Document DBgQjYmw0EmYwm4ZkdBOp6Mo

ETHYL CORPORATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPM ENT DEPARTMENT R E SE A R C H LABO R A TO R IES 1 6 0 0 W EST E IG H T M ILE ROAD FERNDALE SO, DETROIT, MICHIGAN April 11, I960 Dr. R. A. Kehoe College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati 19, Ohio Dear Dr. Kehoe: Enclosed is a copiet of Mr. Bowditch's letter to Mr. Costello and also a copy of the attachment to which he refers. I am sorry that the quality of the copy is so poor but being a copy of a copy it was the best our people could do. I did not receive from New York a copy of the statement from the Director of Haskell Laboratory which is referred to in Mr. Bowditch's last paragraph. Sincerely yours, HEH:br Enclosure He 0004914 i O Lt A *> r s m *,,e .'* - - '%**s" i ( A .UM^l . tSiVM* i'Ot*tT - / C-*fcv . H* ** ** -*** laMtafsiir'ieia A j * & o r > i a i i o n . 6 0 E A S T 4 2nr. S T R E E T NKNV Y O U K 17..V .Y . M AN FRfO BOWDlTCH pioECii-Ho >4E<ETH .NDSAYITY Marc*. 21 . 1-7&0 s ./ Mr A . .Coste1 io Vice '^ces/.aent Ethyl lo^oration '?. Park,-*Ata^uc hew York 17, N.Y. Lear .Jo-': With re*"erence tc the current, apparently =11-cut effort. of the California State Health Lepartment to et`.arlish rather drastic state-vice air pollution cor.;.rc: regulations, nerew: th is a copy of a statement re'avive to lead which has come to my attention. As receivec, this was in the form of a typed craft with penciled amendments, stated to represent, "the latest thinking of the State on leao." The copy herewith em: coles these changes, but. as it did not seem wise to attempt to correct the corrections, there are some obvious errors such as that notea on the first page. The novel concept that ieac is secor.a only to carbor, monoxiue as a hazarc to the put lie in the general atmosphere, seemingly implicit, in the brief summary on page 7, is of Interest in relation to the statement by the Hirector of jc Font's Haskell Laboratory marked in my other enclosure. .- KB: es enc \ V 0004915 N 7199.01 <, # * 4> -, < ,, 4 A ^ ^ a f\v *** 4% * - -* ' urinary; coproporphyria. The circulating red'blood cell may be stippled f: ^yn^X;^r';'P * - - r*j -vr-^ *\ ' r way .show an increased mechanical fragility bat.decreased osmotic fragility v*tt* *' ' ~ - * ' *i4 15 '1 ''iHTi. **-'i+,#>?*" '>V' ' -*-*j > , - * " ,r-s ji$r}'i Ihese changes tray bt associated with'increase-d.,,-,,-re^_r,,r^^^^j:Sell.::brel*acNn ' '- / i A, # ' ' ,* * 'f* . V *~.`3"x'*~..-*j,.$4<$ ', >** " *'. i Mechanical: ana osmotic fragility changes may be reproducedbyin vitro - '..L 2 . , s* 4* . __y._V** * r *# . M's/'- to, lead. ' However, only the mechanical fragility persist when th cells are transfused into*e'norf|ll <| | % % ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ A ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' Xi r* ** >* ^ *" f P**-^ * ^ 5 *' 7*1 . `' -, Lead t_~oxic..1i-ty Kis ' r*elatetd" 4to . t" t^he `amoiu*nJtr ac.c'urm*ul-24Va,te*d in *-.: ''v'.' - 4 the ^bodyW,* - i~,;tst~ , \>r> '4 the levels that might occur in coranunity air pollutioft, there, are primarily i<i. ' kf '" i * Xi r %. t * * ^ ^* 1'75i^ a^ *" <y^* -^** VSV : VV1' effects cf long-tenn exposure are of primary concern; It seems reasonable - ' c $* * . \ - 1 i*.; V to establish standards upon the basis of levels which.would^ot lead to ,' k ?,,,<. - kV ,, \ . ';-Vw .'- / " - V : - ' accumulation of lead in the. body.' ` ! *' - Honte& of Exoosnre ` ' . , . K1 "" " " *> ^ 4 ... . ' ... . 1 ...** * j.*. -L.'** :*.k*,. ' * - , , .a < . 1 '*'-w*> >'.. .;.. . ** .'. *.:' :*' ..* r-,. J.1^,;. ... - - '-.- -. ...^ ' 11 '^- ,., j k k - - v `v'.'~*v -.'.--.^jkk''>*-.' -'- ' ' , i'cne ingestion or lead "occurs in eating ,foodAha_ drinking waier^ivlAr,' 1' t / *". . `.%rr~* '* ? 