Document DDDboXdVnN3bb76ME6MwE0g0d

This advertisement appeared in THE SATURDAY EVENING POST, March 29th issue. DU PONT ANNOUNCES AN ENTIRELY NEW TYPE OF FINISH GREATEST ADVANCE IN FINISH ING ART IN QUARTER-CENTURY Duco Finish Gives to Wood or Metal a Rich, Satin-like Surface Whose Soft Lustre Actually Improves With Age Duco is adaptable to almost any product requiring a lasting finish in color. It is already being success fully used in the following industries: Automobile Bodies Novelties Truck Bodies Toys Automobile Accessories Electrical Parts Wood Furniture Umbrella and Cane Handles Metal Furniture Radio Boxes and Radio Parts Office Equipment Gasoline and Oil Pumps Pens, Pencils, etc. Bath Fixtures and Accessories Washing Machines Medicine Cabinets, etc. Lamps Toilet Seats Handles for Tools, Typewriters Brooms, Brushes, etc. Vacuum Cleaners VISC0L/1C The transparent finish, without color, for use on furniture and other wooden articles where a nat ural finish of superior durability is desired. Chemists have long sought the The finish on an automobile, for secret of a finish which would com example, is subjected to action of bine two essentially different proper sun, rain, snow, ice, mud, alkali dust, ties--beauty and `permanence. After grease, boiling and freezing tempera years of research, thousands of ex tures and sudden changes. Yet test periments, and exhaustive service cars finished with Duco over a year tests, du Pont Chemical Engineers ago are today actually in better condi now announce the perfection of just tion than when the finish wis ay tied. such a finish--and its adaptation to Duco is today giving equally success quantity production and quantity ap ful results in 20 other industries. plication. This new finish is known as Duco. RICH TONES THAT LAST! Duco can best be described by liken Organically, Duco represents an ing it to the finishes which gave to entirely new type of material. It is ancient Chinese lacquerware and compounded on a pyroxylin base, em costly Oriental pottery the soft, rich ploying a distinctly new principle. It tones which have come down un is supplied both in a basic black and marred through the ages. The effects a wide variety of beautiful fast colors, which the ancient artisans required suitable for finishing practically all months to produce on a few rare ob types of wood and metal surfaces. jects are now being duplicated in a Neither the black nor the colored few days' time on thousands of arti enamel finish requires baking. Duco cles in commercial use with Duco. retains its original colors indefinitely. Duco is easily applied by dipping AMAZINGLY DURABLE! or spraying, but cannot be applied Applied to almost every material, from wood to steel, Duco defies the usual deteriorating elements. Its soft lustre actually improves with age. It retains its original color tones and values, and even bumps and scratches, which would disfigure other finishes, do not seriously affect it. Duco is, in brief, of such extraor dinary denseness, hardness and adhe by brush ing. It dries almost immedi ately after application, thus materi ally reducing finishing time and costs. Manufacturers of all products which require a colored finish of enduring beauty are invited to investigate Duco. Our Technical Laboratories are at their disposal. Our representa tives are available for a limited num ber of demonstrations. siveness, that it forms a surface on E. I.du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. the material it covers, which sets an Chemical Products Division entirely new standard of durability. Parlin, N. J. i MAGAZINE Vol. XVIII \PIUI, \'n. i Business Conditions Show Little Change This condensed report of the first month's activity tends to con firm the forecast made last mouth for good business in 2924 ilE volume of trade in January Be J\ LESLIE IfAYF01D .....s..i.n...c..e.....l.a..s...t...A...u..g...u..s...t........U....n...f.i.l.l.e...d... orders of Twas apparently not greatly dif ferent from tlial in December. Kc'nornie rteilisli:*ian Gf-m-ral MaW* CorpniAf hm the U. S. Steel Corporation increased for the second consecutive month, While it was to be exacted that retail business would and although the December increase was only slight, decrease somewhat, January sales of the two leading that in January was considerable. Somewhat greater mail order houses declined slight ly less than 15 per cent freedom in placing orders for steel was said to have compared "with a decline of slightly more than 15 been in evidence hi January. Railroad, railroad equip per cent in January of last year. ment, and automobile buying of steel was reported Freight ear loadings continued lit a high level. Car loadings during the first half of January were somewhat below l he corresponding period of hist year, bnl I hose for the Inst half of the month exceeded any previous records for the season. better, and the demand from farm implement manu facturers was greater than for many mouths. Automobile production increased about 4 per cent, the January output being 316,000 passenger cars and trucks. Thus for eleven consecutive months more Commodity markets 'were in general firm, somewhat than 300.000 vehicles have been manufactured, <\mifreer forward buying was in evidence in some lines, paiison with January of last year indicates at what a particularly iron and steel, imd business sentiment high level this indn.st ry is operating. Production in Jan seemed more optimistic. uary, 1923, amounted to 243,500 cars and trucks, a Industrial Activity Industrial employment- increased a little more than 1 per cent in January, according to the Federal Employ incut Service. PmduHion of automobiles, iron and steel, ami zinc was larger than in December. The building industry was also more active. Mill consumption of silk and cotton increased. On Urn other hand, the number of active cotton spindles declined, cement: production fell off and slocks increased, and locomotive shipments and record figure for the month at Unit lime; yet that of January, 1921, was 30 pew cent larger. The industry's output for fhe twelve months ended January 31, 1924, amounted to 4,085,000 cars and trucks, or 72,000 more than Lhr best previous Iwelye-nionthU total. The mi hi open winter, thus far, has greatly facilitated building operations. Figures of new building contem plated, permits issued, and contracts awarded point quite conclusively to the eon t hi nance of a large volume of construe* iou during at least the first half of this year. unfilled orders were smaller than in December, In the iron and steed markets increased buying appeared in January and stimulated production and prices. It was the first month since' last June in which the daily rate of pig iron product ion failed to decline. Fhe January increase in steel ingot production was particularly marked: lhe month s output was the largest CominudUx Prices The average of wholesale prices changed very little in January, BradsLreeUs index declined 0,0 per cent; Dun's and Fisher's indexes each advanced 0.0 per cent, while the index of the U. R. Bureau of Labor Statistics re a mined i n iel j n nged. THE DU PONT MAGAZINE So far as any general tendency was apparent in com modity markets it. was rather in the direction of firmness than of weakness. Probably no marked change in the general price level will be seen in thenext month or two, although there will likely be inereasing firmness in commodity markets and at least a moderate advance in average price's during the nexl six months. Banking anti Credit There was no change in the quoted rates for commer cial paper (luring January, although usually a slight decline takes place in this month. This lias no signifit-since, however, because of the easing of rates in pre ceding mouths. The banking figures showed, as is usual at this season, a decrease in Federal Reserve notes in circulation and in the bill holdings of the Federal Reserve Banks. The reserve ratio of these banks rose from 73.8 per cent on January 2 to 81.3 per cent on January 30. Bill holdings, including paper rediscounted and pa pm- bought in the open market were reduced $351,00(1000. Evidence that old loans continued to he paid off more rapidly than new loans were contracted is found in the decline during January of 8183,000,000 in the total loans and discounts of the member banks of the Reserve System. Their rediscounts with the Federal Reserve Ranks also declined during the month. The Outlook No significant change in business conditions occurred during January--nor lias any occurred thus far in February--to alter flic forecast published in the March number which, in brief, was as follows: Although it. is expected that 1024 will be a year of good business, it is not believed that it will he a boom year. During the next mouth or two, al least, the volume of trade and of industrial output and tin1 general level of commodity prices arid of wages will probably continue about as they are. As the year progresses, however, and (xuili- denoe becomes more fully- restored, a. moderate expan sion of activity is likely lo occur. Of course, conditions may arise which will materially change the outlook. It appears probable that such a change, if it