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Industry, by F. C. Houghten, M. B. Ferderber and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E, Transactions, Vol. 47,1941, p. 403). i* 31 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 673--Determination of the Comfort Zone, by F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 29, 1923, p. 361). 'f A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 691--Cooling Effect on Human Beings Produced -g by Various Air Velocities, by F. C. Houghten and C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Trans- >, actions, Vol. 30, 1924, p. 193). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 717--Effective Temperature with Clothing, by C. P. Yaglou and W. E. Miller (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 31, 1925, p. 89). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 755--Effective. Temperature for Persons Lightly Clothed and Working in Still Air, by F. C. Hough ten, W. W. Teague and W. E. Miller (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 32,1926, p. 315). How to Use the Effective Temperature Index and Comfort Charts, by C. P. Yaglou, W. H. Carrier, Dr. E. V. Hill, F. C. Houghten and J. H. Walker (A.S.H.V.E. Trans actions, Vol. 38, 1932, p. 410). 13 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1196--Comfort with Summer Air Condition ing, by Thomas Chester, N. D. Adams, C. R. Bellamy, G. D. Fife, E. P. Heckel, Dr. W. J. McConnell, F. C. McIntosh, A. B. Newton, B, F. Raber and C. Tasker (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 48,1942, p. 107). 33 Conditions for Gomfort, by C. S. Leopold (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. . 53, 1947, p. 295). * 33 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1102--Shock Experiences of 275 Workers \ After Entering and Leaving Cooled and Air Conditioned Offices, by,,A. B. Newton, ; F. C. Houghten, Carl Gutberlet, R. W, Qualley and M. C. W. Tomlinson (A.S.H.V.E. ! Transactions, Vol. 44, 1938, p. 571). Physiologic Adjustments of Human Beings to. Sudden Change in Environment, by N. Glickman, T. Inouye, S. E. Telser, R. W. Keeton, F. K. Hick and M. K. Fahnestock (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 53, 1947, p. 327). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report (No. 1350--Physiological Adjustments of Normal Subjects and Cardiac Patients to Sudden Changes in Environment, by N. Glickman, Tohru Inouye, R. W. Keeton, M.D., I. W. Callen, M.D., F. K. Hick, . M. D., and M. K. Fahnestock (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 55, 1949, p. 27), A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1447--Physiological Adjustments of Clothed Human Beings to Sudden Changes in Environments--First Hot Moist and Later Comfortable Conditions, by F. K. Hick, M.D., Tohru Inouye, R. W. Keeton, M.D., N. Glickman, and M. K. Fahnestock (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 58, 1952, p. 189), A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1463--A Comparison of Physiological Ad justments of Clothed Women and Men to Sudden Changes in Environment, by Tohru Inouye, F. K. Hick, M.D., R. W. Keeton, M.D., J. Losch and N. Glickman (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 59,1953, p. 35), A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1508--Physiological Responses to Sudden Changes in Atmospheric Environment-- Studies of Normal Subjects, Obese, Hyperthyroid and Hypothyroid Patients, by Tohru Inouye, F. K. Hick, M.D., R. W. Keeton, M.D., and Lionel Bernstein, M.D. (A.S.H.V.E.Transactions, Vol. 60, 1954, p. 315). 33 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1055--Cooling Requirements for Summer Comfort Air Conditioning, by F. C. Houghten, F. E. Giesecke, C. Tasker and Carl Gutberlet (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 43, 1937, p. 145). 33 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1012--Study of Summer Cooling in the Re search Residence for the Summer of 1934, by A. P. Kratz, S. Konzo, M. K. Fahne stock and E. L. Broderick (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 41, 1935, p. 207), A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1319--A Method of Improving the Effective Tem perature Index, by C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 53, 1947, p. 307). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1480--Effect of Relative Humidity on Heat Loss of Men Exposed to Environments of 80, 76, and 72 F, by Tohru Inouye, F. K. Hick, s M.D., S. E. Telser, M.D., and R. W. Keeton, M.D. (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 59, 1953, p. 329). Environment, Comfort, Health and People, by M. K. Fahnestock and J. E. Werden (Refrigerating Engineering, Feb. 1956, p. 43). 33 A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 755--Effective Temperature for Persons Lightly Clothed and Working in Still Air, by F. C. Houghten, W. W. Teague and W. E. Miller (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 32, 1926, p. 315). % 33 A Practical System of Units for the Description of the Heat Exchange of Man with His Environment, by A. P. Gagge, A. C. Burton, and H. C. Gazett (Science Vol. 94, 1941, p. 428). 30 Thermal Insulation of Clothing, by C. P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, i- Vol. 54, 1948, p. 291). 31 Application of Air Conditioning to Premature Nurseries in Hospitals, by C. P- Yaglou, Philip Drinker and K. D. Blackfan (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 36, 1930, p. 383). CHAPTER 7 AIR CONDITIONING IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE Sanitary Ventilation, Control of Airborne Infection, Value of Air Cooling Under Tropical Conditions, Treatment of Disease, Operating Rooms, Nurseries for Premature Infants, Fever Therapy, Cold Therapy, Allergic Disorders, Oxygen Therapy, General Hospital Air Conditioning THE Second World War caused an increase of interest in the preventive aspects of air conditioning. It re-emphasized the importance of the control of airborne infection and demonstrated the value of air cooling under tropical conditions for the prevention of heat rash, for promoting proper rest and sleep, and in the convalescence of patients. The problem of air conditioning or air purification in shelters, hospitals, or any buildings, following an atomic explosion has the attention of engi neers, military personnel, public health authorities, private physicians, and the general public. The. type and structure of shelters are important. In strategic areas likely to' be bombed, they should be windowless, under ground, strong enough to resist blast and have sufficient cover to protect against initial radiation. Suitable ventilation is a necessity, and could be provided by the use of pressurized installation in which any air taken from the outside is forced through a ventilator. Air conditioning and heating or cooling systems could then be kept in continuous operation for improv ing inside air conditions and controlling room temperature. Heat trans mission through the walls, carbon dioxide accumulation, and the total number of people using the shelter, are factors in determining the neces sity for using outside air. Such a shelter should be closed to outside air during the period immediately following a blast. A surface or subsurface burst of an atomic bomb would result in a wide dispersion of airborne radioactive particles.1 Windows of buildings within a three-mile radius from the point of detonation of a 20 KT bomb would be broken, and consequently, any protection however slight, obtainable through the use of conventional air-conditioning systems would not be accomplished. Beyond the three-mile radius many structures may be found with windows undamaged and otherwise capable of providing some degree of protection from airborne radioactive particles by the utilization of an air-conditioning system. However, conventional air-conditioning sy.TMns should not be relied upon for such protection in urban structures which may be utilized in the accomplishment of specific missions follow- ..^ ^mic detonation. There are special techniques and devices available which will provide this protection. The smog incident in Donora, Pa., has focused the attention of health authorities and engineers on the problem of air contamination by toxic jjases. The exact way in which such substances affect the human being unknown.2 There has been a great deal of speculation, but in reality that6'18 sPec*fic information concerning this problem. It is believed snViofn SUC^ cases the combination of contaminants, rather than any single Dres.tanCe' ?r^uces the toxic effects. It is known that low atmospheric p essure, with accumulation of toxic substances in increasingly higher 131