Document DDXzmD414k9QjYX8Ew1gLr84

Clvland. Ohio 44131 216-447-6475 TO: Vinyl Institute Technical Committee FROM: M. M. O'Mara September 1, 1983 MMO/217/83 Received SFP X 3 3983 MEDICAL DIV. Enclosed is our third progress report against objectives. This report is a result of a one-day meeting at the Seven Continents Restaurant in Chicago's O'Hare airport. i j Our next meeting will be a teleconference on Tuesday, September 20, 1983* at 9:00 a.m. (EDT) . --------- ------------------- -- The next quarterly meeting will be at the Seven Continents Restaurant on Tuesday, November 1, 1983 from 9:30 a.m. and ending around 4:00 p.rn. Please be sure to distribute this report to interested parties in your organization. Sincerely, MMO/mat enc. cc: R.T.Gottesman B.A.DiLiddo Committee: B.Hall W.Carroll L.Fishbein I). Goodman R.Flammer VMD 723321 PROGRESS REPORT NO. 3 A September 2, 1983 Progress Against Objectives OBJECTIVE & RESPONSIBILITY* 1 - Combustion Paper (O'Mara) 2 - Computer Database (Fishbein) .her SPI Fire Prog (O'Mara) as PROGRESS/ACTIONS This objective is completed. A BFG Task Force delivered its product to the Communications Committee which is in the progress of preparing public oriented documents. Future progress on this project will now be the responsibility of Snider and his conunittee. The Battelle contract has been signed and abstract readers are finally being hired. Due to delays caused by a contract disagreement between Battelle and the VI, there is some slippage on timing. However, thanks to Gottesman's help, we are now on track with thje following timetable (all 1983): ^ AV^tracts to Battelle ototype Database Built Jatabase Changes Made Database Loaded " 9/5 9/19 10/1 11/28 *See Mission/Objective document for full description. In early August, the Hazards Analysis Committee and the Research Committee of SPI met and restructured their programs. More emphasis will be placed on mathe matical modelling and less on defensive programs aimed at answering the ridiculous technical claims of Wallace, Vickery, etc. Key projects are: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Pitt/NBS Protcol Study Fire Modelling Program Fire Gas Condensation Study CO in Non-fire Victims Analysis Support Marriott Fire Experiments Smoke Hazard vs. Toxic Gas Hazard Study While these programs have been designed for the entire plastic industry, projects i, iii, and iv are particularly helpful to the PVC industry. VMD 723322 P "RESS REPORT NO. 3 September 2, 1983 page 2 OBJECTIVE & RESPONSIBILITY* 4 - Medical Subcommittee (Hall) A PROGRESS/ACTIONS This new subcommittee of the Technical Committee is headed by Dr. Johnson (BFG) with management oversight responsibility from Bud Hall. The entire subcommittee consists of: Hall - Management Oversight Johnson - Technical Head Williams - Toxicologist (DuPont) Brodele - Toxicologist (Conoco) "X" - Dow (As of this date, we are continuing our efforts to obtain someone from Dow.) The Medical Subcommittee has outlined 3 action steps to meet our objective of providing new information to rebut the Dryer-Esch article of 1976. These action steps are: i) It has been decided not to support the Boyd project on abstracting toxicological articles. It is felt that little can be learned from doing this. Boyd will be informed of our decision. ii) S. Williams will undertake an internal rebuttal of the Esch-Dryer article by reviewing pertinent literature references. iii) New Research. In order to effec tively rebut the wild claims of Esch, Wallace, Birky and Alarie, we must have some new data targeted specifically at their claims. The subcommittee has reviewed these claims and has proposed the following research: a. Deposition of HC1 in the throat/ lungs of rodents vs. primates. b. Sensitivity of HC1/C0 to primates vs. rodents. VMD 723323 PROGRESS REPORT NO. 3 S ember 2, 1983 Page 3 OBJECTIVE & RESPONSIBILITY* A PROGRESS/ACTIONS c. Cornmeal effects of HC1 vs. other ^irritants. d. RD50 as a tool for predicting incapacitation. e. Secondary, sestemic effects of HC1 on biological systems. f. Comprehensive review of CO toxicity. g. Epidemology of CO related deaths. h. Epidemology of firemen mortality - cancer