8e 8o8o8o8 lill Sl ttoot<otOottootQoOtottoo VSV V:-i\ ' *.'! V '' S j!j . 8U t--o -ae, too fpa. to itosci aaa 3 X ri SS *IX mU a sS.? vl23*-tf" e -- ttkoo --to X x --to to --O 0to --to --# 838= 8 S 8 __to> -- to to teo tOo to --0 ttoo x -- itoto riO e ao S**( St A S v Rr* A sx 8 i4 u 'i N a: =2 2 55J g z *9 es KSe ee r: as Cfr & 8 IS 2ttoo to vtoto Oto. to *4 -- a 3 l_ to USoC 1 238 BJ --K 0_ 22 if oo a 8-2 :a e Kto 0to& tu9o toto| ,,to ah \ 8 :! X 8 ---- V 22 S8 N14 4# 2 s.5 e uto --o -SS8 -_ - O3 S8 aoz *to--5au--ioa 2? 3 to te B0 S ^ea9 x --ato ua --ua9a r.u 3S8. Zo a8. k8Sm \ la oa 2 l. a x to o 3 8 5 to 8 Xtao tt>oo Oto X-- tS = S "I * t8on8? 22 X to JI --i .--X --8 --v0k to m 0 8? 2? U * to 44 to 282 i fit 22 SS* XU 3 4 S-8 IIS 33s v*. ;.c fV.-: :$0$ \ V ; v. . . A-: :v^v;-v , . . Vt ,,> ^5196655 rM The sampling technique used was to collect ambient samples on Millipore filters. An appropriate pump and dry-gas meter was used to generate and measure the flow. Sample volumes were from about 40 to 3 50 m per day. Sampling Networks. Figures 5 and 6 are segments of topographic maps showing the sampling network location in the vicinity of the Grace Mine and the Charman open-pit plant, respectively. The six sampling sites at each location are indicated by solid black circles, and their approximate location was as follows Figures 7 through 15 are photographs of most of the sampling sites. Figure 16 shows the Charman Plant. Grace Mine (Figure 5): A. Roof of Volunteer Friendship Fire Company on East Main Street in Morgantown, 1 mile SSV of mine B. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 2-3/4 miles E of mine C. Roof of Twin Rivers High School maintenance garage, 1-1/2 miles ESE of mine D. American Legion Post No. 537, 16 feet above ground level, 1-3/4 miles ENE of mine E. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 3/4 mile NE of mine F. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 2-1/2 miles NE of mine. Charman Plant (Figure 6) : G. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 1-1/2 miles SSE of plant H. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 1-3/8 miles ESE of plant 15196656 I. Private property, garage roof, J/4 mile SE of plant J. Private property, garage roof, 1/2 mile WSW of plant K. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 1 mile SW ofplant L. Private property, 16 feet above ground level, 5/8 mile NE of plant. 26 -FIGURE 5 . ASBESTOS SAMPLING NETWORK LOCATIONS GRACE MINE 27 Sampling Procedure. Filter samples were taken concurrently at the six strategically located sites in the vicinity of each source. The particulate samplers, shewn schematically in Figure 17, were made up special for this program. Each sampler contained a 1/4-hp carbon vane Gast pump and a dry-gas meter with appropriate valves to provide a 3 desired sampling rate of approximately 1.7 m /hr. The equipment was housed within a plywood shelter for protection. The filter holder was mounted on a rod 16 feet above the shelter. Particulate was collected on 47 mm Millipore filters with a pore size of 0.8 (Cat. No. AAWP-04700). Sampling and Meteorological Data. Field sampling for asbestos was initiated at the Grace Mine location on March 16,.1974, and continued through March 21, 1974. The nonitoring period at the second location (Charman Plant) was March 25 through March 29, 1974. A total of 50 samples were obtained from the two locations. Table 4 lists the samples collected and the air volumes sampled for each sample. A meteorological station was located near each source to record wind speed and direction and temperature during the monitoring period. The station at the Grace Mine facility was located at Site C, 1-1/2 miles ESE of the mine. The station at the Charman Plant was located at Site L, 5/8 mil NE of the plant. Weather information obtained at Sites C and L is summarized in Table 5 and 6, respectively. Analysis of Samples. The exposed filters from the Grace Mine were examined optically to select those filters with the largest quantity of asbestos fibers. This examination revealed that large quantities of fibrous material had been collected but the fiber size was too small to permit identification of asbestos. Several filters with the highest fiber content were selected for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The TEM analyses showed that most of the fibrous material collected on 3 the filters was organic and that asbestos levels were less than 0.01 ^g/m . Ambient samples from areas not expected to contain significant asbestos * henry, W. M. , Heffelfinger, R. E., Melton, C. W., and Kiefer, D. L., "Development of a Rapid Survey of Sampling and Analysis for Asbestos in Ambient Air", Final Report on EPA Contract CPA-22-69-110, 29 FIGURE 7. SAMPLING SITE "A" (SAMPLER LOCATED AT "X" ON ROOF) 1 */i I; iK LI i,< A !V.VVi" fc-....... li'VS'lf r- -i. t47L-r 1 V l ` w# ? A !>'/vf^v *; -=' FIGURE 8. SAMPLING SITE "C" (SAMPLER LOCATED AT "X" ON ROOF) t * P'V v*** ' '] >'V.v.' r. '' > ... 4r . VWN- *- ; f. 'J'-.'V i 15196660 33 FIGURE 9. SAMPLING SITE "D" (SAMPLER LOCATED AT "X") FIGURE 10. SAMPLER AT SITE "G" .* : .-.r e*. v: y;K' VI:'- i-W&iV; ' v; : ,:W^ ' i"V 31 FIGURE 11. SAMPLER AT SITE "H" K* r_ >C" FIGURE 12. SAMPLER AT SITE "I" 15196662 1-V-r ; ;v: 32 FIGURE 13. SAMPLER AT SITE "J" r<;. y ?'< i* ' :S:.' FIGURE 14. SAMPLER AT SITE "K" 1-V. .:.V ft# te; i i 33 FIGURE 15. SAMPLER AT SITE "L" FIGURE 16. CHARMAN PLANT .,Vl. i,k*. 5,i teK: -n'V *T. fe $ s.'r \ i* i'-V 5 \Vjr ' ?* A>/,iViV r :r-`: j * >*;.: .* * # * *" -* lsl96664 >*: ./ V* 'v^'v K< t. 34 16* FIGURE 17. SAMPLING RIG ,-,yV< 15196665 35 TABLE 4. FILTER DESIGNATION AND AIR SAMPLE VOLUMES Sampling Period Date Time 3/14/74 2:00 p .m. 3/15 4:30 p.m. 3/15 3/16 4:00 p.m. 5:15 p.m. 3/18 3/19 11:00 a.m* 9:15 a.tit. 3/19 3/20 9:45 a m 9:15 a*m. 3/20 3/21 9:30 a m* 9:45 a * m* AB 12 64.34 59.13 78 50.41 42.74 46.87 19 48.34 23 48.08 14 39.62 20 40.09 Sampling Sites C DE 34 38.69 42.97 -- 9 -(b) 10 -- (b) -- (b) 15 38.41 21 38.92 16 37.60 22 41.55 11 36.41 17 37.70 2!_(b) 26 43.33 27_(b) 3/25 3/26 3/26 3/27 3/27 3/28 3/28 3/29 10:15 a .m. 10:00 a .m. 10:15 a.m. 8:30 a .m. 8:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m* 8:45 a m. 8:00 a.m. G 24 59.72 34 42.79 40 43.72 46 44.39 H 29 44.80 35 39.68 41 43.74 47 46.37 I 30 46.52 36 44.43 42 44.58 48 43.67 J 31 46.64 37 .44.10 43 44.58 49 46.04 K 32 41.42 38 40.14 44 41.92 50 42.07 F -- L(b) 12 34.85 18 38.78 (c) L 33 41.86 39 39.30 45 38.77 51 43.87 (a> Top number in each entry is filter designation; bottom number is air volume sampled in ra^. b'l Flow stopped due to moisture increasing pressure drop. i'c'i Tump failed, no sample. 15196666 TABLE 5 . METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS (G race M ine - S ite C) 36 *U04 CL 0 d 0 2 SB s3 ** 0 0 HX CCMO om >tO uo 0 0 o\ AJ I *- Oo 0 /"N 20 L9Oi 0d c&a 00 2 *a 0c 0 2 co <0 CCMO O m uu 9 0e 44 X60 U COMi B 0 >0>**44 0 0 O wo 5^ 00 |4 K 09O. P0d *0d3 2 *9 OCO Os 0* av 0 60 C B 0 03 A0> 0 o 0 x i 8* " i iiv HB 8 AU m d o. oQ O do o0 o I X60 e *co r4 e. E oo o Mcn 03 0) 0 44S4: -*ej el OU L 44 i-.S1 ' i*n- 0I0 o-4 a e aa o CO o s * 55 e5 OL *$44 x "a i-8 m 01 N1 CM m *> 8 E CL O O' O E* E aa o C0O OCO -QE c *62 oo o HH HN 0 8X x* go 2 4J U 0 E_ M <Xu O 45 8*84 X 44 QtH E r1* Xo, O8 1 um CO X60 CO * Md 8 *h0e* aE oo 0 CO o HCM C^4M o\ II ee ee e 0 Q. 0 CO to 003) 2 X*0 w 0 Xu0" E e uO 44 m e Eu0_- o XnM x n a O *H -4 4J m1 X60 CO . s4 5d4 Ee E0 CL 0 o CM CM 1I E8E 0 CL 0 OOO e CL oo m0 O CO *3- ES 00 Oo Oo H -- -< E S 00 o o <0 Os CO ee b 00 <0 oO 4 is N 0H m N.N* CO <0 00 IS N mH ^4 ssv CO CO 00 fs |s c^4o 0-4 CO CO 40 |s N OS O -4 CM ,, CO CO <0 0 IS. IS CM CM 15196667 37 0 HoM0 N cn ion OBSSi tEeRVLA )TIONS- METEOROLOGICAL (Channan P la n t TABLE 6 . .c it ^ M s & a s *Co B 0 g o o CM A6c0i eooc c o o oo c je f i r> Mi 6a 06 oo e o N Q\ OO 4J 4i ,0 BB ta a O t go gos cn 1 iu m CM s* fM0e h6< M 0 S B 00 88 O m -CVM. CM cn cn S B** 00 8 o CM to CM CM cn cn B 0 o oo o ts. r*. CO CM CM cn cn B 00 oo o Ch Os o r** r** 00 Os CM CvM. cn cn 15196668 38 * 3 generally have asbestos levels of 0.001 to 0.01 |j,g/m . Hence, these samples showed no excessive asbestos emissions in the vicinity of the plant. Because the presence of large quantities of organic fibers precluded optical screening of filters, five additional filters (some from each plant site) were selected for TEM analysis based on the sampling site location and wind direction. These filters also showed 3 asbestos concentrations below 0.01 iig/m . The asbestos concentration in thg^air around the Grace Mine was in the range of 0.006 to 0.010 3 Ug/m ; concentrations around the Charman Plant were lower, 0.0002 to 0.0012 ng/m^. Hence, based on this very limited sampling program, it does not appear that substantial populations surrounding mining sites where asbestos is present as an accessory mineral are exposed to significant asbestos concentrations in air. Results of the analyses are tabulated in Table 7. * Based on Battelle-Columbus' analyses of samples from the National Air Sampling Network on EPA Contract 68-02-0230, Task 14. ** The precipitation encountered during sampling near the Grace Mine may have reduced emissions from ore piles at the plant, but should not have significantly influenced emissions from stacks or plant sources. Thus, the precipitation probably had no major influence on ambient asbestos levels. few. si.; ' Vs" 15196669 TABLE 7. ANALYSES OF FIELD SAMPLES Sample Asbestos on Filter, Filter No. ug/filter Air Volume Sampled, m3 Selection Based on Optical Examination of Filters: 3 0.36 38.69 12 0.286 34.85 Selection Based on Meteorological Data : 19 0.31 21 0.27 39 0.01 49 0.01 50 0.01 5 48.34 38.92 39.30 46.04 42.07 Asbestos Present in Air, UE/m3 0s. 00930 0.00821 0.00641 0.00694 0.00025 0.00022 0.00119 15196670 Alaskite Albite Amosite Andesite Ankerite Antigorite Apatite Arsenopyrite Augite Basalt Breccia Chalcopyrite Chlorite Crocidolite Dacite Diabase Dike Diopside Dolomite GLOSSARY A plutonic rock consisting of orthoclase, microcline, and subordinate quartz, with few or no mafic constituents Member of the plagioclase mineral series. Composition is NaAl Si30g. Fibrous form of grunerite, an amphibole. A volcanic rock composed essentially of andesite and one or more mafic constituents. A ferroan variety of dolomite, CaCO^* (Mg,Fe,Mn)C03. A lamellar variety of serpentine, Mgg (Si^01Q) ()g. A mineral group ranging in composition from Ca_(FO,),,F to Ca5(P04)3Cl to Ca5(P04)30H. 5 4J A mineral, FeAsS. A pyroxene mineral, of composition (Ca,Mg)(Mg,Fe,Al) (Si,Al)206. A volcanic rock composed primarily of calcic plagioclase and pyroxene, with or without olivine. A rock made up of highly angular coarse fragments. A mineral, CuFeS^, and important ore of copper. A term used for a group of platyhydrous silicates of aluminum, ferrous iron, and magnesium which are closely related to the micas. Fibrous form of riebeckite, blue asbestos. The volcanic equivalent of quartz diorite. Principal minerals are plagioclase, quartz, pyroxene and/or hornblende with minor biotite. A rock of basaltic composition, consisting essentially of labradorite and pyroxene, and characterized by ophitic texture. A tabular body of igneous rock that cuts across the structure of adjacent rocks or cuts massive rocks. A pyroxene mineral having the composition CaMg (Si^O^). A term applied to those rocks that approximate the mineral dolomite in composition, CaMg (CO^^. -*5191 41 Dunite Enstatite Epidote Gabbro Galena Gneiss Graywacke Grossularlte Hornfels Igneous Laccolith Metamorphic Rock Olivine Pegmatite Peridotite Pyroxenite A peridotite consisting almost wholly of olivine and containing accessory pyroxene and chromite. A pyroxene mineral with the composition Mg2 (Si^O^). A common mineral in metamorphic rocks having a compo sition Ca2(Al,Fe)g(Si04)3(0H). A plutonic rock consisting of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene, with or without orthopyroxene and olivine. Loosely used for any coarse-grained dark igneous rock. :.v PbS, an important ore mineral of lead. A coarse-grained rock in which bands rich in granular minerals alternate with bands in which schistose minerals predominate. mm, A type of sandstone marked by large detrital quartz and feldspars set in a prominent to dominant clay matrix. A member of the garnet mineral family, composition CagAl^SiO^. A fine-grained, nonschistose metamorphic rock resulting from contact metainorphism. Formed by solidification from a molten or partially molten state. A concordant, intrusive body that has domed up the overlying rocks and also has a floor that is generally horizontal, but may be convex downward. Includes all those rocks which have formed in the solid state in response to pronounced changes of temperature, pressure, and chemical environment below surface weathering and cementation. An important rock forming mineral, especially in the mafic and ultramafic rocks. Composition is (Mg,Fe)? SiO4.. Those igneous rocks of coarse grain found usually as dikes associated with large mass of plutonic rock of finer grain size. i V V-vV.1/mV* r s *''**; `viVv, *.k < V" *-: .>ih A general term for essentially nonfeldspathic plutonic rocks consisting of olivine, with or without other mafic minerals. A medium- or coarse-grained rock consisting essentially of pyroxene. 15196672 Rhyolite Schist Sill Sphalerite Stock Syenite Tactite Trachyte Ultramafic Wollastonite 42 The aphanitic or fine-grained equivalent of a granite. A medium or coarse-grained metamorphic rock with sub parallel orientation of the micaceous minerals which dominate its composition. An intrusive body of igneous rock of approximately uniform thickness and relatively thin compared with its lateral extent, which has been emplaced parallel to the bedding or schistosity of the intruded rocks. ZnS, an important ore mineral of zinc. A body of plutonic rock that covers less than 40 square miles, has steep contacts, and is generally discordant. A plutonic igneous irock consisting principally of alkalic feldspar, usually with one or more mafic minerals such as hornblende or biotite. A rock of complex mineralogical composition formed by contact metamorphism and metasomatism of carbonate rock. A volcanic rock composed essentially of alkalic feldspar, and minor biotite, hornblende, or pyroxene. Igneous rocks containing less than 45 percent silica; containing virtually no quartz or feldspar and composed essentially of ferromagnesian silicates, metallic oxides, and sulfides. A mineral, CaSiOj, commonly found in contact metamorphosed limestone. A-l APPENDIX A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AS AN ACCESSORY MINERAL AND MINING ACTIVITY IN THESE AREAS Alabama The Piedmont region in the east-central part of the state of Alabama has an extensive occurrence of metamorphic rocks as outlined in Figure A-l. Within the general region of metamorphism, amphibolite zones :';>V are quite prevalent in several counties as depicted in Figure A-2, a regional map naming counties. Asbestos and talc occurrences are tabulated in Table A-l. Localities in Tallapoosa and Chambers counties have been described in detail to pinpoint selected ultramafic pods that have been altered to asbestiform minerals including anthophyllite, tremolite and actinollte. Anthophyllite was mined intermittently during the late 1960's from the large mafic complex northeast of Dadeville in Tallapoosa County as shown on Figure A-3. Talc is available from the same region (Talledega County) from the American Talc Company (Alpine, Alabama 35014). Neatherly wrote "The mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Vi;: Piedmont region represent a wide variety of distinct but related rock types which have been involved in one or more cycles of regional meta morphism, structural dislocation, and pervasion by emanations mobilized .\..I from the country rock. Four processes of alteration are recognized: (1) serpentinization, (2) steatitization, (3) amphibolization, and (4) chloritization. All these processes occurred more or less concurrently throughout the mafic-ultramafic belt; however, one mode of alteration generally predominated over the other three at a given locality. The processes of amphibolization and steatitization were most widespread. Amphibolization is the alteration of pyroxenes (enstatite, hypersthene, olivine, etc) to amphibole minerals (anthophyllite, actinolite, tremolite, hornblende, etc). The amphibole formed in the Dadeville area is the orthorhombic variety, anthophyllite, commonly from olivine. Tremolite and actinolite also are commonly associated with the ultramafic rocks in the Dadeville area having been found along the periphery of the ultramafic-mafic rock complex." 15196674 A-2 While the asbestos mineral prospects of Tallapoosa County are not now being worked, talc is currently being mined by the American Talc Company in Talladega County. Elsewhere in the counties containing the amphibolite zones, large quantities of talc and soapstone are found over wide areas, close to the surface, and are of current and long-range interest. The current mining and quarrying activities in the area are summari^id in Table A-2. TAI'i-E A-l. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN ALABAMA (FROM USGS MR-17 and MR-31)................ Asbestos Tallapoosa County: 1. Dadeville area. Short-fiber amphibole asbestos associated with basic intrusive rocks. Maynard and others, 1923; Pallister, 1955. 32 54' 85 44' Talc and Soapstone Talladega County: 1. Talladega. Talc probably derived from dolomite. McMurray and Bowles, 1941. 33 19' 86 13' Tallapoosa County: 2. Dadeville area. Soapstone probably associated with mafic igneous rocks. Maynard and others, 1923; Pallister, 1955. 32 53' 85 40' (Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196675 A-3 FIGURE A-l. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN ALABAMA A-4 mt . ' vV.-v ` ': >/ *?\' ri * ,, . * Vf h::\ i /. v- ;< V ft-; 10 20 30 40 Miles FIGURE A-2 MAP OF AREA OF ALABAMA CONTAINING METAMORPHIC ROCKS 15196677 i-r FIGURE A-3. Portions of Clay, Randolph, Tallapoosa, Chambers, Lee, and Elmore Counties, Alabama, showing the occurrence of Amphibolite (massive and layered) with Chlorite Schist. Gabbro, Norite, and Ultramatic Pods locally intermixed.. Areas of past Anthophyllite or talc mining. ; 15196678 ../- TABLE A-2. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ALABAMA County Company and Address Commodity Chambers Chilton No major producer None Sand and gravel Clay Cleburne No major producer None Sand and gravel Coosa Elmore Jenkins Brick Company P.O. Box 91 Montgomery, Alabama 36101 Vulcan Materials Company P.O. Bax 7324-A Birmingham, Alabama 35223 None Clay, sand and gravel Lee No major producer Stone Randolph United States Gypsun Co. 101 S. Wacker Drive Chicago,' Illinois 60606 Scrap mica Talledega Vulcan Materials Company P.O. Box 7324-A Birmingham, Alabama 35223 Georgia Marble Company Gantts Quarry, Alabama 35069 Thompson-Weinman & Company Cartersville, Georgie 30120 American Talc Company Alpine, Alabama 35014 Limestone, talc Tallapoosa No current producer Anthophyllite. 15196679 Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972 USGS Map 1-724 (2) Asbestos in the United States A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962 USGS Map MR-17 (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962 USGS Map MR-31 (4) Talc and Anthophyllite Deposits in Tallapoosa and Chambers Counties Alabama Thornton L. Neathery, 1968 Bulletin 90, Geol. Surv. of Alabama (5) Talc and Asbestos at Dadeville, Alabama T. L. Neathery, et al, November, 1967 U.S. Bureau Mines, R.I. 7045 (6) Amphibolite Areas of the Pidemont Region (Map) T. L. Neathery, et al, 1973 Geol. Surv. of Alabama (7) The Mineral industry of Alabama H. L. Riley and W. E. Smith, 1971 U. S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook 15196680 Alaska A-8 The major part of Alaska has been geologically investigated only in an exploratory manner. Only in the last few years has much geologic mapping been done. Figure A-4 shows a general division of Alaska. The Arctic Coastal Plain area consists mainly of sedimentary deposits, with some sedimentary rocks containing coal. The Arctic Foothills region is characterized by the presence of mafic Intrusions tightly folded. The Arctic Mountains area is intruded by diabase sills with occurrences of schist, quartzite, limestone, and slate. The eastern half of the area are granitic Intrusions and metamorphosed basalt. The Western Alaska region,including the Seward Peninsula and the Bering Shelf, 16 composed largely of volcanic rocks with some local metamorphism and cut by intrusions. The occurrence of ultramafic rocks, graywacke, argillite, and shale are all noted. The Alaska-Aleutian Province is characterized by areas of mild metamorphism with some intrusions to the eastern end along the Canadian border. The southern end along the Canadian border shows more intrusives and mafic bodies intruding the schist. There has been a considerable amount of metamorphic and intrusive * action in Alaska and, thus, the possibilities of occurrence of fiberous amphiboles is significant. The general areas where asbestos has been reported to date are indicated in Figure 1. "These specific areas are as follows: Hunt River Asbestos Mountain Jade Creek; Jade Mountain Lemesurier Island Bismark Mountain; Skungnak River Bear Creek. Cosmos Creek The sand and gravel industry accounted for the largest dollar value in 1971 followed by stone, barite, uranium, platinum-group metals, gold and mercury. This excludes the fossil-fuel production. Table A-3 gives the value of mineral production for Alaska for 1971. Table A-4 gives the principal producers. A-9 A-10 TABLE A - 3 . MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ALASKA CD X *o v-/ 36 3 <0 pH 09 *9 >O x: 4> oin rv or* pH cn fNo m ** in CM cO H s- O Oc m CO m * k SO fv so O h h m CO r-* CM CM m cn m CM cn CM n* CM H M os H k k ca cn cn Os cn CM D< XI 4> >_/ H 4J a 3 o CM 00 ON H cm CO Ht r-* H pH pH ON pH NO 9k 9k SO k k cn pH Os cn pH CM N CM H 00 in H so k CM H XH 9 9A y9 9 t--l 99 4J O 4-1 c at ts 4-1 o 9M O 4J a Oft ft) a > o 9 9s o9 9 CO 6o 9 H o 4-1 >* CO 43 9 o pH 44 at Vt ft) - 4) t< A 9 B Cl 9 O M 00 \ fa 5 3 -H 4) 3 H A Vl a CO fft u 9 o 4f"S o O 4-1 at d #a d6 M 4> C 33 ft) o 03 A o9 U 4-1 M pH 3 CO pH o 9 pH u o (4 3 pH HO (0 eft 41 M 39 pH eft X . ft) 60 O iH a o M CO Vl 44 1 4) o ft) o ft) CM Vl CM 9k 3 H A at ft) <r O 44 aC O 3 /-s pH 41 3 4J 0) o o CO 4-1 rs. 3 9C Oc 9a 41 On 4) uo 41 H eft o 9 3 O pH 3 4-1 u a JO CD 3 4-1 O 9 ft) 3 3 3 9 41 at u 4J O O 3 o o2y uo o *o c o c c 4J 3 O u 4) Vi o JS o xz 9 O 3 3 33 O3 3 4i 3 c o o r* NO u3 0 H k 4) M C 3 60 ON /s ft) rH X3 JS pH a o 0 H pH ft) k 9 4) 04 ^ 3 39 6 0 *o hH o H U ns 9 ft) o 3 E ft) 9 3 3 pj H pH rN 3 9 3 6 Vi 3 ft) W k o >3 > O U O s > mw M o O *C p 4) 41 9 H 9k *o O u ft) eft 60 g9 60 *o 9 M Vi pH ft) 3 o ft) w w eft pH 3 U 8 M 41 hM pH *d 4J Vl ) pH U 3 4J o9 Vi *o > 41 3 H 9 eft O o (0 ft) 3 M aH 25 CM CO m 33 k ON 41 3 O 3 3 pH 0 3 4) 4) 3 w H O H 9 $afl 4) 4-1 O 4J 9B O O 9 f-C k 3 3 O pH k 9 3 a 99 39M pH C9 9 4> H 3 CO H > 4J o H 60 9 M o 9 M a H M v.^ 9 o M 44 Cl 9 a o M CU 9 H X 9 4J 9 M i9 M O 9k 93 pH 3 o pH 33 O3 H pH 9k 04 3 C4 4) 33 3 41 g o 5a 25 p4 *c n3 3 R3 e >S o o 3 Vt 9 3 3 3 E 3 3 3 O 9 H 9 41 M t) 09 M O SH O 9 V4 U 04 o 94 a 3 9. co 9 < at ai >o X*J 03) - h0>0)) >at <M0 g as mo n 9C 0) o C 4J a <hn- o CoM 9 at 9 aMt fot 3 4J to u 9 j4asJt voM O. O 4J T3 *9 4aJt 4MaJt M op4 oa at m at U co oo aut at h 9 c* oaH <5 r-I O 4j at o 9 MO 99 4-1 cm at co O S5 <0- 9 M , O O --I m uat o9 cat 2 VO Bt> X Ma. M9 OM O c01l ab, Z Q at . fa -csf. ! . ..... .-.v V * ;*V ; .-*/* v-v Rig gfl -.c. gw:/- " ' .-.c ` A-11 Commodity Barite Coal Gold Natural gas Petroleum-crude TABLE A-4. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ALASKA Company and Address Alaska Barite Co Anchorage, Alaska 99500 B & R Coal Co Healy, Alaska 99743 Delta Coal Co North Pole, Alaska 99705 Premier Coal Co Palmer, Alaska 99645 Usibelli Coal Mine, Inc Usibelli, Alaska 99787 U.S. Smelting Refining and Mining Co Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 L. McGee Manley Hot Springs, Alaska 99756 Ruby Mining Co Ruby, Alaska 99768 Prince Creek Mining Co Flat, Alaska 99584 Amoco Production Co Anchorage, Alaska 99500 Mobil Oil Corp do Phillips Petroleum Co do Standard Oil Co. of California do Texaco Inc do Union Oil Co. of California do Holmes & Narver, Inc. Point Barrow, Alaska Amoco Production Co Anchorage, Alaska 99500 Atlantic Richfield Co do BP Alaska, Inc do Region Southeastern Alaska Yukon River v j . .1. Do. Cook Inlet-Susitna Yukon River Do. Do. Do, Do. Offshore Cook Inlet Westslde Cook Inlet mm. Kenai Peninsula, Offshore Cookt<\- Inlet - Kenai Peninsula, Westslde Cook^yV^- Inlet y-y Offshore Cook Inlet, Westslde Cook Inlet Offshore Cook Inlet, Kenai Peninsula North Slope Offshore Cook Inlet Kenai Peninsula, Offshore Cook Inlet, North Slope North Slope 15196684 A-12 TABLE A-4. (continued) Commodity Company and Address Petroleum-crude Mobil Oil Corp do Shell Oil Co do Texaco Inc do Standard Oil Co. of California i do Union Oil Co. of California do Petroleum refining Atlantic Richfield Co Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Standard Oil Co. of California Nikiski, Alaska Tesoro-Alaskan Petroleum Corp do PIatinum-group metals Goodnews Bay Mining Co Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 Sand and Gravel Alaska Department of Highways Juneau, Alaska 99801 Alaska Department of Public Works do Burgess Construction Co Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 Sto^e Alaska Department of Highways Juneau, Alaska 99801 Manson Osberg Co Seattle, Wash. 98100 Moore Construction Co., Inc. Ketchikan, Alaska 99901 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Anchorage, Alaska 99500 Burgess Construction Co Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 Central Construction Co., Inc. Seattle, Wash. 98100 Region Offshore Cook Inlet Kenai Peninsula, Offshore Cook Inlet Offshore Cook Inlet ' ' - . V-- \ * .- - Kenai Peninsula '.v;` v Offshore Cook Inlet North Slope Kenai Peninsula Do. Salmon River Various Do. Yukon River 'V. mm .... .* >. ' ' ; : ' .V-* ' " a- - * 'V Various Southeastern Alaska Do. . ` * :v< ; ;r-rj .. . *. .r Copper River, Kenai Peninsula, Southeastern Alaska Various Northwestern Alaska t 1 vy-' ,'r; . . ,. 1 15196685 A-13 Source References (8) The Mineral Industry of Alaska, R. B. Smith, W. C. Fackler, 1972, U.S. Bureau Mines, Minerals Yearbook. (9) Geology of the Alaska Peninsula--Island Arc and Continental Margin (Part 1), C. A. Burk, Princeton, New Jersey, The Geological Society of America Memoir 99 (Part 1). 1965. (10) Alaska's Mineral Resources as a Base for Industrial Development, Replort to The State of Alaska by Arthur D. Little, Inc., February, 1962. (11) Various Mineral Investigations Resources Maps by E. R. Cobb, U.S. Geological Survey, as follows: Iron Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-40, 1964 Antimony Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-52, 1970 Bismuth Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-53, 1970 Mercury Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-54, 1970 Industrial Minerals and Construction Materials Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-41, 1964 Lode Gold and Silver Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-32, 1962 Antimony, Bismuth, and Mercury Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-11, Industrial Minerals and Construction Materials Occurrences in Alaska, Map MR-41, 1964 1960 (12) The Use of Remote Sensing in Conservation, Development, and Management of the Natural Resources of the State of Alaska, Richard H. Eakins, Jr., and Robin I. Welch, Department of Economic Development, State of Alaska, December, 1969. (13) Economic Analysis of Fairbanks and Contiguous Area, Alaska, prepared by North Pacific Consultants, Anchorage, Alaska, Portland, Oregon, for Golden Valley Electric Association, Inc., Fairbanks, Alaska, January, 1959. , (14) Physiographic Divisions of Alaska, Geological Survey Professional Paper 482. (15) Asbestos Air Pollution Control, IITRI Report No. C8216 for Institute for Environmental Quality, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, September, 1971. (16) Keller, A. S. and Reiser, H. N., Geology of the Mount Katmai Area Alaska, Geological Survey Bulletin 1058-G, United States Government Printing Office, Washington (1959). (17) Sainsbury, Geology of Lost River Mine Area, Alaska, USGS Bulletin, Plates. 15196686 I (18) RoBsman, D. L., Geology and Ore Deposits in the Reid Inlet Area Glacier Bay, Alaska, Mineral Resources of Alaska, Geological Survey Bulletin 1058-B', United States Government Printing Office, Washington (1959). (19) Rossman, D. X., Geology and Ore Deposits of Northwestern Chichagof Island, Alaska, Mineral Resources of Alaska, Geological Survey Bulletin 1058-E, United States Government Printing Office, Washington (1959). (20) Wahrhaftig, G. and Black, R. F., Quaternary and Engineering Geology in the Central Part of the Alaska Range, Geological Survey Pro fessional Paper 293, United States Government Printing Office, Washington (1958). Arizona Arizona may be divided into two distinct physiographic provinces: the Colorado Plateaus Province in the north and the Basin and Range Province a to the south and along the western border of the state. The northern province may be subdivided into four sections and as the province name implies, these may be characterized as plateau areas, in places much dissected. The southern Tonto Section of the northern province is tran sitional into the Basin and Range Province and part or all of it has been included in the southern province from time to time. The major provinces and the Tonto Section are delineated in the map figures. The Basin and Range Province also may be subdivided into subpro vinces or sections. The Mexican Highland Section in southeastern Arizona is extensively mountainous with peaks up to 9000 feet--as much as 5000 feet above adjacent valley floors. The Sonoran Desert section in south western Arizona has numerous mountain ranges also but these are lower and narrower than the mountains to the east and make up only about a fourth of the section area. While not as high as the eastern mountains, the southwestern mountains of Arizona are nevertheless quite rugged, rising abruptly from valley floors. The Mohave Section on the northwest border of Arizona is similar topographically to the Mexican Highland Section except that both the valley floors and mountain peaks are lower in over all elevation and the area is more desertlike. The Basin and Range Province is notable for its numerous igneous intrusive rocks of several geologic ages. Granites and gabbros of Precambrian age. and older are found. Sills and dikes of diabase are intrusive into upper Precambrian strata and a notable occurrence of these is in association with the chrysotile deposits of Gila County. Elsewhere in the Basin and Range Province, the intrusives are granite, quartz monzonite, monzonite, diorite, and diorite porphyry, and range in age from Triassic to middle Tertiary with most being of late Cretaceous and early Tertiary age. The latter intrusive activity was of prime importance in the placement of many of the state's major metal deposits. In some 15196688 A-16 places older rocks surrounding Laramide (age) intrusive bodies were intensely metamorphased. .To the north in the Colorado Plateaus Province, the structural disruption during the Laramide orogeny was limited to gen tle warping and high-angle faulting. The Basin and Range Province and the Tonto Section of the Colorado Plateaus is an area of extensive mineralization and the com modity of highest production here is copper. In fact, about 85 percent of Arizona's mineral production is in copper. From 45 to 50 mines, chiefly in southeastern and southcentral Arizona but also well dis tributed throughout the Basin and Range Province, are producers of copper and coincidentally, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, and zinc. The general location of the copper producing mines is shown in Figure A-5 and briefly described in Table A-5. The mineral values produced by counties are given in Table A-6, The major source of current copper production in Arizona is from deposits commonly referred to as "disseminated" or "porphyry copper" lypes which may occur in schists, silicated limestone, volcanic rocks, or even-granular granitic rocks. A feature of all such deposits is that they are spatially related to stocks, plugs, sills, or dikes of quartz bearing porphyritic to granular intrusive rocks, variously classified as quartz diorite, granodiorite, quartz monzonite, and granite, or their porphyritic equivalents. Another common feature is alteration of the host rocks which took place during the mineralization stage. Five types of alteration are recognized: (1) propylitic, characterized by abundant lime bearing.and other minerals such as calcite, epidote, chlorite, talc, and kaolinite; (2) argillic, characterized by clay minerals; (3) potassic, characterized by muscovite-biotite-K-feldspar assemblages; (4) quartz- sericite, characterized by a quartz-sericite-pyrite assemblage; and (5) lime silicate, characterized by assemblages of garnet, tremolite, epidote, diopside, etc. Much of the ore in the Pima district (20, 21, 22 on the copper occurrence map) is associated with the lime-silicate-type alteration Lime-silicate-type alteration also may be found in several other copper producing areas. Thus, it is readily apparent that the fibrous amphiboles are fairly commonly found in association with the copper recovery activities in Arizona. Since considerable tonnages of ore are worked, about 166 15196689 A* , is Vv; i i ; i : vV ;,*y - . < Q Utriitf tfncsH* rock of Uit o **rlr T*ruiry (* C.pp-.-ptPi.,..., d.Hr.rip. r,|,,,,, < PrUnct.... pin .11..It'll p.ti.1,.1 .j I.TM,. k"l" teat * T.blilJ i.d rifirrid to More thao-I.rtflfl OOo SO.000-1 QUO.000 s Wlur IO-S0.00O FIGURE A-5. COPPER OCCURRENCES AND PRODUCTION 15196690 A-18 e a g ooo>. o - * * <sf.f < 2 O N a < 2 00 H 09 O Pt w Q K W P* o o o oe *Q m e O Me g u CO < m < X< s 0 *o o i * N to fl w u jc C Tw3 k oa wo * IS I <Oo O u >85 s > >* oa * l Syi.D-I woS**e4f#<i taf_ i 2 sc 02 WWt as u t) ft 8 8 iSS fi'SSll > /; <j ' . Sift fSArV >%-* i .V ,rr ./ nr/ \ Vr/vlVi' s-V-^k;* .' *' '*"5 . * . i . 15196691 ... r '.*<2r A-19 TABLE A-6. Value of mineral production in Arizona, by county County 1971 Mineral* prndured in 1971 in order of value A parhe-____________ Cochta........... Coconino ....... Gila............................... Graham............ Greenlee.......... Mariro(a_____ ..... Mohave........... Navajo........... Pima............. plnal...................... Santa Crux_________ Yavapai...___ ..... Yuma....................... Undistributed1..... $7,231 $5,913 Petroleum, helium, city*, natural go*. pumfee, iron ore, and ami grave), alone. 7K.297 62,799 Copfter, atone, lime, ailver, goM, aant) and grave), fluorspar. 2,290 666 Putnirr, anml aiul gravel, atone. J24 ,653 101,614 Copper, molylximnin, tu*boatoa, lime, stone, ailver, sand and gravel, cold, fluorspar. Hays. W W Sand and gravel, stnnr, Iwul, tine, copper, pumice, silver, gold. 151,0*13 119.492 Copper, silver, lime, stmr, cold, aanu autl gravel. 7,258 14,420 Sand and gravel, lim stono, days, mira, eop|ier, silver, cold. 40,702 34,017 tapper, molybdenum, sand and gravel, silver, atone, feldspar, gold, tungsten, days. W W C^nal, sand ami gravel, pumice, atone. 422,21m 378,219 Copjicr,mulybtUmum,cement,silver,sand and gravel,gold, lime, stone, lead. Hays, sine, mica. 285,166 211,772 Cop|cr, molybdenum, ailver. gold, sand and gravel, gypsum, lime, Ktorw, |erlilc, Hiutomito, pyritaft, lead. W W Sand and gra\d. b>nr, tiinratrn, copper, lead, ailver, sine. 41,698 46,284 Cupper, eeimiu, zinc,sand and gravel, stone, lime, molybdenum, gypsum, r-llver, days, lead, gold, pumice, iron ore. W W Sand and gravel, stone, copjtcr, silver, gold. 6,071 6,819 Total............. 1,166.767 *981,020 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential diU; included with *'Undistributed.** * Includes gem atone*, Kind and gravel, and stone that cannot be widened to specific cuuaUea, and values Indicated by symbol \V. * Data does nut add to total shown because of independent rounding. The fibrous amphibole minerals, actinolite and tremolite, are also found in potential economic concentrations (for short-fiber asbestos utilization) in Yuma and Pima Counties. The locations of these occurrences are marked on the map delineating the physiographic provinces (Figure A-6). Currently, there is no production from these amphibole asbestos deposits. The asbestos deposits that are currently being worked are chrysotile asbestos. These are clustered in Gila County principally, as shown in Figure A-7 (chrysotile also is found in the Grand Canyon region as illustrated).. The chrysotile is found to occur in the Mescal Limestone of Precambrian age and is genetically related to small dikes and extensive sills of diabase. As part of the alteration process that accompanied the diabase intrusives, the magnesia from the originally dolomitic strata migrated to combine selectively with silica of chert nodules and layers to form aggregates of tremolite, diopside, talc, and serpentine that are crudely pseudomorphic after the chert masses. The asbestos occurs as cross-fiber veins in the thin tabular serpentine 96692 /sarffwiSP.-TSMiRP- . rw";.ss^is5yrv a:'". A-20 0 A-21 8 .>v <m Principal tret of deposit! O Deposit or group of deposits outside principal treat X* Deposits referred to in test and lifted below 1 liu (in firud Canyon) 2 Wanes (in Grand Canyon) 3 Wilton Croak - Walnut Crook aroa 4 Sloane Crook 5 Rock Motto 6 American Orel (Asbestos Penh) 7 Regal 8 Grandview and Ladder 9 Pinotop (Lucky Seven) 10 Cbrysatile 11 Goar Canyon FicttRb'lo.--Asbestos in Arizouu. FIGURE A-7. CHRYSOTILE ASBESTOS DEPOSITS V ;* 15196694 A-22 layers that comprise the bulk of most silicate zones. The copper pro duction in the Globe (town) area is fairly extensive from several mines and may in fact be located in strata similar in occurrence to the chrysotile deposits in the area. Tor example, the Old Dominion vein system near Globe is in rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic age containing appre ciable masses of diabase. Among the contact-metamorphic minerals asso ciated with the copper minerals in such deposits are serpentine, tremolite, diopside, and a little garnet. The interpretation of the mineral history in this and similar areas of copper production is that the copper sulfide mineralization was introduced after metamorphism. There is little doubt that the production of copper in the Arizona copper districts involves the working and handling of considerable asbestiform minerals. The principal mineral producers.in Arizona are tabulated in Table A-7. 15196695 \1 * A-23 ZABLE A-7. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN ARIZONA Commodity aad eompMir Addrw Tyfta of activity County Mbimc Civp.. .. 1219 19th A**. Pbumit, Aril. 89009 f'-emcnt: American CmmiI Corfu. Phoenix 2404 Wllahire BlvJ. Division. Lm Angeles, Calif. MOST Arisona Portland (.`iiMBt Oa. <>I2 SmiUi llovir St division of r-difnmia Portland Lon Aftftlei. Calif. 900IT CoflMOt Co. Clays: American Cement Corfu. l*hoeix 2404 WDshire DWd. Division. Ixxi Angeles, Calif. MOST Filtrol Corp...................................... 3250 Kast Washington Bird. Ijam Angeles, Calif. 90023 McCerreil 4 Gurley.............. Bos UTT Callup. N.Mex. 87301 Phcunla Brick Yard.. l<i| Smith 7th Ave. l*hoenix* Am. 85007 Tuoob Preeaed Brick Corp. Boa 2593 Tucson, Aria. 86702 Underground mine and Gilt. crushing, screening, and air separation ptaot Dry process. 3-cutarykiln plant Yavapai. Pima. Open pit mine................... Yavapai. Apache. Do. Maricopa. 1`irna. Do. ^^Araerican Sens)tins and Reform 120 Broadway Co. New York. N.Y. 10005 The Aiufiwl* Company.. Bagdad t*-V.......... ... Dot 127 Sahu-iriU. Aria. 26629 ... Boa 215 Bagdad, Aria. *6321 Cyprus Mmea Corfu, Hruee Ulno Box 467 Uium llusilwl, Ant. aAXil Duval Corp................................... Mux 1271 Kingman, Aria. S640I Bax M KahuoriCt, Aria. ASGi9 Inspiration CuwwlHUtol Cupfur impir*iim, Arts. WWW, 3 open pit mines, 2 mills. leach iluflifa, and pm cipiutkm plant Open pit mine ami mill.. Do. Do. Open pit mine, Hfl, leach Ynvapal. dumps* precipitation plant, and copper powder refinery. Underground mine sod Do. mPl. Open pit min*-, mill, leach Mohave. dumps, and precipita tion plant. Tima. 4 open pit mmeo, 2 mills, GUa. learh dump* anil in place teaching, heap teaching, prer.pilu'.:on plant, rod plant rolling mill. custom smeller, eiectrolyuc KMnnitt C.iftpvr Corfu. Hay Mttw.i Division. refinery.' ll*ydm, Art*. R1W5.. .. ... Open pit mine, leach Pinal, dump* and m plaro Waclt- ing. elecirowsnning plant, and precipitation plant M ill and smelter........ GUa. Magma Copper Co.: San Manuel Divtaam... Superior Division............ Box M .San Manuel, Aric. 85631 Boa 37 Super**, Aria. H627J Undi rground mine, mill, t.i l smelter. Umlvtirruuod mine, mill. ami custom amelUf. PlaaL Do. Phelps Dlc* Corp.: Copper Queen Branch.......... .. Drawer K Open pit mine, under* Cochise Bbbcc, Aria. K5G03 ground mine, mill, leach dumps and in place leaching, and precipita tion plant. Morenci Braoeh......................Dougins, Aria. 85607. Custom smelter........... .. Do. Unread, Aril. 86540. Open pit mine, mill, leaclt Greenlee dumps, precipitation plant, ami smelter. New Cornelia Branch....... Drawer 9 Open nit mine, mill, and Fima, Afo, Arts. 86321 smelter. Chelps Dodge Corp., (Big Hole Do* 125 Open pit mine, leach Yavapai. Mining Co.. lessee). Jerome, Arix. 86381 duMipx, and precipita Pima Mining Co............... Box 7187 tion plant. Open fdt mine and mill.. Pima. Tucmhi. Arix. S6713 Rancher* Exploration and Ilnx 6217 Open pit mine, heap leach* Glia, lAevelnpment Corp. Albg<|ucrt|ue. N. Met. H7107 ing, and eltctrowinning Cities Service Cn,, Miami Copper Box 100 plant. Often pit mine, mill, leach Do. Co. Divtaion. Miami, Arix. 85539 dumps nnd in place leach* ing. and 3 precipitation plants. Dlatondtc: Arixona Gypsum Corp___ Hoi 8495 Open pit mine and plant.. Pinal. Phoenix, Arix. 85005 Feldspar: International Minerals it ChrinWI I'orpH Industrial AdruinUtratu.rt Center Old Orchard (load ....do...,........... ..............Mohave. 61 literals Division. Skokie, 111. 60079 Gold: ]n'|tiralHo CoosoUdaled C**pper Inspiration, Arix. 85637.. Set Copper............. GUa, Co. rrf.. Ray Mine* Division. Hayden, Arix. 852TC... . d-* ..................... Pinal. Magma Copper Co.: San Manuel Division....... Box M San Manuel. Arix. 35631 Superior Division.......... Box 37 ....do................. ____do................. Do. Do. Superior, Arix. 85373 Phelps Dodge Corp.: iVppit Queen Dranrh.......... Drawer K Bi-.Uee, Arix. H5603 ____do.............................. C-dilN. Mrenei Draneh.............. .. Morend, Ark. 85540......... New Cornelia Brandi............. Drawer 9 ........ hi................. Ciccnlrc. ....do Pima. Aj. Aria. 85321 -'i r*' . Mi Ciper Bo* 100 ....do................................. Gila. Co. Division. Miami, Aria. 85549 Gypsum: Arami Gypsum Corp.: Verde Division................. Box 6675 Open pit mine ami plant.. Yavapai. Phoenix, Ark. 85005 Winhetman Division........................ do................ :............ ___ do.................................. Pinat National Gypsum Co................... 375 Delaware Ava. ____do............................ Do. Buffalo, N.Y. 14202 * - \. m: -JvtV i '* ,"T.. ! ^;vyv':: ' . .. W.- -/.y.y t'V-vA.Vvc'i ill wm. 15196696 V-V VV-.^O : - \\. .A I.hi -'iy 1 : .V-v. A-24 TABLE A-7. (Continued) Ci..inm<IUy rwHI'a'iv Adlfc*v Type of activity________ County Helium: Kfrr-MfOw fWp., Gu Korr-MrCee Dldfr. I'roftTMinK Dejtirtmwt. Oklahoma City, Okla. 73102 Iron nrc: OK&I Steel Corp... ............. ib>x 316 Pueblo, Colo. 81002 Lime: Paul Urn* Plant, Inc.................. Drawer T Douglas, Arix. 85607 Phelps Dodge Ccrp., Morend Morcnct, Arix. M5M0............. branch. Mice: Duckeye Mice Company................ not 416 buckeye. Aril. 85326 Sen Antonio Mka Co.. -- ...... Box 397 Ajo, Arix. 85321 Molybdenum: American Smelting end Refining 120 Broadway Co. New York, N.Y. 10005 The Anaconda Company............ box 127 Sahuarita, Arix. 85629 Deeded Copper Corp................. Hue 246 Bagdad. Arix. 86321 Duval Corp....................... ................ box 1271 Kingman, Aria. 86401 Duval Sierrte Crep.......................... box 125 Sahuarite, Am. 85629 6 well* and (dent; Plata Apache. Dome field. 0|en pit mine___ ....... Navajo. 5 rotary-kiln plant............. Cochlea. 1 rotary-kiln, 1 fluHixed- Otaeniae, bed-kiln plant. Open pit mine.......... Maricopa. ____ do................. Pima. See Copper ............. Do. ____do......................... Do. ____do..................... YavapaL ____do.................................... Mohave, Pima. Open pit mine, mDi, and Pima, am) roeater. Inspiration ConatlklaUHl Oip|*er Co. Kennecoll Cop|er Corp., Kay Mine* Division. lnpir.*.:ai, Arix. K5537..... Op*-n pit mine, mill, and roaster. Hayden, Arix. 85235......... ...... ....do................ .. Gfla. Pinal. Magma Copj*ef < o., Kan Manual box M Division. San MsitoM, Arix. 85C31 .do................. Do Pima Mining Co............... box 71H7 box 100Tuowm. Arix. 85713 Cititr* Service Co., Miami Copper Co. Divi*-Mn. Miami, Arix. K5539 .do................. .. Pima. .do...................... GQa. Natural gas :>n*i j*eU<dcum: Humble (hi 4: lteluiing Co....... 2000 Clemon Center-North Crude oil and natural gaa Apacha, Oklahoma City, Okla. 73106 wdl*; Hast boundary Km-MeO( Corp. Butte field. Kcrr-MrGee Bldg. Crude oil and natural gas Oklahoma City, Okie. 73102 wells; Dlnch bl Keyah Do. Perlite: field. Supreme Perlite, inc.......... 321 Ro. 27th Ave. Phoenix, Arix. 65009 Open pit mine. ____ Marieopa. Pumice: Apache County Highway Department. Box 42k St. Johns, Arix. 85936 ____do............ ...... .................Apache. AteRhaiailownayTi*i*ok A Santa Fe Winslow, Arix. 6004?____ Open pit mine and plant.. Coconino. Superbte llidra. Supply, Inc... 6201 North 7th St. Phoenix, Arix. 65014 Open pit mine................... Do. Pyrites: Magma Copper Co., Superior Division. Sand and gravel (commercial); Box 37 Superior, Arix. 85273 See Copper.........................Pinal. Arizona Sand A Hock Co...... Box 20067 Phoenix, Ariz. K503G 2 pit and plant*. .... Tucson Sand A Sill, Inc....... 2430 \Vt*t Curtis St. Tur*on, Arii. 65705 Pit and plant.............. . Union Rock A Material* Corp., 2800 Smith Central Ave. bentson CvnlfHCtini Co. riioonls, Arix. X5O40 3 pita and plants.___ United Metro Material* A Concrete Co., Ine. box l.TWk Phoenix, Arix. 65002 6 pita and plants.____ Do. 2 pita and planta. ........ Pinal. Silver; Pit and plant........ American Smelling and Rbfiniug 120 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10005 See Copper .......... The Anaconda Company.............. box 127 Sahuiirlla, Arix. 85629 Bagdad Copper C^rp........... box 245 Bagdad, Arix. 86321 CyDpirvuissioMni.nas Corp., Bruce Mine Box 457 Bagdad, Arix. 86321 Duval Corp.................... Box 1271 ___ Do. .... YavapaL .... GUa. Kingman, Arix. 86401 Box 38 SahuariU, Arix. 85C29 Inspiration Conaclkiated Copper Inspiration, Arix. 65537 Co. Kennecolt Copper Corp,, Ray Mines Division. Hayden, Arix. 85235......................do. Pinal. Magma Copper Co.: Sen Manuel Division....... Box M San Manuel, Arix. 85631 Superior Division............. .. Box 37 ....do. ....do, Do. Do. Sufierinr, Arix. 85273 Magma Copper Co., (McFarland Box 236 A Hullmger, Uraaec). Tooele, Utah 84074 Dump. Do. Phcl|Hi Dodge Orp,: Copper Queen Branch ...... Drawer K Biabee, Arix. 85603 Sec Copper................. Cochlea. Morend Branch............ Morend, Arix- 85540____ Now Cororiii 11ranch... _ . .. Drawer 9 Ajo. Arix. 85321 ____do................ ...................Greenlee. ....do................ .. Pima. Pima Mining Co............ .............. Box 7157 Tucfton. Arix. 85713 Cities Service Co, Miami Copper Box 100 Co. Divkloo. Miami, Arix. 85539 ....do................... ............ Do. ....do............................... GQa. Btooe: American ComaeL Corp., Phoenix 2404 Wiishke ItWd. Division. Lns Angetas Calif. 90057 Quarry and plant...............YavapaL New Pueblo Conitructora....... 4115 E. lllicMit-t Xu Quarry...................... ............ Pima. Tucaon, Arix. 65714 Paul lime Plant, lac........... Drawer T Douglas. Arix. 85607 Quarry and plant........... Cochise. tine: Cyprus Minna Corp., Draco Aline DivksHin. Box 457 Bagdad, Arix. KRtll See Copper........................... YavapaL 15196697 r* Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962 U.S.G.S. Map MR 17. (21-) Geologic Map of Arizona E. D. Wilson, et al, 1969 U.S.G.S. and Arizona Bureau of Mines. (22) Reported Occurrences of Selected Minerals in Arizona T. F. Stipp, et al, 1967 U.S.G.S. Map MR-46. (23) Map of Known Nonferrous Base and Precious Metal Mineral In Arizona S. B. Keith, 1969 Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona. Occurrences (24) Map of Known Metallic Mineral Occurrences (Excluding Base and Precious Metals) In Arizona S. B. Keith, 1969 Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona. (25) Map of Known Nonmetallic Mineral Occurrences in Arizona F. J. McCrory and R. T. O'Hare, 1965 Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona. (26) Mineral and Water Resources of Arizona J. D. Forrester, et al, 1969 Senate Document, Bulletin 180 . The Arizona Bureau of Mines, Tucson, Arizona. (27) The Mineral Industry of Arizona L. Moore, 1971 U. S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook. lSl96693 Arkansas The rocks of the state of Arkansas are regionally affected by igneous activity in two major areas: (1) a batholith underlying the southern sedimentaries of the Ozark Region, and (2) plutonic extrusives along the southern edge of the Ouachita Mountain Region. These areas are located on the Figure A-8 by showing for (1) the areas of intense mineralization, and for (2) the major igneous outcrops. . Minor outcrops of the igneous rocks occur frequently along the southern front of the Ouachita Mountains and mineralization and metamorphism is extensive. The mineral assemblage includes the fibrous amphiboles. Near Little Rock, the Jeffrey Stone Company (P.0. Box 185, North Little Rock, Arkansas 72114) produces large tonnages of quartzitic sandstone for crushed aggregate and other uses. The quartz veins within this formation contain cookeite, chlorite, purite, galena, sphoderite, aukerite and rectorite including the mountain leather variety of rectorite A belt of the quartz-cookeite-rectorite mineralization exists in the northeastern Frontal Ouachita Mountains believed to be emplaced in Cretaceous time. The Granite Mountain intrusive south of Little Rock is locally quarried for a number of commodities. Metamorphosed shale and novaculite of Paleogoic age are exposed in contact with the nepheline syenite of Granite Mountain. The porphyritic syenite is called pulaskite. Some exposures of fourchite and other basic dike rocks occur nearby. Small occurrences of calcite, fluorite, chlorite and other minerals are found in association with these rocks. To the southwest in Saline County, the Milwhite Company, Incorporated (P.0. Bex 15038, Houston, Texas 77020) grinds soapstone and slage for fillers, insecticides, and roofing uses. Soapstone is obtained from open pits worked in a sill-like serpentine intrusion of probable Paleogoic age. The major operation in Saline County is the aluminum-bauxite recovery by the Aluminum Company of America, the American Cyanamid Company, the A. P. Green Refractories Company, and the Reynolds A-27 co < CO SS 2 $ 5OW5 H 2 2 OUACHITA MOUNTAIN REGION 8 0I0 < W g oM b 15196700 A-28 Mining Corporation. The bauxite deposits are centered around intrusives of nepheline syenite. Lateritic weathering has resulted in the alteration to bauxite. The principal mineral is gibbsite. Impurities are silica, iron, and titaniun. About 15 miles due west of Little Rock, in Saline County, there is a serpentine dike area noted for its talc-soapstone deposits and nickel mineralization. The serpentine dikes cut middle Ordivlcian age shale and in turn are cut by Cretaceous age smaller dikes and sills of monchiquite, ouachitite, fourchite, nepheline syenite, phonolite, syenite, trachyte, and diorite. The talc-dolomite-soapstone alteration of the serpentine body was by low-temperature hydrothermal solution. Small deposits of nickel are often found in serpentine or peridatite bodies as replacement occurrences. The nickel deposits are not now being exploited. The Magnet Cove intrusive complex in Hot Spring County is an alkalic igneous rock assemblage where many varieties of igneous rocks, metamorphism of sedimentary rocks, and associated mineralization can be found. Sphene nepheline syenite, ijolite, carbonatite, phonolite, garnet pseudolencite syenite, and jacupirangite rocks are found in the roughly circular outcrop. The jacupirangite is cut by mafic and alkalic dikes. There are numerous titanium-bearing minerals and as the name of the place implies, there is much magnetite. The Arkansas Novaculite in the area is thermally metamorphosed. There is quarrying in this area for barite by Dresser Minerals (F.O. Bax 6504, Houston, Texas 77005) and by National Lead Industries, Incorporated (P.0. Box 1675, Houston, Texas 77001). About 4 miles to the west of the Magnet Cove complex there is a relatively small circular alkalic intrusive in Garland County which is the site of the only primary vanadiun recovery operation in the United States. The outer ring of this intrusive is alkali syenite and fenite. The center is principally nepheline syenite. Numerous other basic rock types are included in the complex and the whole has been weathered to considerable depth. Locally the rocks have been intensely chloritized and close to the intrusive the metamorphics include the fibrous amphiboles (e.g., tremollte). 15196701 ' v v ; . * .K....yXri'y' l: * 'X . ; i.-- ;. A-29 The Union Carbide Corporation (Route 2, P.0. Bax 564, Hot Springs, Arkansas 71901) is working two open pit quarries in the area chiefly for recovery of the vanciun content. Evidence of the igneous activity along the front of -the Ouachita Mountain Region is found continually to the southwest from Magnet Cove. For example, in Pike County, there is the diamond bearing intrusive near Murfreesboto which has become famous as the only site in the United States where diamonds are found. A small amount of mercury (cinnabar) is recovered from the mineralized area of Pike County. In addition to the mineralization of the Ouachita Mountain Region there is extensive mineralization in the northern Arkansas counties as indicated in Figure A-8. Lead and zinc mineralization predominates over a five county area to the west and manganese minerals are found to the east. Currently there is no production of these commodities from the Ozark Region. The county by county mineral production in Arkansas is tabulated in Tables A-8 and A-9. *',V 4, r.'v'.-r ; : 15196702 -1 A-30 TABLE A-8. Value of mineral production in Arkansas, by county1 (Thousands) Count/ Arkansas.. Ashle/.. Beater. Boom..___ Bradley____ Calhoun____ Carroll. Chieot.. Clark___ ... Clay.. Cleburne____ Cleveland............................... Columbia................................ Conway____ Craifhead.. Crawfm Critter Cross. Dallas.. Desha. Drew.. Faulkner. Franklin... Fulton. Garland. Grant.. Hempstead!!" Hot Spring.... Howard____ Independent Itara... Jack Little Logan.__ Lonoke____ Mad; Marion*______ Minor................ Mississippi... Monroe... Montgomer Nevada.. Newton.. Ouachita....* Perry. .... Phillips..* Pike................... Poinsett...... Poik............ Pope.............. Prairie___ ... Pulaski.. Randolph..... St Francis.... Saline......-- Scott...------ -Searcy............... Sebastian............ Sevier.. Sharp... Stone... Onion..... Washington.-----White..................... Woodruff.............. Yell------UndUti 1/70 $3 W W wW 2*5 9*9 827 W W 246 W W 40.179 762 W W W 716 W W W 669 10,065 208 W 102 294 W 4.509 W W 2.202 41 S17 4,931 16,36* 859 159 W 1,721 W 1 115 W 6 <*> W W w 8,323 147 76 W 449 W W 27 9,047 W W 27,869 83 8 4,92Wto3 1 29,476 W W 1,046 W 2H 58,743 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order ol value. W W W W W $1,19* W Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, aand and gravel. Do. Petroleum, sand and gravel. Send and gravel, petroleum. Sand and gravel, atone. W 170 142 W 41,507 W W 4,742 W W Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel. Stone. Send and gravel. Bromine, iietroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, aand and graveL Stone, natural gaa. Sand and gravel, days. Natural gaa, stone, aand and graveL Clays, aand and gravel. Sand and gravel. W Do. W 8tone, sand and graveL 8,904 Natural gas, coal, atone, aand and graveL W Sand and graveL atone. W Vanadium, abrasives, aand and graveL tripoll, stone. W Sand and graveL W Do. W Sand and graveL days. W Barite, clays, atone, aand and graveL W Cement, gypsum, stone, days, petroleum. 8,064 W W W 5,355 Stone, lime, aand and gravel. Sand ami graveL atone. Sand and graveL Do. Natural gas, coal, stone, deya, 16,308 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, aand end graveL W Stone, aand and graveL W Sand and graveL W Cement, stone, aand and graveL days. W Natural gas, stone, coaL W Clays, aand and gravel. 2 Sand and graveL W Do. 13,927 Petroleum, aand end graveL natural gas, days. 7 Sand and gravel. W W 2 8,580 20 W W 341 W 2,089 Stone. Petroleum, eand and gravel. Sand am! graveL Petroleum, aand and gravd, natural gaa, days. Stone. Sand and gravel. Gypsum, aand and graveL atone, tripoU, mercury. Sand and gravd. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, natural gas, aand and gravd. 18,588 32 W 26,202 W 56 5,328 61 11 17 30,597 W W W $ 11 66,954 Stone, bausite, clays, aand and graveL Stone, aand and graveL Sand and gravel. Bausite, lime, stone, sand and graveL days, talc. Natural gas. Stone, aand and graveL Natural gas, atone, coal, aand and graveL days. Sand and gravd. Do. Stone, aand and graveL Bromine, petroleum, aand and graveL nature! gas* clays* Stone. Stone, sand.and gravel, natural gaa. Stone, aand and gravd. Sand and graveL Natural gas. Total4* 225,625 253.219 W Withheld to avoid diademing individual rotn|any confidential data. Lee County la not listed because no production was reported in 1970 or 1971. > Lam than H unit. * Includes mineral (iroductkin that cannot be suedgned to |ccific counties and values indicated by symbol W. 4 Data may not add to totals shown because of tndeiwndeut rounding. l A-31 3 S 3. 1 1 I 1; j-*-s-li* llP!isl!