Document ByLNmVYKKoZeLVD0305xa9E4

FILE NAME: Lockheed (LKH) DATE: 1943 DOC#: LKH008 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: US Navy - Minimum Requirements for Safety & Industrial Health in Contract Shipyards GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION National Archives and Records Service fahom tlicsr presents sitali come, (Fircrting: of the authority vested in me by the Administrator of General Services, I 's behalf, under the seal of the National Archives of the United States, that roduction(s) is a true and correct copy of documents in his custody. SIGN A TU R E CHARLES DOWNS LE Library and Printed Acting Chief. Archives Branch NAME AND""*ADDRESS O f D E P O S lT O h ". The National Archives Washington, D. C 20408 GSA Apr "s 6791A Szi ! V .N , !% m \y U r p a r l a t i 'a l I . S . M a r it im Couimial>n Y- -/* Minimum Requirements j FOR SAFETY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH IN CONTRACT SHIPYARDS -PW : &; t- i\ZM iy' Approved U. S. N erjr J a n . 10. 19*1 A pproved U. S. M aritim e Com m ission Feb. , 1943 . Ax ' ' .................... ...... - .................. ................... ! I ......- ***** * * e r e r a a s e a * P r l a t l a f OIBee W a a h la a te n 1 0 4 3 U. S. N avy D i.i`autmlni WASHINGTON, D. C. U. S. Ma r itim e C ommission WASHINGTON, D. O. To AU Contractors Constructing Ships for United Slates NavyUnited States Maritime Commission: As a result of the national conference on safety and health in ship yards holding contracts with the United States Navy and Maritime Commission, conducted under the auspices of these agencies in Chicago December 7 and 8,1942, a unanimous agreement was reached upon the minimum standards which have now been approved by the Navy De partment and United States Maritime Commission and which should be put into effect in shipyards holding contracts with the two agencies. These standards represent a specialized study based upon a fact-find ing survey on all coasts by experts in that field. They have received the unanimous concurrence of the representatives of the medical and safety departments and of labor-management committees from ship yards on all coasts. The necessity for conserving manpower and promoting the physical welfare, health, and safety of what shortly will amount to one million workers in shipyards requires th at careful observance of standards for the prevention of accidents and protection of health be accorded. Aside from the weight which must be given humanitarian considera tions, it is simply good common sense that as much care and attention be given to protecting the human factors in the war production pro gram as is given machines. Under the administrative direction of the Maritime Commission, fcafety and industrial health consultants will be made available in all regions wherein shipyards holding contracts with the Navy and the Commission are located. Each contractor is hereby given notice that the Navy Department and the Maritime Commission will expect full and complete compli ance with the minimum standards which bear the approval of the Navy Department and the Maritime Commission, and each is requested to give full cooperation to the consultants on health and safety who will be charged with the coordination and supervision of the safety and health programs of the two agencies. The cumulative restriction of manpower makes speedy attention and comprehensive action in respect to the subject matter hereof of vital importance. F ra nk K nox, Secretary of the Navy. MIH-- --- 1 I U. S. Maritime Commission. UNITED STATES NAVY--MARITIME COMMISSION MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOB SAFETY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH EN CONTRACT SHIPYARDS S and H~l. Introduction* 1.1 The standards for industrial health and safety as presented in. this manual cover only minimum requirements. I t is not to be assumed that compliance 'with these minimum standards is insurance of the development of good health and safety records. 1.2 I t is recognized that in many shipyards, standards for health and safety ate already in effect which go beyond the requirements of those listed here. The Maritime Commission and Navy urge that any standards of higher level be continued and that where substandard conditions of health and safety exist, they immediately be brought to the required standard or better. 1.3 In all cases the use of the words shall or must indicates that compliance with that section of the minimum requirements is manda tory. Where the words should or may are used the section may be considered desirable but not necessarily mandatory under certain circumstances which the contractor in his discretion may determine. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL HEALTH H -2. Medical Facilities. 2.1 Personnel,--Yards employing up to 5,000 men should have two full-time physicians, and one additional physician for each additional 5,000 men. Yards with less than 2,000 to 3,000 men will not need full-time physicians. 2.2 Specialists in the various branches of the medical profession available in the area should be consulted as indicated. 2.3 Yards employing up to 5,000 men should have in the main dispensary six full-time nurses and three additional nurses for each additional 5,000. Additional nurses will be required for first aid stations. 2.4 ' There should be a t least three clerks employed in the medical department for each 5,000 employees. 2.5 One ambulance driver should be available per ambulance per shift. 2 11-3. Physical Facilities. 3.1 T h e medical departm ent should bo provided wuh a. A waiting room with suitable legi'-ti .il inn 1.itiIttlo ft. A general treatment room. 0. An eye treatment room'. d. A minor surgery room. e. A ward with three beds for the first 5,000 employees, and one bed for each additional 10,000. /. Doctors' offices and private examining rooms. g. A nurses' office and dressing room. h. X-ray room for yards employing 5,000 men and above. 1. A physiotherapy room. j. Toilet facilities for doctors, nurses, and patients, k. A storeroom for general medical stores. l. X-ray files and viewing room. 3.2 First-aid treatment rooms, manned by nurses, should be pro vided wherever there is overcrowding at the main dispensary and loss of time due to distance from shipways and shops. These sub stations may be located under building ways or near locations where the number of men working is large so that the distance a man need travel to a sub-station will not exceed approximately 400 yards. H -t, Equipment. 4.1 The following equipment should be provided : a. One ambulance for each 15,000 employees, or reasonable frac tion thereof, with an ordinary passenger car always in reserve. b. In some yards a station wagon is used satisfactorily inside the yard and an ambulance used only for trips outside. c. An X-ray unit for yards employing about 5,000 men and abote. d. Medical and surgical stores required for minor surgery* eye injuries and physiotherapy. H-5. Records and Forma. 5.1 The following records and forms are recommended: N ote.