Document BzkG46715G6EN8rNeVNoVbpj

FILE NAME: Caterpillar (CAT) DATE: 1939 DOC#: CAT003 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Article from Published Transactions of 28th National Safety Congress The Human Side of Safety (Early Morning Classes) HuTmhean sSeridiees ooff Saffoeutyr**lewctausrearraonnge"dThtoe imntaenryestsafaentdy mpreonviadned iontfhoermr adteiolengatfeosr wthheo rmecaong'snizmeenthtael iimdipoosrytnacnrcaesieosf iunndceorsntnaencdtiinogn cwtiithweemreplosyelmecetnetdacftriovmitieasm. oTnhge ofouutsrtasnpdeainkg* clehaidaetrrys. isnupmerevdiiscoarly setrraviincien,g,indaunsdtribaulsipnseyss salesmanship. meTnhe aleucdtiuernecseswoenre foduerlivseurcecdesbsievfeorme oirmn- ainngds aoidf inthge oCn onFgrirdeassy, mbeogrinninnign.g ETaucehsdaoyf tChaemesrpoena,kerMs awnaagsingintroDdiurceecdtor,by NWat.ionHa.l tShaefestyubCjeocutncsiell,ecIntecd, bwyhothberielfelcytuerpeirt.omized areThteakefonl,loiwn inthgereficrosrtdtshorefethleecsteuraedsd,refsrosems sispecaialcloynpdreenpsaarteiodnpaopferas; tshteenfootyuprteh lreecptourrte. wTheeeky opfreisnetnent saivevadluisacbulsesicornosasn-sdecintitoenreostf toa all the delegates. TUESDAY M ORNING SESSIO N O ctober 17.1933 Man's Usefulness and Limitations from a Physical Standpoint-- His Proper Placement By HAROLD A. VONACHEN, B.S H.D. Medical Director, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Peoria, tU. staTnhdepocionntsiadnedratfiroonmofthmeanstafnrodmpoiantphoyfsihcaisl cpolamceesinuisnedfuusl,tryw?ithout limitations, for his perr*opesrucphlacaembernotadin fiindddusttrhyatnahtuoruarlsly ucpoovn theThetmdainsspwutearbleto fathcetsethqaut esatnionIsndluiesstriainl jheocutrasncdourledadbinegspcehnetniunmdeirsocuusssainrtgictlhees stuhbat Rtiaellatpioanrts oPfrotghreamromutuinset btoecogmuiedeantheesseinn hyaevares.beBenut peuvbelnishseod. dthuerriengisthmeucphosttofebwe disivnidoutalantoehxicslupsirvoepemr egdoicaall Tprhoibslecmer,tailnelyt dtheasitremd aannyd mindoudsitrtioesacsctoimll pligisnho,reforth1efeianr hinimdussetlrfy froeraliezmeptlhoaytmeeancthispearsohnumpraensebnetiinngg eisvsiutaebslet,hrwohuigleh ohthaeprhsazaarred amppertohaocdhsinwghtihche ahtoteomd patnindgthtoatfihnids apnrohbolneemsst maraenpsaonf olifveMlis dwuislltryb'eoor fthleithtleealvthaloufe etmoptlhoyeeefsu.ture of in vaesry*.wbheoinleg. and must be accepted with him neWss?haIts fiatcotonrlsy cnoenctersoslarmy atno'sdeptheyrmsicinale hfiits tioTnhsearelofnoere,faIll sfaayr tshhaotrtphoyfsibceailngextahme inena tpihalyssictaol ddeetfeercmtsin, eorbeaforerethaenreinodtihveidruaelssebne tfiirtneeassnswanedr tporodpeteerrmpilnaceeumseenfut.lneTshs,ephmyesnictaall 181 182 28th National Safety Congress csiadpearceidty, ohif? threespmoannse.muhsits lpikeresuoniualibae* caonnd htois bdeispsoolsvietidonbyallclboesecomcoionpgervaittiaolnpbroebtwleemens apgeorsobnenfeolreanthde mGerdeiacatel.r XLewss Ythoarnk aSayfeetayr CtuoduencTile. sIts"expwrielslsesodmaen doapyiniboencotmhaet a"Arpotui tfionre uanstilesswenetiasclieanstifpichaylslyicadl eteexramminineatieoancsh, hmaavne'snaobtilirteyactohecdootrhdeingaotealanfdorrewsphoincdh, wwee all strive. theConaspidtietruadbele tteimstse, shtooruldstrbiecttlayketnhitso icsoviner cthluadnedmeindictihnee, fitddbeolifevepsytlcihaot loigt ywriallthbeer tahpeplfyunctltiieosne otfestthse pwerhsiocnhnelshdoeupladrtminecnltudtoe apsygcrhooulopgiocafl teasctstiotnos cooxnmtroaln, thsuechTaarsioants tceisnitoino)n,ermeaoctitoionn, thimonee,smtyemanodry,tesmpepeedraomf ednet. Ttehstiss caonudld tbraedefoltleoswtsed<obythmaetntbael fcoarpeactihtey pinadrtivmidenutal thise {ermespelnotyemd etnot thdievismioendichaal sdea cfaapiraccitoynctoeprttihone joobf stehleectiendd.ividual and his colmamethntis thcoant neactiyoena,r itagios aintneruemstbinegr o)of tteostdsetwereminme ardeeacatitonthteim"eCaatnedrpiiltlsarr"elaptliaonnt tino afcactiigduenet acnadusathtieonpaarntdthparotdfuacttiigoune. pDlauyrs cinaglledthe'`saecctiedsetnst ipt rownaes gfroouunpd," thalasto thImeoswonadsefitnhitee "srleopweiantgersc"f irneacintidounstrtyim, eshionwecdoma pthaorsiseonintdoivnidorumalasl. suItffewrainsgalsforosmhowchnrothnaict dtiiosneatsiemse,renvaetaulreadllya sdneafkiinnitgethaebmnosermlvaels mreoacre susceptible to accidents. eleImt wenotuarlyd aifppIedararatstothosupgeahkIoafmthbeetcyopmeinogf pdhetyesrimcailnaetxioanmsi,naatniodnsstnilelceIssabrya*vefobreepnropreer p(heeatepdhlyysichaol cekxedamainndatiaosnhsa,mite*dthoefy smomaye obef icnadlluesdtrysuecvhe,n tthodaat ya. still being made in teeItfh, yaourapcidon"soidnecrc-oaveQr"uiocfk thloeockheastt, atnhde athecnougthhinfkor oaf htehreniaf,alaseprsoepmereexoafmsiencautiroitny, aurnedelrabworhinicgh. bTohteh eemmppllooyyeerr tealnlsd theme pwlooyrelde wmoitnheygrteoatdepterirdmeintehaatndhemiasinstpaienndthineghgeoalotdh ovifduhaisl aetmeprSloytehee, arancdksthoefutnhfeorsteulneactteuinnddeir t1h"ephteyrsriicballe cdoenlduistiioonn, twhahtenheheismiany "bAe sXuof. ifpejriisngorfronmumseyrpohuislis,ddeifaebcetstesw, heiacrhly aturebehrcauz- eamrdpoluosyeet.o Ibt owthouhldimhsaelvfe abneden hfiasr fbeelltotewr mifadneo. examination whatsoever had been doIthbeedlieovnelythmat neaatcuhrei'sndgivaridbuaalndshoguivldenbae ctoomtopele, tefolplohwyseidcalbyexaamblionoadtiotnest,fruormineheaand paliyllsairs" ahnadsaitcsomowplnetelaebyoeracthoercyk.wThheere"Cblaotoedr, uthrienedaentedrmoitnhaetrioensseanntdial bteestttesramreenmt aodfe fthoer employee's health. anIdn gceonnenreacltipohnyswiciatlh eoxuarmilnaabtoiorantso,ryft twesatss ionrtienraeisytinfgindtoingnsotienthfarotmthefroeurw eto fpivoesitpiveer cinecnltudoedf tthhee fiinnddiivnigdsuaolsf eaxlbaummineend,. suTghairs, pwuhsicahndwonuulmdernoautsuroaltlhyerpirnecsiednetnttahlemfinsdelinvgess Iinsstaanrcoeutiinnewuhricinhe thanearelyswise. Xuorwinairny'efvinerdy icnognsd,ititohne biyndthiveidpulaalntwphasysiicnifaonrmoredtheofmehdis ticoalhisdirfaemctoilry adnodctoarskfeodr ttroeaptmreesnent tanhdimthseelnf athrreee-cmhoecnkthsw. as made withm a period of ouTrt rwouastinaelsoKainhtnerteessttisngsytpohniloistewtahsatfowuinthd iesxaampipnreodx.imIattehlyastwbeoenpeorucreactonovfictthioen mfeonr tcheeptapbalset ffoourr iynedaunstrtyh,atprsoyvpihdielidticsthaeyre aarce tnhoetymprethseentconnotagnieouursolostgaigceasl saynmdpptormovsi.deAd dinedfiinviitdeuarlouistininefoirsmefodllothwaetdheinmwushticohbttahine tpreeraitomdeonft 7f2rowmeekhsi,s anfadmtihlyat doonccteora mfoorntha mheenmtufsrtopmrestehnet aattselinpditnogthpehmyseidciiacnal tdheaptahrte ipslectoionntinoufingthheistrtereaatstmnoeinttst.heA fitnedrivthideuaclomis checked every six months. The Human Side of Safety 1&3 weT ocodnaltee,ndthisthpaltan thheassebeienndisvuicdcueaslssfulshaonwd tnhoanhingohremrala,ccfitdeinst alrtateimoproratbasnetntteoe mreantedlieofneethefroeunthdatduthriengmpohstyscicoaml mexonatnpuhayisioicnasl itshaitnfiencdteudstrtyeetmhuastndatgteummpst, atond soIlvbeelitehvise cparotebdlemandinmsoadmee