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of Western Europe is a major barrier to knitting the free world into a smoothly work ing economic whole. As one observer put it, "when the American economy catches a cold, the European economy gets pneumonia." This is largely because Europe is so much weaker in productive strength.
No Shortage of Knowledge
Yet the knowledge which would enable the countries of Western Europe, and particu larly Britain, to increase their industrial productivity has been mobilized and is readily available to them. It is with this process for Britain that Mr. Hutton's book is concerned. In the book he summarizes the findings and conclusions, virtually all of them unanimous, of 66 teams, composed of British industrial managers, technicians, shop workers and la bor leaders. Over a period of three years these teams completed a comprehensive series of inspection and study trips in the United States under the sponsorship of the AngloAmerican Council on Productivity. The prod uct of that effort, he remarks, is "a set of documents the like of which, on such a scale and of such practical value, has never been seen in the history of international and cul tural borrowing."
Psychology the Key
From study of these documents, Mr. Hut ton concludes that better capital equipment is the key technical ingredient of higher in dustrial productivity in Britain, and consti tutes "the most urgent . . . need of British industry." But he finds that even without new capital equipment a '75% rite in productivity can etllt be achieved by reorganization of work " and that tuch an Increase would "soloe Britain's chief social and economic problems."
Then why is not Buch an increase in produc tivity, demonstrated by the Anglo-American
productivity teams to be so clearly within technical grasp, promptly forthcoming? Hutton, quoting one of the team report^; remarks that, "'the greatest obstacles to in.' creased productivity are psychological rattier than technical.' We have to deal first and' foremost with men, not machines." And Economist, pursuing the line of inquiry aug-. gested, reaches the conclusion that, by and; large, the people of Britain do not want prosper by being more efficient. The Econo. mist says:
"The real secret of American produc-J tivity is that American society is Imbued1; through and through with the desirability, j the rightness, the morality of production. ... But in Britain, if any moral feeling st all survives about economic matters, it is1) usually a vague suspicion that' economic success is reprehensible and unworthy; From this difference in attitudes every-., thing else follows."
"How," asks THE ECONOMIST, "shall we set about restoring some belief In the rightness of effort, the morality of success?" For this question it has no ready answer. Neither have we. We are confident that the British people will neither be cajoled nor coerced into trying to match our productivity. Basically the problem seems to be to demonstrate clearly to them the truth of the proposition, set down by Graham Hutton, that "there Is no goal, aim or end before a Good Society which the raising of that society's material productivity cannot render easier of achieve ment." Doing that in an old and settled coun try like Britain is obviously an extremely formidable undertaking. But until It Is done, the crucial Job ot getting Britain and the rest of Western Europe firmly on its economic leet will remain to torment all of us.
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inf-
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