-- In an emergency no farm need be filled out. a. A form authorizing the workman to report to the medical de partment for examination or treatment issued by a foreman or lead ing man or other supervisor. This shall show time of issue, arrival at dispensary, discharge from dispensary and return to work. b. Appointment form for revisits and rctreatments issued by the physicians and nurses. c. A disposition form issued by physicians and nurses indicating return to work, hospitalization, to home, or other disposition. d. A complete and accurate permanent filing system recording per sonal data, nature and cause of injury, diagnosis, treatment, disposition, and results. 3 e. The necessity stale amt insurance company forms. /. Daily report to the safety department showing all new cases for the day, together ivtth the attire nod cause of injury, and the dinynoii, y. The adoption ol' the staudurd nomenclature when made available hy the Council on Industrial Health of the American Medical Associa tion, Chicago, Illinois. H-6. Examinations. 6.1 Physical examinations to insure proper placement of employees shall be given. 6.2 Periodic check examinations shall be given men working in occupations potentially hazardous to themselves or others, as for ex ample to crane operators, locomotive and hoisting and portable engi neers. Periodic check examinations should be given men in jobs in which there may be health hazard, as for example to sand blasters, radium and X-ray workers, and paint sprayers. 6.3 Special examinations such as X-ray, seriologic and urinalyses shall be given in the individual case a3 indicated and in accordance with local needs. H-7. Air Raid Precautions. 7.1 The medical department shall locate, equip, and maintain such emergency first aid dressing stations as may be deemed necessary to handle air raid casualties. 7.2 A certain number of yard employees shall be trained in first aid procedures to render assistance to the medical department in handling air raid victims. 7.3 Close cooperation should be maintained with the local civilian defense officials in order that evacuation and care of air raid victims may he carried out to the best advantage. 7.4 In keeping with local army and navy regulations, steps should be taken to provide protection of dispensaries by sandbags, or other wise, from fragments and concussion of bombs. H-8. Responsibilities of th e Medical Services. 8.1 Frequent inspection of the yard by the medical staff shall be required in order that physicians may become familiar with shipyard jobs and thus help intelligently in preventing accidents and occupa tional disease. 8.2 Close collaboration shall be maintained with the safety depart ment especially in regard to records of accidents and absenteeism. 8.3 I t shall be the joint responsibility of the medical and safety departments through the supplies department to know the composition of paints, thinners, paint removers, and other chemicals used in the yard, and to see that the workers exposed are protected by the best safety practices. 4 8.4 As m tliu general practice of medicine tile confident ml illa tions of doctor and patient stiaii bo maintained. 8.5 It is certain that in the near future women m large numbers are to be employed in the mechanical trades. It is necessary in ship yards to make special provisions for tins class of patients. Tins will necessitate the establishment of separate waiting, treatment, and examining rooms. In yards where the number of employees is large, it may bo logical to establish a separate dispensary for the handling of women patients. H-9. Sanitary inspections. 9.1 Cafeterias and canteens.--I t shall be the duty of the medical de partment to adapt from Army and Navy standards, in reasonable con formity with the local health department rules, and inspection scheme to include preemployment examination of food handlers, quality and quantity of food, general cleanliness and comfort, screening, dishwashing, garbage and waste disposal. These inspections shall be made at unscheduled times and never less than once each week. 9.2 Water supply, sewerage, and waste disposal.--In cooperation with Maritime and Navy engineers the medical department shall inspect and report upon the above as often as seems advisable, but not less than twice yearly. 9.3 Salt tablets.--Sait tablets shall be made available to all em ployees and shall be kept in covered dispensers appropriately located. H-10. R espiratory Protective Equipm ent fo r Shipyards. The U. S. Bureau of Mines, 4800 Forbes Street, Pittsburgh, Penna., maintains a laboratory which tests and approves for use in industry respiratory protective equipment of all kinds. The Maritime Com mission and Navy will require the use of approved equipment through out all yards. The safety department shall be responsible for instruct ing men in the proper use of such equipment and for the maintenance of ample supplies. 10.1 Details of Bureau of Mines respirators with names of manu facturers, prices, and descriptions can be obtained from the Bureau or from the Maritime Commission. 10.2 The safety department shall be responsible to the management for cleaning and sterilizing all such equipment as often as may be agreed upon with the medical department. (A method for such sterilization is included in these standards; see section H-12.0) 10.3 General requirements for respirators.-- a. Adequate protection as defined by American Standard Safety Code for the Protection of Heads, Eyes, and Respiratory Organs. Handbook H-24, Nov. 1,1938. Superintendent of Documents, Wash ington, D. C.; price 150. b. Comfort (light weight and not obstructive to vision). 5 H -ll. Job R equiring R espiratory Protective Equipment. IX1 Oust -- Jong rROTt orivi: DKV1CKS Siht'.i of lid Iluds, (u s in d b last ( 1 ) A b r a s iv e b la s tin g lie lm e ta . ing) (2) Dust rcspiiator Le.id Dust (ns in mixing paint)_____ ((21)) LAoiurdlindeusltesrepsirpuirtaotror. Asbestos (a s in covering p ip es)_____ (1) Air line respirator. (2) Dust respirator 11.2 Metal fames and smokes.-- JOOS PBOTEOTIVE DEVICES f (1) Air line respirator Lend and zinc oxide iron, welding and (2) Fome ra p lrn to r for lead. burning. (;i) D ust resp irato r (or zinc oxide. 11.3 Solvent vapors.-- JOBS Spray painting, both indoors and outdoors___________ __________________ Paint removing, usually Indoors______ Cementing, usually Indoors____--____ Cleaning, usually Indoors____ - ______ Degreasing, usually In d o o r s ,..__ ____ FSOTEOITVE DEVICES (1) Air line respirator. (2) Chemical cartridge respirator. 11.4 Acid gases and mists.-- JOBS Pickling (in d o o rs)_________________ Cleaning (In d o o rs)__________________ D egreasing (In d o o rs)____ ____________ ROTKOTIVE DEVICES (1) Mist respirator. (2) Chemical cartridge respirator. 11.5 Alkali mists.--- JOBS FBOTEOTTVE DEVICES Cleaning (in d o o rs)________________ _1 (1) M ist respirator. D egreasing (in d o o rs)________________ J (2) Chemical cartridge respirator. 11.6 Asphyxiating atmospheres.-- n O T E O n v e DEVICES (1) Nose mask. (2) Oxygen-breathing mask. (3 ) All-service mask. 11.7 A ir supply for air-line masks of dll kinds.--Air at a com fortable temperature and free from odors and excessive moisture sometimes is difficult to furnish, especially for outdoor jobs in winter. Air quality and temperature shall be tested by the Safety Depart ment and shall meet the suggestions of the American Standard Safety Code for air-supplied respirators (sec, 10.3a). H-1Z. S terilizatio n o f R espirators. 