should occur, would be in the direction of a more rapid expansion and an earlier culmination of llie period of good business than are at present indicated, rather than in lhe oppo site direction. Although there is at present no sign that we are approaching a period of inflation, the unusually large potential credit supply would make such a period possible. (Prom the report o[ February 26, 1921) For Better Putting Greens--Semesan MITH ERR, golf bully of the Wardmore Country "Never before," lie declared, "had he missed so easy a, S Club and putter extraordinary, believed that a putt. That blankety-blank grass patch would not have good game was founded on putting ability. His drivingappeared on any well-kept, green," and so on. was fair, his approaches average, but on the greens he The trouble complained of was the result of "Brown was invincible. He said so himself. Patch," a pancsilie fungus that attacks grass, and prop Now all golfers have their good (lays and their off agates from season lo season hyr means of minute days. On the sultry July- afternoon Smithers played bodies called "selerolia". It is usually first noticed in Hied" Warner, the latter was going the early morning, during humid strong. Rut Smithcrs' drives were continually getting him into trouble. Only by superior pul ling did lie manage to keep the match "all square'* at the eighteenth tec. Both men matched strokes down the fair weather, when circular areas on the green show a slightly grayish color, turning brown under the noonday, sun. This results in unsightly spots that tax-ome rough and bumpy through continued use of the greens, way" and Siidihers made a prel iy approach, his ball lying only four feci from I lie pin. IVarner's ball i Golfers cannot pull over them with : any degree of accuracy. ; The du Pont Company has spent came to rest lifted) feet beyond it, -Will you concede I he hole?" asked Smit hens, smiling. `When you win it," Warner grimly- replied, "`.Red'' was plainly nervous. Nevertheless his well- aimed putt sent, the hall straight across into the cup. months .studying this disease, to gether witli oilier plant, diseases that seriously affect crop arid plant growth, and 1ms now developed a new type of seed and plant disinfectant called Semesan. From all laboratory and field i<xds so far made this Smit hers was "stymied" by a rough patch of dead product seems efl'eetnally lo control Brown Patch, grass. Both men had noticed similar defects on other greens that day-, but as unit lid* had been t roubled before, Smit hers made his stroke with usual eoitlidenee. The ball rolled I me until the rough, dead grass deflected its course, He 1 md missed! Then the fireworks started. Loudly, violently, pro fanely Rm it hers condemned the Greens Committee. Several prominent golf chibs have used it successfully. Other chilis are now being offered this product for trial on their courses. If the resulls attained are indicative of what can be expected in the. ful ure, then Brown Patch on golf givens will cease to be troublesome, and Smithers and golfers generally will fee] grateful to the du Pont Company for developing Seme.sim. 9 T11 K D IJ P O N T At A G A Z1X B Under the "Richest Hill on Earth" llsiw the Anaconda Copper Mining Company is conducting operations in the Butle district of Montana ODERN industry is insepara By J. C. JlOltGAN tion works, some going to far-off M bly linked with copper, the oldest known metal of com Salt s tt< pivss.'riCUJve II. J. <Va i'om d<: N^mmirs & Co., Inc. Swansea, Wales, In 1879 lhe first successful eopper merce, The ancients used it as early as 5500 Rs.m(eAl,ter was located in Butle, and from lliat year tlie which was long before the Bronze A go. And all thrdoeuvgehlopment of eopper mining in l In* district was rapid. the centuries tl has been a must useful metal. To our The development of large bodies of copper ore led to present civilization in the age of electricity it has become the format ion of large operating companies such as the absolutely indispensable--a product of almost uni Parrot Alining Company, the France Mining Company, versal use. the Colorado Mining and Smelt iug Company, the Butte As flipper mining is a major industry it may be of in & Boston Mining Company, the Boston Montana terest Lo know the story of copper as if is produced in Alining Company, the Montana Ore JAirclmsing and Billie, Montana, the greatest copper-producing center Alining ('ompnny, the Anaconda Alining Company, and in the world andiiead- many others. quarlers of the Ana As the combining of conda Copper Alining various interests un Company, one of the der one management largest operators in I he is am economy, it was world. entirely logical that The discovery of these various mining me tul s in the Ihi It e interests should be dint riel dales buck to brought together into 1SG- f w hen a fewplaeer- one large operating msuing prospectors discovered gold in the unit; hence the final formation, on July 1, gravel of Silvcrbow 1910, of the Anaconda ( 'reek, a short distance Copper Mining Com from vlial is now known as llie '`richest hill on enrlh'A Prom Looking toward the ^ricked hill on earth" at Butte. Montana, anti the Mountain View. High Ore. Anaeonda, and Never Svieat mine* of fhe Anaconda Capper Mining Company pany. This company today has about thir ty operating shafts in placer gold it was but thelfut tedistricEeavh natural I hat these miners should turn their thoughts lo capable of a large production. These shafts are all the more permanenl mining of lode deposits, especially vertical, and vary in size, the standard living rec ns their gold was heavily alloyed with silver. The out tangular in shape, 20 ft. long by 7 ft. wide (outside crops of mineral-bearing veins were traceable over the dimensions). They are divided into two hoisting com hills adjacent to Silvcrbow Creek, and it was but n partments: one through which all supplies are handled, short time until the location of quart/, claims started, and the other in which are located the manway, water- fhe first location in flic Butte district being on July Eh column, electric cables, air lines. He.. 18t)-E Mining operations as carried on by the Anaconda. Originally, the quartz locations in I he Butte dial riel Company can roughly he divided into two purls.... were made for the value of the silver in the veins. Little development and mining. The funner consists of open did the old-time prospectors dream that, in their day ing levels at. one and two hundred foot intervals, these silver locations would produce a large part of the* depending upon ground conditions and width of the World's supply of cupper. veins, then crosscutting to the veins or ore bodies. From lS7o until Uu* sudden drop in the price of silver When these are struck they are drifted on both ways in 1802, silver mining occupied the attention of I be and crosscut at intervals to the walls, live-hy-seven- people of Butte. However, during that period it was hml drift and crosscut headings are earned. These are discovered lhal with depth, the silver ore in the veins generally (hilled with the toe or dim ri-c-.ul round of had been replaced by eopper ores of great value. This from nine to fourteen holes, depending upon the resulted in spirited activity, which was handicapped by ground. the fact that there were no copper-treating plants any 'riierriosLiniportaiilore-miningnietluxkaret.liesqum'e- where in the WesI. The original copper ore of the sel. and the riJksfope systems. Tim square-set system RutLe district was hauled by wagon lo Coniine, limb-- needs no expinnaf Ion; it is the convent ional system in a distance of 400 miles--I lien shipped lo eastern reduc vogue in all (he metal-mining centers of the country. o TITE 1)1; PONT MAGAZINE Rili-stope ore is blocked out by two raises twenty- five sets apart, and the ore chute, which is rut. nboui half-way between l.ite raises (Fig. 2). The sill floor is taken out- and limbered us in any si|iia re-set. slope. The rill is started by drilling the first cut six sets towards the ore chute. The ore from this cut is shot down on the stop- boards on top of the sill sets (Fig, 1 See, A--A). Front here it is drawn down so as to leave sufficient room for the drilling of the next cut. The second cut or slice is taken by.again start ing at the raise and drilling four sets to wards the ore chute. Hnr //fin sre a 'pmvdrr h u m on ike job -hi om` of the mitax ' of the A, i\ M. Co. The third cut or slice is the same except that it' is drilled only two sets towards the chute. This leaves j l - worked-oid space triangular iu shape with j j base of six sets and u height of four sets. The broken ore is loaded out through I lie stop-boards. After blllkheadmg the rai.se ami opening the side oJ the chute on the fourth floor of the raise, the slope is filled with waste from ihis opening. Tin* filling con tinues to within five feet of ilie back, forming a slope of about thirty-seven degrees. The method of taking the cut is now changed. The holes are drilled along the face and pointed so they wilt break towards the ore chute. Seven feet is the standard depth of rill-slope holes. To separate the ore and waste, mid also to provide a slide so the ore will slip down smoothly to the mucker, a floor of two-inch lagging is laid on lop of tin* waste. After shooting, the back and sides an* barred down ami where necessary, shilled (Fig. 1. Bee. A.