|Ias 'sha 3a I & !" BoU -sS-ejII*JIss' J2di5 gi o Hi t I 5 I 15196704 Source References (3)Talc and Soapstone in the United States A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962 U.S.G.S. Map MR-31. Geologic Map of Arkansas Edited by H. D. Miser and G. W, Stose, 1929 Arkansas Geological Survey Little Sock, Arkansas. (29) Central Arkansas, Economic Geology and Petrology Field Trip Guide Book N. F. Williams, 1967 Arkansas Geological Commission Little Rock, Arkansas. (30) "Nickel Occurrences in Soapstone Deposits, Saline County, Arkansas" P. J. Sterling and C. G. Stone, 1961 Economic Geology, Vol 56, No. 1, Jan-Feb, 1961. (31) The Mineral Industry of Arkansas G. N. Broderich, 1971 U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook. California Large areas of the state of California contain favorable geologic conditions for the formation of asbestiform minerals. Figure A-8 the geographic distribution of these areas. In the western part of the statet along the Sierra Nevada range, there are extensive areas of igneous intrusive rocks. Along the boundaries of the igneous rock are associated metamorphic rocks or rocks which have been altered by hydrothermal activity. The result has been the formation of asbestiform minerals. Similar areas are shown for other parts of southern California. Certain areas of the state are characterized by scattered occurrences of intrusive igneous rocks. Such an area is shown in the southern portion of the state. Along the coastal range is another elongate area of scattered intrusives which includes ultramafic bodies. These bodies characteristically alter to fibrous serpentine. Localities in California with reported occurrences of asbesti form minerals are indicated in Figure A-9. Table A-10 gives, by county, a brief description of the asbestos occurrences, references, and the coor dinates of the sites. Mining activity in each of the counties is given in Table A-ll. The great majority of the individual mines or quarries in the suspect counties have no published descriptions of the minerology and the presence of asbestos can only be inferred from the presence of igneous or metamorphic rocks or from recorded occurrences in the area. Four mines on which published literature was available are indicated on Figure A-9. These mines serve as examples of asbestos occurrences in nonasbestos mines. A description of each of the mines follows. Mountain Bass District. San Bernardino County. The rare-earth deposits here are in Precambriam metamorphic and igneous rocks. Included in the country rock are gneisses, schists, migmatites, amphibolites, and pegmatites. The ore mineral bastnasite occurs within igneous rocks that cut metamorphic rock as numerous dikes. The common gangue minerals are 15196706 A-34 calcite, dolomite, ankerite, and siderite, while a minor phase is the amphibole crocidolite. The {fountain paSS Mine is operated by the Molybdenum Corporation of America. Mining is by open-pit, with mill feed capacity 1,200 tons per day. The mine is in a sparsely populated area in the north-east portion of the county. New Idria Mine. San Benito County. This is a hydrothermal deposit of cinnabar, pyrite, and marcasite occurring in country rock of sandstone, shale, greywacke, and serpentlnites. Presumably chrysotile is present in the serpentinite and occurs in the gangue. The mine is open-pit and underground and is operated by the New Idria Mining and Chemical Company. Concentrator feed capacity, is 350 tons per day. The only population center nearby is the mining town of Idria. Bishop Tungsten District. Invo County. In thi6 deposit tightly folded metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks are enclosed by intrusive igneous rocks. Along the contact of the granitic intrusive with calcareous metasedimentary (marble) rock a scheelite bearing ore deposit was formed. The Pine Creek Mine, operated by the Union Carbide Corporation, is an underground mine located along this contact. A breccia zone also exists near the contact and contains, among other phases, actinollte. The breccia must often be removed in order to mine the tungsten ore and con sequently contributes actinolite to the gangue. The town of Bishop is the closest population center. New Almaden District. Santa Clara County. This deposit was formed in silicate-carbonate by the hydrothermal alteration of serpentine which had intruded sedimentary rocks. The principal ore mineral cinnabar was deposited along fractures in the serpentine. It is expected that the mined ore will have a high content of serpentine gangue, presumably con taining chrysotile. ^51961 O'7 42. 3BCONTRA COSTA- ALAMEDASANTA CLARA - SAN BENITO-'' A-35 Area of igneous and metamorphic rocks || 11 Area of scattered igneous and metamorphic rocks Ultramatic intrusive ^ Reported asbestos occurences Mining activity described in text FIGURE A-9. MAP SHOWING AREAS OF CALIFORNIA WHICH HAVE FAVORABLE GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF ASBESTIFORM MINERALS 15196708 A-36 TABLE A-10. ASBESTOS OCCURRENCES IN CALIFORNIA Siskiyou County Asbestos of unknown variety. Averill, 1935. Asbestos of unknown variety. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959 . 4155r 4144' Brittle chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. Chrysotile asbestos. 4129' 4125' Narrow veins of chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 4124' Chrysotile asbestos in peridotite. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. Type of asbestos is unknown. Averill, 1935. 4119' 4119' Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 4117' Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 4115' Shasta Countv Chrysotile-bearing rock with minor amounts of amphibole asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 4106' Tremolite asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959; Rice, 1957. Chrysotile asbestos. Averill, 1939. 4106' 4105' Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine and peridotite, Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 4103' Trinity County General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959 Weathered amphibole asbestos. 4110' Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. 4106' Anthophyllite asbestos in serpentine. 4105' Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. 4003' Lake County All deposits are chrysotile asbestos in serpentine General Reference: Brice, 1953 Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3851' 3855' 12309' 12244' 12234' 12229' 12227* 12228* 12229' 12226' 12252' 12226' 12223' 12230' 12228' 12230' 12228' 122431 12313' 12240' 12230' ! _ i * . : .: : k. r - s'-"- . . ' *r. A-37 TABLE A-10. (continued) Napa County Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3829' Contra Costa County Asbestos of unknown variety in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3757' Alameda County Short-fiber asbestos of unknown variety in serpentine Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3 748' Plumas County Amphibole asbestos. Logan, 1943. Amphibole asbestos in sheared "greenstone". 4000 * 39521 Sierra County Slip-fiber amphibole asbestos in schist and serpentine General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959 3939' 3933' 3933' Nevada County - Cross-fiber chrysotile in ultrabasic intrusion of Jurassic age. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. Logan, 1941. Yuba County 3922' 3909' General Reference: O'Brien, 1952 Very small seams of asbestos of unknown variety in serpentine. 3933' Small seams of asbestos of unknown variety along a serpentine-slate contact. 3931' Small seams of asbestos of unknown variety in serpentine. 3928* Placer County Chrysotile asbestos. Logan, 1927. 3917' Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Lcgan, 1Q27. Anthophyllite in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3914' 3912: 12211' 12149' 12209' 12109' 12046' 12040' 12054' 12038' 12049' 12058' 12108' 12113* 12103' 12035' 12048' 12047' 15196710 ;.-v .*i". . ;V:. : , vt.;.r-*M.v\vv*. * \V *' ' i ' -V `.\v . - *.: * ; V r - \.- , .v r- .* . *. - ... .*- * * V *'.>' r V > r 'r : ; - \\ A-38 TABLE .A-10.(continued) White slip-fiber tremolite. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3906' El Dorado Countv Asbestos of unknown variety. Clark and Carlson, 1956; Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3856' Chrysotile (?) asbestos. Clark and Carlson, 1956; Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3852' Amador Countv Deposits are the amphibole asbestos type General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959 3822' 3820* Calaveras Countv Veinlets of chrysotile asbestos associated with a chromite deposit in a schistose serpentinized saxonite. Cater, 1948. 3814' Asbestos occurrence of unknown variety. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3813' Chrysotile asbestos veinlets in serpentine. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3814' Veins and veinlets of slip-fiber tremolite or actinolite. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3808' Short-fiber chrysotile asbestos. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. Cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentinized saxonite. Wiebelt and Smith, 1959. 3801' 3756' Tuolumne Countv Chrysotile asbestos seams in serpentine General Reference: Wiebelt and Smith, 1959 3757' 3 747' Madera Countv .Amphibole asbestos. Logan, 1950. 3719' Fresno Countv Short-fiber asbestos of unknown variety. Logan and . hers, 1951. 3616' 12051' 12055' 12049* ' r i 'V' ,i ; : . * /. . 12054' 12045' V. ... %'.r V V.'-; :-. '..ViV-Vv--'; if. .<- 12048' 12041' 12030' 12030' 12038' 12033' fv.-'X'o'- mm ': - V :y;.} - ` 12027' 12017' 11945* m 1 '* t. -?" . .. * *; - : -' *' . 12034' 1155119966771111 ^ A-39 TABLE A-10 (continued) San Benito County All deposits are chrysotile asbestos in sheared serpentine Laizure, 1926. 3622' 12046' Averill, 1947. 3620' 12043' California Department of Natural Resources, Division of Mines, 1957. 3621' 12036' Monterey County Chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentine. Laizure, 1925. 3552' 12117* Inyo County Amphibole asbestos. Norman and Stewart, 1951. 3649' 11727' Cross-fiber chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentinized limestone. Bowles, 1955; Rice, 1957. 3 63 7' 11731' Slip-fiber treiaolite in a fault zone in limestone and dolomite. Norman and Stewart, 1951. 3631' 11755' Kern County Chrysotile asbestos in serpentine. Tucker, 1929. 3520' 11809' Amphibole asbestos in serpentine. Tucker, 1929; Tucker and others, 1949. 3449' 11909' Los Angeles County Snort-fiber chrysotile asbestos along a shear zone in chloritized shale. -Gay and Hoffman, 1954. 3420' llS^1 San Bernardino County Amphibole and chrysotile (?) asbestos in dolomitic limestone. Tucker and Sampson, 1931. 3507' 11600' Cross- and slip-fiber tremolite asbestos in quartz schist. Bowen, 1954. 3449* 11715' Riverside County General Reference: Tucker and Sampson, 1945 Amphibole asbestos in a shear zone in granite. Veins of siip-fiber tremolite in schist. 3346' 3337' 11716' 11629' Narrow seams of amphibole asbestos. 3336' 116026' Amphibole asbestos in belt of serpentine schist. 3336' 116029' 15196712 A-40 TABLE A-ll. MINING ACTIVITY IN CALIFORNIA County Alameda...................... Alpine........................... Amador........................ Butte.. Calaveras...... .. ........... Colusa.......................... Contra Co*La...... Del Norte......... El Dorado......... Fresno............ Glenn..................... .. .... Humboldt......... Imperial........... ........... Inyo.............................. Kern.................... Kings............................... Lake................................. Lassen........... .. Lo* Angeles....... Madera........................... Marin............................ M sriposs...................... Mendocino. . . _ Merced........................... Modoc............................. Mono............................... Monterey...................... Napa................................ Nevada........................... Orange............................ Placer.............................. Plumas........................... Riverside....... . Sacramento.................. San Benito................... San Bernardino.... bio Diego..................... San Francisco............. San Joaquin................ San Luis Obispo.__ San Mateo........ Santa Barbara . . .. Santa Clara................. Sant* Crux................... Shasta............................. Sierra............................... Siskiyou......................... Solano............................. Sonoma............. .. Stanulaus...................... Sutter.............................. Tehama.......................... Trinity............................ Tulare.......................... Tuolumne..................... \ entura..................... Yolo................................ Yuba................................ Undistributed 1 .... Minerals produced in 1971 In order of value Sand and gravel, salt, stone, clays, petroleum. Stiver, gold, stone, copper, lead, sine, aand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone, clays, coal. Natural gas. aand and gravel. Cement, asbeeto*, stone, aand and gravel, clays. Natural gas. sand and gravel, stone, mercury. Stone, natural gas, petroleum, lime, sand and gravel, clays, peat, mercury. Ssnd end gravel, days, stone. Stunt, lime, sand and gravel, tele. Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, gibesto*. natural gas liquids, atone, gold, tungsten, days, silver. Natural gas, sand and gravel, lime, atone. Sand end grevel, natural gas, stone. Sand and gravel, gypsum, lime, deys. aton*. Tungsten, talc, tine, molybdenum, silver, atone, lead, eand and gravel, copper, boron compounds, perlite, days, gold. Petroleum, boron compounds, natural gas, cement, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel, stone, gypsum, sodium aullate, clays, salt, carbon dioxide, pumice, tungsten. Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum, aand and gravaL Ssnd and gravel, pumice, mercury, atone. Pumice, aand and gravel, stone. Petroleum, ssnd and gravel, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, stone, days, lime, sine, copper. Natural gas, aand and gravel, stone, days* pumiea. Stone, clays, mercury. Sand end grevel, stone. Stone, aand and gravel. Sand anil gravel, Slone, mercury, gold. band and gravel, stone, pumice. Ssnd end gravel, pumice, days, tale, gold. Petroleum, magnesium compounds, stone, lima, send and gravel, feldspar, natural gas. Salt, atone, mercury, clays, diatomite, aand and gravel, pumice. Ssnd and gravel, stone. Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, clays, lime, peal. Sand and gravel, days, stone, gold. Sami and gravel, lume, gold. Iron ore, cement, ssnd and gravel, stone, clays, petroleum, natural gas. Natural gaa. aand and gravel, petroleum, stone, gold, days, silver. Cement, stone, asbestos, mercury, sand and gravel, petroleum, clavs. natural gaa. Cement, boron compounds, stone, sand and gravel, potassium sail', sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, rare-earth minerals, salt. |*etr.*um. clays, lime, c*icuro-magn**ium chloride, talc, iron ore. bromine, lithium minerals, natural ga>. tungsten, pumice, gypvum, silver, gold, copper. Sand and gravel, stone, salt, magnesium compounds, days, lead, gold, silver, copper, zinc. Sand ami grave! Natural ga. aand and gravel, lime, stone, gold, silver. Petroleum, stone, natural ga*. sand snd gravel, mercury, g>psum. clays. Salt, magnesium compounds, cement, stone, sand and gravel, petroleum, natural go* Petroleum, diatomite, natural gas, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel, lime, mercury, stone. Cement, atone, sand and gravel, mercury. Cement, *ume. sand and gravel, clays Cement, aand and gravel, stone, pumice, clays, barite, gold, silver. &snd and gravel, gold. Pumice, sand and gravel, stone. Natural gas. petroleum, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, mercury, stone, clavs. natural gas. Sand and gravel, clays, gold, silver, stone. Natural gas, sand anil gravel, clays. Natural gas. sand and gravel, stone, pumice Stone, sand and gravel, mercury, gold. Sand and gravel, lime, natural gas. stone, petroleum, cleyt. Stone, rand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas. natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, atone, clays. Ssnd and gravel, natural gas. lime, pctrl*um. Sand and gravel, stone, clay*. 1 Include* Federal otfiho;* petroleum and natural gas, tunyLen that cannot l>e assigned to *pitic counties, and gem tones. mercury. land and gravel, and m.ucated by *ymo<.l Vt\ 15196713 A-41 Source References (32) Mines and Mineral Resources of Siskiyou County, Averill, C. V., 1935, California Journal Mines and Geology, _31 (3). (33) Mineral Resources of Shasta County, 1939, California Journal Mines and Geology, J35 (2) . (34) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Barstow Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California, Bowen, O.E., Jr., 1954, California Division Mines, Bulletin 165. (35) The Asbestos industry, Bowles, Oliver, 1955, U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 552. (36) Geology of Lower Lake Quadrangle, California, Brice, J. C., 1953, California Division Mines Bulletin 166. (37) Crhcmite Deposits of Calaveras and Amador Counties, California, Cater, F. W., Jr., 1948, California Division Mines Bulletin 134, pt. 3, chapter 2. (38) Mines and Mineral Resources of El Dorado County, California, Clark, W. B. and Carlson, D. W., 1956, California Journal Mines and Geology, 52 (4). (39) Mines and Mineral Deposits of Los Angeles County, California, Gay, T. E., Jr. and Hoffman, S. R. , 1954, California Journal Mines and Geology, 50 (3-4). (40) Monterey County, Laizure, C. McK., 1925, California Report State Mineralogist, 21 (1). (41) Placer County, Logan, C. W., 1927, California Report State Mineralogist, 23 (3). (42) Mineral Resources of Nevada County, 1941, California Journal of Mines and Geology, 32 (3). Current Mining Activity in Plumas County, Logan, C. A., 1943, California Journal Mines and Geology, 39 (1). (44) Mines and Mineral Resources of Madera County, California, 1950, California Journal Mines and Geology, 46 (4). (45) (46) Mines and Mineral Resources of Inyo County, Norman, L. A. and St-pwart, R. M. , 1951, California Journal Mines and Geology, 47 (1). 15196714 Mines and Mineral Resources of Yuba County, O'Brien, J. C., 1952, California Journal Mines and Geology, 48 (2). A-42 (47) Asbestos in Wright, L. A., ed.. Mineral Commodities of California, Rice, S. J., 1957, California Division Mines Bulletin 176. (48) Kern County, Tucker, W. B., 1929, California Report State Mineralogist, ,25 (1). (49) San Bernardino County, Tucker, W. B. and Sampson, R. J., 1931, California Report State Mineralogist, 27 (3). (50) Mineral Resources of Kern County, Tucker, W. B., Sampson, R. J., and Oakeshott, G. B., 1949, California Journal Mines and Geology, 45 (2). (51) A Reconnaissance of Asbestos Deposits in the Serpentine Belt of Northern California, Wiebelt, F. J. and Smith, M. C. , 1959, U.S. Bureau of Mines Inf. Circ. 7860. I - .v ;> * . :.;;i-V* v. 1Sl96*7`l5 A-43 Colorado The state of Colorado has fairly extensive regions of igneous and metamorphic which are likely sources of asbestiform minerals. These regions are shown in Figure A-10. The state is divided geologically by the Rocky Mountains into three parts. The eastern part, in the Great Plains province, is characterized geologically be relatively undisturbed, flat-lying sedimentary rocks. Here the conditions are unfavorable for the formation of asbestiform mineral phases. The middle part of the state, the mountain province has igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock divided into many complex structural units. The western portion of the state, in the Plateau province, is characterized by relatively undisturbed sedimentary rocks into which are stream-cut valleys and canyons. The eastern and western parts of the state generally possess geologic conditions unfavorable to the formation of asbestiform mineral phases and need not be dealt with further in the present study. The middle portion of the state, however, has geologic conditions favorable to the formation of asbestiform mineral phases and may provide sources of fugitive asbestos emissions. Within this area are intrusive granitic rocks of both Precombrian and Genogoic age and associated metamorphic rocks. Counties of prime interest are Routt, Jackson, Larimer, Grand, Boulderi Gilpin, Clear Creek, Jefferson, Summit, Eagle, Pitkin, Lake, Park, Douglas, Feller, Colorado Springs, Fremont, Chaffee, Gunnison, Sagusche, Custer, Pueblo, Huerfano, Costilla, Las Animos, Moffat, Hinsdal, San Juan, and La Plato. Despite the widespread area of favorable geologic conditions, no specific mention of asbestiform mineral occurrences in mining sites has been found for the state in the general literature. Some of the mine sites investigated are indicated in Figure A-10. Mining districts investigated Include the Climax molybdenum deposit in Lake County, the Gilman District zinc deposits in Eagle County, the Leadville Districts gold-silver-copper-lead-zinc mines in Lake County, and the deposits of 15196716 XD C o JK O in Z3 ol_ o a> o c JE O' aL. o o oo <D I < -- c/> </> X<)u C> Jo5 sg ? 0i.) to O 0> o ?-o E ~ 0) Is L. Ho- A-44 FIGURE A - 10. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN COLORADO 96^ A-45 eilver-copper-lead-zinc in the San Juan Mountains of San Juan and Hinsdal Counties. Though no specific mention of abestiform minerals was found in the literature searched, given the regional geology, there is little doubt of their existence in the central Colorado area. From the population map in Figure A-10, it is seen that the area of interest is one of relatively low population density. Mining activity in this area is given in Table A-12. Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F, Shride, 1962 USGS Map MR-17 (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962 USGS Map MR-31 (52) Geological Map of Colorado, W. S. Burbank, T. S. Loveriag, E. N. Goddard, and E. B. Eckel, 1935 U.S. Geological Survey (53) The Mineral Industry of Colorado, A. Kuklis, U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook (54) Mineral and Water Resources of Colorado, Senate Document No. 115, 90th Congress, 2nd Session, 1968. 1Sj.96718 i I i A-46 TABLE A-12 Value of mineral production in Colorado, by county (Tboanad,) County Adam______________ ...... Alamoaa................ Arapahoe................ mo tr.iio w S.T98 1071 Mineral, produced in 1971 fat order of value 08.980 w 14,170 Petroleum, eaad and (ravel, natural fat, lima, (old, atone, lead, copper, diver, line. Sand and (ravel, atone, peat. Petroleum, tend and (ravel, natural (a* HquMa, natural ArchnUt......... Baca.................... Bent.......... .. Boulder. ....... ......... Chaffee___ .............. Cheyenne.......... ...... Clear Creak............. Conejos____ ............. CostiUa...................................... Cml^ Custer. ................. Delta...................................... Denver... .............. Dolman................. Douglas____ ............. E*l............................................ Elbert......................................... El Paso...................................... Fremont...__...___ ..... SuWd...................................... Gilpin............ Grand___ ____............ Gunnison.... ........... Hinsdale................. Huerfano................ Jackson................. Jefferson ................ Kiowa___ ............... Kit Carson.............. Lake................ La Plata.................................... Larimer................. Las Animas.............. Lincoln................. Logan..... ............. Mesa........................................... Mineral................. Moffat.................. Moat--ama________ _______ Mootroee... ............ Morgan................. Otar.;................... ............. ... Ouray.................. Park................ ........................... PhllUfM _________________ W 1.401 w 0.6*2 w 1,964 W 66 W w 93 6.028 W 1.808 766 11,267 102 2,16* 12.137 3,400 W w 6,471 60 199 W W 6.71w3 100.020 7.615 0.397 6,186 W W W W 9,822 1.081 * I3`.606 W 679 W 1W68 W 1.208 It i4.no w 1.380 W W W 67 78 4,962 220 681 2,094 11.918 374 4,076 14,933 2,779 20 W 7.160 ww w 0.735 4,646 W 87.174 7,103 9,996 6,410 40 6,968 6,907 W 9,190 1,872 12.022 4,325 W W 118 -- Petroleum, Mad and gravel, nttunl fit* Aom. Natural raa, Mad and travel, petroleum. Saad and travel, natural gas, petroleum, days. Cement, saad and travel, fluorspar, atone, lima, days, peat, told, petroleum, silver, copper. Stone, send and travel, peat. Petroleum, aaad and travel, atone, natural gas. Molybdenum, sand and travel, atone, mica. Sand and travel, silver, told. Pumice. Sand and travel. Perlite, emnd and travel, atone, days. Coat, sand and travel, lime. Send end travel. Zinc, lead, silver, copper, aaad and travel, atone, fold, natural tu, petroleum. Sand and gravel, stone, days. Zinc, lead, silver, send and gravel, gold, copper, pumioe, atone. Petroleum, tend and gravel, days, natural gaa. Sand and gravel, stone, clays. Cement, stone, coal, gypsum, aaad and gravel, day*, petroleum, uranium, beryllium, feldspar. Vanadium, sand and travel, natural gaa, pumice* stone, coat Peat, stone, silver, lead, gold, copper. Send and gravel, stone. Coal. send and gravel, silver, lead. Stone. Cod, send and gravel, stone. Fluorspar, natural gas, petroleum, sand and travel, atone. Uranium, sand and gravel, days, stone, gold, silver. Petroleum, natural gas, aaad and grsveL Sand and gravel, petroleum. Molybdenum, tungsten, sine, lead, gold, silver, sand and gravel, tin, copper, pyrites, stone. Natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, petro leum, coal, stone. Cement, atone, sand and gravel, petroleum, lime, gypsum, natural gas, natural gsa liquids, mica. Coal, sand and gravel, clays, stone. Sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gaa. natural gas liquids* aaad and gravel, lime. Vensdium, uranium, eand and gravel, natural gas, natural gas liquids, coal, stone. Silver, sine, lead, copper, eand and gravel, gold. Natural gas* petroleum, natural gas liquids, coal, aaad and gravel. Petroleum, eand and gravel, natural gas, carbon dioxide* stone. Vensdium. uranium, coal, sand and gravel, salt, stone. Natural gas liquids, petroleum, natural gaa, lima, aaad and gravel. Lime, eand and gravel. Zinc, lead, copper, silver, gold, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, peat, stone, gold. Prowers..................................... Pueblo...................................... Rio Blanco.............. Saguache.................................. Sar. Juan................................... San Mtguet............ Sedgwick............ .. Teller......................................... Washington.............. Wold........................................... Undistributed1........... w w 32.314 41.254 W 7.823 67 W 18.618 725 855 347 W 8.29w5 62,935 W w 13.189 46,843 W 7.335 54 4.H90 20.096 W W 248 12,013 6.31w7 37.423 Coal, iron ore. sand end gravel, astursl gss. Sand and gravel, petroleum, stone. Sand and gravel, lime, c'.ays, stone. Petroleum, natural gas. natural gas liquids, alone. Copper, sand end gravel, gold, silver, stone. Coal, sand end gravel, petroleum, pumice, natural gaa. Sand and gravel, stone, pumice. Zinc, lead, golfl, copper, silver, natural gas, saad and gravel. Vanadium, uranium, cine, copper, lead, silver, gold, sand and gravel, natural gas, petroleum, stone. Send and gravel, lime, stone. Send and gravel, tine, lead, silver, gold. Natural gaa, peat, sand end gravel, stone. Petroleum, natural gaa, sand and gravel, stone. Petroleum, coal, sand and gravel, lime, stone. Sand and gravel, stone. Total*............................ * 389.624 392,724 Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undis tributed. i includes gem stones, some stone and saad and gravel that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and values Indicated by symbol W. i Data may not add to totals shown because of Independent rounding. i* ; 1S196719 .> A-47 Connecticut The occurrence of metamorphic rocks In Connecticut is extensive except in the Connecticut River Valley in the central part of the state. As can be seen in the map. Figure A-ll, metamorphic rocks appear in all eight counties of the state. Many of the formations are metamorphosed basic volcanics and associated products. The metamorphic rocks in the western zone include genisses, schists, phyllites, quartzites, and marbles having local concentrations of tremolite. The metamorphic rocks in the east consist mainly of gneisses and schists. Deposits of asbestiform minerals and soapstone are present in Litchfield and New Haven counties. The geographical locations of these deposits are shown in Figure A-ll and locations and descriptions are tabulated in Table A-13. The current mining and quarrying activities in the state by county are summarized in Table A-14. Asbestiform mineral occurrences have not been reported from these operations. TABLE A-13. ASBESTOS DEPOSITS IN CONNECTICUT Litchfield County (1) Satan's Kingdom Deposit. A large vein of pyrophyllite. 4151' 7259' New Haven County (2) Maltby Lakes. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentinite. 4118' 72591 Soapstone Deposits Litchfield County (1) Torrington-New Hartford.area. Soapstone probably related to serpentinite. Rice and Gregory, 1906, 15196720 4151' 7302' New Haven County (2) Maltby Lakes. Soapstone associated with serpentinite. 4118' 7258' A-48 15196721 FIGURE A - 1 I. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS IN CONNECTICUT A-49 TABLE A-14. MINERAL ACTIVITY IN CONNECTICUT County Fairfield Hartford Litchfield Middlesex New Haven New London Tolland Windham Commodity Sand and gravel Clay Sand and gravel Crushed and dimension stone Sand and gravel Crushed stone Clay Feldspar Sand and gravel Clay Sand and gravel Crushed and dimension stone Sand and gravel Crushed quartzite None Sand and gravel Crushed and dimension stone 15196722 A-50 Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972 U.S.G.S. Map 1-724. /2s Asbestos in the United States } A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962 U.S.G.S. Map MR-17. * (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States A. H, Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962 U.S.G.S. Map MR-31. (55) Geological Map of Connecticut J. Rodgers, et al, 1956 Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey. (56) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Connecticut Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Peat N. C. Pearre, 1957 U.S.G.S. Map MR-7. (57) The Mineral Industry of Connecticut R. A. Clifton, 1971 U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook. 15196123 A-51 Delaware The band of metamorphic rocks that are a prominent geologic feature of mid-state Maryland extend into the northernmost part of Delaware (Newcastle County) as shown in Figure A-12. Within the metamorphic rock area of Newcastle County there are gneisses, gabbro, granite, amphibolite, schists, marble, and a small body of serpentine. These rocks are believed to be of Paleoyoic age. The balance of the formations in Delaware appear to be Cretaceous and younger. There are no current mining activities in Delaware. The quarrying operations include: in Newcastle County, clay is produced by the Delaware Brick Company and seven companies recover sand and gravel. There have not been any asbestiform minerals reported in the production of these commodities. A county by county tabulation of the mineral production is given in Table A-15. 15196724 A-52 FIGURE A-I2. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN DELAWARE 15196725 A-53 TABLE A-15. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN DELAWARE Commodity and company Address Type of activity County Cloy: Delaware Brick Co.-------...-- Gnoum, calcined: Georgia-Pacific Corp.......... Sand and gravel: Barber Sand and Gravel....... Clough & Caulk Sand St Gravel. Delaware Sand St Gravel...... River Rd. New Castle. Del. 197*0 P.O. Box *11 Portland, Oreg. 97*07 R.F.D. 1 Harrington, Del. 19951 Route 1, Box 129 Wyoming. DeL 19994 R.D. 2, Box 286 Now Castle, DeL 197*0 Pit......................... New Caatle. Plant Do. Pit........................ Kent. Pit......................... Do. Pit......................... New Castle. George Naahold, Inc___...____ . Material Transit, Inc...... ............. Parkway Gravel, Inc.................... Pctrillo Brothers, Inc____..... . St. Jones River Gravel Co...... Swain Construction Co............. Whittington's Sand & Gravel Co. Woodlawn Gravel Co......... Dux 296 Frothvie*, Del. 19946 Box 210 924 South Herald SL Wilmington, Del. 19800 4048 New Castle Ave. Now Castle, Del. 19720 Box 426 Wilmington, Del. 19809 Bus 426 Dover, Del. 19901 Unroln, DeL 19960.............. ILS. Route 40 Bear, Del. 19701 Bos 2561 Wilmington, Del. 19805 Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit......................... Pit......................... Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit............. ........... Kent. New Castle. Do. Do. Do. Sussex. New Caatle. Do. Source References (1) Metamorphic Map pf the Appalachians Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972 USGS Map 1-724. (58) Generalized Geologic Map of Delaware N. Spoljaric and R. R. Jordan, 1966 Delaware Geological Survey, Wilmington, Delaware. (5y) The Mineral Industry of Delaware R. T. MacMillan, 1971 U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook. 15196726 A-54 Florida The mineral production in Florida Is not large but it is varied as indicated by the description of the county by county'production given in Table A-16. The notable commodities are zirconium and titanium concentrates produced from beach sands, phosphate rock, stone, sand, and gravel, and fossil fuels. There are no activities in rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur. TABLE a-16* Buy___________________ Charlotte........... Clay................................. r.t*lifer ................... nGiiidlcMhrist...--__._._._._. rtlllf ................... Hillsborough........ 1 air* 1 a* .......... . . Pnlk ............ .... Volusia........... .. Waltnn ............ ........ Undistributed 1---------- Value of mineral production in Florida, by county (Thousands) ......... $1,336 _____ _____ W 11,990 _____ ..... ......... ......... W 1,941 W W $1,696 94 w w 18,627 W w 2.274 W w 55.022 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value Stone. Sand and gravel. Natural gas liquids. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone, gireonium concentrates, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone. Stone, clays, phosphate roek. Ilmenite, sand and gravel, staurolite, clays, kyanite. Petroleum, atone, natural gas. Cement, stone, sand and gravel. ......... ....... ....... ....... w w Sand and gravel, clays. w 4 Peat, aand and gravel. w 11,803 Clays. w W Phosphate rock. ___ ___ _____ ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... _____ _____ _____ _____ ......... ......... _____ ......... ......... ....... w w w w w w w w 2.562 w w w w w w w w w w w w w W w W w 1.600 W 409 W Magnesium compounds, lime. Phosphate rock. Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas. Stone, lime. Cement, stone, sand and gravel, peat. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Stone, petroleum, natural gaa. Sand and gravel. Stone. 2,634 W W w 1,038 W 160,726 W iW 1.689 W W w Stone, clays, sand and gravel, phosphate rock. Stone. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, peat. Stone, sand and gravel. Do. Phosphate rock, sand and gravel, peat. Sand and gravel, clays, pest. Petroleum, natural gas. Sand and gravel, stone, peat. Stone, lime, peat. Stone. w Sand and gravel. 101,816 Total *..................................................... 300.042 343,731___ W Withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data, included with "Undistributed.** i The following counties are not listed because no production was reported: Baker. Columbia, DeSoto, Dixie, Fiagler, Hardee, Highlands, Holmes. Indian River, Jefferson, Lafayette. Liberty, Madison, Martin, Naaaau, Okeechobee, Osceola, Pasco. St. John's, Sarasota, SeminoU*. Union. Wakulla, and Washington. * Includes value of petroleum and natural gas from Escambia County. * Includes value of natural gas (2970), natural gas liquids (1970), and counties indicated by symbol W. Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. 15196-727 Georgia The metamorphosed region of northern Georgia is very extensive as indicated on Figure A-13 which also identifies the counties of orimary interest. The counties of interest were identified from the Georgia State Mineral Resource Map and the Mining Directory. The commodities produced in the counties of primary interest are summarized in the tabulation. There is no current asbestos mining in the state of Georgia although in the past there were such activities in the counties of White (Number 10 on Figure A-13), Habersham (11), Rabun (5), Barrow (24), and Meriwether (31). Currently there is no mineral extraction operations in White, Habersham, or Meriwether counties. Sand and gravel are dredged in Barrow County by the Collins Sand Company (Route 3, Monroe, Georgia 30655). A porphyritic granite gneiss is crushed to sand and aggregate for use in portland and asphalt cement sand and gravel are produced for road construction by the Rabun Quarries, Inc. (Rabun Gap, Georgia 30568) in Rabun County. While there are dunite deposits and fibrous mineral occurrences in Rabun County there are no reports of current commercial extraction of these materials. The northern counties of Georgia, in addition to Rabun County, are Murray, Fannin, Union, and Towns Counties, the geologic features of which may be characterized by the widespread occurrence of highly altered rock bodies. There are found talc mines and a mill in Murray County, for example, which are operated by the Southern Talc Company (P.0. Box F, Chatsworth, Georgia 30705). These are located in and around Chatsworth, Georgia (population approximately 2000), where the mineral products are ground for use in paint, crayons, rubber, roofing, insecticides, asphalt, lubricants, and dusting agents. Since in the northern counties, the talc deposits commonly contain other alteration minerals, (e.g., anthophyllite), it is likely that the mining operations of Murray County encounter considerable fibrous minerals in their production of talc. The crushed rock (quartz and quartzite) producer in Fs-:n?n County, Stone Products Corporation (P.O. Box 8, Blue Ridge, Georgia 30513), and the crushed granite (biotite gneiss) producer in 15196-728 A-56 Numbered counties are those of primary interest A-57 Union County, Colwell Construction Company (P.0. Box 6, Blairsville, Georgia 30512), might encounter fibrous minerals in their operations also. In fact, all of the operations listed in the previous tabulation, would possibly encounter fibrous minerals in their activities since the prevalence of altered metamorphic rocks in northern Georgia is widespread. The occurrence of asbestos, talc, and soapstone deposits as described in the USGS Mineral Resources Maps (MR-17 and MR-31) are given in Tables A-17, A-18, and A-19. Vi*. ` 15196730 A-58 TABLE A-17. COUNTIES OF NORTHERN GEORGIA OF PRIMARY INTEREST County Murray Fannin Union Towns Rabun Gilmer Pickens Dawson Lumpkin White Habersham Stephens Cherokee Forsyth Hall Banks Franklin Hart Haralson Paulding Cobb Fulton Gwinnett Barrow Jackson Carroll Douglas Heard Coweta Troup Meriwether Harris DeKalb Clayton Fayette Talc(a) Commoditv Crushed Marble, Quartz, Quartznite, Chert Crushed Granite 00 No Current Mining Activity0>c) Crushed Granite ("<*) Crushed Marble Flagstone, Crushed and Dimension Marble No Current Mining Activity No Current Mining Activity No Current Mining Activity(e) No Current Mining Activity(e) Crushed Granite Talc(0 Crushed Granite, Sand Crushed Granite, Crushed Marble Crushed Granite No Current Mining Activity Mica No Current Mining Activity No Current Mining Activity Crushed Granite Crushed and Dimension Granite, Sand, Clays Crushed Granite Gravel, Sand(e) Sand No Current Mining Activity Crushed Granite, Gravel, Sand, Clays No Current Mining Activity No Current Mining Activity No Current Mining Activity No Current Mining Activity^) No Current Mining Activity Crushed and Dimension Granite, Sand Crushed Granite Crushed Granite 'a) Four active mines. vb) These northernmost counties of Georgia are in the Forsterite Olivine deposits belt which is located chiefly in Western North Carolina. (c) Towns county has the Buck Creek Dunite deposite. Some of the dunite is altered to chlorite, serpentinized dunite, and talcy vermiculite. (d) Rabun County has Ellijoy, Burton Lake, and Laurel Creek Olivine and Dunite deposits. Alteration minerals are common. The Burton Lake deposit has been prospected for slip fiber asbestos. The Laurel Creek deposit contains up to 20 percent talc and anthophyllite and other alteration minerals are common. (e) Counties where asbestos mining has previously been accomplished. 15196731 A-59 TABLE A-18. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS IN GEORGIA Rabun County 1. Pine Mountain area (Laurel Creek, Hicks and Fig Pen Moun tain). Long-fiber anthopbylllte asbestos associated with peridotlte (dunite). Hunter, 1941. 2. Mill Creek area. Anthopbylllte asbestos In harzburgite. 3. Dillard area prospects. Amphi- . bole asbestos in serpentinlzed dunite. 4. Andrew Gennett property. Massfiber amphibole asbestos. 5. Burton mine. Chrysotlle asbes tos in peridotlte. Bowles, 1955. 34*57* 83*11* 34*59* 83*18* 34*59* 83*25* 34*53* 83*20* 34*51* 83*35* f\ Habersham County 6. Mack Mountain deposit! Anthophyllite asbestos associated with talcose and chloritic schist. Bowles, 1955. 7. Hollywood mine. Mass-fiber anthophyllite asbestos associated ' with peridotite and pyroxenlte. Bowles, 1955; Reifsnelder, 1925. 8. Sautee Creek (Berrong). Mass-' fiber amphibole asbestos asso ciated with massive serpentine rock. 34*45* 34*39* 34*42* 83*36* 83*27* 83*38* White County 9. Sail Mountain-Calhoun mines. Mass-fiber anthophyllite asbes tos in biotite-granlte gneiss. Bowles, 1955. Cleveland mine. Talcose asbes tos near contact of granite gneiss with schists and hornhlende gneiss. Bowles, 1955. 39*40* 83*41* 34*37' 83*45' Barrow County 11. Arnold mine. Cross- and mass- 33*58* fiber amphibole asbestos. Bowles 1955, 83*35* Coweta County 12. Moreland area. Cross-fiber am phibole asbestos associated with biotlte granite and hornblende gneiss. Bowles, 1955. 33*17' 84*46' Meriwether County 13. Luthersville (Camp property). Cross- and slip-fiber amphi bole asbestos in talcose rock associated with granite or granite gneiss. Bowles, 1955. 33*12* 84*45' Troup County 14. Bryan property near West Point. Cross-fiber amphibole asbestos veins in talcose reck probably derived from peridotlte. Bowies, 1955. 32*53* 84*55* (Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196732 \r.` A-60 TABLE A-19. THE OCCURENCE OF TALC AND SOAPSTONE . IN GEORGIA t. Swee^gun area, J. L Grey, and unnamed 34*58' 84*12' prospects. 2. Mineral Bluff area (John Harper, J.B. 34 * 34' Dickey, and W. T. S. and G. M. Dickey mines and prospect). 84*13* 3- Blue Ridgearea,J. W. Wishon property. 34*30' 84*21' Chatsworth district. Deposits consist of talc-carbonate and talc rock probably altered from dolomitic portions of the Cohutta Schist but possibly derived from ultramafic igneous rocks. Furcron and Teague, 1947; Hopkins, 1914. 4. Fort Mountain, Mill Creek, Earnest, and 34*47' 84*42' Lindsay mines. 3. Southern, Cohutta, and Latch mines; 34*46' 84*43' Helds, Hammock, and Russell prospects. 6. Old Cohutta, Judge's Pit, Georgia, and 34*44' 84*43' Bramlet mines; Bramlet prospect 7. Pickering, Rock Creek Road, and Chick- 34*43' 84*43' en Creek mines. 8. Dillards area. Soapstone probably asso- 34 * 57' ciatcd with ultramaftc igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 9. Mack and Wolfpit Mountains. Soap- 34*46' stone and talc rock probably associated with ultramafic igneous rocks. Hop 83*26' 83*37' kins, 1914. 10. Cleveland. Soapstone probably associ- 34 * 37' 83*43' ated with ultramaftc igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 11. Cornelia. Anthophyllite probably 34 * 33' derived from mafic igneous rocks, but parent rock unknown. Hopkins, 1914. 83*33' 12. Soapstone Ridge. Anthophyllite prob- 34*26' ably derived from mafic igneous rocks, parent rock unknown. 83*32' 13. Dahlonega area. Soapstone probably 34*33' associated with mafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 83*56' 'berton uea, near Bethlehem Church. oaDStonc probably associated with mafic oi ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 34*03' 82*42' Center. Soapstone probably associated 34*05' vith maf: - or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, i9i4. 83 * 24' Pr.llground. Talc rock associated with 34*20' 84*23' .urjv.y marble. Hopkins, 1914. i . Holly Springs. Soapstone probably 34*10' associated with mafic or ultramafic gneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 84*31' 18. Dallas area, Harris property. Soapstone probably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rock. Hopkins, 1914. 33 *59' 84*32' 19. Conley. Soapstone probably associated 33 *46' with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 84*20' 20. Phinizy area, near Appling. Soapstone probably associated with mafic or ultra mafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 19t4; LcGrand and Furcron, 1936. 33 *38' 82*14' 21. Villa Rica area. Soapstone probably 33 *44' associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 84*56' 22. Carrollton area. Soapstone probably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; May nard and others, 1923. 331*35' 85*04' 23. Centralhatchee Creek. Soapstone probably associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914 Maynard and others, 1923- 33*`24' 24. Sr. Marks. Soapstone probably asso- 33*'08' ciated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 83*08' 84*30' 23. West Point area. Soapstone probably 32''54' associated with mafic or ultramaftc rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 85*10' 26. Chiplcy area. Soapstone probably 32*'32' associated .with mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks. Hopkins, 1914; May 84*52' nard and others, 1923. 27. Mountain Creek area. Soapstone asso- 32 *48' ciated with mafic and ultramafic igne ous rocks. Hopkins, 1914. 28. Moore property. Soapstone probably 33 *41' associated with mafic or ultramafic igneous rocks Hopkins, 1914. 84*39' 64*21' 15196*733 A-61 Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972 USGS Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos In the United States A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962 USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962 USGS Map MR-31.' (60) Geologic Map of Georgia J. W. Smith and M. A. Green, 1968 Georgia Department of Mines, Mining, and Geology Atlanta., Georgia (62) Forsterite Olivine Deposits of North Carolina and Georgia Charles E. Hunter, 1941 Bulletin No. 41 North Carolina Division of Mineral Resourch Raleigh, North Carolina (63) Mining Directory of Georgia A. C. Martin and L. P. Stafford, 1972 Circular No. 2 Georgia Department of Natural Resources Atlanta, Georgia lsl96734 A-62 Hawaii The Hawaiian Islands are a southeast trending line of islands, about 1500 miles long. They are a part of the row of islands known as the Hawaiian Archipelago. Figure A-14 shows the location of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Each island is the summit of a great volcanic mountain rising from the ocean floor, which have been modified by stream and wave erosion. Each island consists of layers of molten rock that has issued at intervals from the interior of the earth and hardened. The minerals present in the Hawaiian Islands are given in Table A-20. As can be seen, these minerals are igneous in origin. Very minor amounts of metamorphism have occurred in the Hawaiian Island chain. There fore, the alterations of the sort that are considered metamorphic is very small. Metamorphism in the broad sense includes alterations brought about by volcanic gases. This type of metamorphism has been noted to occur in the calderas of the East Molokai volcano and Koolau volcano on Oahu. This original pyroxene and olivine has been extensively altered to serpentine and talc. A considerable amount of talc has been found in the muds of Koneohe Bay. These muds were derived from the erosion of Koolau caldera. A map showing the relative of location of these talc deposits is given in Figure A-15. The presence of talc in Koneohe Bay indicates the possible occurrence of fibrous amphiboles. The mining or quarrying activity is very small in the islands. The mining and quarrying activity is summarized in Table A-21. \ S' V. trim A-63 15196736 160 FIGURE A - 1 4 . MAP OF THE HAWAIIAN ARCHIPELAGO A-64 TABLE A-20. HAWAIIAN MINERALS Quartz Si02 Orthoclasc feldspar KAISijOs Anorthoclasc feldspar (K,Na)AlSi30g Plag..ocl,ase f-el.d,spar |(AAlnboitrethjte NaAISuOg Nepheline NaAlSiOa Calcite CaC03 Gypsum CaSOa'IUO Kaolinitc (clay) Al2Si20;(OH)4 Gibbsite AI2O3 *H20 Montmorillonite (Al,Mg)g(Si40 (0 >3 (OH) 10'12H2 O Biotitc (black mica) fU^LMg.l-'c^AlaSisC^a Olivine (Mg.FclSiOa Hypcrsthcnc (Mg,Fc)Si03 Pyroxene Pigeonite (Mg.Fe)Si03 Augite Ca(Mg,Fe)Si206*(Al,Fe)203 Magnetite Fe304 Hematite FC203 Ilmcnite FeO*Ti02 Melilite Chlorite Limonite Ca(Mg,Fe)2Si207 (MgtFe)s(Al,Fe)2Si30io(01l)8 Fe203*nH20 A-65 o V4 o V3Oi O Regional Geology: Oahu FIGURE A - 1 5 . TALC OCCURRENCE ON ISLAND OF OAHU 15196738 5 >*>> TABLE A-21. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN HAWAII Island Oahu Do. Do. Do. Maui. Do. Molokai Hawaii. Do. Do. Do. Oahu Maul Kauai Company and Address Hawaiian Cement Corp. 1600 Kapiolani Blvd. Suite 1200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp. Permanente Rd. Permanente, Calif. 95014 Pacific Clay Corp 547 Halekauwila St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 GasprO, Ltd. P.0. Box 2454 Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co Ltd. Puunene, Hawaii'96784 Fong Construction Co., Ltd 237 Dairy Rd. Kahului, Hawaii 96732 HC&D, Ltd P.0. Box 190 Honolulu, Hawaii 96810 James Kuwana P.0. Box 406 Pahoa, Hawaii 96778 Hilo Coast Processing Co Pepeekeo, Hawaii 96783 Laupahoehoe Sugar Co Papaaloa, Hawaii 96780 Volcanite, Ltd 8282 Fort St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Tanaka Hawaiian Salt 968 D Akepo Lane Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 Concrete Industries, Inc P.0. Box 86 Puunene, Hawaii 96784 Kekaha Sugar Co., Ltd Kekaha, Hawaii 96752 Commodity Cement Cement Clay Lime Lime Pumice and volcanic cinder Pumice and volcanic cinder Sand and gravel Pumice and volcanic cinder Pumice and volcanic cinder Pumice and volcanic cinder Pumice and volcanic cinder Salt Sand and gravel Sand and gravel 15196739 A-67 TABLE A-21 (continued) Maui Kauai Maul Hawaii Kauai Oahu Do. Do. Do. Do. Molokai Oahu Oahu Maui Concrete & Aggregates, Inc. 8 Central Ave. Wailuku, Hawaii 96793 Louis K. Rego Trucking Lihue, Hawaii 96766 Concrete Industries, Inc. P.0. Box 86 Puunene, Hawaii 96784 James W. Glover, Ltd. P.0. Box 275 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Grove Farm Co., Inc. Puhi Rural Station Puhi, Hawaii 96766 Sand and gravel Sand and gravel Stone Stone Stone Hawaiian Bitumuls & Paving Co. Ltd P.0. Box 2240 Honolulu, Hawaii 96804 Stone Hawaiian Cement Corp 1600 Kapiolani Blvd Suite 1200 Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 Stone HC&D, ltd P.0. Box 190 Honolulu, Hawaii 96810 Stone Kaiser Cement & Gypsum Corp. Permanente Rd. Permanente, Calif. 95014 Stone Lone Star Industries, Pacific Region 400 Alabama St. San Francisco, Calif. 94110 Stone Pacific Concrete & Rock Co., Ltd. 2344 Pahounui Dr. Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 Stone Vermiculite of Hawaii, Inc. 842-A Mapunapuna St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 Vermiculite (exfoliated) 15196740 A-68 Source Reference (64) > (65) Volcanoes in the Sea; The Geology of Hawaii, G. A. McDonald, and A. T. Abbott, University of Hawaii Press, 441 pages (including Geol. Sketch Maps), Honolulu, 1970. A Morphological and Mineralogical Study of the Gray Hvdromorphic Soils of the Hawaiian Islands. M. S. Hussain and L. D. Swindale, Pac. Sci., vol 24, No. 4, p 543-553, 1970. (66) Geol. Map Hau Desert Guad, QQ 827. (67) Interaction Between Geol. and Urbanization in the Hawaiian Islands, D. R. Runyan, et al.. Ass. Eng. Geol. Ann. Meet Program Abstr, p 22, 1970. (68) Crystal Structure of the Island of Hawaii from Seismic Refraction Measurement, D. P. Hill, Seismal. Soc. Amer. Bull., vol 59, No. 1, p 101-102, 1970. (69) The Mineral Industry of Hawaii, Avery H. Reed, 1972, U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook. 15196741 A-69 Idaho Geologically, the state of Idaho includes parts from three distinct physiographic provinces. These are the Northern Rocky Mountain province, the Columbia Intermontane province, and the Basin and Range province. The southeastern part of the state is within the Basin and Range province and with the exception of a few extrusive volcanic flows, is underlain largely with sedimentary rocks. Large basalt flows extend from the southwest corner of the state in Owyhee County to Fremont County in the eastern side of the state. The Northern Rocky Mountain province occupies the central portion of the state and contains a large granitic rock body, the Idaho batholith, which extends northward from Elmore County and reaches as far north as Clearwater County. From Clearwater County to the northern tip of the state there is an area of metamorphic rocks, including argillites, quartzites, gneisses, and schists. The western part of the state is a part of the Columbia Intermontane province and contains volcanic extrusive rocks as well as metamorphic sequence. From the above discussion and from the map in Figure A-13, it is seen that the majority of the state contains potentially favorable geologic settings for the occurrence of asbestiform mineral phases. Figure A-16 shows the location of known asbestos occurrences in Idaho. Table A-22 gives their -precise location and describes briefly the mode of occurrence. The minerology of several mining areas, including the larger mines in the Cocur d'Alene district, was investigated in the literature with no mention of asbestiform mineral phases found. Generally, the literature covered dealt mostly with ore minerals and stru :tural features, rather than with gangue components. Mining activity in the state of Idaho is presented in Table A-23 by county. 15196742 A-70 //'y Basalt flows \\^ Igneous and metamorphic rocks A Reported asbestosform mineral T Defunct Idaho-Montana Asbestos Co. mine (worked in 1920's) WASHINGTON; PAYETTEGOODING TETON 15196743 FRANKLIN A-71 TABLE A**22 . Value ot mineral production in Idaho, by county (Thousands) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 In order ot value _ Ada____ _______ Adams......-... Bannock...................... Bear Lake_______ .......___ Benewah............______ Bingham.................. Bl*ine. Boise............. Bonner................. Bonneville................. Boundary............. Butte.............................................. Camas....___ .....___ -____ Canyon................___ Caribou................... Cassia........... a........ Clark....................... Clearwater...................... Custer.................... Elmore............................ Franklin.................. Fremont.................. Gem...................... Gooding................... Idaho..................... Jefferson.................. Jerome....... .................... Kootenai.................. Lelah..................... Lemhi......___ ........... Lincoln................... Madison.......................... Minidoka.................. Nex Perce................. Oneida............... .. Owyhee-------- -------------------- ... Payette............. .......................... Power.............................. Shuahone................... Teton_____ _________ Twin Falla........................ Washington....______ ___ ... Undistributed*........................... W W W W W W 8380 W W 756 28 W 1 710 17,798 W 11 W W W W 64 4 -W W .. W, 1,164 86 W W W W 116 1 W W 70,185 281 887 W 27,277 W Sand and gravel, days. W Sand and gravel, pumice. $4,899 Cement, sand ana gravel, stooe, peat. 824 Sand and gravL W Carnet, sand and gravel. W Phosphate rock, sand and graveL 10 Lead, silver, line, copper. 77 Sand and gravel. W Sand and gravel, stone. 1,281 Lime, sand and gravel, atone, pumtee. 90 Sand and gravel, lead, silver, sine. W Sand and graveL 1,655 Sand and gravel, Kraa, stone, pumtee. 14,204 Phosphate rock, vanadium, atone, sand and gravel. 147 Sand and gravel, days. 58 Stone, sand and gravel, clays. W Stone, sand and graveL 1,844 Copper, lead, silver, sine, tungsten,gold. W Sand and gravel, clay*. 566 Sand and graveL W Do. W Do. W Do. W Stone, aand end gravel. .. S3 Send end graveL W Sand and gravel, stone. W Clays, stone, sand and graveL .M 175 Fluorspar, aand and gravel, copper, gold, lead, ellver, sine. W Sand and graveL W Sand and graveL stone. W Lime, aand and graveL elaya. W Sand end graveL stone. 232 Stone, perlite, pumtee. W Stone, aand and graveL 12 Sand and gravel. 66.073 Silver, lead. Line, copper, antimony, gold. 292 Sand and graveL W Sand and gravel, lime. W Mercury, iron ore. aand and gravel. 21.812 Total.................P............. 119,748 *112,280 TABLE A-23. MINING ACTIVITY IN IDAHO, BY COUNTY Clearwater County Slip-fiber anthophyllite asbestos in altered harzburgite. 1. Teakean. 46*33' 116*20' 2. Orofino Creek. 46*29' 116*02' Idaho County 3.. Kamlah mine, frittle mass-fiber . anthophyllite asbestos in altered dunlte.* Anderson, 1931. 4. Blacktall. Woodlike slip-fiber anthophylllte In narrow seams. 46*13' 115*50' 45*54' 115*57' 15196744 * r .V * "-t ;.*'V.' . .' ^ v ' . '" * 7. v.* . 'V r. t. A-72 Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (70) Geological Map of the State of Idaho, C. P. Ross and J. D. Forrester, U.S. Department of Interior Geological Survey, 1947. (71) The Minerals of Idaho, F. C. Mitko, U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1971. (72) Mineral and Water Resources of Idaho, Committee Print, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964. (73) Mining Industry of Idaho, 68th Annual Report for 1969-1970. 151^ 45 A-73 Illinois There are two areas In Illinois that merit attention with regard to mineralization and alteration of rock minerals. These areas are at opposite ends of the state: Jo Daviess County in northern Illinois and the southern counties of Saline, Gallatin, Pope, and Hardin, as shown on Figure A-17. Lead, zinc, and a little silver are mined in the western part of Jo Daviess County near Galena. Fluorspar is mined in Hardin County where some zinc also is recovered as a byproduct. There have been no reports of fibrous amphibole minerals in association with these value minerals from either location. The dike swarms of the southern Illinois counties are believed to be of the same age and of the same intrusive system as those found across the Ohio River in western Kentucky (Livingston, Crittenden, and Caldwell Counties, Kentucky). Hie dikes of western Kentucky and of sourthem Illinois are mica perlodotites and lamprophyres. Hie mineralization in association with the dikes has occurred at a later time and is believed to be of hydrothermal origin. As mentioned previously, no fibrous amphiboles have been described from this area. Currently, there is extensive fluorspar production only from Hardin County from several mines operated by the Minerva Oil Company (Eldorado, Illinois 62930) and Ozark-Mahoning Company (P.0. Box 57, Rosiclare, Illinois 62982). Both companies recover lead and zinc from the same mines. Lead and zinc recovery by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc (P.0. Box 1040, Galena, Illinois 61036) is from three mines in the Ordovician rock of Jo Daviess County, northern Illinois. The formations there are the Galena and Platteville dolomites and limestones which were probably mineralized at the same time as the Wisconsin Arch was uplifted. There are no reports of fibrous amphiboles in association with the mineralization. The county-by-county mineral production in Illinois is described in Table A-24* 15196746 4------3--7--Miles > A-74 15196747 n t .ad.itac .ap_ACBPCTo<:,.(V'riTPRrMC,K^XN^T.IJ.TNOIi). A-75 TABLE A'^4. -Value of mineral production in fllinou, by county 1 ______________________.______ (Thousand*) County Adams..... .................................. Alexander................. Bond..................... Boone..................... Brown.............. Bureau.................... Calhoun................... Carroll.................... Champaign................ Christian.................. Clark*......................................... Clay............................................. Clinton.. ................. Coles..................... Cook............................................ Crawford Cumberland *............................. De Kalb...................................... De Witt...................................... Douglas................... Do Plf.____ ... Edgar..................... Edwards.................. Effingham................. F.yitta_____ _______________ _ Ford............................................. Franklin.................. Fulton.................... Gallatin................... Greene........... Grundy................... Hamilton.................. Hancock___ _____ .......... Hardin.................... Henderson................. Henry.................... Iroquois................... Jackson................... Jasper.................... Jeflenon.. ....... ......... Jersey............... Jo Dtviara. Johnson................... Kane___ 1........................ Kankakee................. Kendall....................................... Knox..................... Lake............................................. La Salle....................................... Lswrence............ Lee................................................ Livingston....___.......... Logan........ .. M c Donough............... McHenry_______ ____________ McLean................... M scon............... Macoupin. ................ Madison................................. hisriun.................... Marshall........................ .. Mason............................ ...___ Massac.......... ................... Menard................... XI erect.................... Monroe________ ....... Montgomery............... Morgan................... Moultrie.............. .. Ogle............. *............................. Peoria................ ......................... Perry.............. .................--.. Pike.............................................. Pope........................... ... Pulaski__ ___....... Putnam..................... .. Randolph......