12.1 Each worker who needs a respirator should be assigned his own respirator. Where this is not done, it is important that the respirator be sterilized in addition to being cleaned. Adequate Ster ilization mav be accomplished by-- 0 a. Washing the rubber and metal parts with soap, a brusi tu; warm water, after which the respirator is sterilized by unrara.n for 10 minutes in a solution of formalin made by placing one n r i 40 percent formaldehyde solution into nino parts of water. b. Washing the rubber and metal parts with soap and warn after which the respirator is sterilized by dipping in a 3 perotcc solution of carbolic acid, a 2 percent solution of lysol, or a 70 peroats solution of denatured alcohol. c. Subjecting the respirator to sterilization by a moist atmrcphou of antiseptic gas, preferably formaldehyde, for a period of ten min utes at room temperature. d. After following any one of the outlined procedures, the nespri*tor should be rinsed with water and hung up to dry. The respinar should not be used until it has been dried thoroughly. e. The filters, felt screens, and elastic headbands should be rernmi. if detachable, before washing or sterilization of the respirator, auks it is evident that washing and sterilization will not harm them parts. 12.2 The National Safety Council has issued an Industrial Dtfa Sheet No. D-Gen. 16, "Cleaning and Sterilizing Goggles utd Bopiratory Equipment." B-1S. A Guide for Prevention of Industrial Disease in Shipyards. 13.1 Eight common types of disease and methods for their i n vention are given in the following sections. Help in applying ties methods will be given by the local Safety Department and by a&ty and medical consultants of the Navy Department and the Maritime Commission. 13.2 Flaskbums and foreign bodies in the eye.-- i a. Effects on workers: "Flash" is a surface eye bum resulting f im even momentary unprotected exposure to the welding arc. In dm condition the eye is painful and sensitive, especially to light A* eye flash shall be treated only by the doctor or by methods he km prescribed. b. Foreign bodies in the eye shall be removed only under the dee- tor's orders or by methods he has prescribed. Like flashburm, they are preventable. o. For safe practice: All workers: 1. Whenever near welding areas wear antiflash goggles whack have been approved by the Safety Department 2. Wear safety goggles when grinding, chipping, In S sf, scratch-brushing, or forging. 7 Welder-,. 3. Wear appioved anliflash goggles ever, when helmet is bring worn. 4. Use portable screens to piotect the eyes of fellow workers. 13.3 Lead pohoning.-- a. Sources: In general, any job in which dust, fume, or smoke from any substance containing lead is breathed daily. b. Fin example: jo b : Welding Cutting Burning Shrinking w h k n m a t e h ia l i s : Metal, coated with paint containing lead. Lead. Lead pigments. Grinding Buffing Spray painting Mixing paint pigments c. Job can be done safely with: 1. (a) Special ventilation: Use a local exhaust hood approximately 8 inches from the job and drawing at least 200 c. f. tn. into the hood with filtration of the discharge, or discharge, to a place where the contaminated air will not be breathed, or (b) Wearing of fame respirators, or 2. (c) Wearing of supplied air respirator. Periodic medical examination which includes blood and 13.4 Solvent vapors.-- a. Sources: In general, any job in which solvent vapors are breathed. For example: Spray painting. Painting. Using paint remover. Applying cements. Paint brush and spray gun cleaning. b. Job can be safely done with : 1. Segregation of such work, and 2. (a) Special ventilation as may be required. (b) Provision of spray booths with exhaust system. 8 (c) Wearing <f special respirators(1) For spiny painting: Supplied air le-quintm-. <>i air line hoods. (2) X''or otlier jobs: Chemical cartridge respirators. (See H-10 on respiratory protective equipment.) 13.5 Zinc fume fever (zinc chills or shakes).-- a. Sources: In general, any job in which the fumes from heated zinc are breathed. For example: jon: Welding Cutting Shrinking Pouring zinc alloys when materi u, is : Galvanized metal Zinc Zinc alloy Brass b. Job can be safely done with : 1. Special ventilation : Local exhaust hoses or hoods located close enough to operation at all times to remove smoke completely. 2. Wearing of special respirators. Note.--T here are no known cumulative effects from zinc chills. 13.6 Fiberglas.-- a. Effects on workers: Men working with Fiberglas may develop a dermatitis or conjunctivitis which are skin and eye conditions. It is best to transfer to another job those who continue to he sensitive. 1. Both experimental and practical evidence show conclusively that the inhalation of Fiberglas causes no lung damage. 2. The cement used with Fiberglas may contain a toxic solvent such as carbon tetrachloride (CC1,) which can cause severe illness or even death if the cement is used indoors with inadequate ventilation. b. For safe practice: 1. Clothing: Supply loose coveralls with collars and sleeves but toned over cheesecloth. 2. Goggles: Should be worn. 3. Shower: Should be taken rather than bath, at end of shift. Bcspimtors are usually not necessary, bvt if a cement containing a toxic solvent is used, proper protection either by ventilation or by a respirator must be supplied and used. 9 13.7 Aabcatosis.-- a. Sources: In general, any job in winch asbestos, dual <s biethed. For example: job: I Jamllmg. Sawing. Cutting. Molding. Welding rod salvage. WHEN MATERIAL I s : Asbestos Asbestos mixtures. b. Job can be done safely w ith: 1. Segregation of dusty work and, 2. (a) Special ventilation: Hoods enclosing the working proc ess and having linear air velocities at all openings of 100 feet per minute, or (b) Wearing of special respirators. 3. Periodic medical examination. 13.8 Silicosis.-- a. Sources: In general, any job in which the duet of free silica (sand) is breathed daily. For example: JOB Sand-blasting Sand packing of pipes Shot blasting of castings b. Job can be done safely w ith: 1. Isolation of dusty process and, in addition, 2. Special ventilation: In the case of sand-blasting, the work should be done in the standard type of sand blast room, cabinet, or machine. 3. Special respirator for dust-containing free silica. 4. Periodic examination by doctor. 13,9 Dermatitis.-- . Sources: Excessive or improper use of cleaning agents such as gasoline. It is not at all uncommon to find dermititis caused by excessive use of common soaps such as those used in laundering. Cutting oils, certain greases, certain insulating materials used on electric cables and conduits can cause dermatitis. . Job can be done safely w ith: 1. Precautions against excessive use of the causative agent. 2. Advice of the medical department in the use of protective salves and creams. 10 11-14. Ventilation Standarda- 14.1 Ventilation i-. lequiied to control temperature and to remove nir impurities, as from welding and paint spraying. 14.2 The maintenance of proper working conditions shall he the responsibility of the safety department, whose staff shall work in close cooperation with the welding, paint, and electrical departments. Air analyses and tests shnll be made by the safety and medical consultants of the Navy Department and the Maritime Commission as may be needed. 