cwonayscisoousthaotf mtheen faarcet etdhuat itnofenctuemderteoeutsh adnisdabgiluitmiess cwonhtircihbutoeccgureratliny their future. whWerce mXa-irnatyainexoaumrinoawtinonXs -raarye daeppaartrmi eonft jtehcetedextaomainadtuiosnty oofccuepvaetriyon.indFiuvridthuearlmsourbe, al bperloiepveer tchoantsuelaticnhg instdaufsftrys*o shthoautldexhtarvae aonrddintahrryoatp,rogbelneimtos, usriuncahrya, soretyheo,peedairc, s naonsde desetrymattoolobogtyhcapsaerstiems.ayNboe smolevdeicdalwditihrehcotonr, tihnismdyayoapnindioang,eiasndabsleolvtoe asltlaondf tahleonmeedin ical problems of industry. tioWnsh?aItsisitthtoe pduertepromseinoefapnhdystiocaalcceexpatmoinnaly those who have no physical defects? theNoa,nswfreorm5 aadlheusms.aniPtahryiasincalsteaxnadmpoininat, taiiodnsi.n tthhaet fiixsopl rdee-etemrmplionyamtioenntoefxmamanin'satpiolancse, mtagiionudsusatnryd, cdoismcmovuenrictahbelepdriesseeanscees, othfe'creobny dperoteteccttimngentthale apsedrsopnhnyeslicaallredaedfyecetms pwlohyiecdh,, wfuhleenmrpelmoyeedei.ed, make the individual a use gaPniecrioddisiecaasle,exoafmteinnaptiroenvsenrteveepaidl eemairclsy, orer dpurocdeucatcicoindeanntds asenrdveacsreaasgeuiedfeficfieoarQh*eaalnthd edduuccteadtionm. edAicapl rodpeepralyrtmaenndt hboeoccosmtJyes cothsepifeathteeswt ogrokoedr iwsilalssaumrebdassthadaot rhiisn pirnodbulesmtrys aanrcd rethceaitveaddvwicieth Issymalpwaatyhys agnivdenconffoidrenbcies betterment a Wphhyasitcaalr^e sttahnedpcoauinste?s Hfoerrerewjeectiaorne fcroonm pfrroonbtleedm wanitdh oanesewrhioicuhs manudst fhaer driesaccuhssinedg wceiptht tchoemfpalentethfraatnpkhnyessisc.alInedxaumstirnyamtiounsst aarce anpoptlicmanatdse. Ttoherreejeacrte tshteill lseosms-tebainnd-puesrtlreiecst ttohdisays,tahnodwaerdv,erm, tuhcaht taorethfeaisrtlydismcariendtiati,nifnogr pasrimlarmy einntsitoinnecdts pisretvoiocuasrley,foornheimofselmf aann'ds uhpisondespoecniedtyentfso.ranhdis nloivteltiohoobde. dIepdeondneontt halolldofthtahte adneyfeocntieveinwduorsktreyrs,shbouutldceermtapinlolyy iitf tshheoyuladrebenowt iallcicnegpttaoblaecacsepetmiptslosyheaerse,,thfeoyr aatrieonp.aiMd afnoyr, mweinthoanudt rwetoumrne,n bhyavseocpiahlystiacxal dneoftepctrsevwenhticthhemarefrcoomrrebcetcaobmleinogr uwsehfiuclhandod efirdat workers. jecNtiionnetsys-nhionueldpfearll cuenndteor fthtehefololouwtriingghtforuer classifications: dis1e.aAsecsu--tethisconlitsatgioisusenadnledss cobmutmuinncilcuadbeles sinuchthdeisecaosnetsagaisouasctivsetagtuebse, rcmulioesoisio, usysphainlids co2n.taHgieoaurst ddeisremasaetitiws,ithgodneocrorhmepae,nseattcion or wtioitnh wfionudlidngcsauthseatsweroiouulds einnddicraetseultthsa. t exer ttm3s.ioKnidannedycdiricsuealasteoraycccohmanpgaen.ied by hyper- 4T.hUe nrceomtareinctianhgleonveisipoenrarcyendtefweicltls.call for atalthaobunsoarnmdalvitayr,iohuesrndieafsecutnsdienrclcuedritnagin mcoenn ditAiolnlos,wartthheritaipsp, laicdavnatncweidthdihaibsetceos,rreetcct.able dsteafnedcitnsgtotheastterheemmpluosytmceonnt swuiltth hthise utansdtielry phhisysgiceinaenraalndhemalathk.e eMvearkyeehffiomrt rteoaliimzeprtohvaet ihtimis stohlveehhoinsepstroebflfeomrt. oMf aikneduhsimtryfetoel hthealpt tthhee cmomedpiacnaly'sd,epanardtmtheantt iinsduhsitrsy*ashawsemltadaes asicfiraine,ndwhoof hthimen acsawn eblle aosftheins cfaamlleildy upphoyn to give his cooperation in the future. is.A"Hproowblemmucwhhiochf othfeteninfporremsaalttisonitsoeblf tfaayintehde fmroamn'sphsyuspiecravliseoxra?mHinoawtionshsoiusldneietdebde imIptaritsedmtyo tohpeinsiuopnervthisaotr?t*h*e only informa tiisonthtahtatwhisichimwpoilrltanptrotfeocrt tthhee siunpdeivrvidisuoarl and his fellow workers, facts which are 184 28th National Safety Congress einssgenotfialhetaolthth, eanpdretsheersveatsiohnoualdndbemaaidntiareinct cvoismorm. un1icaamtionstrboentwgleyenomf etdhiecalopainndionsupthear-t mmeeddiiccaall rdeccopardnsmaerneLtheThsoisle fparcotpesrhtyouoldf thbee Timhperepssheydsicoiann ewvheroy hiansdidveidscueanldeedxamtointehde. oloiweast rreajencktsioins hscehewmheo wpeilrlpebtercaotemde abypaarnt ethmeplnoeycmesesnatrydeipnatertsmtineanlt fthoarttitufadiels ttoo ehaarnv*e through its own problems. theEvpelnantthophuygshicitahnes mareediceamlpldoiyreedctobry adnide cotimllpdaoneys annodt apltaeidr tbhye fthaen ctohmatpatnhye, inthdiis vniidtyuably ikseesptiilntgcisteicfireedt thtoe bmoadiyntiatli*n tohiswhdiicgh hthee misedsiucbaljepctreodfe. ssiTohneapcpoldiees eoqfuaellthyictos ionf dmuussttrybaes rwemelelmabserperdivathteatpriafctitchee. mItedaiclsaol dpelopyaertemtehnet inissutroanbcee arnedspcelcatiemd dbeypatrhtemeenmts sdheoteurlmd ineixnpgescptecoifniclylosasnanhdotneemstporreaproyrttotainl diability. in Itthies apawsteltlhkenopwhynsicfaiacnt thhaast mbeaenny ctiamlleesd usppeocnifitco lloowsserctoenmtrpaorryary*otohtails dioswabnilihtyonaensdt oinpdintKiotnry. , yIofutchains epxrpaecctitcethecoenmtpinlouyeese isnooanneyr aonr lahtoenrestot freeetlurtnhatfehre iisnjnuortiesbeinregcegiivveedn, tmhraonuyghtimneesglnigoetnctheroounghthehispaorwt noffatuhlet, ebmut ployer or the fellow worker. supWeervhisaovremaalsyo rmeqauienstat inaepdhyasircualle etxhaamt iannya* tIifonheonobasenryveosfantheinmdievnidumal hwishodseepaprrtmodeunct. itlilonheiasltbhe,lohwe ipmamr eodriawtehlyo caaplplseatrhse tomebdeiainl dtoepaarptpmeeanrt faonrdathpehyisnidciavlideuxaalmiisnarteiqoune.steInd oihrig*anwicaydiwsecasaer,e tooftceonrraebclte thtoisddeteefcetcteaarnlyd hwaivtheotuhteloinstditvimideu.al continue his employment weInhacvoensciadlelreidngupmonanp'serspolancneel inandindsuustprye*r, cvoismiopnletfeorouguridparnocbelemandthaessissatafnetcye, dbeuptartto mhaenndt. with its engineer must join hand in taiWn ejombsusrteqnuoitrefacilerttoainrecreoqguniissietesthaats cfearr iass ctohneceprhnyedsi.caEl vmenakger-aunptionfg tthheat inthdeiviidnudail avnidduaml enhtaasl rebqeeunireampepnrotsv,ewd easstiltlomaupsttitruedce iongdniivzieducael'rstailnimfitaacttioorns ownhaichspcecoinfitcroljobev. ery earFloyrinincrsetaansecde, lainneairndmivairdkuianlgswohfo thperescihmesut wa ofuoldundnroyt bweoprkaertri;cuolarrlayn reicnodmivmideunadledwhaos sshuoreworaevteenndefunncyctitoonwaal rhdesarhtigdhisebaloseo,dwporuelsd nTohtisbewroeucoldmmalesnodebdetoapwploierkd intohicgrhanpelacoeps. ebreateoxrsp.ecPterdecitsoionhawveorakerkseewnouelydesnigahtutrahlulyt owfouslodmneotinncaepceascsiatartiliyng bpehyresjieccatledcobnedcitaiuosne aAnnd insidniuvsiduinaflescutisocnesptiabnlde tborofnrecqhuiteisntwcoouldlds nWoetldbiengrehcaosmbmeceonmdeed aapsoiantsopfrayconptaeinnttieorn. dwuirthingthetheadpvaesntt soevferlaeladmedontchtese,l.esspoecitahllayt noantugruaallryd tahse tmo etdhiecatlydpeepaorftmmeennt aschcoeupltdabblee for this work. ofTuhsisthpearftaiccutlathr apthtahse< mimedpirceaslseddepuaprotmn eanltl mjoubstopheavraetioantheoxrpoeucgtehd konofwtlehdegeindoifviedaucahl hbyiretdhe.omtehdaictallimdeitpaatirotmnsenmt aayndbethreecnogunnizesod philacefedllothwatwhoerkiesr noortthae beumrpdleonyetro. hfmc(f, in Wineduasretriaallt apwroacreessoefs.thMe eccohnasntainzatticohnanhgaess nboigt, obnulyt* ittenhdaesd, atoswwaredsallmakknionwg, liinttclreeamseedn upnroitduccotsito.n Bweictahusteheofretshueltalnotwelorwperriicnrg foofr wofhicthhe mAamcheirniceasnarpeubsliocldt,odaaygTucsaei simrtetcohn avnoitseerddaeyquwipemreendt ontoe bdyo hthaend.tasTkhse wchyicclhe qiuaitecloliskeedlyaffbaeir yboeucaruseemopuloryceeusstoamnedrsywouilrt caunsdtosmoeorns awdillthbjfeafsJotrmme. onSeo rfirsoem's ethmeplsoayfeeetys tshtaantdypoouinrtp, rinodmucytimoninedngitiniseehriingghldyeapdavrtimsaebnlet The Human Side of Safety 185 fseucltkinoguftrothme tbhaesiucsecaoufseysooufr parcocidduecntts?.