______ _____ Kiehland.......______ Rock Island.............. ..--... St. Clair............ .................... Saline..................................... Sangamon............................... Schuyler..................................... Scott.............. ......................... Shelby........... .. Stark............................................ Stephenson........................ .. Tazewell................ ............ .. Union..................... .. Vermilion___ .............. Wabash....................................... Warren................ ................ -- Washington........ .. Wayne......................................... White........................................... Whiteside................. Will.............................................. Williamson. .........._____ Winnebago.................. .. Woodford.................... .. Undistributed *.......................... 1S70 W 9240 W W W 825 W W 748 W $.064 W 2,691 W 89,575 W 205 W 1,001 W w 808 W W 16,239 834 44,549 28,206 W W w . 5,820 687 14,952 458 W W 1,255 3,434 W 199 2,877 W $7,557 9.832 W W W w 17,273 W W W W 6.691 1.256 593 W W w w w w w 415 w W 2 W W 15.977 30.517 W 09 W w w 5.570 W w 21.600 \v w 245 473 W 770 W W w W W w 15,778 W 1.260 10,143 23.101 2,031 W 350,355 1971 Mineral** produced in 1971 In order of value $3,907 248 W W 63 618 W 407 780 W w w 2,765 W 45.632 7,072 W w W 22.671 4,008 357 2,040 1,252 16,829 W 45,081 24,858 14,280 W $.568 4,857 $62 14,635 507 W w 1,211 2,882 46.656 211 2,786 Stone, lime, aand and travel, petroleum Tripoli, sand and travel. Sand and gravel, petroleum, day. Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel, petroleum, day, atone. Sand and graveL Stone. Stone, tend end graveL Sand and gravel, petroleum. Coal, petroleum, stone. Stone, petroleum, sand and graveL Petroleum, stone. Petroleum, stone, sand and graveL Do. Stone, lime, sand end graveL day, peat. Petroleum, sand and graveL stone. Stone, petroleum. Stone, sand and graveL Petroleum, aand and graveL Natural gas Squids, coat, petroleum, stone. Sand and graveL stone, natural gas liquids, day. Petroleum. Do. Petroleum, send end graveL Petroleum, atone, aand and graveL day; Sand and graveL . Coal, petroleum CoaL aand and graveL CoaL petroleum, sand and graveL natural gas. Stone. Sand and graveL day, atone. Petroleum, send end graveL 8tonn Fluorspar, done, dne, lead, allver. Stone. Stone, send and gravsL Sand and graveL Stone, coal, aand and gravaL Petroleum, sand and graveL CoaL pstprOeum, Stone. Zinc, stone, lead, sand and graveL silver. W $8,403 8.424 W W w \v 16.239 W 4.565 W w w w 577 w W W W W W W 450 W W W W w 15,500 34.037 w w w w w 4,650 W 31.722 19,095 1,467 W lilH 528 3.351 W W W W W W W 14.397 19,465 1.3G0 11.496 26,611 2,253 W 205.073 Stone, cuaL sand and graveL Sand and graveL stnne, pent. Cod, atone, day, sand and gravel. Stone, sand and graveL CoaL stone, dar. Sand and gravel, stone, peat. Stone, sand and grave), cement, day. Petroleum, sand and gravel. Cement, stone, sand and gravel. Stone, day, aand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. Slone, petroleum, clay, sand and graveL Sand end gravel, stone. Sami and graveL Sand and graveL petroleum. Coal, stone, petroleum. Stone, sand and gravel, petroleum. Petroleum, stone. Sand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. Cement, stone, sand and gravel. Stone. Coal, abme, sand and gravel. Stone. Coal, stone, petroleum. Sand and gravel. Slone, sand and gravel, petroleum. Sand and graveL stone. Coal, sand and gravel, stnne. Coal, petroleum. Stone, sand and graveL Coal, aand and gravel. ('lay, stnne, sand and gravel. Sand abd graveL Coal, stone, petroleum, sand and graveL Petroleum. Stone, sand and gravel. Coal, stone, petroleum. Coal, petroleum, natural gas. Sand ami gravel, petroleum, stone, clay. Sand and gravel, stone. Stone, Hay, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone, petroleum. Cual, sand and gravel. Stone, sand ami gravel. Sand and gravel, clay. Stone, sand and graveL Stone, coal, aand and gravel, day. Petroleum, aand and gravel. Stone. Petroleum, stone. Petroleum. Petroleum, sand and grave). Peat, sume, aand and gravel. Slone, sand and graveL C<al. petroleum, natural gas. Slone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL 15196748 Total*............................. 688,697 700,819 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed.'* i Cass and Piatt Countim are not included iiersu-v no production was reported. * Value of petroleum production in Cumberland County is included with Clark County because actual source of production cannot be identified. * Include* some sand and gravel and gem stones that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and values sr i- i 7? A-76 Source References (74) Geologic Map of Illinois H. B. Willman, et al, 1967 Illinois State Geological Survey Urbana, Illinois 61801. (75) Mineral Production in Illinois in 1971 W. L. Busch, 1973 Circular 477 Illinois State Geological Survey Urbana, Illinois 61801. (76) The Mineral Industry of Illinois G. N. Broderick, 1971 U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook. 15196749 A-77 Indiana The mineral production In Indiana consists chiefly of the fossil fuels, stone, sand and gravel as described in Table A-25. There are no activities In rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur, Source Reference (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shrlde, 1962, USGS Map MR-17 (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (77) The Minerals of Indiana, B. C. Brawn, U.S. Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1971. i. * * i , > 'n * .j 15196750 & w A-78 Table A-25 , County Value of mineral production in Indiana, by county t (Thousands) 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 In order of value Adams...... AUsn................ Bartholomew. Benton..... Blackford... Boons...... Brown...... Carroll...... Csss................. Clark............... Clay................. Clinton..... Crawford.... Daviess..... Dearborn... Decatur..... Da Kalb.... Delaware.... Dubois...... Elkhart............... Fayette............ Fountain...... Franklin...... Fulton........ Giboon................. Grant......... Greene_________ Hamilton..... Haoeock...... Harrison...... Headricks..... Henry*....... Howard....... Huntington... Jackson....... Jasper........ Jay........................ Jefferson...... JtnninfB ...... Johnson....... Knox......... Kosciusko..... teV;::::: U Porte...... Lawrence____ _ Madison...... Marion....... Marshall...... Martin....... Miami........ Monroe. ...... Montgomery.. Morgan....... Newton....... Noble................... Orange-------------Owen__________ Parke................... Perry................... Pike...................... Porter........ Poeey___ ...... Pulaski................ Putnam____ ... Randolph..... Ripley................. Rush___________ St. Joseph..... Seott.................... Shelby........ Spencer....... Starks........ Steuben....... Sullivan....... Switzerland____ Tippecanoe------Union........ Vermillion. .... Vigo...................... Wabash............... Warren....... Warrick.............. Washington... Wayne........ Wells.................... White.................. Whitley....... Undistributed1. $629 3,259 731 W W w ww ww11 w w w 254 1.35w5 w w 3504 ww www 3.95w7 w w w w w 3w85 W W W w 643 696 WW W 13.834 W 3.24w0 w 663 6.16w9 w w 242 w 851 623 W W W ww w w w 236 W wW w w 190 22,68w7 W 21 4,944 W 84w0 w w w w w 78 189.328 5726 3.871 840 wW w w w w w w w w 65 368 W 368 1,467 w Stone, clays, sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, peat. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, days. Sand and gravel. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Cement, atone, sand and gravel, days.' Cement, stone, days, sand and gravel. Coal, clays. Sand and gravel. Stone. Sand and graveL Do. Stona. Sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, psat. Clsya, sand and gravel. ww 58w29 W W w w 6.215 W W W w wW 4W99 w 5 wW 548 wW w w 16,833 W wW w 721 W W w w 331 W 857 846 W W W W W W Ww w 92w7 w ww w 22,345 W W 8 6.206 1.821 ww w ww ww or 216,876 Sand and gravel, stone. Ssnd and gravel. Sand and gravel, coal, days. Stone, Band and gravel, days. Sand and gravel, peat. Coal, sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, psat. Coal, ssnd and gravst, days. Sand and gravd, stona. Sami and gravd. Sand and gravd, stona. Sand and gravd. Do. Stone, aand and gravd. Stone, sand and gravd, days. Sand and gravd, days. Stone, aand and graveL Do. Sand and graveL Stone, aand and gravd. Sand and graveL Do. Sand and gravd, stona. Do. Cement, lima, sand and graveL days. Sand and gravd, atone. Cement, atone, days. Stone, sand and gravd. Sand and graveL atone. Sand and gravd, atone, psaL Gypsum, days. Ssnd and gravd, stona. Stone. Sand and gravd, daya. Clays, sand and gravd, stona. Stona. Sand and gravd, stona. Stone, abrasives. Stone, sand and gravd. Sand and gravel, days, ooaL Stone, sand and gravd. Coal, stone. Clays. Ssnd and graveL Stone, days. Cement, stone, ssnd and gravd. Stone, sand and gravd. Stone. Stone, sand and gravd. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone. Stone, sand and gravd. Coal. Sand and gravd. Ssnd snd grsvel, stone. Cost, ssnd and gravd, atone. Sand and graveL Do. Do. Coal, aand and gravd, daya. Sand aod gravel, coal, stone Stone, sand and gravd. Sand and gravd, peat. Cod, stone Stone Sand and gravd, atone Stone send aod gravd, pest. Stone Sand and graveL Total*. 256,786 281.666 W Withheld to svold disclosing individual company confidential data, included with "Undistributed." * Data for petroleum and natural gas are not available on a county basis; however, value lor these commodities re included with "Undistributed.". Benton, Brown, Floyd, Ohio, Tipton and Vanderburgh Counties are not listed beesuse no production wss reported. * Includes value for petroleum, natural gas and mineral production that Is not assigned to spodfic counties plus values Indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown bscsuss of independent rounding. Iowa There are two small outcrops of Precambian Igneous and metamorphic rocks in Iowa in the northwestern part of the state a6 shown on Figure A-18. Neither of these formations are mentioned as being worked in the summary of the stone, sand, and gravel recovery operations reported for Lyon and Pocahontas Counties.* In the eastern part of the state, there are several stone quarries in the GalenaDecorah-Platteville (Ordovician limestone-dolamite) Formations (notably Dubnque County) which have been mineralized (mining for lead-zinc in adjacent Wisconsin and Illinois). However, except for the stone production, there is no mineral recovery operations from these formations in Iowa. A summary of the mineral production from Iowa is given in Table A-26. Source References (78) Geologic Map of Iowa H. G. Hershey, et al, 1969 Iowa Geological Survey Iowa City, Iowa 52240. (79) Report of the State Mine Inspector W. D. Aubrey, 1970-1971 State of Iowa Mines and Minerals Department Des Moines, Iowa 50319. (80) The Mineral Industry of Iowa B. C. Brown, 1971 U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook. 15196752 A-80 Outcrop of Precambrian granite gneiss and gneissoid granite FIGURE A-18. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN IOWA 15196*^3 A-81 TABLE A-26. Value of mineral production in Iowa, by county i (Thousands) County Adair....___......___ ......... Adams.... ....... ................... Allamakee.. ........................ Appanoose.......................... Audubon........___ ................. Denton_______ _________ _________________ Black Hawk.........................................------- Boone............................... Bremer............................. Buchanan........................... Buena Vista......................... Butler.........._________ Calhoun.. ........ ............... Carroll....._________ .......... Casa______ ............. Cedar___ ........................... Cerro Gordo......................... Cherokee............................ Chirkasaw............___ ............ Clarke................................................................... Clay....................................................................... Clayton____ ......................... Clinton............................. Crawford... ........................ Dallas................................................................... Deeatur............................. Delaware.. ......................... Dee Moines......................... Dickinson. .......................... Dubuque............................ Emmet............................. Fayette______________ _______________ ____ Floyd..... ...__________ ___ ....... Franklin..___ ......._____.........___ Fremont............................ Greene.............................. Grundy..___ ................... Guthrie..._______________ ......__..... Hamilton............__............. Hancock...... ................... ............................. Hardin............................. Harrison___ _____ __________________ Henry____ ..............__ .....______ Howard............................. Humboldt.. .................. ...... Ida......................................................................... Iowa............................... Jackson............................. Jasper...._______________________ _ Jefferson .... Johnson...........___ ............... Jones............................... Keokuk............................. Koeeuth.... ........................ Lee............................. Linn. Louisa....................... ....... Lucas____ ...........___ ............. Lyon_______ ___________________ ____ _ Madison. ........................... Mahaska........................................... ........ Marion.. .................. ......... Marshall............................ Mills. _ ............................. Mitchell....................... Monona____ *...___.....__... Monroe.......... ............. ..................................... .. Montgomery........................ Muscatioe.. ............ ............. O'Brien....................... ..................................... Osceola............................. Page............................... Palo Alto........................ Plymouth.......... ................................................. Pocahontas. .........._____ _____ Polk...................................................................... Pottawattamie................. Poweshiek___ ................... Sac......................... ....... Scott...................................... ........................... Shelby.....................__....___ Sioux............................... Story.................................................................... Tama___________ _________________________ Taylor.................................................................. Union............................... Van Buren.............................................. .. Wapello................................................................ Warren.___ ________ _______________ Washington_______________ _______ Wayne.................................. .............................. Webster_______ ________________ _________ Winnebago___________________ ____________ Winneshiek_________ Woodbury..........i............................................... Worth................... ................... .......... ....... Wright................................................................. Undistributed1___ ...____..._______.... 1970 w W w w $2w00 W w 279 w 102 W w 10w1 w 21.334 497 W W 282 951 W W 562 W W 1,722 354 HS9 208 988 844 W W 326 W 17w2 w w 915 W 180 Ww w w w w 1,550 662 W 296 375 3,263 W 686 316 W 1.782 W w w w 187 1,094 W w 101 381 W 260 57w1 16,068 W W 691 14,667 W $885 1.107 Ww w 80w8 w w w 4.670 ww $70 765 271 31,661 1971 Minerals produced In 1971 in order of value W wwWw $165 W W 314 W 3w3 64 223 W W 28.734 W W W W 657 W W 846 W 206 2.424 276 W 147 915 501 228 W W w 113 wW w 714 139 W 1.367 W W W W 166 W ww 129 643 W W 932 156 W 2.416 1,643 W W 659 413 W Ww w 241 W 431 499 W 17,001 W w 435 14,919 Stone. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone, clays. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel# stone. Stone, send and gravel. Sand and gravel, days. Stone, sand and gravel. Do. Sand and gravel. Stone, aand end pent Sand and gravel. Do. Stone. Do. Cement, stone. mnd mad travel, dtyt, lime. Sand and gravel. Stone, und sad travel. Stone. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atom Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, claya. .toon Stone. Stone, send and gravel. Stone, gypaum, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, days. Sand and gravel, clays, atone. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Stone, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, sand and graveL Do. Sand and graveL tone. Stone, sand and graveL Do. Sand and graveL Do. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, sand and gravel. Do. Do. Stone, clays. Sand and gravel. Stone, sand end graveL Do. Stone. Coal. Sand and graveL Stone, clays. Coal, stone, sand and gravel, days. Coal, atone, sand and graveL Stone, tend and graveL Do. Do. Sand and graveL Cool. Stone, eand and graveL Do. Sand and graveL Do. Stone, eand and graveL Sand and gravel. Do. Stone, sand and graveL Cement, aand and gravel, ctaya. Stone, sand and graveL Stone. Sand and graveL Cement, atone, lime, days, eand and graveL W 3762 1,125 W W W 831 477 W W Sand and graveL Do. Sand and gravel, atone, clays. Sand and gravel. Stone. Do. Stone, eoal, tend and gravel. Saod and gravel, coat, atone, clays. Sand and gravel, clays. Stone. 4,909 W W w 82w4 40,347 Gypeum, stone, eand and graveL clays. Peat, aand and gravel. Stone, aand and gravel. Sand and gravel, days. Stone, aand and gravel, peat. Sand and rravl. 15196754 120,822 127,821 W Withheld to avoid dodoaing individual eomnany confidential data: included with ' 'Undistributed.* Gnent'"`; n'-t ) . r.j*> * nr.o: : - . * .. i , * - *. : ' ' . Va"T ' ` *" . ....................... r..,. * <; i r :> ` - ' '*. , V' : f ... *.7. ; . ,- , * . I|. \ \>. V ft / ! A-82 Kansas Kansas is a state where very little igneous activity is apparent in the surface rocks. There are small outcrops of basic intrusive rock in Riley County and peridotite and granite intrusives in Woodson County. In central and western Kansas there are volcanic ash sedimentary deposits. Except for very localized contact metamorphisin around the intrusives, there are no metamorphic rocks of any significance in Kansas. The lead-zinc mineralization in southeasternmost Kansas (Cherokee County) is currently not being exploited. The chat from these operations does not contain fibrous amphibole minerals. Stone, sand, and gravel, are taken from Riley and Woodson Counties. The three counties of interest to this study are located in Figure A-19. Kansas mineral production activities are summarized in Table A-27. Source References (81) Geologic Map of Kansas J. M. Jewett, et al, 1964 State Geological Survey of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66044. (82) Inventory of Industrial, Metallic, and Solid-Fuel Minerals in Kansas R. G. Hardy, 1970 Bulletin 199, Part 5 Kansas Geological Survey Lawrence, Kansas 66044. 63) Kansas Mineral Industry Report, 1971 L L. Brady, et al, 1972 Special Distribution Publication 61 State Geological Survey of Kansas Un.-versity of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 66044. ;BO The Mineral Industry of Kansas B. Michalski, 1971 U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook. l5l967SS A-83 co < czo 2 z 8 Cd CO i zo foa bl CJ uuo I < w goMfa 15196756 A - ii/i f 5 l ? vf j t 1 t y IliffK 1 i Ifirj it/r; \i rJ I T::. l ?'" r c. 5 i \ ' i^ l*f Si.tfk* ($1$ : {ft a > i Ul * if f.l; .i:<; >mt.--fu . i'**--,*c*-r ^*, * *5-i. .*-t* t 1 : Vi U t* ; :T" It If . ? 5w r-' i r - > : V 1 *:.. ha m V- > *; ft -L T1 a i i ft'V K ifi sL ?E -E* rj. r - aW * V"* itiiy. Msltl '* .t}'vE.' * V : [ iii io iv; ill i n L, xui&mmhiztiijmi fc Cryt'/O t y. Ir.C'.E** V u, c - t- vr-rsiuttm' !' > > k ?*?*** *?**z* ;r ^ H* V - t-f r * " L.r* Ice r;" H r-'fl ?***- i - TJ ;.n? s * grfc>i&s?;Kr.Bs s* 55 ** iSHM'.Vf-' M f; IiiiEnh 'Guo A5l;i : :V mill*?? urjanciu'wuw ;: i\ Uu- i, : E : )y iti toOoO " Or V 'Or orroiioU lotliH > Si*.lit i; j`i.iJ ll A-85 Kentucky There are two areas of igneous intrusive rocks in Kentucky, one in the eastern part of the state arid one in the western part as depicted in Figure A-20. The detail maps of these areas (Figures A-21 and A-22) reveal a single occurrence in Elliott County of eastern Kentucky and a dike swarm in the western counties of Caldwell, Crittenden, and Livingston (Lyon County possibly has some also). In a study of these igneous intrusions and their surrounding geology, Koenig writes: "Many similarities exist between the peridotites of eastern and western Kentucky. Petrographically, they are holocrystalline, porphyritic rocks, with fine-grained matrices. Serpentinized olivine is the principal mineral constituent; both contain abundant calcite or dolomite. However, the western Kentucky dikes contain a much higher percentage of phlogopite and are thus called mica peridotites. Both contain accessory pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, perovskite, and chromite. The Elliott County intrusion contains abundant pyrope garnet, which is almost unknown in the western Kentucky dikes. "The Kentucky-Illinois peridotites are genetically related to the lamprophyres, both having probably formed during the Appalachian Revolution at the end of the Paleozoic Era. The Elliott County intrusion is probably of the same age ----- . "Extensive fluorite, sphalerite, and galena deposits exist in western Kentucky and southern Illinois. They post-date the igneous dikes, with which they are occasionally found, and are believed to be of hydrothermal origin. Evidence points to a genetic relationship between the igneous bodies and the ore deposits." Although the country rock has been considerably altered locally by the intrusives and subsequent hydrothermal activity, there are no fibrous amphiboles reported from either the eastern or western sites. The only mining in Elliott County is for coal which is not done in the vicinity of the intrusive rocks. Fluorspar is mined from Crittenden County and zinc is taken from Livingston County. These mineral recovery operations and quarrying operations for stone, sand, and gravel, are the only activities in the counties of western Kentucky where the igneous rocks are located. 1 rir * 00 IT) <KrnDm o. A-86 V. :>:v FIGURE A-20. AREAS OF KENTUCKY WHERE IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FOUND 15196759 m' -V ' -v, ;s \ A:# ., A-87 Frankfort) q . - * * v^ta ,*ji* -.< ;yV.h>-fvVcZ:':\' -* ; w;.V::?v' *: ^ . . .' V.'S- : 4 V>.`J : FIGURE A-21. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCK IN EASTERN KENTUCKY 15196760 rryrryT A-88 The occurrence of fibrous amphiboles has not been described from any of these sites. The mineral production of Kentucky is summarized in Table A-28. Source References (85) Geologic Map of Kentucky, Series IX, A. C. McFarlan and D. J. Jones, 1954 Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington, Kentucky. (86) The Petrography of Certain Igneous Dikes of Kentucky, J. B. Koenig, 1956 Bulletin No. 21, Series IX, Kentucky Geological Survey, Lexington, Kentucky. (87) The Mineral Industry of Kentucky, H. L. Riley and P. McGrain, 1971 U. S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. l5l96761 A-89 TABLE A-28 Value ol mineral production in Kentucky, by county t (Thousands) County Adi ................. Allen............................... Andaroon.................... Ballard............................ Barron............................ Ball)................................ DdL............................................ Bum........... Bourbon.............. Boyd................ ............ Boyle............................... Breathitt........................ Breckinridge............... BttUitt................ Butler.............................. Caldwell.......................... Calkorray............. . Cnrlblt... ............ Carrot!................. . Carter......................... Ca--y................. Christian................... Clay................................ Clinton. . ............. Crittenden............ Cumberland........... Dsvim.................. .. Edmonson......... . CUiott............................. EstUt.i............................ rayotta........................... Florainf............... Floyd............................... Franklin.......................... Fulton................ Gallatin............... Garrard............... Gravsa.......... ........... . Grayaoo................. Groen............ ........... . Grecoup........................ . Hardin................ Harlan.... ............ Harrison. ....................... Hart................................ Hendcraon...................... Henry.................... Hickman.............. Hopkina............. Jackson..__ .......... Jtlltnua__________...... Jessamine....____ .... Johnson..______ Koott........__ ...... Knot................. Laurel....... ..................... Lawrence........................ Lee.................................. Leslie.............................. Letcher.................... Livingston....................... Lotan................. Lynn................. McCracken............ McCreary i............. Mcloan........ .......... .. Mi'livia... .............. . Magoffin......................... M arion................ Mirthalt. ....................... Martin..................... Mason...................... Meade........................... . Menafc*............... Mercer......................... Metralfe........................ Monroe ..................... M<iM(fflry......... Morgan......................... . M uhli-nberg.................. . Net-win__ _____...____ Nicholas........................ . Ohio................................ Oldham............... Owsley............................ Pendleton.................. Perry............................. . Pike................................ Powell........................... . PuUski........................... Kockrastle...................... Howan......................... . Ilussell............. .............. Scotl.......................................... Shelby............................. Simpson....................... Taylor............................. Todd............................... Trire............................... Trimble...................... Union............................ Warren........................... Washington.................... Wayne............................. Wrlmlrr........... ... Whitley...................... Wiilfe.............................. Undistributed ............... Total.................. . 1970 W W w 910 326 IS 16.365221 W W w 16,670 W W W W 61 wIS w w w 3,47m Ww w w 1w10 w w w w 795 wW w ww w .w i.sswo 71,79ww5 w w w 64,35w5 w w 12.239 22,697 4.V7N W 2.461 W 17.666 W 6.467 Ws w w 2.206 W W w IS *,231 W w w w w w I0S w 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value * W W W O W W 623,102 W Petroleum, atone. Stones, petroleum. Stone. Sand end grovel. Stone, petroleum. {Jo. Coal, petroleum. Sand and gravel, atone. 1,155 W 25.249 SO* W 1.61S W 202 2 CoaL elaya, petroleum. Stone. Ceil, petroleum. Sterne, (tciroktum, aand and groveL Stone, days. Coal, stona, petroleum. Stone. Sami and groveL Do. 2.306 Coal, atone, elaya. 962 Storm, petroleum. 2,962 Stone, cuaL petroleum, dayn. 6,035 Coal, petroleum. W Coal, atone, petroleum. W Fluorspar, atone. - W Petroleum, atone. 10,111 Coal, petroleum, nand and gTaveL W Coat, stone, petroleum. W Petroleum, coaL W . Petroleum, atone. W Stone. W Do. 27,961 Coal, petroleum, aand end groveL W Stone. 13? Sand and graveL W Do. 165 Stone. W Clays, aand end groveL W Stone. W Stone, petroleum. 35* C-laya, atone, petroleum, tend end groveL 062 Coal, clays, petroleum. 1,244 Stone, 61,60s CoaL tone. W Stone. W Stone, sand and graveL petroleum. 6,099 Petroleum, send and graveL eoeL W Stone. (*) Sand and gravel. 70,323 OiaL petroleum, aand and groveL W CoaL atone. W Cement, sand and gravel, atone, elaya. W Stone, clays. 15.249 CoaL petroleum. 25.4*? Do. 6.659 Do. 3.303 CoaL atone, petroleum. 2.5N0 Coal, petroleum. 6,112 Petroleum, atone, coal. 12,77b Coal, petroleum. W CuaL atone, petroleum. 10,460 Stone, sme, sand ami gravel. W Slone, petroleum. W 5.343 W W 5,341 1,32*:9* W w W w 3oh 172 4.9utl Sand and gravel. Coal, petroleum. Do. Stone. CaL petroleum. Slone, petroleum. Stone, ian<l and gravel. Coal, sand and gravel, petroleum. Sami and graveL Stone. Do. Do. Petroleum, stone. Stone, petroleum. Stone. Coal, stone, days, petroleum. 9101.445 Ww w 639 2 W 54,66n W W wW w w1 w w w w w w 991 W w 6.157 W 259 426,076 9103.219 W w 26.3V5 1.217 W W 4*.92J Ww 4.1M W W () w 34 W W W W W 21 tdO I.J99 VV W * >| IM 325.JU Coal, petroleum, spine. Stone. Do. t'oaL atone, petroleum. Stone. Coal, petroleum. Lame, stone. Coal, petroleum. Coal, stone, jHitroleum. Slone, |*triieum. days. CmI, tliiflr, jieiroleum. Spme. cual. Slone, days. Pet rtdtrum. Stune, Do. Stune, petroleum. Do. Do. Stone. Sand and grave). Coal, iv't.iii-um, aan>l and gravel. Slone. |>etrulcum. Some. Stone, coal, petroleum. Coal, trtrok-om. Coal. days. |>etruteum. Stune. petroleum, coaL 647.465 925.it.t5 W Withheld to avoid i|il--.mf individual company r.:nn.lmiul data: tsrlo.led with "Undistributed.** t Th-I-.11 ........ .If .1-0 .Hi no ...... ... .. r |ifj. km, t'ainphvIL Clark, Grant, Kentoo, lame, !.>* i<, i.:n-oln, l)m, H.dicriHon, Sjw-oc**, sii-l VVool|.*d. * KttlulM natural gas and natural ga liquids; included witn "Undistributed." * lew than S unit. * Includm natural (. natural eas IbiuLU, and valti#"i m-hcated by symbol W. * Data may nut add to total ho*n iwrain of mdi'penoent rounding. 15196762 Louisiana A-90 The mineral production in Louisiana consists of petroleum, neutral gas, and other fossil fuels, and minor amounts of clays, sand, gravel, and other nonmetallic commodities. There are no activities in rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur. The county by county mineral production in Louisiana is given in Table A-29. Source Reference (88) The Mineral Industry of Louisiana, D. A. Carleton and L. H. Hough, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. 15196763 A-91 TABLE A-29. Value of mineral production In Louisiana, by parish (Thamnda) Pariah 1970 1971 Minerals produced In 1971 in order of ealua Acadia. Allen.. Aumnthw AvoyeUaa----- Beauiecard. Bienville... Bonier..... Caddo..... Caldwell.................... Cameron.. ......... Catahoula_________ Claiborne------...... Concordia.......... Da Soto______ ______ Eaat Baton Rouge.:.. East Carroll_______ Eaat Feliciana...... Evangeline....--.-- Franklin__________ GTWra^niat________________ JielUflB.......................... Jelleraon .........-. jiflmoB Ditke.... Ufiyttk................... Lafourche. .......... LaSalle........................ Lincoln............ Livingston. ......... Madiaou.. ......... Morehouse......... Natchitoches........ Orleans.. .......... Ouachita........... Plaquemines........ Point* Coupes...... Rapides............ Rad River.................... Richland........... Sabine.... SC Bernard............ SC Charles................. . SC Helena.......... SC Jarece........... SC John the Baptist. Sc Landry......... SC Martin.......... Sc Mary................. SC Tammany....... Tangipahoa......... Tensas............. Terrebonne. ........ Union------------------------ $106,904 6,764 43.601 39.661 4.420 8.664 12.892 29.602 24,222 66,168 8,088 289,106 20,349 26,011 28,894 8,616 16,074 7 W 9,829 2,108 846 216,885 61,881 1.816 231,778 68,796 80,887 616,299 25.076 19.669 612 1.205 1.907 27,814 18,188 6,461 1,244.997 1.162 7,003 8,498 18.484 1,366 30,270 90,370 W 9.346 6,930 48.283 88,187 473,613 6.468 2,276 8,463 766,968 8,683 $117,496 7,207 46,869 29.847 6,610 8,872 19,701 W 63,606 8,946 812,857 11,809 88,627 W 9,265 21.616 24 Natural gas, natural gas liquids, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel. Natural gas liquids, petroleum, sale natural gas. Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, natural gas liquids. Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, days. Natural gas, petroleum, natural gaa liquids, sand and graveL Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gaa liquids, day*, sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gas liquids, lima, aalc sand and graveL Natural gas, petroleum. Natural gaa, petroleum, natural gaa liquids, salt, shell. Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas. Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gaa liquids, sand and graveL Petroleum, natural gas, natural gsa liquids. Natural gas, petroleum, sand ana gravel. Lime, cement, petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gas, clays. Natural gas, sand and graveL 10.840 2,897 2,763 298.230 67,260 1,677 367,755 64,077 19,678 470,607 23.840 W W 1,142 10,011 86,200 19,440 W 1,266,074 29,427 7,804 4S6 22,618 1,014 60,692 86.898 W 11,127 7,765 42.682 89,672 636,844 8.192 3,156 4,202 874,863 1.702 Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gaa liquids, sand and graveL Petroleum, natural gaa. Petroleum, sand and graveL Petroleum, natural gaa, sale natural gaa liquids. Petroleum, sale natural gas, natural gaa liquids, sand and graveL Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gaa, sulfur, natural gas liquids, sale sand and gravel. Natural gaa, petroleum, natural gaa liquids, sand and gravel. Do. Petroleum, natural gee, sulfur, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel. Natural gas liquids, natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, days. Sand and graveL Natural gaa. Natural gaa, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, days. Cement, shell, lime, petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gaa, sand and gravel, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, natural gaa liquids, salt, sand and gravd. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, days. Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gaa, days. Sand and gravel, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gaa. Petroleum, eand and gravel, natural gaa. Natural gas liquids, natural gaa, petroleum, eand and gravel, clays. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids. Sand and gravel, days. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids. Petroleum, natural gaa. Natural gas, petroleum, natural gaa liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, sale natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, clays. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, taU, shell, lime, sand and gravel. Shell, send and gravel, netural gas, petroleum, clays. Sand and gravel, petroleum, clays. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids. Petroleum, natural gaa, natural gas liquids, sul fur, sake Natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravd. Vermilion.................. $311,444 Vernon______ ......___ ...______ Washington.................... Webeter....................... 308 1,366 30,138 West Baton Rouge............. West Carroll................... West Feliciana............ Winn......................... Undistributed....................................... 2,603 40 W 3,166 >2,949 $312,090 Natural gas, petroleum, natural gsa liquids, eand and gravel. 607 Sand and gravd. 1,640 Do. 28,817 Natural gaa, natural gas liquids, petroleum,send and gravd. W Petroleum, natural gas, days. W Natural gas. W Send and gravd. 8,083 Petroleum, stone, gypeum, natural gaa. >106.044 15196764 Total9....................................... 6.102.321 6.663.009 W WUhbdd to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data; included with Undistributed/* i Includes some natural gas liquids that cannot be assigned to spedfie parishes and values Indiested by symbol W. i Indudee some petroleum that cannot be assigned to arvedfie parishes and valties indicated hy symbol VT. cf ir.*i: otviev. f. r -*') v. C" ' j y vr v..- ' i \. A-92 Maine The geologic features of Maine include the extensive rock formations resulting from plutonic and metamorphic activities. The general'areas distinguishable by rock types are shown in Figure A-23. There are two notable serpentinite intrustions of uncertain age, and both contain chrysotlle asbestos (neither of the deposits are being exploited). These are described and located in Table A-30. Talc rocks are found in close association with one of the chrysotlle occurrences also as described in the tabulation. Elsewhere in the state, flbruous mineral occurrences are not described. However, it should be understood that complete descriptions for much of the state are not available. Metallic mineralization of Maine rocks is prevalent in the southern counties of Waldo and Hancock and in the surrounding counties of Knox, Lincoln, Kennebec, Somerset, Pemobscot, and Washington. Elsewhere there are metallic prospects in York and Aroostook Counties principally. The only current metal mining in Maine is for zinc - copper ores - in Hancock County. The Callahan Mining Company (Harborside, Maine 04642) closed out its operation in mid 1972. Kerr American, Inc., (Blue. Hill, Maine) was planning to begin operations in a close-by area by late 1972. The balance of the Main mineral recovery operations are principally clay, sand, and gravel, and stone operations as described in Table A-31 * ^ V . . * * -v' .* 9m ; ;' ' ' .< iti- ; A-93 "'CCVT'v^ C,Tr MAINE 15196766 TABLE .A-30, OCCURRENCES OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN MAINE Asbestos Somerset County: 1. Spencer area. Slip- and crossfiber chrysotile in serpentine. Bowles, 1955; Wing, 1951. Hancock County: 2. Deer Isle deposits. Chrysotile asbestos in serpentinite, Maine Geological Survey, 1957; Wing, 1951 45 21' 70 14' 44 161 68 40' Talc Somerset County: 1. Spencer area. Talc-carbonate and talc rock associated with serpentinite. Wing, 1951 45 21' Franklin County: 2. Kibby township. Talc rock associated with gold and silver in green and black slate, metasandstone and quartzite as well as chloritic p'nyllite. 45 23' 70 14' 70 31' (Localities are given in terms of North Latitude and West Longitude) A-95 TABLE A-31* MINERAL PRODUCTION IN MAINE, BY COUNTY Commodity and wwpiny * Address Type of activity County Cement: Dragon Cement Co., DtvWoa of 5A Joyce Kilmer Are. Martin Marietta Corp. Clays: New Brunswick, NJ. 08901 Dennis Brick Co^ Inc... R. P.D. No. 1 83 Old Washington ltd. Auburn, Maine 04210 larbanco Bros. Brick Co...... R.F.D. No. 2 Gorham, Maine 04088 Fred 8. liberty A Sons, lac... R.F.D. No. 1* Gray, Maine 04089 Morin Brick Co.............. Danville, Maine 04228.......... Royal River Brick Co., Inc.... Bos 191, Gray, Maine 04099..... Peat: Acadia Peat Corp____ ........ Penobscot, Maine 04476......... International Peat Mom Co., 480 Trapelo Rd. Inc. Belmont, Mam 02178 Perlite (expanded): Cbemrock Corp................... End of Omge Street 8and and navel: * Nashville, Tenn. 87208 Blue Roek Industries......... 58 Main Street Harry C. Crooker A Sons, !>*- Westbrook, Maine 04092 Brunswick, Maine 04011........ Haralin Sand A Gravel Co., 920 Riverside 8t. Inc. Portland. Maine 0410$ Lane Construction Co......... 965 E. Main St. Lewiston Crushed Stone Co., Meriden, Conn. 06460 South Avo. Inc. Lewiston, Maine 04240 Harold C. MaeQutnn, Ine..... Bar Harbor, Maine 04609....... C.U. Page Co^ Ine....................... 234 Main St. Orono, Maine 04478 Leroy S. Prout Sand A Gravel. Scarborough, Maine 04074....... Maynard W. Robinson A Sons. R.P.D. No. 2 Cumberland Center, Maine 04021 Frank Roeel A Soot, Ine_______ National Bank Bldg. Gardiner, Maine 04345 Warren Bros. Company____ ... Fairfield, Maine 04987........... ........... Plant................ Pit.................... Pit.................... Pit..................... Pit.................. Pit.................... Bo*................... Bog.................. PUnt................. Pit.................... Pit .................. Pit*.................. Pit.................... Pit *.................. Pit.................... Pit..................... Pit.................... Pit..................... Pit..................... Pit.................... Knox. Androxoggia. Cumberland. Do. Aadraaeoggia. Cumberland Hancock. Washington. Knox. Androscoggin, Cumberland. Do. Cumberland. Penobscot. Androscoggin. Hancock. Penobscot, Cumberland. Do. Varioua. Kennebec. Stone: Granite, dimension: Hocking Granite Industries Ine. * Tbe John Swenson Granite Co. Ine. Granite, crushed: Cook and Co., Inc........ Limestone, crushed: Blue Rock Industries..... Draron Cement Co., Division of Martin Marietta Corn. Lime Products Corp Miscellaneous, crushed: Blue Rock Industries..... Slate, dimension: Porttend-Monson Slate Co. Saint George, Maine 04857............. North State St. Concord, N.H. 03301 160 Causeway St. Boston, Maas. 02114 68 Main St. Cumberland Mills, Maine 04092 6A Joyce Kilmer Ave New Brunswick, NJ. 08901 P.O. Box 367 Union, Maine 04662 58 Main St. Cumberland Mills, Maine 04092 Middle Granville, N.Y. 12849.... Quarry........ Knox. _____do...___ York, Knox. _____do_______ Cumberland. _____do_______ Kennebec. .....do ...... Knox. ........ do............. Do. -.---do............. Cumberland. Underground.. Piscataquis. * Portland and masonry. >2 pita. * 8 pita. * Also crushed. * Also copper and sliver. '.* rv'*. Vv: rv tr * ** f.v ;**: :*. v U' r'A* ;, ' I 15196768 u<>.`rw:t:-,ii, A-96 Source Reference (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (89) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724. (90) Preliminary Geologic Map of Maine, A. M. Hussey, II, Chief Compiler, 1967 Main Geological Survey. (91) Mineral Resources of Maine (Reference Map Series, Bangor Sheet), (M.R.R.M. 1), J-. R. Rand, Main Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine. (92) Maine Metal Mines and Prospects (Minerals Resource Index No. 3), A. M. Hussey, II, 1958, Maine Geological Survey, Augusta, Maine. (93) The Mineral Industry of Maine, F. B. Fulkerson, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196769 A-97 Maryland The Appalachian band of highly metamorphosed rocks is found in central Maryland as indicated in Figure A-H. The eastern portion of this region is characterized by extensive intrusives. There are numerous granitic pultons and gneiss domes, particularly around Baltimore. The metamorphosed sedimentaries are slates, marbles, and conglomerates as well as undifferential schists of Precambrian to Ordivician ages. The western Piedmont metasedmentary rocks include phyllitic slates, metasiltstone, marbles, muscovite-chloride- alllte-quartz schists, interbedded quartzites, and amygdaloidal metabasalt. These formations are believed to be of late Precambrian age. Formations tend to be of younger age to the west in Washington County. In the eastern part of the metamorphic belt there are numerous ultramatic rock bodies which arc chiefly serpentinite with partly to completely altered dunite, peridotite, pyroxemite, and massive to schistose soapstone; talc-carbonate rock and altered gabbro are also found. Hypersthene gabbro, olivine gabbro, amorthositic gabbro, and metagabbros are locally prominent. Adjacent formations frequently consist of such rocks as epidote amphibolite, serpentinite, metapyroxenite, and actinolite-chloride-, and epidote-bearing schists. Mineralization is found throughout the metamorphic zone, but is especially prominent-in the eastern area around the city of Baltimore. This area also contains deposits of amphibole asbestos, chiefly tremolite and amthophyllite, as well as soapstone associated with serpentinite. These sites in Baltimore and Carroll Counties are shown in Figure A-24 and described in Table A-32. To the north, in Baltimore, Harford, and Cecil Counties, there are also deposits of tremolite, talc, and soapstone, as shown on the map and described in the tabulation. Currently, only talc and soapstone are being worked on a commercial scale and from a single quarry in Harford County (Harford Talc Company, P. 0. Box 527, Bel Air, Maryland, 21014). Talc was used in manufacturing toilet preparations* and ceramics. Block soapstone was quarried. Nearby in Harford County, the Maryland Green Marble Corporation produced architectural serpentine and related products. Crushed serpentine is being produced in Baltimore County. 15196770 FIGURE A -2 4 . OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN MARYLAND A-99 TABLE A-32. ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE DEPOSITS IN MARYLAND Asbestos Deposits Harford County: Slip-fiber tremolite associated with basic igenous rocks 1. Dublin area 2. Jenkins and Neikirk mines 3. Slade farm 4. Durham farm 5. Coopstown area 39 39' 39 42' 39 42* 39 39' 39 35' Baltimore County: 6. Parkton area. Low quality amphibole asbestos 7. Powhatan area. Tremolite asbestos 8. Bok asbestos mine. Slip-fiber anthophyllite 9. Alberton mine. Anthophyllite asbestos 39 40' 39 20' 39 19' 39 20' 76 17' 76 24' 76 26' 76 29' 76 27' 76 41' 76 44' 76 47' 76 49' Talc and Soapstone Deposits Cecil County: 1. Rock Springs quarries. Talc rock associated with serpentinite in contact with pegmatite. 39 43' 2. Bald Friar quarry. Talc rock associated with serpentinite in contact with pegmatite. Harford County: 3. Dublin and Scarboro quarries. Talc-carbonate and talc rock in serpentinite in contact with pegmatites 4. Rocks (Airs) quarry. Soapstone associated with serpentinite Carroll County: 39 42' 39 39' 39 38' 5. Oursler and Marriotsville quarries. Soapstone associated with serpentinite 39 22' 76 08' 76 12' 76 17' 76 25' 76 55' (Locations are given in terms of North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196772 A-100 The current mining and quarrying activities in the eight-county area having metamorphic rocks are given in Table A-33. No metallics are now being produced. The extent to which the fibrous amphiboles are being encountered in the various quarrying operations is not reported. TABLE A-33. MINING ACTIVITY IN MARYLAND County Baltimore Carroll Cecil Frederick Harford Howard Montgomery Washington = Commodity Clays, limestone, crushed serpentine and crushed marble, sand and gravel, and quartzite. Cement, shale, crushed marble. Sand and gravel, granite building stone, crushed gneiss, crushed granite. Clay, cement, limestone, crushed marble, crushed quartzite Clay, sand and gravel, architectural serpentine, crushed gneiss, crushed gabbro, talc and soapstone. Quartzite, crushed gabbro, crushed marble. Gneiss building stone, crushed serpentine. Cement, clay, crushed limestone, potash " '' N . ' i. . ;* 1 ** ' : .*;v-:.V- ?i . .. v v,. , v> -:V ` ; : / 15196773 A-101 Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, U.S.G.S. Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-31. (94) Geologic Map of Maryland, E. G. Cleaves, et al., 1968, Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore, Maryland. (95) Mineral Deposits of Maryland, N.C. Pearre, U.S.G.S. Map MR-12. (96) The Mineral Industry of Maryland in 1971, C. L. Klingman, Information Circular 15, Maryland Geological Survey in Cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Mines (same as Md. Chapter from Minerals Yearbook). (97) Directory of Mineral Producers in Maryland - 1971, J. Edwards, Jr., Information Circular 11, Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore, Maryland. 15196774 Massachusetts Metamorphic rocks are found over most of Massachusetts as shewn in Figure A-25. The exceptional areas include the Connecticut River Valley in the western part of the state and Cape Cod - Barnstable County, on the Atlantic Coast. The ultramafic rocks and amphibole mineral occur* rences are confined to the western counties of Massachusetts. Their areal locations are shown on the county map (Figure A-26) and are described in Table A-34, Currently, none of these sites are being worked for the exploitation of fibrous minerals. Mineral production is taking place in the several counties of interest, but most of the operations are for stone, sand, and gravel. The 1971 operating companies, their locations, and the material being produced are listed in Table A-35 (from the D.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook) Sources References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, U.S.G.S. Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in .the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. (98) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Peat, N. C. Pearre, 1956, U.S.G.S. Mineral Resource Map MR-4. (^9) The Mineral Industry of Massachusetts, R. A. Clifton, U. S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. l5i96T75 A-103 15196775 A-104 A-105 TABLE A-34. OCCURRENCES OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN MASSACHUSETTS Latitude Area and Description Longitude Asbestos: 1. North Mountain area. Chrysotile asbestos veins in large body of ultramafic rock. Herz, 1958. 2. Hinsdale mine. Amphibole asbes tos. Pearre, 1956. - 42*32* 73*10' 42*27' 73*09* 3. Pelham quarry. Fibrous anthophyllite veins in large block of saxonite enclosed in granite gneiss. Emerson, 1898, 1917; Pearre, 1956. 42*21* 72*27* Talc and Soapstone: 1. Rowe quarries. Talc-carbonate and talc 42*43' rock derived from ultramafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 2. Cummingtori quarry. Soapstone prob 42*29* ably derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 72*55' 73*07' 3. Middlcfield prospects. Soapstone prob 42*22' ably derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 4. Unnamed quarry. Soapstone probably 42*11' derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956 5. Blandford quarry Soapstone probably 42*10' derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 6. tiranville quarry. Soapstone probably 42*03' derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 72*59' 72*58' 72*55' 72*55' 7. Tully Mountain quarry. Soapstone 42*39' probably derived from mafic igneous rock*. Hadley, 1949; Pearre. 1956. 8. Petersham quarries. Soapstone prob- 42*29' ably derived from mafic igneous rocks. Pearre, 1956. 72*15' 72*15' County Berkshire Berkshire Hampshire Franklin Berkshire Hampshire Hampden Hampden Hampden Worcester Worcester (Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196778 A-106 TAPLE ' '^5. MINING A C TIV ITY IN MASSACHUSETTS, BY COUNTY t. I l% E2 a |o ! M II *93 I 2a ill ! ui I s <2 * ,v ik f * * |. V'./ C Cn C fi SI E E E E EE E EE 3 - ig o 0fc* i I1 12 l>Ui a d;"x sail i ldf ??t^-?rE .r s *f{//5) Jfr-JEJj 95 3 * -x _* a c . w* Cl 5 *g s u l'Ow f" r=8r 8 i g:i c Jje SS. 1 Ua-5*-Hl P5 3 2H e i s g 2 e g !s S2 m . fl "* ri i < i ~-of< 4 fc. "I I.S'E-o m t*e SttS2 3e<sfJ"||iSj lllll^l (SCEzSzSEEE^oEiSSzz g 9iA j S^li _SS r 1 8*=* I *S i S .icua.s2 util .^s.s.,* (Ojs-gttiB.-Xl.lga.,,m-t - m EzS<St33saeE-- :ai5l|t3 s 0*! i C *5 G 1 ti* oK }i^flt~3i B mj ;i oS AtK i l B5=c> ft ,i E +* 6 ! cl jif > O r O_ $ t 6tr wI oc w" 6 X> oc 4 u r I .aj 1 jS 6. tw~ i*i>l t Eo j *g 6 A3 ir^ i5 si! I 5 |* fr I EJ* J S Ifl* U a 6 2 u o 6.' S a:5 oe + II ? o<!! .C f * es ^ ciiE^ Mh i? *< 15196779 Michigan The bedrock of the western portion of Michigan's upper peninsula consists almost entirely of Precambrian formations. Locally there are a few outcrops of Ordivician age sediments. Within the Precambrian formations there are numerous intrusives, some of middle Precambrian age (Iron County principally), but mostly of lower Precambrian age (Gogebic, Iron, Marquette, Dickinson, and Menominee Counties). The major occurrences are shown_ in Figure 4-27. The iron ore deposits of Michigan are sometimes closely associated with these intrusions, notably in Marquette County. The major copper occurrences of the Keeweenaw Peninsula are associated with the great Keeweenaw Fault. The copper deposit in Ontonagon County at White Pine is a sulfide. Thus, it is clear that the mineralization and metamorphism is widespread in this part of Michigan's upper peninsula. However, there is not currently an abundance of quarrying and mining activity. There are no current mining activities for the native copper deposits of the Keesweenaw Peninsula. Copper sulfide ore is being mined in Ontonagon County at White Pine, however (White Pine Copper Company, P.0. Box 427, White Pine, Michigan 49971). Iron ores are being taken from Iron County from the Iron River ~ Crystal Falls District (Inland Steel Company, 30 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603), from the Felch District in Dickinson Country (The Hanna Mining Company, 100 Erieview Plaza, Cleveland, Ohio 44114) and from the Marquette Range in Marquette County (Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company 1460 Union Commerce Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44114). The latter operates at four sites from the Marquette Range as described below. Site No. 1 2 3 4 Township & Range Section T 47 N, R 26 W 17 T 47 N, R 27 W 1 T 46 N, R 29 W 7 T 47 N, R 27 W 26 Town Location Remarks 1 mile NW of Palmer Open pit, pellets West side of Negaunee Open pit, pellets 1 mile S of Republic Open pit, pellets 3 miles S of Ishpeming Open pit. Siliceous ore 15196780 A-108 AKEEWEENAW FIGURE A -2 7 . OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS IN MICHIGAN \ 1 A-109 The former iron recovery operations at Ironwood in Gogebic County, at the Amasa-Oval District in Iron County, at Gwinn in Marquette County, and in the Iron Mountain Range in Dickinson County, are currently inactive. Of interest in the same general area of Dickinson County, however, is a crushed amphibolite operation taking place in Section 26, near Randville (Aggregate Specialties, Caspian, Michigan 49915). Elsewhere in the tencounty area of western upper peninsula, Michigan, there are numerous quarrying operations for such commodities as sand, gravel, sandstone, lime stone, marble, dolomite, end felspar. Asbesti form minerals have not been reported from these operations. Mineral production in Michigan is summarized in Table A-36. Source References (100) Bedrock of Michigan, R. W. Kelley, 1968, Small Scale Map 2, Michigan Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan. (101) Michigan Mineral Producers, 1972, Annual Directory 6, R. T. Segall, 1973, Michigan Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan. (102) Check Minerals Yearbook, Michigan, 1971. 15196782 A-J.1U TABLE A-36. County Value of mineral production in Michigan, by county t (Thouaaixb) 1970 1971 Minerals prwiuctd ia 1971 in oftler of nltM Atnmi - - - - Alger............ Allegan *-- Alpena------Antrim.... Arenac.... Baraga.... Harry..... Bay...... Ben tie. . .. Berrien.-.. Branch-----Calhoun *. - Casa........... Charlevoix. Cheboygan Chippewa.. CUre*.... Clinton ... Crawford *. Delta..... Dickinson. Eaton..... Emmet------ Gladwin............. . Gogebic.............. Grand Traverae. Gratiot*............. W *39 W ww l.WK mwo s8.73M 2,960 356 W w 12,189 138 4,471 WW W 270 26.983 1.033 9,342 <33 W 114 Ww HilbdaW*..................................................................... Houghton .................................................................... Huron........................ .. Ingham.......................................................... loeco............................ .......................................... Iron................................ IsabelU *........................................................... Jackson *.................................... ................... .. Kalamaxoo.................................................... Kalkaska........................................................... Kent*............................................................................. Keweenaw.............................-............ ...................... Lake................................................................................ Lapeer *....................................... -............................... Leelanau....................................................................... Lenawee*...................................................... .. Livingston.............. ............. Luce................... ............. Mackinac.. .............................................................. Macomb *............................. Manistee............................ ........................... Marquette................................................................... Mason............................................................................ w 119 1,105 W *62 4.893 7.020 Ww *21 4,478 21 685 1,340 222 7*6 3,345 3W3 2.284 27,573 135.806 W Mecoeta M enominee. Midlsod.... W W W Missaukee *... Monroe. _____ _ Montcalm___ _ Montmorency Muskegon.... Newaygo *.... Oakland...... 2.008 W *43 *4 2.260 493 W *334 Stone, sand and gravel. 69 Sand and gravel. 924 Sand and gravel, petroleum, peat, atone, natural gaa. W Cement, atone, clays, sand and gravel. W Clays, aawd and gravel. 1,055 Petroleum. atone, send and gravel. 81 Sand and gravel. W Sand and gravel, petroleum, atone. 10,805 Cement, aaod and gravel, petroleum, lima. 18 Sand aad greveL W Sand aad gravel, atone. W Do. 6,061 Petroleum, sand and gr.vaL stone, nature! gas. W Sand and gravel, atone. W Cement, atone, sand aad grevaL W Stone, aaad and gravaL 3.618 Do. 1,331 Petroleum. aaad and gravel, natural gaa. 807 Sand and gravel, cUya. W Petrolsuae, eaad aad gravel, natural gaa. W 8Iona, aaad aad gravaL 26,210 Iron ora, atone, send and gravel. 729 Sand aad gravel, atone, days, peat. 12,882 Cement, atone, aaad and gravel- 975 Sand aad graveL petroleum. 912 Petroleum. W Sand aad graveL W 8and and graveL petroleum. W Maenadurn compounds, caldura-maf iieelum chloride, salt, bromine, mead and graveL petroleum, natural gaa. W Petroleum, aaad aad graveL atone, natural gaa. W Sand aad gravel, atone. 1,276 Stone, lune, aaad aad graveL 1,917 Petroleum, aand aad graveL peat. 319 Sand aad gravaL *,306 Gypsum, aaad aad graveL 6,635 Iron ore. aand aad graveL W Send aad graveL petroleum, natural gee. 2,921 Petroleum, aand aad graveL stooe, natural gaa. W Sand aad graveL tone. * 1,007 Petroleum, aand and gravel, natural gee. *,106 Sand aad gravel, gypaum, petroleum, peat, natural gaa. * Sand aad graveL 630 Petroleum, aand and graveL 1,231 Peat, petroleum, aaad aad graveL calctum- magacaium chloride, natural gee. 609 Stone, aand aad gravaL 1,002 Sand aad graveL clays, petroleum, natural gaa. 2,936 Sand aad graveL W Do. W Stone, aaad and gravel. 2,267 Sand and gravel, petroleum, natural gaa. 26,701 Salt, magnesium compounds, bromine, aand 128,064 26,747 and graveL Iron ore. aand and gravel, atone. Magnesium compounds, ealcium-magneelum chloride, lima, bromine, aand and gravel petroleum. W Petroleum, aand aad gravel, peat, natural gas. W Lime, aand and graveL W Bromine, salt, calcium-magnesium chloride, magnetium compounds, iodine, petroleum, and and graveL W Petroleum, aand and graveL natural gaa. W Cement, atone, clays, peat, petroleum, eaad and gravel. W Petroleum, aand and gravaL 2 Sand and gravel. W Salt, en*l and gravel, petroleum. \V Sand ami gravel, petroleum, natural gaa. 13,543 Sand awl gravel, peat, petroleum. Oceans.... Ogemaw _ Ontonagon Osceola Oscoda.... Otsego *___ Ottawa . Presque Isle . . Hoecommon *. Saginaw...... St. Clair*____ St. Joseph......... Sanilac........ Schoolcraft.... Shiawassee.... Tuscola.............. Van Buren.. . . Washtenaw.. . . Wayne.............. .. Wexford............. Undistributed *. Total .. $507 1,736 79.618 2.261 *0 911 W ww *13 19.293 1,12*684 W 68W2 174 1,354 *7,189 121 236,321 670,729 $401 1,628 69,282 W 40 W 3,763 W W 809 18,923 198 1,935 W 486 W 138 2,503 *4,026 W 202,467 640,636 Petroleum, eand and gravel. Petroleum, aand aad graveL atone, natural gas. Copi*er, silver, aand and graveL Petroleum, aand and gravel, natural gaa. Sand aad gravel, petroleum. Petroleum, aand and gravel, natural gaa. Sand aad gravel, clays, petroleum, natural gaa. Stone, aand and graveL petroleum. Petroleum, aand and gravel, natural gaa. Sand aad gravel, lime, daya, petroleum. Salt, petroleum, cement, clay*, aaad aad graveL natural gaa. Sand aad gravel, peat, etona. Peat, aaad and graveL lima. Stone. Sand aad gravel, peat, clay*, petroleum. Sand aad gravel, petroleum, lima. 8and and gravel, petroleum. Do. Cement, lime, ealt, aaad and gravel, stone, clays, petroleum. Sand ana gravaL W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." * Values (or natural gaa aad natural gaa Squids are not available on a county basis; included with "Undis tributed." * Excludes value of natural gaa. * Includes value* for aitural gaa, natural gaa liquids, gem stones, aome aand aad gravel that cannot be assigned to apacific counties, aad values indicated by symbol W. * Data does not add to total ahowa because of Independent rounding. 