Document DD9k30pdygbjrQQQm9vkRb3NB
SITE R - SAUGET TOXIC DUMP
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Site Description
Site R is the Sauget Toxic Dump, an inactive industrial waste
landfill used by the Monsanto Chemical Company between the years 1957
and 1977. Site R occupies approximately 36 acres adjacent to the
Mississippi River in Sauget, Illinois.
The site is located
immediately west of Site Q, commonly known as the Sauget Landfill.
Site R is presently covered with a clay cap and vegetated, and
drainage is directed to ditches around the perimeter of the site. A
Monsanto feedstock tank farm is located adjacent to the site on the
northwest side.
Site History and Previous Investigation
Site R, also known as the Krummrich Landfill, was operated by Sauget and Company under contract with Monsanto. According to an Eckhardt Report summary sheet submitted in 1979 by Monsanto, approximately 262,500 tons of liquid and solid industrial wastes were disposed of at Site R from Monsanto plants in Sauget and St. Louis. In 1981, Monsanto submitted two Notification of Hazardous Waste Site Forms for Site R to the USEPA. The Monsanto W.G. Krummrich Plant (Sauget) listed 290,000 cubic yards (c.y.) of organics, inorganics, solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals as having been disposed at Site R. The Monsanto J. F. Queeny Plant (St. Louis) listed 6600 c.y. of the same waste types as above. Both notifications also indicated below ground disposal of drums.
Monsanto has also submitted two reports to IEPA out ling waste types
and volumes disposed of at Site R for the years 1968 and 1972. Data
compiled from these reports are summarized in Table R-l.
This
tabulation shows that the volume of wastes landfilled in 1972 was
significantly lower than that in 1968 This reduction reflects the
elimination of several major production operations at Monsanto's
Krummrich Plant. By 1975, the majority of chemical waste disposal at
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Site R had been terminated, as wastes were either hauled to other disposal facilities or incinerated on the plant site.
Very little information is available concerning disposal activities
at Site R prior to 1967. In March, 1967, Sauget and Company filed an
application for registration to operate a refuse disposal facility to
the Illinois Department of Public Health.
Health Department
inspection reports from 1967 indicate disposal of liquid chemical
wastes and metal containers from Monsanto. Liquids were pumped from
tank trucks and drums into several pits around the site. Cinders
were used as intermediate cover material.
In August, 1968, the Illinois Department of Public Health collected five ground water samples from on-site monitoring wells. The locations of these wells are shown in Figure R-l, and analytical results are presented in Table R-2. Phenols were detected in all wells at concentrations ranging from 15 to 1220 ppb. Alkalinity and total solids were also analyzed for, but no significant conclusions can be made from the data for these parameters.
IEPA began making routine inspections at Site R in 1971. Photographs of the site at this time suggest that wastes were disposed of in direct contact with the ground water. No segregation of liquid wastes was apparent in these photographs. IEPA collected another set of samples from the monitoring wells in December, 1972. Analytical data for these samples are shown in Table R-3. The results indicate concentrations of iron, zinc, and phenol above the State's water quality standards. Oil was also detected in wells MW-1 and MW-4. Samples were also collected from waste ponds at Site R by IEPA in January, 1973 and analyzed for phenol. Two samples were collected from pits identified as crystal!ization ponds, and one sample was taken from a spent caustic pond. Results for the waste pond samples are shown in Table R-4. High concentrations of phenols were detected in all samples.
In 1973, IEPA sent notices to Sauget and Company and Monsanto
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TABLE R-2: ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES FROM SITE R (COLLECTED AUGUST 22, 1968 BY THE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH)
PARAMETERS
Total Solids (conductivity mmhos) Alkalinity (ppm) Phenol (ppb)
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
MW-1 MW-3 MW-4 MW-5 MW-6
320 300 280 250 500 172 148 156 124 248 1220 25 20 15 1200
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TABLE R-4:
ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLES FROM WASTE PONDS AT SITE R (COLLECTED JANUARY 18, 1973 BY IEPA)
PARAMETER Phenol
CRYSTALLIZATION POND 221 2800
SAMPLE LOCATIONS CRYSTALLIZATION POND 270
50,000
SPENT CAUSTIC POND 2,000
NOTE: Results in mg/1 (ppm).
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TABLE R-5: ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLES FROM SITE R (COLLECTED FEBRUARY 22, 1973 BY IEPA)
PARAMETERS
Iron Manganese Mercury (ppb) Zinc Ammonia Phenol (ppb) BOD COD
MW-1
6.8 0.35 0.4 1.9 1.6 150 31 51
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
MW-2
MW-4
MW-5
11 0.55
0.6 2.6 80 48 78
0.8 0.05
0.7
1 16
6.6 1.05 0.2 1.5 1.3
1 13
RANNEY WELL
1.9 0.92
0.98 7500
85 220
NOTE: All results in ppm unless noted otherwise. Blanks indicate below detection limits.