--A). The ore Is cleaned out, I he floor laid, and the eul again filled with waste until within five feet of the back. To complete the first development of lire slope these operations are carried on until the lower end of the rill reaches the ore chute, after which all ore goes to the chute. These operations are carried ou from the other raise also, so that there are two rill slopes between the two raises. Raises and ore chutes In rill slopes consist of two chutes and a manway, so that ore can be steadily pro duced by mining one of the rills while the other is being filled (Fig. 2). As it is no longer necessary to draw the ore through t he stop-hoards it Is loaded from the chute mouth on the sill. Waste is then filled into the slope. and t.wo-hieh lagging nailed to the posts to keep it from breaking the lining of the chute. Ille miner then drills the slope from ore* elude to raise, the waste Is leveled, I iu* tvo-ineh floor laid or the waste, and then the slope is ready to blast. The holes are usually blasted iu -sections, and always front lhe bottom up. Should 1 Ik * on* need sorting, it is rim onto a grizzly with four-inch spacing between the bars. Should no sorting be needed, the openings are larger. To sort, the waste* is picked out. and thrown into the adjacent chute, and the ore put through the grizzly. After all the* ore is drawn, the two-inch floor Js taken up, the posts lagged on the slope side, and the stupe is again ready for wastelilting. To keep the ore chute the same height as the lower end of the rill, the ground over the chute is taken out, and the space* timbered with s< pi a re-.se Is, Sometimes the walk of the slope will not permit keeping five feet open hel ween waste and back. In ibis ease the stupe is filled to within two feet of the baek. The two inch floor is laid and the miner drills as in the five-foot spacing. The* miner advances the face unlil the raise is reached, drawing off just enough ore to make working room. After the raise is reached, the remaining ore is drawn off, (he floor removed, and the stope is again ready for waist e-filling. As the rill slope reaches the level above, the remain ing ore is taken out by several methods. One way Is to carry the slope in the usual manner, mid as ii reaches the upper level, brace and shill the timbers to prevent their falling into I lie slope; then waste-fill the slope as It advances under I lie sill. Btope drilling is carried on either wholly with stoper drills or with stoper and Leyner drills. The stoper holes are drilled from the set holmv, vertically or at angles to the vertical face of the hack. The Joyner holes art* 4 THE DU PONT .MAGAZINE drilled vertically and flat, The umml number of holes per set is iron) five to seven. Thirty three per cent du I^tid: lied Cross Extra i.s used in the slopes; 40 per cent Repauno Special Gelatin in drifts, crosscuts ami raises; and 40 or 00 per cent Repauno Special Gelatin in shaft-sinking. The fuse nixi cap method k used for detonating the charges, except in shafts where du Pont Electric Ignit ers are vary successfully lined. Judeed, in some eases fin* electric method is used in drift and eros.seut shooting, and always with very sat kindnry results. The day has eonie when the Anaconda Copper CiutiP^ay is really carrying on deep mining in the Bulk dislriel, for some of its shafts reach into the earth ovei 3000 feet. Willi lids depth attained, the problem of getting fresh air into the bottom workings lias been given serious consideration and study, and the company has left no stone unturned io supply every one of its underground workers with more fresh air than is con sidered neoe.ssa ry. The system of vealilation trail really be eidlcd arti ficial, as the air is picked up on the surfaee by large fans which push it Into the mine through the down-east shafts, or draw it out by suction through the up-east shafts. Thus the shafts are used as the main air condui Is. One of the greatest difficulties lo be dealt with was the resistance offered the down-east and up-east air try the open timbering of the shafts. After much study a clever method of overcoming 11ns resistance was developed by Mr. A. S. Richardson, the efficient. ventilation engineer of tlie company. This consisted of lining Ihc openlimbering of the shafts with cement slabs. This shaft lining 1ms doubled the air-carrying capacity and lias lessened the fire hazard, as the shaft limbers themselves atv cement-covered. Air can he handled in a mine by utilizing its natural channels of Item through down-east and up-cast work ings and connected drifts and crosscut*. Jiuwever, for ventilating dead-end drift*, crosscuts and raises, it becomes necessary io conduct the air lu the headings by wholly artificial methods. These consist of a blower placed at the nearest sourer of fresh air, and piping lo transmit the air to the dcnd-cud headings, lb) Pont Yentube, a flexible lulling recently developed, exactly fills a long-fell w ant in this field. The im.gnihjde of the Butte operations of the A. ( \ M. Co. can be seen when it is realized that. I ho normal production i.s about- 15,000 tons per day of 24 hours. To meal the increasing costs, the eornpnny has found it necessary lo save all the possible values. The old saying. "Save everything but the squeal," is liter ally true with this concern. Due to the efficiency of its research corps, it is now able to make eomnieivially profitable the hitherto so-called by-products of Butte ores, such as antimony, arsenic, and lead. Butfe ores of the company go to the Washoe HinelU-r at Anaconda, Montana, t he largest smelter in the world. Here the ore is concentrated by jigs, tables and flota tion; the concentrates, smelted, and the copper, fur nace-refined. This product contains not only gold and silver, but many other impurihv.s which have to be practically removed before llie copper is ready for the market. To accomplish all tliis, the product of (he {( ontinmd on puijc H>) 5 THE DU PONT MAGAZINE Thru` of the w m; popular moiltds of the Oakland IJh>\ Dtteo h the finishing material ami on fill models 1924 Oaklands Finished in Duco Here's sonic more information about the finish that is adding to the well-deserved popularity of a truly fine ear 4 MON/S the hundreds of nulo- tly F. if. 1CAN E stuntial and businesslike, yet altogether f\ mobiles displayed at the national f~w automobile shows this year in 'lVchnicai Knjrimw Oakliiml Motor Car Co. pleasing m appearance. Among the mechanical features are the six-cylinder New York and Chicago, one of the most interesting lines "1C head engine with a special combustion chamber in was the "True HI lie Oakland,'' manufactured by the the cylinder head designed to produce a thorough mix Oakland Motor Car Company, Pontiac, Michigan, ture of gasoline and air, resulting in increased power. These cars embody the latest ami most approved engi Four-wheel brakes are standard on all Oakland neering principles, including also many features not to models. A unique centralized control and all the instru be found on other cars, regardless of price. First among ments under glass on the instrument hoard are impor these improvements is the new du Font automobile tant innovations. The centralized control includes finish, Duco, which is now standard on the entire Oak choker, throttle and horn buttons, lighting and ignition land line. switches. These are all mounted on an aluminum hous The 1924 Oakland line includes seven models. The ing in the center of the steering wheel. Incorporated bodies, hnili by the Fisher Body Corporation, arc sub in the lighting switch is a device which permits the Right - Rrfore apply ing the priming mala or Dura the car body moat be dean. This shown you the uidal '`dean up Tide sho-i e. < /<( of Ha huge dry ing cif/r.v n.std lo `niki' on the ptiUnng r-.u'.hf, } t'it n dl te>te that .d is irnft eirmtji) fn ur\`i it.-/ nitnjtftr` ffiree ear hudf's aim h igit <rv.ii/h fur a \ ud-i/rnii ii tintn iu .