- re meWthiothds,thwehicinhc,retoaspedut uitsebrioefflym, eischaandizriefdt tfhr oa mt sibmr apwlynt hteo pburracihna, siet oi s f a r epaideicl e y ap 01 pe qarueinpt mgivenetadnoyesasnsoutraninceanthyatwaity,wsilhlapbee ooprerfaotremd bperoenperdlyes.igTnhedis pwieicthe oaflleqsuaifpemtyenptrmecaayuthioavnes ntaoktenhaivneto. cIonnstihdeeralatitotner, aenadse,agyaoinu isthomualdy eaditdhietironrsejetoct atchciosmemqoudipamteenotr otor omfafskeet aannyy uconnsatrfoel:fahcotowresv. eTr,hmisarneapgreemseenntst mmuanstaggeomoennet isntefpracfatirothnerprtoogsreacmtshaatreproinpsetirtutrteadin. ing and ya.rAd cllaabssoicrerexwamIjoplefowrmouerldly behatnodleexdpeccatsta tihnges,caebtcofbay cmraanneuaalftmeretahofdesw, mtoumstbepledinotor pVr-imntyedofinsntrsuchtaiovnes leaanrdneddothraouggohodtrajgoibc. ecaxspeeriethnecemtheant trheipsladcoecd* anroct wunofrikt. frIonmmatnhye mtioenntaolf smtaencdhpanoiicnatl teoqutiapkmeenotv.erButhtethoepfearcat preominat.infsa tmhautstfrboemabasorhbuemd:anwitearciaannnosttaenxd poeucrtcuslolms.e other industry to take over all relSaotiofnrsomit abesctoamndepsoiinmt poefragtiovoedthinadtusgtrreiaalt efeffcotirvtebetraminaidneg toanrdehaebdiulcitaattieo,nathl romuegthhodesf, ethffeeccthaangtrianngsiotifotnhebyemgpeltotiynege'sthoisutleomopkl,oaynede to use more brains and less brawn. attAenntoiothneris tfhaectionrcrewasheidchusedeosfertvoexsic scpheccmia-l deeaatl*.i* Fkrnoomwnaoflothgiecaelffescttanodfpovianrtiouas gtorxeaict pdroospeerctioeospeorfatdioifnfewreintht stuhbestmanecdeisc.alTdhirroecutgohr ttohres.safeHtyo*weenvgeirn,eebrehathsalteaarnseditomf tahye,semfaancy ttiimreelys othneexsiasfteintyg edqeupiaprmtmeennt tanfdunvcetiroynsofteenn issignneodt haywathree oprfodthuectieoqnuidpempaenrttmbeneitn. gTdheis imsanay vsearfye*tysperroiogurasmfsa.ult ami i found in beThgeivseanfetycodnespidaretrmateionnt shwouhledrebyaanllymenaenw* pmore* are being considered. If this i< dinoanteeda bgerceaautsedeanleocefsstraoryublveenctainlatbioenelaimnd oditahteerlyS,aftehtyu*s depvreicveosltcinang bteheinsftiarslltedacicmidmeent iwnrsittetaedn oofn tthoexisceccohnedm.istVryo*luimn eisndhuasvterybbeeunt trhecet fmacetth.otdilsl rmemusatinbse tuhsaetdvbeeryforseimtphlee,edmi psalofeyteye. can be assured of any degree of maAttneorthheorwthohuigghhlty tmo eccohnasniidzeerd isanthoapternao tmioanchminaeylebaev.etsheorfef acnodmemsaanupaolinlatbworhecraerrtihees oshna. kAe-ocluats.sicCeoxraemprloesiinsst,hemaovuerldaignegfofulonodrrsy, opfouIrnidnugstrsitaaltioenngienqeueripinmgeannt dayreet atlhle mshoadkeels ocruotssstbaetitownesenquaitgealloeyft*enslarveeminhidp aonnde eoafrlya tiorrigsaayti.onthemreethisodrsooomn ftoher iKmiptero. veNm'ceendtlesa*t this point. chiTnhee. aussewoefll parsoteocntivtheedeemvipcleosyoeen, thhaesmrea sulvteerdityinofgraecactliydernetsd.ucTinhge tCheonnvuenmtiboenr Eanxd hloigbitoHf atlhlesaet tdheivsicCeso.ngWreses aisll aknliovwingsacfaetlay tgoolgegraletes aredgurecaet odueraleoyfe aeragsuems.enMt arneygaordfinugs t-haefetwyeagroingggleosf atrheis leeqftuipinmethnte, atonod) ibtoxtehseitnostfeaacde woifthbaanngeywe porronb, lewmv. soon come face tecTtihoen sdameveiceasp.pliWeshtiole thteheresfpilitreartormy*ayprboe mWadpeerpraecetnitcalelfyficnieonnt,-optheeratdiveevicbeecmauasye obef loancktheofpamrtaionftetnhaenecmepoloryeae.stubborn attitude proMteacntyiondetvoicethsehbavoedyb,eseunchmaadseatporofnu*rnainshd ohafntdhephadasndasnadndglaorvmess. toTrhethme ucphrotceucstsioend amnadrkadbislceusjsoebd insaftehtey Rsihmoiexniia<tngdouinfgtoae rine ijnurineas.tureA,llhathveesefixdeedvicliems,itabteiionngs. inTanhiemaetfe dfeecvtiicveesneisss doerterrmanigneedofbylimthietatdioeng*reeofotfhein telligence that the employee applies. -aQieutyitedevoifcteesn isthoef aemnpalo*yiveee'snarteuarcet.ioTnheto tshaefettyhoduegvhicteosfarseafpehtyy.sicOanl emoafnitfheestathtiooungshotfs Metals Section Officers 1938-1939 CViecnet-rCahiaCirhmaeirnm--aHn--. JM. eGlrlsfEtc.thT,rJaansueiszl&l,LRauepguhblilnicSSteteeellCCaropi.p, *PiAttslabbuarmgha, CPat.y, Ala. Sebcurergtahr,yPaan. d N e vs Letter Editor--Irvin A. Brixkicax, Mackintosh-Hemphill Co., Pitts* CoCnhteicsat gCo,omInmd.ittee Chairman--XL. J. Stocks*, Tb YouagttowTi Sheet & Tube Co* East FEonugnindereyrinCgomCmomitmteietteCehCaihramiarmn--an}--. AL. HC.olFteorng;usNona,tiRoneaplubRliacdSiatetoelr CCoorrpp** CJolehvneslatonwd,nO, hPiao.. MHeeamltbherCshoimp mCitotememCithteaeirmChaani--rmDaan.--AH. .G.HK. Hugocnxiy,, InOltainsdSSteteelelCCoo*., QInedvidaanaadH, aOrhbioor., Ind. PProosgterramCoCmommitmteietteCehCaihramiramn--anF--eeJdohEn. WP.aOu'lRoCuarmke, gBiee-tIhllleinhoeims SStteeeell CCoor*p*SPpaitrtrsobwursghP,oPinat.. PuUbdli.city Committee Chairman--Emu. Fylo. Carnegie*lUbuns Steel Corp* Chiogo, DL RaCihor,aPyulClmaranB. uCihldiceargso,C1o1mL mittee Chairman--P. J. Bkascp, Pollman-Standard Car Xiig. MStaemtisbteicrss aCtoLmamrgiett--ee Chairman---X. B. MacH ose, Bethlehem Sted Co., Lackawanna, X. Y. **FC. MG..BAelelxenrr,rT, hTehAe mBuecrikceayneRSotelleilnCg aMstiilnlgGsoC*oM* iCddolluetmowbuns,,OOhhiioo.. GR. AA.. BBlevvnoo,oC, Hen.trHal. TRuobbeerCtsoo*nACmo*brAidmgeb;riPdag.e, Pa. "RE.. AF.. BClhaanjkti,nJ,oCneosnt&ineLnatuagl hSltmeelSCteberlpC*oKrpo*koPmitots,bIunrdg.h, Ta. JH..EM. .CCcruoixgreavx,,BInetlhalnedheSmteeSlteCdo*CEo*asBt eCthhliechagemo,,IPnad.. *MH.. WW.. DDaurxkc,oBree,thBleehloeimt ISratnedWCoor*ksJ;oBhneslotoitw, Wn,UP.a. JBo.hTn-*PD.yEei,aR, eApmubelnicoSnteSelteCdo&rp*WWiraenCeos*, OChhiioc.ago, 111. *GE.coArcEe Tm.sF,oWschaee, lWingdrStoteudSCteodrpC*oW* hWeeelsirntgo,nW, W. .VVa.a. JE..PE..GGartehezsxeu,mT,iGmrkemat RLoakDeesr SBteeaerlinCgorCpo*l,ECcaonptoen, ,MOihchio.. "HS..EG..HHaowcesias,,TMhaecYwohuyntegsCtoo*wKn eSnhoesehta&, WTius.be Co* Chiogo, 111. WW.. AJ..HJ aorosfies,. CChhaassee BBrraassss SSttCCooppppeerr CCoo** CWleavteelrabnadr,yO. Chioon.n, FJo. bAs*. PL.aLueeromnaarxd,,RBelpauwb-lKicnScoteedCoC*oPrpi*ttsCbhuircgahg,o,P1a1.1. DP.. RV.. MMcmM.auhtro,xI,nSteurplaekrieorIrSotneOd rCeoCrpo*rpC*aCrnheigciaeg,oP,aI.II. **JJ.. AA.. NOoarrttehxw*oCoaor,nBegeiteh-lIelhlienmoisSStetdedCCo*orSpp*aPrriottwsbsuPrgoihn,t,PMa.d. CH. SL..PRfoligteUrBs,,SRheefvfeierledCSotpepdeCr o&rpB*raKsas,nsIanse*CRityo.mMe,oN. . Y. H. L. Rebrasster, Wheeling Sted Corp* Wheeling, W . Va. 407 40S 2Slh ATafioudf Safety Congress ^HRo, bSe.rStnLtvsoSsc,hCmaittetr,pLilolaurisTvlrUacctoCraCroW.. Pheeodria&, ffRf.ailway Supply Co., Louisvftle, Kv, J. A Voss, Repubh'c Steel Corp,, Geveland, Ohio. *P jt General O a fn n u Officers 1939-1940 Gy ietnet-rCht aCirhmaiarnm--anl m--Hs .AJ. BGuamraqrmiaiK. ,JMonaecsk&mtLosabu-gHhelinnpShnteieCl oC.,oPrpit.,tsPbiutrtsgbhu,rPgah., Pa. SeCcrheictaargyo,alncdd.News letter Editor--H. J. Spoebol. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., East ContTe.st COo.mAmbimtteset--mxNg., BW. eMstaincgHhooSuse(CElheacitrrmica&n),MBfegt^hjlCehoe^mSpSrtieneglfiCeold.., LMaacsksa.wanna, K. Y. EngiFne, eJr,iCngokCroomy,mUitnteioen--CHarbAi.deBCnot.,aN(iCaghaariarmFaanll)i,, CXe.nYtn. ! Tube Co-, Ambridge, Pa, \BV..TA..D/ vaes.mRse. pCuhbalisce SBtreaeslsC&orpC.,o' pWpearrrCeon*, OWhaiotcrbury. Conn. FounHd.ryS.CSotsmtrmsoitxte, eC--atJe.rpHil.laHr oTlrzabcotcor(CCoha. iPremoarnia),, 1C11h.ain Belt Co., Milwaukee, Wi#. HealDthr.Cjo. mHm. iCttheiev--erDs.aT. hAe. CGr.aKneamCmoeHrC(hCichaagior,m1e11n.), Inland Steel Co., Indiana Harbor, Ind. MemDberr.sThi.pLCyolme mHiattzelee--ttJL. WAesEtinllgihso(uCsehaEirlmecatrni)c, W& hMeelgin. gCSot.,eeElaCstorPpi..ttWsbhuereglhin. gP,a\.V. Ya. JC. MA. BBbuovoektsti,.MHi.ehHle. RPoribnetrintpgenPCreos*s A&rnMbrfigd.gCe,oP*aQ. iicago, 111 PottCer DC.oDmomuvitrtoeReT--HJ..APla. nGWatohoedrScvtee(lCChoa,,irmCanns)h, oGbroecaktenL,aPkae.s Steel Corp, Ecorse. Mich. ProgJroahmn PC.omLemoisttaereo--, HBalauwl-KFnyloexxC(oC*hPaiitrtmsbaunr)g, hC,aPmac. gie*IllinoU Steri Corp., Chicago, 111. fW. .EJ..CHuoloufkze,yC, hBaestehlBerhaesms &SteCeol pGpoe.r, BCoe.t,hClelheevmel.anPda,. Ohio. PublDic.itVy.CMomedmaiuttee.e--InHte.rLHak.eHIqrornyO(rCehCaairrpm-,anC)h,iOcatgiso,S1t1e1e.l Co., Cleveland. Ohio. EI.. A. CGorLeTeaniKt,,TTihme kNdatRioonlalelrRBaedaiaritnogr CCoo,, JCoahnntosnto.wOnh,ioP.a. RoCihoe.,oPyuCllmaranB,uCilhdiecrasgoC,oImIImittee--P. J, Brand (Chairman), Pullman-Standard Car Mip. StaPtoisitnitc.sMCd.ommittee-- J ohn1 P . 0 `R ockk (Chairman) , Bethlehem Steel Co.. Sparrow CH..SL..PRhoiugeurvss..SRheevffeiereldCSotpepelerC&orpB.,raKsas.nsInacs_CRityo,mMe.oN. . Y Mem*Cb.eMrs.aAt Lllaerng*.eT--he American Rolling Mill Co., Middletown. Olito. *EF_. FC. BBLenttMn'ORTJ,oTnehse &BuIc.akuegyheUSnteSelteCelasCtionrgps, CPoit^tsCboulrugmh.buPsa,. Ohio. RH.<AM..CChfacoftftiinA,sC, IonnltainndenStateleSltCeeol.,CEoarspt,CKhoickaogmoo, ,InIndd. . HM,. WW.. DD\lk*kiitk.hBcfc,thBleehloeintiISrotenelWCoor.k. Jo, hBnesltooitw, n\V, PKa. *JIIo.SH*. PF.atEWmf,iOANm, eRriecpaunblSicteSelte&el WCoirrpe,,CCo.l,evCehliacnadg,op,h1h11i.. GS.cEot.cHp aTw. kFeos.v.dMa,acWwchyrttoenCSot,eeKltmCoo.s.hWa,eWirtior.n, W. Ya_ **FH..AG.. LH.uetxrsmQahnT*,hReeYpuobulniegsStotewenl CSoherpet, C&hTicuabgeo,C1o11... Chicago. 111. Metals Section 409 *.Kl. AR..VAofcrftAhHivOm.va, SBueptehrlieohremSteSetleeCloCrpo.,,, CSapraniergoiwe,fP'ao.int, Ml. HJ..AL. OHAetururaf,fiCcasr,nWegWie-ImllienoSisteSelteCeloCrporpWhPeiettlsinbgu,rg\Vh.. VJ`aa.. KJaocboebktULR. tSoctshcocxt.t,InLlaonudisSvitleleel CCaor WEahseteCl h&icaRgaoi,lwInady. Supply Co Louisville, Ky. *MM. cAl.lVEo.aTs.mRhekpuobLliicRSetepeulbClicorSpteeCl lCevoerplandA,lOabhaiom. a City. Ala. #PFuut cCooEc.oWl Oabmli,noClao*rnegic-lUmow Steel Corp-, Pittsburgh. Pa. MONDAY AFTERNOON SESSION O cto b er 16,1939 waTshecalflierdst tosesorriudnerobfythGeenMereatlalCs hSaeircmtioann MpucblllicEL.STterealmmCeolrlp, oSraatfieotny, SAuplaebravmisaor,CRitey, Alabama, who presided. Chairman Traxn- dmudrilngmathdee paarrtcjywenar,oetspSeccritailoltytalmeaenrtivioi!n?in.*g tthheen wpororkceeodtedtlfwcithvatrhioeusschceodmulme iottfeefo, ramnadl Taper, as follow*: Coordination of Engineering and Safety By J. M. HASSLER District Chief Engineer, Republic Steel Corporation. Birmingham, Ala. strEennggitnheserionfg mfuantderaimalen. talElyngiisneebrastedliaovne mfaemanosusth"aFt aicftoar looatd Fiis%*1c,.0"00Tphoiusndssi,majnildy aleacrenretadinthaantalaysissqustaereel winicllhsucpropsosr-tseacdtieofniniotef . sfeocrtitohne sstpeealn mneeemdbeedr,wtihllenreiqtusihreouald10ticpobuunildt linocardeaosefs,cetrhtaeinlofaudsedthaspt anthse. mAsemtbheer swpailnl ofifvethteimfeosolassthstartonwgillorcoaxsnebaiglo. ntgo atankdepelaacrer earn* decrease;. Engineering today, other than research, is five times the load limit on it. You have seen bridges that have sign ainn iet xwachtatsscoieevnecre,. TFalicetrse airse nkonogwuena-nwdorikf oSntantdhebmy t"hSaatfseamLeoabdridLgiemfiot r FaivwehiTleonan.d" utrsoeudblew.ith discretion will keep one out of iwgnatocrha.nt Sinodoinviduaaltchoomugehstalelossn,g wdoitnh'ta cloaraed, ougAhfltyerprsotrveendgthasndofthme aetexraicatls lowaedrethialitora- obrfidgpero. baAblsy a 13rulteonhsv agnedls rusanfselyovaecrrotshse. mfoeummblerhvwobuiltdterj-uepxppoenriewncaes, ktninowt nt,hiist wwaas not enough. Tlioughtlc* ]hcr<sU'. would The "Factor of Five" ha< saved his hide. safBeatysi.calTlyhet-ivigeiriyicvrfionugndIaStiocnorraenldatebdreawditthh eMxitteutnvtd thfoer haadtl.criMgnoevdingdealdoadlosadwearieni -uthhe* design failed. Tlu. was nut because of oEfngeinngeienreserginugard*uacgceasi<itstis fabialsuerde uvusithsatihceUir. knowledge--v*l bv yue*--uurk. They kftuu lfeafu^lntycfsenogfinaenerinindgiv, ihduutalftihecaatuwscasofuntflaiomuiglhiat-r with the basic law* of engineering. lw*ohaittivcwtyindwlltoialdloawdisll wdeilvlelboep ituppceurrtiaeidn. velocities, w-hat shocks of moving or live ingThpirsofceosnsdioitnionthedevoerliogpineadtiomn thoef etnhgeinneoewr Immarkie twheilitr sdtoru. ctTuirneysakfen.ow what to do |n 1/2 28th National Safety Congress atenrdmsienactetdh.at the tubes are properly rolled firWesi'hdee, iint spisectaibnsgolsuttrealiyghntetcuebsseasryiroton otbbesbeyrvcearthefeuellnyd loofoekaincgh tuupbeb.eTtwheiesncatunbbee rdoownes tfiroonmbtyheloobkoitntogmdoawndn wrehpeenatienxgamthieninogpetrhae tbuobtlecr.enAdliyfrcoomllectthioen uopfpaesrh,pasossoetsoor foththeer mtesatteroifal tahet tusubsepeecntedds caarlelas. foTrhais cmomayplebtee aticocnomispmlisahdeed fbroymustihneg fairebsaidreiof fthteheinbsopielecr oanr dbyhacmarmefeurllytesloticnagtinthgrothueghsusthpeectteudbetucbaeps htroalmes. thWe hweanteevrersidtee,stiitn. gis simusppoercttaendt ttoubbees aobnseolcuhtaetlywsausreobtsheartvetdhetotubbee tdeestfeedctiivse thoer rtieoqnuiwrinags mexaadme ionnatitohne, fwirheseindet.he examina waIynscboenacrluinsiomntnmd:aintenance men should al boti.leTrsheclenaenceasnsidtydoryf akseeapinsgafeatlyl apnadrtsefofif cniaennccey wmilelabseurme.orTehtehancopstaidoffotrhibsymthaeinrtee dthuectisoanfeitny roepf aairlleopnaratsndofthetheassbuorialnecrse osof maintained preZveTnut btehse schoorurlodsioalnwathyastbies rsoullreedtotigohctcutor if leakage is present at tube ends. pre3s. sWurheetnesttubsehsoualrde binestaapllpeldieda htoydbreostsautrice