14.3 Personnel of Department-- a. Number: 1. The size of the ventilation crew will vary with the type of ship, equipment available, etc. The head of the safety department will be responsible for the organization of the safety department or division. 2. There shall be a ventilation supervisor on each shift respon sible to the head of the safety department. Under the su pervisor there shall be a sufficient crew to inspect and maintain good working conditions. 3. An EC-2 ship shall have at least one ventilation man aboard. Larger ships, or ships like carriers with considerable gal vanized welding, shall have at least two ventilation men. 4. The number of ventilation men on the night shifts shall be in proportion to the construction crews. 5. The ventilation crew must have available a maintenance and repair crew of sufficient size to keep equipment on the job and operating efficiently. Long waits during which equipment is idle must be avoided. b. Training: 1. The ventilation, supervisor (that is, the safety engineer) shall be trained to handle the entire ventilation program in the yard. Local educational institutions, State Industrial H y giene Units, Maritime Commission engineers, and other sources are available to give this training. 2. The ventilation supervisor shall organize classes, demonstra tions, and short talks on standard procedures for ventilating specific spaces on the ships. 14.4 Type of equipment needed.--In ship construction, two types of ventilation are used--local exhaust as for removal of welding fumes at the point of origin, and general ventilation to supply fresh air to confined working spaces. 11 a. Local exhaust: 1. A common length for a local exhaust hose is forty feet. In ordering exhaust fans for uso with local exhaust hoses, the following specifications should be met: Capable of drawing a minimum of 200 c. f. m. through each of 3-inch (or 4-inch) diameter flexible hose. Fans should have provisions for at taching three or more local exhaust hoses per unit. 2. In the interests of power economy, it is undesirable to move much more than 200 c. f. m. through each local exhaust hose. J. General ventilation: 1. I t is frequently desirable to introduce air into large working spaces such as deep tanks, fore- or after-peaks. This is done in many yards by using a flexible fabric duct, with metal elbows, and a fan of about 6,000 c. f. m. capacity. 2. I t is desirable sometimes to supply a quantity of fresh air into the double bottom. Here a 2,000 c. f. m. unit may be used. 3. These two examples represent the two extremes of this type of work, and therefore are the two extremes in fan sizes. Fan static pressures in each case should exceed four inches of water. 4. For general ventilation of a ship engineroom during construc tion, a 10,000 c. f. m. blower is recommended. On the other hand, operations in confined quarters where heat is gen erated (plate shrinking, for example) may use a small portable fan to circulate the air. For this purpose, small blowers of from 800 to 1,500 c. f. m. shall be provided. . Ventilating procedures: 1. Local exhaust shall be used whenever a welding operation is being conducted in a confined space, or whenever galvanized metal is being welded. Local exhaust is always a suction process. Never blow a stream of air upon a welding arc. 2. Many welders think that it is enough to hold the end of the suction hose in the same compartment with the welding operation. This is not so. In order to capture the welding fumes, the end of the hose must be within six or eight inches of the arc, assuming a 200 c. f. m. volume per hose. Beyond this distance, the suction hose is ineffective. 3. The air supply to a general ventilation fan must be fresh outside air. Recirculation of air already contaminated shall not be permitted. A minimum of 400 c. f. m. per welder shall be supplied to a given working space such as a deep tank when general ventilation is used alone. 12 4. in warm wenthui, air movements or diafts arc helpful, while in cold weather .1 minimum of air movement, is (Joshed and local exhaust will serve best. In temperate weather, it is most satisfactory to use u combination of local exhaust and general ventilation. 14.5 Coordination of department with construction program.-- a. The ventilation supervisor shall keep abreast of construction, and thus anticipate the ventilation needs. h. The construction foremen shall inform the ventilation depaitment of ventilation needs before the needs occur. c. Blackboards, boxes, signal lights, or similar devices shall be installed on board and used to inform the ventilation department of immediate needs. 14.6 Supplementary ventilating procedures.-- a. Ventilating confined spaces, such as the fore- or after-peaks and deep tanks, is greatly simplified by the temporary removal or cutting through of certain plates. b. For example, the fore-peak of a Liberty ship can best be ventilated by cutting a combination access and ventilation hole through the watertight bulkhead near the ship's bottom. <?. The tank top can be left off of the midship deep tanks until all welding has been completed in this space. d. Aside plate can be left or cut out of the engineroom at the bottom deck level. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY S-2. M anagements Part. 2.1 It is absolutely essential, if a successful accident-prevention,' program is to be installed and operated, that top plant management take an active and interested part in the work. The same supervision given any other important activity in the shipyard shall lie gn on the safety program. 2.2 The responsibility of management insofar as industrial safety is concerned shall be considered to include-- 2.21 The provision of a safe working environment. 2.22 Training of employees for safety. 2.23 Establishment of an accident record and reporting system which will definitely tie into nationally uniform report ing, record, and statistical requirements. 2.24 The appointment, where necessary, of a safety engineer (or a safety director) and staff to install, maintain, and properly supervise an accident-prevention program. 13 2.25 The issuance of instructions to uli division or department heads, foremen, leaders, leudingnicn and to any persons in supervisory capacity, that they are considered respon sible for preventing accidents which involve employees working under their direction and requiring them to comply with all of the provisions of the accident preven tion program m effect in the shipyard. 2.26 An active und interested participation in safety through-- (a) Review of, and executive action on, safety records. (b) Regular attendance at safety meetings. (c) Action upon good or bad departmental safety records through personal interviews with de partment heads. (d) General letters, for bulletin board posting, ad dressed to employees and discussions of good or bad yard accident record. (e) By setting a good example. (Goggles, safety shoes, hard hais and other necessary protective equipment shall be used by any executive who exposes himself to yard operations.) 6-3. Safety D irector and Staff. 3.1 A full-time safety director (title may be safety engineer or safety inspector, etc.) and staff shall be appointed for all shipyards. (See Section 3.25 for duties and responsibilities.) The safety director shall report to, and be responsible to, the highest ranking managerial executive or his designated representative. 