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TABLE R-7:
ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES FROM SITE R (COLLECTED OCTOBER 28, 1975
BY IEPA).
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
PARAMETERS
RANNEY WELL
Ammonia
Arsenic
0.002
Barium
0.1
Boron
0.7
Cadmium
COD Chloride
345 ----------------rru
Cyanide
Iron
4.5
Lead
0.02
Manganese
1.3
Nitrate
'Oil --------
3
Phenol
19
R.O.E.
300
Selenium
0.02
Sulfate
95
MW-2
0.1 0.9
210 200
0.02 13.4
0.2 0.3 6 1.1 920
6
MW-4
0.002 0.1 0.5
12 23
0.01 1.45 0.01 0.1 0.2 2 0.025 230
22
MW-5
0.2 0.2
16 20
11 0.04 0.7 0.1 3 0.013
200
15
NOTE: AIT results in mg/1, (ppm). Blanks indicate not detected.
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wells were installed. The D'Appolonia study concluded that the landfill area consisted of 5 to 20 feet of flyash, cinders, silty clay, and unidentified waste. The landfill is underlain by alluvium, consisting of fine.sands, silt, and clay ranging in thickness from 5 to 50 feet. Field permeability tests showed that alluvium is fairly permeable (1 x 10"3 cm/sec) suggesting that silty sand is the major component of the alluvium. This finding is supported by the evidence of vertical migration of contaminants to a depth of 65 feet, as suggested in the boring logs. Water levels were generally 25 to 30 feet below ground surface.
In May, 1978, Monsanto filed closure documents to IEPA detailing a closure plan for the site. In general, the plan consisted of specifications for the installation of a drainage system and clay cap, along with details for grading, seeding, and access restriction. The Helmkamp Construction Company was retained to implement the closure plan. An IEPA inspection report from October, 1979 indicated that closure operations at Site R were complete, including installation of a clay cap 3 to 6 feet in thickness. In February, 1980, Richard Sinise, an Environmental Control Engineer for Monsanto, filed an Affidavit of Closure for Site R.
0
IEPA personnel collected ground water samples from monitoring wells
installed by D'Applonia in October, 1979 (Figure R-l). The samples
were analyzed for inorganics and organic parameters reported by
Monsanto to have been disposed of at the site. Analytical results
for these samples are shown in Table R-9.
Analysis showed the
presence of several organic contaminants in the wells. Both shallow
(25 to 35 feet) and deep (60 to 70 feet) wells were sampled, and
chlorotoluene and phenol were found in all wells sampled. Well
B-19S, located in the southeast portion of the site, also showed
chlorophenol, dichlorobenzene, and diphenyl ether at concentrations
ranging from 0.81 to 2.1 ppm. Iron, copper, and zinc exceeded water
quality standards in several wells. Another set of samples was
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collected by the IEPA from the O'Appolonia monitoring wells in March,
1981.
These samples were analyzed specifically for organic
compounds. Analytical data for these samples are shown in Table
R-10. Concentrations of organic contaminants were detected in all
wells sampled. Chlorobenzene (130 to 3000 ppb) was detected in all
wells, while biphenyl amine, chlorophenol, dichlorobenzene, and
dichlorophenol were seen in five or more wells.
In October, 1981, IEPA collected leachate and sediment samples at Site R from an area adjacent to the Mississippi River. Leachate and sediment samples were collected from three locations where leachate seeps were observed flowing from the landfill into the river. Analytical results for these samples are presented in Table R-ll, and locations of the samples are shown in Figure R-l. The three water samples showed contamination with a wide variety of organic compounds. PCBs and chloroani1ine were detected in all sediment samples. Other compounds detected in sediment samples included 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D), chloronitrobenzene, dichloroaniline, chlorophenol, biphenyl-2-ol, and dichlorophenol. The presence of 2,4-0 and chlorinated phenols in these samples suggested that dioxin was also a potential contaminant at the site. The IEPA subsequently requested assistance from USEPA in securing a laboratory to perform dioxin analysis on leachate samples from Site R. In November, 1981 a USEPA contractor (Ecology and Environment, Inc.) collected leachate and sediment samples at three locations adjacent to the river (Figure R-l). A total of eight samples plus three blanks were collected. Dioxin analysis was performed by the Brehm Laboratory at Wright State University. Monsanto obtained split samples and analyzed for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), select organics, and metals. The USEPA samples were analyzed for tetra through octa CDDs and dibenzofurans (CDFs), select organics, and metals. Table R-12 provides an explanation and cross-reference for samples collected by USEPA and Monsanto.