<f:n;d uictit i' the IgnHi '/ dh'xd aiuoparj Belotc--Glazing the rat hotly after the priming coah have been applied 6 THE DU FONT MAGAZINE driver to dim tin- headlights without removing his hand from the wheel. Five disc wheels, demountable ;il flie huh, are part of the standard equipment. A per manent top is a feature of the open ear. A set of glass enclosures is available a! a slight extra cost. The closed bodies as well an standard touring ear and roadster arc finished in dark blue Dueo with red striping, while sport models are painted in light blue Dueo with orange stripe and trimmed in Spanish leather. These color combinations in the satiny Dueo finish are more than attractive they present the appeara nee of a custom-made job. At the beginning of production last fall the Oakland Motor Car Company staged a nation-wide demonstra tion of the stamina, the dependability and the general performance of the brand new Oakland Six under all conceivable operating conditions. On September 8, six "True Blue Travelers" left Pontiac for different destinations, each with a definite schedule. Car N't). I was bound for Sail Francises), Car No. 2 for Los Angeles, No. 3 for Dallas and El Paso, and so tm. Not. only the time for completing the trips was specified, but the time of arrival at each point on the route was designated, so that every car operated with Hie regularity of a fine passenger train. Stopping at all Oakland dealer establishments along Hie way, public demonstrations were given, usually under the auspices of the police and fire* departments and other public officials. Fire departments by the score collaborated in demonstrating the Oakland four- wheel brakes by Hooding the pavements while the True Blue Traveler brakes were applied at high speed and on curves. Not a single criticism of these brake's was reached hi any itislauee anil scores of letters were revived from mayors, chiefs of police and tire depart ment chiefs, congraliilaliug (he Oakland Mol or Car Company on the simplicity arid perfect, operation of these brakes, as well as the increased safety a Horded by the centralized driving coulrols. Newspjqxw men, too, showed great interest in the success of these rigorous tests, and the story of Oakland prowess was quickly spread with the progress of the Travelers. 'fhe extreme road and weather conditions encoun tered by these cars also demonstrated most ^inclusively the wonderful durability of the new Dueo finish. Par ticularly on the western trips, it was found that gumbo mud clinging to the body for several days had no effect whatever on the finish, whereas it is well known that such treatment would quickly destroy the lustre of ordinary body finishes. These ears, after being covered with mud, were easily cleaned witli a dry cloth, without marring or scratching the finish. The new finish has been the center of attraction at the automobile shows, mid it is freely prophesied that it is the only satisfactory body finish of the future. This is because it is an air-drying pyroxylin enamel whie] i is impervious to the action of mud, water, alkalis or changes in temperature, and in addition presents a soft, satin-like appearance which evokes admire t ion wherever Oakland ears are displayed. The gumbo mud of Town, iligfd--The sanding vperatw a. As ike oar bodies pass along on the conveyor the workmen pmfar m their task. Back man works on an assigned portion of every ear hadyr that passes by Mm, and at the end of ike line a smooth* even finish is obtained as the founda........... Hon for' the "Dueo........... Below A pptyhoj a coal ; of Dueo in. one of the .rpray-hooihs of the Oak land fadory. Noir the hose line {left) and the air-yiM- in tin1 operator s hand. Note also ike wheel truck sajrporling the ear body and the turn-table platform on -irhwh it /s uhoied TUB 1> U FONT MAGAZINE Ihe sail air of I he A flan tie seaboard, the simd of the desert or the alkali dust- of Texas cannot. harm Dueo. The Oakland Motor Car Company lias been experi menting with ihis finish for more than fun year* ami has found that body panels eoateil with Dueo could he imi.de to look like new by polishing with a soft cloth after being exposed to all kinds of weather for thatperiod, This unusual durability under such conditions of cx|;x>sure is of particular value to the man who must leave his ear in the open for long periods, Dueo can best be described ns won!herproof--sun, snow, rain and hail do not affect it. This gives some conception oi the advantages of the Dueo finish from the standpoint, of the owner. This new finish, to put it- briefly, stays "better looking longer." The manufacturer, on the other hand, finds many advantages in the saving of time mid space formerly re* pored to finish automobile bodies. Hi is economy, and others, have been passed on to the auto mobile buyer--as e;in readily be seen in the remarkable Oakland prices. An idea of what Ducu means to the manufacturer is shown from Ihe fact that Oakland now has a capacity ft >r ht hshing three hundred bodies in the same space formerly designed to handle one hundred and seventyfive cars. The time for finishing a body under the old method was approximately ten days, while only eight hours are needed to completely finish the body in Dueo. This new process, in addition to reducing the number of painting operations by one-third, makes mi enormous saving of space possible. Where it was formerly neces sary to provide storage space for 2,500 bodies for pro duction of 300 cars per day, i! is now necessary to have only approximately 000 bodies in process, maintaining the same rale ol production. Knowing that: "the public be pleased" is the only sane attitude for the modern business man to adopt, the Oakland Company asked its principal distributors to report the alidade of their trade towards Unco. The result was n huge surprise. From sixty-nine key cities, ranging in Incal inn fmm Florida to California, from Maine to Texas, came the most enthusiastic answers. Circumstances were cited where Dueo had withstood the most trying conditions. Praise for the beauty of this new linish was repented. Every distributor looked upon Dueo linish as n great boon to the automobile buyer. Miltford Liners Used in Stetson Shoes a mp pavements, wet streets--I lie idtemmfli of Massachusetts, has incorporated the Mil third Liner in D April showers--make walking unpleasant, unless several styles of shoes now on the market, and through overshoes are worn, and who likes to wear them? TheIyhe courtesy of the company we are permitted to show arc heavy, unsightly, and a general nuisance; yet here you here just how the Miltford Liner is used in a. Stetson tofore they have afforded a necessary protection. But shoe. The thin, white line magnified is Pyralin. foresigh tod manufacturers have now come to our rescue Many people believe that waterproof shoes are neces with waterproof shoes, and we may discard our over sarily heavy and cumbersome, but that is not true of shoes without, a regret. shoes made with Miltford Liners. Both rucids and In the July, 1923, number of the Du Pont Magazine women's light-weight dress slices are made with the in the Miltford Liner for shoe soles was described. 11 in a built patented liner which does not detract in any way fmm the appearance of the shoes, but serves very effectively to keep any water underfoot from penetrat ing through ihe sole. Cement vs. Silk product made by the H, N. Cook Belting Company of Sun Francisco, California. This liner consists of a sheet of du Font Pyralin annealed between two very thin pieces of leather. Because J*yralin is waterproof, flexible and durable, it is especially adapted as a lining material. The Stetson Shoe Company of South Weymouth, 4 WRITER using the pen-name "Bneklash" in the JTj L February number of Outer's Recreation strongly recommends Du Pont Household Cement as follows: "Always haven tube of T)u Font's Household Cement around. Use it whenever something needs repairing-- rods, windings, lures of all kinds. You can build a fly or feather minnow without one bit of silk winding. Just cement it together with Du Foul *s ami old man boss can chew on it to Ins heart's content, yet it will come up smiling, I have feather minnows that were the pro ducers of lots of bass all last season that were made this way, and one coat of Du Font's, applied quickly with a small brush, has put them in commission for this year. It will keep a ferrule just- better than anything f know of." 8 t h e i > i: r o x t m a g a z i x e How Long Since You Gave Your Plant the "Once-Over"? ''Keep yourself in health. Let a physician examine yon at least once a year." That'* an excellent idea, and here's another one: keep your plant property in good condition. Examine it thoroughly at least once a year 1/RING the past few yeans life By ft, 0. SIFKKLEH guishers, waste cans, tanks of all kinds, insurance companies have boon hand and motor trucks, boiler fronts trying to "sell" the American public on the and connections, engines, turbines, pumps, etc. value of an animal examination by the family physician. Then carefully look over the exterior of I he plant, This plan insures the detection of any unrecognized noting particularly the roofs, siding, gutters and lead physical defect that might exist and permits steps to he ers, window frames and sash., tanks and their sup taken to prevent its growth and its menace to life. ports, fences and gates, doors, bridges and passageways, If such a plan is good for the human body, why should fire-plugs, tire-houses, hose-eamages, alarm-boxes, etc.; not an annual inspection of your plant and its equip lire escapes and ladders, band rails and steps, pipe ment he no equally good thing? Rust and decay are lines, covered and bare, stacks ami chimney connec insidious enemies to the welfare of all physical property. tions, steam or electric cranes, ventilators, I nicks, con Day and night, the endless attacks of storms, moisture, crete surfaces, exterior woodwork of all kinds. gases, heat and cold are making themselves felt on all surfaces with which (hey come in eoitiacL Since "eonstanL dripping wears away the hardest stoned' so 1 he unremitting play of these forces will eventually ties!my 1 hose surfaces, unless-- And here is where Paint and Varnish