tha4t. Tthueberucbaepss,hamreanbeaenndphroanpderlhyoilnestpallalteed. most be maintained tight to prevent leakage. jih5e. rVcaolvnneecgtliaonndssm, ustsetaamlwapyipsebejotiingthst aanndd sbhooiluelrdsnetetvinegr ober apneyrmpiattretdotfoalebaokileur.pon a be6.keTphteinstrruecptauirressohtohuastinsgtorbmoilewratesrhowuilldl nbootilelreapkarttsh.rough on boiler felting or other ta7c.kBsomileursst btehaptroavriededsetwitwhitshominedipr*oMteuc*l t-ivoanckagaanidnsdtrisptoprinmg wonatebro,ilreurnpnainrgts doorwbnoitlheer tettings. be8.reAmcoclduemdul*artiorengsuolafrsaonodt afnredquaeshnt shinotuelrd vchalesc,keSdooatt brelogwulearr iinnsttearlvlaatlisontso sdheotuerlmd inbee tlheaekirageeffetchtaivt enmeisgshatndreswuhltetihnerdtahmerpeneisssanoyf heating surfaces. Inspectors should remember the following: sub1.jeActleld ptoortdioanmspnoefssbomiluesrts btehatht omroauyghblye einrvedestsigafaete, d ibfefnoerceesasabryo,ilebrricckanwobrek csohnosuildd be removed to permit such an examination. soZot AoUr sausrhf,acpeasrttihcautlabrleycomtuebecoevnedresd, wtuibthe rlaigpaimd ecnotsrroasniodn huenaldesss akreeptsucblejeacnt atnod vderryy* ex3te.rNnaelvaeprpejuadragneceas ocrocrorondtoeudr baerecaausbeyfriet, cqounetnotluyr tohfe pmlaettaledlogsets,fomlleowt sbetahdes,oreitgci.nsaol rtohsaitotnheoren msatfyrrbaceeas ctahsaet ohfadt*aengaenrouaslmcoosrt nriovremt aol rapppleaateranacned. jLuodcgaete ththee aemdgoeunot t oaf ydoenterihoarawtioann, aufntearffehcatvedingarmeaadoer suedregethoaft metal to start from. bo4il.eArsll lafvleangbeeenheesulsb,jecptaerdtictuolarsloymewhdeen tmeorivoermateiontn,a tmtahyiscpraociknt duTehitso cbrarcekatinhgingusour aslpleyctiiosnagogfraavbaoteilder bisy ndeiveermcaormksp.letTehuenitisn bevoethryinftlearnngaellyhaeneld iesxtecranraeffluyl.lyIfexeavmidiennecde obyf Cheraatciknsgios rodbrsiellrivnegditfhneeycemssuasrty.be explored oldIetr i.typIieclibeorrildersthaatndthteheopIenrsapteocrtsorsofwthhoe aarlem rcthpeon<ptrbolbelefmor ththeeyir asraefetyt*arimngostwrieth -etqautiinptmwenhtavoef dthisicsartdyepde. mWanhyilethoouusracnednstroafl hhoaidlvTl*ivelnoneexhbaeufostreed thoeuirr sinadfeustursieefsulnhea.v*e c-sounbtjiencuteedd tion theerviceeffebcotsileorsf thagate haanvde lboenmg th-eageareInaduinstrybocilaenrnootpeerxaptieocnt ttohaatppceronatrcahl atarieioetuqueipnmjoeyntunislesasppthreecipaotesdsibainlidty moafinutne. tnearniocreatmioenasnufreequtihpamt entrtilalndprreevmenotvetheequdipe- emtnipnlto>txhral.t ha* outlived its usefulness are apTprhneachpcrdobwlehmen cmamainotnenlyancbee mseunccaenssdfuilnlyctpoeocpteorra*teafpupllrye.ciate their responsibility' and Safety hupettors 173 Procurement Inspection and Service Inspection oi Respirators By W. P. BIGGS Safely Engineer* U. S, Navy Department, Washington* D. C. eitPheerrsobynaplrroevsipdiirnagtomryepanrostefcotriopnuirsifayfifnogrdtehde ofRtehsepiwraotrokresr*showueldarinnogt abpepcaorneslidTerheedypaarne aziornethoef pceornstoanmiinnahtaiolens, oinr pthroevisduirnrgoumndeainngs seamfpetloyydeer.vicTeshaendemsphloouyledr'bse dsuuptyplidedoebsy nthoet afosrcasurcpeployfinsguphpimly twhaitthisreisnpdierpaebnledeanitr offrohmis sHtoep mwuistht stehee tphuartchtahseey oafrethdeisrterisbpuirtaetdor*to. working environment. dutstt,ifprgimenaerryalclyonasgidreeeradtitohnatshinouelxdpobesugreiveton amltusetmbpeloytoeelds wwhhoenneteod uthseemt.heThreespwiroartkoer*rs. They must be educated iti their proper use tooi pthroecaeidruirnesthfeorbpreraetvheinntginzgonceonttoamainhaatrimon* --byaindcieffsiscaunltt ttansfktrtwtchtiiocha is accomplished only wfuilshdetgorebee. iHnotwheevaepr,pliidceaatiloisnticoiasthoesnee pmroa*y cedures. there will always be luxation* Classification filt.Wer.vt/ywpmeVreoslpfirialtloerr rTemy/ocv--esThbey mmeecchhaanniiccaall bweheirmeprfaocrtiocanle orerasnoont oardeaqnuoattheelyr tehfefeyctwiviell. in the afiovc situations, respirators should mttiepshoysfichayl gifeilntircatsioignniftihceancdeustf*romfamthees aoirr drawn by the individual's normal inspiration baes arengaarddjeudncetitohrersuapsplaempernimt atoryomtheearnduo<rt f>rev0 tt)on procedures. pfrhoemre.hiTs hseurruosuunadl indgesicgonntamf in*atfeidlteartmtyopse respirator is a half mask facepiece covering foRr ersepnidraetroinrsg, ibnyhadleedfinaitiironre, saprieraabnley dHeovwic*e otovear tfhieltenroinsge aenledmmenotutmh dfiorercmtlysuccohnneacstead erevsepr,irathtoersusheaasnbdeccoomnneotmatoiorne oofr t!he*eftwsopred adlisreo, lpieada, hbaalgf omracskylionrdefru;llamlthaosukgfhacitepmieacye caiballei.zedtnanodrdteor ato chonavsiedeuranbifleormexitteyntinvathrie ceolenmneecnttedonbythebrcehatehsitn, gbatduebeortoevaenfioltneritnheg noanmitnhge omf atrhkeetvaarnidousprdoevviidceesallibaatsaisppfeoarr hmeeandtinarcfourmsuaollfy acocnaspt.rucTthede ffirlotemrinag seplee tphroinrcoiupgleh* aMndnduerssetsanodfintgheodfeVtJhfef aospiemraptliinegd cnilavllry. csleoltehctnerd foelrt pmraotceersiaslesd. paper, cellulose bhyaltlhbee nuasemde.*s,methcehanfioclalol wfiilntegr tcylarssirfeicspatiiroan tor*. cartridge type respirator and airline Filtering Principles Tti primary principle of dost removal by ivsprfatorsf. Use of Respirators ;mJi>e.chicaanjictarlappfiinltge,rsfilatrpaptieoanrsortostrbaieninsgim. pIlne mure detail, air laden with dust is passed eraRledspuisrtatoorrsgaarse cnoonttroal,subbusttiatureteatohrelgpefunl adjunct. They are used cxtenMvely on job* tfhorromugnh)emha-tl*lkeofenfitnaengfliebmeresntc*riwssi-tchroesxsecdeetdo ingly mall tortuous paths in which the I*tuacnhdliansg aubsreadsivsetorbalgaestibnagt,tepryainptlactehsi.ppeiangl-. mtum oxide manufacture, welding opera ptaanrgtilceumlaenr t.miamilpeirngisemtreanptpeadn,d eaitdhheersifoany, efnay -imp! screening, or more possibly, a com tfiaocntusrpereapnadrimngeooftppaiignmtseanntsd agnladced.i,esm, aannud the like. T har most important u*e is under abrienatuinodnouobftetdhleysep.resEelnetc,trbousttatthice ienxftleunent coefs their importance has not been determined cmointtdcintitoiyn,s washerteaprcolteeacntiinogn isouretquoipreedratiinotner*, for filters m present day use. Studifc- of the comparative filtering effi sfrtcoemcfnnlagr.geafteforunbdlrays*tincga,strienmgsovin.ghovceolirnegs, ctliieantcbieosthoithvearifoilutesrifnilgleerfffiacbierniccsy haanvdetshheowren* socpreereantiiongn aanndd hmanaidnltiennganocfe mivafterpiraolce,ssainndg >pia>sUsangcce tooafir pflaorwt*iciunlcarteeasemdawttietrh-lcaodnetninuaeidr equipment. through the filter. This is undoubtedly 1/4 28th National Safety Cougren ' fceanudseindgbnydudedpioofoitio>n mo fe paanrtdiclpelsugtgriitnlig aot*f the )*ass through the filter. simOpblveiofiulstrlya,tiotnheprorevsidpeirsatiotsr pwoohircehst purtoilliezee*s t(igorneaatensdt ibtrealothwinesgt creosmisftoarntc)eatto tihnehablaegtiaonnmniinngedo fbuysteh;eatlismo ethraetqiutisrelidfef oprertihoed pisludgegtienrg ato pionicnrteawsehetrheeitreissistlaanbcoeriotuos barnedathuinncgomto fortable. Mechanical Filter Types