15196783 A-lll Minnesota The general geology of Minnesota is an extension of the Canadian Precambrian Shield and has the same general rock sequences. Figure A-28 gives the general geology, with the shaded areas indicating the igneous and metamorphic horizons which are close to the surface over most of the state. The primary metamorphism is associated with Duluth Gabbro along the eastern end of the Mesabi Range. The principal minerals in this area are quartz, magnetite, amphiboles (commonly cummingtonite, actinolite, and hornblende) pyroxenes, garnet, fayalite, and biotite. The Duluth Gabbro Complex is also present in the Gunflint Range and a small section of the Vermillion Range. The main mineral production value of Minnesota is the iron ore. Two counties (St. Louis and Itasca) account for 92 percent of the states mineral production value with St. Louis counties totaling 81 percent. The remaining mineral production is accounted for by manganiferous ore, clays, sand and gravel, stone, lime, and peat. The principal mineral , producers are given in Table A-37. The value of mineral production is given in Table A-38 by county. The iron ore coming from the northeastern end of the Mesabi Range reportedly contains asbestosform minerals as an accessory component in quantities as high as 30 percent. Currently, there is court action being taken by the EPA to stop Reserve Mining Company from dumping tailings into the lake. This action was taken upon find ing fibrous amphiboles in the drinking water supply which is taken from the lake by Duluth and other communities. i `I;V. :-0'f Wc# VV '"ft >. r""' 15196784 .. A-112 FIGURE A-28. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MINNESOTA ............ ; - ................. i A-lll Minnesota The general geology of Minnesota is an extension of the Canadian Precambrian Shield and has the same general rock sequences. Figure A-28 gives the general geology, with the shaded areas indicating the igneous and metamorphic horizons which are close to the surface over most of the state. The primary metamorphism is associated with Duluth Gabbro along the eastern end of the Mesabi Range. The principal minerals in this area are quartz, magnetite, amphiboles (commonly cummingtonite, actinolite, and hornblende) pyroxenes, garnet, fayalite, and biotite. The Duluth Gabbro Complex is also present in the Gunflint Range and a small section of the Vermillion Range. The main mineral production value of Minnesota i6 the iron ore. Two counties (St. Louis and Itasca) account for 92 percent of the states mineral production value with St. Louis counties totaling 81 percent The remaining mineral production is accounted for by manganiferous ore, clays, sand and gravel, stone, lime, and peat. The principal mineral producers are given in Table A-37. The value of mineral production is given in Table A-38 by county. The iron ore coming from the northeastern end of the Mesabi Range reportedly contains asbestosform minerals as an accessory component in quantities as high as 30 percent. Currently, there is court action being taken by the EPA to 6top Reserve Mining Company from dumping tailings into the lake. This action was taken upon find ing fibrous amphiboles in the drinking water supply which is taken from the lake by Duluth and other communities. y+ 15196784 1 "" %\ A-113 TABLE A-37. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN MINNESOTA County Rock St. Louis Hennepin Brown, Redwood Ramsey St. Louis Ramsey Itasca Crow Wing Itasca Itasca, St. Louis Conroanv and Address Jasper Stone Company Box 206 Sioux City, Iowa 51102 Universal Atlas Cement Div. United States Steel Corp. Chatham Center, Box 2969 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15230 North Central Lightweight Aggregate Company, Inc. 4901 W. Medicine Lake Dr. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55427 Ochs Brick & Tile Company Springfield, Minnesota 56087 Twin City Brick Company 790 Joy Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55118 American Steel & Wire Division United States Steel Corp. Morgan Park Duluth, Minnesota 55800 Koppers Company, Inc. 1000 Hamline Avenue, North St. Paul, Minnesota 55104 Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company 1460 Union Commerce Building Cleveland, Ohio 44115 Canisteo and Hill Trumbull The Hanna Mining Company 100 Eireview Plaza Cleveland, Ohio 44114 Rabbit Lake Butler Taconite Project National Steel Pellet Project Commodity Abrasive Stone Cement Clays & Shale Clays & Shale Clays & Shale Coke Coke Iron Ore Iron Ore Iron Ore Iron Ore Iron Ore Iron Ore 15196786 j TABLE A-37 (continued) County St. Louis It Itasca It St. Louis II II If ft It It If Lake St. Louis Company and Address Hanna Mining Co. (continued) Pierce Group South Agnew Group West Hill Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Minnesota Ore Division Virginia, Minnesota 55692 Hill Annex and Lind-Greenway McKinley and Schley Group Oglebay Horton Company Hanna Building Cleveland, Ohio 44115 Thunderbird Mine Fairland Plant Pickands Mather & Company 2000 Union Commerce Building Cleveland, Ohio 44115 Erie Commercial Mahoning Pittsburgh Pacific Company 2521 First Avenue Hibbing, Minnesota 55746 Dunwoody, Gilbert, Lincoln West, Monroe, and Others Julia Plant Reserve Mining Company Silver Bay, Minnesota 55614 Peter Mitchell E. W. Davis Works Rhude & Fryberger, Inc. Box 66 Hibbing, Minnesota 55746 Gross Helson and Hull-Rust Group Commodity Iron Ore " " " " " " " " " " " " " A-115 TABLE A-37 (continued) County St. Louis Itasca St. Louis Dakota Hennepin Carvery, Clay, Polk St. Louis Crow Wing Company and Address Snyder Mining Company Box 1106 Pittsburgh, Fa 15230 Kosmerl Lease Area, Wanless, Whiteside United States Steel Corporation Minnesota Ore Operations Box 417 Mountain Iron, Minnesota 55768 Plummer Group Kosmerl Minntac Rouchleau Group Sherman Group Stephens Mine American Steel & Wire Division U.S. Steel Corp Morgan Park Duluth, Minn 55800 Gopher Smelting and Refining Company Hwy. 49 and Hwy. 55 St. Paul, Minn 55111 N. L. Industries, Inc. 3650 Hamshire St Minneapolia, Minn 55426 American Crystal Sugar Co Boston Building Denver, Colorado 80201 Cutler-Magner Company 12th Avenue & Waterfront Duluth, Minn 55802 The Hanna Mining Company 100 Eireview Plaza Cleveland, Ohio 44114 Lauretta Commodity Iron Ore \ 7 S' ' v. t: , .-'.ViV;. :5? Iron and steel Secondary Lead Smelters .i: ; v'. Lime . '']V. ' .*J**' *:i 15196788 t w- Manganiferous ore 1 _c* y.- r .. . -. ;'V: A-116 TABLE A-37 (continued) County Crow Wing ________Company and Address Pittsburgh Pacific Company 2521 First Avenue Hibbing, Minn 55746 Louise and Mangan No. 1 Commodity Manganiferous ore Aitkin St. Louis Colby Pioneer Peat Company Box 8 Hanlontown, Iowa 50444 Power-O-Peat Company Gilbert, Minn 55741 Peat II Carlton Red Wing Peat Corporation Box 3006 Houston, Texas 77001 Peat Hennepin Zonolite Division, W. R. Grace & Company 62 Whittemore Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts Expanded perlite Expanded perlite Dakota, Hannepin, Washington Alexander Construction Company, Inc. 4641 Hiawatha Avenue Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406 Sand and Gravel Hennepin Anderson Aggregates, Inc. 100 North Seventh Street Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403 Sand and Gravel Carlton, Chisago Barton Contracting Company Dakota, Hennepin 10300 - 89th Avenue, North Sherburne, Osseo, Minnesota 55369 Washington Sand and Gravel Bit Stone, Duininck Brothers & Gilchrist Carlton, Olivia, Minnesota 56277 Clearwater, Kandiyohi, Kittson, Marshall, Polk, Redwood, Renville, Roseau Sand and Gravel Brown, Carlton Faribault, Goodhue, Jackson, Martin, Polk, Stevens, W. Hodgman & Sons, Inc. 1100 Marcus Street Fairmont, Minnesota 56031 Sand and Gravel 15196789 A-117 TABLE A-37 (continued) County Company and Address Itasca, St. Louis McLean Construction Company 1288 Tower Avenue Superior, Wisconsin 54880 Clay, Clear- Mark Sand & Gravel Company water, Douglas, Box 396 Grant, Fergus Falls, Minnesota 56537 Mahnomen, Norman Otter Tail, Wilkin Benton, Blue Earth, Minnesota Valley Improvement Co. Granite Falls, Minnesota 56241 Chippewa Hennepin, Jackson, Mille, Lacs, Nicollet, Nobles, Olmsted, Pine, Polk, Pope, Red Lake, Renville, Rock, Scott, Yellow Medicine Washington J. L. Shiely Company 1101 North Snelling Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Freeborn, Mower, Olmsted, Steele Ulland Brothers, Inc. Box 98 Austin, Minnesota 55912 Carlton, Cook, Lake, St. Louis Do. Box 340 Cloquet, Minnesota 55720 Big Stone, Lac Cold Spring Granite Company qui Parle, Mille Cold Spring, Minnesota 56320 Lacs, Renville Stearns Lac qui Parle, Stearns Wright Do- Delano Granite, Inc. Delano, Minnesota 55328 Do. Yellow Medicine The Green Company Stearns Shiely-Petters Crushed Stone Company, Inc. Box 69 Commodity Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel Sand and Gravel Granite Granite Granite 15196790 Do. Granite Granite County Le Sueur Winona Scott, Washington Houston, Winona Dakota Blue Earth Do. Mower Olmsted, Wabasha Dodge, Olmsted, Wabasha, Winona Scott Scott, Washington Blue Earth, Le Sueur A-118 TABLE A-37 (continued) Company and Address The Babcock Company Kasota, Minnesota 56050 Biesanz Stone Company, Inc. 116 West 7th Street Winona, Minnesota 55987 Bryan Rock Products, Inc. Box 215 . Shakopee, Minnesota 55379 Hector Construction Company, Inc. Box 410 Caledonia, Minnesota 55921 Edward Kraemer & Sons, Inc. Plain, Wisconsin 53577 Mankato Ag Lime & Rock Company Route 3 Mankato, Minnesota 56001 Mankato Stone Company 836 North Front Street Mankato, Minnesota 56001 Osmundson Brothers Adams, Minnesota 55909 Patterson Quarries, Div. of Mathy Construction St. Charles, Minnesota 55972 Quarve & Anderson Company Route 3, Box 27 Rochester, Minnesota 55901 "River Warren Aggregates, Inc. Lakeville, Minnesota 55074 J. L. Shiely Company 1101 North Snelling Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Vetter Stone Company Route 4 Mankato, Minnesota 56001 Commodity Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite * . ... .{ / . - * ` . * ' . Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite K s. 'V-i - - s v^7-r vaV'i,'*' A< ... ' 'ryy- ; C: ;. Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite Limestone & dolomite * ' * .. -'} . v * /`i*-.'. ;; i 1 .: *; ,1 - 15196791 *'*<** *"* ` \ Countv Wadena Rock Nicollet St. Louis Dakota Washington A-119 TABLE A-37 (continued) Company and Address Richard Nanik Marl Pit Star Route Staples, Minnesota 56479 Jasper Stone Company Box 206 Sioux City, Iowa 51102 New Ulm Quartzite. Quarries, Inc. New Uln, Minnesota 56073 Arrowhead Blacktop Company 14th Avenue, West & Waterfront Duluth, Minnesota 55802 Great Northern Oil Company Box 3596 St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Northwestern Refining Company P.0. Drawer 9 St. Paul Park, Minnesota 55071 Commodity Marl Quartzite Quartzite Traprock (basalt) Sulfur (recovered) Sulfur (recovered) .1 ' f* . * ;- . V , * . S \ ' i' , r' ' ' > , : V-'.' : V*. i *i 15196792 *; A-120 TABLE A*38*"^"C of mineral production in Minnesota, by county (Thousands) County 1971 1972 Mincruls produced in 1972 in order of value Aitkin _________ _------... * Anoka........................ Becker-------------------------------------------- Beltrami.......................... ........... ......... Benton..___...----------- .......... Big Stone..................... Blue Earth............................ .. Brown.. --................... Carlton....................... Carver............................................ .. Cass................................ .. Chippewa.............................. .. Chisago................. ...... Clay.......................................................... Clearwater Cook............. .......................... .. Cotton wood.................... .. --< Crow Wing............................ --.... Dakota........................... .. Dodge.......... ...................... Douglas....................... Faribault...............------ ... Fillmore.................... ............. Freeborn___ ................... Goodhue........ -- ........... Grant------- .................... Hennepin...................... .. Houston____ ____ .............. Hubbard............................................... Isanti___ --................... Itasca.................. --............. Jackson............................ -.................... Kanabec.................. .. Kandiyohi....--. -- ....... -- Kittson............... --.......... Koochiching.......................................... Lac qui Parle................... ............... of the Woods......------ ... Lyon............................. MW^od.................................................. Malmmien....................................... -Marshall........................................... .. Martin......... ............... Milk* Lae*................ -...................... Mnrrisun......................................... ...... Mower....................... ........... .................. Murray............................ ................. .. Nobhrs..................................................... W ._ W w w w *1.661 w w w 140 250 193 w 219 W 117 1,706 W W W W 772 659 W w w w w 8 81,685 25S 38 W Ww 481 W w w w w w 6 232 211 W W 38 W W w 179 3109 W 117 W 114 W 1.397 W W w 190 W W w w w w 1,494 W W 62 120 606 391 W W 4.447 W ,,,, 29 75.527 w 75 274 W 116 414 *w0 w w 90 27 . .. 212 300 W w w w 7 w w Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Do. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Do. Sand and gravel, clays. Sand and gravel, peat, clays. Sand and gravel, clays. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Sand and gravel, lime. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Manganiferuus ore, iron ore, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, days, stone. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Iron ore, sand and gravel, peat. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Do. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Do. Sand and gravel, stone. Sami and gravel. Do. Do. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Ston-, *:md and gravel. Sand and gravel. Stmi.*, *atid and gruvel. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and gravel. Norman....................................... .. W W Otter Tail................... .......................... Pennington..................... 1521 W Pine...................................... .. 47 Pipestone..................---------- ------------- 220 Polk.......................................................... W Pol*............................................... v* W Ramsey................................................... W Red Lake............................................... W Redwood..........................-.................. 206 Renville................................ -............... W Rice.......... ............................................... W Rock........ .................................. -.......... 81K Roseau.................... .............................. W St. Louis................................................. 476,063 Scott............. .......................................... W Sherburne........................-................-- 687 Sibley............................................ ..... 34 Stearns.................................................. W Steele........................ ..... W Stevens ............ .............- -- - -- 431 Swift............... ....................................... W Todd........................................................ W Traverse................................................. W Wabasha..................................... ........... W Wadena............................... -... \V Waseca..................... --W Washington........................................... W W aton wan....................... --.-- W Wilkin..................................................... W Winona.................. ............. ................. W Wright................ ............. .. --............. 430 Yellow Mcdirinc W Undistributed5.....................-............. 40,577 *96 Sand and gravi-1. w Stone, Mind and gravel. w Sand and gravel. 122 Do. 17 Do. W Do. W Sand and gravel, lime. W Sand and gravel. W Sand and gravel, clays. W Sand and gravel. 87 Stone, clay*, sand and gravel. W Stone, sand and i;ravr). W Sand and gravel, stone. 640 Stone-, abrasives. sand and gravel. 69 Sand and gravt I. 634,260 Iron ore, cement, sand and gravel, btone, lime, peat. W Slone, sand and gravel. 93] Sand and gravel. \V Stone, sand and gravel. W Sand and gravel, stone. W Sand and gravel. W Du. W Do. W Do. W Slone, sand and gravel. W Sand and gravel, stone. W Sand and gravel. W Sa- and gravel, atone. 8 S*. and gravel. W J>,,. W Stone. W Sand and gravel, stone. 424 Stone, rand and gravel. 36,632 Total1................................... . 60S.776 659.669 W Withheld to avoid disclosing imhvinua! company confident!:*! data: included with "Undistributed." Include* value of mineral production that cannot I* assigned >|Kcilic counties and values indicated by symbol W. t Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. A-121 Reference Sources (2) Asbestos In the U.S. , A. H.Chidester, A. F. Shide, 1972, USGS Map MR-17. (103) Asbestos in the U.S., A. H. Chidester, A. F. Shide, 1972, USGS Map MR-17. (104) Map of Mineral Resources of Minnesota, G. M. Schwartz, N, Prokopovich, 1966, Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota. (105) Geologic Map of Minnesota Bedrock Geology, P.K. Sims, 1970, USGS Map M-14. (106) Ore Deposits in the United States, 1933/1967, John D. Ridge, editor, 1968, AIME, New York, New York. (107) The Mesabi Iron-Bearing District of Minnesota, C. K. Leith, 1903, U.S. Geol. Survey Mono, 43, 316 p. (108) The Geology of the Lake Superior Region, C. R. Van Hise, and C. K. Leith, 1911, U.S. Geol. Surv. Mono. 52, 641 p. (109) The Ore Bodies of the Mesabi Range, J. F. Wolff, Eng. and Min. Jour. v. 100, nos, 3, 4, 5, 6, p 89-94, 135-139, 178-185 219-224.. (110) Mineralogy and Geology of the Mesabi Range, J. W. Gruner, 1946, Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation, St. Paul, 127 p. (111) Development of Lake Superior Soft Iron Ores from Metamorphosed Iron Formation., S. A. Tyler, 1949, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., v. 60, p 1101-1124. (112) Sedimentary Iron Deposit, p 506-523, in Applied Sedimentation. 1950, P. D. Trask, editor, Wiley, N.Y., 707 p. (113) Sedimentary Facies of Iron-Formation, H. L. James, 1954, Econ. Geol., v. 49, p 235-291. (-14) The Stratigraphy and Structure of the Mesabi Range, Minnesota, D. A. White, 1954, Minn. Geol. Surv. Bull. 38, 92 p. (1 T) The Mesabi Range, J. W. Gruner, 1956, Geol. Soc. Amer. Guidebook for Field Trips, Field Trip No. 1, p. 182-215. (116) The Precambrian Geology and Geochronology of Minnesota, S. S. Goldic'n, et al., 1961, Minn. Geol. Surv. Bull. 41, 193 p. 15196794 Source Reference (continued) (117) The Geology of the Metamorphosed Bivabik Iron-Formation, Eastern Mesabi District, Minnesota, J. N. Gundersen and G. M. Schwartz, 1962, Minn. Geol. Survey Bull. 43, 139 p. (118) The Charts of the Lake Superior Iron-Bearing Formations, J. T. Mengel, 1963, Univ. Wise., unpublished Ph. D. dissertation. (119) Development of Magnetite in Iron-Formation of the Lake Superior Region, G. L. LaBerge, 1964, Econ. Geol., v 59, p 1313-1342. (120) Origin of the Precambrian Iron-Formations, H. Lepp and S. S. Goldich, 1964, Econ. Geol. v. 59, p. 1025-1060. (121) American Iron Ore Association, 1965, Iron Ore: Cleveland, Ohio (122) Mining Directory Issue, Minnesota, 1965, M. R. Aim, 1965, Univ. Minn. Bull. 68, 268 p. (123) Chemistry of the Iron-Rich Sedimentary Rocks, H. L. James, 1966, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 440-W, 60 p. 15196795 A-123 Mississippi The mineral production in Mississippi consists of fossil fuels, stone, clays, and sand and gravel principally. The county by county production is presented in Table A-39. There are no activities in rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur. Source Reference (124) The Mineral Industry of Mississippi, C. L. Radling and A. R. Bicker, Jr., 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. ource Reference: The Mineral Industry of Mississippi C. L. Radling and A. R. Bicker, Jr., 1971 U. S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. i .. / 15196796 H:.' .'.7 A-124 TABLE A-3 9, Value of mineral production in MtaiUuppi, by county i (Thousands) . County 1970 1971 Minerals produml in 1971, In order of value . Adams. ............... Ateera.................................. Amite____ ________ _____ Attala.................................. ............... Bolivar........________ ............... Carroll_________ ________ ............... Clark................................... ............... Clay...................................... Copiah....________ .... Covington............ ............... De Soto............... Forrest............... Franklin...------------------ Greene__________________ Hancock____________ ... Harrison........... .. Hinds................................... Holmes.. ............ Humphreys________ .... Itawamba.. .......... ............... Jackson.............. ............... Jasper............... Jefferson ............. Jefferson Davis........ Jones........--..... ............... Lafayetta------------------------ ............... Lamar............... Lauderdale.___ ....... ............... Leflore............... ............... Lincoln. ............. ............... Lowndes..........___ ............... M adison........................... Marion.............................. .. ............... M arshall............. ............... Monroe.......---- ------- ............... Noxubee...... ........... -____ ............... Oktibbeha. ........... Panola............................... Pearl River................. ............... Perry.................................... ............... Pike...................................... .............. Pontotoc............... ............... Prentiss.............. ............... Rankin_____ -- ....... W w w 40,010 * 47 w w 10,870 W w w 6,739 W w w w w w 687 W 3,127 W W Simpson................ .. .................. 2.048 Smith....... ............... -- .. .............. 16,067 Stone.......... ........... ...... -- .............. Sunflower.______ ...... .......... Tate..................................... ............... Tippah...-......................... ............... Tishomingo___........ ............... Union.................................. Walthall............................. ............... Warren.._______ ...... .............. Washington____....... ............... Wayne............ .................... .............. Wilkinson.____ ....... ............... Winston.............. ............ ............ ............ Undistributed......... ............... w W 69 W w 5,599 1,865 W 17.031 7,641 w W 8.035 26,686 Tout*.................................... 249.973 *22.014 w 6,364 W W W 44,119 682 W 920 W 3.460 9,913 234 270 W 2.128 376 49 W W 26,786 1,220 5,986 11.841 W 28.436 W W w 4.777 W 1,559 W 362 3.280 W W W 649 W 2,045 W W 5.344 295 2,018 12.098 W W W 1.760 W w 8.180 3,280 W 16.150 6.570 W w 9,201 21.031 Petroleum, send end travel, natural fas, natural tea liquids, days. Sand and travel. Petroleum, natural can. Clays. Sand and gravd. Sand and travel, days. Petroleum, natural gas, natural |U liquids, sand and travel. Sand and travel, stone, natural fan. Sand and travel. Petroleum, sand and fravd, natural fas. Sand and fravd. Natural fas, sand and fravd, petroleum, days. Petroleum, natural fas. Do. Natural fas, petroleum, sand and travel. Sand and travel. Petroleum, elays, natural fas, stuns, send and fravd. Sand and fravd, petroleum, natural faa. Petroleum, natural fas. Clays, natural fas. Magnesium compounds, lime, sand and travel. Petroleum, natural fat, natural fas liquids, daya, sand end rraveL Petroleum, natural fas. Natural gas, petroleum, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, elsys. Sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas, aand and fravd. Clays, sand mod graveL Clays, sand and gravel, natural fas. Natural gas, petroleum. Petroleum, aand and gravel, elaya. Sand and gravel, daya. Petroleum, natural gaa. Natural gas, petroleum, sand and graveL Clays. Clays, sand and gravel, natural gas, petroleum. Clays, sand and gravel. Natural gas. Clays, sand and gravel. Natural gas/petroleum, daya. Sand and gravel, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas. Sand and gravel. Clays. Cement, petroleum, atone, aand and gravd, natural gaa. Petroleum, natural gaa. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and graveL Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, clays, sand and gravel. Sand and gravd. Claya. Sand and gravel. Clays. Sand and graveL Do. Natural gas, petruleum. aand and gravel. Cement, atone. Sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and graveL Do. Clays. Ssnd and gravel. Petroleum, natural css. 262,393 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." * The following counties were not listed because no production was reported: Benton. Calhoun, Chickasaw, Choctaw.CUiborne, Coahoma, George, (Grenada, Issaquena, Kemper, Lawrence. Leake, Montgomery, Neshoba, Newton, Quitman, Sharkey, Tallahatchie, Tunica, and Webster. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. A-125 Missouri The rocks of the Ozark Uplift dominate the geology of southern Missouri. The extent of these rocks and the three areas of interest within the uplift are located on Figure A-29. Rocks of Precambrian and Cambrian age which include igneous and metamorphic rocks outcrop in the southeast mining district notably in the St. Francois Mountain District. This area is most noted for its lead-zinc production where the mineralization is in Cambrian age rocks. The zinc-lead mineralization in the Tri-State mining district (Jasper, Lawrence, and Newton Counties) is in Mississippian age cherty limestone variably altered to dolomite. In the Central mining district (Morgan, Miller, Camden, Moniteau, Cooper, and Cole Counties) the mineralization is extensive, but not intensive and is found in rocks of late Cambrian through Pennsylvanian age. These rocks also are principally limestone or cherty dolomite with local sandstone, shale, and coal members. Lead is recovered from this area as a by-product of barite recovery operations. The Precambrian rocks exposed in the St. Francois Mountains and the outliers are of three types: felsitic volcanic rocks ranging from rhyolite to andesite, granites and granite porphyries, and basic intrusives of gabboric composition. The location of these rocks is shown on the state map and the detail map of a fourteen county area (Figure A-30). Within the general area, dikes and diatremes ot mafic and ultramafic igenous rock occur in Cambrian age brecciated sediments. The extent to which this type rock is encountered during the various mining activities of the area is not reported. As shown on the detail map of the St. Francois Mountain area, there are numerous lead-zinc and iron mining operations surrounding the Precambrian outcrops. The operations are in a mineralized area of roughly annular pattern aroum the dome of Precambrian rocks. While most of the sedimentaries in the area are mineralized, the most intensive mineralization is in the Cambrian Bonneterre Formation, which is the lowermost carbonate rock of the region and is principally a dolomite. The lead-zinc ore bodies are formed by a replacement mechanism. Many of the mining operations are currently active. 15196198 A-126 r' *;. VV -:r / A Tri-state zinc-lead district B Central mining district C Southeast mining district FIGURE A-29. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN MISSOURI : v -w 1SV 'Vn- A-127 v >s>v ,:: *. * ;V iV'? * ' Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks () Iron mines and prospects ( (8) active) a Lead - zinc mines and prospects FIGURE A-30. DETAIL MAP OF AREA OF MISSOURI WHERE IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS OCCUR i'.- ` . -v . $.v". !'> 15196800 X. A-128 The magnetite-hematite iron deposits of the southeast mining district occur as vein fillings and tabular replacement bodies in Precambrian felsites, tuffs, and tuff breccias of the St. Francis Mountains and adjacent areas. The currently active operation in Iron County at Pilot Knob (Pilot Knob Pellet Company, P.0. Box 26, Fronton, Missouri, 63650) is in a tabular body at the base of the Paleozoic rocks found locally in this area. Magnetite is the chief ore mineral. Fine grinding and magnetic separation permits concentration to about 63 percent iron with about 5 percent silica content. The trap-rock at Pilot Knob is a felsite porphyry where the minerology is chiefly quartz and feldspar phenocrysts, flurospar, and sulfides. Fibrous amphibole minerals have not been reported from this opera tion. The active iron mining operation in Washington County at Pea Ridge exploits a magnetite deposit in Precambrian volcanic magnetite deposit in Precambrian volcanir rocks under 1300 feet of lower Palezoic sedimentaries. The ore body transects the enclosing rhyolite and rhyolite porphyry flows at a low angle. Specular hematite is present in variable amounts, in places comprising most of the ore. Pyrite, apatite, and quartz are the chief impurities. Pellets averaging 6S percent iron and less than 2 percent silica are produced after concentrating and pelletizing. Fibrous amphibole minerals have not been reported from this operation. Apart from the Precambrian iron recovery operations described above, Missouri does not have a production although there are extensive brown ore" deposits throughout the Ozark Uplift area of the state. The deposits frequently occur in cherty clay residuum derived from weathered Ordovician dolomites. There are no reports of amphibole mineralization associated with these limonite ores. As in numerous other midwestern states, there are numerous quarrying . _ ivities in Missouri for the recovery of sand, gravel, clay, and stone for .arious uses. In addition, coal, asphalt, cement, and barite are recovered "... selected sites. Amphibole minerals are not reported from any of these activities. The mineral production in Missouri is summarized in Table A-40 an.. A-41- v*v9W r A-I29 TABLE A "40. Value o( inimral production in Missouri, by county i (Thousands) County Adair............................... Atchison........................................ --..... Audrain............................. Bury................................................ -................. Barton______ ___________ Benton..... ........................ Boone.......--......... Buchanan.__________________________ ____ Caldwell............................................................... Callaway. ........................-- Cape Girardeau............. .. 1970 Ww $756 W 176 4.131 327 W w 2,181 wW w r.nl* .. ............................ .. Dallas................................................................... Daviess.._____ _______________--- -------- De Kalb.............................................................. Douglas_____________-- ............... Dunklin...................... .. -- Franklin....----------------------- ---------------- Gueonadt.......................................................... Gentry....................................................... Greene............--............................ Grundy........................................ .................... Harrison___ _____________ _________ Henry ________________ --............. Hickory.............................................................. Holt..................................................................... Howard............................ Howell................................................................ Iron.......... .. --. Jackson... Jasper..................................... ........................ JelTeraon...... ........... .......... .............. Johnson............................ Knox............... --............. --.......................... Laclede............------ .......--.. Lai' yette----- ---------- .................. Lawrence.......................... Lewis............ ..--................ Lincoln___ ............. ............................ .. Linn____ ......------- ..........------------- Livingston.......------ - -- ------------ - Macon..........------------ ------------ --------Madison... . ....................... Marion.. . ....._____ -- -----------...... Mercer...................... -- Miller................................ ........................ Moniteau. .......... .. --............ Monroe..................... -- Montgomery------------- - --.......................... Newton........................................................ -- Nodaway.............................. .......................... Oregon....................... ................................... Osage.. . -............... ................................... Oiark.................................................................. Pemiscot................................................ - - - - Perry............ ..................................................... Pettis................................................................. Phelps................... ............................................ Pike..................................................................... Platte................................................................. Polk.................................................................... Pulaski. ............................................................ Putnam.................................... ........................ Ralls................................................................... Randolph. ........................--........................ Reynolds................................ .......................... 460 Ww w 605 W 6,296 107 W 5K5 107 W 90 W 1.982 W Ww w w w w w 2.023 84,225 Ww w w w w w w w 48w6 .w w w w 38w3 85 329 687 W 746 W w w w w w w w 593 Ww w w 920 58,540 St. (diaries. ................................................... St. Francois.................................................... St. Louis............................... .......................... Ste. Genevieve............................................. . Saline.............................................................. . Scotland...................... ................................... Scott........................... ....................................... Shannon................................................. .. Shelby.......................... -............................. Stoddard................... .......................... .. Vernon........................... Warren. Washington ........... Wayne.......................................... Webster................................................................ Wright.................... Undistributed *................... $2,061 17,337 26.213 26.661 4G W \V 64 Ww 229 264 43,337 W W W 109,648 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value \V Stone. \V Hand and gravel. $1,761 Clays. \V Stone. W Coal, native asphalt, stone. 149 Slone. W Do. 5,063 Coal, stone, sand ami gravel, clays. W Sand and gravel, stone. 269 Sand and gravel, clays. W Stone. 1.624 Clays, atone, coal, sand and gravel. wW Stone. Cement, alone, sand and gravel, clays. w Slone. 9w4 Do. Sand and gravel. wW Stone. Stone, sand and gravel. , w\v Do. Stone. 391 Stone, sand and gravel, lead. \V Stone, sand and grave). 3.990 Lead, copper, sine, stone, silver. W Stone. w Do. 527 Stone, land and gravel. 125 Stone. W Sand and gravel. wW Do. Stone, clays, sand and gravel. 1.765 Clays, sand and gravel. W Stoue, sand and gravel. Ww \v ww w w w Stone, lime. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone. Coal, atone. Stone. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Do. 84.729 * Lead, iron ore, cine, copper, silver, stone. 12.C32 Cement, atone, sand and gravel, clay*. wwW Stone, sand and gravel. Cement, atone, sand and gravel, days, taad. w w w w ww Stone. Do. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone. Sami and grave), stone. Sand and grave), stone, days. w Stone. 1.237 Stone, clays, sand and gravel. W Coal. 20 Stone. W Lime, stone. V! Stone. W Sand and gravel, stone. W Stone. 271 Clays, stone, sand and gravd. 765 Do. 137 Stone. W Stone, sand and gravel. 15 Slone. \V Sand and gravel, clays. 350 1w5W1 W 1.210 W 176 W Ww 1.710 46.421 Sand and gravel. Stone. Do. Stone, clays, sand and gravel. Cement, stone, clays sand and gravel. Clay*, atone, sand and gravel. Stone. Sand and gravel, stone. Coal. Cement, atone, clays. Coal, Mione, sand and gravel. Slone, sand and gravel. Lead, sine, copper, silver, sand ami gravel, atone. $2,368 12.734 29.663 33.211 476 W W wW 434 235 252 45.177 135 Stone, sand and gravel, clays. J<ead. lime, atone, copper, silver, sine. Cement, stone, sand ami gravel, clays, natural gas. Lime, atone, sand and gravel. Stone. Do. Clays. Stone. Do. Sand ami gravel. Stone, coat, native asphalt. Clays, stone. Iron ore. lead, barite, sine, copper, silver, sand ami gravel. Stone. W Stone. 111,343 15196802 Total*.................................................... 392.996 40u.0s9 W Withheld to avoid duM*hmg individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." The following owntie* were not listed because in* pr.xtuctkm was reported; Andrew, Bollinger, Carroll, Carter. Dent. McDonald, Maries. Mississippi, Morgan, New Madrid, Ripley, St. Clair, Schuyler, Stone, Sullivan, Taney, Texas, and Worth. * Includes value of sand and gravel and stone not assigned to specific counties, and value of petroleum for which county data was unavailable for 1971. 1 Data may not add to totals bhown because of independent rounding. A-130 TABLE A-41. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN MISSOURI Commodity md company Address Asphalt, native: Uar-Co-Roc Asphalt Co..________ P.O. Box 11 Jantha, Mo. 64753 Silica Rock Asphalt Corp........ Sheldon, Mo. 64784. Barite: Dresser Minerals Div...................... P.O. Box 6504 Houston, Tex. 77005 Milchera, Incorporated.....___... P.O. Box22111 Houston, Tex. 77027 National Lead Co., Daroid Division. P.O. Box 1675 Houston, Tex. 77001 National Lead Co., DeLore P.O. Box 2K08 Division. Caromlelet St*. St. Louis, Mo. 63111 Chas. Pfizer & Co* Inc.......................Box 47 Cement: Mineral Point, Mo. 63660 Alpha Portland Cement Co.............. 15 South Third St. Easton, Pa. 18043 Dundee Cement Co......................... P.O. Box 317 Dundee, Mich. 4H131 Marquette Cement Mfg. Co20 North Warker Dr. Chicago, 1IL 60606 Missouri Portland Cement........ 7751 Caromlelet Ave. SL Louis, Mo. 63105 River Cement Co...........____ Kestus, Mo. 63028........................ .. Universal Atlas Cement Div. of Chatham Center, Box 2969 U.S. Steel Corp. Clay and shale: Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Allied Chemical Corp.................Box 70 Morristown, NJ. 07960 Alton Brick Co........______ ___ Box 1025 Maryland Heights, Mo. 63042 Carter-Waters Corp.................... 2440 Pennway Kansas City, Mo. 64108 Type of activity County Mine..Barton. ____ do............ .. Vernon. ____ do....................Washington. Mine and mill.. Do. ____ do.________ Do. Mill.......... SL Louis. Mine and mQL. Washington. Plant and quarry* ____ do............. ___ .do...... ....do...... ____ do____ _ ------ do............ $L Loufau Pika. Cape Girardeau. Jackson, St. Louis. JefTereon. Ralls. Mine and plant. Gasconade. ....do_________ SL Louis. ____ do____ ____ Piatt*. C-E Refractories Div. iif ('ombun- 101 Ferry Si tion Engineering. SL Louis, Mo. 63147 Dundee Cement Co......... ............... Dundee, Mich. 48131. U.S. Gypsum: A. I*. Green Refrac- Mexico, Mu. 65265... lories Co. Dressers Industrie* Inr.: Harbi*on- 2 Gateway Center Walker Refractories Co. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222 Ksiner Refractories.......... .....-- P.O. Box 499 Mexien, Mo. 65265 Marquette Cement Mfg. Co............ 20 North Wacker Dr. Chicago, III. 60G06 Midland Brick & Tile Co....... ...........Box 428 Chillicothe, Mo. 64G01 Missouri Portland Cement Co......... 7751 Caromlelet Ave. St. Louis, Mo. G3105 H. K. Porter Cu., Inc......................... 4705 Ridgewood Ave. SL Louis, Mo. 63116 Universal Atlas C ement Div., 1/^, Steel Corp. Wellavitlc Fire Brick Co..-.............. Coal: Clayton-Hensley Coal Co................ Ellis Coal Co. ....................................... Kirkville Coal Co., Inc.................. .. Peabody Coal Co.................................. P.O. Box 29G9 Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 West Highway Ik Wellsvilie, Mo. 633*4 Route 3 Fulton, Mo. 65251 Bronaugh, Mo. G472*.. Box 332 Centerville, Iowa 52544 301 North Memorial Dr. St. I*ouis, Mo. 63102 Copper: Sec I-cad. iodine iconsumers): Hollman-Tair, Inc................................ West Bennett ltd. Springfield, Mu. 65*00 Interstate Chemical Co., Inc........... 501 Santa Ke Kansas City. Mo. 64102 Mallinckrodt Chemical Works. ... 3600 North Second St. SL Louis, Mo. 63147 Iron nre: Meramec Mining Co........................... Route 4 Sullivan, M. 630*0 Pilot K nob Pellet Co................... .. Box 26 Jrunton, Mo 6365n Lead: Cuminco American. Inc..................... Box 430 Salem, Mo. 65560 Missouri Lead Operating Co. for Boss, Mu. 65440 ..... Amax Lead and Homestak*- Lead Co. of \1u. Ozark Lead Co.................... ................. Sweetwater, Mo. 63GH0 Mine and plant. Callaway, Monroe, Montgomery. ............ do................. Pike. ............ do............. Franklin, Gasconade. ... .do..............Audrain, Callaway, Gasconade, Lincoln, Montgomery, Su Charles, Warren. ....do........ Audrain, Callaway, Gasconade, Montgomery, Osage, Warren. ____ do................. Cape Girardeau. ____ do_________ Livingston. ___do................. Jackson, SL Louis. ____ do....................Callaway, Gasconade, Monroe. ____ do.................Ralls. . .. .do................ Audrain, Montgomery. Strip mine_____ Callaway. ............ do...... ...........Vernon. ____ do................. Putnam. ____ do...... ...........Boone, Henry, Macon, Randolph. Plant................... Greene. ____ do.................Jackson. ....do______ .St. Louis. Underground Washington, mint*. _____do.................iron. ____do....................... ...do____________ P Do. .do........ Reynolds. St. Joe Mineral : *rp................... . Bonne Terre, Mu. G362*.......................... .do....... Crawford, Iron, Reynolds, St. Francois, Washington. i. ' - ' 15196803 A-131 TABLE A-41. Continued) Commodity and company Address Type ol activity County Ash Grove Cement Co___ ........ 1000 Ten Main Center Kansas City, Mo. 64105 Marblehead lime Co............ 300 West Washington Chicago, 1U. 60606 Mississippi lime Co............. 7 Alby St. Alton, III. 62002 Valley Dolomite Curp................ 915 Olive Sc - St. Louis, Mo. 63101 Perlite: J. J. Uruuk& Cu__ ........ .... IS$7 South Kingshighwuy Ulvd. St. lwouis. Mo. 4*3116 Hoofing granules; GAP Carp ..................... Boa 278 Annapolis, Mo. C3620 Plant................... Greene. ____ do................. Marlon. ____ do_________ Ste. Genevieve. ....do,....... St. Francois. Extending plant. St- Lnuia. Plant.................... Iron. Eureka Sand A Gravel Co....------ RC 1, Bo* 77 Stationary......... St. Lout*. Eureka, Mo. 63035 Holliday Sand A Gravel Co.............. 6811 West 63r<l St. Dredge................ Various. Overland Park, Kanx. 64*202 Mississippi River Sand A Matl. Co. 650 Rimetlale Stationary and Sc Louis. Sc ItAUis, Mo. 63112 dredge. Missouri Aggregates, Ine.................. 801 South I.indl*erg St. Stationary......... Do. Su Louts, Mo. 63100 Missouri Gravel Co................ ............ 313 16lh St. Dredge................ Lewis. Moline. 111. 61266 Norbroeo, Inc....... ................. ............. P.O. Box 414 ____ do_________ Sc Louis. Hazelwood, Mo. 63042 PPG Industries, Ine............................ 1 Gateway (-enter Stationary------- Jeflereon. Pittsburgh, Pu. 15219 Pennsylvania Glass Sand Carp------ Berkeley Springs, ____ do............. Sc Louis, Sc W. Va. 25411 Charles. Riverside Sand A Dredging........... 5000 Bussen ltd. Dredge________ SC Louis. St. Louis, Mo. 63129 St. Charles Sand Co_________ ______ RC 1. Bos 253 Stationary......... Do. Bridgeton, Mo. 63042 Stewart Sand & Material Co. __ 4049 Pennsylvania Ave. ____ do_________ Jackson. Kansas City, Mu. 64111 Taylor Sand A Gravel Co................. Caruthersville, Mo. 63830............ . Dredge................ Pemiscot, New Madrid. Welton A Gray Gravel Co................ IU. 4, Ave. Mo. 6560X................... . Portable--------- Douglas. Winter Bros. Material Co. .............. 13098 Gravoix Rd. Stationary......... SC laouis. St. Louis, Mo. 63127 Silver: Set l<ead. Stone: Brown Quarries............ .................... .. Washington, Mo. 68090................ Quarry................ Various. Bussen Quarries, Ine........................... 5000 Uu*en Hd. .. .do____ .... Jefferson, St. Louis, Mo. 4*3129 SC Louis. Dundee Cement Co............................. P.O. Boa 317 ___do............... SC Louis. Dundee, Mich. 4X131 Gordon Bros. Quarries, Inc.............. Forest City, Mo. 64451. . ______ Holt. Mississippi LimeCo............................ 7 Alby St. ____ do___ ..... Ste. Genevieve. Alton. III. 62002 Missouri Portland Cement Cu......... 7751 Canmdelet Ave. ____ do_________ Jackson, St. St. Iamix, Mo. 63105 leOUIS. River Cement Company.................... Festus, Mo. 4*3028....................... .... _______ do................. Jefferson. Vigus Quarries, Inc.............................. 7929 Alabama Ave. ____ do___ _____ Jefferson, St. St. Iuis, Mo. 6.1111 Louis West I*ake Quarry A Material Co. Rt. 1, Box 2(Mi, Tau*i^ Rd, ____ do_________ SC Louis, Bridgeton, Mo. 63042 ScotC Tripoli: The Carborundum Co., American Seneca. Mo. 64865 ............ .. . Mill...................... Newton. Tripoli Div. Vermiculite: W. R. Grace & Co., Zonoliio Div.. 62 Whitlemore Ave, Exfoliating SC Louis. Cambridge, Mass. 01109 plant. Zinc: See l<ead. .i v-v. 5: .'"i' ' f; . :\ T' i !' ( ..v- 15196804 t** Source References (125) Geologic Map of Missouri, M. H. McCracke, 1961, Missouri Division of Geological Survey and Water Resources, Rolla, Missouri. (126) Mineral and Water Resources of Missouri, Volume XLI11, Second Series, 1967, Senate Document Mo. 19 (Numerous authors), U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (127) The Mineral Industry of Missouri J. P. Ryan and J. A. Martin, 1971, D. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook. A-133 Montana Montana is divisible physiographically into three roughly parallel, northwestward-trending regions. Each region comprises about one-third of the state as shown in Figure A-31. The western third of Montana forms the eastern part of the Northern Rocky Mountains and is the district of principal interest to this study. This region is characterized by deeply dissected mountain uplands separated by intermontane basins. The mountains have been carved by erosion from rocks that have been uplifted and in many places intensely folded and faulted. The southern half of the region has been invaded by granitoid igneous rocks, the two principal bodies being the Idaho batholith south of Missoula and the Boulder batholith south of Missoula and the Boulder botholith between Helena and Butte. Volcanic activity in the region has resulted in lava flows, beds of agglomerate and tuff, and small intrusive rock bodies. The eastern border of the Northern Rocky Mountains is marked by a 10- to 30-mile wide strip that is distinguished by severe deformation in consequence of overthrust faulting (called the Disturbed Belt). The region to the east of the Rocky Mountains is known as the Great Plains Province or Missouri Plateau Region. This area is characterized by a se-ies of isolated mountain ranges rising abruptly from the extensive plains. Some of the mountain ranges are formed as a result of block faulting; others by the intrusion of igneous stocks or laccolithic masses; still others are the remmants of volcanic*piles. The eastern third of Montana is devoid of mountains and except along the west flank of the Cedar Creek anticline (Dawson, Prairie, Fallon, and Wibaux Counties along the eastern border of ' :-ntana). the strata are nearly flat-lying. The eastern third of Montana -d th centrally located Great Plains Region are of less interest to the .irre-.t study since the bulk of the mining activity and the chief occurrence or a .ohiboie minerals are found in the westernmost third of Montana. The center of the metallic and nonmetallic (exclusive of fossil rials) mineral production in Montana is in the Rocky Mountain Region and r<ecific.:lly in the counties of Deer Lodge, Granite, Ravalli, Beaverhead, Silver Bow, Madison, Jefferson, Powell, and Lewis and Clark. Important 15196806 \POCir. \MOUNTAIN \REGION GREAT PLAINS or MISSOURI PLATEAU REGION \ FLAT \ STRATIGRAPHIC \ REGION A-134 o FIGURE A - 3 1 . MAJOR GEOLOGICAL REGIONS OF MONTANA A-135 production of selected commodities also is reported from Lincoln, Mineral, i'.c Flathead Counties. In these counties of interest there are numerous favorable geologic formations for the occurrence of the amphibole minerals and related metamorphosed rocks. For example, the southern counties of Beaverhead, Madison, and Gallatin, have extensive deposits of talc, fibrous amphibole minerals, and chrysotile. The occurrence sites are marked on the detail map of the Rocky Mountain Region (Figures A-32) and described in Table A-42. Amphibole asbestos was formerly mined in Gallatin County. However, the current intentional production of the metamorphic minerals is confined to the talc operations of Madison County. Talc from this area is in the highly metamorphosed rocks of the Cherry Creek Group, formed from serpentinized doloimitic marble. Some of the talc occurrences are quite pure,whereas others contain impurities. Of greater importance to this study is the reported occurrence of large quantities of amphibole asbestos (tremolite) associated with the Vermiculite production near Libby, Lincoln County. The crude ore here which is milled at the open pit mine site, is the principal source of vermiculite in the United States. Consequently, considerable tonnages of ore are worked in this operation. The occurrence of fibrous amphibole minerals in association with thu metallics being produced in the Rocky Mountain mining area is not reported. The considerable production from the area as described in Table A-43. combined with the occurrence of faborable geologic conditions, would appear to make the area worthy of further specific investigation. 15196808 ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Glacier National Park A-136 GREAT PLAINS or MISSOURI PLATEAU REGION ^ Asbestos occurrence ) Talc rock occurrence FTCURE A-32. ASRSST-'S AMD TALC ROCK OCCALR.-A Ci: IK WESTER. MONTANA 15196809 A-137 TABLE A-42. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN MONTANA Asbestos Lincoln County 1. Libby (Rainy Creek). Brittle tremolite asbestos associated with - vermicullte In dikellke massea In pyraxenite. 48*37' 113*35' Gallatin County 2. Karst Resort. WoodlUte fiber anthophylllte In altered perldoclte dikes In Precsmbrlsn schist and gneiss. 43*21' 111*11' "Madison County 3. CUff Lake (Montbestos, Little MUe Creek). Chrysoctle asbes tos in limestone similar to Arizona deposits. 44*46* 111*23' Beaverhead County 4. Anderson deposit. 44 42' 113 01' Chrysotile asbestos in Precambrian dolomite Talc Dilloo-Ennii district. Deposits consist of calc rock associated with and derived from dolomitic locks of the Cherry Creek Saies, of Pttcambtiin age. Perry, 1948. 1. Ltusche mine. 43*15* 113*21' 2. Treasure. Beaverhead, and Brown mines; 45*14* 112*18' Whitney and Ruby View prospects 5. ICeyitone and Sweetwater mines. 45*10* 112*23* 4. SmidvDillon mine. 45*07* 112*52* 5. Estelle mine. 45*07' 112*18* & Perms No. 1 and Petrus No. 2 prospect 45*06* 112*01' 7. Yellowstone (Johnny Gulch) mine 45*04' 111*44* 8. Helena occurrence 46 32 ' 11 (Locailities are given in terms of North Latitude and West Longitude' 15196810 | TABLE A -4 3 . PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN MONTANA A-138 t s c CO SI 5 > <3 c55 t' &* If N o>- - I 2 I ! (5 lain I i O.S c I i||8 nS t3J S% o. ?iSaS =C= z SSI g& S O' o 4!^ :z c 5>*e o 6*5 A *3 :sllp 5SJS r**i i m*S*! * _ca >, D?o0.SOOt-OS wC>C'TtJ> sos * OT w -- s -r S S<J? o &&* w|gSz6 25s aaoSuannoKS t . < OE11*s5S3As is,SES^* EE 5!ll 3Sf O(--OC.ZT|Zg^tO2C-O.Ssmu. CmOOCQ elg"* " M 35 et Vl lit I g *|s iQC5-. ! Sciiii.-" oIc.'SS EX fi^ixE uu*, 5g 0PC0 8So p *3 cX a c J Z c nU i .1-.c >tg ^ t~A 1 B s>.-. a-j. xe "i,"s2k Is = sr Y* i JS u i JS O O s v = Ma T^ S3s HiwE^ W t E ~ u*c ~t5 c EJ.<.E< <8 t 2X-EE Si u 41 o f5c 5 Is 2 TJ "5 11 <55 2 E* E lb o SJ! h St 6 p ez c S O 09txE E 4 o E * D i Is U x1 I Tj IZ Vbu. ;gs 4. 1 ` <2*2fcS i *- * .. a E II 1| SI u ft *Su O 5 -so . -tC'H!* os oic r- _>5 Cw_) ri-i u Au-AueSS O i^ oo C- -- e O *3 'i ;>t.'?E .' * a c * ~ | E i'Cufi =: o ir, -r -KE=t-f-trjrtS*oSc*jsc-. ^ zz . :z E s5 .. c E8 Z2 6 <2 jrcNS*0a" i|i Ut =DO TI " SI: Jcait-*C-:*:-2SJrC-5C.c-t*-zc3..f---A;t.i7?cShfr'If5 * r3 'cZ Jrzn.--r-t.*t=t _^*: ~r Z X.Z-^ ^ c_ or: I eJoi C c-- rt :' ^X iCf cc cc - i 7 = -; ? E ou.5iOo`-oo. c^ *l Ic C J.< Eo O mo ctH C < H c or; SfE.|E1:- CXb E .1 li is b AA ^ t-- cx. ^ --J! -9- rsC-S"X lJ2: m li -- .= ?1- c^ =: f c C u: y = a. ^ cS l I 56 f^ *OJ:`rH ?llCOH KO 1*1CT) rH IO rH OT C6t0i cMOo *f-dt AJ O cCd *H uVa4 >> o o4c5oJ QcJ* O *c-4d ^^d PQ <u* o c0d) *-i cx >0<) C0O) ox oAcooJ O 0) cd > H -- p o0 0 *H O cd O --< Ci4 O O cc cd 0 r-4 * f~l cd c tu cd r--( 0) O CO P 0 U-{ 60 -c 0 H CO c C <L> cd H -( A-< AJ X <D C 0 PP O oz u p -- CJ AJ H HH T~-< O O 0P> c: AJ 0) CO O CO --4 CL O 0) O CO 0 Cd CO d o cd *TD *: d 60 cd d 0 H 0 CO QJ U-( co *0 (D cd t-4 0 u cd O co 0 P cd u CL O Source References A-139 (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H.W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (128) Geologic Map of Montana, C. P. Ross, et al., prepared in cooperation with Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, USGS Map MR-2235. (129) Reported Occurrences of Selected Minerals in Montana, B. B. Bentley and C. D. Mowatt, 1967, USGS Map MR-50. (130) Mineral and Water Resources of Montana, Senate Document No. 98, A. E. Weissenborn, et al., 1968, USGS in cooperation with Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. (131) Directory of Mining Enterprises for 1972, Bulletin 88, D. C. Lawson, 1973, Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology, Butte, Montana 59701. (132) The Mineral Industry of Montana, J. R. Welch, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. IS^96812 A-140 Nebraska There is no mining presently being conducted in Nebraska in the metamorphic horizon. The general geology of the state is sedimentary deposits overlapping igneous bedrock as shown in Figure A-33. Much of the state is covered with unconsolidated sediments of the Pleistocene age. Most of the mining being done in Nebraska is quarrying for limestone, sand, and gravel. Some potential metallic mineral occurrence is present in the eastern part of the state. There are no reported fibrous minerals in the state. The principal mining activity is listed in Table A-44. Source References (123) Mineral Resources Map, R. R. Burchett, Nebraska Geological Survey Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 1973. (134) Directory of Nebraska Quarries, Pits and Mines, R. R. Burchett, Nebraska Geological Survey Resource Report No. 5, 1971. (135) The Mineral Industry of Nebraska, R. R. Burchett and T. C. Briggs, Bureau of Minerals Yearbook, 1972. 3 FIGURE A -3 3 . GEOLOGIC BEDROCK MAP OF NEBRASKA A-142 TABLE A 44. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN NEBRASKA County Cass Nuckolls Cass Jefferson Otoe Lancaster Morrill and Scotts Bluff Lincoln Company and Address_____________________ Commodity Ash Grove Cement Company 1000 Tenmain Center Kansas City, Missouri 64105 Cement Ideal Cement Company Div. Ideal Basic Industries, 420 Ideal Cement Building Denver, Colorado 80202 Inc. Cement Ash Grove Cement Company 1000 Tenmain Center Kansas City, Missouri 64105 Clays Endicott Clay Products Company Endicott, Nebraska 68350 Clays Western Brick & Aggregate Company Box 1141 Nebraska City, Nebraska 68410 Clays Yankee Hill Brick Manufacturing Co. Route 1 Lincoln, Nebraska 68502 Clays Great Western Sugar Company Subsidiary of Great Western United Corporation Box 5308 Denver, Colorado 80217 Lime LaRue Axtell Pumice Company Callaway, Nebraska 68825 Pumice Butler, Hall, Pierce, Madison, Platte, and Jefferson Central Sand & Gravel Company Box 626 Columbus, Nebraska 68601 Cuming Consolidated Sand and Gravel Corp. 712 D Street Fairbury, Nebraska 68352 Cuming Hank Stalp Gravel Company Box 6 West Point, Nebraska 68788 Douglas and Dodge Hartford Sand & Gravel Company Box 571 Valley, Nebraska 68064 Sand & Gravel (commercial) Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel 15196815 A-143 TABLE A-44 (continued) County Company and Address Cass, Dodge Lyman-Richey Sand & Gravel Corp. Douglas, 4315 Cuming Street Morrill, Platte, Omaha, Nebraska 68131 Sarpy, and Saunders Douglas McCann Sand & Gravel Company Valley, Nebraska 68064 Merrick Overland Sand & Gravel Company 22 Main Street Stromberg, Nebraska 68666 Cass and Saunders Western Sand & Gravel Company Box 268 Lincoln, Nebraska 68501 Buffalo Carl W. Whitney 1402 Ninth Avenue Kearney, Nebraska 68847 Saunders Wolf Sand and Gravel Company Morse Bluff, Nebraska 68648 Cass Ash Grove Cement Company 1000 Tenmain Center Kansas City, Mirrouri 64105 Gage Behrens Construction Company P.0. Box 188 Beatrice, Nebraska 68310 Thurston Washington, Cass, Nemaha, Pawnee, and Saunders Cass Fort Calhoun Stone Company 1255 South Street Blair, Nebraska 68008 Hopper Brothers Quarries Weeping Water, Nebraska 68483 Kerford Limestone Company Box 434 Weeping Water, Nebraska 68483 United Rock Construction, Inc. 1117 Woodman of the World Building Omaha, Nebraska 68102 Commodity Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel Sand & Gravel Stone Stone Stone Stone 15196816 Stone Stone A-144 Nevada Almost all of Nevada lies within the Basin and Range Province, a region characterized by isolated, elongate, subparallel mountain ranges and broad.intervening valleys or basins. Most of the mountain ranges trend north or northeast and many are rather regularly spaced about 20 miles apart. They are 40 to 80 miles long and from 5 to 15 miles wide at their bases. The intervening basins are filled to their flatness level with the mountain wastes. The Cordilleran geosyncline formed in Nevada in late Precambrian time. Deposition started in the central part of the trough and extended progressively eastward. The deposits tend to be clastic to the west and in the earlier deposition strata. Later deposits tend to be carbonates and are transitional to volcanics to the west. In late Devonian time, the Antler Orogemy (see the map figure for location) signaled a mountain building era in north central Nevada which culminated in the eastward movement of great thrust plates. The great Roberts Mountains thrust developed along which masses of siliceous and volcanic rocks rode eastward over limestones and dolomitesi While the submerged leading edge of the plate was being blanketed by sediments, higher parts to the west were being eroded. Following the Antler Orogeny a subdued period of sedimentation followed which in turn was followed by the Sonoma Orogemy in north-central Nevada during Permian time. During early and middle Mesozoic time, marine sediments and volcanics were again deposited to be followed by still another mountain building period characterized by great thrust faults and intricate folding. The Sierra Nevada batholith probably came near surface at this time. Cretaceous sediments indicate deposition above or near sea level. The Laramide Revolution ; carted before the end of the Cretaceous period and this mountain building period again resulted in thrusting and folding of the Paleozoic strata. The segmentation of the earth's crust into huge blocks which characterize the present appearance of the Basin and Range Province began with the volcanism of late Cenozoic time. Blocks of rock, bounded by normal faults, and either raised or tilted along these faults, have been sculptured to form the mountain ranges and sediments accumulated between ranges to form A-145 the flat-floored basins. In parts of Nevada, the process of block faulting is still continuing. The movement is principally vertical but lateral movement of blocks is pronounced in some localities. The mineral deposits of Nevada are distributed in a major pattern controlled by stratigraphic and structural relationships. Host of the mineral deposits are related to intrusive rocks. Many deposits are alined along belts that trend northwestward, or east-west, or northeastward as indicated in Figure A-34. In part, ore-forming solutions probably were directly associated with the intrusive magmas and in part they may have risen along the same channelways that were earlier followed by magma. Ore bodies were formed within and around the channelways and the vicinity rock was highly altered. Sedimentary rocks adjacent to the intrusives usually show several degrees of transformation due to the various replacement and thermal efforts and depending on the nature of the intmded and intrusive rocks. In some mining districts, the fibrous amphibole minerals including tremolite and actinolite are described in the mineral suites accompanying ore minerals. However, for the most part, these minerals are not described in association with the ore minerals which seems peculiar since the conditions for the genesis of the fibrous amphiboles would appear to be extremely favorable in many mining areas. Nevada is one of the big metallic mineral producers. Copper is the leading value metal recovered, with gold, silver, lead, zinc, iron, mercury, tungsten, and molybdenum following. Western Nevada contains the major gold, silver, tungsten, antimony, mercury, and iron deposits. Eastern Nevada contains the major lead and zinc deposits with associated gold and silver deposits. Copper deposits and the above metallics are for the most part concentrated in the central part of Nevada in the trend bands described as mining districts as illustrated on the map figure. This is not to say that production is located exclusively in such areas since almost every county has some metallic mineral production. A variety of nonmetallic minerals also are produced in Nevada as indicated by the county by county commodity description in Table A-45. Asbestos is not found in Nevada in deposits of economic importance. Talc has been taken from Esmeralda County, in amounts up to 15,000 tons per year, from the Palmetto-Oasis area as described in the map figure and in more detail 15196818 A-146 Palmetto-Oasis Tale . District Roberts Mts. Thrust Fault Overriding S Origin Plate O Mineral Belts Mountain City 3. Lynn- Railroad 5. Lovelock-Austin 7 Palion-Manhatten S. PiocheBelt 2. Iron Belt Cherry Creek Belt 6. Battle Mtn.