Analytical results for CDOs and CDFs in the USEPA leachate samples
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I
O00 sc OJ d 00
00
PARAMETERS
PCB
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Chloroantllne
Ch1oronltrobenzene
2.4-0
2.4.5-T
blchloronltrobenzene
Dlchloroanlllne
Chloronltroanlllne
Nltroanlllne
Chlorophenol
Phenol
Methylphenol
Dlchlorophenol
Nltrophenol
B1 phenyld1o1
Anil Ine
Methylbenzene
Sucponamide
4-methyl-2-pentanol
2-methyl cyclopentanol
Biphenyl 2-01
Benzenesulfonamlde
Dichlorobenzene
Benzoic Acld/Dertvatlves
Hydroxybenzolc Acid/
Derivatives
2,4-0 Isomer
2.4,5-T Isomer
.
TABLE: R-ll: ANALYSIS Of LEACHATE AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM SITE R (COLLECTED OCTOBER 2, 1981 BY IEPA)
SAMPLE A (WATER) 002268/
11 160 24,000 21,000 16,000
740
870 84
100 15,000 22,000
32,000 600
1,700 550 180
26 93 300 76
12,000
12,000 38,000 10,000
SAMPLE B (WATER) 0022688
40 390 22,000 9,600 17,000
590
820 33 23
30,000 17,000
220 7,200
120 2,000
300 630
no 6,600
48,000 12,000
SAHPLE LOCATIONS
SAMPLE C (WATER) 0022689
2.6 150 1,600 38,000 820 7,800
790
2,800
SOIL SAMPLE A 0022690 40
1,700
53 5)
27,000
12,000
no
2,100
40
35 140
280
250 27000
29,000 6,500
SOIL SAMPLE B D022692
150
SOIL SAMPLE C D022692 230
190 130 (<5) (<5)
6,900
(<5) (<5)
190
290
310
NOTE:
All results In ppb.
Blanks Indicate below detection limits.
( I Indicates values are unconfirmed.
are shown in Table R-13- Tetra- and penta-CDDs and COFS were not
detected in any of the samples. However, higher chlorinated dioxins
and furans (hexa through octa isomers) were detected in three of the
five samples submitted for analysis.
Concentrations of these
compounds ranged from 4.5 to 2693 parts per trillion (ppt). The two
remaining samples, S07 and R01, were water blanks, and showed no
detectable CDDs or CDFs. Monsanto also analyzed samples M01 through
M05 for CDDs, and results showed no detectable concentrations of
these compounds.
Inorganic data for the leachate and sediment samples from Site R are shown in Tables R-14 and R-15. In general, the leachate samples did not show significant inorganic contamination, although concentrations of chromium, copper, boron and iron exceeded water quality standards in two or more samples. Cyanide was detected in several samples, but was also found in the blank. Therefore, the results for cyanide should be considered unreliable. Data for the sediment samples show more substantial evidence of contamination. Elevated levels of arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, and barium were found in several samples. Identified organic compounds in leachate and sediment samples are listed in Table R-16. Phenol and chlorinated phenols were found in all but one sediment sample (M02) at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 300 ppb. Leachate samples showed elevated levels of several organic parameters, including chlorinated phenols, chlorinated benzenes, chloroanilines, and 2,4-D. As shown in Table R-16, there is a significant discrepancy in the Monsanto and USEPA data for the sediment samples. The values listed by Monsanto were consistently and substantially higher than USEPA values. This may be explained by the fact that USEPA's samples were initially analyzed as medium hazard samples. Because of the higher detection limits associated with this analysis, no contaminants were initially found. USEPA subsequently decided to rerun the samples at lower detection limits. It is possible that the increased holding time and handling of these samples were instrumental in the reduction of concentrations of contaminants found.
Site R was assessed using USEPAs Hazard Ranking System (HRS) model in
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TABLE R-14: INORGANIC ANALYSIS OF LEACHATE SAMPLES FROM SITE R (COLLECTED NOVEMBER 12, 1981
BY ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.)
PARAMETERS
- SOI
M01
Arsenic.