enter the picture. Before one buys paint and varnish, lie should know the surfaces that should he painted, the kind of finishes required, the proper color to use, etc. The best method to determine those facts is to take a pad and pencil and go over the plant and equipment from top to bot tom, inside and outside, noting the condition of all surfaces. Begin with the inferior, including As ihe.se surfaces are investigated, make note first of the present condition of the paint, if any. Where the paint lias "worn uul," ptvled, or shown other evidences of deterioration, see that if is replaced with a new coat. Note any unusual conditions, such as extremes of mois ture, acid or gaseous fumes, heat, under which the paint is expected to serve. The selection of ibe right paint for the purpose is of supreme importance. Where any doubt exists as to what to use on any given surface, take the question up wilh the Maintenance and Ip-Keep Sides Division, 3n00 Gray's Ferry Road, Philadelphia. We shall be glad to analyze your problems and prescribe the proper Walls, ceilings, floors, doors, girders, beams, pillars, treatment for each surface. This service is yours with elevator gates and shafts, racks and bins, machinery, out obligation. electric conduits and switch boxes, sprinkler and piping "Saving the surface5' of your plant and equipment is systems, fire doors* lire buckets, sand pails, lire cxtin- a sound investment. Don't put it off! Put it on! 9 THE DU FONT MAGAZINE Beautifully colored monograms are these* out our ilimi-rmmi can aniff g-ive you a suggestion- of tU-it isham* The Vogue of the Ages Monogram.--, of nourse. The laics! development is ihc Pyralin monogram pi ate. ^ on. buy a pair to match your car--and put them on yourself OME thousands of years ago there was a hairy uniforms. Aviators painted ei nhhnns on the fuselage of S cave man who was a better hinder than any of I heir planes. liven General Pershing's military ear his fellows. And like all egotists lie sought ior was adorned with four stars, emblematic of his rank. some means of self-expression. Near I he entrance to It has long been a popular eoneeit among motorists his cave stood a huge block of stone. Looking at it ontoe have monograms painted on their ears, but nowadays day, a great idea flashed through his mind, and soon Hie class A automobile needs a truly superline mono after lie was found chipping a curious mark on ils gram to give it the proper note of distinction. That is smooth surface. Later ho called his neighbors about why Pyralin comes to the lore in a new use--for mono him and, pointing hi the finished work, said: "Lo-- gram plates. These are beveled medallions in various this is the sign of Ig> the great hunter!" color combinations upon which the skillful artist etches This may have been the origin of the monogram. But. the design in permanent, non-fading enamel colors. this we know---the vogue for monograms, insignia and Sometimes the predominating initial is "radiiiniized" to heraldry has persisted all through history. Witness make if visible at nigh 1. (he coins and shields of ancient Greece and Rome, Pyralin is an ideal material for monograms, because the monognujjined war chariots of Jtonimi noblemen, it does not chip, crack, rust or tarnish. Plates made of the heraldic emblems of kings and knights during the it (ran easily be shaped to eonlorin to any rounded Middle Ages, the monograimned state couches of the mid-Victorian period, and the automobiles of today. Emblematic signs were much in evidence during the World War. Each military division was known by ils insignia. Designs of bison heads, rainbows, Indian heads and the like were sewed in colors oil soldiers surface by a simple heat treatment; and they are rittiiehed to ears, Uaml luggage and brief cases with a special waterproof cernenl made for the purpose. The designs shown hem are products of the Lloyd industrial Studio, 143 West lOath Si reel.. New York (diy, to whom inquiries should he .sent for particulars. 10 How Qualities of du Pont Coated Fabrics are Determined Fart II Personal element must lie elinimaied to secure reliable results? in anchorage test. Exposing samples to elements simulates accel erated service. Tensile ami tearing strength measured by use of standarif machine. Weight of coating learned by use of solvents. By ERNEST B, BENGER and X. M. \1CK0WITZ Respectively, Chemical Superifttendent, FaLrikoid Diviaiou, uml Chief (hemwi., Fnirheld Plant, H. I, du Pont <Je Xeitiours Sc Co., inr. A DIIKB10X of a pyroxylin or rubber film to the / % fabric base is commonly spoken of as the anchorJL JLaK^` of the material. This projierty is important, and a satisfactory test for iL is highly desirable. In the past the anchorage of a film to the fabric was judged by determining by hand how easily the film could be loosened and stripped from the fabric. Strength of the iihn has an important influence on the anchorage of I he film when tested by hand. Thus, with two pieces with equal anchorage, the one having the stronger film will appear to have the lower anchorage because the high tensile strength of the coating permits it to lie torn free from f lie base more easily than m the other case, where the film breaks when pulled. Results of hand tests for anchorage tlejiend entirely on the judgment of the individual making the test and, therefore, introduce the undesirable personal equation just as in the ease of the hand-scrub test. It is very evident, consequently, that a test is desirable which will yield results which are consistent and can be expressed numerically. After some preliminary experiments, suggested by the Bureau of Standards test, of "frietioning" in rubber belting, etc., a procedure was developed and has now been adopted m standard for determining the anchorage of the film. Application of the test to pyroxylin-coated fabrics is as follows: By means of a. spreader knife or spatula, a piece of cotton sheeting measuring approximately 10 x Ui inches is given two thin coats of a pyroxylin "jelly" (100gm. 12 per cent pyroxylin solution in ethyl acetate, to which 12 gm. castor oil have been added). The sheet ing is dried at room temperature af(er each coat and if it. is rough after the second coat of jelly lias dried, it is run through calender rolls until smooth. A third coat of jelly is applied and an S x 11-inch piece of the material, whose anchorage is fo be determined, is immediately placed coated side down on the wet surface. The two pieces are then pressed together firmly by means of a wooden roller, in order to insure uniform adhesion. After making sure of good union between the two materials, the combined material b allowed to dry at room temperature for about two hours. Following this iCirrlnft'Jl frimi "Aiilnmothe rmliiHlrlcV nnpyrlgtxt. I0 *f>, by tljy Vlas* Journal C<. preliminary drying, the sample is dried further at 05 (lot)0 l*ahr.) for sixteen hours, at the end of which time ihreepieces, 2 x8 inches, are cut out in such a manner that the 8-inch dimension is parallel to the wurp threads of the fabric base of the original material. The two fabrics are separated at one end of the strip and pulled apart for a distance of about 2 indies, being careful to have the film of the original material adhere lo I he coated sheeting. This can be done successfully If care is taken to start the separation in the proper man ner. The 2-ineh portions which have been pulled apart ure narrowed down to a width of 1 inch so that they will fit the clamps of the Scott or other make of tensile strength testing machine. They are then pulled apart in the Scot t machine at a speed of 2 indies per minute. It is necessary that 1 lie fabrics separate cJeanly when being pulled apart. If there is a tendency for the fabric to unravel at the side of the test piece, tins must he corrected by cutting the threads, ns the raveling causes an appreciable error in the final result. The results of the tests are reported as pounds necessary to strip a test piece 2 inches wide. This procedure has yielded very satisfactory and con sistent results. The anchorage of a rubber film is determined in essentially Hie same maimer and the same precautions are necessary. The samples are, however, prepared in a -slightly different manner. A piece of drill is given two thin coats of rubber cement (40 per cent smoked sheet, -:1 per ecu I rosin, 6 per emit shellac and 50 f>er cent benzol) and permitted to dry ut mom temperature for approximately five minutes. A third coat of the rubber cement is applied lo the material whose anchorage is to fie determined after the varnish has been partially removed by buffing. After this sample is allowed to dryashorl while, the two pieces are pressed together evenly and firmly hy means of a calender. The material is allowed to "rest" for three hours and the anchorage determined as in the ease of the pyroxylin maSerial. Hfrentjfh of Combiuiiuj Text: In order to obtain accu rate and reliable data mi the strength of combining of double texture material, both before and after heat and {('oidlhmd on nafje. Vt) 11 THE DU POXT MAGAZINE What Equipment Do You Need? DU PONT' MA GAZ/NE Putlhbi'd and rapyriijhirti by K, I, nr POXT DM NEMOras & COMPANY, Inc, Suf/Ecriplifm, oU Ct nt.s (hi year IT H. .MAnf"HSISTER....................................................Kdiibr PubUsbi-n: inuy rep'iut, \Oi!t <`r.sri, sill artifilr-H txtnl il'iisu-atifu"* except t.hn>.f Harrying special rupv/i^hl. X?lreIro:ypit wM. wht*n prtSjiibts, ha furmalitMi on request. \%TJ 1H.LIC the purpose of this publication is primarily ff to help yuu become better acquainted with du Pont products, new uses for them, and the many inter esting ways in which l lies are used by our customers, t he whole idea is one of service and eo-operat ion. Recently some one suggested lliat we might serve in another way--and here's how: Our pLints frequently have available various pieces of machinery and chemical equipment which have been supplanted by other types of machinery as the result of research work by du Pont chemical engineers. This equipment has been discarded not because* if lias outlived its usability, but. rather YiT win a p h il , nm No. + luxtausc dimmed processes have nccessil u ted using ot her types of apparatus for the work. E. L, ....... - .What? Doubtless many readers of tin; Du Pant iMagaziht will be interested in procuring equipment of this kind, K. I. du Pout ci<r Nemours &. Company, Inc.! inasmuch as it. represents items in good working con dition and at a considerable saving over first-cost IT is doubtful if the name of any corporation in I Ills prices. The classifications follow: Autoclaves, Ice country is so difficult for its customers to learn to crushers, dryers, kellies, mills, mixers, pumps, presses, write correct ly it s ibis one. It is a Jong* mono that many tanks ami wringers. We shall be glad to refer your people abbreviate to "the du Pont Company" because inquiries to the proper departments for attention. I bey find ft so difficult to write correctly in full. What equipment do you need? You may be interested to know how this organh.al ion enme to have such a long name. Pierre Samuel dll Pont (1 'T'diV 1817) was a noted French publicist and statesman. Me was a member of I ho States General of France, representing tlie town of Nemours. The rosier of Ibis legislative body Included the mime of another du Font from the town of Bigorre. In order to <list inguish between these men. they were referred lo as du Pont (do Nemours) and du Pont (do Bigorre) respectively, just as United Stales .senators of the same name are distinguished as Johnson of < -nlifornia and Johnson of Minnesota. We know ilia.l Pierre Samuel du Pont was accustomed to sign his writings..-mostly pamphlets--as follows: du Pont (du iYr/nour,s), and this addition lo (lie family name in line became a part of it, dims, his .son, Eleuthere Irdnee du Pont, was called E. I. <hi Pont de XemoiifK. and tin1 name of I ho present organisation, E, L du Pout, de Nlenuuirs & (kmipany, 1 no,,perpet uates his memory. The "Iise." is added to comply wit h the law governing corporate names. A New Director Leonard A. Yerkeshas been elected a member of the Board of Directors of E, 1, du Pout dc Nemours & Company, Inc*., to fill the vacancy caused by the deal.11 of J. A. Haskell. Mr. Yerkes is the president of the Du Pout PShersilk Company ami president of the Du Pont Cellophane Company, both subsidiaries of the du Pont Company. THE DU FONT MAGAZINE Boll Weevil Control To take the evil out of weevil, drain the hind, plant early and rush the cotton to maturity Jjcfore the pest gets on the job HE time to consider boll weevil Bv W. B. ALFORD the growth oi the plants is slowed down Textermination is not next suniincr, but now. before the cotton AKricutlurai IHimimnir:V. ns K. I. ('a Pu s h iii> Uwnours & * Vi. and they are likely to become weak and lousy--good food for the boll weevil. is planted. Ever since the boll weevil first appeared iInii former years, drainage * as no! so necessary, for Texas, cotton growers and all the agencies fostertinhgen only I he higher lauds were cropped. Nov that land agriculture in the eotton belt have been studying and is not so abundant and many of the higher lands have trying out every possible method of combating this been permitted lo lose their Fertility, farmers are plant pest. Through these years we have learned that there ing cot ton in f he low-lying fields. is no one sure method of exterminating the boll weevil, To fight, the boll weevil in die lower lands, therefore* which is still the scourge of I he Rout li. To mist- cotton first lower Hie water level by yanking out Jet ditches economically in boll-weevil-infested distriels we must larger and deeper to carry off a greater volume of water, combine all (he practicable methods of conlrol. mid then deepen I he .small hand-dag or plowed diiehes One of the most successful in the eotton fields. There is met liods i.S lo m-Sh the COttOIl IT-............................................ "..... ` " " " still lime to do this if dynamite u> mat 1.1 rity so that il will fruit early and yield a good crop I>el'>re t lie inserts become plen tiful. It is upon Inis firsl fruit mg that farmers hi weevilinfested sections must depend. Early maturity requires early planting, fertilizing and cultiva ling. M* ALFORD boqieinall) well qualified lo di.-eiiss dii* *ubjeet. He was a c o iio j i grower before ibe hoi! weevil heeame a pe?l in the South. For several year* he v;a* rt>nneeted willi the agricultural department of a southern railroad and was actively engaged in the light ligaiiisi the boll weevil. During the pa^t six years he lias become very familiar w it It the cotton-growing conditions in the hills is used, for a considerable length of ditch can be loaded and blasted in a few hours at relatively small cost. When sufficient drainage has been provided, prepare the land for planting by working the soil thoroughly--adding fertilizer, if necessary -- so When I was a boy, before the boll weevil had invaded the of Georgia and the coastal plain section; also In the "kazoo, Arkansas amt ML.at*#i|j>i della.*. that the sunlight and air can penetrate it, thus making a cotton states, we could lake Kditar warm, porous seed bed, As our time about planting--wait ____ .____ ___ ___ soon ns Hie earth is warm for the soil to dry out in the enough, plant the seed, hut do spring and then prepare the land. If we did not get our mil fool yourself and think you can plant in cold kmd cotton in until the first of June, we could still count on and get early eotton. Plant only the best: early-mat ur- making a. fairly good crop. But now we cannot wait, ing and tested seed. After the plants are up and well for unless the cotton is planted by April first, or April rooted, cultivate the fields regularly and continue the fifteenth al latest, we cannot hope lo make a full crop. fight against the boll weevil by using calcium arsenate The ridge lands may dry out ns early as this hut according to the instructions given out. by the United before early planting is possible on the lower lands, it Is Slates Government. necessary to provide good drainage. Without draining The fight against the boll weevil is of widespread wet soil, it is impossible to prepare the seed bed properly interest, not. only to col tmi growers in the South but or to make the seed sprout quickly after planting. Our to every consumer of eoi ion in this conn try. Numerous heavies! rainfall comes during January and February, hnllelins referring lo methods of exterminating the June and July. The heavy winter rains saturate the pest have been issued, and a vast amount of informa soil mid where drainage is poor the ground stays wet tion can lx* procured from the following sources: and cold until late spring. Early planting in such soil United States Department of Agrind! lire, will not hasten the maturity of the crop, for tlie seed will (Bureau of Plant Industry) either lie dormant until the land warms up, or rot and Washington. 1). C. never germinate at all. To gel good results from early Georgia Stale College of Agriculture, planting hi wet land, it is necessary to lower the water At liens, Georgia level and thus make1 it possible for the soil to warm up Aliibiuna Polytechnic Institute, sufficiently to allow early germination of the smh Auburn, Alabama When the June and July rains eoino, drainage is once Agricultural and Mechanical College, more very important, for during these months the A. & M. College, Mississippi, cotton should he making its heaviest growth and begin and agricultural colleges and experiment stations in ning its fruiting, If the ground stays wet at this time. other cot lon-growing states. 