-Eureka Belt 8- Ely Belt Virginia City-Ton0pah Self FIGURE A-34 MINERAL DEPOSITS IN NEVADA A-147 Table A-45. Value of mineral production In Nevada, by county (Thousands) County Cum City >________________ ......... Churehlll... ............... Clark............................................. . .....DougUi................... Elko......................................................... Esmeralda........................... Eureka.............. ...... Humboldt-----------'--------------- Lander_______________ _______ Lincoln_______________________ ......... Lyon--------------------------------------- Miaoral.. ....... .......... Nye.................. 4........................... Pershing... ............... Storey________________________ .......... Washoe.. ................ White Pine................................. Undistributed ........_____ 1970 W w 684 2.982 W 336 W 6,467 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value W 3102 16,689 W 490 2.603 8,866 816 23,722 482 62,407 23 2,034 5,991 W 2.911 43.992 3,741 Pumice, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, salt, tungsten. Sand and gravel, lime, stone, gypsum, line, lead, silver, tungsten, copper. Iron ore, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, barite, gold, silver, lead, stone, tungsten, copper, sine. Lithium, diatom!te. days. Gold, iron ore, sand and gravel, atone, mercury, silver, lead, copper, sine. Sand and gravel, mercury, silver, gold, tungsten, copper, lead, sine. Copper, gold, barite, silver, sand and gravel, antimony. Stone, sand and gravel, pyrites, perlite, fluorspar, copper, stiver, lead, pumice, sine, gold. Copper, cement, stone, petroleum, sand and gravel, aiatomile, days. Sand and gravel, stone, mercury. Magnesite, fluorspar, sand and gravel, bnicite, pumice, mercury, days, tungsten, atone. Diatomite, gypsum, iron ore, perlite, copper, mer cury, sand and gravel, antimony, tungsten, clays. Diatomite. pumice. Sand and gravel, pumice, clays, stone. Copper, gold, lime, diver, molybdenum, sand and gravel, atone, lead, sine, days. Total*........................................ *186.345 164,774 > Reviaed. W Withheld to .void diadoeinf indlvidiud company confidential d.ta; inducted with "Undistributed.** < Independent city; formerly listed as Ormsby County. , * Includes gem stones, gold (19701, lead (1970), mercury, silver (1970), tungsten, and sine (1970) that cannot be assigned to spedtie counties and values indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. TABLE A-46. NEVADA TALC OCCURRENCE Palmetto-Oasis district. Deposits consist of talc rock associ ated with and derived from sedimentary rocks, chiefly . dolomite; in some deposits some of the talc is derived from quartzite. The deposits are similar to those of the Inyo Range-Panamint Range district. 1. Nevada Talc and Nevada No. 1 mines 373l' 117*46' 2. Mae Talc, High Ridge, Shaw, White 3729' 117*44' Eagle Nos. 1 and 2, Emma, Laura Bell, and Camp View mines. 3. Oasis, Roseamelia, Reed, White Eagle, 37*26' 117*45' White Swan, and Oversight mines. 4. White Cloud No. 1, Hideout and Cowhide, Mac Boyles Blue, White King, Sunny Side, Paramount, Alta, Lone Springs, Belle, and White Bird mines. 37*25' 117*43' 5. Tamarack and Log Spring mines 37*24' 117*30' 15196820 (Location Given in Terms of North Latitude and West Longitude) A-148 in Table A-46. The high quality talc in the Oasis mine originates as an alteration of the footwall dolomite in relation to a thrust fault. In the granitic rock of the hanging wall, are bodies of green chloritic material which is called "blue talc" by the miners. Tremolite, actinolite, and anthophylite may be associated with talc deposits. While much talc was mined from the Oasis District in the past, no production was reported in 1971. The current status of talc production from Nevada is unknown. As mentioned previously, both metallic and nonmetallic minerals are produced in abundance from the Nevada strata. The principal producers of these commodities are described in Table A-47. Source References (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington,.1962, USGS Map MR-31. (136) Preliminary Geologic Map of Esmeralda County, Nevada, J. P. Albers and J. H. Stewart, 1965, U.S.G.S. Field Studies Map MF-298. (137) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Mineral County, Nevada, Bulletin 58, 1970, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada, 89507. (138) Geology and Mineral Resources of Clark County, Nevada, Bulletin 62, 1965, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada, 89507. (L39) Geology and Mineral Resources of Eureka County, Nevada, Bulletin 64, 1967, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada 89507. (140) Geology and Mineral Deposits of Lyon, Douglas, and Ormsby Counties, Nevada, Bulletin 75,- 1969, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada 89507. (141) Geology and Mineral Resources of Washoe and Storey Counties, Nevada, Bulletin 70, 1970, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Reno, Nevada 89507. (142) Oxidized Zinc Districts in California and Nevada, A. V. Heyl and C. N. Boyion, 1964, U.S.G.S. Map MR-39. 143) Mineral and Water Resources of Nevada, V. A. Cammarota, Jr., 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196821 A-149 |4i ^ III ii i ii| CT snoi I - I2 i is S|M| e2?s2. l .j p i 2i gi i ilfid if $ it t ou < 3 Ee s il 3 11 4i 5i Mil *U 5 j 84 fl] H j jrf ^ if i ai i .3 ; mu *3 c a-S IJ i] & E [ z> iui1 II => o* a a* 38 C 3I l?S?$2 1=1vJ I z S838 ;| s ^ Z-*~ s 5i,:3s: "= : JfiJiS 51 k o?dcies L> fc*. !>.&.>- * is ixss> t, e-- o<* c~n*5 *6uJtc6J?a"2 zt. W5v 6tsi*-ei ;8o2i.--* --|. V*W,O.^*.rW* 2^* e*sf5o$?5iots;6i ss? it* nV3^x' w\> ~acs-r=3:-sr2s>. m 36 *o g%Sa* -e2g* *c*a^>22..:S'S*-Z^22*. ti'-- ,,j3 s|?* ^5 eErr>tkoc F">"s Up s^,,9t..;eo1sxo j:1I:*s*. lnSieif3wt. wsi!i, S- KS^O|s jBeiEec- C1i!5a CJ25<* O=? afl* Smu bu :d t-S ei2 s m U <3t 9 < . ..8 i r a*.S3 , il P SB I I <3 al cU * :.i!t t* c *2 or I J i? 5i1 &~ai,b t 1 S =* C ^.*; J5 uext c 1 lUili K e Q2|u = s- T <3 2 *e *: t*O8fO*t 9 3 3 i] E ua P 5 t> SE ? i f uj 59 v Ji 1 ik2 n 2 1 3 ;1 ie M V 15196822 A-150 New Hampshire Metamorphic rocks are found to occur in every county of New Hampshire. The Devonian and older sedimentary and volcanic rocks in this site have been regionally metamorphosed. The grade of metamorphism differs considerably, from the chlorite zone at one extreme to the sillimanite zone at the other. For descriptive purposes the rocks have been assigned to five zones: the chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, and sillimanite zones. These are, respectively, more or less the equivalents of the following subfacies in the facies classification: chlorite-muscovite, chlorite-biotlte, chloritoid-almandite, staurolite-kyanite, and sillimanite-almandite subfacies. The regional metamorphism thus greatly complicates the description of the rocks. Conceivably, each formation might appear in all five of the meta morphic zones. For structural reasons this happens in only a few instances, and most formations appear in only a few of the zones. The Mississippian (?) volcanic rocks are younger than the regional metamorphism. They have probably been involved in some contact metamorphism, but apparently they have not undergone much change in mineralogy. Vast quantities of plutonic rocks have been emplaced in the sedi mentary and volcanic rocks. The metamorphic rocks typically appear in the form of slates, phyllites, schists, gneisses, quartzites, marbles, and serpentines. Soap stone has been found specifically in Grafton, Merrimack, Hillsborough, and Cheshire Counties. Refer to Table A-48 and Figure A-35 for geographical locations and nature of these deposits. The amphibole minerals, actiholite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and occasionally crocidolite are found in widely scattered occurrences in New : ;pshi: e although no commercial exploitation of these asbestiform materials reported. The current quarrying activities in the state are summarized in Table A-49. There are no production activities for metallics which are found _ ^efly in the western counties of Grafton, Sullivan, and Cheshire. 151^6823 \ / / >. A-151 TABLE A-48 SOAPSTONE DEPOSITS IN NEW HAMPSHIRE Deposits consist of soapstone probably associated with ultramafic or mafic igneous rocks. Grafton County 1. Page quarry 44 07 * 71 59' 0 CM IS 2. Cottonstone Mountain quarry 43 55' 06' 3. Orfordville prospects 43 54' 72 04' 4. Orfordville quarry 43 52' 72 06' Merrimack County 5. Unnamed quarry 43 19' 71 35' 6. Hodgdon quarry 43 15' 71 45' Hillsborough County 7. Hodgdon quarry 43 03' 71 46' 8. Francestown Soapstone Company Quarry 43 00' 71 47' Cheshire County 9. Richmond quarry 42 45' 72 13' Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724 (3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (144) Geologic Map of New Hampshire, M. P. Billings, 1955, New Hampshire Mines and Prospects, T. R. Meyers and G. W. Stewart, 1955, in The Geology of New Hampshire. ,145) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in New Hampshire, Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Grave, and Peat, N.C. Pearre and J. A. Calkins, 1957, USGS Map MR-6. /'146) The Geology of New Hampshire, Part III, Minerals and Mines, 1956, T. R. Meyers and G. W. Stewart, Department of Resources and Economic Development, Concord, New Hampshire. (147) The Geology of New Hampshire, Part II - Bedrock Geology, M. P. Billings, Department of Resources and Economic Development, Concord, N.H. vl48) The Mineral Industry of New Hampshire, A. H. Reed, U.S. Bureau of Mines1 Minerals Yearbook. 15196824 25 Milts A-152 Metarnorphic rocks Soapstone occurrences O Crocidolite FIGURE A-35. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN NEW HAMPSHIRE 15l968'z5> A-153 TABLE A-49. CURRENT QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN NEW HAMPSHIRE County Belknap CarrollCheshire Coos Grafton Hillsborough Merrimack Rockingham Strafford Sullivan Commodity Sand and gravel Sand and gravel Sand and gravel Sand and gravel Clay, sand and gravel, crushed stone Sand and gravel, dimension granite, crushed quartz Sand and gravel, dimension granite Clay, sand and gravel, crushed stone Clay, sand and gravel None 15196826 A-154 New Jersey In New Jersey, metamorphic rocks appear in eight counties as indicated in Figure A-36. Talc rock derived from Precambrian dolomite occurs near Phillipsburg in Warren County. Mining for zinc ore has taken place in Sussex County from the famous Franklin-Sterling Hill deposits. In this location gneisses of various origins and crystalline limestone, all of Precambrian age, are cut by minor masses of granite pegmatites and a few basic dikes. Enclosed in the limestone are the ore bodies generally ranging from 10 to 100 feet thick. The principal ores, granular franklinite. willemite, and zincite occur concentrated in bands in a calcite gangue or matrix. The altered rock is famous for its abundance of mineral species many of which are unique to the area. However, many common mineral species also are present including several of the amphiboles in asbestiform and chrysotile. The asbestiform minerals are not present in abundance in this area, however, and they have not been reported from elsewhere in the metamorphic rocks and New Jersey. The current quarrying activities in the eight-county area of New Jersey where metamorphic rocks occur are summarized in Table A-50. Source Reference (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (149) The Minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, N.J., A. S. Wilkerson, 1962, (includes Geologic Map of New Jersey, 1959) Bulletin 65, New Jersey Geological Survey, Trenton, New Jersey. (150) Geologic Map of New Jersey, J. V. Lewis and H. B. Kummel, 1912, Revised by M. E. Johnson, 1950, Atlas Sheet No. 40, New Jersey Department of Conservation and Economic Development. (151) The mineral Industry of New Jersey, D. C. Winiger, 1971, U.S. Bureau cf Mines' Mineral Yearbook. 15196827 A-05 FIGURE A-36. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN NEW JERSEY A-156 TABLE A-50. QUARRYING ACTIVITY IN NEW JERSEY County Bergen Hunterdon Mercer Morris Passaic Somerset Sussex Warren Quarrying Activity None Crushed and broken granite, sandstone, crushed and broken traprock (basalt) Crushed and broken traprock (basalt) Sand and gravel, crushed and broken granite Crushed and broken granite, crushed and broken traprock (basalt) Clay, crushed and broken traprock (basalt) Crushed and broken granite, crushed limestone Sand and gravel 15196829 A-157 New Mexico The state of New Mexico may be divided somewhat arbitrarily into four physiographic provinces: Colorado Plateaus in the west, the southern Rocky Mountains and the Basin and Range Province in central New Mexico, and the Great Plains Province which comprises the eastern third of the state. Although not shown on Figure A-37, the provinces are further subdivided into sections on the basis of the principal land forms. The southern Rocky Mountains Province includes only a relatively small part of New Mexico and is generally considered as terminating at the southern end of the Sangre de Christo Range (east range) and the Nacimiento Mountains (west range). However, a succession of mountain ranges of not greatly dissimilar geologic features continues southward from the Rocky Mountain ranges, in a roughly north-south alignment, to the southern border of New Mexico. These ranges, though separated by much wider deeply alleviated valleys, in the aggregate form a belt 50 to 100 miles wide from east to west that in a borad sense divides the plateau, lava, and canyon lands in the western part of the state from the plains and areas of generally lower topographic relief of the eastern part. The rocks in New Mexico range in age from Precambrian to recent, but few Precambrian formations are exposed. The Precambrian rocks reveal that sedimentary processes were dominent in the early history of this area although there are some volcanic deposits. During Paleozoic times, New Mexico apparently was in low relief and there was intermittent encroachment of the sea. Also, there was low-grade regional warping of.the strata. The uplifting during late Paleozoic time resulted in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains vhieh highland contributed sediments from central New Mexico to adjoining 'isins Another quiet period followed but the uplift was rejuvenated during tertiery time. Regional uplift accompanied by folding and local thrust faulting as th dominant tectonic activity in late Cretaceous and early Tertiary .ime. As early as Oligocene time, tensional stress resulted in normal faulting and widespread volcanic activity. During late Tertiary time, most of the mountains and basins that are part of the present landscape of New 15196830 A-158 FIGURE A-37. PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NEW MEXICO AND ASBESTOS OCCURRENCE $ > A-159 Mexico were formed. Intrusion of igneous rock from magmas formed many of the currently well-known mountains. Magmatic differentiation of the igneous rocks during igneous intrusion resulted in the formation of pegmatites and other concentrations of minerals. Contact metamorphic deposits were formed along the margins of intrusions. Faults, fissures, and folds in the strata resulted in mineral concentration. The general trend of the mineral concentration in New Mexico is from the north-central part of the state southwestward to the southwest corner, chiefly within the Basin and Range Province. The major metallic deposits in New Mexico, copper, gold, silver, lead, and zinc, follow this general occurrence pattern as shown for copper and gold occurrences in Figure A-38. Fibrous amphibole minerals are not described as being associated with metallic minerals although in many sites, the conditions are favorable for their genesis. Minor metal production has come from the contact metasomatic deposits. The occurrence of asbestos desposits are extremely rare in New Mexico. Asbestos deposits are reported from an area in Catron County as shown on Figure A-37. Ricolite, a banded talc serpentinite, is reported in southwestern Grant County. The Ricolite, which has been mined inter mittently for decorative, stone, consists of alternating bands of talc and serpentine, and has flakes of chlorite, fracture fillings of calcite, and quartz, and cross-fiber veins of chrysotile asbestos. Locally, talc pre dominates over serpentine with pure talc pods of several feet in thickness known. However, these are too small to be of commercial importance. Talc has been mined in both Sierra and Dona Ana Counties, however. The Hembrillo and Red Rock Mines have a talc rock derived from dolomite and phyllite at the site marked on Figure A-37. The site is not currently productive 'incr it is within the boundaries of the White Sands Missile Range. Elsewhere in New Mexico, small occurrences of talc have been reported in Taos. Rio Arriba (talc schist), Santa Fe, Socorro, Grant, Eddy, and Lea Counties (with sylvite and halite in potash-bearing beds of Eddy and Lea Counties). The mineral production by county and the mineral producers of New Mexico are given in Tables A-51 and A-52. 15196832 A-160 FIGURE A -3 8 . OCCURRENCE OF COPPER AND GOLD IN NEW MEXICO A-161 t Table .A "51. Value of mineral production in New Mexico, by county (Thouauda) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value Bernalillo__________ ... Catron.............. Cbm________________ Colfax............................... Curry________ _________ .............. Da Baca...__________ Dofla Ana........... Eddy................................. Grant_________________ .............. Guadalupe_____ ...... ............. Harding........................... Hidalgo........................... Lea______________ _____ Lincoln........................... Loe Alamos________... Luna.. ....... ...... McKinlay...................... . Mora............................. Otero_______ ......... .............. Quay................................. Rio Arriba........... Roosavalt.................. Sandoval............ .......... San Juan............ San Miguel___________ ............. Santa Fe............ Sierra_____________.... ........ Socorro............. Taos______ _______ ........Torrance______________ Union.............................. . Valencia........................... Undistributed1..................... w 199,169 wW 2.69S 12S W W W w w 21,826 11,045 w$11,802 12,826 Ww w 699 176,494 168,929 ww 1,575 394,296 w_ _ Camant, sand and travel, sUna, day. Sand and gravel, salt. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, atone. Stone. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and graveL Sand and gravel, pumice, clay, stone. Potassium sslts, petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, salt, stone, sand and graveL Copper, sine, silver, molybdenum, lead, lime, gold, maagaaiferous ore, sand and graveL stone, fluorspar. Sand and travel, atom Carbon dioxide, sand and gravel. Copper, gold, silver, elay, sand and graveL sine. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, atone, sand and graveL Stone, aand and travel. 204 Sand and graveL clay, stone. 71,804 Uranium, natural gas liquids, petroleum, coal, atone, w natural gas, molybdenum, aand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. wW Stone, aand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. 36.563 Natural gas. petroleum, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel, stone, pumice. 18,686 Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel. 2.836 Copper, gypsum, petroleum, natural gsa, sand and gravel, silver, peat, pumice, clay, atone, sine. 93.571 Natural gas. coal, petroleum, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, helium, stone, pumice, uranium, w clay. Sand and gravel, atone. 2,045 Sand and graveL copper, pumice, gold, silver, stone, sine. W Sand and gravel, copper, silver. 61 Sand and gravel, iron ore. 21.105 Molybdenum, perlite, aand and graveL mica, atone. W Sand and graveL W Pumice, sand and gravel. 22,477 Urenium, perlite, eand and graveL stone. 11,809 Total .............................. 1,060,358 1.046,284 1W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed.** Includes gem atones sod vanadium which cannot be assigned to specific counties; and values indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. 15196834 I;'.- A-162 TABLE A-52. PRIHCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN NEW MEXICO Commodity and company Address Carbon dioxide (natural): Schwarts Carbonic Co. Box 9737 El Paso, Tex. 79987 S.E.C. Corp.......................................... ___.do................................. Cement: Ideal Cement Co., a division 420 Ideal Cement Bldf. of Ideal Basic Indiatries, Inc. Denver, Colo. 80202 Claya: El Paso Brick Co................................ Box 12336 El Paso, Tex. 79912 Ideal Cement Co. a division of 420 Ideal Cement Bldg. Ideal Basic Industries, Ine. Denver, Colo. 80202 Kinney Brick Co., Inc.......... Box 1804 Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87108 Coal: Kaiser Steel Coip Box 1107 Raton, N. Max. 87740 The Pittsburg 4c Midway Coal 10 Main Center Mining Co. Kanaas City, Mo. 8410$ Utah Construction 4t Mining Co.. Box 188 PrulUand, N. Mex. 87418 Type of activity County Well and extraction Harding, plant. ____ do.............................. Do. Dry process, 2-rotary- Bernalillo, kiln plant. Open pit mine............. Dofia Ana. ____ do...............................BernalQlo. ____ do............................... Do. Underground mine, crushing plant, dense madia-froth flotation cleaning plant. Strip mine, crushing plant, chemical and water treatment plant. Strip mine, crushing plant, dust suppres sion detergsnt treatment plant. Colfax, McKinley, San Juan, per; Federal Resources Corp-*........ Kennecott Copter Corp., Chino Mines Division.! Phelps Dodge Corp., Tyrone Brsnch.* United States Smelting Refining and Mining Co.1 Fluorspar: Southwest Fluorspar Co... Gypsum: White Men Gypsum Co.... Iron ore: Dotson Minerals Corp............ Lime: Kennecott Copper Corp., Chino Mines Division. Manganiferous ore: Luck Mining Co.. Mica: Mineral Industries Commodi ties of America, Itic. Molybdenum: Kennecott Copper Corp., Chino Mines Division. Kerr-McGee Corp....................... Molybdenum Corporation of America, Queita Division. Natural gas and petroleum^* F'eat: Humus Organic Products.. Perlite: Grefeo, Inc., Dicalite Division____ Johns-Manvllle Perlite Corp.......... Potash: AM AX Chemical Corp.................... Duval Corp., Potash Division____ International Minerals 4c Chemical Corp. Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp..___ National Potash Co......... .. Potash Co. of America, a division of Ideal Basie Industries. Inc. United States Potash 4t Chemical Co. Pumice: General Pumice Corp____ ...... Twin Mountain Rock Co Volcanic Cinder Co____ __ 1370 South Third West Salt Lake City, Utah 84116 Hurley, N. Mex. 88043......... Tyrone, N. Mex. 8808$____ 136 East South Temple St. Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 Box 1188 Demming. N. Mex. 88001 124 Jackson NE. Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87108 Box 11$ Socorro, N. Mex. 87601 Hurley, N. Mex. 88043____ 215 Market St. San Francisco, Calif. 94105 Box 2408 Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87601 Hurley, N. Mex. 88043____ Kerr-McGee Bldg. Oklahoma City, Okie. 73102 280 Park Ave. New York. N.Y. 10017 $06 Rosemont NE. Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87107 333 North Michigan Ave. Chicago, 111. 60601 2500 Miguelito Road Lompoc, Calif. 93436 Box 279 Carlsbad. N. Mex. 88220 Box 611 Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220 Box 71 Carlsbad. N. Mex. 88220 Kerr-McGee Bldg. Oklahoma City, Okie. 73102 Box 731 Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220 Box 31 Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220 Box 101 Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220 Box 449 Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87501 Box 1009 Sheridan, Wyo. 82601 Box 9977 El Paso, Tex. 79990 3 underground mines Hidalgo, and milL Open pit mine, Aota- Grant, tion mill, precipita tion plant, smelter, and refinery. Open pit mine and Do. mill. Underground mine. Do. open pit-under ground mine, and flotation mill. Open pit mine............... Dofia Ana. ... .do. .......................Sandoval. ------ do.......... .. Socorro. Rotary-kiln plant........ Grant. Open pit mine________ Do. ------ do.............................. Taos. Dry grinding plant... Santa Fe. See Copper..................... Grant. By product of uran- McKinley, ium mining. Open pit mine and flotation mill. Taos, Humus bog.................... Sandoval. Open pit mine; crush- Taoa. ing. screening, and air-separation pianL ___.do...................... ........ Do. Underground mine and refinery. 2 underground mines and refinery. Underground mine and refinery. Eddy. Do. Do. Lea. .do Eddy. .do .do Do. Open pit mine and Rio Arriba, crushing and screening plane ____ do.............................. Union. ------ do.......................... .. Dofia Ana. New Mexico Salt Co The Salt Supply Co.. Inc. Box 303 Crl<bad. N. Mex. 88220 Drawer SS Carlsbad, N. Mex. 88220 Potash tailing re- Eddy. covery and plant. ....do............................. Do. 15196835 A-163 TABLE A-52.(Continued) Corarmality and company Address Type of activity County Sand and irravel (commercial): Albuquerque Gravel Products Co. Box 829 Stationary plant.......... BernalUio. Albuquerque. N. Mex. 87103 Armstrong A Armstrong.................. Box 1873 Pit and portable CbxvM. Roswell, N. Mex. 88201 Springer Corp----------------------------- Box 572 Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87103 Univerul Conntrurtom. Inc............ Box G008. Station B plant. Pit and stationary crushing and screening plant. Pits and portable Bernalillo. Bernalillo. Albuquerque. N. Mex. 87107 plants. Colfax, Mora, Rio Arriba. Silver: American Smelting and Henning 120 Broadway Co. New York. N.Y. 10005 Thomas Consolidated Mines. Inc. 637 Peyton Bklg. Spokane, Wash. 09201 See Zinc............. Grant. Underground mine.... Catron. Stone: Ideal Cement Co^ a division of Ideal Basic Industries. Inc. Lee County Highway Depart- 420 Ideal Cement Bldg. Quarry and plant..... Bernalillo. Denver, Colo. 80202 Lovington. N. Mex. 88260.. Lee. meat. New Mexico State Highway Dept., various contractors. P.O. Box 1149 Santa Fe, N. Mex. 87501 Quarries............... .. Curry, Eddy, Guadalupe, Leo, Lincoln. McKinley, Otero. Quay, Rio Arriba. Santa Fe, Valencia. Uranium: The Anaconda Company. New Mexico Operation!. Box 688 Grant., N. Mex. 87020 Open pit mine end add-leach process Valencia. Kerr-MeGeeCorp... Box 218 Grants, N. Mex. 87020 mill. 6 underground mines and add>leaeh McKinley. United Nuclear Corp ... United Nuclear>Homestake Partners. Box 199 Groats, N. Mex. 87020 Box 98 Grants, N. Mex. 87020 process mill. 4 underground mines.. Do. Underground mine.... Valencia. 6 underground mines McKinley. and alkaline-leach Zinc: American Smelting and Refining Co. United Stales Smelting Refining and Mining Co.1 process mill. 120 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10005 136 Cast South Temple St. Salt Lake City, Utah Underground mine Grant. and mill. Sec Copper.......... Do. 84111 * Also gold nd silver. * Most of the major oil and gas companies and many amaller companies operate in New Mexico and several commercial directories contain complete lists of them. * Also lead. 15196836 A-164 Source References (3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, U.S.G.S. Map MR-31. (152) Geologic Map of New Mexico, C. H. Dane and G. 0. Bachman, 1965, U.S.G.S. (153) Mining Districts and Mineral Deposits of New Mexico (exclusive of oil and gas), C. A. Mardirosian, Consulting Geologist, 1971, Salt Lake City, Utah. (154) Reported Occurrence of Selected Minerals in New Mexico, L. B. Haigler and H. L. Sutherland, 1965, U.S.G.S. Map MR-45. (155) County, Township, and Range Locations of New Mexico's Mining Districts, L. File and S. A. Northrop, 1966, Circular 84, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico. (156) Mineral and Water Resources of New Mexico, G. 0. Bachman, 1965, Senate Document, prepared as Bulletin 87, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico. (157) The Mineral Industry of New Mexico, R. V. Sondermeyer, 1971, U. S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. A-165 New York The metamorphic rocks of New York state are confined to the eastern region as shown in Figure A-39. Metamorphic rock occurrences stretch along the Hudson River to the southern tip of Lake Champlain, and the Adirondack Mountain Region. The Adirondack regional metamorphism was of Itecambrian age whereas the Hudson River regional metamorphism includes some of Precambrian age, but mostly of Paleozoic age. The Hudson River rocks are Greenschist, Subgreenschist, and Amphibolites. There is metallic mineralization in both rock bodies although there are no current metallic recovery operations in the Hudson River regional rocks. Iron, Titanium, Zinc, Lead, and Silver (Associated with zinc) are currently being produced from the Adirondack region. There are localized occurrences of asbestiform minerals in both rock bodies. Chrysotile asbestos is described from four localities (Warren, Putnam, and Richmond Counties) and talc in association with tremolite and authophyllite from three localities (Lewis and St. Lawrence Counties) as shown in the regional county map of New York (Figure A-40) in Table A-53. There is no active recovery operations for the chrysotile asbestos although there are four active mines for the talc-amphibole rocks (three in St. Lawrence County and one in Lewis County) as shown in Figure A-40.* The four zinc mines shown on Figure A-41 are in close proximity to the talc operations--all within a highly mineralized area. Dr. James F. Davis (New York State Geologist) describes the talc-amphibole ore as follows: "The ore is a mixture of the talc, tremolite, anthophyllite, and serpentine.---The ore in the Natural Bridge location includes about 30 percent calcium carbonate in addition to the minerals entioned above.----- The proportion of fiberous minerals to flaky mineral varies even within a deposit.-----Thus, production from different portions of a mine may be milled in different Company names for these operations are given in a separate tabulation. 15196838 A-166 Metomorphic Rocks tn O 75 Miles \ FIGURE A - .3 9. OCCURRENCE OF METAKCRPHIC RCCK NEW YORK 15196839 A-167 FIGURE A-40. DETAILED MAP OF METAM0RPK1C ROCK OCCURHENCE IN NEW YORK A-168 TABLE A-53. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN NEW YORK Asbestos Warren County Chrysotile asbestos veins in 6erpentinizcd zones in dolomite. General reference: Bowles, 1955. 1. Brant Lake prospect. 43*45' 73*39' 2. Thurman prospect. 43*31' 73*55' . Putnam County 3. Cold Spring area. Chrysotile asbestos veins in serpentinlzed zones in dolomite. Richmond County 4. Staten Island. Slip- and crossfiber chrysotile in serpentinite. 41*26' 73*55' 40*35' 74*09' Talc Balmat-Edwards (Gouverncur) district. Deposits consist of talc rock, trcmolite, and anthophyllite derived from dolo mites of the Precambrian Grenville Series. Engel, 1949; Gilluly, 194}; Luedke and others, 1959. 1. Talcville area. 44*19' 75*18' 2. American, Woodcock (Loomis), Wright, 44*16' 75*24' and Arnold mines and nearby deposits. J. Natural Bridge area. Trcmolite, talc rock, and anthophyllite, derived from dolomite and granitic rocks. Newland, 1921. 44*05' 75 * 28' Saint Lawrence County Saint Lawrence County Lewis County (the deposit extends into Jefferson County) (Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196841 A-169 5 5 MILES 05 05 KILOMETERS 10 M 10 A 15 To-t Gouverneur Tolc Mine, (underground) To-2 Internotionol Tolc Mine. "Arnold Pit", (open pit). To-3 International Talc Mine 3. (underground) To-4 International Talc Mine at Natural Bridge. St. Joseph Lead Corp. Z-lo **2 shad ot Bolmot. Z-lb St. Joseph Lead Corp. * 3 shaft at Balmot. Z'1C St. Joseph Lead Corp. * 4 shod ol Bolmat. St. Joseph Lead Corp. Z-2 ot Edwards. U.S.G.S. prospect. C3 Talcose ore rock Gneisses I ...' - t Use > crushed stone I --I Potentioh dimension stone Metasedimentory |--------- 1 Use tolc, teod zinc .wolloslonile II crushed morble, gornet, silver Polenliol' dimension stone Paleozoic [FTTTH Stole pork boundary FIGURE A-41. DETAILED MAP OF AREA AROUND GOUVERNEUR, NEW YORK SHOWING TALC AND ZINC MINING ACTIVITY 15196842 A-170 users.----- The comparatively hard tremolite and anthophyllite make New York taLc unsuitable for cosmetic purposes.----- Antho- phyllite-rich ore is used to dust molds to prevent sticking.--- Smaller volumes of New York talc are used as a filler in rubber products and insecticides and to polish rice and peanuts.--- Ceramic and paint uses are high in the fibrous minerals." The gaugne minerals from the zinc mining operations are not completely described. It is mentioned, however, that the zinc deposits are associated with metamorphosed marbles and are in close proximity to talcose rocks. Elsewhere in the Adirondacks there are 6tone quarries (crushed and dimension stone iu both granitic and marble formations), the world'6 largest garnet mine (Warren County) , a mine which supplies mot of the U.S. demand for Wollastonit-iei....(i gt arnet byproduct), Aa a Magnetite mines in Essex and St. Lawrence Counties, ******and the largest ilmenite mine in the world (magnetite byproduct) in Essex County. The magnetlte-llmenite operations are in the High Peaks-anorthosite area of the Adirondacks. Quarrying operations for the recovery of crushed and dimension stone, cement, sand and gravel, clays, and slate, predominate in the meta- morphic rocks of the Hudson River area. The operations are enumerated by county in Table A-54. Company Names * Gouverneur Talc Company Gouverneur, New York 13642 International Talc Company 420 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10006 ** St. Joseph Lead Corporation 250 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 Barton Mines Corporation North Creek, New York 12853 *-*-** Interpace Corporation Willsboro, New York 12996 ***** Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Star Lake, New York 13690 Republic Steel Corporation 1629 Republic Building Cleveland, Ohio 44101 ****** National Lead Company 100 Chevalier Avenue South Amboy, New Jersey 08879 33196843 A-171 TABLE A-54. QUARRYING ACTIVITY IN NEW YORK County Columbia Dutchess Orange Putnam Rensselaer Richmond Ulster Washington Wes tchester Commodity Cement, stone, sand and gravel , clays Stone, sand and gravel Sand and gravel, stone, peat Sand and gravel Stone, sand and gravel Sand and gravel Cement, stone, clays, sand and gravel Stone, sand and gravel Stone, emery, sand and gravel. peat Source References 1. Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724. 2. Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. 3. Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map 1-31. 158. Mineral Resources of New York State, John A. Graham, 1952, New York State Science Service. 159. The Future of the Adirondacks, Vol. II, The Technical Report, "Mineral Resources", J. F. Davis, pp 37-58, The Reports of the Temporary Study Commission, The Adirondack Museum, 1971. 160. The Mineral Industry of New York, R. G. Clarke, 1969, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. 15196844 A-172 North Carolina While the eastern hal of North Carolina consists of unconsolidated sedimentary deposits of fairly recent origin (Upper Cretaceous to Recent) the western half of the state may be characterized as composed of much older rocks most of which have been metamorphosed. The extent of the metamorphic rock occurrence in North Carolina is shown in Figure A-42. Within the meta morphosed rocks of western North Carolina there is a southwest-northeast trending belt of ultrsmafic igneous rocks that contain numerous peridotite bodies which vary greatly in size. Most of these have been extensively altered. The peridotite belt lies chiefly west of the Blue Ridge in the mountainous section of the state although a few isolated bodies occur in the Piemont section of Burke, Caldwell, Polk, Wilkes and (as far east as) Wake Counties. The map of western North Carolina (Figure A-43) shows the extent of the ultramafic rock areas. Many of the intrusive rock bodies consist almost entirely of forsterite olivine -- thus the deposits have been described in the literature as the Forsterite-Olivine belt. However, most of these rock bodies have been greatly altered by metamorphism and hydration to result in the widespread occurrence of talc, soapstone, serpentine, amphiboles, chlorite, vermiculite, and varying amounts of carbonate. The amphibole minerals, such as tremolite and actinolite, often form bunches and radiating clusters as soapstone. Anthophyllite asbestos is the most abundant assestiform amphibole occurring chiefly in Jackson, Transylvania, Yancey, and Avery Counties, although also widespread in other counties of the peridotite belt. Based on fiber arrangement relative to the rock wall and to each other, three types of anthophyllite asbestos ore are recognized. These types are: cross-fiber veins, slip-fiber veins, and mass-fiber deposits. Cross-fiber and slip-fiber asbestos are common, but the mass-fiber deposits have been the most worked in North Carolina. The past production areas and prospects for both the amphibole and chrysotile types of asbestos are shown in Figure A-44 which also locates the talc and soapstone operations and prospects. The location of these deposits by latitude and longitude are given in Tables A-55 and A-56. The principal producers of these commodities are listed in Table A-57, which also summarizes the other rock-mineral operations in 15196845 A-173 FIGURE A - 4 2 . METAMCRPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN NORTH CAROLINA A-174 FIGURE A -4 3 . GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRAMAFIC ROCK BODIES IN NORTH CAROLINA A-175 15196848 ALLEGHANY FIGURE A -4 4 . GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION BY COUNTIES OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA A-176 TABLE A-55. THE OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS BY COUNTY-IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Ashe County 1. Todd ores. ChrysotUe asbestos associated with ultramafic igneous rocks. Bowles, 19SS; Pratt and Lewis, 1905. 36*20' 81*35' Watauga County 2. Rich Mountain deposit; Chrysotile asbestos associated with ul tramafic Igneous rocks. Pratt and Lewis. 1905. 36*14' 81*44' Wilkes County 3. North Wilkesboro area. ChrysotUe asbestos associated with ul tramafic igneous rocks. Pratt and Lewis, 1905. 36*11' 81*09* Avery County 4. Frank area (Squirrel Creek). Slip-fiber anthophyllite asbestos in serpentinized dunite. Bowles, 1955; Hunter, 1941; Murdock, 1950; Pratt and Lewis, 1905. 36*04' 82*00' Mitchell County 5. Bakersville. Seams of chrysolite 36*00* asbestos In dunite. Bowles, 1955; . Hunter, 1941. 82*08' Yancey County 6. Green Mountain. Anthophyllite asbestos. Murdock, 1950. 35*59' 7. Cane River deposit. Mass-fiber anthophyllite asbestos. Bowles, 1955. 35*54' 8. Bluerock-New Dale mines. An- 35*53* thophyllite asbestos probably de rived from altered dunite. Bowles, 1955; tlunder, 1941; Murdock, 1950; Norton, 1943. 82*15' 82*24' 82*11' Transylvania County 9. Brevard arca.'Anthophyllitc asbestos. Bowles, 1955. 35*16' 82*45' Jackson County 10. Sapphire ("Asbcstus mine"). Chrysolite asbestos in a large mass of enstatite. Pratt and Lewis. 1905. 11. Glenvlllc area. Chrysolite asbestos in pcrldotitc. Pratt and Lewis, 1905. 35*07' 83*00' J5*11' 83*09* Macon County 12. Nantahala area. Anthophyllite asbestos. Bowles, 1955. 35*14' 13. Norton dunite. Anthcphyllite asbestos associated with chlorite In an amphibolite. Hopkins, 1914; Hunter, 1941. 35*00' 83*38' 83*22' y6l96849 A-177 TABLE A-56. THE OCCURRENCE OF TALC AND SOAPSTONE BY LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Northwestern North Carolina. Deposit* consist of soapstone am! talc rock principally derived from and associated with ultramafic igneous rocks, peridotite and serpentinite; some ate derived from gabbro and other mafic igneous rocks. Pratt and Lewis, 1903.. 1. Crab Creek .near Edmonds. 36*33' 81*00' 2. Sparta. 36*30' 81*09' 3. Phoenix Gap 4. Jettcrson area. 36*27' 81*26' 46*24' 81*28' 5. Bee Ridge. 36*20' 81*32' VS **$ e CO 6. Black Mountain. 36*19' 7. Green Knob area. 36*17' 81*40' 8. Rocky Mountain-Cook Gap area. 36*12' 81*36' 9. Oak Grove Church, near Reddies Rivet. 36*15' nuun. ...J C.ldcrjlcrvc, 1946. > 10. Bayleaf area. Conley, 1958; Stuckey 35*58' and George, 1940. 81*14' 78 * 38' 11. Frank deposit. .Hunter, 1941; Hunter 36*02' 81*59' and Gildersleeve, 1946. 12. Bellvue. 36*01' 82*02' 13. Cane Creek Church. 36*01' 82*04' 14. Micaville area. Hunter, 1941. 35*56' 82*12' 15. Gillespie Gap area. Gilderslceve, 1946. Hunter and 35*30' 82*01' 16. Day Book deposit. Hunter, 1941. 35*59' 82*16' 17. Cancy River. 33*56' 82*24' $ N rM 00 CO 17i.Burnsvil!e deposit. 35*53' 18. Possum trot Creek. 35*53' 19. Holcombe Branch deposit, Carter $5*50' 82*27 mine. Hunter, 1941. 20. Democrat deposit. Hunter. 1941. $5*47' 82 * 29' 21. Laurel Creek area. Hunter and $5*54' 82*40' Gildcrslccvc, 1946; Murdock, 1950. 22. Marshall area. Murdock, 1950; Stuckey $5 *48' 82*43' and Conrad, 1958. 23. Weaverville area. 35*4l' 14. NTev9i;nd Gap-Newfound Creek area. 35*36' 82*36' 82*46' 25. Newfound Mountain. 35 * 36' 82*32' 26. Middleton deposit. Conley, 1958; 33*26' 83*05' Hunter, 1941. 27. Addie deposit. Conley, 1958; Hunter, 35*23' 83*10' 1941. 28. Wolf Mountain. 35*15' 83*00' Murphy Marble belt. Deposits consist of talc rock derived from a dolomite zone near the stratigraphic center of the Murphy Marble. Van Horn, 1948. 29. Nantahala mine. 35*19' 83*39' 30. Maltby and Biltmore mines. 35*10' 83*56' 31. Moore, Regal, and Hayes mines. 35*08' 84*00' 32. Nancy Jordan Nos. 1-3 and Cold 35*05' sl*ti$' Springs mines. 33- Kinsey, Carolina, and Mineral and 35*03' 84*06' Metals mines. Southwestern North Carolina. Deposits consist of talc rock and soapstone associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. Pratt and Lewis, 1905. 34. Elf area. Hunter and Gilderslceve, 35*02' 83*44' 1946. 33. Franklin area. 36. Ellijay area. Hunter, 1941. 37. Terrapin Mountain. 3B. Otto area. 39. Mulberry Creek. 35*11' 35*11' 35*04' 35*05' 35*00' 83*23' 83*18' 83*04' 83*23' 83*24' 15196850 A-178 TABLE A-57. MINING ACTIVITY IN NORTH CAROLINA, BY COUNTY County Alleghany Ashe Avery Buncombe Burke Caldwell Cherokee Clay Graham Haywood Henderson Jackson McDowell Macon Madison Mitchell Polk Rutherford Swain Transylvania Watanga Wilkes Yancey Commodity Granite Granite, sand and gravel Mica, sand and gravel, kaolin, iron ore, granite Granite, sand and gravel Granite, sand and gravel Granite, sand and gravel (a) Marble, sand and gravel, talc Granite, sand and gravel Sand and gravel Granite, sand and gravel Limestone, granite, clay Asbestos, granite, sand and gravel^) Sand and gravel Granite Granite, Feldspar Felspar, mica, sandstone, granite^*5) Granite, sand and gravel Sand and gravel, clay Limestone Granite, sand and gravel Sand and gravel Granite, sand and gravel (c) Asbestos, olivine, mica, sand and gravel %a) Hitchock Corporation. j) Ir. 1970, 6 quarries in these 5 counties produced more than 500,000 short tons of crushed granite. (r) Powhatan Mining Company, Woodlawn, Baltimore, Maryland. 15196851 Source References A-179 (1) Metaraorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USCS Map MR-31. (161) Geologic Map of North Carolina, Compiled by Division of Mineral Resources, Department of Conservation and Development, Raleigh, North Carolina, 1958. (162) Explanatory Text for Geologic Map of North Carolina, J. L. Stuckey and Stephen G. Conrad, 1S58, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources, Department of Conservation and Development Raleigh, North Carolina. (163) Geology and Mineral Resources of North Carolina, J. L. Stuckey and W. G. Steel, Education Series No. 3, 1953, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (164) Anthophyllite Asbestos in North Carolina, S. G. Conrad, W. F. Wilson, Eldon P. Allen, and T. J. Wright, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (165) An Introduction to the Topography, Geology and Mineral Resources of Nortu Carolina, S D. Broadhurst, 1952, Revised by Eldon P. Allen, 1973, Educational Series No. 2, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (166) Mineral Industries of North Carolina from 1946 through 1953, S. D. Broadhurst, 1955, Economic Paper No. 66, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (167) Mineral Industries of North Carolina from 1954 through 1959, J. L. Stuckey and S. G. Conrad, 1961, Economic Paper No. 67, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (168) Mineral Industries of North Carolina from 1960 through 1967, J. L. Stuckey, 1970, Economic Paper No. 68, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (169) Fors terite Olivine Deposits of North Carolina and Georgia, C. E. Hunter, 1941, Bulletin No. 41, North Carolina Division of Mineral Resources. (170) The Mineral Industry of North Carolina, R. W. Merwin and S. G. Conrad, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. 15196852 A-180 North Dakota Precambrian metamorphosed bedrock is found along the eastern border of North Dakota as shown in Figure A-45. To a very large extent the Precambrian bedrock is covered with glacial debris as is the major area of North Dakota as illustrated in the map figure. The unglaciated portion of the state is roughly the area to the southwest of the Missouri River. The mineral industry of North Dakota is largely confined to the production of fossil fuels and the quarrying of stone, sand and gravel. Salt production from brine wells is reported in Williams County. There are no deep mines in North Dakota and no metallic mineral recovery operations. The mineral production of the state is summarized in Table A-58, Source References (171) Bedrock Geologic Map of North Dakota, C. G. Carlson, North Dakota Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Map No. 10, North Dakota Geological Survey, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202. (172) The Mineral Industry of North Dakota, J. B, Huvos, United States Bureau of Mines' Mineral Yearbook. A-131 FIGURE A -4 5 . GEO.OGKAL MAF OF NORTH DAKOTA A-182 Table A"58. Value of mineral production in North Dakota, by county (Tboiisudi) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order cl vahis Adama........ Barnet___ ..... Benton..... ... Billing!............... Bottineau..... Bowman...... Burke............. Burleigh....... Cast.......... Cavalier... .... Dickey........ Divide................. Dunn......... Eddy................... Emmons...... Foster................. Golden Valley.. Grand Fortes... Grant.....____ Griggs____ .... Hettinger...... Kidder................ LaMoure______ Logan________ _ McHenry........... McIntosh..... McKenxle.____ McLean...____ Mercer........ Morton....... Mountrail..... Kelton..______ Oliver.................. Pembina...... Pierce......... .. Ramsey________ Hansom_______ Renville_______ Richland...... Rolette........ Sargent....... Sheridan...... Sioux......... Slope_______ ... Stark................... Steele.................. Stutsman...... Towner....... Traill................... Walsh.................................................................... Werd..................................................................... Welle..................................................................... Williams............................................................... Undistributed ........................ 118 227 69 W 8,730 2,729 W 489 146 87 W W 87 W W W W 668 W 93 W WW 83 224 27 12,402 273 6,286 132 2,11W3 1,468 WW 61 196 6,189 W W Ww' ww 6,666 W W 168 242 1307 2,761 W 18.264 26,134 661 42 66 6,477 9,837 8,494 7,021 WW w 48 879 49 W 27 65 220 88848 7 W W Sand and gravel, cosL Sand and gravel. Do. Petroleum. Petroleum, eand and gravel, peat. Petroleum, coal, sand and graveL Do. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Do. Petroleum, aand and gravel, days* Petroleum. Sand and graveL Do. Do. Petroleum, eand and graveL tone. Sand and gravel. Cod, eand and gravaL Sand and graveL Do. Do. W W W 14,136 W 6,615 848 W W W W 80 W 136 6,681 871 W Sand and graveL Petroleum, eand and graveL Sand and graveL Petroleum, eand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel, coaL Coal, sand and graveL Stone, sand and gravel, clays. Petroleum, eand and graveL Sand and graveL Coal, sand and graveL Lime, eand and graveL Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Petroleum, eand and graveL Sand end graveL Do. W Sand and graveL W 6,346 W W W 133 Petroleum, sand and graveL Petroleum, coal, eand and graveL Sand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and graveL Do. $183 8,637 W 17,266 19,184 Sand and gravel. Petroleum, coal, sand and grave). Sand and gravel. Petroleum, aalt, sand and gravel, coaL Total*..................................................... 96.047 99,901 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed.*1 * Includes gem stones, some sand and gravel, natural gas, snd natural gas liquids that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values indicated by aymbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. 15196855 A-183 Ohio The mineral production in Ohio consists of fossil fuels, stone, clay, sand and gravel, principally as described in the county by county production tabulation (Table A-59). There are no activities in rocks where fibrous amphibole minerals might occur. Source Reference (173) The Mineral Industry of Ohio, J. A. Sutton, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196856 A-184 Table A-59. Value I mineral production in Ohio, by county * (Thousands) County Adams......... Allen.......... Ashland_______ Ashtabula. ..... Athena......... Auglaize____.... Belmont........ Brown_______ ... Butler......... CarToll......... Champaign..... Clark..................... Clermont....... Clinton........ Columbiana.... Coshocton...... Crawford....... Cuyahoga...... Darke.................... Defiance....... Delaware....... Erie........... Fairfleld........ Fayette.. ...... Franklin....... Gallia..................... Geauga.................. Greene......... Guernsey_______ Hamilton....... Hancock_______ . Hardin......... Harrison....... Henry______ ____ Highland________ Hocking................ Holmes........ Huron......... Jackson................. Jefferson............... Knox.......... Lake....................... Lawrence..____ _ Licking........ Logan......... .. Lorain. ........ Lucas................... Madison....... Mahoning...... Marion____..... Medina_________ Meigs..................... Mercer................... Miami_____ .... Monroe........ Montgomery.... Morgan........ Morrow................. Muskingum__ _ Noble..................... Ottawa.................. Paulding....... Perry...................... Pickaway......... .. Pike........................ Portage.________ Preble________ _ .Putnam________ _ Richland___ ... Ross............ .. Sandusky....... Scioto.............. - Seneca ...._____ Shelby......... Stark...................... Summit................. Trumbull__ .... Tuscarawas......... Union..................... Van Wert............ Vinton.............. Warren.............. . Washington..... Wayne................. . Williams___ .... Wood................... . Wyandot____ ... Undistributed *. 1970 *1,671 W W W W W 69,900 W 3,281 2,960 W w W w 6,404 W W w W w w w 468 592 W W 2.469 W 365 4,975 1,134 W w 80 W w w 210 5,382 24,131 W W 7,724 W W W w 705 W w w w w w w w w w w 11,824 W w w w 1,207 4.416 W W w w w 2.429 W W W W W 14,239 369 W W *1.657 W W W 2,169 W 441,517 1971 Minerals produced ir. 1971 in order of value W *1,627 W 3,172 W W 72,142 W 3,467 2,215 W W W W 6.838 14,119 W 13,381 W W W W 495 W 10,198 2,068 2,933 21.473 W W W W 61,391 W W W 4,587 249 7,527 27,986 W 30,104 7,051 1.287 W W w 775 8,284 W W 1,604 W W W W 8.642 73 44.685 W W 12,174 W W 1,103 4,127 W Ww w 25.119 1,962 W W 14,657 27,862 W* 15,393 W Stone. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, days. Lime, sand and gravel. Stone, sand anti gravel, coal. Stone, sand and gravel, clays. Coal, atone. Sand and gravel, atone. Sami and gravel. Coal, days, sand and gravel, atone. Sand and gravel, peat. Sand aod gravel, atone. Stone, sand and gravel. Du. Coal, days, sand and gravel. Coal, stone, sand and gravel, claya. Stone, sand and gravel. Salt, lime, sand and gravel, clays, peat. Sand and gravel, clays. Sand and gravel. Stone, lime, claya. Lime, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Stone. Sand and gravel, atone, lime, claya, peat. Coal, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone. Cement, stone, sand and gravel, days. Coal, stone. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, lime. Stone. Coal, atone, days. Sand and gravel, days. Stone. Coal, days, sand and gravel. Coal, clays, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Coal, days, stone. Coal, days. Sand and gravel, stone. Salt, lime, sand and gravel, stone. Cement, coal, days, sand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel, days, atone. Stone, send and gravel, peat. Lime, stone, eami end gravel, abrasives. Cement, stone, sand and gravel, days. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone, coal, days, sand and gravel, peat. Stone, sand and gravel, clays. Sand and gravel, days. Sand and gravel, salt, coal. Stone. Stone, sand and gravd. Coal, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone. Coal, sand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel. Coal, cement, stone, tsnd and gravel, clays. Coal, stone. Stone, lime, gypsum. Cement, stone, days. Coal, stone, days. Sand and gravel, stone. Slone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel. Do. Stone, sand and gravel, days. Sand and gravel, days, peat. Sand and gravel, atone. Lime, stone. Stone, clays, sand and gravel, coal. Lime, stone, days. Sand and gravel, stone. Cement, coal, sand and gravel, stone, clays, peat. Salt, lime, stone, cement, ssnd and gravel. Sand and gravel. Coal, clays, sand ami gravel, stone. Stone, sand and gravel. W w *2.054 W 18,154 W 2,074 W 189,500 Stone, days. Coal, stone, days. Sand and gravel. Coal, ssnd and gravel, stone. Salt, sand and gravel, stone, coal, days. Sand and gravel, peat. Stone. Slone, lime, aand and gravel, days, peat. Total ... 12.166 *652,151 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed.** 1 Fulton County is not listed because no production was reported. Natural gas and petroleum values are not listed by counties as data are not available; included with "Undistnuuted.** * Includes natural gas, petroleum, and gem atones that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values indicated by symbol W. Data may not add to total shown because of independent rounding. i5196851 A-185 Oklahoma There are four major regions in Oklahoma where igneous rock intrusion, metamorphism, mineralization of economic importance, or f'^mbinations nf these events can be found. The Ozark Mountain uplift extends into the northeastern part of Oklahoma, for example. In the southern counties, the Wichita Mountain uplift, the Arbuckle Mountain uplift, and the Ouachita Mountain uplift resulted in the geologic regions bearing these names. Their locations are shown in Figure A-46* The de tail map (Figure A-47) shows the geographic extent and the general lithology ui tiie nltliiea MuUiiU.iu and Arbuckle Mountain regions as well as their relationship to other geological regions of southern Oklahoma. There are numerous and prominent outcrops of igneous rocks in the Wichita and Arbuckle Mountain regions. There are a few quartz-orthoclase pegmatite bodies exposed in the Ouachita Mountain region (McCurtain County in the southeasternmost part of the state) and no igneous rock exposures in the Ozark uplift region. In the extreme western county of the panhandle (Cimarron County) there is a remnant of a Tertiary age basaltic lava flow. The igneous rocks of the Arbuckle Mountain region are believed to be Precambrian in age and principally coarse-grained biotite-plagioclasemicrocline granites. The Wichita Mountain granites and other intrusive rocks of this province are believed to be Middle and Late Cambrian age. The other major intrusive rock of the Wichitas is a biottie-olivine-gabbro, actually composed of a layered rock series in part, wherein rhythmic layering is conspicuous due to abrupt changes in proportions of feldspar and ferromagnesian minerals. Layers or bands of anorthosite, gabbro, olivine gabbro, ar, 1 troctolite can be observed in some outcrops. Minerals of the layered series are plagioclase, monoclinic, pyroxene, orthorhombic pyroxene, olivine, titaniferous magnetite, hornblende, and locally apatite. Mineralization of the uplift provinces is extensive although the current production of metallic and nonmetallic (exclusive of stone, clay, sand and gravel) commodities is quite limited. For example, there is no longer any lead and zinc production from Ottawa County (extreme northeastern Oklahoma) which is the Oklahoma part of the famour Tri-State Lead-Zinc Mining District in the Ozark uplift region. Similarly, there is no production 15196858 A-186 Wichita and Arbuckle Mountains Ouachito Mountain Uplift Ozark Mountain Uplift FIGURE A-46. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS ROCK IN OKLAHOMA A-187 A-188 Tflble A"60 County AlUUa Atoka........ ........................... Beaver.................................. Beckham.............................. Dlaine.................................... Bryan.................................... Caddo. ................................ Canadian............................. CarUr............. ...................... Cherokee,.___......... Choctaw .............. Cimarron............. Cleveland........................... Coal....................................... Comanche...................... Cotton....................... ........... Craig........... Creek................ .................... CuaUr................................... Dewey................................... Lilia........................................ Garfield.............. ................. Garvin............................... Grady............ .................... Grant............................... -. Greer................... Harmon...__ ......... Harper............... Haskell.................................. Hughes.................................. Jackeoo................................. Jefferson.......................... .. Johnston..................... .. K.y........................................ Kingfisher.............. ............. Kiowa.................................. Latimer___............ Le Ktore............................... Lincoln. .............. Logan............................... Love___ .............. McClain.............. McCurtaln ............ McIntosh..... ........ Major............... ................... Marshall.......................... Mayes................................... Murray.............. .. Muskogee............................ Noble.................................... Nowata............... Okfuskee................ ........ *. Oklahoma............................ Okmulgee........................... Osage.................................. Ottawa.................................. Pawnee........................... Payne.................................... Pittsburg............................. Pontotoc.............................. Pottawatomie..................... Pushmataha........... Roger Mills......................... Value ol niiurral production in Oklaho... county 1 (Thousands) 1910 Minerals jir*mic!*' . I? 71 in order ot value $0,903 W 7.440 8,425 20,74$ 2,370 22.116 $.435 74.$77 W w * 18.039 16,378 2,790 W W w 16.$50 5,744 24,429 9,390 32,935 71,187 22.512 5.723 486 W 23,608 W 6.395 3.56$ 2.426 W 15,921 62,205 1,910 24,660 10,591 10,110 7,401 8,027 23,761 W w 28.432 6.808 W 6,982 1,828 6,083 2.238 4.558 20,462 3.K31 45,766 2.321 5.149 7.781 8,064 21,198 9.905 .. 3,089 $7,033 W 53.906 9.467 18,903 3.010 22,136 7,017 XI.588 W W 16,994 15.426 2.021 3,800 W w 34.731 5,636 28.818 9.435 30.373 77,748 36.211 4.941 252 W 23,908 11,290 15,791 4,372 2.270 W 15.383 70.873 1.709 W 8,058 10.02S 7,749 6.021) 25.477 W W 41,206 6,543 W 6,939 1,675 6,089 1.625 4,227 20,912 3,615 43.581 W 150..901100 8.315 23.291* 8.692 ) W Petroleum, natural g.-. natural a .is liquklx, sand and travel. Stone, natural gas, petroleum, aand and gravel. Natural g;u*, petroleum, natural gas liquids, pumice. Natural g.n, natural gas liquid*, petroleum. Natural g.s, |*elrolcum, gy|*sum, natural fas liquids. Petroleum. stone, natural gas, sand and gravel. Petroleum, naturu1 can, stone, gyimum, natural gas liquid*. Natural gas, |etroieum. sand ami gravel, days, gypeum. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, atone, aand and gravel. Stone. Sand and gravel, atone. Helium, petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, stone. Petroleum, natural gas. natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, atone, aand and gravel. Stone, gypsum, petroleum, natural gas. Petroleum, sand and gravel, natural gaa. Coal, atone, natural gas, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, atone, natural gas, aand ami graven days. Natural ga*., petroleum, days, volcanic ash. Natural ga>, |*troleurn, natural gas liquids, days. Natural gas, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas, natural g* liquids, aand **vJ gravel. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gaa, atone, aand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids. Do. Stone, petroleum, days, natural gaa liquids. Salt. Natural gas, natural gaa liquids, petroleum, aand and gravel. Natural gaa, coal, atone. Natural gas. |*troleum, sand and gravel. Copper, aaml and gravel, petroleum, gypsum, silver, natural gas, rinc. Petroleum, natural gas. aand and gravat. Sand and gravel, stone. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas, aand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel. Stone, petroleum, aand and gravel, natural gaa. Natural gas, (Petroleum. Natural gas, coal, claya. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gas. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel. Stone, aand and gravel. Natural gas, atone, petroleum. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, aand and gravel, stone. Petroleum, natural gas liquid*, natural gas. aand and gravel. Cement, stone, clays, aand and gravel, petroleum. Petroleum, atone, natural gas. Petroleum, sand and gravel, stone, coal. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, atone, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural ga*. natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gu liquid-, natural gas aand and gravel, clay*, alone. Petroleum, natural gas. Petroleum, natural gas, stone, aand and gravel. Slone, tripoh. Petroleum, stone, aand and gravel, natural gas. Petroleum, atone, natur.il gas. sand and gravel. Natural gx*. aUme, clays, aand and gravel. Petroleum, cement, atone, aand and gravel, natural gaa, clays, natural g.i* liquid*. Petroleum, natural gas. Sand and gravel Natural ga-', pelroicum. Rogers................................... Seminole............................. Sequoyah..... ................. Stephens....... ....... Texas..................................... Tillman............................... Tulsa...................... Wagoner.................... Washington........... Washita.................. .. Woods................................... Woodward........................... Undistributed *.................. $16,521 31.214 W 98,530 89,064 918 8.620 347 4,149 630 12,301 10,837 86,294 $14,431 32.714 $.267 100,440 90,657 2.178 7.562 392 3.769 W 11.702 11,931 43.494 Cement, coal, atone, petroleum, clave. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, atone, natural gaa, and and grave!, clays. Lime, natural gas. alone, sand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gas liquids, natural gaa, aand and gravel. Petroleum, natural gat, natural gas liquids, aand and grave), stone. Petroleum, sand anil gravel. Petroleum, stone, clays, aand and gravel, natural gas. Petroleum, sand and gravel, alone, natural gaa. Pelroieun , stone, natural ga.s Natural ga>, petroleum, gypsum. Natural ga-. petroleum, aand and gravel, stone, salt. Natural ga^. natural gas liquids, petroleum, aand and gravel, stone. Total..................... *1.138.272 1,189,$16 * Revised. distributed." W Withheld lo avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Un * Adair and Delaware Counties are not hated because no production wa* reported. * Includes tome atone, aand and gravel, and petroleum that cannot oe aasigoed to specific counties and values Indicated by aymbol \V, A-189 TABLE A-61. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN OKLAHOMA Cc mmoditv and comoanv AiMmiw Carbon Black: Continantal Carbon Co. Cement: Dewuy Rocky Mountain Camant Co.1 Ideal Cement Co., Div. Ideal Basic Industrial, Inc.* Oklahoma Cement Co. Div. OKC f'r>rp 1 . ............. Clays: Acmn Brick Co................. P.O. Box 22066 Houston, Ttui T7027 1210 Fourth NefL Bank Tulaa, Okie. 24119 420 Iilial Consent Bide. Denver, Colo. 80202 P.O. Box 68 Pryor. Okie. 74141 P.O. Box 426 Fort Worth, Tex. 76101 Material* Cr>.......... Filtrul Corp......... .......................... Mannum Brick Co.............. Oklahoma Brick Corp.............. Sapulpa Brick 4t t tie oorp. . Superior Clay Products, ioe. Unit<xJ Ctay Pipe Co......... .. Wewoka Brick and Tile Co.. Coal: Bills Coal Co.. Ine. Lvai> Coal CO............ Gsrluod Coat it Mlninf Co. Hut ; Cn _____ ____ Kerr-McGee Corp.................... Box 627 TuUa, Okie. 74101 3260 Cut Washington Los Aogelea, Celtf. 90023 Box 296 Mengum, Okie. T3SS4 Box 87 Union City, Okie. 73090 .... ... Sapulpa. Okie. 74066 Box 1601 Ada. Okie. 74X20 Bui 662 Seminole, Okie. 74868 416 We*t 10th Street Wewokt, Okie. 74884 Route 1 Welch. Okie. 74369 .to* 126 McCurtain, Okie. 74944 Box 1K6 Fort Smith, Ark. 72901 Box 99 Heavener. Okie. 74937 Kerr-McGee Bklf. Oklahoma City, Okie. 78102 Type of activity County Furnace..................... K.y. Quarry end plant. Roger*. ....do.....___ __ Pontotoc. ....do..................... Meyce. Mine end plant.. ___ do........................ . .. .do..................... .. Cue ter. Oklahoma, Tulaa. Roger*. Oklahoma. Dewey. ....do........................ Greer. ....do................ ....... Canadian. ____ do.............. .. Creek. ....do........................ Pontotoc. _____do......................... Seminole. ....do.....___ _ Do. Strip mine................ Craig. f*. '. *rd Heebell. mine Strip mine................ Do. Underground Le Flore. mine. .. . .do........................ Haakell. MrNabb Coal Co. r4lKxiy Coal Box C Okie. 74106 .;<! N*rth *1 Drive St. I*ki^ Mo. 63102 Co|*|*er evl silver: Ragle-l'icher Indus . P.O. Box 910 Ui*** Inc. Miami, Okie. 74364 Gypeum: Republic Gypsum Co................................. IIihi Mercantile Bank Bldg. Dallas Tex. 76201 Llmlr.1 SUlcn ------- ` Drive 4 l.iceg*.. Ill MWOo Universal Atlas Cement, Div. of United Staten Sun*I C*rp. I^KI Grant St. Rot *2969 PiU^hurgk. Pa. 1623U. I.ime. St Clair l.ime Co............................... Oklahoma City, OkU. 73101 Strip mine ........... Roger*. .. do.................. .... De .. .ilo........................ Jarkaon. Quarry and plant Do .. . .do........................ Blaine. Quarry..................... Do Plant and quarry Soquoyeh. Blackmon Salt Co .. . We-* :ern Salt Co.............. Sand anr, ffavel: llaghy-llarri* Sand Co. J,,e Hroan S.ir.d A Gravel Co 1 Lc i>ole-e Co........................ Freedom, Okla 7384*2.......................... Route 2 Keck. OkU. 73G46 .............. P.O. Uia 926 Jcnk. Okl,. 74037 . Ilox 10*2 Sulphur, OkU. 730X*. 13 Northwest Ulh St Oklalvim* City, Okla. 7 *w Dredge..................... Stationary.............. di. ................ Harmon. Tulaa. Murrey. Canadian, M eClam. Kingioovi, laigan, McMichaeK'oncrete Co................... . Bos 94*6 Tul-a, Okie- 74107 M dcontinent (j I*.*-1* Sand C .. . Mohawk Rock A Sand Co Pennsylvania GU*n .Sand Corp. n DkU San l 1'rodui tInc.. m<> Kxki loth st TuKi. OkU 74120 Berkeley Springs. W V*. 26411 Tulia Sand Co............................................ 1*1 ..aSa ' * G- -I Co - Box 1964 TuRa. Okla. 74101 :|J3 Nitvrh.ini* Bank IHdg. Ft. Smith, Ark. 72901 Dredge..................... . Tulaa. Stationary. ... . Pontotoc. Dredge.................... Stationary . .. . Johnston. Stationary and Oklahoma. dredge. Stationary............. Pvwni", Tulsa. ....do................... _ Muskogee. Slone An* hur Slone Co...................................... Art hoi* Sand A Gravel Co-------D<'**e Urother* Co............................. F.*i{l**-Picher Industrie*. Inc... The Quapaw Company.................... - - n .*t v m l Standard Industrie*. Inc.............. Tr.nity Concrete Product* Co. Tulsa Rock Co....................................... Tripoli The Carborundum Co., American Tripoli Div. Vulcanic w*h. Axuli Mining Corp Box 1630 Tulva. OkU. 74106 32.1 Merchant* Bank Bldg. Ft Smith. Ark. 72901 Oklahoma i^tty, Okie., 73103 P.O. Box 910 Miami, OkU 74364 Driimright, Okla 7403U Quarry.................. . Tulsa _____do.................... . Cherokee. _____ do................. . Caddo, Carter. Coal, Comanche, Kiowa. Murray, Pittsburg. Seminole. . Ottawa. ... .do................ . Creek. Okmulgee. Oklatamia 4 ity, Okla .... p (1 Bov 131.70 Admiral Station Tulva. Okla 74116 Box 1290 Dalles. Tex. 7-221 Box l;*o9l Admiral Station Tulva. OkU 741 !. Seneca, Mo *4n>6.......... .. I.ivtnir, Okl* 73K4H ____ do................. ____ do................. . ...do................ . laage, Tulaa. . Atoka. . Tulaa. . Ottawa. Reaver. 15196862 A-190 from the southeastern counties (Atoka, Pushmataha, McCurtain, LeFlore, and Latimer) in the Ouachita region, although there is widespread lead-zincmanganese mineralization in the rocks of the state boundary counties. A limited amount of germanium is being produced in Ottawa County. The production of commodities from the counties containing the Arbuckle Mountain region consists chiefly of the fossil fuels, stone, sand and gravel. There is no available report containing information on the mineralization of the rocks being worked in this area. Similarly, there are no descriptions of the rock minerals being worked in the counties containing the Wichita Mountain region where the fibrous amphibole minerals are most likely to be found. In Jackson County of the Wichita Mountain region there is an extensive production of copper-silver-zinc bearing shale (Permian) via a strip mining operation (Eagle-Picher Industires, Incorporated, P.0. Box 910, Miami, Oklahoma 74354). A similar copper production from Greer County was not reported in the latest communique. A summary of the mineral production for all counties of Oklahoma is given in Tables A-60 and A-61. Source References (174) Geologic Map of Oklahoma, H. D. Miser, 1954, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, Oklahoma, 73069. (175) Mineral Map of Oklahoma (exclusive of oil and gas fields), K. S. Johnson, 1969, Map GM-15, Oklahoma Geological Survey, Norman, Oklahoma 73069 (176) Geology and Earth Resources of Oklahoma, (an Atlas of Maps and Cross Sections) K. S. Johnson, et. al., Educational Publication No. 1, 1972, Oklahoma Geological Survey. 177) The structure and Igneous Rocks of the Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma (Field Trip Guidebook), edited by G. T. Stone, 1967, The University of Oklahoma (Norman, Oklahoma); First Annual Meeting of the South-Central Section of G.S.A. "78) Sixty-fourth Annual Report, Oklahoma Department of Mines, W. Padgett, Chief Mine Inspector, 1972, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105. vl/9) Directory of Mineral Producers in Oklahoma, J. F. Roberts, 1970, Oklahoma Geological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73069. (Io0) The Mineral Industry of Oklahoma, L. G. Southard, et. al.. United States Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196863 A-191 Oregon Oregon can be divided into twelve geomorphic regions of which four are of interest to this study. The four units, the Coast Range, the Cascade Range, the Klamath Mountains, and the Blue Mountains are approximately located on Figure A-48". Of principal interest to this investigation are the Klamath and Blue Mountain Regions since in these areas there are consider able occurrences of the amphibole minerals and the regions are the centers of the Oregon mining activities. Mineralization and metamorphism of the rock bodies are, of course, also present in the Coast Range and the Cascades. Also, the Basin and Range Province lying between the Klamath-Cascade and Blue Mountains is of some interest. The Basin and Range Province is an arid region characterized by fault block mountains and broad graben valleys. Somewhat localized areas ul mineralization are found in this region. Elsewhere in Oregon there are high lava plains, plateaus, and uplands, which feature distinct geological characteristics leading to some favorable sites for mineral production although these areas are not of prime interest in this s tudy. The Klamath Mountains in southwest Oregon and the Blue Mountains in eastern Oregon contain formations which are extensively mineralized. Although currently there is little or no production from many of the known deposits, the Klamath and Blue Mountain Regions are the locations for most of the Oregon metallics. The counties of Curry, Josephine, Douglas, and Jackson in the Klamath Mountains, and Baker, Grant, Union, and Wallowa in the Blue Mountains are noted for their metallic occurrences. Table A-62 gives a partial list of the metallic occurrences by counties as reported in Bulletin No. 64 of the Oregon Survey. Only the counties having the principal deposits are listed. ^5196864 i A-192 To3 aocO>' jVo=) CL oL. cr c oE a a> c3 O 5 aS>3 m E _> oOcc ' cn tco a> O' aooc>* 5 oc3 tocr oo a cr a> "octOoj o a o Eo XL so & g uo taoMos ow os aa OS I o 00 I < w MC[L3, 68&6 A-193 Coincidental with the metallic occurrences are the asbestiform mineral occurrences. These occurrences are located on the state map figure which marks the major geological regions of interests and are located more precisely by means of Figure A-49 and Table A-63. It is readily apparent from the detail maps presented that the asbestiform minerals are frequently present in the mineralized rocks that are worked for their metallic content. It should be noted that neither of the major occurrence areas are highly populated areas. None of the asbestos deposits are currently being worked for production of fibrous minerals. A single mine in Josephine County is producing talc and soapstone; however, (Operator: J. H. Pugh, 2891 Elk Lane, Grants Pass, Oregon 97526). Elsewhere in the county, gold, sand and gravel, and stone are being produced in relatively small quantities. Oregon's mineral recovery operations are chiefly limited to the production of stone, sand and gravel, with metallics in a secondary position as indicated by the county by county mineral production tabulation from the 1971 Minerals Yearbook, as listed in Table A-64. Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, L962, USGS Map MR-31. (181) Geologic Map of Oregon, G. W. Walker and P. B. King. 1969, USGS Map 1-595. (182) Geologic Map of Oregon West of the 121st Meridian, F. G. Wells and D. L. Peck, 1961, USGS Map 1-325. (183) Preliminary Geologic and Tectonic Maps of Oregon East of the 121st Meridian, G. W. Walker, 1973, USGS Map MF-495, Sheets 1 and 2. (134) Mineral and Water Resources of Oregon, P. L. Weis, et al., 1969, Bull. No. 64 (Senate Document) issued by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Portland, Oregon, 97201. (185) The Mineral Industry of Oregon, J. D. Gorrick, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196866 A-194 TABLE A-62. METALLIC OCCURRENCES IN OREGON, BY COUNTIES Metals Antimony Chromium Cobalt and Nickel Copper, Lead, Zinc Gold and Silver Iron Mercury Mo lybdenum Platinum Tungsten Counties Baker, Grant, Jackson, Lane, Umatilla Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Goos, Douglas Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Goos, Douglas Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Jefferson, Douglas, Lane, Marion, Linn, Wallowa Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Goos, Douglas, Jefferson, Marion, Lime, Crook, Lane, Wheeler Baker, Jackson, Curry, Cook Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Crook, Douglas Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Douglas, Wallowa Baker, Grant, Josephine, Curry, Coos Baker, Grant, Jackson, Josephine, Curry, Douglas, Union, Wallowa V^6861 A-195 TABLE A-63. ASBESTOS, OLIVINE, SERPENTINE, AND DIOPSIDE OCCURRENCES IN OREGON Sec. T. cHitrsonu ajgestos C-l Forster Asbestos................... C-2 Mount Vernon....................... C-J Spare Time claims................ C-4 Bit Butte Creek.................... C-S Rock Creek Butte................. Towtli claims....................... C-7 Bear Valley...................... . AMPHIB01E ASBESTOS A-l LEJ. Asbestos..................... A-2 Liberty Asbestos................... 33.36 38 S. 12.13. M 13 S. 7.18 14 S. 17, IS.19,20 22 1 1.2.3.11 US. 13 S. u s. 18S. 9 37 S. Jw 4 4. A-3 Raspberry Creek............. . . A-4 Pine Creek Asbestos....... is 34 S. 34.35 US. R. 9 W. 30 L 32 L 34 L 38 L 43 . 31 E. * GW. 4 W. Josephioc. Grant.... ........ do... ........ do... Baker.... Malheur.'. Grant.... JOKpfciM. .Vkson. JW. 39 E. ..........do____ Baker......... uranc bouncy X. Oregon asbeston mine. Chryeotile asbestos veins in serpentine. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1941. 44*27* 119*03* 2. Stlthem. Short cross-fiber chryso- 44*36 118*39* tile asbestos in serpentinite. Bowles, 1955. Baker County 2. Pine Creek prospects. Harsh weak slip- and cross-fiber anthophv11lt<* asbestos alone shear zones in schists and greenstones. Moore, 1937. 4. Bald Mountain. Anthophyllite as bestos. Gllluly, 1937. 5. West Fork. Chrysotile asbestos. Gllluly, 1937. 44*33' 117*55* 44*31* 117*48* 44*40* 117*44* Josephine County 6. L. E. J. Slip-fiber ttemuiue as bestos in dunite. 42*22* 123*25' Jackson County General reference: Staples, 1942. 7. Graves Creek. 42*39' 123*12* 8. Liberty, iron-free tremolite as- 42*38* 122*59* bestos. FIGURE A-49. ASBESTIFORM MINERAL OCCURRENCES IN OREGON C - Cbryaotlle wbtitH dapottt A - Aapblbole nkitoi A.po.U 0 - amt or oXlTina-rleh pcrlAotlte 17 - Pyr*" "*> Wsh eootcBt of dlopalde A-196 TABLE A-64. VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTION IN OREGON, BY COUNTY (thousands) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971. in order of value Baker____ ................. ' $6,911 Benton. .............. Clackamas ............... Clatsop.......... .. Columbia___ .............. Coos...................... Curry........... ................................. Dow hu b*s ................. Douglas................... G iliiatn.................... 11nod Itivfrr ............... JiirkMA. -------- ............. Jcireraott.. -------- ........... Klamath. ................. Lak*............................................. lanroln. ................ Iinn........ ................ Malhrur................... Morrow---------------------------------Multnomah....................... - Sherman....--.......-----Tillamook....... ...................... Umatilla. ..................................... Union..................... Wallowa....................................... Wasro. ............... Washington....... ........ Yamhill.......................................... Undistributed ....... 1.030 u.m 505 W HU 6196 K2 r 772 W W 53K W w 975 W 799 r 2,855 239 9,046 701 1.23k W 650 W 7,402 709 612 409 69k 632 613 H69 2,276 W 590 '21,002 $9,949 434 12,495 W W 694 363 W 852 10,294 1,01W1 W W 1.700 w 2.07C 2,228 656 5,2km 1,033 833 11,.316200 W 7,940 422 46 30M 2,008 1.676 474 W 2,131 60 466 11,746 Cement, atone, sand and gravel, pumice, clays, gold. silver, Clipper, tungsten. Sand and gravel, alone, clavs. Cement, rand and gravel, stone, clays. Stone, aand and gravel. Sand and grav*d, stone. Stone, aand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, days. Stone, sand and gravid. Pumice, atc*nv, rand and gravel. Nickel, atone, aand and gravel, mercury. Stone, amid and gravel. Stuue, aand and gravel, gold. Stone. Stone, aand and gravel. Sand and gravel, elone. Du. Sand and grave], atone, talc, gold. Slone, aand and gravel, pumice, clavs. Stone, pumice, aand and r*uvcl, diatomite. Sand and gravel, stone, clavs. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone, emery. Stone, lime, sand ami gravel. Sand and gravel, clays, atone. Stone, aand and gravel. Lime, sand end gravel, stone, clays. Sand and gravel, stone. Stone. Slone, rand and gravel. clavs. Stone, aand am, gravel. Do. D. Sand and gravel, stone. Stone, Land and gravel, clavs. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone, clays. Total *................................... ' Gft.nsi 77.8K5 Revised. W Withheld Ln avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. 1 Includes value of mineral production tlul cannot be assigned to |)Cfilie rounii^ and values indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. ^Slggggg A-197 Pennsylvania The areal extent of the metamorphic rocks in Pennsylvania is depicted in Figure A-50 where it can be seen that these rock belts trend southwest-northeast in the same general direction as the metamorphic belts in surrounding and nearby states. The metamorphic rocks are confined to the southeastern quadrant of the state being found in Adams, Berks, Bucks, Chester, Cumberland, Dauphin, Delaware, Franklin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lehigh, Montgomery, Northampton, Perry, Philadelphia, Schuylkill, and York Counties as shown in Figure A-51. There are Greenschists, Subgreenschiests, Amphibolites, and relict Granulite facies as well as Calc-alkalic plutons in the metamorphosed region. Asbestiform mineral occurences have been reported from several localities within the region but the chief belt appears to be in the southeastern most counties of Chester, Delaware, and Montgomery. One major occurrence of asbestos and four occurrences of talc-soapstone are located on Figure A-51 and Table A-65. One of the talc occurrences is the northern part of the metamorphic belt -- Northampton County. Dr. A. A. Socolow, Director of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, suggests that there may be considerable asbestiform amphibolite worked in the Cedar Hill Quarry located in Lancaster County on the Maryland border. The D. M. Stolzfus and Son, Inc., company (of Talmage, Pennsylvania 17580) is quarrying and crushing Serpentinite in the Cedar Hill operation for use as concrete aggregate and .road ballast. The metallic prospects and proven occurrences of southeastern Pennsylvania are shown on Figure A-51 to be largely within the principal metamorphosed formations. Currently, there are only two mines operating: the Friedensville zinc mine in southeastern Lehigh County (the New Jersey Zinc Company, 160 Front Street, New York, New York 10038, or Friedensville, Pennsylvania 18103) and the Grace magnetite mine near Morgantown in the southern tip of Berks County (Morgantown Division, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18016). There is no record of amphibole minerals at the Friedensville zinc mine where the host rock is limy dolomite of Ordovician age. The gangne minerals at the Grace magnetite mine near Morgantown are mainly actinolite, chlorite, serpentine, and various other calc-silicates as well as fer-ienesian 15196870 FIGURE A-50. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN PENNSYLVANIA A-199 15196872 FIGURE A - 5 I . DETAIL MAP SHOWING OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA A-200 TABLE A-65. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN PENNSYLVANIA Location and Description Asbestos 1, Media area (Village Green, Rockdale, and Smedley) mines. Unknown variety of asbestos associated with untramafic igneous rocks. Latitude (a) Longitude 39 53' 75 23' County Delaware Talc and Soapstone 1. Easton area. Talc rock derived from 40 42' and associated with Precambrian dolomite similar to the Grenville Formation Ladoo, 1923. 2. Gladwyne and Princess quarries. Soapstone associated with serpentinite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960 40 03' 75 12' Northampton 75 16' Montgomery 3. West Goshen prospect. Soapstone and talc rock associated with serpentinite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960. 39 59' 75 36' Chester 4. Indian Soapstone prospect. Soapstone associated with serpentinite. Pearre and Heyl, 1960. 39 56' 75 43' Chester (a) Localities by North. Latitude and West Longitude. A-201 silicates. Elsewhere in the magnetite prospects or prior mining sites of Berks, Chester, and Lebanon Counties, the asbestiform amphiboles are commonly cited. Actinolite is the most common. Amphibole minerals are not reported from similar prospects in York County, but frequently all of the gangue materials are not described from the sites. The nonmetallic mineral recovery operations in the counties traversed by the metamorphic belt are chiefly quarrying operations for stone, sand and gravel, and clays. The commodities produced in the various counties of interest are given in Table A-66. There is no readily available description of any asbestiform minerals that might be associated with the nonmetallic mineral recovery operations. Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, 1:2,500,000, B. A. Morgan, Mcp I 724, us Geological Survey, 1972. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, Resource Map MR-17, 1:3,168,000, U.S. Geological Survey, 1962. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, Resource Map MR-31, 1: 3,168,000, U.S. Geological Survey, 1962. (186) Geologic Map of Pennsylvania, 1:250,000, Carlyle Gray (ed.) Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 1960. (187) Atlans of Pennsylvania Mineral Resources, Part 3, Metal Mines and Occurrences in Pennsylvania, A. W. Rose, Bulletin No. M50, Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, 1970. (188) Directory of the Mineral Industry in Pennsylvania, K. V. Hoover, Information Circular 54, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Geologic Survey, Second Edition, 1973. (189) The Mineral Industry of Pennsylvania, F. D. Cooper, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook, Preprint from 1971. A-202 TABLE A-66. PRINCIPAL MINERALS PRODUCED IN PENNSYLVANIA, BY COUNTIES County Adams Berks Bucks Chester Cumberland Dauphin Delaware Franklin Lancaster Lebanon Lehigh Montgomery Northhampton Perry Schuylkill York Commodities Produced Stone, lime, clays Magnetite, cement, stone, clays, sand and gravel, pyrites Stone, sand and gravel, clays Stone, lime, clays Stone, sand and gravel, clays Stone, coal Stone Stone, sand and gravel Stone, sand and gravel, clays Stone, lime, pyrites (metallics prior to 1973) Zinc, stone, cement Stone, lime, cement, clays Stone, cement, sand and gravel Stone, sand and gravel Stone, coal, clays Stone, lime, cement, mica, sand and gravel, clays 15196875 A-203 Rhode Island All of Che bedrock in Rhode Island has been metamorphosed, as indicated in Figures A-52, There are numerous plutonic rocks as well as metamorphosed, sedimentaries. Most of the formations are of Paleozoic age - Pennsylvanian or older - although at least some of the plutonics are younger - possibly Cretaceous in age. Typically, there are gneisses, schists, quartzites, gabbros, granites, and metamorphosed conglomerates. Both fibrous and massive amphibole alteration minerals a.e fwund in umny formations in several parts of the state. The occurrences of the fibrous amphiboles, actnolite and tremolite (some crocidolite has been reported also), are shown to be in each of the five counties of Rhode Island on Figure A-53 with most occurrences in the northern part of the state (Providence County). Chrysotile asbestos (very rare) has been reported from both Providence and Newport Counties and talcose rock in north eastern Providence County (Table A-67), Currently, there are no recovery operations for metallics or for the talc or the asbestiform minerals. However, these mineral forms are undoubtedly present in the stone, sand and gravel recovery operations that constitute the mineral industry of Rhode Island. The operators and the commodities being worked are given in Table A-68. 15196876 A-204 *32 wA FIGURE A-52. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN RHODE ISLAND isi^68"7*7 A-205 ESI Metamorphic rocks &> Asbestos occurrence FIGURE A-53. DETAILED MAP OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN RHODE ISLAND 15196878 ':...-r;r A-206 TABLE A-67 OCCURRENCES OF ASBESTOS AND TALC IN RHODE ISLAND Area and Description Latitude, Longitude County Asbestos 1. Beacon Pole Hill deposit. Crocidolite asbestos. Bowles, 1955; Quinn and others, 1949. 41 58' 71 28' Providence 1. Limerock area. Talccarbonate and talc rock associated with serpentinite. Quinn and others, 1949. Talc 41 56' 71 28' Providence TABLE A-68. Commodity and company MINING OPERATIONS IN RHODE ISLAND Address Type ot activity County Band and ftevel: A. Card! Construction Cot, loe. Coventry Sand A Grovel Co... Del Boot* Send A Gravel Co... Forte Brother*, Inc....................... Lepham Sand A Gravel Co.... Mack Construction Co................. Feckham Bros. Co., loe------ ... Rhode Island Sand A Gravel Co., Inc. J. Romanella A Sore Inc............ J. Santoro, Inc................ ............... South Couoty Sand A Gravel Co., Inc. Taaca Sand A Gravel Co............ Town Line Sand A Gravel Inc. Stone: Granite, dimenaion: Providence Granite Co.... Limestone, crushed: The Conklin Limeetone Co., Inc. Other atooe, crushed and broken: MJt. Gommino CootrucUon Co. Peck ham Brothers Co., Inc. 451 Arnold Road Coventry, R.I. 02816 Reservoir Hoad Coveotry. R.I. 02816 960 Pbemx Ave. Cranston, R.I. 02920 14 Whippla St. Berkeley, R.I. 02900 R.F.D. 2, Greenville Rd. Woonsocket, R.I. 02896 Pawtucket, R.I. 02860.................... . Paradise Ave. Middletown, R.I. 02840 KllvertSt. Hillarrove, R.I. 02886 Box 646. Westerly, R.I. 02891... . 11 Herbert Street Providence. R.I. 02909 North Rd. Peace Dale, R.I. 02883 Box 113. R.F.D. 4 Esmond, R.I. 02917 Victory Hichway Slatersvilk, R.I. 02876 80 Hanover Road Florham Park, N J. 07932 210 Kinfaley Ave. Providence, R.I. 02903 R.F.D. I Lincoln, R.I. 02886 876 Phenlx Ave. Cranston, R.I. 02920 Paradise Ave. Newport, R.I. 02840 Pit........................ PU........................ Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit........................ Pit........................ Plt........................ Pit........................ PU........................ Pit........................ PU........................ PU........................ Quarry................ ____ do................. ____ do................. ....do................ Do. Providence. Do. Do. Do. Newport. Washinrtoa. Providence. Washington. Providence. Do. Washinf too. Providence. Newport. A-207 Source References VI) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the US., A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the U.S., A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (190) Bedrock Geologic Map of Rhode Island, A. W. Quinn, 1965, USGS Bulletin No. 1295, Plate 1. (191) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Peet, N.C. Pearre, 1956, USGS Mineral Resource Map MR-4. (192) Minerals of Rhode Island, G. E. Miller and 0. D. Hermes, 1972, Department of Geology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston. (193) The Mineral Industry of Rhode Island, F. B. Fulkerson, 1972, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196880 A-208 South Carolina The northern half of South Carolina is composed of metamorphic rocks as indicated in Figures A-54 and A-55. The Carolina Slate Belt and The Charlotte Belt of highly metamorphosed rocks extend across the state in a northeast-southwest trend line as shown in the map of the northern counties encompassing part or all of 16 counties. Within the Carolina Slate Belt, Amphibolite zones have been identified in York, Union, Chester, Newberry, Fairfield, and Richland counties, also as depicted in the figure. The description of this formation from the Geologic Map by Overstreet and Bell is as follows: Amphibolite "Dark green, gray, and black, fine to coarse-grained amphibolite, hornblende schist, hornblende gneiss, actinolite schist, and chlorite schist; includes some diorite, metagabbro, biotite gneiss, and numerous basic dikes of several ages and relations." The mineral industry of the counties in which the amphibolite formation occurs is confined to the extraction of clays, sand and gravel, and granite (both crushed and dimension stone) as shown in Table A-69. TABLE A-69. MINERAL PRODUCING ACTIVITIES IN AMPHIBOLITE FORMATIONS IN SOUTH CAROLINA Oountv Fairfield Commodity Clays Crushed granite Company and Address Richtex Corporation P.0. Box 3307 Columbia, South Carolina 29203 Martin-Marietta Corporation P.0. Box 2568 Raleigh, North Carolina 27602 15196882 A-209 Shaded Northern Part of South Carolina State Consists Entirely of Metamorphic Rocks FIGURE A-54. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN SOUTH CAROLINA 15196882 Amphibolite formation in Carolina slate belt A-210 FIGURE A-55. OCCURRENCE OF ASEESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN SOUTH CAROLINA A-211 The total extent of the mining and quarrying industry in these counties is unknown since, except for Richland County, the value of the mineral production has not been published. The mineral production value for Richland County was $2,629 million in 1970 and $2,843 million in 1971. The exact quarrying and mining locations are not given and neither are the details of the operations. Elsewhere throughout the metamorphosed zone of South Carolina asbestiform minerals occur at several localities in the northermost counties including Oconee, Pickens, Anderson, Greenville, Spartanburg, Cherokee, Abbeville, and Laurens Counties. There are numerous mining and quarrying operations in these areas as summarized in Table A-70. The asbestiform minerals of the areas are associated with chlorite schists, talc schists, steatite, and serpentine, all of which represent alteration products of the peridotites, pyroxenite, and other magnesian silicates, both foliated and undeformed. The asbestos, fre quently with the composition of crysotile, extends its bunches of crystal fibers from wall to wall of the numerous small fissures (rarely exceeding 8 inches in diameter) in the compact magnesian rocks, the separation of which in mining imposes burdensome cost. Intense metamorphism in some instances has resolved the original magnesian rock to chlorite schist, magnetite, and large clustered masses of true asbestos, with lustrous long white fibers. In some cases jasbestos appears to have resulted from metasomatic action, in- others from aqueo-igneous segregation. The metasomatic asbestos veins do not appear to extend to great depths and are generally too localized for economical asbestos mining activities. Oconee and Pickens Counties in the western tip of the state, are notable for amphibole occurrences although in scattered and localized sites. A single quarry in Pickens County is worked for a crushed granite product by the Vulcan Materials Company (P.0. Drawer 8834, Greenville, South Carolina 29604) and the W. F. Thomas Sand Company (Route 1, Old Farrs Bridge Road, Greenville, South Carolina 29611) recovers sand. The Caldwell Engineering Company (P.0. Box 159, Walhallo, South Carolina 29691) crushes stone from two mines in Oconee County.' A recent South 15196884 A-212 Carolina State Development Board publication describes numerous chlorite- actinolite schist occurrences in Oconee County drill-hole logs and an asbestos prospect along the Seneca River seven miles northeast of Seneca. It is believed that other asbestos occurrences might be found elsewhere within the hornblende gneiss injection zone and the Brevard belt where amphibolitic gneisses occur in Oconee County. Mr. Norman K. Olson, State Geologist, provided the following description of one of the most recent asbestos prospects - "An asbestos prospect about 2 miles northeast of the fish hatchery along Route 197 in Oconee County was found to be a weathered dunite with an outcrop area of slightly less than 1/4 mile by 1/8 mile, containing an upper weathered zone of anthophyllite [Mg, Fe)^ (sig22^ ^^2^ at *east ^ feet in depth. The entire dunite was found to contain chromite (FeCr^O^) in unknown quantities. Olivine [MgFeJ^SiO^] was found in an outcrop along the southern end of the in trusion's outcrop area. Anthophyllite occurs in layers up to 12 inches wide and in massive areas as short (1/2 cm) fibers, constituting probably as much as 90 percent of much of the rock. The other common mineral is talc ]Mg^ (Si^O^) (011)2] and this occurs widely disseminated throughout the body. The total amount of anthophyllite was not estimated." The occurrences of asbestos, talc, and soapstone, as described in the USGS Mineral Resources Maps (MR-17 and MR-31) are given in Table A-71 and are marked in Figure A-55. A county-by-county summary of the mineral production in South Carolina is given in Tables A-72 and A-73. l5l96S8S \ \ A-213 TABLE A-70. MINERAL PRODUCING ACTIVITIES IN METAMORPHOSED ZONES OF SOUTH CAROLINA County Cherokee Greenville Greenville Commodity Company and Address Clay Clay, Sericite, and Manganese Sand Sericite and Colemanite Sand Limestone and Crushed stone Sand Bennett Brick & Tile Company P.O. Box 29 Kings Mt., North Carolina 28086 Broad River Brick Company P.O. Box 550 Gaffney, South Carolina 29340 L. G. Chapman Sand Pit, Inc. Route 1 Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302 Industrial Minerals, Inc. P.O. Box 454 York, South Carolina 29745 or Kings Creek, South Carolina 29719 Jobe Sand Company, Inc. No. Magnolia Street Forest City, North Carolina 28043 Vulcan Materials Company P.O. Box 188 Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702 E. C. Cooper Sand Company Route 7 Easley, South Carolina 29640 Vermiculite Crushed stone Sand W. R. Grace & Company Route 1 Enoree, South Carolina 29335 Vulcan Materials Company P.O. Box 188 Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702 Zupan Sand Company Route 3 Greenville, South Carolina 29609 15196886 A-214 TABLE A-70 (continued) Countv Laurens Oconee Pickens Commodity Vermiculite Vermiculite Crushed stone Crushed stone Crushed stone Sand Crushed stone Spartanburg Sand Vermiculite partanburg Feldspar Crushed stone Company and Address W. R. Grace & Company Route 1 Enoree, South Carolina 29335 Patterson Vermiculite Company Route 1 Enoree, South Carolina 29335 Lone Star Industries, Inc. P.0. Box 5185 Columbia, South Carolina 29205 Vulcan Materials Company P.0. Box 188 Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702 Caldwell Engineering Company P.0. Box 159 Walhalla, South Carolina 29691 W. F. Thomas Sand Company Route 1 Old Farrs Bridge Road Greenville, South Carolina 29611 Vulcan Materials Company P.0. Box 188 Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702 L. G. Chapman Sand Pit, Inc. Route 1 Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302 W. R. Grace & Company Route 1 Enoree, South Carolina 29335 Spartan Minerals Company Pacolet, South Carolina 29372 Vulcan Materials Company P.0. Box 188 Blacksburg, South Carolina 29702 15196887 A-215 TABLE A-70 (continued) County____________________ Commodity Fairfield Crushed granite Dimension granite Clays Newberry Dimension granite Richland Clays Sand and Gravel Crushed granite York Crushed granite ______________ Company and Address Lone Star Industries P.0. Box 5185 Columbia, South Carolina 29205 Winnsboro Granite Co., Inc. Rion, South Carolina 29132 Southern Brick Company F.O. Box 208 Ninety Six, South Carolina 29666 Kershaw Granite Co., Inc. P.0. Box 250 Elberton, Georgia 30635 Coggins Granite Industries, Inc. P.0. Box 250 Elberton, Georgia 30635 Richtex Corporation P.0. Box 3307 Columbia, South Carolina 29203 Caroline Ceramics, Inc. RFD 3, Box 266 Columbia, South Carolina 29206 Duncon Kaolin Mine 3515 Devereaux Road Columbia, South Carolina 29205 Palmetto Quarries Company P.0. Drawer 5185 Columbia, South Carolina 29205 Lone Star Industries, Inc. P.0. Box 5185 Columbia, South Carolina 29205 Martin-Marietta Corporation P.0. Box 2568 Raleigh, North Carolina 27602 Lone Star Industries P.0. Box 5185 Columbia, South Carolina 151961 29205 Martin-Marietta Corporation P.O. Box 2568 Raleigh, North Carolina 27602 A-216 TABLE A-71. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SUAPSTONE IN SOUTH CAROLINA Asbestos Spartanburg County 1. Landrum area. Unknown variety of asbestos in dikes of pyroxenite altered to amphibolite. 2. Enoree area. Unknown variety of asbestos in magnesian rocks. 34*54' 81*54' 34*39' 81*55' Pickens County 3. Pickens area. Asbestos of unknown variety formed by alter ation of magnesian rock in aphanitic hornblende slates. 4. Woodall Mountain (Hagood property). Asbestos of unknown variety in narrow belt of partly metamorphosed rock in aphani tic hornblende slate. 34*54 ' 82*43' 34*53' 82*49' Oconee County 5. Ramsay place. Asbestos of unknown variety in partly meta morphosed amphibolite. 34*46' 82*52' Anderson County 6. Anderson area. Asbestos of unknown variety in amphibolite. 34*26' 82*45' Newberry County 7. Saluda Old Town. Asbestos of unknown variety in basic igneous rock. 34*13' 81*52' Talc and Soapstone 1. Soapstone Hill. 2. Fair View Church. 3. Central. 4. Cedar Springs. 3. Catawba River, near Nation Ford 6. Catawba Junction. 7. Halselville. 8. Edgefield. 34*35' 34*46' 34 * 44' 34 * 36' 34 * 38' 34*35' 34 * 34' 33*41' 83*06' 82*36' 82*49' 81*52' 81*00' 80*58' 81*15' 81*55' (Localities by North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196889 A-217 Table A-72 Value o( mineral production in South Carolina, by county t (Thounandt) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value Aiken........ Anderson____ Berkeley_____ Cherokee____ Chesterfield.. Colleton......... . Dorchester... Kdgefield_____ Fairfield.......... Florence.......... Greenville.... Greenwood___ Horry............... Jasper._______ Kershaw..... Lancaster.... Uumu______ Lexington.... Marion............. Marlboro..... Newberry.... Orangeburg... Pickens............ Richland.......... Spartanburg.. Sumter....... York......... Undistributed. $7,403 80 W w 669 wW ww w w w w w 860 w w 4,827 W W w w w 2.62* Ww w 39.894 $7,933 Clays, sand and travel. w Stone. 1,657 Stone, clays, aand and travel. 717 Sand and gravel. W Peat. W Cement, stone, clays, sand and gravel. w Clays. w Stone, clays. w Sand and gravel. 1,748 Stone, clays, sand and gravel. wW Stone. Sand and gravel, clays. w Sand and gravel. 818 Sand and gravel, clays, stone. W Mica, days, aand and gravel. w Vermieulite, atone. 4.920 Stone, sand and gravel, clays. W Sand and gravel, clays. w Do. W Clays, stone. ww Cement, stone, clays. Stone, sand and gravel. 2,843- Stone, clays, sand and gravel. W Stone, feldspar, sand and gravel. W Sand and gravel, days. w Stone. 46,348 Total *..................................................... 66.365 66.888 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." i The following counties are not listed because no production was reported: Abbeville, Allendale, Bamberg, Barnwell, Beaufort, Calhoun, Charleston, Chester, Clarendon, Darlington, Dillon, Georgetown, Hampton, Lee, McCormick, Oconee, Saluda, Union, and Williamsburg. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. 15196890 A-218 TAP.LE A-73. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN SOUTH CAROLINA Commodity and company Address Type of activity County Cement: Giant Portland Cement Co...... Santee Portland Cement Co..... Clays: Kaolin: Cyprus Mines Corp______ ... Dixie Clay Co............. J. M. Huber Corp.___...... National Kaolin Products Co. Southeastern Clay Co ......... 150 Strafford Ave. Wsyne. Pa. 19087 Box 698 Holly Hill, S.C. 29059 Box 1201 Trenton. NJ. 08606 230 Park Ave. New York. N.Y. 10017 630 Third Av. Na* York. N.Y. 1001T Box 431 Aiken, S.C. 29801 Box 1022 Aiken, S.C. 29801 Plant.................... Dorchester. WWW .do.. WWWW W w Orangeburg. Mine.................... AIVna. 2 mines....... Do. 4 mines....... Do. Mine......... Do. 6 mines....... Do. Common clay and ahale: Ashe Bnrk Co........................ Broad Stiver Brick Co........ .. Giant Portland Cement Co.. Gulgnard Brick Co......... Falmetto Brick Co......... Richtex Corp............... Santee Portland Cement Co.. Southern Briek Co.. Feldspar, crude: Spartan Minerals Co............ Mies, flake and scrap: The Mineral Mining Corp....... Peat: United States Peat Corp........ Sand and gravel: Becker Sand A Gravel Co. ...... Columbia Silica Sand Co_____ ... Palmetto Quarries Co........... Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp___ Wilson Bros. Sand Co., Inc...... Stone: Granite, crushed: Martin-Marietta Corp............. Lone Star Industries, Inc____ Vulcan Materials Co................ Granite, dimension: Comolli Granite Co.............. Kershaw Granite Co., Inc___ Winnsboro Granite Co limestone, crushed: Martin-Marietta Corp............. Vulcan Materials Co.....___ Mart, crushed: Giant Portland Cement Co.. Santee Portland Cement Co. Vermirullte: Crude: W. R. Grxe* & Co.................... Patterson Vermiculite Co____ Exfoliated: W. R. Grace it Co.................... Patterson Vermiculite Co.... Von Wyek. S.C. 20744................. Box 850 Gaffney, S.C. 29340 ISO Strafford Ave. Wayne. Pa. 19087 Box 668 Cayce, S.C. 29033 Box 430 Cberaw, S.C. 29520 Box 3307 Columbia, S.C. 29203 Box 698 Holly Hill, S.C. 29059 Box 208 Nintty Six. S.C. 29666 Route 1, Dox 14A Pacolet. S.C. 29372 Kenhaw, S.C. 29067..................... Box 568 Walterboro, S.C. 29488 Box 848 Cberxw, S.C. 29520 Box 1619 Columbia, S.C. 29202 Drawer 5185 Columbia, S.C. 29205 Gen. Operations Dept. Berkeley Springs, w. Va. 26411 Box 945 Greenwood, S.C. 29646 Box 2568 Raleigh. N.C. 27602 Drawer 5185 Columbia. S.C. 29205 Drawer 8834 Greenville, S.C. 29604 Box 898 Elberton, Ga. 30635 Box 250 Elberton, Ga. 30635 Kion, S.C. 29132... . Box 2668 Raleigh. N.C. 27602 Drawer 8834 Greenville, S.C. 29604 150 Strafford Ave. Wayne. Pa. 19087 Box 698 Holly Hill, S.C. 29059 62 Whittemore Ave. Cambridge, Maaa. 02140 Route 1 Enoree, S.C. 29335 62 Whittemore Ave. Cambridge, Mass. 02140 Route 1 Enoree, S.C. 29335 Mine.................... ____ do................. ____ do................ 3 mines............. Mine................. .. 6 mines....... Mine......... 2 mines._______ Plant............... .. Mine.................... Bog....................... 5 minn....... 2 mines....... Mine............. .. ____ do_________ ____ do_________ 4 quarries___ _ 3 quarries........... 4 quarries........... Quarry........ 3 quarries Quarry................ ____do.......... .. ____ do................. ____ do................. ____ do................. Several mines.. Mine.... ............. 2 plants.............. Pixnt................... Cherokee. Dorchester. Lexington. Marlboro. Fairfield, Lexington, Richland. Orangeburg. Greenwood and Newberry. Spartanburg* Lancaster. Colleton. Chesterfield* Dorchester, Marlboro, Sumter. Lexington. Richland. Lexington. Do. Fairfield, Lexington, Richland, York. Fairfield, Greenwood, Richland. Greenville, Laurens, Pickens, Spartanburg. Kershaw. Kershaw and Newberry. Fairfield. Berkeley. Cherokee. Dorchester. Orangeburg. Laurens. Do. Greenville and Laurens. Laurens. Source References A-219 (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, Benjamin A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (194) Geologic Map of the Crystalline Rocks of South Carolina, W. C. Overstreet and Henry Bell, III, 1965, USGS Map 1-413. (195) Catalogue of the Mineral Localities of South Carolina, Earle Sloan, 1958, South Carolina Division of Geology. (196) (197) Geology and Mineral Resources of Oconee County, South Carolina, Charles J. Cayeau, 1967, Bulletin No. 34, South Carolina Division of Geology. South Carolina Mineral Producers Directory, 1972, South Carolina Division of Geology (Circular 2). (198) The Mineral Industry of South Carolina, R. G. Clarke, and A. J. Lehocky, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines Mineral Yearbook. 15196892 A-220 South Dakota The igneous and metamorphic rocks of South Dakota are found in both the eastern and western parts of the state as shown in Figure A-56. As illustrated, only a very small area of the state has the Milbank Granite exposure (Grant County) which is of Precambrian age. This granite is noted for its value as monument stone and is currently quarried for that purpose. To the south in eastern South Dakota, a younger Precambrian rock, Sioux Quartzite, is exposed in several counties. This formation was deposited on an extremely irregular surface of older plutonic and other rocks. The quartzite is locally interbedded with pipestone. While the Sioux Quartzite was at one time quarried for building stone, it is very little used for this purpose now. Quarrying in the counties where the Sioux Quartzite is exposed is chiefly confined to the recovery of sand and gravel, with limited stone production. County Hanson Commodity Stone, sand and gravel Hutchinson McCook Minnehaha Sand and gravel Sand and gravel Sand and gravel, stone Moody Turner Sand and gravel Sand and gravel There are no reports of amphibole minerals in association with either the Milbank Granit or the Sioux Quartzite quarrying operations. The Black Hills uplift in the western part of South Dakota is a complex c : igneous and metamorphic rocks which include abundant amphibole minerals. The rocks are predominantly of Precambrian age. In the northern part of the uplift,there are extensive tertiary igneous intrusive rocks. 'igure A-57 shows the position of these intrusives and gives a generalized description of the rock types found in the Black Hills area. The current mining activities in the counties encompassing the Black Hills formations are as follows: 15196893 a-221 MARSHALL FIGURE A -5 6 . OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND MCTAMORPHIC ROCK IN SOUTH DAKOTA A-222 EXPLANATION Igneous intrusive rocks Harney Peak Granite Sedimentary rocks including all of Spearfish Formation, the lower part of which is uppermost Paleosoic Schist and amphibolite Sedimentary rocks Granitr gneiss FIGURE A-57. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE BLACK HILLS AREA OF SOUTH DAKOTA 15196895 A-223 County Commodities Custer Feldspar, sand and gravel, lime, stone Lawrence C-cj-I, sand and gravel, silver, stone Meade Sand and gravel, gypsum Pennington Cement, stone, sand and gravel, lime, clays, mica (scrap), beryllium, and feldspar The feldspar mica, and beryllium concentrates are chiefly hand cobbled from numerous pegmatites. Of principal interest to this study is the gold mining operation of Lawrence County where silver is recovered in the refining activities. This operation is being conducted by the Homestake Mining Company (Lead, South Dakota 57754). Rocks in the Lead district are Precambrian in age and consist of six formations with a total thickness of about 20,000 feet. The Homestake Mining Company recently has sunk new shafts to the 7189 level to develop ore in the "Nineteen" and "Twenty-one" Ledges of the formation. Igneous rocks in the Lead area are of two ages: amphibolite bodies deiived from Precambrian abbroic rocks, and small stocks, plugs, and dikes i Tertiary porphyries that range in composition from granite to syenite. The Precambrian rocks are dominantly iron-magnesium schistose rocks in the lower part of the sequence and argillaceous phyllites and schists in the upper part. They were isoclinally folded in Precambrian time and deformed further during the Teriary uplift and igneous intrusive activity. All of the major ore bodies occur in the Homestake Formation, which is a sidercplesite schist containing many bands of recrystallized chert. Where the metamcrphism reached the garnet grade of progressive metamorphisni, the schist of h< Homestake Formation is a cummingtonite schist. The ore bodies are culc.ritized port ons of the formation with the following suits of minerals: quartz, pyrriiotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, ankerlte, cummingtonite, bictite. garnet, allice, calcite, sericite, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopytite, specularite, magnetite, gypsum, and cciri. Mineralization of the deposists being worked has been postulated as both Precambrian and Tertiary. Almost 2 million cons of ore were mined in 1971 (down a bit from previous years t .cause of the effort expended in sinking the new shafts) from which 513,400 ounces of gold and 107,000 ounces of silver were recovered. With approximately 15196896 A-224 11 million tons of ore in reserve, mining could continue at the 1971 rate until about 1976. Information-on the disposition of the gangne rock was not reported. A summary of the principal mineral production of South Dakota is given in Tables of A-74 and A-75. Sources of References (199) Geologic Map of South Dakota, N. H. Darton, 1951, U.S.G.S. (200) Mineral and Water Resources of South Dakota, N. M. Denson and W. J. Mapel et. al., 1964, Bulletin No. 16, (Senate Resource Report), South Dakota State Geological Survey, Science Center, University of South Dakota, Vermillion South Dakota. (201) The Mineral Industry of South Dakota, J. M. West, 1971, U. S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 13196891 A-225 Tab 16 A-74 Value of mineral production in South Dakota, by county * (Thousands) County Aurora................ Beadle_________ Bon Homme... Brookings -- .. Brown. _______ Brule.................... Buffalo....... Butte................... Campbell..... Charles Mix... Clark................... Clay..................... Codington..... Corson____ .... Custer---- --------Davison_______ Day______ --. Deuel.....--. Dewey................ Douglas....... Edmunds..... Fall River.......... Faulk................... Grant......... Gregory...-----Hamlin....... Hand.._____... Hanson....... Harding...... Hughes....... Hutchinson.... Hyde......... Jerauld........ Jones......... Kingsbury____ Lake____ ..... Lawrence...... Lincoln...-----Lyman____ .... McCook_____ _ McPherson.... Marshall.......... Meade....... Mellette______ Miner____ ... ' Minnehaha___ Moody________ Pennington Perkins......... .. . Potter.... -- Roberts_______ Sanborn............ Shannon..... Spink........ Stanley... -- Sully.................. Todd................ Tripp................. Turner....... Union__ ..... Walworth____ Washabaugh.. Yankton..... Ziebach...... Undistributed* Total*. 1970 1971 Minerals produced In 1971 In order of value W *317 8$ 321 302 105 W W 188 126 W W 661 w 200 130 223 123 W 95 W W w w w 107 385 w w 94 w w 29 W 108 120 21,499 ^37 W W 234 189 v; 154 W W 16$ 8.503 US W 91 4 34 W W 60 li W v. w W` w 176 26,773 W W *42 779 181 W W w 303 140 155 w 840 W 685 w W W W W 318 \V 140 W 154 260 524 W 605 W W 48 22 W 21.556 W W W W 433 363 W 7 W , 157 12,313 294 W 257 4 35 W W w 69 138 W 134 W w w 65 21,982 Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Clays, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and gravel. Do. Do. Do. Do. Feldspar, send and gravel, lime, atone. Sand and graveL Do. Do. Sand and gravel, petroleum. Sand and graveL Do. Uranium, sand and gravel* petroleum. Sand ana graveL Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL ' Do. Do. Stone, sand and graveL Petroleum, tend and graveL Sand and graveL Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Gold, sand and gravel, silver, stone. Sand and graveL Do. Do. Do. Do. Sand and graveL gypsum. Sand and graveL Do. Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and gravel. Cement, atone, sand and graveL Ume, clays, mica (scrap), beryllium concentrate, feldspar. Sand and graveL Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and graveL Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 61,676 62,966 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed." * Haakon, Bennett, and Jackson Counties not listed because no production was reported. * Less than ^ unit. * Includes aand and graveL and stone the; cannot be assigned to specific counties, gem etonee, and values Indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent founding. 15196898 A-226 TABLE A-75. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS OF SOUTH DAKOTA Commodity and company Address Type or activity County Beryllium: Jack Pendleton.. John Carter......... L. W. Judson. Merle Chase.. Custer, S. Dak. 57780........... , 608 SL Cloud Rapid City. S. Dak. 57701 Herroosa. S. Dak. 67744.... ....do................................ Open pit..................... Pennington. ____ do...___ ............ Do. Set Mica................ Open pit................ - Do. Do. Cement: South Dakota Cement Commission. Drawer S51 Wet-process, S-rotary-ldln Rapid City, S. Dak. 67701 plant. Do. Clays: American Colloid Co... 6100 Suffieid Ct. Skokie, IU. 60076 Light Aggregates, Ine..... Box 1922 Rapid City, S. Dak. 67701 South Dakota Cement Drawer 861 Commission. Rapid City, S. Dale. 67701 Feldspar: George Bland............ Coster, 8. Dak. 67730.. International Mineral! 4 Administration Center Chemical Corp., Indus Old Orchard Rd. trial Minerals Division. Skokie, I1L 60079 Open pit mine and plant.. Butte. ....do............................ Pennington. Open pit mins........... Do. 2 open pltmloes......... Custer. 4 open pit mines and dry* Do. grinding plant. GoM: Homestake Mining Co... . Lead, S. Dak. 57764. Underground mine, eyanidatkm mill, and refinery. Lawrence. Gypsum: South Dakots Cement Commission. Drawer 861 Open pit mins.................... Mends. Rapid City, S. Dak. 67701 Lime: Pete Lien & Sons............ Box 8124, P.O. Annex Rapid City, S. Dak. 67708 1-rotary-kiln, l-vsrtleat- Pennington, kiln, continuous-hydrator plant. Mica (scrap): L. W. Judson................... .. Hermosa, S. Dak. 67744.... Open pit mine. Northwest Beryllium Corp. 218-219 American National Stockpile...... Bank Bldg. Rapid City, S. Dak. 6TT01 Do. Do. Petroleum: The Oxark Corp. Pennsoil United, Inc... Phillips Petroleum Co.. Box 2491 Casper, Wyo. 82601 900 Southwest Tower Houston, Tex. 77002 Frank Phillips Bldg. Bartlesville, Okla. 74003 Crude oil wells........................Custer (Barker Dome field). ....do.......__......... Harding (Buffalo field). ....do.................. Do. Sand and gravel (coramerical): Aggregates, Inc...------ ... Concrete Materials Co.... F. J. McLaughlin Co____ Floyd Oberg 4c Sons Construction Co. Hallett Construction Co.. L. G. Everi**. Inc....... Piekus Construction Co.. Tom Luke Construction.. Selby, S. Dak. 57472............ 8000 West Madison St. Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 67104 Watertown, S. Dak. 57201. Colton, S. Dak. 57018____ Crosby, Mini*. 66441..... 802 Paulton Bldg. Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 57102 Box 1414 Aberdeen, S. Dak. 67401 Kimball. S. Dak. 57835... Pit and plant. .................Lawrence. Pit and 2 plants..................... Minnehaha. ___.do._____......_______ Codington. Pit.................. Minnehaha. Pit. ............................................ Spink. 2 pita and plants......... Codington. Pit and plant..._____ ____ Brookings. ____ do...................... Pennington. ____ do..__________ ....... Brown. Spits........ Brule. 3 pita and plant.......... Davison. 2 pita................. _...................... Douglas. 