'T) 1 % VV i Ibis dose ano'ints to an estimated average in North America of, about' 320 X ^ ,, . ` < X - *+i4 "f r C-, , r --Ojf, >t-, ricrograms per day. Aoout 5>0'percept "of orally ingested, lead is excreted ' r- * - 4 kk. <V><-,k >- iSL^Itlk*'tS***V * 1*~Vr k '* 'r-- '-k *,v *r, " "'-x'-#., `/t'k.is&5 by the fecal route; -ihue, s&newhat less'than 10 percent'! absorbed. he --.f , '^ '</ ' .b' , "-*i, k ,.W kV output- of lead in the urine of the average North' American adult is about 30"* ! \. . < - kk V - ^.*-K sV ^5p> ^V -p' kk - ^V ^ ^ ^ - micrograffiS per day when the urine volume is about'*liter. In balance studios - ^ >T ' , *S, '>7.^-* *-'P where all lead in food, water, urine and fcs was measured over long.periods 'S S iT tX ^ 0 , A 5'* * - .v *^ ^ f>* ax -10 .. '" (' si S'-i ; i?4ar t vjgzg i-' "jf-i >-- V- m \*&r *>**1 1. - 1- *-i**** 1. H * * L~* iS? ,, * *** _ * -- * M_rtj_ m ** rvi^vr^i1*V3 - '-r- ,V: - v `W'tj "StV J **if> ',~j*p*C.y :f Im PI ..*_____ .* ;ij,5SeVf.'A''M ,periods of prolonga exprljaent*l respiratory exposure to-'.- V ..* X'2tk& ssBuf V ^ jw -v ' fij >n ocotoni: proportionaf lead., absor.b.e..d..1.....i..n...the nei'gfhcbgorg-gipth .s~*r.-i~Y1^ . !'vR^W!*.>a . *' elation than-by; o n ! : ;| 5*s dAwoimt of S a f e' load Abaorptlea e'JPt* 1 I/IS ||tri*S.'/;,-lVllH'-'i8?i MiWMk^M "' ` sar^that :the 'ebsea^tl^ :*'V7i ",iv;*^6'^S.'*'S!it' SSi#* S io ^ '^ ik e ly ;:th a & 3 ^ lr& n ta ry intake" of abotft tuioo th is aaeunt,- shH e devoid ' . *' 'm _ _ __ orer period o f t . w . _ s ^ ^t^__ `,^,^i"/_..*few: prtiw^a^ectiow agSfi period -of 10 or aere years; < ^11 am ia JVW-;-'# ,,.fellovs 'tHat ah IrcrMental increase' * r*i"^d ^i , iiylWt',$.\/ SS* __ ,__ . _ . mim -5 ."%7 ''? 'af,Wi2ia;sbe;o l ^ i n ^ e j i ... C"5t* o * /..!^.y-fjaa-ths,order- of'9QL or nnoore r" :;V' .' t fo0l*l*34sr .'4 ^ :i.- ^^3 'Jsfrfs -,,'i'iSKSfcir' -iS 'dioe**e) indicate that the individu "??:'Citt*!* for the Moot: Sensitive chronic kidney.diabase,<My.,fej8-.TOfthl^.t"#xor*i>:le*d,.ind hence may'bo inore sensitive t ^ a b s o r b e d y inhtatiS i -, ' . - *V(Wf'n Jf\ rj1 "-- - about 3a>l lead' ,. -r* ` " sMW avac m:M 88'Wf;th^aiB !>rs&s*rd thatpO percent;!, inhaled. --- allheal hiiy^air pollution aicrograais 'per day of ... . fti Lution Is; In -the'moat soluble' m .a fa W . ** J *3* t s y ^ v ^^T v A in STHOtXnt.OX 1 6 lu XX'wft.^ HXT p o l l u t i o n , ,1 VoU p ^ M lb l^ jtn ftV (tu6 &P0T$ Xl^VUP6 ; ' it<^' '~f ~%**0**'?. **%$,*'- ',t:^IT'i'^',,i-'i i'ii' "- tt&cf be considered as additive; to that .to .idiieh the *normal" subjects in .,. m 4 S $ t,%<r lclJahati,had .*. '-*!.* been exposed, -namely, 1.0 to 1.2, micro grams w per* cubic T.'h *-^ .*. meter. *,,<*- ;*5 | f e S k i ^ *V:S . v.,,, rt ' C M ^ V b W * U K ^ `- * ' `Ihere is however a great dealof/ruacertainty,concerning.the,proportion '; `the Inhaled lead vhich is ,absorbed., .Uptil. there is. some, additional data on this, 3* ' **1 - . . T i . - ^ V<- r \ -* -ttf - u. ~ ' -! .r- , ^ lit 3 f k i-* & ^T#"* A-W on a 'average blood or urine excretion levels for groups of person w i t h *m V 'Istdi v,'? S-ri wx jijvfc*rs;S*wii,,'hjy. n'-w <iiJfkf..;-?.-'i * ^yCk^^-ty -*5# that ... . '.frsiS r:"coblae''mtbe*teavrj,'v''M?5noastt-of 'ttihie.sMe vvba>luiems vve>r*ea evunpip^uJ-'. "ift dat In;15,i51i,',the average;of 23ode-Urminatisns.in pasadaim.^gsi4 y.2 mm is" p ; ^n * Tetregthyl Lead. 19^9. pp.$>b-57. I **:r` ^ -TV f *'> \ '^XF-ri, 5. Kehoe, U.A. "Sv^ Sfehavior of Lead in the Htaian. Orgsalsa in Relation to 'M g * -v , , , ' ~ f , > < t ,, ,, *,, Z - , -- ------- ~ ***, ^ ,-^ 'rir -*nd '';* wVdsra civimunitv Life'. (A taaJc*'to the California lub,,April 30, 19i?6.) / e&//rt*VT----- f:*rr*A r;r.'`'''ss:^ w |!''' r 4, * , ' j* < ^ ^* , "J " x p - /-- * * ' . - `A` '< ^ V--- 6 . ^ Kehoe, rUA. Le&c Absorption end Excretion in. Pertain Tradee; J. Ind. '