13 THE 1) i; PON T M A G A Z TN K How Qualities of du Font Coated Fabrics during n rain, At the end of each three months'exposure are Determined iCtmllivtf-d from page //) a strip is rut from the male rial on the frame and 1 he above-mentioned tests and observation are made on both the exposed sample and a portion of the "retained weather aging, it has been found necessary to develop sample". AL the end of a year of exposure, all the a- method, of testing mirier uniform conditions. The results an? tabulated and conclusions drawn from the anchorage test referred to required but little modifica data obtained. tion h) give sat isfactory results lor strength of combin It. is important that Ike location of the frames should ing. The method of operation can be inferred readily be such that rigorous conditions are encountered by from the description of the anchorage lest. the materia! being tested. It lias been observed flint Blooming Test: When rubber is vulcanized by means exposure in a manufacturing city causes much more of sulphur, only a portion of I he sulphur adeed combines deterioration ilmri is produced in clean country air. with the mhher. The other portion is field in the Owing t.o the varying conditions met at different rubber while it is vuLeanking, and periods of the season, exposure after a time it may crystallize out tests on rubber or pyroxylin goods and the rubber is then said to always arc conducted so as to have "bloomed" or "sulphured obtain comparable results. When upT The manufacturer usually a manufacturer desires to deter** is familiar with the amount of mine tin* aging quality of a com free sulphur the compound will petitive material, he usually ex hold without blooming and tents poses it along with a sample of his 1.}ii* coating for free sulphur peri nearest comparable quality. Simi odieally. The purchaser's most larly, when he makes a change in practical way of checking this is compound, his standard is exposed merely to store a sample in a coo], along with the new sample, so dark place and observe it peri- fig. 1--i 'hartfrom h-uring kat offabric. Tbf area inckriod that comparable data are always odieally for this defect. Weather Exposure Tesi: Expo Igi the tjroj>h -i.H divided hi; (he length to (Ha ia thr tearing xtnonjih available. Edge-Cnicking Test: Edge sure tests, in general, can be considered as accelerated Tracking tests are applied only to rubber-coated fab service lests.siure the results obtained gi veJu a compar rics. This test, simulates the effect of turned edges, one atively short, time, an indication of the general wear of the first places where a top shows wear. This test ing qualifies of tin* coated material. Tin* lest Inis been is carried out by cut ting a sample of the material 13 by found to be of greatest value- in testing automobile top 2;k| inches, with length parallel to the warp. The mate materials. rial is then suspended \vi ill coated side out. over a sharp The time of the exposure is usually one year, because edge in the form of a loop in which is placed a. 2J4q><mnd it is desirable to have the material subjected to flic weight.This sharp edge should he made of metal, prefer weather conditions of the four seasons. A one-year ably brass, and the goods should form an angle of 00. exposure is considered equal to about three years of Hi is test is comparative1 only and its duration is actual service. dependent on weather conditions as well as on the1 How Exposure Tests me Made A frame 4)4 by f> feet* having three equidistaid cross-members, is made from 3-by-l-ineh stock and supported by suitable uprights at. mi angle of 45, facing south. The sample of material to be tested must be of sufficient size to cover the top of this frame and leave at least three yards fora "retained sample". The follow ing observations and tests are made on the original materia!: Appearance l.nsliv {lolor Cold erurk 'tensile ,-tmigfh Smoothness Pliability Scrub Strength of combining cement Hydrostatic - I-'ul<] test "iving the mu I <-rial Ml It l folds and after imiiiig nppeaninee iking hydrostatic- lost on ll.e folded porlinli. quality nf material iesled. The test is carried on uni il definite results are obtained. This is a very important tesi on automobile top fabrics, because it combines the deterioration, due lo weather exposure, creasing, and tension. Tensile Strength Tesi: Hie tensile strength of coated or uncoated fabrics is determined by machines which are specially designed for this purpose and are readily available. The method for enrryhig oul the tensile strength tesi lias been well standardized, and has been published in so many places Urn! it is unnecessary lo repeat the direction?-; here. The information given by this test is of great impor tance in all eases when1 lhe material is to be subjected to much strain, as in upholstery, automobile tops, etc. Tearing tiirenglh Tesi: Tearing strength is determined Hie material lo be tested is placed on tlie frame and by the same machine which is used For tensile strength lightly drawn over the edges before fastening, so I hat. a losls. In this case a tear is started in the fabric in the pocket will not he formed to collect and hold water direction in which It is desired to measure the strength. 14 T1IE DU V UXT MAGAZINE Oh * goods at one side of the tear are eoiraeeted with the upper jaw of the machine and the goods on ihe opposite side witJi the lower jaw. in this (rase a graph of Ihe stress put on the goods is taken. Since ihe result is very irregular, as illustrated in Fig. Kit is common practice to repeat Ihe test several limes. In order to further average the results it is best to use a pbnnmeter to measure the area between the axis and Ihe irregular luie, thus obtaining a measure of the work done in tearTM mg the fabric. The area is then divided by the length of Ihe tear, giving the result in terms of average force required to tear. The tearing strength is, of course, taken in both directions, with the warp and with the filler. Artalysth of ('mtlhuj and Fabric: The procedure fol lowed in routine analysis of pyroxylin-coated material consists in first stamping out a sample with a die 4 hv ;i8i indies. The area of this test piece is such that its weigh! in grains when multiplied by three is equivalent lo the weight of the material in ounces, per square yard. Ihe film is dissolved off with ethyl reel ate, (he fabric dried and weighed, the difference being the weight of coaling. Weight of the coaling is expressed in ounces per run fling yard and the fabric in yards per pound. H the fabric is si/ed, siring is removed with diastase. Fount and eons truelion of fabric arc determined in the usual manner. Iliibher-eoated fabrics are analyzed in essentially the smm* manner, except that the coating is removed with benzol or gasoline. In the ease of double-texture fabrics, the weighed sample, sifter the coating is removed, is treated with "Paraffin White Spirit" (180 220 C. distilhile from motor gasoline), and the fabrics sire separated. The cement is freed from the fabrics by scraping them with a spatula and extracting with more solvent. Ilea saleable variations in weight are to be expected and limits of plus or minus o per cent generally are considered permissible. Fabric Annhjxix tests are of great: importance, because two pieces of goods may he quite similar ns to total weight and general appearance, but one may haw been manufactured by putting a light coaling on a heavydrill and the other bv application of a moderate coating on a .sateen. The ratio of weight of coaling to weight of a given type of fabric must be within fairly definite limits to give a well-balanced and satisfactory piece of leather substitute. Coaled Fabric Specifications While the tests which ha re been described clearly indicate the value of any leather substitute, it is not necessary to employ all of the tests in the ease of any fabric for a particular purpose. The purchaser need specify and apply only those tests which indicate the qualities necessary for leather substitutes for his particular uses. Some of the tests arc such that they can be written into .specifications; others are of greater use to tlie purchaser in deciding what makes or types nf leather substitute are best for this purpose; that is. they arc broader test s than are required for speeifiea lions. There is reason to believe that more careful examina tion of materials of the lype under discussion will assure the purchaser of securing material closely adapted to his needs and will enable the manufacturer to inter pret the requirements of ids customer more accurately. It seems likely that there will be greater satisfaction mi the part of all pari ies concerned when the elm met er istics of leather substitutes become bet ter known. The series of tests described will contribute a great deal toward this understanding. 1'hi- *rruh-ir.st/utj waAiinr icffs re ferred to in Part t of this- article, hut it teas nut illex traled for tact of space. The maAline v'fhs fully described in the October, i9JS. number of ibis inayU-iee The Fabrikoid Division of the du Font Company realizes that many users of coaled fabrics are not in position to install the testing equipment described in these articles. It will be glad to render technical assist ance to those consumers who desire to use its testing facilities and to collaborate with them in drawing up suitable specifications as a- 1msis for Ilnur purchases, whether or not they are using or contemplate using coated fabrics of its manufacture. Friuii! Air \iivw here' HAT more appealing title for a booklet intended Wfor the use of men who a re continually confronted with problems of underground ventilation than title "Good Air Anywhere" \ To deliver air where it is wanted, when it is wanted. with the necessary economy, is a perpetual problem in any type of mining, and particularly in coal mining where the matter of cost is always vital. The Fabrikoid Division of this company has just brought out a new booklet with this title. It describees She Yeiiluhe System of secondary ventilation for coal mines, with all its varied uses and advantages. The booklet is full of interest ing, on the job illustrations and valuable charts that are needed by mine superin tendents and managers. This booklet is available without cost lo you. If you arc interested in t he problems which it discusses, drop a card to E. I. du Font de Xemours & (he, Inc., Fabrikoid Division, Newburgh, New York, and your copy will lie mailed immediately. the 15 T M K 1) U r O N T M A G A Z IX K Under ilie "Richest Hill on Earth"* {(.'antifnird float -payr J) Washoe Smelter is sent lo Great Foils, Montana, where the electrolytic? plant of the company is situated. This prodtief is now known as an anode, which contains on the average... Copper............. Arsenic. ......................................... 