3.2 The staff in the safety department in addition to the safety director, shall consist o f: 3.21 An assistant safety director in yards having 3,000 em ployees or more except that there shall always be at least one safety engineer per shift. 3.22 One safety engineer (safety inspector) for each additional 1,500 employees. Example: I f a yard has 35,000 em ployees there would be required a safety director and an assistant plus 21 safety inspectors. 3.23 The staff of engineers shall be distributed over the three shifts in proportion to the number of employees on each shift. 3.24 One clerk and/or stenographer for the first 5,000employees and one clerk for each additional 7,500 employees. (It is not to be assumed that the time of safety inspectors or the safety director can be spent on clerical detail. All office functions, while adequately supervised by the safety 511314--3---- 3 H director, `.Imultl 1*' curried on by Hoiks so the greatest possible mount of time of the safety tin erfa- uml his staff may bo spent in the sliipyaid.) 3.25 The duties and responsibilities of the safety director shall include : (a) Complete responsibility for formulating, adminis tering and making necessary changes in the ship yard accident prevention progiams within the limits of authority granted by the shipyard man agement. The safety director shall also be re quired to correlate the shipyard accident pro gram with the minimum safety and health standards of the United States Navy Dparte ment and Maritime Commission. (b) Submission of regular monthly, weekly or daily reports on the status of safety directly to the gen eral manager or his designated representative. (c) Acting in an advisory capacity on all matters per taining to safety to the management, general manager, superintendents, foremen, quarterinen, leadermen, purchasing department, engineering department, commissary department, or con tractors. (d) Maintenance of the accident record system, mak ing all necessary reports, personal investigation of all fatal or serious accidents, investigation through his staff of all accidents, securing super visor's accident reports, checking corrective action taken by supervisors to eliminate acci dent causes. (e) Supervising, or closely cooperating with the train ing supervisor in the safety training of all em ployees. (See Section 6.26.) (I) Correlating safety work with medical department to insure proper selection and placement of employees. (g) Making personal inspections and supervising in spections by staff and by special employee com mittees, for the purpose of discovering and correcting unsafe conditions or unsafe work practices BEFORE T B E T CAUSE ACCI DENTS. (h) Exchanging information with other shipyards on best safety methods and consulting with United 15 Sluice Navy Department ami Mm mine Commis sion Regional Safety (.'oiihullunls on safety problems which cannot be solved with methods or information at hand. (i) Making certain that all federal, state or local laws, ordinances or orders bearing on industrial safety are complied with. (j) Securing any necessary help or advice from the state labor departments on matters pertaining to safety and health. (k) Initiating activities that will stimulate and main tain the interest of employees in safety. (l) Acting as secretary of all safety committees and in such capacity he shall prepare an agenda for each such meeting covering the business to be discussed and, be shall prepare for the record, minutes of each such meeting. (m) Directing the activities of his staff including the assistant safety director, so that the shipyard ac cident prevention program will be efficiently op erated. I t is expected that the safety director may delegute certain responsibilities to his staff engineers, such as that of acting as secretary of certain of the safety committees. Permission for such delegation of authority is expressly given in the interest of efficiency and for training the safety staff. (n) Submission of the required reports on the status of safety in the shipyard to the interested gov ernment agencies at the time and intervals here inafter requested. S-4. Accident Prevention Forms snd Reports. 4.1 The safety director shall cause to be designed and put into use at least the following forms and records: 4.11 Supervisor's report of accident.-- (a) Giving all vital data on cose plus statements as to unsafe act and/or unsafe condition, reason un safe act or condition was permitted to exist or occur, and the immediate corrective action taken or recommended. (See Form 1.) 4.12 Safety engineer's recommendation form.-- (a) Form used by safety staff to record recommenda tions made during inspection. Used for fol low-up. Made in triplicate; one to leader- U, S* MARITIME COMMISSION -- U. S. NAVY t u d |e l Bureau No. A&proval expires Jan u a ry 31. PRIVATE SHIPYARDS SUPERVISOR'S REPORT O F ACCIDENT OR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE Fill out for every disabling injure (or case of occupational disease) whether or not com pensable. Answer every question fully. Use other aide if necessary. To be mailed with the Monthly Injury Summary (for the month covered in that report) by the 15th of the fol lowing month to the Division of Industrial Injury Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C, DO NOT USB Serial No--....--......... (1) Name of yard ....... ........... ..............VcityV ................. (St.'iV) (2) Name of injured employee ........._ .......... ......... ...... Badge No..._________ _______-- (3) Occupation ...................................................... ...... D epartm ent------- --- .............-- (4) Date of accident.......................................................... Hour of day..~..... - ........................ Code da te ..................... Region..............__ ... Location____________ (6) Witnesses: Name....................... ................... . M .. Badge N o..-----------... U U ^ _ ..... Occupation..... .............. D ept.................. ......... (6) Describe accident or case fully (what Injured was doing, what happened, etc.)... Injury date.................. (7) What unsafe condition caused accident or occupational disease? (Specify: broken Ud der, defective staging, Uek of ventilating equipment, etc.) Time of day......... Agency____________ Agency p a rt .......... . (8) Whet was done wrong (unsafely) th at caused accident or occupational disease? (Specify: failure to wear provided goggles, overloading crane, using mushroomed chisel, failure to use respiratory protective equipment, etc.) Uns. mech. cond.___ (9) Describe resulting injury o r occupational disease. (Specify: lacerated hand, broken left leg, right thumb amputated, lead poisoning, etc.) Acc. type....... . . Una. a e t................ Uns. pert. fact...... (10) What have you done to prevent similar occurrences? --------------- --- (11) What do you recommend to prevent similar occurrences? ---- ----- -------( 12) Signed by:.,........- ..... ... - ..............T itle:..----- ------ ----------------- Date:. Checked by:...:......... ............- .......... . ..... Injury.......... Body part-- jMbu 1 (See paragraph S. 4.11-a.) S o pa ** g :a g . 