claMsseifciheadnicinal afcilcteorr-dtaynpceerewspitihrattohres acroenvsuenbtliaotenaml actltaesrs,ifniacmatieolyn, odfusatstm, foasmphees,riacnpdamniicstus. Tehmiss cilnaspshifyisciactaiolnstoaftemaantdterpaermtibcolediseiszev,aarinadcreolnasteioqnuentotlyththee afrarcetsotirnsgthoaft htahvee paardtiicrelecst kwniothwlfeitdtegres,owf idthuisnt-tfhiletesrcinogpepohefnooamrepnraesaenndt fdiilvteisriomnaitneraiaclco.rdTahneceowbjiethcttihvee colafssthifeicastuiobn ofofrmtahteterpiasrttiocuplraorvikdiendmoorfe smuiattatbelre tfoittebrse dealt with. ingOnp'Trinnpcitpolessi,mtihlaeritpyuropfodseesiogfn athredseoptehrraete bcrlaiesfsleys, wofithreaspsiurmatomrasrywdililscubsesiopnreosfettthede essential features, uses and limitation. Dust Hesptrator meMcheacnhiacnailclayl gfielnteerradteudstdruesstpsirraetsoursltianrge pfroir amasorilliyd,fsruocmh tahsedmusetchparondicuacleddistinnttehgeravtairoinouof mpraoncuesfasecsturionfg, manindintgh.e cvoairMioruuscliionnd.ustarinadl oinpg-.ragtiroinndsi,nsgu,chhaansdlidnrgillinagn,dblparsoticnegs,sicnrgusohf trhoeckhsatnrdaltianga,ndscmreienneinragl,s;anadbraussieveofgr.inanddinogr: osttohneer paunldvergizreadnioter dcuustttiyngiliarnioduamll atseimriaillasr; operations and processes. Fume Respirators proMteecctlitoanntcafrlofmilterfufmumese orefspviararitoourss amrcetfaolsr o(urscuaarlblyontahteec)hoemf imcaeltaclso,mspuocuhndas, laeado, xmideer ccoupryper(,ecxhcreopmt iumme,rciruorny, cvaadpmoiru),m,mzainncg,amneasge, pnreosdiuumce,daluinmincuhmem, icaanltimaonndy, manedtallaurrsgeinciacl, pttroooceossfesthbey vsaupbolirmoaftiotnheoser tshuebstcaonncdeesnsoe*r gfraosmes. chemical reaction of the vapor and byFtuhmerems aalnddecsommopkoessitimonayofalcshoembeicaflorcmomed pbuosutniodns oanfdortghaenipc-amrteiatal lloor ccoommppoluentedscoamnd mpreotdaul cht ydorfidecsomthbautstiporno,duscuecha asosliddieatshyal lseealidnidteetr(aproedthuycling(prsoedleunciuinmg dleioaxdidoe)xidaen)d. Osilwicionng, taos thteetrma amnyetohyrglansiilciccaotempaonudndtsetoraf iesthtyhlesipliocsastieb,ilaintyd ohfydirnidduesstraisalsiuliscaagnee. utnhdereer cbounmditainodnsprwodhuecree athveesrey fcionme pfuomunedsof wsioliuclad. fumOewsinogr tosmtohkeeisr samreallassiazecwlahssenthfeormmeodst, dreifqfuiciureltwohfapt amrtaiycubleatteermmaetdtevrertyo daernresestfialtnedr wfaibthricsso.meTohef rteheisfuma escoinmtpheantsaaftitnegr fofarcmtoar tdiouns.terths,eywhbiecghinthteon aagcgtloams elraartgeeranpdartfiocrlmes afunmd ebsecinompearteicasuilearr tboehaavrreesInt. thZisincmaonxniedre. Mist Respirators proMteeccthioannicfarlomfiltmerismtsiasts rpersopdiurcaetodrsbyarFeprafoy-r ocouastienngamwietlh falunidd msiaUtedroiaulss, galsazpeasl,mcs,hrvoimtreic aacnidd motihsterasmpirsotducwehdobsye clhiqroumidiucmom(dpaotnineng,t dinoessignnoitficliabnetraqteuahnatirtmiefsu. l Ignasegsenoerravl,apothres omrisetxscaereed othf easpizaenioctledusisztes aranndgethethraetmeoqvuaall tbhyanresfpoirradtourstsn. iteTrhsisisisnoptarmticourlearldyiffitcruulet owtit.hsomlubatleerioalrs Itnhsaotluhbalevesoalidhigtoh plirqoupido.rtion ofOan stohleidotinhear hvaonladt,ilwe istohlvaendti,luttheesosolulvtieonnt einvapthoerataeisr farnodm ultthiemaptealryticrleesduacess itit fltooatas ciozme paopnpernota.chMinigststhoaft eoxftrtehmeerleysidsuaaill spoalird ttihceley spirzeescaailn tbhee fsoarmmeeddififnictuhlitsy mofanfniletrratainodn asCfoummbeisnoatriosnmomkeesc.hanical filter respirators are for the removal of two or more of Safety Inspectors 175 athlle ocfla&thsecscolafssmesattdeur,stas,s mduisstts,aannddmfiusmt eosf, einitihene rdesdingplryimoarrilsyim uflotarnesoiutuslayti.onTsh ewy haerree emnocoreunthtearnedc.oe class of particulate matter 1$ Uses and lim itations chaInf icparlopfieltrelyr tympaeinrteasinpeirdatoarnsdofnwa nq,uaalist*y tahnadt twesitlsl omfeetthethUe .apSp-roBvuarlearueqouifreMmeinnetss wfroinm gtihvee caodnetqaumaitneatirnegspidruastotsr,y smprookteesc,tioonr mraitsotrss foofr twhihsicthypteheayreatrheedmesoisgtnecodnvReneisepnit adnudstswtihdaetlycounsteadininsidliicvai.dual protectors from preTshenet foulsleoswionfg fairlteersotmypeeexreasmppirlaetsorosf fthoer phoroutseec-tciloenanifnrgomandsimlicaianteonranscfelitwiooorsk idnu*fa\>c: tfororimes manadchipnlearnyt-s, idnrcillluidnign,g mbnlocwlriinncg. daunsdt qtruaanrsrpioerst:inhgandrloincgk, rianckmagiinntgs,, atnudncnoenlsv,eyainndg edsupsetcyiamllyatemriaslms;alcluwttionrgksanadndpowlioshrkininggstwoniteh, intognecaisntinpglas,ces:ansdhabkliansgt ohuetlpcearssti(nagisr, sgurpinpdly rroesopmiradtuorringto bblaestiwngo)rn; inwahgenricoinlstnidreal bpluarst psuleimts.enatss, ftohlrloewshiinngg dsuoMil--cpornotdaumcisnigatefadrmgraiimn: eprroostieocntiopnrojdeuctrsin, ggrawdeinstgerannddowsotrksintogrmdrsy; sinogil.; mblioxwinigngainndsualaptpiolyninigntosilhiocomness:gglruineds; dflloinwg. sacnldeianngin, gremniogvsin; ganpdlastgerri,ndaisnhg haannd poMlisehcihnagnifcaalsleftielteetrh.respirators do not pro nteoctt bferoumsegdasfeosr asnitduavtiaopnosrw; ahlesroetahneyaisrhosuulpd aprldied pdreesvcirciebed5. necessary * meet the haz Cartridge Type Respirators coCnshiesmt oicfala scmaratlrlidcgaertridregsep-ilirkaetorpsurifuiseuraallty tpaicehceedfodrireacthlyalftomaarsdk cdaersriigend, ablythtohueghfatcheedfuirlel cmtlya,skofracmepeierecleys wsmithallcacnaisntiesrtearsttacwhietdh tmheounthopseiecaeres autstac!hfeadthaenrdexwteirnesicvleiplys.toEscsloense tsiiaglnlyedthfeoyr agrievinlogwprcoatpeacctiiotyn aggaasinmsat saktsmdoes pprhoetreecstiwonlucbhuwt owrkhmicehn mwiafyi beriethatehre pwriotdhuocuet dpiosicsoonmfaofrtteor rreapcehatreodnicextpyopseuorefsafofefctsieovneroarl thioonusrs wdhaielrye. aTdheeqiuraftieeldgeonferuas]evleienstiilnatisoitnuais pdrivoivdidueadl bpurot tewchtieorne tahgeariensits alocnaeleidzedforcoinn tamAinmanatjso.r advantage of the cartridge type aresfuplilraftaocrcspaiseccto, mbrpeaartehdinwgitthubae manadskchanaavsintegr is Abettceormvmisoionn, ucsoenveonfienccheemanicdalcocmarftorirdtge rseoslvpeirnattsorgsiviesn foorffprinoteocptieornatifornosm suvcohlatiales cepmraeyntsc,oaatinndg, odthryer csleimaniilnarg; muastienrgialrsubtbheart acorentaalisno uvsoeldatifloer porrogtaencitcioncahgemaiincsatlslo. wTchoeny cmenetlrtaintigonso f o fsualpchididegaos.re sf o ranedxaimn plme.anIny cchauesmeicdailscpormocfeosrstesanwdheproesssimblayll hlaeramks atfhteart pabrolel.onged exposures are practically unavoid foTr hwesoerkchoemf igceanl erreaslpiermateorrgsendcoy ncohtarsaucfftiecre, aallltyhoauvgahilabbylehianvitnhge pthoeckreetspoirrahtaonrgsincognftrionum tihnequniecckkly odfostihneg owfof rekqeuri,pmtheenyt aanrde manakianigd eCshceampeicaflrocmarttrhidegecornetsapmiriantoarted: aartemsotsapnhdearred. ewqhueipremelnetakosf wotorkgmaseens insucshomeasindsuulsptrhiuesr devioexryided,aycholocrciunrereonrceasm. mTohneyia aarrec ucsoemdmfoonr aat-wthideepveaelriinegtyoof fondiiosncosminfocratninnginogpfearcattoiorniess, caonudrsper,otietctimngustfrobme