3 pita_____________ _________ Lyman. Silver: Homestake Mining Co.... Lead, S. Dak. 67754. Set Gold................ Lawrence. Stone: Cold Sprint Granite Co... Cold Spring, Minn. 56320.. 2 quarries................................. Grant. Concrete Materials Co____ 3000 West Madison Street Quarry and plant......... Minnehaha. Sioux Falls, S. Dak. 67104 Dakota Granite Co....... Box 269 2 quarries............... Grant. Milbank. S. Dak. 67252 Delano Granite Works. Inc. Delano. Minn. 65328...... Quarry....________________ Do. Hills Materials Co........ Box 1392 Quarry and plant......... Pennington. Rapid City, S. Dak. 57701 L. G. Everiat, Xne. Pete Lien & Sons.. Robert Hunter Granite 302 Paulton Bldg. Sioux Kalis. S. Dak. 57102 Box 3124, P.O. Annex Rapid City, S. Dak. 57703 Milbank, S. Dak. 57262.. Quarry and plant.....____ Minnehaha. ____ do............................. Pennington. ....do._................ Do. Quarry.................. Grant. Co., Inc. South Dakota Cement Commission. Spencer Quarries, Inc____ Steiner-Rausch Granite Drawer 851 Quarry and plant......... Pennington. Rapid City, S. Dak. 57701 Spencer, S. Dak. 57374.... . Quarry..................................... lianaon. Ortonville, Minn. 56278... ............do........................... Grant. Co., Inc. Uranium: Susquehanna-Western, Ine Edgemont, S. Dak. 57735 .. Underground mine....... Fall River, Mines Development, Inc.. ....do____ .............. Acid-leach mill_____ _______ Do. 15196899 A-227 Tennessee The Unaka Mountains on the eastern border of Tennessee and the Vaney and Ridge province immediately to the west of the Unakas contain abundant metamorphosed formations. These metamorphosed sedimentaries are of Cambrian and Precambrian age and originally were conglomerates, sand stones, shales, and occasional limestone or dolomite formations. Locally, there are intrusive igneous rock bodies which are metadiorite and metagabbro in the Polk County area. The intrusives are possibly Paleozoic. Considerable mineralization is apparent in the metamorphic rock zone of eastern Tennessee in the counties ad identified on Figures A-58and A-59. The important metal mines in the area are located in Polk (principally copper, with zinc, silver, and gold associated recovery - also, sulfur recovery from the smelter off gas and from pyrite), and Hancock, Knox, and Jefferson Counties (principally zinc with associated sulfur recovry operations). Mineralization has occurred also to the west of the metamorphosed region. For example, an important new zinc prospect is being developed in Smith county. Fluorite prospects also are associated with the zinc prospects of Smith County, as well as in localized sites to the east - into the metamorphic zone. Fibrous amphiboles are not reported from the mineralized sitesin Tennessee. The commodities being recovered in the numerous counties of Tennessee are summarized in Table A-76* Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, U.S.G.S. Map 1-724. (202) Geologic Map of Tennessee, East-Central Sheet, G. D. Swingle, et. al, 1966. (203) Mineral Resources and Mineral Industries of Tennessee, W. D. Hardeman and R. A. Miller, 1959, Tennessee Department of Conservation and Commerce, Division of Geology. (204) Tennessee Mineral Producers Directory, S. J. Hunter, 1973, Tennessee "1 Geology, Nashville, Tennessee 37219. (2r 3) The Mineral Industry of Tennessee, H. R. Babitzke et. al., U. S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196900 FIGURE A-58. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN TENNESSEE L5196901 A-229 15196902 FIGURE A -5 9 . METAMORPHIC ROCK DISTRIBUTION IN EASTERN TENNESSEi A-230 Table A"76* Value of mineral production in Tennessee, by county * {Thousand*) County Anderson... Bedford_____ Kenton..... Bledsoe.... Klount____ _ Bradley..... (Campbell..., Cannon..... Carter...... Claiborne... Clay........ CiK*kc...... Codec...... {Cumberland. Davidson... Decatur.___ _ Dc Kalb.... Dickson.... Fayette...., Fentress.... Franklin.... Gibson...... Giles.................. Grainger. . .. Greene...... Grundy..... Hamblen.... Hamilton.... Hancock.... Hardeman... Hardin........... Hawkins.. .. Haywood... Henderson... Henry.. .... Hickman.... Humphreys.. Jefferson.... Johnson..... Knox....... i*auderdale.. Lincoln..... Loudon..... McMinn.... McNairy .... Maeon...... Marion. .... Marsha!!____ M aury............. M**igs............. Monroe______ M ontgomery M oore ______ _ M organ..... Obior.............. tvt*rton_____ .'`prry ....... Tickfitt. .... l'oik.................. Futnair............ Ithea............. Hoanc*. . . . .. Kot*r.-Uol___ kutheriord.. Scott. ...... Sequatchie.. Sevier________ Shelby...... Smith............... Stewart..___ Suliivan.___ _ Sumner........... 'i ipton............. Unicoi.. . ... Union...... Van Duron.. Warren. . . .. W .a*Mngton. Wayne....... Wnstkicy..... White............... . Williamson... Wilson................ Undistributed. 1970 W Ww w w $1.697 8,981 W W w w w w 1,716 9.680 W 13S 4S1 65 41K 4.720 W 1,619 146 W W W 13.745 W W W W W 3,564 W W 25,04W0 23,966 WW 421 72Ww6 ww 6,679 W W W W 2.312 W 78 W 2W4 wwW 1.09; 3.473 \v 606 81wW0 \wv w w 135 1,858 Ww \V W w w w $104,793 1971 Mineral produred in 1971 in order of value W $420 W 216 W W 16,437 W W 12,826 W Coal, atone. Slone. Sand and (ravel, atone. Coal. Stone. Do. Coal, atone, sand and gravel. Stone. Do. Coal, atone, petroleum. Stone, petroleum. W 1,942 11,195 W 224 W W 1,032 4,466 W 1,224 143 W W W 16.087 W W W W 7 W W W W 26,911 W 20,132 74 W 40S 444 W W W W W W W W VV 2.820 W W W 71 23,78.; 2,057 W W W 940 4.0lt' \V W 2,l7h 81 W W W \V 1,140 1,095 W V WW \Wv \v $87,723 Stone. Stone, sand and gravel, coal. Cement, atone, clay. Stone, sand and gravel. Stone. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Goal, atone, petroleum. Cement, atone, sand and gravel, day. Sand and graveL Phosphate rock, atone, aaad and gravel. Stone. Stone, sand and graveL Co--.i. sand and gravel, stone. Stoce. Cement, atone, sand and gravel, coal, clay, Zinc. ^Lone. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone. Sand and graveL Do. Clay. Phosphate rock. Stcne, sand and gravel. Zinc, stone. Stone. Cement, zinc, atone, lime, sand and gravel, -clay. Sand and gravel. Stone. barite, clay, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone, barite. Sand and gravei. Stone. Coal, cement, stone. Stone. , Pnosphate rock, stone. Stone. Stone, barite, sand and graveL Stone. Do. Coal, petroleum, natural gas. Sand and gravei. Sion-., petroleum. Sand and gravel. Slone, petroleum. Copper, pyrites. zinc,silver, sand and gravel, gold. S'.i^r.v, real, sand ana gravel. Stone, clay. Stone, coal. petroleum. S', on-.-. pi-Lruieum, natural gaa. Ou,,;. tone. .Sii't:*'. iiaml and gravet. S.ind and gravel. Stunt-. Do. Cement, atone, clay. Slone. Sand and gravo'. Sand and gravel, atone. Stone. Coal. Stone, natural gae. Stone, hand anu gravt-i, clay. C :S.wl and gravel, stone. sm .Stone, real. Stor.v. phnaphate rork. Stn:i. Iota! 220,465 1 239,662 W Withheld to avoid dwelling individual company confident};:, ijua: intrude i wjtfc "Undistributed/* 1 7 re iollowing counties arc not listed bi*cause no production u^s reimrtedfCarrol:, Cheatham, Cheater, Crorhru. Dyer, Houston, Jarkaon, Lake, Lawrence, Lewis, Madi^.m, an ! Trousdale. J includes values indicated by symbol W. s Data does not add to total shown because of independent rounding. ^5196903 A-231 Texas There are two areas in Texas wherein igneous and metamorphic rocks may be found: west Texas and central Texas as shown in Figure A-60. Precambrian igneous rocks and metamorphosed rock of several ages are locally exposed. There is considerable mineral wealth in both the West Texas and the Central Mining Districts, although exploitation of the wealth is at a moderately slow pace. The commodities being produced in the two districts are civen in Table A-77. Talc is the principal value mineral in Hudspeth County of the West Texa:s Mining District. Talc, soapstaone, and asbestos are found in both the West and Central Texas Hinitig The principal localities for the occurrences are marked on the map figure and are described in Table A-78. TABLE A-77. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCTION IN ASBESTIFORM AREAS OF TEXAS County Culberson Hudspeth Jeff Davis Presidio Brewster West Texas Mining District Commodities Fossil fuels, sulfur, stone, talc Talc, gypsum, stone, fossil fuels None produced Mercury (inactive mine)/gold Clays, fluorspar, mercury (inactive mine) Blanco Burnet Gillespie Lampasas Llano Mason Sam Sabamn Central Mining District Sand and gravel Stone, graphite, sand and gravel Gypsum, soapstone, stone, sand and gravel Sand and gravel Stone, sand and gravel Sand and gravel Stone 15196904 A-232 FIGURE A-60. OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC ROCK IN TEXAS 15196905 A-233 TABLE A-78. ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE OCCURRENCES IN TEXAS Asbestos Llano County 1. Rode. Long brittle fibers of trem- 30*30' olite asbestos in vein in shear zone between homblendite and micaquartz schist'. 2. Crab Apple Creek. Small deposit of tremolite (7) asbestos. 30*30' 3. Oxford. Small deposit of amphibole asbestos. 30*37' 98*56' 98*46' 98*42' Blanco County 4. Coal Creek. Several 6mall depo6its of tremolite asbestos in serpentine. 30*29' 98*33' Talc and Soapstone Allamope district. Deposits consist of talc rock in interbedded phyllites, volcanic rocks, and carbonate rocks of Precambrian age. The deposits were probably derived from dolomitic beds or magnesium-rich volcanic rocks. Flawn, 19)8; King and Flawn, 1953. 1. Southwestern No. 4 and Rossman mines. 31*09' 103*10' 2. Glen Ray prospect. 31*10' 103*07' 3. Milwhite mine and Escondido prospects. 31*09' 103 *03' 4. Section 18 prospect. 31*08' 103*01' ). Lone Star, Texas Talc, and Southern 31*07' 105*00' Clay mines. 6. Buck Spring prospect. 31*06' 104*57' Llano district. Deposits consist of soapstone associated with serpentinite derived from ultramafic igneous rocks, but many small bodies are isolated in schist or gneiss near serpentinite bodies. Barnes. 19)2; Barnes and others, 19)0; Dietrich and Lonsdale, 19)8. 7. Bratton Ranch area. 30*56' 99*20' 8. Esbon School and Rough Mountain 30*50' 98 * 54' areas. 9. Llano area. 30*46' 98*42' 10. Graphite area 30*45' 98*32' 11. Oxford area 30*36' 98*42' 12. Sandy Mountain area. 30*37' 98*28' 13. Keener Brook and Crabapple Creek West areas. 30*31' 98*47' 14. Crabapple Creek East and Legion 30*29' 98*44' Creek areas. 13. Cedar Mountain and Comanche Creek 30*31' 98*35' areas. 15196906 16. Youngblood Creek, Coal Creek, and 30 26' 98*36' Big Branch areas. (Localities are given in terms of North Latitude and Vest Longitude) A-234 The Allamore District, chiefly in Hudspeth County, but extending eastward into Culberson County (west Texas) is worked for the recovery of talc rock by several companies as described below. Texas Talc Company, Allatnoore, Texas 79829 Pioneer Talc Company, Chatsworth, Georgia 30705 Southern Clay Products, Inc., P.O. Box 44, Gonzales, Texas 78629 The United Sierra Division, Cyprus Mines Corporation, P. 0. Box 1201, Trenton, New Jersey 08606 Westex Talc Company, P. 0. Box 15038, Houston, Texas 77020 Milwhite Company, Inc., Houston, Texas 77020 Collectively, the talc producers of this area had an annual production of over 160,000 tons in 1968 (increasing annually) and tens of millions of tons are in near-surface reserves. The talc rock is locally ground and shipped for use in products such as roofing material and fillers for insecticides, paint, rubber, and plastics. Fibrous amphibole asbestos (variety called richterite which may be considered the alkali-rich [3.54 percent ^0] analog of tremolite) is found in the same area and is locally present with talc. Some crocidolite also is found. Mafic igneous rocks which are probably diabase sills are plentiful in the area. The main richterite deposit is in a low hill of dolomite. Asbestos content ranges from a trace to up to about 75 percent. Slip-fiber asbestiforms generally predominate, but cross-fiber and bent-fiber forms are also common. Variable amounts of other minerals are closely associated with the richterite deposits. These include talc, tremolite, mica, actinolite, quartz dolomite, and a poorly crystallized layer of silicate. A company was formed in early 1971 by Albert Gregory (Van Horn Soapstone and Talc Corpora tion, Van Horn, Texas) to exploit the asbestos deposites of west Texas. Asbestos, talc, and soapstone also are found in metamorphosed rock of the Central Mining District, chiefly in Gillespie, Blanco, and Llano Counties. The asbestos is principally tremolite and other asbestiform amphiboles although some chrysotile asbestos occurs locally. Soapstone is much more abundant than talc but most of the soapstone deposits contain intermixed talc and smphibole minerals among other diluents. Currently, the only production of any of these minerals appears to be minor amounts of a serpentine-soapstone type rock crushed for use as terrazzo chips. 15196907 A-235 The asbestiform minerals, talc and soapstone of the Central Mining District are closely related to the numerous serpentine rock bodies of the area. Originally, the serpentine bodies were mostly olivine. The serpentine masses lie within the Valley Spring gneiss and Packsaddle schist. It has been suggested that the olivine masses were emplaced after the Valley Spring and Packsaddle formations (middle Precambrian) but before the Big Branch gneiss (also Precambrian). There is a wide variation in mineral suites from location to location within the known occurrences of the serpentine masses. Elsewhere in Texas, no occurrences of the fibrous amphibole minerals in association with any of the mining or quarrying activities of the state, are reported. Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (206) Geological Highway Map of Texas, H. B. Renfro, 1962, Map. No. 7 The American Association of Petroleum Geologists and USGS, AAPG, P.0. Box 979, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74101. (207) (208) Asbestos in the Allamoore Talc District, Hudspeth and Culbertson Counties, Texas, R. G. Rohrbacher, 1973, Geological Circular 73-1, Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712. Utilization of Texas Snerpentine, V. E. Barnes, et. al., 1950, Publication No. 5020, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712. (209) Building Stones of Central Texas, V. E. Barnes, et al.. Publication No. 4246, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712. (210) The Mineral Industry of Texas, S. 0. Wood, Jr., and R. Girard, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196908 A-236 Utah Numerous counties In the state of Utah are marked by the geologic occurrence of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. The major rock bodies of this type are located on Figure A-61. The occurrence of the Precambrian formations also are shown in the map figure. As shown in the figure, several of the igneous rock bodies occur within or adjacent to these rocks that have been metamorphosed to various degrees. Thus, most of the counties in Utah have extensive areas characterized by the presence of ancient metamorphic rocks or by younger metamorphism resulting from the Igneous rock invasions. Further, there is not a single couny in Utah that does not have widespread mineralization of their rock formations. Somewhat surprisingly, however, mineralization is often found to be marginally concentrated so that economical mining activity is not as profuse in Utah as might be surmized from a general geologic assessment. The center of the mining activity in Utah is in Salt Lake County. Production is chiefly of the metallics, copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, and zinc. Nonmetallic operations are extensive also, chiefly cement, sand and gravel, lime, and stone, since these domestic industrial minerals are required by the large number of people in this county. A detail map of Salt Lake County (Figure A-62 is presented which shows the areal extent of the operations. This map is keyed to the tabulation of commodities and operations of Salt Lake County, as listed.in Table A-79. The counties adjacent to Salt Lake County, Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, Summit, Morgan, and Davis are mineral producers also. The small production from Davis and Morgan Counties is limited to the recovery of stone, sand and gravel. A large production of the metallic minerals occurs in the other adjacent counties of Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Summit. However, the associate minerals from these operations are not reported. Elsewhere, there is consider able mineral production from the counties of Juab, Iron, Garfield, Emery, Uintah (principally fossil fuels), Grand, and San Juan. A summary of the principal producers in Utah except for the fossil fuel processes, is given in Table A-80. 15196909 A-237 Ingeous extrusive and intrusive rocks y/^/y Precambrian rocks 15196910 A-238 Location and Operators Big Cottonwood Mining District International Pipe & Ceramics Big Cottonwood Sand & Gravel Co. A. J. Dean & Sons Dan R. Fogle Harris Bothers Constr. Co. Walker Sand & Gravel Co. Bingham Mining District U-V Industries Co. Kennecott Copper Corp. Draper Draper Sand & Gravel Holladay A & L Concrete Harper-Jackson Sand & Gravel South Fast Sand & Gravel hot Springs Mining District Portland Cement Co. Merrico Inc. Kearns Breitling Bros. Constr. Co. D. W. Brimhall Co. Location and Operators Pioneer Sand & Gravel Sorensen Sand & Gravel Utah Sand & Gravel Products Snider Rock Products Little Cottonwood Mining District J. J. Beeson Midvale Armin A. Rosenhan Murray White Concrete Products. Inc. Beehive Sand & Gravel North Salt Lake City Chapman & Chapman Gibbons & Reed Co. P. C. Kimball Utah Sand & Gravel Products Salt Lake City Filtrol Corporation Acme Lite Wate Products, Inc. Morton Salt Company W. W. Clyde Location and Operators Cox Bros. Constr. Co. Gardner, Inc. Geneva Rock Products Prince Block Co. Utah Sand & Gravel Products Vermiculite-lntermountain Inc. Sandy Wilford H. Hansen R. Whitmore Asphalt Products, Inc. Smelter Mining District International Smelting & Refining Kennecott Copper Corp. England Constr. Co. M & M Constr. Co. South Salt Lake City Geneva Rock Products West Jordan Salt Lake Valley Sand & Gravel FIGURE A-62. MINERAL OPERATIONS IN SALT LAKE COUNTY, UTAH 15196911 A-239 TABLE A-79. Mineral Commodities and Operators, Salt Lake County, Utah (From: Utah Mineral Industry Operator Directory) 1Commodity Name of property Location Operator Production * Cement rock Oemerit rock Clay, iirt -iay, quartzite Copper, gold, lead, silver Copper, lead, silver Copper, lead, Jilvu. zinc Parley's Canyon quarry See. 24, T1S-R1E Hot Springs mining district Parley's Canyon limestone quarry and cement plant Portland Cement Co. 615 W. 8th S. Salt Lake City, Utah 34104 NC White Concrete products Murray Cottonwood Clay pits Circle "M" Nos. 1 andZ Sec.24.T2S-R1E Big Cottonwood mining district White Concrete Products, Inc. 219 W. Central Ave. Murray, Utah 84107 International Pipe and Ceramics Corp. c/o Interpace Corp. 260 Cherry Hill Road Parsippany, New Jersey 07054 NW NW Wasatch mine Cleanup SW Sec. 6.T3S-R3E Little Cottonwood mining district Midvale Beeson Exploration Joseph J. Beeson, Pres. 875 Donner Way Salt Lake City, Utah B4108 Armin A. Rosenhan 750 E. 6400 S. Midvale, Utah 84047 A O Murray i dump SE Sec. 12.T2S-R1W SWSec. 7.T23 R1W Smelter mining district International Smelting and Refining NW Co., L. J. Eliason. Pres. R. F. D. No. 1 Tooele, Utah 84074 Copper, lead, silver, zinc Butterfield mine SW Sec. 29.T3S-R2W West Mountain (Bingham) mining district Gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc Cardiff mine Gold, silver, copper, molybdenite, moiybdic oxide, ammonium perrhenate, self uric acid, platinum, palladium, bismuth, selenium, lead, nickel Utah Copper mine Gold, silver, copper, lead, U. S. and Lark mine zinc, pyrites T3S-R3E Little Cottonwood mining district SW Sec. 26.T3S-R3W Bingham district West Mountain (Bingham) SWScc. 29.T3S-R2W West Mountain (Bingham) Granite (dimension) Granite Hnlloysite Peoa Stone quarry T3S-R1W 8803 S GOO W Sandy Temple granite quarry and plant Halloysite Process plant SE NE Sec. 12, T3S-R1E Wasatch Resort Sandy Salt Lake City Limestone Chapman pits SWSW Sec. 13, T1S -R1E North Salt Lake U-V Industries Co. (U. S. Smelting, Refining and Mining Co.) University Club Bldg., Salt Lake City, Utah 84110 Beeson Exploration Joseph J. B' oson. Pres. 875 Conner Way Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 Kennecott Copper Corp. Utah Copper Division P. O. Box 11299 Salt Lake City. Utah 84111 U-V Industries Co. (U. S. Smelting, Refining and Mining Co.), University Club Bldg., Salt Lake City. Utah 84111 Wilford H. Hansen Stone Quarries. Inc. P. O. Box 86 Sandy, Utah 84070 R. Whitmore 430 E. South Temple Salt Lake City, Utah 84110 Filtrol Corp. 2580 Andrew Ave. Swi. Lu!:e Ci:.v' l n.-r- ox i in Chapman and Chapm. l 53GS. 2nd E. No. 515 Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 C W C O NO NW NW NO V -n oroduction symbols 15196912 Commodity A-240 TABLE A-79.(continued) Name of property Location Opeiator.'address Production Limestone, lime, stone (dimension) Perlite Salt Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Salt Lake City limekiln SW Sec 17. T1S-R3W Smelter mining district UTCO Salt Lake City Saltair plant Secs. S and 6. T1S- R2W Saltair Salt Lake City A and L gravel pits Asphalt Products pits Sec. 23, T2S-R1E 6400 S. 3010 E. Holladay Sec. 1, T3S-R1E Sandy Beehive sand and gravel pits Big Cottonwood gravel pits Kearns gravel pits Brimhall gravel pits Clyde pits Sec. 28, T2S-R1E 15th E. 70th S. Murray SE Sec. 14.T2S-R1E Cottonwood Big Cottonwood mining district SW Sec. 4, T2S--R1W 4537 S. 3200 W. Kearns NESec. 17.T2S-R1W 3200 W. 5600 S. Kearns ' Salt Lake City CPC Valley pits Cox Bros, pits 2200 N. 1200 W,, Salt Lake City 9400 S. 1125 E.. Salt Lake City 3200 W. 5400 S.. Salt Lake City 6000 S. 700 W,, Bountiful 6901 Wasatch Blvd. Salt Lake City Salt Lake City Dean and Sons pits Big Cottonwood mining district Kcnnecott Copper Corp. Utah Copper Division P. O. Box 11299 Salt Lake City; Utah 84110 Acme Lite Wate Products, Inc. 330 Hartwell Ave. Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 Morton Salt Company 110 N. Wacker Dr. Chicago, III. 60606 Also: 1545 S. 1100 E. Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 A and L Concrete Co. 67 E. 8000 S. Sandy, Utah 84047 Asphalt Products, Inc. 1820 Beck St. Salt Lake City. Utah 84116 Beehive Sand and Gravel P. O. Box 7253 Murray, Utah 84117 Big Cottonwood Sand and Gravel Co. 6695 S. Wasatch Blvd. Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 Breitling Bros. Constr. Co. 3645 S. Wasatch Blvd. Salt Lake City, Utah 84104 D. W. Brimhall Co. 17 E. 6150 S. Murray, Utah 84107 W. W. Clyde North Main P. O. Box 350 Springville, Utah 84663 Concrete Products Co. Divison of G and R Co.. Hobusch Walker Whitehlill end Tehem 41 West Central Ave. P. O. Box 7356 Murray, Utah 84107 Cox Bros. Constr. Co. 50E.1 N. Manti, Utah 84642 A. J. Dean and Sons 6G95 S. Wasatch Blvd. Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 NB NW NC NW NO NC NC NC NO NW NW NW NW Commodity Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, grovel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, giavcl Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, guvet Sand, gravel Sami. mujvcI .Sand, <|iavcl Sand, gravel A-241 Table A-79.(continued) Name ol property Location Opcraior/address Production Draper pits England Consir., sand and gravel pits Fogle gravel pit Gardner pits Geneva rock products North Salt Lake gravel pits Hai per--Jackson gravel pits Bethers Constr. Kimball gravel pit M and M pit Pioneer sand and gravel pits Piittctt gravel pit and plant Welby pit Draper Smelter mining district Sec. 14.T2S-R1E 665 Big Cottonwood Canyon Road Big Cottonwood mining district Salt Lake City South Salt Lake City SESec. 23, T1N-R1W North Salt Lake City SW SESec. 14.T2S-R1E K mile east 5800 Holladay Blvd. Holladay Big Cottonwood mining district N Sail Lake City Smelter mmmg district 3200 W. 5600 S. Kearns Sail Lake City Salt Lake County nruvcl pit IGSSuym St. Midvole 9000 S 5600 W. lNe*.l Jmriun Draper Sand aitd Gravel 11900 S. 1000 E. Draper, Utah 84020 England Construction Co. P. O. Box 488 Tooele. Utah 84074 Dan R. Fogle Sand and Gravel Products 7817 S. 2000 E. Salt Lake City, Utah 84115 W. W. and W. B. Gardner, Inc. 1399 S. 7th E. Salt Lake City, Utah 84110 Geneva Rock Products Co. 350 W. 3900 S. Salt Lake City, Utah 84115 Gibbons and Reed Co. Concrete Products Division P. O. Box 2429 Sait Lake City, Utah 84110 Harper--Jackson Sand and Gravel 5909 Tolcate Lane Salt Lake City. Utah 84121 Harris Bethers Constr Co. P. 0. Box 26 Hcber. Utah 84032 P. C. Kimball 22 E. 400 S. North Salt Lake, Utah 84054 M and M Construction Co. P. 0. Box 981 Tooele. Utali 84074 Pioneer Sand and Gravel Richard M. Savage. Pres. P. 0. Box 18457 Salt Lake City. Utah 84118 Prince Block Co. 170 W. 17th S. Salt Lake'Cily. Utah 84115 Salt Lake County Dept, ol Roads and Bridges Rm. 205, City and Co. Bldg. Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 NW NB NW NW NC NO NW NW NW NW NC NW NW ValMvy pif Jordan Narrows Blulldjie Sail Lake Valley Sand and Gravel Qua r SanrJy, Uinh 84070 NW 15196914 - Ti Commodity A-242 TABLE A-79.(continued) Name of property Location Operator/address Pi oduction Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Sand, gravel Stone (crushed) Vermiculite Kearns gravel pits Key Industries. Inc. pin Kearns pit t Stauffer pit Cottonwood Heights pit Walker gravel pits Kearns pit Ute White quartzite quarry Regional SESWScc. 8. T2S-R1W 3616 W. 5400 S. Kearns Sorensen Sand and Gravel Co. Leon G. Sorensen. Pres. Box 18545 Kearns, Utah 84118 NW Sec. 23. T2S--R1E 6500 Holladay Blvd. Holladay South East Sand and Gravel Co. Box 17345 Salt Lake City. Utah 84117 6000 S. 5400 W. Kearns Lltah Sand and Gravel Products 1730 Beck Street P. O. Box 537 Salt Lake City. Utah 84116 NE Sec. 23, T1N-R1W N Salt Lake Utah Sand and Gravel Products 1730 Beck Street P. O. Box 537 Salt Lake City. Utah 84116 NW Sec. 23, T2S--R1E 6687 S. 2300 E. Salt Lake City SE Sec. 23, T2S--R1E 6950 S. Wasatch Blvd. Big Cottonwood mining district Utah Sand and Gravel Products 1730 Ceck Street P. O. Box 537 Salt Lake City. Utah 84116 Walker Sand and Gravel Co. Walker, J. B., Inc. 21 S. 10th W. Salt Lake City. Utah 84121 Kearns George A. Wood Snider Rock Products 393 W. 48th S. Kearns. Utah 84118 Parleys Bluff Hot Springs mining district Merrico. Inc. 5200 S. Main St. Salt Lake City, Utah 84107 Salt Lake City Vermiculite-- Interrnountain Inc. 333 W. 1 S. Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 NC NW NB NC NC NC NW NW NW Key to production symbols: A 1-5000 tons B 5000-50,000 tons C 50,000-500,000 tons D 500,000 tons or more 0 No production W Data withheld N Prefixed to distinguish nonmetallic mineral data. 15196915 A-243 TABLE A-80. UTAH MINERAL COMMODITIES AND PRODUCERS (EXCEPT FOSSIL FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCTS) Commodity md company Addrwa Typo of activity County Beryllium: Brush Wellman, Ine7"67 W. 2950 S. - . j. . Carbon dioxide (natural): Salt Laka City. Utah 84116 Equity Oil Co..........................R00 Antrim Oil Bide. Coment- 8,11 Uk* City' Uuh 84,01 Open pit mine......................... Juab. Chemical promising plant.. Millard. WriJjtnd giant. Farnhasn Carbon. Co, Div. of 420 Ideal Cement Bld(. Ideal Buie Induetnee. Ine.` Denver, Colo. 80202 * Portland Coment Co. of Boa 1469 CUyi; Uub- Salt Laka City, Utah 84110 piltrol Corp............................. 2260 E. Wuhlnrton Blvd. Interatate Brick Co.............. j CtUt' 90023 Utdite Carp...................... j5?ke Clty> Utah 84100 ... , _ Coaivlile, Utah 84017 Weetern Clay & Metals Co. 1200 S. Atlanlie Blvd. Alhambra, Calif. S1803 W.t pram, 2-coUry-kfln Moreen, plant, Wrt proem.......................... Salt Loko. Open pit-underground min*. Jutb. l*" P*` "lorn..........................Sevtar. Summit. Open pit mine mid upend- Summit.' ing plant. 2 open pit mines... ....... Sevier. Copper: Hecla Mining Co.,....., Kenneeott Copper Corp*, Utah Copper Division. Boa S20 Wallace, Idaho 83873 Boa 11299 Salt Lake City* Utah 84111 United States Smelting 186 E. South Temple St* Defining and Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 Fluorspar: Centennial Development Eureka, Utah 84628....... Co. Chcaley & Black, Inc..... Delta, Uuh 84624................... Spor Bros..... Box 276 Delta, Utah 84G24 Willden Fluorspar Co..... Box 636 Delta, Uuh 84624 Gold: Hecla Mining Co......... Box 320 Wallace. Idaho 83873 Kenneeott Copper Corp., Box 11299 Utah Copper Division. Sail Lake City, Uuh 84111 United Tark City Mines Star Ruute 1, Box 40 Co. lieber City, Utah 64032 United States Smelting 136 E. South Temple St. Refining and Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Uuh 84111 Gypsum: Georgia Pacific Corp., P.O. Box 311 Gypsum Division. Portland. Oreg. 97207 United States Gypsum Co. 101 S. Wacker Drive Chicago, IIL 60606 Iron ore: CF&I Steel Corp................... Box 1920 Pueblo. Colo. 80201 United States Steel Corp., Lander, Wyo. 82520________ Western Ore Operations. Uuh Construction & Box 649 Mining Co. Cedar City, Uuh 84720 Lead: Deer Trail Mines St 1834 S. Woodside Dr. Arundel Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Utah 84172 Heels Mining Co............ .. Box 320 Wallace, Idaho 83873 Kenneeott Copper Corp., Box 250 Tintie Division. Eureka, UUh 84628 United Park City Mines Sur Route 1, Box 40 Co. Heber City, Uuh 84032 United Sutes Smelting 136 E South Temple St. Refining end Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Uuh 84111 United Sutes Smelting ____ do_____ ......... Refining and Mining Co. (MeFarland 6c Hullinger, lessee). Lime: The FUntkote Co.. U.S. 2244 Beverly Blvd. Lime Division.* Los Angeles, Calif. 90067 Kenneeott Copper Corp... Box 11299 Salt Lake City. Uuh 84111 Uuh Marblehead Lime 300 W. Washington St. Co. Chicago, III. 6060G Magnesium chloride: Kaiser 300 Lakeside Drive Aluminum 4r Chemical Corp., Oakland, Calif. 94612 Bonneville, Ltd., Division. Molybdenum: Kenneeott Copper Corp., Utah Copper Division. Box 11299 Salt Lake City, Utah 84111 See Gold................................. Weaatch. Open pit mine, crusher, 2 Balt Laka. dotation mills, preciplU- tkm plant, smelter, end electrolytic refinery. _ 5m Lead................. Do, Open pit and underground Juab, mines. Open pit mine. ........... Do* Open pit and underground Do. mines. Underground mine......... Do. Underground mine end Wasatch, flotation mUL Set Copper__________ ____ Salt L*ke. Sm Zinc.................. Summit. See Lead......................................Salt Lake. Open pit mine and calcining Sevier, plant. ....do............ .. Do, 3 open pit mines.......... Iron. Open pit mine..---------..... Do. 2 open pit mines, mobile crushing and screening plant, and beneficiation plant. Do. See Zinc.............................. .. Piute. See Gold......................................Wasatch. See ZincUtah. ____ do..____ _____ ....____ Summit. Underground mine and Salt Lake, custom flotation mill. Underground mine......... Tooele. 2-ahaft-kiln plant.......... Do. Lime kiln................ Salt Lake. Rotary.kiln plant______ _____ Do. Solar evaporation.......... Do. See Copper........................... Do. 15196916 A-244 TABLE A-80. (continued) Comtn rwiity and company Addrese Type of activity County Phosphate rock: StauQer Chemical Co 636 California St. San Francisco. Calif. Mill Potaaeium salts: Great Salt Lake Minerals Box 1190 A Chemicals Corp. Ogden, Utah Kaiaer Aluminum A a00 Lakeside Drive Chemical Corp. Oakland Calif. 94004 Teaas Gulf Sulprur Co__ _ 200 Park Ava. New York, N.Y. 10017 Pumice: Thompson Block Co.. 620 N. 400 W. Cedar City, Utah 64720 omit. Great Salt Lake Minerals Box 1190 it Chemicals Corp. Ogden, Utah Hardy Salt Co........... P.O. Drawer 449 St. Louie, Mo. 65166 Morton Salt Co. a division 110 N. Wacker Drive of Morton Internationa). Chicago, IIL 60C06 Inc. Solar Salt Co_. _ ,,___ ..... 270 Crossroad Square Salt Lake City, Utah 64116 Sand and crave): Breitling Bros. Construc 2646 S. 500 W. tion, Inc. Salt Lake City, Uuh 84104 Construction Materials R.K.D. 4. Box 611 Corp., Savage Pros., Inc^ American Fork, Utah 64003 Division. Dan K. Fogle Sand & 160 Hartwell Ave. Grave! Products. Sait Lek City, Utah 64116 Gihhonx A lloed Co., Con 41 W. Central Ave. crete Products Co. Murray, Utah K4107 Division. Open pit-underground mine. Rieh. Open pit mine and bene- Uintah, delation plant. Brine processing plant..... Weber. ....do............... Tooele. Underground mine and Grand, flotation refinery. Open pit mine and crushing Beaver. and screening plant. ....do................... Iron. Solar evaporation.....................Weber. ....do.................. Salt Lake. Lake brine processing plant. Do. ....do...___............. Tooele. Bit and plant..................... Salt Lake. ____ do..................................... Davis. Pit and 3 plants...... Salt Lake. Tit and plant............... .. Davia. ....do...___......._______ Salt Lake. ....do......................................... Weber. Pioneer Sand 6c Gravel.... 6200 W. 6400 S. Granger Dr. Pit and plant............................ Salt Lake. Salt Lake City, Utah K4116 Sorensen Sand 4c Gravel.. Box 18545 ------ do........................... Do. Kern*, Utah 84118 Utah Sand A Grrvel Box 637 8 plu and planU............... Do. Product* Corp. Salt l^ike City, Uuh 84110 Selenium: Kennecott Copper Box 11299 See Copper................................. Do. Corp.. Utah Copper Salt Lake City. Uuh 84111 Division. Silver: l>r*r Trail Mines A Arundel Mining Co. 1834 S. WoodVide Dr. See Zinc........................................ Piute. Salt I^ke City. Uuh 64172 liecla Mining Co................. Box 320 Sec Gold..................................... Wasatch. Wallace, Idaho K3S73 Kennecoll Copper Corp., Box 260 See Zinc....... ...............................UUh. Tintic Division Eureka, UUh 84G26 Kennecott Coppe' Corp., Box 11299 See Copper........................ Utah Copper Division. Salt J.ake City, Uuh 64111 Salt Lake. Kennecott Copi>er Corp. ____ do...................... ............. Underground mine.................. Do. (lien Dixon 4c Christie, lessee.) United Park City Mine* Sur Route 1, Box 40 Co. Heber City, Uuh K4032 United States Smelting Re 136 Ik South Temple St. See Zinc....... ...............................Summit. See Lead..................................... Salt Lake. fining and Minng Co. Salt Lake City, Uuh 64111 United Stale* Smelting Re ____ do......................................... ____ do.......................... ............... Tooela. fining and Mining Co. (McFarland it Hullinger, lessee). Stone: Le Grand Johnson Corp-- Box 24K Logan. Uuh 64321 Quarry and plant................... Cache. Portland Cement Company Box J4C9 ------ do.......................................... Salt Lake. of Utah. Salt Lake City, Uuh 64110 Southern Pacific Railroad G6 Market St. Co. San Francisco, Calif. 94105 Quarry......................................... Box Elder. United Stale* Steel Corp., lender, Wyo. 82520............... Quarry and plant....... .. Uuh. Western Ore Operations. Utah Marblehead Lime Co. 300 W. Washington St. Chicago, III. G060C ------ do.......................................... Tooele. Uranium: Alla* Corp., Atla* Box 1207 Underground mine........... .. Emery. Minerals Division. Moab, Uuh 64532 Moab custom mill................... Grand. HomesUke Mining Co____ Box 663 Moab, Uuh 64532 14 underground mines...... San Juan. Underground mine........... .. Do. Lake Washburn Mining 720-26 Road 2 underground mines....... Grand Junction, Colo. 61501 Do. Zinc: Deer Trail Mines 4: 1834 S. Woodaide Dr. Arundel Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Uuh 84172 Hecla Mining Co................... Box 820 Wallace, Idaho 83873 Kennecott Copper Corp., Box 250 Tintic Division. Eureka. Uuh 84G28 United Park City Mines Star Route 1, Box 40 Co. Heber City, Uuh 84032 United State* Smelting 136 E. South Temple St. Refining and Mining Co. Salt Lake City, Uuh 84111 United Stales Smelling Re ....do.................. fining and Minin; Co. (McFarland A Hullinger, Underground mine.. See Gold........... 2 underground mines ____ do_______________ See Lead........................ ____ do............................. PiuU. Waaateh. Uuh. Summit. Salt Lake. Tooele. 15196917 A-245 The occurrence of asbestlform minerals in Utah is not well docu mented. Certainly there are a number of localities where the regional or contact metamorphism of a preferred country rock would favor the transforma tion to asbestiforms although not much is reported on such occurrences. One occurrence of asbestos is reported from a Mineral Resources document as being located in Millard County in the Autelope Mountain district (no current exploittation), hut n-t even the type asbestos is described. Elsewhere, talc rock is mined at Ogden in Weber County (believed to be a minor recovery operation), and amphibole minerals are reported in association with a copper deposit in eastern Daggett County (not currently exploited). In view of the relative lack of information or lack of asbestiform mineral reporting and widely dispersed nature of the mining operations in sparsely populated localities, it would appear that the state Utah is not of prime considera tion in a further investigation of the present type. An area of possible exception is Salt Lake County. Source Reference (211) Geologic Map of Utah, Map No. 23, W. L. Stokes, si. al. (1961-1964), D. A. Andres and C. B. Hunt, (1948), Utah Geological ar.:l Miners logical Survey, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112. (212) Mining Districts and Mineral Deposits of Utah, C A. T'ardirosis.n, 1966, Consulting Geologist, 521 Fifth Avenue, Salt Lake Cii;, Leah. (213) Industrial Minerals cf Utah. H. H. Doelling, 1969, Utan Geological ar.-'l Mineralogical Survey, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112 (214) Utah Mineral Industry Operator Directory, C. H. Stowe. B-ll r.tiv. No. 101, Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey, San Latte C:".v. Utah 84112 (215) The Mineral Industry oi Utah, F. C. Mitko, 1971, U. 3. Bureau or. Mines 1 Minerals Yearbook. 15196918 A-246 Vermont Metamorphism of the rocks found in Vermont is found in several stages of development. The metamorphic map (Figure A-63) shows the general zones of development. The local intensity of metamorphism, for example, in localities affected by localized plutonic activity, is not shown. Formations and zones generally trend north-south as indicated on the map. The rocks range in age from Precambrian to possibly middle triassic (some of the plutonic rocks). The rock types found include granites, gneisses, schists, slates, and marbles with a large assemblage of minerals characteristic of all stages of metamorphism. Figure A-64, identifying counties, shows the approximate locations of the chrysotile asbestos, talc, and soapstone occurrences in Vermont. Table A-81 gives the locations of the talc and chrysotile asbestos occurrences by latitude and longitude. The occurrence pattern is seen to lie in a north-south trend line, generally aligned with the principal fold axes in formations of moderate degree of metamorphism. The mafic rocks in these areas are mainly greenstone schists with an actinolite amphibole constituent while the carbonate rocks contain talc, phlogopite, and tremolite amphibole. The fibrous amphibole minerals are commonly found in many of the Vermont rock formations. Vermont is not known as a major mining state although some important production of talc and asbestos takes place there. Asbestos is produced from Orleans County (northern Vermont) and talc is produced in Lamoille (northern Vermont), Windham, and Windsor (southern Vermont) Counties. The balance of the mineral production is chiefly confined to recovery of stone, sand and gravel. These operations take place from all the counties of Vermont except Crand Isle County (Lake Champlain district). The principal producers of mineral commodities in Vermont are given in Table A-82, which also gives company addresses, descriptions of activity, and counties of operation. The extent to which the fibrous amphibole minerals are encountered in these various operations is not reported. 5>Vof> A-247 FIGURE A-63. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN VERMONT A-248 FIGURE A-64. OCCURRENCE OF CHRYSOTILE, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN VERMONT A-249 TABLE A-81. ASBESTOS AND TALC DEPOSITS IN VERMONT Asbestos Talc Orleans County General references: Chidester and others, 1951; Pearre. and Calkins, 1957. 1. East Hill prospect. Cross- and slip-fiber chrysotile asbestos in serpentinlte. 44*56* 72*23' 2. Westfield prospects. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentinite. 44*53* 72*25' 3. Lowell prospects. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentlnite and relatively unserpentinized dunite and peridotlte. 44*49' 72*27' Lamoille and Orleans Counties 4. Ruberoid-Belvidere Mountain area. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentinite and relatively unserpentinized dunite and peridotite. Bain, 1942; Chidester and others, 1951; Marsters, 1904, 1905; Pearre and Calkins, 1957. 44*46* 72*32* Washington County 5. Barnes Hill locality. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in serpentinite. Chidester and others, 1952. 6. Mad River locality. Slip- and cross-fiber chrysotile in serpen tinite. Chidester and others, 1951. 44*24* 44*14* 72*41' 72*48' Windsor County 7. Ludlow area. Slip- and crossfiber chrysotile in serpentinite and relatively unserpentinized dunite and peridotite. Chidester tnd others, 1951. 43*23* 72*39* Windham County 8. Dover area. Slip- and crossfiber chrysotile in serpentinite and relatively unserpentinized dunite and peridotite. Chidester and others, 1951. 42*58' 72*46* All deposits are associated with and chiefly derived flam serpentinite. The deposits consist principally of talccarbonate rock bordered by thin shells of talc rode. Bain, 1942; Chidester and others, 1951, 19)2; Pearre and Calkins, 1957a. 1. Troy-East Hill deposits. 44*34' 72*23' 2. Montgomery Center prospect. 44*33' 72*38' 3. Belvidere Mountain area. 44*46' 72*32' 4. Johnson mines and nearby deposits. 44*40' 72*38' ). Rousseau prospect. 44*40' 72*47' 6. Sterling Pond deposits. 44*33' 72*46' 7. Barnes Hill prospect. 44*23' 72*43' 8. Watetbucy mine. 44*19' 72*44' 9. Mad River mine. 44*14' 72*48' 10. Roxbury deposits. 44*03' 72*44' 11. East Granville mine. 44*01' ,, 72*43' 12. Williams and McPherson mines and 4} *52* 72*46' nearby deposits. 13. Greeley mine. 43*48' 72*46' 14. Hammondsville quarry. 43*29' 72*33' 13. Proctorsville deposits. 16. Perkinsvillc quarry. 43*23' 72*39' 43*22' 72*32' 17. Carlcton quarry and Cheater Reservoir 43 16' 72*38' mine. 18. Davis (Holden) and Barton quarries 43*14' 72*38' 19. Windham quarry and nearby deposit 43*12* 72*43' 20. South Windham deposits. 43*08' 72*42' 21. Grafton prospects. 43*06 72*36' 22. Dover-Newfane deposits. 43*00' 72*45' 23. Marlboro deposirs. 42*32' 72*46' 24. Waterville quarry. 23. Valentine mine. 44 * 44' 72*45' 43*24' 72*41' (Localities are given by North Latitude and West Longitude) 15196922 A-250 TABLE A"82. VERMONT MINERAL PRODUCERS Commodity and company Address Type of activity County Asbestos: GAP Corporation, Bldg. A In dDuivsitsriioanl .F1 loor Products Peat: Kirks Green Mountain Peat..... Sand and gravel: Brattieboro Sand A Gravel, Inc.. Caledonia Sand A Gravel Co. Ine. Calkins Construction, Inc............ J. P. Carrara A Sons, Inc........ William K. Dailey, Jr........................ S. T. Griswold, Inc...........-............. Alberts. Nadeau....................... .. Lawrence Sangravco, Inc........ Vermont Sand A Gravel Corp.... 8tone: Granite (dimension): Rock of Ages Corp--------- Wcll"Lamson Quarry Co., Ine. Granite (crushed): Wdb-Laresoo Quarry Co,, Ine. Limestone (crushed and broken): I^A. Demers Crushed Rock Co. Perinl Corp...... 140 West Slat St. New York, N.Y. 10020 P.O. Box 456 Woodstock. Vt. 05091 r.O. Bos 358 Brattieboro, Vt. 05301 Bos 428 St. Johnsbury. Vt, 05819 Danville. Vt. 05828........................ N. Clarendon, Vt. 057S9............ N. Bennington, Vt. 0&257..... P.O. Box 8 Willbtoo. Vt. 0S495 Johnson. Vt. 05656........................ 138 Portland St. Johnsbury, Vt. 05819 Box 429 Bellows Falb, Vt. 05101 Barn, Vt. 05641............................. 102 N. Main Rt. Bane, Vt. 05641 Framingham. Man. 01T01.____ Upper Main St. Winooski. Vt. 05404 Framingham, Maas. 01701..... Pit......................... Bo,....................... Pit........................ Pit......................... Pit........................ Pit......................... Pit........................ Pit....................... Pit......................... Pit........................ Pit........................ Quarry_____ ... ....do_________ ____ do_________ ....do........ Crushing plant. Orlexnx. Windsor. Windham. Washington. Orleans. Rutland. Bennington. Chittenden. Lamodte. Eaeex. Rutland. Orange, Washington, Windsor. Washington. Washington. Chittenden. Windsor. Swanton Lime Works, Ine... Vcrmareo Ground Products Division of Vermont Msrble Co. Marble (dimension): Vermont Marble Co.**......... Swanton, Vt. 05488............ .. W. Rutland, Vt. 05777................. Proctor, Vt. 05765.......................... Marble fcrushed): F. W. Whitcomb Const. Corp. State (dimension): Green Mountain Slate Corp. John G. Hadeka............ Hilltop State Co......................... Rising A Nelson Slate Co., Inc. Somich Brothers........... Taran Brothers, Ine........ Tatko Brothers Slate Co____ Vermont Structural Slate Co., Ine. Box 429 Bellows Falb, Vt. 05101 Granville. N.Y. 12832................... 25 College St. Poultney, Vt. 05764 Middle Granville. N.Y. 12849.. Weet Pawlet, Vt. 05775............... Granville, N.Y. 12832.................. No. Poultney, Vt. 05764_______ Middle Granville, N.Y. 12849.. Prospect St. Fair Haven, Vt. 05743 Quarry........ ____ do.............. ....do........ ....do........ ____ do................ ....do........ ....do........ ....do........ ....do........ Franklin. Rutland. Rutland, Windsor. Rutland, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Eastern Magnesia Talc Co....... Vermont Tale Co.__ ........... Windsor Minerals, ine.......... Johnston, Vt. 05656.......... Chester. Vt. 05143......................... P.O. Box 6H0 Windsor. Vt. 05089 Underground.. ____ do_________ ....do................ Lamoille. Windham. Windsor. Abo miscellaneous stone. * Also crushed msrble. A-251 Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, USGS Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (216) Geologic Map of Vermont, C. G. Doll, et al., 1961, Vermont Geological Survey, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05401. (217) Mineral Deposits and Occurrences in Vermont Exclusive of Clay, Sand and Gravel, and Peat, N.C. Pearre and J. A. Calkins, 1957, USGS Map MR-5. (218) The Mineral Industry of Vermont, F. B. Fulkerson, 1971, U. S. Bureau of Mines1 Minerals Yearbook. 15196924 A-252 Virginia The state of Virginia has approximately three-fourths metamorphic rock, as shown in Figure A-65. As in the other eastern states of the Appalachian and Piedmont Regions, the general trend of formations is southwestnortheast. The occurrence of the ultramafic rocks in Virginia not surprisingly follows the same trend-line as shown in the county map of the metamorphosed areas. The features of this ultramafic rock belt include the occurrence of amphibole asbestiform minerals, chiefly anthophyllite, and extensive soapstone formations sometimes of talcy type alteration products. Figure A-66 and Table A-83 pinpoint the principal occurrences of these alteration minerals. Currently, there are no commercial operations for the recovery of the amphibole asbestiform minerals although amphibolite rocks are produced in Floyd and Patrick Counties. The Pine Creek Stone Corporation (Route 4, P. 0. Box 778, Floyd, Virginia) produces crushed stone from Floyd County and the operation of Wade and Griffith (Route 1, Floyd, Virginia, produces dimension stone from Patrick county. Similarly, there are very limited operations for the recovery of the related minerals, talc, and soapstone. It is reported that the Blue Ridge Talc Company, Inc., operates a soapstone quarry in Franklin County and a crushing and grinding mill in Henry County. Dimension soapstone was produced by Alberene Stone, a division of Georgia Marble Company, in Albermarle and Nelson Counties. Most of the rock recovery operations in the ultramafic belt consist of quarrying for the production of stone, sand and gravel as shown in Table A-84, a listing of mineral production by the counties of primary interest. 15196925 A-253 FIGURE A-65. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN VIRGINIA 15196926 A-254 GURE A -6 6 . THE OCCURRENCE OF AMPHIBOLC ASBESTIFORM MINERALS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE WITHIN THE METAMORPHIC ROCK BODIES OF VIRGINIA A-255 TABLE A-83. OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS, TALC, AND SOAPSTONE IN VIRGINIA Asbestos Talc and Soapstone Clarke County 1. Boyce deposits. Asbestos of unknown variety associated with ultramafic rocks. Bowie:*, 19SS. 39*03* 78*04' Fairfax County 2. Centerville area. Asbestiform . anthophylllte occurring with tremolite. Dietrich, 1955. 38*50' 77*24' Amelia County 3. Chula-Mattox Station area. Amphibole asbestos. Dietrich, 1953. 37*24' 77*57' Bedford County 4. Bedford area. Slip-fiber anthophyllite asbestos in veinlike masses associated with horn blende and olivine. Bowles, 1955; Dietrich, 1953, 1955. 37*10' 79*30' Franklin Cpunty 5. Rockymount mine. Slip-fiber amphibole asbestos. Bowies, 1955; Dietrich, 1953. 36*58' 79*50' Floyd County 6. Floyd area. Asbestiform anthophyllite. Dietrich, 1955. 36*53' 80*17' Henry County General reference: Dietrich, 1955. 7. Axton. Asbestiform anthophyllite. 36*39' 79*42' 8. Ridgeway. Fine white asbestiform 36*36' 79*50' anthophyllite. All deposits are associated with ultramafic and mafic igneous rocks. They are mostly of the soapstone variety. The Schuyler deposits, which arc soapstone chiefly suitable for dimension stone, are derived from metagabbros and metapyroxemtes. 1. Falls Church 2. Annandale Dietrich, 19)3. 3. Clifton Dietrich, 19)3. 4. Rhoadcsville Dietrich, 19)3. ). Louisa Burfoot, 1930. 38 * 33' 77*11' 38*)0' 77*12' 38*48' 77*23' 38*17' 77*))' 38*01' 77*39' 6. Fcmcliff Burfoot, 1930. 37* 36' 78*03' 7. Alberene area quarries. 37*)2' 78*33' Burfoot, 1930; Hess, 1933; Hopkins, 19)7. 8. Schuyler area quarries. 37*47' 78*42' Burfoot, 1930; Hess, 1933; Hopkins, 19)7. 9. Walnut Creek Dietrich, 19)3. 37*18' 78*10' 10. Cullen Dietrich, 19)3- 37*07' 78*40' 11. Oner River Dietrich, 19)3. 37*14' 79*07' 12. Rocky Mount Dietrich, 19)3. 36* )9' 79*34' 13. Henry Dietrich, 19)3. 36*33' 79*38' 14. Axton Burfoot, 1930. 36*40' 79*43' 1). Floyd Dietrich, 19)3. 36*53' 80*22' 16. Blue Ridge Mill 36*37' 80*32' Dietrich, 193); Stose and Stosc, 1937. 17. The Glades 36*37' 80*33' Dietrich, 1933; Stose and Stose, 1937. 18. Troutdale Dietrich, 1933. 36*42' 81*25' 15196928 A-256 TABLE A-84. MINERAL PRODUCTION BY COUNTIES IN VIRGINIA County Albemarle Amherst Amelia Bedford Campbell Carroll Charlotte Clarke Fairfax Floyd Franklin Henry Louisa Nelson Orange Patrick Ranson Commodity Soapstone, stone, sand and gravel Sand and gravel, titanium concentrate No current production Feldspar Stone Stone No current production Stone Stone, sand and gravel Stone (Amphidolite) Soapstone Stone Stone Stone, Aplite Clays Stone (Amphibolite) No current production l5l96929 A-257 Source References (1) Metamorphic Map of the Appalachians, B. A. Morgan, 1972, USGS Map 1-724. (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (219) Geologic Map of Virginia, 1963, R. C. Milici, et al., J. L. Calver and C.R.B. Hobbs, Jr. Eds., Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville, Virginia. (220) Mineral Resources of Virginia, D. C. LeVan and W. B. Harris, 1971, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville, Virginia. (221) Directory of the Mineral Industry in Virginia, D. C. LeVan, 1973, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, Charlottesville, Virginia. (222) The Mineral Industry of Virginia, F. D. Cooper, 1970, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196930 A-258 Washington The state of Washington may be discussed in terms of geological areas which are distinct from one another in geological characteristics. For example, the northeastern part of Washington is known as the Okanogan Highlands, eastern and western sections. Another area which has been described is the Columbia Basin. It has distinct physiography as does the Blue Mountain region in the southeastern corner of Washington. The rugged Cascade Mountains form a north-south spine separating eastern from western Washington not only in geological characteristics but also in climate. Western Washington is strongly influenced by the Coast Range, known as the Willapa Hills to the south and climaxing in the Olympic Mountains along the northwest coast. The Puget Sound Lowlands separate the coast mountains from the extensive Cascade Mountain system. These provinces and sections are delineated on the map figure and are important to this study as a means of identifying areas where mineral production occurs or might occur and where fibrous amphibole minerals might be found in association with such activity. Perhaps the most interesting area of Washington is the Cascade Mountain Range. In the mountains of this provice there is a grand assortment of rocks and the geologic history includes marine sedimentary periods as well as several stages of mountain building with its accompanying igneous and meta- morphic activity. In Washington, the Cascades consist of two geologically contrasting areas: the southern part dominated by Tertiary volcanic rocks with relatively simple structures and the northern part where most of the exposed rocks are structurally complex pre-Tertiary igneous and metamorphic rock types. The Okanogon Highlands to the east of the northern part of the Cascade Range is in some respects much like the Cascades, although the aasterr mountains are lower and less rugged than those found in the Cascade spine. The two areas, the northern Cascades and the Okanogan Highlands, may be considered together for purposes of describing certain aspects f the mineral industry of Washington. Within these rocks which occupy the northeast quadrant of the state, mineralization is far greater than in other sectors. Northeastern Washington, including only the counties of Pen.: Oreille, Stevens, Ferry, eastern Okanogan, and northern Spokane, l519693l comprises less than 15 percent of the state's area, but accounts for over A-259 90 percent of the metallic mineral production. The counties of Pend, Oreille, Stevens, and Ferry, are particularly noteworthy for their metal production. This is readily apparent from the following county by county tabulation of Washington State's mineral production. The tabulation also shows that except within these counties and King County (Cascade mines east of Seattle) there is currently no metal mining activity in Washington. There are metallic mineral prospects elsewhere (eg. manganese and mercury occurrences in the Olympich Mountains) which have not been and are currently not being exploited. The nonmetailic mineral extraction in Washington is from every county and as shown in Table A-85, is principally stone, sand and gravel. Of greatest interest to this study, however, is the olivine and talc production from Skagit County. As shown on Figure A-67t the northeast quadrant of Washington has many occurrences of the metamorphosed minerals -- the several asbestiform minerals, talc, soapstone, etc. -- and those in Skagit County are commercially exploited. The tabulations of Table A-86, which are number keyed to Figure A-67, describe the locations and the mineral occurrence for selected sites. In Skagit County, the olivine production is from relatively fresh and massive dunite, alteration to serpentine being observed only at the edges of the deposit. A very little chrysotile asbestos is known from this area although it is believed to not be much encountered in the production of the olivine rock. The talc and soapstone production is from deposits in a complex of greenschist derived from mafic volcanic rocks, and of serpentine. Both the schist and the serpentine have been metamorphosed by intrusive granodiorite of pre-Carboniferous age. Undoubtedly, some of the talc produced is intermixed with amphibole minerals (e.g. tremolite) from this site which is mineralogically favorable for its occurrence. Areas which are favorable for the genesis and occurrence of the asbestiform minerals are widely found in the northeast quadrant of Washington. As previously mentioned, they occur in association with the olivine (some extent) and talc (to a greater extent) production in Skagit County. Else where in the metallic mineral-producing counties, they are likely to be encountered in association with the mineralized rock bodies wherever contact metamorphosed rock is being worked, commonly in King, Ferry, Stevens, ;and Pend Oreille Counties. 15196932 A-260 The principal mineral producers in the state of Washington are listed in Table A-87. Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (3) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. W. Washington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (223) Geologic Map of Washington, M. T. Hunting, et al., 1961, Washington Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Olympia, Washington 98501. (224) Geologic Map of Washington, A. E. Weissenborn, 1969, USGS Map 1-583. (225) Inventory of Washington Minerals, Part I, Nonmetallic Minerals, Vol. 1 Text, Vol. 2 maps, G. M. Valentine and M. T. Hunting, 1960; Part II, Metallic Minerals, Vol. 1 text, Vol. 2 Maps, M. T. Hunting, 1956, Washington Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, Olympia, Washington 98501, (226) Mineral and Water Resources of Washington, A. E. Weissenborn, et al., 1966, Senate Document, Washington Division of Mines and Geology Reprint No. 9, Olympia, Washington 98501. (227) The Mineral Industry of Washington, R. A. Whitman, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines1-Minerals Yearbook. 15196933 A-261 Table A"85* Value of mineral production in Washington, by county (Thousands) County Adams............ Asotin............' Benton............ Clallam........................ Clark............................ Cowlitz____________ Douglas Ferry Grays Harbor.-------- Kittitas........................ Klickitat...................... Mason.......... ............... Okanogan....--.. Pend Oreille....... Pierce Skagit........................... Skamania Snohomish ........ Spokane........___ Stevens...... Thurston............ .. Wahkiakum........ Walla Walla............... Whatcom ......... Whitman................... Yakima........... Undistributed1. .... 1970 W nws w 669 w w 883 W W W . 630 2,702 1,308 w W 24,863 W W 483 W 148 826 489 82w1 ww 1.43w2 5.37w5 W ww 4 S3 W 1.37w6 49.964 1971 w 22 W 840 1.36w0 w 449 W w W w 2,789 1,04w9 W 21,729 W 226 W WW 21W7 766 9,090 6,26W5 1.91W3 3,299 2,955 6,619 w 1 40w7 1,458 2,257 32,421 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Sand and rravel. Stone, days, sand and gravel. Stone, sand and gravel, days. Stone. Stone, sand and gravel, days. Sand and gravel, days. Gold, diver, atone, copper, lead. Sand and gravel, atone. Stona. Diatomite, lime, stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone. Do. Stone, sand and gravel. Cement, aand and travel, atone, coal, etaya, peat, copper, allver. told. Sand and grave), atone, pest. Stone, days, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. Coal, sand and gravel, atone, days. Stone, send and gravel. Sand and gravel, atone, peat. Stona, aand and travel, gypaum. Stone. Cement, aine, lead, atone, aand and travel, allver, copper, told. Sand and gravel, lime, stone, days, peat. Sand and gravel. Olivine, aand and gravel, stone, tele. Stone, aand and gravel, pumice. Sand and gravel, atone, peat, daya. Sand and gravel, stone, days, peat. Uranium, atone, sand and grnvd, daya, lead, gold, diver, copper, sine, abraaivea. Sand and gravel, atone, peat. Sand and gravel. Sand and grmvel, atone. Cement, aand and gravel, atone, daya. Stone, aand and graveL Stone, aand and gravel, lime. Total*.............. 90,922 94,601 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data; included with ''Undistributed. Includes value of mineral production that cannot be assigned to specific counties and values indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totaLs shown because of independent rounding. 