5* I.V.to. *!f nh siti i! f; 8 fl -* Pt s II*f l's fi*s is -s 18 mun or qmti Lonmin cm job, one to general manager, 01 other designated executive, one lo safety dcpailmcnt files after use to cheek per formance. (See Form 2.) 4.It) United States Navy Department and Maritime Commission monthly injury summary.-- (a) To be submitted monthly to United States NavySlaiitime Commission. (See Form 3 attached.) To include over-all breakdown of predomi nant accidents, types and causes, accident fre quency, total number of fatal cases, total of lost-time cases and the time lost, etc. This form, to he used also for report to management o f shipyard. To be submitted in triplicate as required on form. (See Form 3.) (b) The following formula shall be used in deter mining accident frequency rates for shipyards: 1. Accident Frequency" Number Disabling InjuriesX 1,000,000 Total Man-Hours Worked for Period Covered 2. A disabling injury shall be considered to be any injury which results in a man being unable to report for work on the next regular day or shift after the accident, or one which calls for a standard time charge being made re gardless of whether time is actually lost. I f time is lost due to the injury, subsequent to the initial return to work, then the injury shall be accounted as disabling. 4.14 Minutes of safety committee meetings.-- (a) Minutes of meetings should show date and time of meeting, names of those present, action on unfinished business, brief description of new business discussed and action taken or ordered by the committee on each item. The discussion should always include the predominating acci dent hazards of the yard and the means sug gested to control them. (b) Various committee forms will be made available to shipyards on request. 4.17 These forms and any others pertaining to industrial safety or health shall be filed and made available to authorized 10 u. a MAarrnu commission -- u. a navy private sum rA S oe DOimY SUMMABY FOB MONTH ON------------------ ------ ------ . 1------ Tbraa cayhad U ha aatasN ud h r the llt lt 4 Iba Boccoodto* m aatb. mm oopr, taathar ta tk tb s SaparrUar1 apart a fA arid--U far w tk alary (apartad d u ria r th a m eath. ta tba W ulo* ef la d e ta m ! lo jo rr Statiatka, U 3 . Dm m of L*bar ScaiUm , WaaKiaftM, D C . m * easy te lb* C M * Safa7 C a a w m a t, V B M arin a# CeiaaBlaal--, W--k la ftao , D C.. --4 a-- copy la tba Kaftan*) 8* f y -CewaalUJU, U & MariU--a C o w u i t n . In tha raflaa la wtikk tW ablppaid b M atad. BXrOeUKB DATA A Avar*# nuaabat ad (laclada* UricaI an UMUKI DATA A Pautaba 'Myi w w " N ialar Of fraatat --verity tU n farmariy la) <b) ara Lata f t r tajariaa duw t aaaati 1) Far Mriaa (4) XXX A TOTAL A NnMbaAUng Maria# 1A Praga-- 17 ra U _ _ _ ____ II Y a u lf frag--nay rala u f a ta - - Cta XXX XXX XXX XXX Tala) -- I i . i r i i i talarla# <lw a I ) U * M M Total a a m h f-- b a n Machad (Uaw 4) IN S T R U C T IO N S A dtaabUnj la iorp a o-- M rb ataba la daath. p a m a --n t ima ppaalinr--aa H ( tk r a a g t amyaU tf-- a l - a f w t f M p M r 1. a r boa# toaa U pend t U day a r ahlri a a which tha Injury a c o r n IMbaarnyaafiobramraarflywm;apmoratada aa n pamaaaal ad aaplala bnady andar 'Cam----ta.* t If tha Injarp aaaltad ta d A I column <c) aba* Om actoal aya lota d ariag th a w ant* baca--o a f D jo rirt whXb t a p i a d la csKsaa (4) akoar tha M m U r a f day la a l daring Iba t -- i m aaik kao>--a a f camtb Do not uta A S.A urna barra# for d--tba or porwianl lMpotnaeta.^ro< faUfllt-- aU M t U vapaaliafgY--Untwhaoa*tntUMdayawaafbMar aanf d*m*# dd--al................ U rT tatiT aw U r^rf --ya w a * F orm S -Front. (See paragraph S. 4.l-a.) 20 21 representatives of the United Stales Nnvy-Mantinio Commission upon request. S-5. Safety Committees. 5.1 The safety director, in cooperation ivitli the slnpyait) general manuger, shall cause to be formed and put into effective operation at least the following safety committees. 5.11 Central safety committee,--(a) Membership: management representative (chair man), safety director (secretary), all superin tendents, foremen, medical department repre sentative, qunrterinen or leadermen, and one employee. (b) Membership of all but management representa tive, medical department representative and safety director may be rotated--terms of 2 mont hs each but rotation to be arranged so only Yi of committee changes each month. (c) Meetings: Shall be monthly or more often as necessary. (d) Duties: This is the policy forming committee for safety work. They review the monthly report as submitted to the United States Navy-Mari time Commission and other records to deter mine the course of safety work for coming period. They decide such matters as type of safety equipment to be used and how it shall be made available to men, types of safety training to be used, whether accident prevention plan is being adherred to, interplant contest awards, etc. Such committees shall review the investi gation on fatal or serious accidents and make recommendations. All Committee members are expected to make practical suggestions to improve shipyard safety. They also review re ports of other committees to make certain sug gestions and recommendations are properly followed through. (e) Secretary: The safety director shall act as secre tary, prepare an agenda, take minutes, prepare a report of committee meeting, and distribute copies of reports to members. He shall follow through with other committees, the suggestions and recommendations of the central safety committee. 22 5.12 Superviso!''' ,<!)ty comnuttee.-- (a) Mcmljci-fiip Management representative, safety iliit'iior, medical department representative, superintendents, foremen, quartermen, and leadprinen. This is a 1otatmg committee; ro tation should ho arranged so all of the super visory staff serve in their respective periods, i. c., superintendents change each four months, foremen each two months, quurtermcn and leadennen each month. In no case should an entire group change at one time. Where a depart ment or unit of a department has an unusually poor record then the responsible supervisory staff--superintendent, foremen, quartermen or leadermen should be retained on the committee until their record is at least equal to the ship yard average. (b) Meetings: Shall be monthly or semimonthly or more frequently, as necessary. (c) Duties: The primary purpose of this committee is the stimulation and maintenance of interest and the education of its members in accident prevention. The shipyard accident record shall be reviewed, the predominant types of ac cidents and the predominant causes of these accidents shall be discussed. Suggestions and recommendations to improve the records are solicited from each member. A t least one timely subject must be discussed at each meet ing; i. c., such as eye injuries and their preven tion, electric shocks, hand tool accidents, etc. Methods of avoiding accidents due to these operations should be presented by the commit tee members. (d) The committee shall review reports of all fatal and1serious accidents and suggest preventive action. I t shall review reports of inspection committees and check on the quality of the sug gested corrective action for unsafe conditions or practices reported. (e) The committee shall carry out the suggestions and recommendations of the central committee. (f) Outside speakers such as safety engineers, insur ance men, State Department of Labor men or ' ----So used from 23 time to time to .stimuliitc inki est of committee members in neciilent-prevention work Sound film strips, motion pictures 01 oilier similar media on .safety subjects can mid .should bo used if available and practicable. (g) Secretary: Same as for central safety committee. 