concern. The Technical Committee reviewed these projects in depth and discussed the relative merit of each. Based on this discussion, the following decisions have been made concerning the above: Combine A, Br C and E into one project, obtain bid from SWRI by 9/7/83. *Do not bother with D because it is now recognized that Alarie's method is not useful (even Alarie doesn't advocate it any longer). Visit FAA and discuss piggyback onto their primate project at SWRI - O'Mara/ Johnson, mid-September. *F, G now out for bids and to be funded by other SPI committees. *H should be approached through OSHA. Gottesman, Freeman (SPI) will recommend how we approach OSHA on obtaining information on Project h. VMD 723324 PR XESS REPORT NO. 3 September 2, 1983 Page 4 3BJECTIVE & RESPONSIBILITY* 5 - HC1 Transport (Carroll) 6 - Pipe Permeation (Goodman) A PROGRESS/ACTIONS The first technical report of the Tech nical Committee has been issued - "The Generation, Transport and Decay of HCl as a Combustion Product of PVC - An Investi gation of Electrical Overload of Power Wires in a Plenum Space". Briefly (hopefully more brief than the title), this study shows that under extreme electrical overload conditions, PVC insulation decomposes and releases HCl. This HCl condenses in the plenum and on the surface of the false ceiling thereby eliminating any hazard from HCl in the room below (for the wire loading, plenum size and room size chosen which were typical). The VI has invited the NBS to participate in the planning of future experiments. NBS is doing similar experiments and by joining forces, we hope to be more cost effective and further drive the entire project toward a hazard analysis exercise. Dr. Richard Gann has been named by NBS to advise the VI in these experiments. The next set of experiments is now being planned by Carroll and his subcommittee. An overview of this project indicates that we have completed Phase I (pure solvent exposures), and Battelle is in the process of preparing a document. Questions relating to certain technical problems (cross contamination, gasket composition, analytical procedure, and pressure loss during exposure) have been raised and are currently being addressed by Goodman and his subcommittee. At this time, we can say that jointed PVC, jointed ductile iron, and jointed asbestos cement pipe are penetrated rapidly (within days) by pure toluene and 1,1,1 trichlorethane. The attack appears to be through the rubber gasket and is roughly independent of the composition of the pipe. The situation with hexane solvent is penetrated and is under further study. Phase II (solvent in water) of this project is just beginning. VMD 723325 P iRESS REPORT NO. 3 September 2, 1983 page 5 OBJECTIVE & RESPONSIBILITY* 7 - Other Critical Issues (O'Mara) A PROGRESS/ACTIONS So far, the project supports our claim that when heavy concentrations of organic pollutants (toluene and 1,1,1, TCE, so far) come in contact with piping system, it serves no purpose to argue about the relative merits of plastic vs. other piping systems. All systems are compounded rapidly by these solvents. Action Item - Mr. Goodman and his subconunittee will evaluate the Battelle work and address the technical isues already mentioned with the Battelle staff. O'Mara, some members of the Technical and Communications Committees, Dr. Paula Dunnigan and Dr. Gottesman, participated in a brainstorming session to identify other issues that could potentially impact the PVC industry. The output of this session was 11 potential issues. O'Mara will summarize these issues for Gottesman who in turn, will obtain comments from other interested individuals in the vinyl industry. He will then advise the Technical/Comraunication Committee's on the relative importance of these issues. Action Item - Document to Gottesman by 9/7/83/ , , dlf 9/2/83 VMD 723326 X _i ; -v Mr TOXKtM.OfiV AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 70, 236-248 (1983) Evaluation of the Pulmonary Toxicity of Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Thermal Decomposition Products in Guinea Pigs by Repeated C02 Challenges IC L. Wong, M. F. Stock, and Y. C. Alarie1 The Toxicology Laboratory. Department ofIndustrial Environmental Health Sciences. Graduate School ofPublic Health, University ofPittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Received February 19, 1983; accepted April 19. 