15196934 LOW LANDS/CASCADE MOUNTAINS I Western I Eostern A-262 15196935 FIGURE A - 6 7 . METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN WASHINGTON A-263 TABLE A-86. METAMORPHIC ROCK OCCURRENCE IN WASHINGTON Asbestiform Materials tV||ATCO*t COUNTY ) N imc: Skyline Ridge. Loc: Asbestos is reported on Skyline Ridge between Mount Shuksau and Twin Lakes. Details unknown. 2. Name: Twin Sisters. Loc: NEViSW'A sec. 36, (37GE). Descr: VcinleLs of cross-fiber serpentine as bestos less limn vi in. thick. Value: Commercial quantity not obvious. SKAGIT COUNTY 3. Name: Oyster Creek. Loc: Irregular zone extends from near mouth of Oyster Creek to vicinity of Sainish Lake. Descr: Schists lying just S. of bound ary of Chuckanul formation are reported to con tain amphibolo asbestos. Value: Not known. 4. N.'iinc: Burlington. Loc: Hill just N. of Burlington in N'A sec. 32, (35-4 E). Descr: Somewhat fibrous soapslouc-aclinnlitc mixture developed in shear zones cutting greenstone. Value: Asbestos-Talc Products Co. mined this material. It was ground, mixed with imported asbestos, and used in special cements. 5. Name: Scott. Loc: WViEVfe sec. 27, (36-5E). Descr. Amphibole asbestos having fine white silky fibers up to 3 in. long, which arc particularly flexible and strong for this kind of asbestos. Value: Possibly commercial; occurrence small. 6. Name: Lyman. Lor: Near Hamilton, across Skagit River from Lyman. Descr: Said to be long fibered and of good quality. Value: A small amount has been shipped. SNOHOMISH COUNTY 7. Name: Clear Creek. Loc: Near headwaters of Clear Creek in sec. 3, (30-9E). Descr: Serpentine dike, 30 to 150 ft. wide, exposed to depth of 75 ft., contains talcose asbestos. Value: Further investi gations warranted. 8. Name: Bcdal Creek. Loc: On Bcdal Creek in sec. 35, (30-1 IE). Descr: Slip-fiber asbestos of low grade u-porlcdly occurs as stringers and lenses, 1 in. or loss in thickness, cutting quartz dioritc, gneiss, and schist. Value: Not known 9. Name: Florence line prospect. Ikic: On Florence Rue property in sec. 27, (29-10E1. Descr: Veins of cross-fiber asbestos, Vi in. or less thick, cutting through a body of paridotilc. Value: Observed quantity below commercial grade. ' 10. Name: Mackinaw pri.r-pecl. Lor: At Mackinaw prospect in sec. 19. (29-ilE). Descr: Gmail amount of slip-fiber asbestos in serpentine of nickel pros pect. Value: Quantity small. CHELAN COUNTY 11. Name: Slehekin River. Loc: In bed of a tributary to the Slehekin River, 5 mi. upstream from Lake Chelan. Descr: Reportedly a "ledge" of blue-white, long-fiber asbestos 5 to 25 ft. wide. Value: Un known. 12. Name: Williams Creek. Loc: On Williams (Rag ing) Creek, 9 mi. by trail from Chiwawa River * road, a showing of asbestos is'reported high on the mountain. Another report states that asbestos is exposed in two tunnels, one at an altitude of 3,400 ft. and the oilier at 4,200 ft. Descr: Said to occur along hanging walls of veins of siliceous asbesti form material. Probably aniphibole asbestos. Value: Unknown. 13. Name: Goose Creek. Loc: NWVi sec. 18, (27-17E), at Goose Creek camp ground. Descr: Anthophyllitc in felty masses and veins in a ledge 50 ft. square on N. bank of Goose Creek. Value: Un known. 13A. Name: Deep Creek. Loc: Sec. 19, (27-18E), be tween Deep Creek and Goose Creek. Descr: Chrysotile asbestos reported. Value: Unknown. 13B. Name: Nason Ridge. Loc: In road cut in SV&NV4 sec. 32, (27-17E), on SE. slope of Nason Ridge. Descr: Anthophyilite in boulders as large as 10 ft. by 20 ft., not in place but probably have not trav eled far. Value: Unknown. 13C. Name: Trout Creek. Loc: Near center sec. 6, (24- 16E), at intersection of Trout Creek and Jack Creek trails. Descr: Chrysotile reported. Value: Un known. j 13D. Name: Trout Lake. Loc: Sec. 19, (24-16E), near Trout Lake. Descr: Anthophyilite in serpentine. Chrysotile reported nearby. Value: Unknown. 13E. Name: Mill Creek. Loc: SE'A sec. 30, (24-18E). Descr: Anthophyilite in serpentine. Value: Un known. 14. Name: Chumslick Mountain. Loc: On Chumstick Mountain in sec. 27, (15-19E). Descr: Anthophyllitc oceurs a.-; a vein less than 1 ft. wide in biotile gneiss. Value: Exposed by shallow pit. Insufficient quantity for commercial development. 15. Name: Swaknnc Canyon (may be same as Chumstick Mountain occurrence). Loc: In Swakane Canyon on property of Rafter and Bousquct Log ging Co. Desi i: Short-fiber anthophyilite. Value: Quantity and quality not known. 15196936 A-264 TABLE A-86 (continued) 16. Name: Burch Mountain. Loc: Reported on W. slope Burch Mountain. Descr: Said to be in three "ledges" from 1 to 11 in. wide and of good fiber. Value: Unknown. 17. Name: Icicle Creek. Loc: Said to occur on Icicle Creek near Leavenworth. Dcscr: Unknown. Value: No production reported, but some development work done. 18. Name: Ingalls Creek. Loc: Reported on high ridge N. of Ingalls Creek a few miles from its mouth. Dcscr: Said to be of long fiber. Value: Unknown. 19. Name: Peshastin Creek. Loc: Sec. 14, (22-17E). Dcscr: Networks of tiny vcinlcts of cross-fiber as bestos in serpentine. Value: Low grade and short fibered. OKANOGAN COUNTY 20. Name: Alta Lake. Loc: 6 mi SW. of Pateros and 1 mi from Alla Lake. Descr: Large lenses of short-fiber amphibcle asbestos. Vuiuc: Was for merly mined and shipped to Asbcstomine Co. in Wenatchee, where it was used in Uie manufacture of cold-water paint. 21. Name: Twisp. I*oc: Old report mentions asbestos 14 mi. SW. of Twisp. Dcscr: Said to be large de posit of silky while long-fiber asbestos 400 ft. wide and traceable for 2,503 ft. Value: Unknown. 22. Name: Ivanhoc prospect. Loc: Reported at Ivanhoc prospect in SW1/* see. 16, (39-26E). Dcscr: Said to be "20 ft. down on 60-ft. ledge." Value: Un known. TERRY COUNTY 23. Name: Hardscrabble Mountain. Loc: Reported on Hardscrabble Mountain in NW14 T. 38 N., R. 32 E. Dcscr: Said to be a 4-ft. vein of radiating tremolite. Value: Unknown. 24. Name: California prospect. Loc: Reported at Cal ifornia prospect in SWViSWVi sec. 20, (36-34E). Dcscr: Serpentine asbestos. Value: Unknown. STEVENS COUNTY 25. Name: Laurier. Loc: E. of Laurier in secs. 1 and 12, (40-36E) and secs. 6 and 7, (40-37E). Dcscr: Thin masses of white asbestos along fractures in serpen tine. Value: Low grade and of short fiber. 26. Name: Stranger Creek. Loc: NW14NEV* sec. 35, (34-38E). Descr. Fibrous radiating tremolite interbedded with dolomite throughout a thickness of 1,000 ft. Value: Warrants investigation. 27. Name: Chewelah. Loc: 8 mi. E. of Chewelah. Descr: Said to be a 5-ft. vein. Value: Unknown. 28. Name: Boundary Butte. Loc: Prospect hole in SWViNWVi sec. 21, (29-37E). Descr Fibrous radi ating tremolite occurs in a bed of altered dolomite 4 ft. thick. Value: Warrants investigation. PEND ORE1JJ.E COUNTY 29. Name: Motalino area. Loc: Mines in Melalinc district. Descr: Paligorskite occurs as sheets , along joints associated with the lead and zinc ores. Value: Quantity small. 30. Name: Collin prospect. Loc: Sec. 16, (38-42E). Dcscr: Small veinlets of serpentine asbestos less than >/* in. thick cut across diopside and serpentine. Value: Fibers too short to be of value. L5l9693'7 A-265 TABLE A-86 (continued) Talc and Soapstone SKAGIT COUNTY *1. Name: Skagit Talc Products.' I<oc: NWMNWVi see. 14, (36-11E). Dcscr: Large tonnage of ex cellent soapstone containing some high-grade talc. Value: Formerly used extensively for furnace blocks. Currently ground for insecticide base and cut into dimension blocks for carving, etc. Steel-marking pencils are made on demand. Cer tain portions of the deposit have been foiuid to be usable as steatite or lava talc. 2. Name: Alvard. Loc: Near SY7. cor. sec. 15, (3611E). Dcscr: Large quantity of soapstone and re portedly a large quantity of talc. Quality low ered somewhat by ankerile inclusions. Value: Recently operated by Skagit Mineral Products Co., Inc. Later leased by William Sorcn, owner of Skagit Talc Products. *2A. Name: Rainbow. Loc: Sec. 15, (36-1 IE). Dcscr: Soapstone. Value: Current limited production by Scheel Olivine, Inc., Mount Vernon. 3. Name: McMyrl-Wilson. Loc: NEW: sec. 21, (8611E). Descr: Pale green soapstone and talc in bodies as much as 10 ft. wide. Value: Dimension soapstone cut for refractory use at one time. Re cently quarried by Northwest Talc & Magne sium Co., Clcarlakc, Wash. *3A. Name: Dad's Girl claim. Loc: NVi sec. 21, (3611E), on hill above McMyrl-Wilson adit. Descr: Soapstone body 20 ft. wide exposed for 75 ft. Talc itself is good grade but contains ankcrite inclusions. Value: Currently operated by Skagit Talc Products, Scdro Woolley, Wash. 4. Name: Scott. Loc: SWyiSEVi sec. 27, (36-5E). Dcscr: Largely serpentinized schists, but some arc talcose. One lens of soapstone 3 to 4 in. thick. Value: Exposed quantity too small for commer cial use. 5. Name: Alger. Ixc: Reported in SEViNEU sec. 15, (36-4E). Dcscr: Unknown. Value: Unknown. 6. Name: Lyman. Loc: S`A sec. 30, (35-6E). Dcscr: Rubbery bluish-white talcose clay. Value: Talc content and peculiar physical properties might prove to be of value. 7. Name: Londonderry. Lor: SWV'iSK'.iSE'/t see. 1G, (35-1 IE). Dcscr: Soapstone deposit, in part nearly pure talc, exposed in body 70 to 100 ft. wide for a length, of 200 ft. Enclosed in schist. Value: Recently operated by National Talc Co., Seattle, and currently operated by Herman Smith, Marblemounl, Wash. *8. Nnntc: Sadie Cudworth. Loc: Near SE. cor. sec. 21, (35-12E). Dcscr. Soapstone crops out for 1,000 ft. along the road, thickness unknown. Value: Quarried in 1953-1954 by J. L. Pape, Rockport, Wash. *9. Name: Clear Lake. Loc: Secs. 16 and 17, (34-5E). Descr: Serpentine and schist in which are lenses of high-quality talc. Value: Currently quarried' by Northwest Talc & Magnesium Co., ground in its plant at Clearlake, and sold for agricultural use and as a diluent in insecticides. YAKIMA COUNTY 10. Name: Miller. Loc: Unknown. Descr: Sample of good talc sent to the Division of Mines and Ge ology by George Miller, Granger, Wash. Value: Unknown. * CHELAN COUNTY 11. Name: White River. Loc: Soapstone reported on White River NW. of Wenatchee Lake. Descr: Sample from there of fair quality. Value: Un known. 12. Name: Williams Creek. Loc: On Williams (Rag ing) Creek, 9 mi. by trail from the Chiwawa River road. Descr: Soapstone associated with asbestos. Value: Warrants investigation. 13. Name: Ruth. Loc: Sec. 2, (26-15E). Descr: A 5to 8-ft. ledge of soapstone in biotite gneiss. Value: Not promising. 14. Name: Entiat. Loc: Sec. 32, (26-20E). Descr: Talc zone in gneiss 20 to 30 ft. wide, 2,000 ft. long, and 500 ft. high. Value: Warrants investigation. 15. Name: Tumwater Canyon. Loc: On a hillside close to the highway about 5 mi. NW. of Leaven worth, probably in sec. 21, (25-17E). Dcscr: Steeply dipping thick tabular body of soapstone in contact with biotite schist. Value: Warrants investigation. 16. Name: Roaring Creek. Loc: Sec. 8, (25-20E). Dcscr: Soapstone 50 ft. wide, 500 ft. long, and 500 ft. high. Value: Warrants investigation. 17. Name: Lockwood & Cole. Loc: See. 24, (25-20E) and see. 18, (25-21E). Dcscr: Soapstone 30 to 50 ft. wide, 1,000 ft. long, and 500 ft. high. Value: War rants investigation. 15196938 A-266 TABLE A-86 (continued) OKANOGAN COUNTY 18. Name: Kaaba-Texas mine. Loc: Secs. 15 and 23, (40-25E). Dcscr: Reportedly crystalline talc as much as 18 in. thick on the hanging wall of the vein. Value: Unknown, but should be investi gated. 19. Name: Johnson Creek. Loc: S. center sec. 32, (3526E). Descr: Basic igneous rock has altered to ser pentine, talc, and associate minerals. A 1-in. vein of high-grade talc exposed in an old open cut. Value: Exposed quantity not commercial. FERRY COUNTY 20. Name: Republic. Loc: Road cut in sec. 20, (3634E). Descr: Shear zone in schist carries consid erable talc. In the same cut talc is 3 to 4 ft thick along a felsite-serpentine contact. Value: War rants investigation. STEVENS COUNTY 21. Name: Firmenhac. Loc: W%SW% sec. 15, (3038E). Dcscr: Slate, quartzite, and dolomite cut by basic dikes. Dolomite has altered to goodquality talc, which forms a 3-ft. vein exposed for 50 ft. Value: Several tons mined, but none known to have been shipped. 22. Name: C. F. Allen. Loc: NWy4 sec. 21, (30-38E). Descr: Talcose serpentinized schist. Value: War rants investigation. LINCOLN COUNTY 23. Name: C. W. Capps (Mondovi). Loc: W%NW% sec. 34, (27-38E). Dcscr: Talc of fair grade occurs in calcareous schist. It averages 5 ft. in width over a distance of several hundred feet. Value: Talc formerly ground and shipped to paper mills. 24. Name: Travis farm. L.oc: NEVi sec. 6, (24-39E). Descr: Argillaceous quartzite and talc schist near granite intrusives. Value: Warrants investigation. PEND OREILLE COUNTY 25. Name: Totem Gulch. Loc: Sec. 23 or 26, (39-44E), in Totem Gulch on Sullivan Mountain. Descr: Deposit of exceptionally pure talc reported in road cut. Value: Unknown. \ A-267 TABLE A-87 PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN WASHINGTON Commodity and company Addrme Typo of activity County GuM&t! NONMCTA14 Columbia Camoat Co............ Marietta Road, P.O. Box 87 Bellingham, Wash. 98226 Ideal Cement Co., Div. of Ideal 420 Ideal Cement Bldg. Beale Industries, Inc........... Denver, Colo. 80202 Lehigh Portland Cement Co.1718 Hamilton St. Allentown, Pa. 18106 Lone Star Cement Corp____ ______ P.O. Box 2047 Seattle, Waatu 98Ml CUya: Chehalia Brick A TDe CoP.O. Box 888 Chebalia, Waah. 88832 Cle Blum Cement Products, Inc... P.O. Bax 886 Cla Blum. Weak. 98922 R. L Flaahman____ ____ __________ 2804 Spirit Lake Highway Caatle Rock, Waah. 98611 Hidden Brick Co................ 2610 Kauffman Ava. Vancouver, Waah. 98660 Jim Hoy Co......................................... 1767 W. Bakarview Road Btfllnrham, Wuh. 98225 Ideal Cement Co., Dir. of Ideal 420 Ideal Cement Bldg. Baale Induatriea, Inc........... Denver, Colo. 80202 Intarpaea Corp............. 2901 Lot Felix Bivd. Loa Angeles, Calif. 90089 Lind Gravel Co------------------------------ 1680 State St. Bellingham, Waah. 98226 LowaO Brick Co..................................Box8005 Everett, Waah. 98201 Mutual Materiala Co.........................P.O. Box 8847 Seattle. Waah. 98124 Wenatchee Silica Sand.... Box 1668 Wenatchee, Waah. 96801 Dlatomlte: Kanlte Corp.................... 2 OvxrhlU Road, Overhill Building Qypeum: Bcatadalo, N.Y. 10668 Kalaer Oypeura Co* Inc.___ ..... 800 Lakaalde Drive Oakland, CalU. 94612 Lime: Domtar Chcmicala Ltd___________ Tacoma, Waah. 98421....___ Olivine: Northwcat International......... 829 Kincaid Mount Vemoh, Waah. 98278 Olivine Corp 1016 Hilton Bellingham. Waah. 98226 Plant...................... Whatcom. ____ do___________ King. __ do Pend Oreille. ____ do King. Pit and plant.... Learie. ....do.......... Kittitas. Pit Cowiita. Pit and plant.... Clark. Pit Whatcom. Pit and plant.... Clallam. 8 pita and planta. Kb 2 pita and planta. pit and plant.... Stevens. Pit Whatcom. Pit and plant.... Snohomish, ....do.......... King, Pieros. Pit Douglas. Mina and plant. . Grant. Plant.. King. . Pierce. Mine and plant.. Skagit. ____ do__________ Do. Pumice and pumldte: W. L. Marenakoa Co. Rt. 1, Box 921 Plant... . Kittitas. Iaaaquah. Wash. 98027 Weyerhaeuaer Co_________________ Longview, Waah. 98682. . ....do.. . Skamania. Roofing granulea: Northwest Talc & Magnaaium Co.. P.O. Box 824 eeeedOseeeeaeeei. Skagit. Clear Lake, Wash. 98286 Sand and gravel: Ace Concrete Co N. 802 Park Road Pit and plant.... Diahman, Wash. 99206 Aaaodated Sand A Gravel Co. Inc. 6300 Glenwood Ava. ....do.......... Snohomish. Everett, Wash. 98202 Cadman Gravel Co....... Redmond, Wash. 98062.. ....do...... King. Central Pre-Mix Concrete. 80S N. Division St. Spokane, Wash. 99202 ....do...... . Spokane, Adame, Franklin. DeAtley Corp.'----------------- ----------- Box 648 ...do........ Various. Lewiston, Idaho 88601 Friday Harbor Sand A Gravel____ Box 8 i..do.. ...... San Juan. Bellingham, Wash. 98226 Glader Sand A Gravel Co J 6975 B. Marginal Way Seattle, Wash. 98184 >..dO.....*.s King, Pierce. Kllndine Sand A Gravel Co............ 1112 N.E. Head DeB St. ...do....____ Clark. Vancouver, Wash. 98666 Lakaalde Gravd Co., Ine_________ Box 7, Bellevue, Waah. 98004.. . > .do........ King. Miles Sand A Gravel Box 180, Auburn, Wash. 98002. . ...do.lllllll Do. North Kitaap Oravel Aaphalt Co.'. Rt. 2, Box 306 >..do........ Kitsap. Poulsbo, Wash. 98870 North Star Sand A Gravel Corp... Box 898, Everett. Waah. 98086. .. .do....... . Bnohomtah. Olympia Oil A Wood................. State and Washington Sts. ..do........ Thurston. Olympia, Wash. 98601 Pacific Sand A Oravel Co... Box 699, Centralis, Waah. 98681.. >..do........ Lewis. Quigg Bros. McDonald, Inc., 1600 Riverside Ava. ...do........ Grays Harbor. Hoquiam, Wash. 96660 Rdd Sand A Gravel Co..... Box 922 ...do........ , King. Bellevue, Wash. 98004 Stoneway Concrete, Ine. Box 609, Renton, Wash. 98006. . >..do........ Do. D. A. Sullivan Co.'.......... Parkwatar Station, Box 87 ,..do........ Various. Spokane, Wash. 99211 S A S Sand A Gravel Co.'.... Box 938 ....do.......... Do. Epbrata, Wash. 98828 Ray Wolat Construction Co.'. Box 191, Yakima, Wash. 98901. . ..do......... Yakima. Woodworth A Co., Ine....... 1200 East D St. ..do........ Pierce. Yakima Cement Products Co. Tacoma, Wash. 98421 1202 S.First St. ____ do__________ Yakima. Yakima, Wash. 98901 Sllleon carbide: The Carborundum Co....... P.O. Box 428 Plant. Clark. Niagara Falk, N.Y. 14802 15196940 A-268 TABLE A-87 (continued) Commodity and company Art dr-- Type of activity County 8tone: Aaaociated Sand A Gravel Co* Inc. 6800 Glenwood Avo. Quarry and plant. Skagit, Everett, Wash. 68208 Snohomish. Carl Carbon, Inc................ Box 6163 N. Central Station Spokane, Wash. 69206 ....do........... Spokane, Whitman. . Cascade Asphalt Paving Co.1..... 6828 S. Tacoma Way do. ......... Pierce, Tacoma, Wash. 68406 Columbia Cement Co......_____ Marietta Road ....do.................... Whatcom. Bellingham, Wash. 98226 Crow Rock Products^....___.... 1884 Walenla Drivo do........... Whitman. Moscow, Idaho 88848 General Construction Co......... Box 8846 do........... Jcffenon. Seattle, Wash. 68124 Roy L Houck Sons............. .............. 1168 Chemeketa NJL ....do.................... Lewis, Various. Salem, Oreg. 97801 Lehigh Portland Cement Co...... 718 Hamilton St. ....do,.........;____ Pand Oreille. Allentown. Pa. 18106 Lockheed Shipbuilding A 12020 E. Marshall Way ....do.i.................... King. Construction. Seattle, Wash. 98168 Materne Bros................... Box 0--Rosewood Station ....do. ......... Various, Spokane, Wash. 99208 Stoen Coastruetioa Co........... 2210 E. 65th St. do. Seattle, Wash. 68116 Umpqua River Navigation Co.... 2280 Oakmoat Way ....do. .......... Clark. Eugene, Oreg. 67401 YinneU-Meanix-Fulier-DflUngham. Star Route ....do. --........... Whitman. Pomeroy, Wash. 99847 R. Wamberg Construction Co..... 7404 S. Tacoma Way ....do, .......... Grays Harbor, Tacoma, Wash. 68408 Weyerhaeuser CM.............. Longview, Wash. 68682....... ....do. Cowlitt, Lewis, Pacific. Sulfurie acid: _ American Smelting and Refining Coi Bo, 1605 Tuxnu, Wad. 98401 8melter Plarea. Tale and aoapatona: Northwest Talc A Magnesium Co. Cleariake, Wash 98235................ . Quarry.......... Skagit. Herman Smith.................. Marblemount, Wash. 98267.... Do. Vermicuiite (exfoliated): Vermkuiite-Northwest, Inc.......... .. P.O. Box A Plant........................ Spokana. Auburn, Wad. 98002 METALS Aluminum: Aluminum Company of America.. Vancouver. Waih. 98600............. Clark. Wenatchee, Wash. 98801............ Intalco Aluminum Corp.......... Bellingham, Waah. 98225............ Kaiser Aiuminum ft Chemical Corp Spokane, Wash. 99200........ Tacoma. Wash. 98400.................. Reynolds Metals Co.-------------------- Longview, Waah. 98632............... Chelan. Whatcom. Spokane. Pierce. Cowlitt. Copper: American Smelting and Refining Co Box 1606 Smelter___ ___ ... Pierce. Tacoma, Wash. 98401 Pend Oreille Mines ft Metals Co.. 923 Old National Bank Bide. Mine and mill.... Pend Oreille. Spokane, Waah. 99201 Ferroalloys: Foote Mineral Co............... Wenatchee. Waah. 98801 Plant........................ Douglaa. Ohio Ferro-Alloys Corp.................... Taeoma, Wad. 98400............... Pierce. Gold: Knob Hill Mines, Ine................... .. 160 Sansome St. San Francisco, CalU. 94104 Lead-zinc: _ Pend Oreille Mines ft Metals Co.. 923 Old National Bank Bldg. Spokane, Waah. 99201 Mine and mill____ Ferry. ___.do___ ________ Pend Oreille. Steel: Bethlehem Steel Co* Pacific Coast Seattle, Waah, 98134..................... Plant......................... King. Division. Northwwit Steel Rolling Mills, Ine. Do. Zinc: American Smelting and Refining Co Wallace IiUho 838T3................... Mine and mill.... Stevens. MINERAL FUELS Coal: Black Prince Coal Co............ Rt. 2. Bo, 69 Centralis, Wash. 98681 Mine______________ Lewis. Palmer Coking Coal Co* Inc..... P.O. Box 8 ____ do............. Black Diamond, Wash. 98010 King. Peat: Cunningham Sand ft Gravel Co* N. 6315 Cedar St. Bog............................ Spokana. Inc. Spokane, Wash. 99208 Harbor Heights Humus Co....... Gtg Harbor, Wash. 98385...... Bog Pierce. Maple Valley Humus--......... Renton, Wash. 98056. ....... Bog....... King. Plant Food Co.................. Bothell, Waah. 98011.................... Bog............. Snohomish. Petroleum refining: Mobil Oil Corp................................... Ferndale, Wash. 98248....... Refinery..._____ Whatcom, Shell Oil Co............................ ............ Anacortes, Wash. 98221...... ....do.......... Ski^iL Sound Refining, Inc.............. Tacoma, Wash. 98400........ ____do.._____ ... Pierce. Texaco, Inc.........,- Anacortes, Wash. 98221...... ....do.......... Skagit. Union Oil Co. of California....... Edmonds, Wash. 98020...... ....do.......... Snonox U.S. Oil ft Refining Co........... Tacoma, Wash. 98400........ ....do.......... Pierce. Also day. * Also trsprock. * Also sand and gravel. 'i/r .r. ,: 15196941 A-269 West Virginia Cambrian, Ordovician, and a few Silurian age formations are regionally metamorphosed in the far eastern counties of West Virginia as shown in Figure A-68. The two counties where the metamorphic rocks are exposed are Berkeley and Jefferson Counties. The mineral extraction activities of these counties are confined to the quarrying of clays and limestone - limestone only in Jefferson County. Sandstone, sand and gravel are recovered in adjacent Morgan County. Dolomites, limestones, shales, and sandstones predominate in the Siburian Ordovician, and upper Cambrian formations of Berkeley and Jefferson Counties. Along the Maryland border, the Cambrian Catoctin Formation is predominantly a greenstone. Basic lava flows , schist and gneiss, containing chlorite, plagioclose, amphibolite, and epidote are found as well as minor quantities of arkose and thin calstics. Fibrous amphibole minerals are not reported. Precambrian crystalline rocks form the basement beneath the Paleozoic sedimentary section in this area. The mineral production of West Virginia is summarized in Table A-88. Reference Sources (1) Metamorphic Map df the Appalachians, USGS Map 1-724. (228) Mineral Industry of West Virginia, R. E. Harris, 1971, Preprint Minerals Yearbook. (229) West Virginia Mineral Producer's Directory, 1973. (230) Geologic Map of West Virginia, D. G. Cardwell, et al., 1968. 15196942 A-270 FIGURE A -6 8 . OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN WEST VIRGINIA A-271 Table A"88. Value of mineral production in West Virginia, by county (Thousands) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value Barbour............--...... lierkdey.............................. r>#xme____ ................. Bra*ton.................... Brooke______________________ ........... Cabell.......................................... Clay............................................. ........... Fayette_______ ....______ ... Gilmer_______ Grant................................. Greenbrier..._____ ______ .... Hancock................... Hardy................................ Harrison................... Jackson.................... Jefferson_____ .. ........... Kanawha................... Lewis...................... Lincoln.................... _ . . Logan___ ..._____ _______ ... McDowell................................... Marion..................... Manhall. .................. Mason...___............... Mercer___________ ___________ Mineral.................... Mingo..................... Monongalia______........... Monroe.................... Morgan_____ __________ ...... Nicholas________ ........... Ohio.............................................. Pendleton______ ...__________ Pleasants__ _____ ........___ Pocahontas................. Preston.................... Raleigh.... ................ Randolph..___ ............. ......... Roane....______ ........... Summers____________ ____ ... Taylor........... .................. ...... Tucker.......................................... ......... Tyler________________________ Upshur________........____ _ Wayne__ ____ .............. Webster........................................ Wetzel.......................................... Wirt.............................................. Wood............................................ Wyoming........... ................ Undistributed 1.................. ........... ......... W w w w 49 w w 737,150 $25,171 w 85,972 W w w 883 46,790 620 14,523 7,360 w 43 w W w w w w 113,177 192,372 64,983 W W 11,052 W 28,514 W w w W w w w w w w w w Coal. Cement, stone, lime, clays. Coni. Stone, eoal. Coal, sand and gravel. Clays. Co*L Da Da Coal.stone. Do. Sand and gravel, clays. Stone. Coal, atone. Stone. Stone, lime. Coal, stone. ba Stone, eleym. Coni. Da Da Coni. enlt. Coal, und end ,r.v.L ConL Coal, atone. CoeL Coal, stone. Sand and gravel. Da Coal, aand and graveL ConL Stone, lime. Sand and crave!. Stone, eoaT. Coal, atone. ba Da Stone. w w w 7.845 w 1,622 W W 2.525 W 680,605 Coal, clays. Coal, atone. Sand and gravel, salt. Coal. Coal, atone. Coal. Sand and gravel. Stone. Sand and gravel. Coal, aand and gravel. Total .............................. .......... 1.285.364 1,273,960 W Withheld to avoid disclming individual company confidential data; included with "Undistributed.*' 1 Calhoun, Doddridge, Hampshire, Putnam, and Ritchie Counties are not listed because no production was reported. * includes gem stones, natural fas, natural gas liquids, and petroleum that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and values indicated by symbol W. 1 Data may not add to totals shown because ol independent rounding. 15196944 Wisconsin A-272 The northern counties of Wisconsin have extensive Precambrian rock exposures as shown in Figure A-69, The map also shows the location of the more intense metamorphism within the Precambrian age formations. In the northern counties of Douglas, Bayfield, Ashland, and Iron, Keeweenawan rocks of middle to late Precambrian age are mainly sedimentary and volcanics in contact with intrusive and extrusive rocks. The Gogelic Iron Range is the southern extent of this rock division. Further to the south, the rock districts are named Barron, Butternut-Conover, Rhinelander, Florence, and Mountain-Amberg areas. These contain metasedimentary rocks and granite of early to maybe late Precambrian age. The most southern rocks of Precambrian age (Black River Falls - Neillsville, Wausau-Wisconsin Rapids, and Tigerton districts) are mainly a complex of extrusive and intrusive rocks with metasedi- mentary rocks present locally. These rocks also are believed to be of middle Precambrian age. The Keeweenawan rocks are notabale for their copper prospects, chiefly in Polk, Burnett, Douglas, and Bayfield Counties. The Keeweenawan rocks contain both native copper and copper sulphides at many places but their economic potential is not known. Elsewhere in the Precambrian districts, copper prospects occur in Rusk, Marathon, and Marinette Counties -- Kennecott Copper Corporation is actively evaluating their prospect in Rusk County. Currently, there are no iron recovery operations from the Gogebic Range. Extensive iron formations occur in these rocks and to the south in the Butternut- Conover district, (southern Ashland and Iron Counties as well as northern Price County). However, the only iron now being worked in Wisconsin is from the Black River Falls-Neillsville district in Jackson County. Here the Jackson County Iron Company (30 West Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603), a subsidiary of Inland Steel Company, is outputting considerable tonnages of taconite pellets, rhe mine, about 6 miles east of Black River Falls, is in a quartz-hematite- magnetite formation associated with a quartz-biotite-chlorite-garnet schist. Nearby, there are outcrops of Precambrian granite, granite gneiss, gabbro, and other rocks. The fibrous amphibole minerals are not reported from this operation but it is a likely site for their occurrence. 15196945 A-273 40 Milas Zones of Increasing Metamorphism FIGURE A-69. OCCURRENCE OF METAMORPHIC ROCK IN WISCONSIN 15196946 .A-274 The Shullsberg mine in Lafayette County is the single remaining zinc-lead producer in Wisconsin. This mine is owned and operated by EaglePicher Industries, Incorporated (P.0. Box 406, Galena, Illinois 61036). The zinc mineralization in Lafayette, Grant, and Icrwa Counties is of course, a part of the same mineralization occurring in the Ordovician rock of Jo Davies County, northern Illinois. The rock formations in these southern Wisconsin counties are limestones and dolomites which were probably mineralized at the time of the Wisconsin Arch uplift. The nonmetallics being produced in Wisconsin are principally stone, sand and gravel. Production of these commodities is virtually from every county. Details of the rock types being worked are not available. Presumably there may well be operations from the metamorphic rock areas, since these are so widespread. There are no reports of production from rock containing the fibrous amphibole minerals although it is believed that these minerals could be encountered since ultramafic rocks are prevalent in several areas. In Marinette County (in the Mountain-Amberg rock district), there is a local occurrence of short fiber crysotile asbestos (along fractures in small knobs of serpentine) which is not being worked conmercially. The location is known as the Herriman Prospect at 45 35' North Latitude and 87 50' West Longitude. A summary of the mineral production in Wisconsin is given in Tables A-89 and A-90. Source References (231) "Lithologic, Geophysical, and Mineral Commodity Maps of Precambrian Rocks in Wisconsin", C. E. Dutton and R. E. Bradley, 1970, U.S.G.S. Map 1-631. o2) The Mineral Industry of Wisconsin,G. N. Broderick, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. ^$196947 A-275 Tabl e A-89. Value of mineral production in Wisconsin, by county t (Thousands) County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971 in order of value Adams........ Ashland....... Barron........ Bayfield............... Brown........ Buffalo........ Burneit....... Calumet....... Chippewa..... Clark................... Columbia...... Crawford...... Dane......... Dodge........ Door.......... Douglas....... Dunn......... Bau Claire..... Florence....... Fond du Lac... Forest.................. Grant_____ .... Green__________ Green Lake.-- Iowa.....____ _ Iron.......... Jackson________ Jefferson...... Juneau........ Kenosha...___ Kewaunee_____ La Crosse..... Lafayette........... Langlade...... Lincoln....... Manitowoc.... Marathon . . . . . Marinette..... Marquette..... Milwaukee.... Monroe....... Oconto_____ ... Oneida........ Outagamie..... Otauxee______ _ Pepin......... Pierce.......... Polk...................... Portage....... Priee..................... Racine........ Richland...... Rock.................... Rusk.................... St Croix...... Sauk..................... Sawyer........ Shawano............. Sheboygan..... Taylor..___ ... Trempealeau... Vernon........ Vilas..................... Walworth..... Washburn___ _ Washington.... Waukesha..... Waupaca...... Waushara..... Winnebago.... Wood................... Undistributed *. Total. W 142892$ 267 W Www 646 767 2.226 W 8.974 W W W wW ww 209 8.169 W 664 W W W W w 888 637 197 4.656 W W 2.296 2.407 1.194 W W 804 W 265 1.243 578 W wW w 148 W 443 2,039 W W W 149 W 626 695 W W 228 W W 1,766 Ww 128 W 454 54,672 87.670 W 8220 480 W W W W W 816 W 2,132 W 3,066 W W W 176 W 62 W W 2,019 W W 332 W W W W 603 628 W 9.309 467 468 2,445 3,066 1,696 W 6,660 W W W W W W W W 447 W W 216 1.105 W W 1,419 W W W 243 W 481 W W W 2.130 7,468 W 86 2,481 187 41,841 SanU and gravel. Do. Do. Do. Stone, lime, sand and gravel. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. Do. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and graveL lime, stone. Sand and gravel, atone. Lime, sand and gravel, atone. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Do. Stone, sand and gravel, lime, elaya. Sand and graveL Ziae, stone, sand sad gravel, lead. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL stone. Stone. Sand and gravel. Iron ore, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. Do. Zine, stone, lead, sand and graveL Sand and graveL Do. Cement, stone, Ume, send end gravel. Stone, sand and graveL Do. Do. Cement, stone, eend and gravel. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and graveL stone. Do. Stone, sand and graveL Sand and gravel, atone. Stone, sand and graveL . Sand and graveL atone. Do. Sand and graveL Do. Stone, send and gravel, clays. Stone, sand and gravel. Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and graveL Stone, sand and graveL Do. Sand and graveL Sand and graveL stone. Do. Sand and graveL Stone, sand and graveL Do. Sand and graveL Sand and gravel, stone. Sand and graveL Do. Sand and gravel, stone, peat. Sand and gravel, atone. Do. Stone, sand and graveL Do. 84,036 W Withheld to avoid disclosing individual company.confidential data; included with ''Undistributed/* 1 No production reiorted lor Menominee County. 1 Includes gem stones, quantities of sand sad gravel, and stone that cannot be assigned to specific counties, and values indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totab shown because of independent rounding. 15196948 A-276 TABLE A-90. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN WISCONSIN Commodity tnd compuy Address Cement: Marquette Cement Mfg. Co. 20 N. Wacker Dr. Chicago, III. *0606 Medusa Portland Cement Co. Clays and shale: Oakfiald Shala Brirk * Tile Co. Union Grove Dral: Tile Co. Coke: Milwaukee Solvay Coke DJv., Pickanda Mather A Co. Iron ore: Jackson County Iron Co.. Inland Steel Co.: Black River Falla. Lead and sine: > Eegle-Picher Industries, Ine.: Shulleburg ............ Lime: Cutler-LaLlberteMcDougsU Corp. Boa 6666 Cleveland, Ohio 44101 OaldUld. Wia. 6*066_____ Boa 646 Union Grove, Wk 68182 til E. OmnlUM Ara. Mllwaukaa. Wia. 66606 60 W. Uo.ru 81 Chicago, III. 60403 Boa 406 Galana, IDL 61036 12th Ava. A Waterfront Duluth. Mian. 66802 MayvlUe White Lime Works. Rockwall lima Co..____ _ Bog 86 Mayvtlla. Wia 66060 226 N. LaSalle SL Chicago, IlL 40601 The WUn Lime A Comoat Co,: Gima Bijr pliit............. BoitOtd Milwaukee, Wk. 63201 Knowles plut Eden plant. rate Demllco, Inc........... .. Eipendtd perlite*. Midwest Ferlito Co........... ZonoWU Division, V. R. Grtct A Co. Sand and Gravel: Eau Claire Sand A Gravel Co. GenniM Sand A Gravel Co. Inc.. Jaeger Sand A Gravel Co., ln<. Janeeville Sand A Gravel Co. Johnson Sand A Gravel Ine. Edward Kraemer A Sons, Ine. $101 W. Custer Ava. Milwaukee, Wk 63209 912 Collet# Ava. Appleton. Wia. 64911 62 whlttemore Ava. Cambridge, Maes. 02140 104 Glbaon St. Eau Claire. Wk. 64701 HS32 W. Kehhnger Ava. Milwaukee, Wia. 63214 1110 Hardlnf St. Janesville, Wia. 63S4S 22760 W. Bluemound Rd. Waukeaha, Wia. 53166 Plain, Wia. 63677................ C. C. Llnck, Inc.................... 1226 N. Center Si Deaver Dam, Wia. 63916 Manley Sand Division, Martin Marietta Corp. Rocktoa, III. 61072 Fiautt Brothera, Inc............ Rein, Schulte A Dahl, Inc. Route 1 Willard, Wia. 64493 6217 Nesbitt Rd. Madiaon, Wia. 63711 State Sand A Grave! Co... Wiaeota Sand A Gravel Co. 10633 W. Watertown Piank Rd. Milwaukee. WU. 36326 313 One Half Eau Claire Kau Claira. Wia. 64701 Typo o( ictlvity County Portland and masonry, dry proceaa. White, dry proceei.. Milwaukee. Manitowoc. Pit and plant. ____ .do______ Fond du Las. Radas. Coke ovens Milwaukee. Mine, concentrator, Jackson. acftomerator. Mine and ratil Lafayette. Quick and hydrated, two rotary kilns, one continuous hydrator. Quicklime, one abaft kiln. Quick and hydrated, one rotary kiln, ooeNcontiauou* hydrator. Douglas. Dodge. Manitowoc. Quick and hydrated, Brown. five ahalt kilns, one bstcb shaft kilns, one continuous hy drator. Quiek and hydrated, five shaft kilns, one bstcb hydrator. Dodge. Fond du Lae. Bog, processing plant Waukesha. Processing plant____ Outagamie ..........do........................ Milwaukee. Pita; portable and stationery plants. Fit; portable and stationary plants. Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire. Waukesha. Pit; stationary plant. rite; portable pleota. ............. do................. do Pit; stationary plant; industrial sand. Pit; portable plants. ..........do...................... Pits; stationary plants. _____ do___ ____ Rock. Waukesha. Brown, Barron, Chippewa, Eau Claire, Forest. Oconto, Ozaukee, Polk, Portage, Racine. Saule, Sawyer, Sheboy gan, Walworth, Washington, Waukesha. Calumet, Columbia, Dane, Dodge, Fond du Lac, Green Lake, Racine, Waushara. Columbia. Chippewa, Clark. Dane, Jackson, Jefferson, Wauke sha. Waukesha. Barron, Bayfield, Eau Claire, Washington. 15196949 A-277 TABLE A-90. (continued) Commodity and company Addrem Type of activity County Granite: AadinoB Bros. A Johnson Co. Lawrence Ladiek, Inc. Lake Wausau Granite Co. Limestone and dolomite: Courtesy A Plummer, Inc. BoiM E. Manson St. Wuuu, Wis. 64401 Rout. 1 Vmper, Wts. 64489 Box 397 Wuuu, Wla. 64401 Bos 361 Nseoah, WU. 64960 Daansn A Janssen.... Franklin Stone Prod ucts, Inc. Halquist Isnnw Stone Co. Edward Krsemer A Sons, Inc. 1Z4 S. Huron St. Do Pm, WU. 64116 T220 S. 6Mh SL Halm Comm. WU. 63180 Sum. WU. 63089.............. . Plain. WU. 63577................ . Arthur Overgaard, Inc. Box ST Elroy. WU. 53929 Vulcan Materials Co^ 29 N. Wanker Dr. Midwest Division. Chicago. J1L 60606 Waukesha Lime A Stone Co. Box 708 Waukaaha. WU. S3186 Wingra Stone Co., Ine^ Stewart Watson Construetkm Co. Qusrtslte: Foley Broe^ Ine........... Minnesota Mtnlnf A Mfg. Co. Routo 2, Box 4284 MadUon, WU. 63711 460 Endkott Bkix. on 4th St. Paul. Minn. 35101 2601 Hudson ltd. St. Paul, Minn. S5U9 QuarrUo; stationary Marathon, plant. Quarry. Do. Quarry; stationary plant. Do. Quarries; stationary and portable plants. Quarries; portable planta. Quacry; stationary plant. Quarries; stationary plant. Quarries; portable plants. Quarries; stationary arid portabla plants. Quarries; stationary plants. Quarry; stationary and portable plants. Portable planu____ Calumet, Waupaca, Winnebago. Brown. MOwaukaa. Waukesha. Buffalo, Columbia, CrawCord, Douglas, Dunn, Grm, Jun.au, La Crosse, MarqintU Monroes Pieros, Richland, St. Croix, Sank, Trempealeau. Vernon. Juneau. Virlooi counties, Milwaukee, Redoe, Waukesha, Winnebago, Waukesha. Dans. Quarry; stationary plant. Quarries; stationary plant. Sauk, Marathon, Sandstone: KUia Querriee. Ine.... Traprock (baealt): Bryan Rock Products inc. GAF Corp................ McLean Construction Co. Vermlcutlte. exfoliated Zonolite Div., W. R. Grace A Co. Stevens Point. Wis. 55481.. Box 216 Shakopee, Minn. 65372 Pembtne, Wit. 64166------ 314 Ogden Ave. Superior, Wis. 64880 62 Whittemore Ave. Cambridge, Maas. 02140 Quarries; stationary Marathon, Wood.. plant. Quarry; stationary and portable plants. Quarry; atatlonary plant. Quarry; portable plant. Polk, Marinette, Douglas, Processing plant.... Milwaukee. Alt lead-tine mining was by underground methods. A-278 Wyoming The Division of Wyoming into regular physiographic units is difficult due to the diversity of the rock structures and to their irregularity of occurrence in geographic pattern. Nevertheless, the vast area of Wyoming is essentially basin and range and a conventional division into provinces has been suggested as follows: Mountain cores of Precambrian crystalline rock. Basin areas of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary sedimentaries, Absaroka Mountain volcanic area and the Yellowstone Plateau of the northwest corner of Wyoming, Belts of folded and thrust faulted Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments in the West and Southwest, Areas of scattered volcanic stocks and necks. Figure A-70 shows the various mountain ranges and basins and particularly mark the Precambrian mountain cores which consist of igneous and metamorphosed complex rock systems. Not surprisingly, the occurrence of the asbestiform minerals, both chrysotile and amphibole types, and the genetically related minerals, talc and soapstone, is closely associated with the igneous and metamorphic formations of the Precambrian mountain cores. This relationship is apparent in the map figure which illustrates the locations of specific mineral occurrences. The nature of the specific occurrences is described in Tables A-91 and A-92 which are number keyed to the locations identified on Figure A-71. Generally, the metallic mineralization of Wyoming also is located in or adjacent to the mountain ranges as might be expected. However, many of W'omings metallic mineral deposits are undeveloped. Except for uranium, there i little metal mining in Wyoming. Many valuable deposits remain to be commercially exploited. Similarly, the nonmetallic minerals are not a large pa, of the Wyoming production either, compared to the fossil fuel mineral 13196951 A-279 production. The fossil fuels account for most of the Wyoming mineral values produced. Stone, sand and gravel are abundantly worked to rank second to fossil fuels in degree of mineral recovery activity. Other nonmetallics and metallics, notably uranium, make up the bulk of the production. The county by county production and the principal mineral producers of Wyoming are given in Tables A-93 and A-94. There are no reports of the fibrous amphibole minerals being encountered in the Wyoming production. NOTE: The jade deposits in the Red Desert/South Pass area are known to contain fibrous material (which could conceivably be asbestiform). There is some hard-rock mining for jade going on in addition to exploitation of surface material. Also the western flank of the Tetons contain considerable (variety Bowenite). FIGURE A-70. GEOLOGICAL MAP OF WYOMING 15196952 A-280 15196953 FIGURE A -7 1 . OCCURRENCE OF IGNEOUS AND METTAMORPHIC ROCK IN WYOMING A-281 TABLE A-91. ASBESTOS OCCURRENCES IN WYOMING Teton Connty 1 Berry Creek Deposit; at bead of Berry Creek approximately 2 mi. cam of the Teton range waicnhed and 6 mi. south of Yetiowsuoe National Park. A tabular, vertical body of altered pcridotite striker east, has a maximum width of 50 it, and can be traced for 400 ft. along the strike. The pcridotite Is sur rounded by granite gneiss. "Several fractures in altered pcridotite contains slip-fiber cbrysotile and amphibole las than 1 in. long. Much of the fiber has been destroyed by later replacement.' Brown Bear Deposit; secs. 19 or SO. T. 47 N, R. 110 W,, has a 400 ft. serpentine dike or sill with stringers of slip-fiber duysotile and amphibole which strikes north-south, and stands vertically. Some fibers are more than 1 in. long but many fibers have been destroyed by later quarts replacement. A mill was built, but there has been no production Washakie County 2 Canyon Creek Claim; sec. 25. T. 48 N, R. 86 W. A seeks of metamorphics (greenstone, hornblende schist, metadiabase) strike N. 15* E. and disappear under uiin aliments about 1 n' w*b of the claim. These preCambrian metamorphia contain a very small amount ot bruise. asbestos and talc. No cbrysotile has been found Fremont County 3 fire King Deposit; SEyj sec. 26, T. 30 N,, R- 100 W,, about 4 mi. due north of Atlantic City.* A pre-Cambrian serpentine body strikes northeast and stands vertical; it is awodated with chlorite and magnetite schist, quartzite, and gneiss. Later granites cut and invade the tnetamorphica. Asbestos b found in small leoaes in one tone 150 ft. wide and 900 ft- long Cross-fiber chrysolite (average Win. long) for spinning was produced pnoi to 1921. A mill was built in 1919 4 Beaver Creek Deposit; tee. 19, T. 30 N, R. 96 W, 5 mi. south of Beaver Hill. Five lenticular serpentine masses, surrounded by granite are well exposed. The western lens is 600 ft. long and 250 ft. wide, the central lens is 800 ft. long and 130 ft. wide. The other lenses are much smaller. Small amounts of cross- fiber chrysotile veinlets ((( to Win. long) in the serpentine strike parallel to the terpentine mass. Venniculitc. talc and anihophyllitc also are associated with the serpentine A Abernathy Deposit; set 5, T. 7 N,, R. 5 W,, set .32, T.1N.L5W, (Wind River Meridian) and tec 7, T. 42 N, R. 104 W. at the west end of the Owl Creek mountains. Amphibole asbestos follows cleavage plana and fractures in a thick diabase dike. The fibers are weedy and brittle, but are longer than the Casper Mounuin fibers Natrona County 3 Casper Mountain Asbestos Deposits; sec. 16, 17, T. 39 N., R. 79 W, 8 mi. from Casper. A mill was built in 1910, but there has been little production since that time. A terpentine body, several thousand feet wide trends east-west through the north-central half of secs. 16 and 17. The serpentine is surrounded and cut by granite gneiss, hornblende schist, and metadiabase. Small, parallel cross-fiber chrysotile veins about W 10 W>n- wide are separated by layers of serpentine. Locally many fractures are filled with cross-fiber chrysotile. Some fibers up to 4 in. long have been reported 5 Smith Creek Deposit; SEyj sec 19, SW cor. see 20. NW cor. sec 29, NE cor. sec 30. T. 31 N.. R. 78 W. Three pre-Cambrian terpentine lenses, otte barren of asbestos, contain venial veins of yellowish-green cross fiber chrysotile, mostly 'A in. in length. The central lens is 650 it. by 300 ft. The western lens shows fiber y4 in. long in a zone 75 ft. to 150 ft. in length 7 Green Hill Deposit; sec 23. T. 31 N, R. 78 W,, 3 mi. cast of the Smith Creek asbestos mill. One terpentine lens 1,700 ft. long and 500 ft. wide surrounded by granite has a 1 in. veinlct of harsh, coarse chrysotile. A small amount of baish. slip-fiber chrysotile was found on the dump 15196954 A-282 TABLE A-91 (continued) Convene County 8 Koch Deposit; sec 15. T. 31 N,, R. 77 W,, on the north tide ot the Wert Fork of Deer Creek. A terpentine lent 1300 ft by 500 ft. trends northeast. There are several smaller lenses; all are surrounded by granite. A small amount of amphibole asbestos, one chrysolite veinlet, y$-in. wide, and two venuicuiite lenses have been reported B Stardust Claim; sec 20, T. 32 N, IL 75 W. A small amount of dtrysotile Is associated with a vermiculite deposit Albany County 9 Halleck Canyon area; approx, tec IS, T. 22 N,, R- 71 W. Chrysotile cron-fibeT vdnlett up to 2 inches in width occur in two small areas of terpentine The crass fibers are up to one inch in length and are not excessively brittle. Minor amounts of slip-fibers are developed in other fracture systems which are flat dipping and trend obliquely to the regional foliation Carbon County 10 A deposit of amphibole asbestos is reported to be located about ly& mi. south west of Encampment 11 Seminoe Mountains area; secs. 21, 22, T. 26 N., R. 85 W. Two narrow anthophyllite asbestos veins occur in amphibole schist. The veins vary from 2 inches to 1.6 feet in width and are intermittently exposed in several prospect pits along an east-wen strike parallel to a regional foliation of vertical dip. The asbestos occurs mainly as mass fibers and some soft and brittle cross fibers up to 2j* indies long Sheridan County 12 Asbestos is reported in the mountains west of Sheridan A-283 TABLE A-92. TALC AND SOAPSTONE OCCURRENCES IN'WYOMING Tctoo Comity 1 Badger Creek Depout; sec. 5. T. 6 N.. R. 117 W. Massive soapstone and fibrous talc are found in an olivine diabase that has been intruded by granite and quartz (32. p. 816). 'Washakie County ? Canyon Creek Talc Deposit; sec 25, T. 48 N.. R. 86 W. Talc achist and Straus talc are associated with folded hornblende schist, olivine metadiabasc, and a small amount of brittle amphibole asbestos. The rocks strike N. 15* L (32. p837). Tirnsonl County 3 Abernathy Deposit; (See VERMICUUTE). Soapstone svas found by Aughey on "north side oT Rattlesnake Mountains, on headwaters of S. Powder" (16. p. 61). Albany County 4 Halleck Canyon Area; approx, sec. 13, T. 22 N, R. 72 W. Talc, approxi mately 100 feet long by 5 to 7 feet wide, occurs in a steadied serpentine rone. The deposit is well foliated, steeply dipping unit that strikes approximately due north. The deposit grades into a steatized chlorite-rich rock to the north. The talc-rich layer contains numerous zones of tremolite which makes it brittle and of poor quality (635). 5 Nipper No. 1 Claim; SEW aec. 32. T. 25 N,, R. 73 W. Talc schist strikes N. 55* W. and dips 65* N. Apparently a hornblende schist altered along a zone of weakness to talc Seriate and quartz are associated with the talc schist (344). 5 Nipper No. 2 Claim; WVs NEW and EW NWW aec 32. T. 25 N, R. 73 W. A contorted talc schist body trends N. 25* to 45* \V. and stands vertically (544). 5 ZSTLOfr ^NEiir T- 25 N" * 75 W- A talc *chfat- lnoUte Khut and anthophyllite schist strike N. 45* E. and dip 65* S. The talc schist is about 20 ft. wide at the prospect pit, but narrows to several inches (544). 5 Nipper No. 4 Claim; SW SEW sec 29. and N*/i NEW sec 32, T. 25 N.. R. 75 W. A talc schist contacts hornblende schist along the northeast slope of a hill. The schists strike N. 25* E. and dip 65* E. (344). 6 Palmer Canyon; sec. 1. T. 24 N.. R. 71 W. A talc lens has formed between hornblende schist and granite. The lens of good quality talc is 6 ft. thick at the lo'fece- but narrows with depth: it is a very small deposit. Anthophvllite has altered to vermiculite (296). ' 7 In sec 3, T. 25 N., R. 71 W. a lens of talc-like mineral. "Mg-amphibole schist" is about li/t mi. long and 1/3 mi. wide. The foliated type of schist is a mass of interwoven acicular pseudomorphs of hi?-amphiboie after hornblende (468); (See GARNET. MICA). Platte County 8 Collins Deposit; 500 ft. from south quarter corner, sec. 15. T. 27 N., R. 70 W. Country rocks at this prospect are hornblende schist, granite, and quartz veins. Good grade crumpled and metamorphosed talc is found in the main pit but the quantity is small as the talc pinches and swells (297). Converse County 9 Badger Prospect; (See VERMICULITE). 10 Smith Prospect; (See VERMICUUTE). Caifaon County 11 A deposit 1 mi. south of Encampment consists of high-grade chlorite mica that grades into talc (217). Carbon County 12 Foliated talc was reported from the Deserted Treasure Mine in the Scminoc Mountains (16. p. 61). 15196956 A-284 TABLE A-93. MINERAL PRODUCTION IN WYOMING, BY COUNTY County 1970 1971 Minerals produced in 1971, in order of value Albany......._______________ Bi, Horn........................................... Campbell......... .. Carbon......................... ,S97 ... 80,704 Crook Fremont..___ ............___ Goshen...................... Hot Springs................. Johnson..................... Laramie..................... Lincoln_____...............___ .. 12.122 N.trona_________ (1.222 Niobrara____ .............___ W Pork............................................. .. ... 118,090 Plotto.................................................. Sheridan...... .............. Sublette..................... 6.685 Swootwotor_____________________ Teton Uinta................................................... W 2,486 WoahmkU.......................................... .. 10,046 Woaton............................................... 11.884 Yellowstone National Park.... Undiatributad >_________________ W Total*........................................ 705,683 $6,877 27,790 188,441 86,601 28,893 21.693 88.176 458 83.811 16,870 2.789 14.185 61.014 1,916 109,934 4.727 8.026 24.5X1 97.076 209 1,674 11.020 12,468 Cement, stone, petroleum, send end rrevel,.gyp sum, iron ore. Petroleum, eUya, sand and travel, gypsum, natural gas, lime, atone. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, eoal, sand and gravel. Uranium, eoal, petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, natural gas. Petroleum, eoal, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, natural gas. Petroleum, clays, nature! gas, send and gravel. Petroleum, uranium, iron ore, natural gaa, natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, feldspar. Sand and gravel, lime, petroleum. Petroleum, eoal, natural gaa, sand and gravel. Petroleum, clays, natural gas. natural gas liquids, send end gravel. *1 Petroleum, stone, sand and gravel. Coal, natural gaa liquids, phosphate rock, natural gas, petroleum, sand and gravel, stone. Petroleum, uranium, natural gas, natural gas liquids, clays, sand and gravel, stone. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, natural gas liquids. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gaa liquids, sand and gravel, gypsum, stone. Iron ore, stone, sand and graveL Coal, petroleum, sand ana gravel, atone. Petroleum, natural gas, sand and gravel, natural gas liquids. Sodium carbonate, petroleum, natural gas, coal natural gas liquids, sand and gravel, stone. Sand and gravel, stone. Natural gaa, natural gas liquids, sand and gravsl, daysb stone. Petroleum, natural gas, natural gas liquids, sand sad gravel, lima. Petroleum, days, sand and gravel, natural gaa atone. 1.424 717,987 ---------- Value in $ thousands W Withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data; included with `'Undistributed.** 1 Includes gem stones, some stone, and sand and gravel that cannot be assigned to apodfie counties and values indicated by symbol W. * Data may not add to totals shown because of independent rounding. A-285 TABLE A-94. PRINCIPAL MINERAL PRODUCERS IN WYOMING Commodity and company Address Typo of activity County Cement: Monolith Portland Mldwaat Co. 8326 Su Fernando Road Lot Angelo, Calll. 90066 Clays: American Colloid Co 6100 Suflleld Court Skokie, IU. 60076 Plant. Open pit mine and plane Open pit mine..... Open pit mine and Bif Hots. Cm V Blade Hmi Bentonite Co............... Boa 1, lima, Wyo. 62644... Drawer Industries, Ine. OraybtiD Box 832 r Minerals Division. Greybull, Wyo. 62426 International Minerals & Chemical Corp-Eastern Clay Prodncta Dept, NL Industries Inc, Baroid Division. Wyo-Bsn Products, Inc________ Youthiofhany A Ohio Coal Co. Federal Bentonite Co Division. Coal: The Kemmarer Coal Co.,,.._... Administration Center Old Orchard Road Skokie, IUL 60078 Box 1676 Houston, Ter. 77001 Box 1979 BOlints. Mont. 69108 4614 Prospect Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 44108 Frontier, Wyo. 83121...___ ____ .do........ .....do........ Open pita planL avesadOesseosaeoesoo Open pit rniwi....... Opa pitnlMiad pint ______do_______________ 2 atrip mines, crashing Big Hots. Da. Do. Westea. Big flora. Crook. Wo Tlooll PadAc-Powsr 4 Light Co...... 920 S.W. 6th Avntu r Portland. Oreg. 97206 Gypsum: Big Horn Gypotun Co.......... Box 690 Cody* Wyo. 82414 Iron Ora: CP 41 Steal Carp........................... Bos 816 Pueblo, Colo. 81002 United States Steal Corp* Lender, Wyo. 82620....... Wasters Ora Operations. lima: Tba Grant WasteTM Sugar Co. Bos 6308 Dcnvar. Colo. 8021T HoDy Sugar Corp............. Holly Sugar Bldg. Colorado Springs, Colo. 80902 Natural gas and pntrolooa: t Phosphate rock: Stauffer Chemical Company of 636 California 8treat Wyoming. San Francisco, Calif. 94106 plant. 8trip ' Open pit mine end waUDoard plant. Underground mine and baneBeiation ssSL Open It min. ud aggl Pet kOa at hmt m plant. Shaft kfla at brotsugar plant. Opan pit mb. ud budieUtbl a plant. Con* Hi Haim Sand and gravel (commercial): Boatnfht-Smlth.. ___ ... GUpatrlck Conatnictlon Co^ Box 1129 Casper, Wyo. 82602 Box 976 Riverton, Wyo. 82601 Tatea Construction Co......... Box3248 Cheyenne. Wyo. 82001 Union Pacific Railroad Co...... 1416 Dodge Street Omaha, Ntbr. 68102 Sodium Carbonate: Allied Chemical Corp., Industrial Box 70 Chemicals Div. Morristown, NJ. 07960 7MC Corp., Inorganic Chemicals Division. Stauffer Chemical Company of Wyoming. Box 872 Green River, Wyo. 82986 Box 613 Green River, Wyo. 82986 Stone: The Great Western Sugar Co... Box 6308 Denver, Colo. 80217 Guernsey 8tona Co............ Bos 837 Guernsey, Wyo. 82214 Monolith Portland Midwest Co. Box 40 Laramie, Wyo. 82070 Union Padflc Railroad Co...... 1416 Dodge Street . Omaha, Nebr. 68102 Uranium: Federal American Partners.. ... Box 991 Riverton, Wyo. 82501 Petrotoreka Co......... Drawer 2460 Casper, Wyo. 82601 Utah Construction 4 Mining Box 911 Co. Riverton, Wyo. 82601 Western Nuclear, Inc.......... 1700 Broadway, Suite 1900 ' Denver, Colo. 80202 Pita and plant,............. Natrona. Pit. Pit. Pit. Pit. Pit. Pit. Pit. SwwtvaUr. Weahalcie. Carbon. Laramie. Albuy. Underground mtn. ud Swmtwatar. rafinary. ______do____ .....___ _ Do. .do. Do. Quarry ud plant_____ Laramfca. .do.. Platte. 2 quarrlea and pluta.. Albuy. Quarry and plant_____ larmmla. 8 opan pit mba ud mill. Open pit mb. and mill. 2 open pit mba, leaching operation. 2 open pit mba, 2 under-ground mines, and mllL 6 underground mines, 1 open pit mbs. rud ml Carbon. Do. Do. 1 Most of the major oil sad gss companies and many smaller companlee operate la Wyoming, sad commercial directories contain complete Hats of them. A-286 Source References (2) Asbestos in the United States, A. H. Chidester and A. F. Shride, 1962, USGS Map MR-17. (2) Talc and Soapstone in the United States, A. H. Chidester and H. V. Worthington, 1962, USGS Map MR-31. (233) Geologic Map of Wyoming, J. D. Love, et al., 1972, USGS and Wyoming Geological Survey. (234) Mines and Minerals Map of Wyoming, and Energy Resources Map of Wyoming, D. W. Lane, et al., 1970-1972, The Geological Survey of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. (235) Reported Occurrences of Selected Minerals in Wyoming, Mineral Classification Branch Staff Compilation, 1964, USGS Map MR-42. (236) Mineral Resources of Wyoming, F. W. Ostervald, et al., 1966^ The Geological Survey of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82070. (237) The Mineral Industry of Wyoming, E. R. Slatick, 1971, U.S. Bureau of Mines' Minerals Yearbook. 15196959 A-2 87 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing) 1. report no. E PA-650/2-74-487 2. 4. title ano subtitle Identification aasi&E&essment of Asbestos Emissions from IncidentalSssrces of Asbestos 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI+NO. 5. REPORT DATE September 1974 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 7. AUTHOR(S) R.J. KuryviaL, RJL Wood, and R. E. Barrett 9. PERFORMING ORG WOTSJTCJkNAME AND AOORESS Battelle, CotoaBfciffi Laboratories 505 King Aveius? Columbus, Oimi B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. 1AB015; ROAP 21AFA-004 11. CONTRACT/GrtANT NO. 68-02-0230, Task 24 12. SPONSORING AGGHCVmEANO AOORESS F1PA Offipp n!F3pnmrph nnri TVvplnnmpnf NERC-RTP, Orntmi Systems Laboratory Research Triasgte Park, NC 27711 15. SUPPLEMENTARY JQ5Z5 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Final: 12/73-5/74 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE is. abstract ja^asrfdescribes work directed at defining the potential seriousness of asbestos emissmasB Smt result from man's disturbing geological formations in which asbestos occurssaaaaaaccessory mineral. An extensive literature search yielded a catalog of all fenatRSBand probable occurrences of asbestos in the United States. These locations were^snsesied to identify large mining activities which could cause release of asbestos to {Useatmosphere. Sixteen such sites were identified. Emissions were estimated for tChere sites, based on production figures and the nature of the opera<- tions. Two siSaasmare selected from this group for further characterization based on probable emgawns and population density considerations. Ambient air samples were taken at &e&x> sites, using high volume samplers; the samples were analy zed, using eleaSramicroscope techniques. The analysis of these samples did not support the hyptbsis that a public health hazard exists because of asbestos emis sions from the4asources tested; however, because of the limited sampling and analysis, it wrifa3;mtbe valid to apply these findings to all possible sources. Il7. 1. Mr Pollution sbestos Vitning G: ague *eS33TPTORS key words and document analysis b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS Air Pollution Control Stationary Sources c. COSATI Field/Croup 13B 08G, 11E 081 <8 ClGTRIBUTION STATEMENT Unlimited EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73) 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) Unclassified 20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) Unclassified 21. NO. OF PAGES 342 22. PRICE 15196960