04 \iitimor.y.............. .04 Silver |k r 11Oj ... ... ... NO.O nz, C oll |M*r tMll................................................ o. i oz. The product of the eleetrolytk- plant, is known as a cathode and an average analysis Is-- < 'upper ...............................................fMKOT'A Arsenic............................. . . .00.0 Antiunny.................. ................... OOiu Silver |H r t*n................................. .. 0..' <v/,. lids sh<)WS that u very small pereenlage of impurities gets by 1 he elect roly tie process. As the impurit ies are in a great pari insoluble in the eleel.rolylo. I hey settle to the bottom of I lie tanks and are known as anode mud. This mud is dried and sent, to the silver refinery, the Raritan Clipper Works at Perth Amboy, N. J. This plant, separates the gold and silver from such impurities nf I lie anode mild as tellurium, antimony, selenium, arsenic-, lead mid fine loeiallie copper. The copper is first removed by eonverth.g the metal lic copper to a eopper oxide mid leaching fids out with sulphuric acid as a eopper sulphate. The slimes are then lumacv-1.mated. Immediately after melting in the furnace the lead present forms Into a dross which is sklimned off and shipped to the lead refinery ui East Chicago, The antimony and arsenic are driven off in Ihe fumes as oxides which are caught in the flues. The Hues are cleaned out from time to tinny and the oxides reduced to a crude nntimony metal which is also sent to the lead refinery, for refining and the manufatrt are of antimoibal lead. The selenium and tellurium are removed by fluxing the furnace charge with soda ash and nitre. The slags thus formed contain all of lbest* metals as selerdtes and tellurites of soda which give up the metals when leuelied with water. r\ he gold and silver are 1 hen separated from each oilier by the electro lytic process which gives a cathode product of silver assaying 999.2 fine. The slimes resulting from this elect roly I k? process contain all the gold, platinum, and palladium present originally in the eopper. These slimes are again treated by the electrolytic? process which gives a cathode product averaging 9119.75 gold fineness. The platinum and palladium are totally sol uble in Ihe electrolyte. Ordinary quantitative analyl ical methods are followed in separating these metals. The activities referred lo are so vast, and so varied that it would he quite impossible lo describe them in detail here. Acknowledgement is due lo Mr. John 1.. Boardman, chairman of the Bureau of Safety of the A. V. M. To., for assistance in colled mg the rial a fur nished and for many courtesies extended lo the writer. E. I on Po n t i>e Ne mo u r s & Co., In c ., Wil min g t o n , De l a w a r e All Inquiries Regarding du Pont Products Should he Addressed lo Our Nearest Office ACIDS AND HEAVY CHEMICALS , S dels, iiluttts end mixrellim* out heavy ckeminil products. Philadelphia. Pa. VUli V C,r;iy'- I'Vit v KcL CHEMICAL PRODUCTS ihntp<>uilt'ii, *lht-r, dsmt, iu-itst-htdd rf.ifif.nl. (fa ther heHinil cimenls, pyi oxy!Us l-inpcers find enamels, split and patent leatho salut-ons an-! other pyrt-xvlin prepara tions cm S'itrattl.%. Parlln, NT.J. ChicUa1g14o.A1k11C. unmrk San Francisco, Calif. 5A'J VI Union Si. CLEANABLE COLLARS (.halltna*, iUne Ribbon and Waif! Nymph brands. Pmighteepsits -N. Y. 1*<Hi^iik.vpsie.- Works DYESTUFFS DyrMiiffs and dyestuff inter mediates . Boston, Mas*. 274 Franklin St. Charlotte, N. C. IM W. riiit St. Oticafto* III. 111-J Union Tru-tl Bldg. Nw York, N. Y. X Thmiia* St. Philadelphia, Pa. 126 S. Trout St. Providence, R. I. 70<> Ho^pitulTrusl BkJ*>. San Francisco, Calif. ifi*/ Mis-km St Kobe, Ju|r.ui Mo. X8 Xaliuiimchi-Diii i I*. O. Box No. .<X4 Shanghai, China Robert Dollar Bldg. .? Croton l-toad lOLFLOSIV ES Explosives hr all industrial, a^rimltural. military and sporting uses. Birmingham, Ala. >U! Bi ow ii-Mui':t BUI.;, Elusion, Maas. Harvey Buildiim ClianniN-y & BedfordSt;. Buffalo, N, YprudentiaJ liidg. Chicago, III. 1814 McCormick Bide. Denver, Colo. W, Ideal Md. Duluth. Minn. Hartlev Bkig, 742 IN Superior St, El Paso, Tex, 811 Mills Rid*. Utmtiniil-ou, W, V;, 101 -10 RoIjsion-PtiU'h- urd Bid*;. Kansas < Hi >% Mu. >25 K.-;vrrirt Blup. Mexico City, Met. EdiCciodcLa XIistua.400 New York. N. Y. 12i) lllftKlU'IlY PiUshurftl*. Pa. Fulton BJdty Portland, Ore. Null hwwei o National Bank U xl.i Si. Louis, Mo. ! 7th Floor Arcade Bldg. San, Frurtcisco, Cullf. `.(Pi M iieiiuft St. Seattle, Wash. IIo r c Huildtj> M Av.\ *v Cncrry M. Scranton, l*a. 7 It) Trader- Bank Birin. -Spokane, Wash. :2t-21 Old Niil.'l Bank Riv>*r>idi; Avc, & Sl(-viv.i> St. SprlnUfield, 111. 7tfi R.-isch Bide. FABRIKOII) AND RUBBER FABRICS P abrikmdfn'- n utnmi.lnk'iop.s. Inuty ,;;y.-ritrz,7 upholsters: btxikbiHihnz. furniture. ln%- KU-fte, WKfhh-i, !>. P>>Hh>p fur tmtn tups 'tiul ruitain.-.. shad-' doth - l en'nhe far itiii/f ventilation. Newburgh, N- Y. Stm FrtimBsro. Calif. 56r< St. UTUOI'ONM, f)RY CtJLORS Be PICMKN1S I'rtidttiii far pmnt. in!.-, `41il'Uh, linoleum, rohl-rr and other industries. Boston, Mass. Kv:`iat Station Chlvtfio, III. 2100 Oiton Ave. Newark. N. J, LS6 Vaiidoriwcl St. Philadelphia, Pa. .!5>th Sr Cray's Furry Rd. PAINTS AM) Y.YRNISIIES .1 complete line of paint ami varuisk products for ait home and industrial uses. Hostort, Mass. - Everett Stalkm 4f> Clik-atio, III, Chirao \'i(lT,i:di Wrk:- 21 Oh Elston Ave, Flint, Mich. Flint V.n uisli S: Culm Work?: New Ymlt.N. Y. Riwui S44 Hudson Tcinuiui! Hid. A0 Chinch St. Philadelphia, Pa. ifStfi X' <4ray's Kerry R<l. PYKAL1.SI Ivory Cyralin, Shell ifvndin, amt A mhei f'ymlm huiet- wirt. Novelty and transpar ent sheetiitu, rods, and heading. Hoston. Mass. 1 Ltrvt-y HttUfjilHi Chaiiiicey & i.k^rli'oil Sts. Chicago, ill. 14 NortSi Fnmklin St. New York, N. Y. 21 E. IBth Street. St. Louis, Mo. : Ma-linckrodt Rklj;. 90? Wa^hinytoa Avc- San Francisco, Calif. 560 Minion St, I-IBERSILK AND (,i-;i i.o u ia m Buftulo, N. Y. I) I'mir Miji-rHIk Com;i:my, Inc. Dh Punt t t'lloirhani: UotujAiny, fnc. New York, N. Y. ! M M;ulUf>n Arc. Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1121 Haardwalk, Du iMont Product* Exhibit m under PONTOP There is a man near you who will put real skill and dependable material into your automobile top. Your top will be patterned, fitted and tailored like a fine suit of clothes. Fashioned of PONTOP, it will wear long and keep its shape, because PONTOP is built for long service as well as fine appearance. If you would preserve the youth of your car, if ultimate economy concerns you more than immediate cost, seek out the man who uses PONTOP, or let us send you his name. Oil PDNT ABRIKQi r e:g . u . s . p a t . o f f . PONTOP E, I. d u Po n t d e Ne mo u r s & Co mp a n y , i n c . Fabrikoid Division NEWBURGH NEW YORK From "Gunpowder" to`Du Pont Oval 122 Years of Successful Powder Manufacture THE first powder mill in America was established in 1802 by Eleuthere lrenee du Pont on the banks of the Brandywine with the official sanction of President Jefferson. Since that time du Pont lias been manufacturing powder and has maintained acknowledged leadership in this field. The famous du Pont quality, built into every pound of du Pont explosives, has been made possible only through long experience in manufacture, exhaustive research and experiment., and complete chemical control. - DU PONT OVAL--The New Shotgun Powder AS might be expected, du Pont lias once more given evidence of leadership in announcing Du Pont Oval--a new powder for heavy shotgun loads. l)u Pont Oval gives "higher velocity and improved pattern without increased pressure--the highest velocity of any shotgun powder manufactured. Du Pont Oval is a dense, nitrocellulose powder. It has all the merits of the older powders with the additional advantages of higher veloc ity and better pattern combined with the same degree of safety. Sportsmen have been looking for such a powder as Du Pont Oval, and du. Pont has produced it. Some manufacturers of shotgun shells are already loading Du Pont Oval powder in heavy loads. Others will follow. Write, for full particulars on DuPont Oval powder E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc. Sporting Powder Division WILMINGTON DELAWARE