6.13 Regular inspection committee.-- (a) Number: One committee for each department and each hull. (b) Inspection: Weekly or more often as necessary. (c) Membership : A t least two employees and a super visory employee of each job being inspected. The safety director or staff safety engineer should accompany the committee. (d) Duties: To inspect their department or hull for the purpose of discovering and having cor rected unsafe acts and unsafe conditions likely to cause accidents. On each section of a job they should be accompanied by a responsible supervisory employee. They are observers only--the foremen, quartermen or leadermen shall do all corrective work. Where a condi tion is discovered on which there is disagree ment the superintendent shall make the neces sary decision. Hazard immediately danger ous to health, life or limb shall he corrected by the accompanying supervisor at once. (e) The committee shall submit written reports to the safety director and indicate whether accidentproducing conditions or practices have been corrected. These reports shall be referred to the supervisory safety committee by the safety director. I f necessary because of dangerous conditions, he may refer them at once to the general manager. 6.14 Special inspection committees.-- (a) Staging inspectors, electrical inspectors, crane inspectors, boiler inspectors, and others. (b) Membership: Specially qualified individuals or teams permanently assigned to work. (See paragraph 8.15c.) (c) Duties: 1. Staging inspectors: Daily or continuous in spections of all stages shall be made on each \ i in --t,i hit,if mvmIiohs win*11 M.igi"*. tii* 11 *'i lOj.'.ii !k* m a d e o f all d c t e r l s to I" f< - ij|itvimu* loi nnnn*duc 'oriiior> <rfp\ o f tfk* d a i l y lo p o rt dial! njluoitti-j\ to tin* sa fe ty dir ector. * l,l,M: m f|x ilo rM : W eekly in spectio ns 'hall 1; iiiw U ' t,( ail nanes and rigging. Kejants hall I*. Mihmittcd to proper department hoinlH for correction of unsafe conditions or />//*!iffh. Copies of reports oh defects shall he injuJi- to the .safety director. 3. Other iimp('fioi'H: As above and at indicated frequency. 5.15 Safety commitlffn--Ocn^r^_ (a) Coininiiu.es in addition to those specified in these standards, may be formed and operated if desired. (b) Representatives on all committees, when of a su pervisory status, should be appointed by Ihe shipyard geiieml manager and held responsible by him for active and interested participation in the work of the committee. Employee rep resentation limy be secured in the same manner, or by appoint nient of employee committees, union shop slmvards or by election of union moinbcrs or by any other feasible means. (c) lh e services of production employees having re lated duties my be taken advantage of*on inspect ion committees. Stage erectors or repuir non may serve as permanent and continu ous staging inspectors, a man or men from the vonlihition crow may be utilized for checking on Mmtiiation pinetices. The reports of state or insurance inspectors will be considered ade quate on boilers, uir compressors and receivers or on other pressure vessels. S-6. Employee Safety Training. 6.1 The time for tlie safety training of an employee to stmt is at the inception of his employment. After a physical examination, which should be made to make rortnin that the employee is physica y capa e o perfoi hi mg safely tile work he is requesting, the man shall have explained to ,ho safety policy of the company by a representative of the safety ,)epiuimcnt. This may be done indi vidually, in general groups or in craft groups and the instruction may be supplemented by printed instructions in the form of rule books or instruction cards. 6.2 Employees shall have in their possession, and be instructed in the proper use of, all neccssaiy persona] protective equipment before being started on any job. 6.3 General safety rule books, craft safety rule books or safety instruction cards should be supplied employees. Such books should be concise but complete enough to furnish written record of all im portant safety rules. No rule shall be included which will not be strictly enforced. The assistance of United States Navy-Maritime Commission safety engineers will be given in the preparation of such rule books if desired. 6.4 All employees shall be instructed in their specific duties by their immediate supervisor and they shall be made familiar with the hazards of the job and instructed carefully in how to avoid them. I t shall further he the duty of the supervisor to constantly check all employees so unsafe working practices /nay be corrected before accidents occur. 6.5 Safety instruction shall be correlated with all apprentice and craft training schools. Safety instruction in such schools or train ing courses hall include an explanation and demonstration of the need for the safety equipment or safe practices specified and the strict enforcement of all safety requirements in the classes. The instruc tors shall, by their own example, impress upon the learners the importance of the safety requirements. 6.6 Safety bulletin boards shall be located at each hull and shop, and at such other locations where they may be desirable, on which safety posters, letters or bulletins from the shipyard management or safety department and other safety material may be posted. 6.61 The bulletin boards shall be located where the majority of the employees at a particular location will see them. 6.62 The bulletin boards shall be well constructed, have a locked glass cover and shall be lighted at night. 6.63 Safety posters and other material on bulletin boards shall be changed at least semimonthly or more often. (Post ers will be made available by the United States NavyMaritime Commission for the use of shipyards. How ever, posters may be selected by the shipyard safety de partment from any source.) 6.7 Where shipyard house organs (magazines or newspapers) are established, the safety director shall arrange to have a reasonable pro portion of the space devoted to safety (articles, items and cartoon cuts relating to safety will be made available by United States Navy-Mari time Commission safety consultants.) 6.0 Sound-film sti I[<-, .,.,1 p: lures on safety subjects should lie used here practicable. Public uddiess .systems, where installed, m.iy be used for safety messages to shipyard employees csp-crIII 1ly during lunch hours or at shift changes. S-7. Safety Supply Store. 7.1 A safety supply store shall be established in each shipyard where safety shoes, safety hats, protective impact goggles and fillerlens welding goggles shall be made available to shipyard workeis. Shoes may be sold at or near cost to employees, but safety hats and impact and filter-lens goggles shall be issued to each employee but shall remain the property of the company to be returned when the em ployee ends his employment. Equipment such as work clothes, gloves, welders helmets, may also be stocked and sold to employees if desired. 