0.034 0.02
Mercury
0.0002
Selenium
0.038
Thai 1ium
Antimony
Beryl 1ium
0.008
Cadmium
0.006
Chromium
0.04
0.086
Copper
0.073
Lead
0.005
Nickel
0.04
0.155
Silver
Zinc
0.048 0.216
Aluminum
26.8
Barium
0.5
Boron
19.7
18
Calcium
N/A 368
Cobalt
0.03
Iron
------------- 05""2575
Magnesium
N/A 43.2
Manganese * 0.02
6.27
Molybdenum
N/A 0.53
phosphorus
N/A 0.9
Sodium
N/A 40.4
Tin
Vanadium
0.18
Cyanide
0.071 N/A
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
D01 0.031 0.0002 0.032
S03 0.016 0.0002 0.026
M03 0.025"" 0.0014
S05 0.029 0.0008 0.031
M05 0.065 0.001
0.02
0.008
0.024
17.1 N/A
0.06 N/A
0.32 N/A N/A N/A
0.057
0.015
0.005 0.00/ 0.075 0.092
0.124
0.01
15.35 N/A
N/A 1.99
N/A N/A N/A
0.216 30.5 0.5 13.6 257 0.019 30.8 48.2 2.1 0.403 0.907 41.8
0.138 N/A N/A
0.02
0.008 0.008 0.07 0.08
0.01 0.049
21.6 N/A
0.63 N/A
5.4 N/A N/A N/A
0.02
N/A
0.144
0.062 3.22 0.36 19.1 257 0.031 27.4 39.8 8.82 0.439 2.06 44.2 1.4 0.17 N/A
ROl
0.01
0.31
N/A N/A 0.03 N/A N/A N/A 0.13
NOTE:
All Results in ppm. Blanks indicate below detection limits. N/A - Parameter not analyzed. ROl is a water blank.
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TABLE R-16: IDENTIFIED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LEACHATE AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM SITE R (COLLECTED NOVEMBER 12, 1981 BY ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT, INC.)
PARAMETERS 2-Chlorophenol 2,4-Oichlorophenol Phenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dtchlorobenzene Bts(2 ethylhexyl) Phthalate
Chlorobenzene Aniline Chloroani1Ines
Dichloroantlines Chloronltrobenzenes 2,4-0 PCBs
LEACHATE
M01 --ror~
100
100
130
30 20
160 60
8000
ros
3000
332
30 40 4000
40
80
100
SAMPLE LOCATIONS
H05 S02 M02 0.26
200
400
25 600
O.OOB
0.014
S04 0.2 0.42 0.5
SEDIMENT
*F04--------
200
300
400
300
0.034
S06
0.4
0.56 0.42 0.32
M06 300 600 400
200 0.192
NOTE: All results In parts per billion (ppb). Blanks Indicate below detection limit.
O' tA at
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detected in monitoring wells and leachate samples from Site R as they relate to wastes reported by Monsanto to have been disposed of at the site. Also included in the analysis were chemicals reported as being manufactured at Monsanto's Krummrich Plant, as documented in the 1977 chemical inventory developed as a result of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The analysis revealed a high degree of association or correlation between chemicals detected in the sample, and those reported to have been disposed of or manufactured by Monsanto. A summary of data from this USEPA analysis report is presented in Table R-17.
In 1984, Monsanto contracted Geraghty and Miller, Inc. to perform a detailed hydrogeologic investigation in the Sauget area. Data from this study, which included the installation of approximately 60 monitoring wells, have not been made available.
Data Assessment and Recommendations
A great deal of data has been developed to date for Site R. Organic contaminants have been detected in both shallow and deep monitoring wells on site, as well as in leachate seeps leaving the site. Evidence 'of contamination has been observed to a depth of approximately 60 feet in soil borings. A substantial listing of the types and quantities of chemical wastes disposed of at the site was submitted to IEPA by Monsanto. In view of this information the only significant data gaps are: (1) specific delineation of contaminant boundaries, and (2) determination of the presence or absence of air emissions from the site. Because of the permeable nature of the subsurface soils and the characteristics of the wastes present at the site, it is likely that extensive migration of contaminants has occurred.
The present scope of work for the Dead Creek Project includes installation and sampling of monitoring wells at Site R. Ambient air monitoring will also be conducted to determine to what extent, if any, off-gassing of organic contaminants is occurring. Every effort
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should be made by th IEPA to obtain data on, and gain access to, the
Monsanto wells installed by Geraghty and Miller. Access to these
wells would likely eliminate the need for, or at least affect the
location of, the monitoring wells to be installed during the field
investigation of Site R. Pending the results of ground water
sampling, a more specific approach to delineating the extent of
contamination could be proposed.
Samples should initially be
collected from a minimum of 8 wells on Site R, and hydraulic
conductivity tests should be run on a minimum of 2 deep and 2 shallow
wells. Possibilities for identifying plume characteristics include
conducting electromagenetic surveys (including off site areas), and
soil gas monitoring. In any event, the lateral and vertical extent
of contaminantion must be addressed prior to design of remedial
options.
*
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