nuanudseerasttionogdodtohrast. tOhef cehmeemrgiceanlcyodretvriicdegseandreasrpeirnaotot rasdeqanraete nporno tiescsteiorvnedfobrytthhee cfiaenldistoefr geamsemrgaesnkc.y use that Airline Respirators prAisierldineairresproirmatoarns eaxretersnuaplplcieodurwceitshocothmat tahtme owspohrekreer. isThinedyepaernedesnitmoilfarthteo waorhkoinvge mcoansvkeyiinngprreinscpiipralebleinaigrivtiongtheprowteecatrieorn, bbuyt dhiofsfeer minasktshethiemwpoeratraenrt mfeaaytuorbetatihnarteswpiitrh aablehoasier aotflibceormtypabryathiviseloywnUergffeortditahmroeutgerh. m 28th National Safety Congress swuhpeprleyasis wmitahintaaiirnleinde atreeslpeivraatteodrs prtehsesuraeisr aanred uissuaclloynvceoymepdartahtirvoeulgyhsmhaolsleislidnieasmethteart. mTheentsfloowf tahseadpjeurssotend atto amnyeeitnsthtaentreoqfuirine tstpfpiruataiotnnryancdiremcot,ntiTnhueesatttahcrhomugehnot utto tthhee wlooeaserelyr fmittainygbfeacaepiteicgehto-rfitatirhgelmfaecteopirecheo,oda cnoovdeeroinrgshoovueldrert*h.e head and down to the beTenheladrgeveleyloapnmeenxtpoefdiaeinrltinseolruetsiopnirattoorpsroHbas ltehme s woofrkremspeniratworiythprmoteeacntsionfobry pbrroevaitdhiinngg snoamriley oufsetdheacsoma psreosusrecde aoifr tphoawt ehreinortdhie ppnerefuomrmataicncderiollfinhgi,s awnodrks,parasysapnadintbilnags--tinogr, aabirlefrtonmthae spoluanrcte foofr coothmeprreaspspedlieattiirocatvsaoilr dperovceelosspems.enAt occfomrdoinregloy,r ltehsiss uhnaisvelresdaltotypthees oisfticrsesopfiratthoers aairdasputapbplley tdoemthanedecdharbaycteinr drautsotrrsi.al processes rather than the respi a Wvalhuialeblethaiisd tmypteheocfonptrrootlecotfiooncchuap*atiboeneanl dpiasneiaesdesb,yitssoumsee dhiaffsicfureltqieusenfrtolymbeceonntaacmcoinma tsioomneoifnstthaencaeisr hwairtmh fuolbjescutbisotnaanbclees,. and, in resLpaitreartodrsevhealvoepmbeeenntsdiarnedcteudsetos doefsiganirs-lfinoer aptitraacthomryenpturtpoosaeisr osoulpypbliyesblcorweaetre*dorfoprumrepss t{yupseusa)llyin owf hitchhe throetaaryi*r dpooessitinvoet pcoremsesurine eoodnotra,etvawpoitrh, manisyt, oorgranpircodluucbtrsicoanf t dweclioom.<e pthoesiatiiornisarseuphpalrimedfualt olorwobpjreecstisounraesble.usAualsloly, ptwrco>utorc. WThpeoubnldosweprermasyquoarremianychnogtagbee toarp.pliIefd bhye tdhoeems annoutfacatupprelyr otfhitshepraerstp, irhae rehqouuilrdemepnetsatyof thhies rqouiaunrtaittyoraanndd,pirfespsuorse skiibnlde, uihobuloidwedress.ignate suitable models and forAirroliunteinreesupsieraitnorpsroatreectdinesgigwneodrlaptrrismfarroimly pinhhearleisngthhataramrcfulnoot rimombjeedcitaiotenlaybldeanagtemroouss to life, but which may cauc illness after porroloocncguepdatieoxnpaolsudriese, aoser athacthrmonaiyc raefsfeuclttioinn ienxcpaopsaucrieta.tiTonheoorrddienaathryatfytpeer orefpdeeavteicde dwaiitlhy htharlof-umghaswk hfiacchepaiepceersaonndcsamnanloltddiaramweteenrohuogshe areirspbiryatohriys orewqnuirienmspeinratstorayreefdfaonrtgetrooums eetot uwsheichfotrhepwroeteacretironcouinld natomt oesspchapeereswitfhrooumt the respiratory protection. inhTehreentiniandehqauzaacryds /ofrromthessmealslitlueaatkioagnes oisf tmhieghthiogchclyur daaronugnedroutshe amtmaorgsipnh;eroefs htahlaf-t mredasukcefdacpepreiescseusrewshethnast ubmjeigcht tt obteh eprinotdeurcneadl boyr finaisluufrfeicioenftthaeirwaetartehre tsoouardcjeusot tthseupfplolyw, tpoiecme aeiqnutaailn totheorpirnesesuxrceesswoitfhinatmthoesphfaecreicpproessssibuirleit.y Tohfe fmaiolustreseorifoutshedanagirer siuspptlhye, owfhtihche wweoaurledr.immediately jeopardise the life ItIefratperdo.paeirrl-yImceonrsetrsupcirteadto, rsmawiinltlaignievde, aadned qatumatoespphroerteicctcioonntafrmoimnatnhte. iTnhhealautsieosn ooff tahniys dwehreicree thareerewisidae saunpdplyinocfluadier aansd?' thsietuhaotisoenlhianzearddo.csThneyo*t aprrcesceonmt faonrtaebnlecutmobwraenacre foorr emxatienntdeendancpeeirsioldosw.. The eac and cost of toTionsuinresutrheata igt owoidll qmuaeleitty*threesrpeqiruaitroerm, eanntds osifrabplreocbuuretmaelmnto, sitnsnpeeccetisosnaryis: nalotht oounglhy dthee iBsurseuaiutabolfe Mfoinrethaepprriosvkaluipnodnicawtehsicthhatthiet rthesapt irthateorpawratiscuaplaprropvuerdc,haitsedoiess snaotitsifnadcticoaryte. TsihsteancXeavtoy rseteqruiliirzeastioann, irnesspisetcatniocne tfoor croer irrorsiitoann.ts, fareneddormequiorefs mthaetemriaa!nuffarocmturersktios ttoexsticthoer rneospxiiroautsoratimn oaspchhearmesbetor cdoentetarimniinnge wruhbebtehre,r aIitr jtsesgt*as-ftoirghmt,ettaelstpfaortrs,quteaslittsy foofr flier quality, etc. Care and Maintenance tioXn,o imt awttiellr hboewofgoloitdtlethevaolruieginuanlleisnssptehce Safety inspectors \77 cmoantdeirtiiaoln.. msjcicd and maintained in #<**1 toCmoemcpoanretrdolt,o roesthpeirratmoresthoadres oinfexdpuesntsiavned. tCimonesseqguiveenntlyt,olitthtleeiromr aniontethnoanucgeh.t Oisnslyomtoeo* fdriesqtruibenuttleyd gcoaordefurlelsyp,iraantodrsthaerne pfuorrcghoatsteend., Ifnuncatiosnhoinrtefftiemcteiv, etlyh,eyif aatreaJ!v.ery dirty and raiIntedt* iinmpgoortoadnt wthoartkirnegspicroatnodristiohne. mAainnyrseosopnirIaxtcoormwehvicehry idsirtny*otanpdroipnceftlfyectkiveep.t Twhilel uwnosrikgehrtlywirlel sopbirjaetcotr.to Fwuretahreirnmg oare.diri{ty thoer reosopnirabteocromisendotefpercotipveerlyanmdaiwntilalinneodt, iatffworildl trheectlnyeacnedssacroyntpinruooteucstliyo.n,Aevdeenfeciftivweornetspciorar tiso rgiivs esw oa rsfealsthe afneenlionnge obfecsaeucuserittyh,eanwdeawrielrl infoht etahkaedtnhoe rpersepciaruattioorn. whieh he would take toTr hmearientaerneantwceotgoednaeyr:al(s1y)sitnedmivsiodfuarlesmpairina ttheneanincdei,viadnudal (m2a)incteennatrnacle msyasitnetmen,anthcee.caIrne aunsedr.upHkeeeips osfuptphoeserdestpoirwataosrh,isstleerfiltizteo atnhde rtcenpaanircethseystreemsp,iaralltorre.spTirnattohres acreentarsaslemmbalmedaptairoinnge, central point for cleaning and re woIr'kstesdalfyoutht e scoemnetrwalhamt aianstenfaonlcloewssy:steEmac1h wsuoprpkleierdwwhiothntewedosreressppiirraattoorrys*. pTrhoetecretisopnirai* tboerrsoafrcthme aurskeer.d Rweitshpitrhaetoersmmplaoyymbeenmt anrukmed briyvetsitnagmpminegtalthneumnbuemr bpelrateosn omn etthael rpuabrbtse:r hmeaasdkbsa,ndasn.d Wsehweninghelaguonedsry*to twabosrkoinn tthhee mpigoernoinngh,oltehse inwoonrkeeor fpwashsiecsh b(yindaicraotewd bayi iannsd ewmeplllo-kyempetntrenspuimrabtoerr.) hAet ftihndes calosdeeaonf tthoer isnhitfhte, hpeigeaognainhoplel.acTeshethdeirdtyirrteyspreirsaptiorras aarned raellpacirosllethcetemd ibnya oronoemmlaanid owuhtofodretahniss pciuernptosief. thOenemraeisnpteinraatnocrepiesr wcaorrrikeedr oisutsubffei tpwireaetonr*shaifrtcs. suUppsuliaeldly,anhdowtheeverr,eptawiros raensd* cslheiaftn.ing done by one man on the regular maTinhteenwanocrekenreemd nchoatrgbee aofntehwe orerspspireactioarl wthoerksetro.ckItromoamy, boer thaneymianndivtniducahlarwgehoosef wnaonrcke wofillrepseprimraitto. rsFcreaqnuebnetlcyomCbheinemdaiwniteth gtho>gtgloefs aonthdeprroptreocteticvteivheaetsq,uiipnmseonmt esuinchduass