1983 Evaluation ofthe Pulmonary Toxicity ofPlasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Thermal Decomposition Products in Guinea Pigs by Repeated COa Challenges. Wong, K. L., Stock, M. F., and alarie, Y. C. (1983). Toxicol. Appl Pharmacol. 70,236-248. Male guinea [Mgs were exposed to thermal decomposition products of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-A) at different concentrations up to levels inducing acute lethality. Several groups exposed at sublethal levels were then evaluated for pulmonary performance for a period of 57 days following exposure. Pulmonary performance was evaluated by challenging each animal with a mixture containing 10% COj, 20% Oj, and 70% N3. In control animals, this mixture induced an increase in both tidal volume and respiratory frequency. This hyperventilalory response was greatly depressed during the first 3 days following exposure and gradually returned to normal during the following weeks with the exception of the highest exposure group which still showed a diminished response 57 days after exposure. The \ pulmonary toxicity induced by thermal decomposition products of PVC-A is probably related ] io the very large amount of HO released during thermal decomposition. The COj response test, < a nonintrusive and noninvasive method to evaluate pulmonary performance in guinea pigs, is I easily performed and appears to be a very promising type of pulmonary function test for toxi' cological evaluations. In the last three decades there has been wide spread use of plastics for building construction as well as for furnishings. The hazards ofther mal decomposition products ofplastics in fire were recognized since the fifties and sixties (Coleman and Thomas, 1954; Zapp, 1957, 1962; MacFarland and Leong, 1962) and also extensive!;- discussed recently (Bowes, 1974; Einhorn. 1975; Dyer and Esch, 1976; Alarie and Anderson, 1981). The toxicological stud ies performed so far have been mainly oriented toward the acute lethal effects of the smoke from synthetic polymers. An extensive report has been prepared giving a summary of the methods used by different investigators in many countries (Kaplan el al.. 198.3). 1 To whom correspondence should he addressed. Among the plastics, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most commonly used for a wide variety of applications (Cullis and Hirschler, 1981). Toxicological evaluations of PVC ther mal decomposition products were undertaken many years ago (Zapp, 1957, 1962; Cornish and Abar, 1969). Recent evidence points to the importance of HC1, which is generated in major quantities, from thermal degradation of PVC (Tsuchiya and Sumi, 1967; Boettner el al., 1969; Paciorek el al., 1974; Smith, 1974). HCI released from thermal decom position of PVC was shown to be primarily responsible for producing extensive damage to the upper respiratory tract (Lucia el a!., 1977). severe sensory irritation (Barrow el al.. 1976). pulmonary infarcts and edema, and massive pulmonary hemorrhage (Boudenc ei 0<I4 l.(i()>\ 1`ti.v,. In, 23h al., 1977). More reca mechanical effects wd exposed to thermal i of PVC (Jaeger el A acute adverse effects* position products v< little is known of th^ other than a study int toms such as coughirj were reported in M months after a lire if 1981). The present i determine the integri tem of guinea pigs d after an exposure toj products of PVC. Th pulmonary perform^ ventilatory response | adapted for guinea d (1982). The rational sponse test is that ini to produce hyperven^ subjects but not in fl or obstructive lung I itively large increas^ these patients try toi 1954; Eldridge and I 1965). ME Animals English, smooth-haired to 375 g from Hilltop Ld were used. Except during) Guinea Pig Chow and uq Chemical.': The polyvinyl chlorid* furnished by the Nation-* position, by weight, was1 33.0*. phthalate plasticiJ lead stabilizer, and 0.5'* | test, animals were challel COj. 20% Oj. and 70% 9 Division. Scarlc Medical I VMD 723327