tirnieussew, htheeremraeilnatteinvaenlycefieswonreesopfirtahteordsutairees i>( the nurse. indTihveiduaadlvsaynsttaegmesaroefotbhveiouces.ntEraalchovweor rktheer hwaistl aobdjeecatn,lewsseltlo-kewpetarreinsgpiriattoarnddawilyit-l Hgeet rseaavlinpgroetfefcetcitoend abty atlhletiimncerse.asTedhelimfeoonfetathrye ptoarrstswailnldusdueaclrleyasmedorneetehdanfoorffnseetwthreesapdirdai ttiaoinnainlgcothset c(eifntarnayl )syosftemse.tting up and main is Tnhoet aidenaewofoanec.enSturaclhmbauirneteanuasnhceavbeubreeaeun isneveursael yinearas. scTohree roersumltsorperoidnudcuesdtriaess efvoir adnendcetdhebyaptphaerecnot ndsaittiiosfnacotifonth eo fretshpeiruastoerrss are remarkable. deRarensapgi.rasttoerrimlizaiinntgenaanndcereupsauiarilnlyg.coEnfsfiesctstiovef mfoeltlhoowdss: of cleaning and sterilizing are as ClWeaansinhgw: ith a brush and soap m warm Swtaetreilri.zing: tio(n1)ofImfmoremrsaelinfomr taedne mbyinuptleasciinng a1spolaurt onifne40papretrs ocefnwt aftoerrm. aldehyde solution into bol(i2c) aDriidp, ian 2a p3eprecrecnetnstosloultuiotinonoof flycsaorl. oalrcoaho7l0 per cent solution of denatured liza(3ti)onSuIbn,*jecat mtohiest treemsppireartaotur retoof satenrtii aseppteirciogdaos,f pternefmerianbulytesfoartmroalodmehtyedme,pefroar Atufrtee.r following any one of the outlined pwriotchedwuarteesr, atnhde hruenspgiruaptotro sdhioyu-ldf hbet friilntesresd, mfeultst sbcereernems oavnedd bheefaodrebacnledasnin(gif oerlasstetirci) lizing the respirator. 17$ 2Sift ATo/tonaf Safety Congress "loMnganlyife*d*ufsitlterresspwirhaitcohrsareemipnltoeyndseod-ctaollebde buysedbloovweirngantdheovdeirr.t Sourcdhufsitlteorfsf awreithclecaonmed* ptarpepssinegd athire; fbilytebr.rusIhfinthgethfeiltseursrfaacree; moor ibsty, trheemyovmeudstefbfeectdivreielyd. bTeoforreemthoevedgursetacsaenanbde cthleeanliikneg, tshoeluftiilotnersfmoraya bevedriyppsehdoirnt aridmrey. Tinhfrisequperonctleyssbeschaouusled ibtedceacrreriaesdes otuhte olniflye of the filter. Use by Workmen soWnaol rrkemspeinratroeraydiplyroatecccteipotn dwehveicnesenfcoorunpteerr ifnogrtiantgmoospr heinretoslethraabtlearetombarrekaetdhley, doisrcofmor sbiytutahteiomnstothcaatusehaivmemeeidthiaetre hbaeremn oorbswerhvicehd tdhieayte dheafirnmit.elyThuenrdeerasrtaenda mfeawy c"aguasseeiamtemrse" lthefrtoubguht taheedydaernet,raoptidblyy dbeisianpgpteoaorinmguecihthoerf vaerltieadbiltiotythtoe iansdtuostrysaofer bpyracbteiccoesm. ing con beAesxpmearyienbceeedxpinectseedc,umrinogre tdhieffipcuroltpyemr iogshet aotfiopnesrsionnawl hricehspitrhaetohryarmprfoutlecatitomnosfpohrerseituis \fuolretriunbgl.c Tohrisatisleeassptecoianlllyy tmruiledlwy hdeirsecoemx pleoasdurefuims et,o tahastubpsotasnsecses,esas,noforseenxsaem-ppelre, cveispitbivlee ?pmrooplfeinrteisefs. oifthecrontdhiatinonsperahraepsexa torbesmcervlyabblcadim. amnedditahteeroeraarcecunmo udlaisttiivnectefsfeecUtsodnoneh.ealth until serious damage has been sonTahlereexsppierraietonrcye pinrottheectiaocncepfotarncteheofsiptuear thiaosnbteheant mdaivyerpgreo,duacnedocicnupsaotimonealindsitsaenacseess cvoenriffliiecdtinrge.poIrntsonoef erxetqruemesets, tthoerrereasrpeirmataonrys bstyancweor.kbmeecna,useevtehnesdeemwoanrkdms,eninunsodmerestoiond tthoephroaztcarr.dsthoefirthheeiarlthoc. cuInpaotitohneransditudaetisoirnesd, wproorktemccti*on hfarvoem renquuiseasntecde dreussptsiraptorirms arfiolyr aersaal, mtheearneshoafs abveoenidinnog ddifisficcoumltyfoinrt adInopgteinng tnheiesd maenadnsthoef pprroopteecrtioenquwiphmeerent thhearse biesena pusroe.cured, and supervision given to their seOrvnatitohnes oatnhderrehpaonrdt,s tohferesithuaavtieonbseewnhoebre othpepowseodrkmtoetnhheaurseeboefenreinspdiifrfaetorerns.t aInfd ceovmen ptheellyed dtoo wseoar tphreompebrlyyadomnliynistwrahteivne ournddeerr, vveirsyo*r'ssttruicctk siuspteurrvniseido,n.theWwhoernkmtheen rseunpdeerr sthuechdeavsiciems pirnoepffeerctaisvseembyblyr,usteaskinangdoutrtictkhse, eaxdhjuaslatmtioenntvatolvems,akdeesatrulcotoiosen foitf afirloteurnsd, atnhde facepiece. inAtshtehespeerpfooormr eaxnpceerieonfcesinsdoumsetrtiiamlesoopcecruar tdiuocntsedofinthoethseamr eplkainntds tthhaatt hhaavvee bgeoeondceoxn hpieritehnecsee wsiitthuarteisopnisr,atothr*e, idtififsermednlccesrteisd tdhuaet tthoe eciothnedrititohneomf awnoargke,moerntt,hethteypeemoprloqyueaesl, iltayckoof f esquupipermviesniot npraonvdidfeadil.urIet oifs thuseuaelmly plelcotyioenr tios cnoenevdiendc.e Itht eisemraptlhoyeere sitghnaitficparnot. rtehsapt irapteorrssonfso r ththaet irporowcnureperasnodna/papyrotieocr tTiohneseseplderosmonsfianrde dcioffnivcuinltcyedmthautsitnhgeythnemed. protection. haIvne ato sruersvpeiyratoofrs thmeadoebjbeyctioanslarpgeersoinns rdeuvsetaryle,d.a Swomidee pvearsroientsy, eosfpecdiiasllliykews omweenre, doobjencottiolnikeisthuesudaisllfyiguorvinegrcoapmpeeawrahnecne. eTvheinf pthearstoan rceosnpniercatteodr wisitnhetcheessoacrcyupfoatriopnrorteeaclitzineg ehvisenh*eaoltnhe. tIhtaits wgooordksprianctiocre etonteinrssisat tdheat qpuarirtmede,natlswohewreearreasprireastpoirrsataorer gTehniesraslhlyourled ivnicsliutodres. foremen, supervisors, and even caSuosemtehewy ofrekeelrsthaotbjbercetatthoingresispimraotorers dibffei tciuolnt.s oFrorwhpoerhsoanres swoimthe alustnhgmdaitsicablceomnednit afrlsoomnoprrmesaelntperosronpsaastt haifgfehctailotnitsu,deasn,dtheforer itsionb,asiesspoefcia/alleyt fwohresnupwpoeartriinngg threesirpiorabtjoecrs tIhnamt ohsatviensatanhciegsh, hroewsiesvtaenr,cewittho nborrematahlining. Safety Jnsfeetors 179 dmivaiidnulyalp*s.ycthhoelogdicifafli.culty oi breathing is heWuhnecnontshceiopueslrysonstaprutiss toon bthreeatrheespi{raastoterr, arensdpiarbatainodno. nsIsnoormthaelr, iwnovrodlus,nthaery,forhrcyetshmhiics gberetsaththinagt. hAeftiesr a`elaitrtilnegexaperreiesnpciera, thoer faonrd* noofrmthael bdriesactohminfgorrtesaunmdessow-ciathlleedlimdiinstarteisosn. bInesgtriuvcetniopnerinsopnrsotpheartbwreeaathr irnegsphiarbaittosrsshoAunld oowthienrg ftaoctiomrpethdiamt etnetndtos btoreaatuhginmgenist fdaiislluikree troespreirpaltaocres bAelftoerres thoefydhuasvte, bfeucmome,e oprlugmgiesdt to Pthroeppeorinint sotrfuhctiigohnremsisatdajnucsetitnogbtrheeathfainceg. pthieecehetaodobbatanidns asogotoigdhtfitthwaitththoeuyt darraewuinng comfortable. or even unbearable, is another ovferythiemsepodrteavnict efsacatondr inobbtoatinhinthge gacocoedptapnrcoe tection. likPinegrharpesspthireatmorossticsomthmeonfarielausroen tfoorkdeiesp twhaeyms cleletaint. bWe khniloewan,witoriksmcearntaminalyy nreovtoaltl tihngattoisannyootneotnolypldaciretyonanhids fcaocnetaamdineavtiecde wbuitthestpheecimalalytedriiarltsy tforowmhiscwheahte, gisreeaxspe,osaendd, abnaocttehreira wfroormkmtahne, foarcee,vneonsehiasndowmn.ouAthsidoef ffaroilmurecrteoatiknegepa tdhiesmlikedefaonr tahned resstepriirlaitsoerd, Asprreeasdpsiraintofercitsioan voerryppreormsoonteasl dreevinicfee.ctEioxn. cinhganigsingfatrhewmorwseithporuatcctilceeanitnhgananudsisntegrifttheeomtohnerdrfienllkoiwng'sctuopo."th-brush or using a "com ad jo u rn m en t