7.11 Goggles may be stocked in the central tool room or first-aid department but should be fitted as described in para graph 7.2 following. 7.2 The attendant of the safety store should be skilled in fitting safety shoes, and if goggles are also issued, he should be trained in proper fitting and servicing of goggles. S-8. Goggles. 8.1 Impact-resisting goggles of a type suitable for the particular job and also of a type meeting the requirements of the United States Bureau of Standards, shall be worn by every employee exposed to the hazard of eye injuries. Practically every employee in the shipyard, with the exception of those working inside offices at all times are either directly exposed to eye injury from the work they do, or indirectly through working near operations which are likely to produce flying objects. (See paragraph H-10.3a, page 4.) 8.2 Except where temporary lack of goggles make it impossible, each employee shall have his own pair of goggles. I f it is necessary to reissue goggles to different employees, the goggles must he sterilized after each use. 8.3 Goggles supplied employees should be carefully fitted to their face to prevent irritation and to prevent the entrance of foreign objects around the edges. (See paragraph 7.2.) 8.4 All employees working in proximity to arc-welding operations shall be required to wear anti "flash" goggles, of at least No. 2-5 shade (or equivalent), of a type meeting the requirements of the United States Bureau of Standards. (See section 9.1 on welding for additional eye protection for welders.) 8.5 Welding screens constructed of wood, metal or other suitable material shall be used to protect the eyes of workers in proximity to electrical welding operations, whenever their use is practicable. 27 S-9. Welding--Arc. 9.1 All wcldeis shall be made familiar with the h,i/,mil- of thr-.r tule anil instructed in safe methods of performing the V a r i o u s types of jobs to which they are assigned. 9.2 Personal protection equipment used by welders shall include: 9.21 Welders' protective hood provided with the proper shade of filter type lens for protection against the harmful rays of the arc and a clear cover glass to protect the filter lens. (a) The shades or their equivalent recommended are: Up to 30 amperes--No. 6-7 Shade. 30 to 75 amperes--No. 8 Shade. 75 to 200 amperes--No. 10 Shade. 200 to 400 amperes--No, 12 Shade. Over 400 amperes--No. 14 Shade. (b) Shades may also be selected from the following table: Rod diameter W elding clo t* ehode mo. Vit -- %*- %-- _____ 10 _______ 10 ______ 10 % r<Ht% =Vi-- ______ 10 ______ 12 _____ 12 _____ 12 ------------- U ________ 14 (c) The welder's hood should be inspected at least weekly to detect possible light leaks, cracked protective glass, or badly fouled or missing cover glasses. Any defects discovered shall be corrected at once. 9.22 Protective leather welders' jacket, long-sleeved wool shirt with buttoned collar and leather welders' glooves and safety hat. (a) I t has been found satisfactory in the hot summer months to substitute flameproofed cotton shirts. I f this is done, the flameproofing, which must must be reapplied after each washing, should be done under the direction of the shipyard. This entails that laundering also be done by the company. Commercial laundries are rapidly undertaking this type of work. 9.23 Hardened and filter lens protective goggles with sideshields to be worn under the hood for protection against harm- L>8 fill rays wlioic me hood i-> inisnl .o.J for prop'.'.-'o'n against flying .scale and chips. The goggles should be of a type meeting the requirements of the United States Bureau of Standards and of at least No. 2-4 shade or equivalent. 9.24 Safety shoes or pnll-on hoots with cord or leather soles and heels. 9.3 Welding screens (constructed of flainepioofed fabric on wood or metal frunies, metal on metal frames, or plywood sheets joined by rings) of a size sufficient to protect men working nearby from the harmful effects of the electric arc rays shall be used on all electric welding operations when practicable. 9.31 A type found very successful by one large company can be economically constructed of Vi" to % " plywood. Two pieces about 18" x 30" are joined at two points along one edge with 2" x Vs" rings. The large size of the rings allows the two pieces to lap sufficiently to make a lightproof joint, while the light weight of the assembled screen makes men more prone to use them. 9.4 Welding leads shall be inspected at least once each shift, and those found defective shall be repaired or replaced. 9.5 All welding leads should be coiled back to centrally located stations after the completion of each shift or job. 9.6 Welding rod tips should not be thrown on decks or stages but should be retained by the welder and turned in at the end of the day for salvage. , 9.7 Each electric welder shall make an inspection of the area'be- low him, and of the opposite sides of bulkheads on which he is work ing, to make certain that there is no danger of falling or penetrating sparks causing a fire. He and his helper must know the location of fire extinguishing equipment and how to use it. I t is recommended that a fire extinguisher be available in the immediate area. 9.8 The safety of women welders presents several special problems which should be carefully considered while women are being trained and during their first several weeks on the job. 9.81 Women will at first be subject to excessive fatigue because they are unaccustomed to shipyard work. In their en thusiasm they are likely to overdo and will, under such conditions, be more prone to accidents and at the least, absences may follow. They should, until they become accustomed to the work, be carefully watched by super visors and if signs of fatigue are evident they should lemnorarilv be riven lighter work. 29 9 92 Work clothing for women is still m the development stage. in gcncial, however, the foliom g should be observed. (a) Safety shoes or pull-on boots with cord or leather soles and heels. (b) Long underwear, union suit type (wool for win ter) khaki trousers and shirt, or coverall type of overall with a drop seat and weldei s' leather uniform. (c) I t is desirable that the outer clothing, unless of wool, be flameproofed. (d) Leather gloves. 9.83 Whenever possible, mechanical means of handling mate rial should be utilized in preference to manual handling. St-10. Burners. 10.1 Equipment for burners shall be the same as that for welders except that the leather clothing and welders'helmets need not be worn. Filter type lens protective glasses with side shields. No. 3-8 shades or their equivalent should be worn. Flameproofed clothing is desirable. 10.2 All individual oxygen and acetylene and other gas lines shall be turned off at the manifold at lunch hour and at quitting time or if the burner must leave the immediate vicinity of his work during the regular shift. 10.3 All hose should be coiled up to the manifold when shifts are changed or when jobs are completed. 10.4 The practice of dusting the clothes by blowing oxygen on them or using oxygen for ventilating or cooling purposes has resulted in several fatalities and shall be absolutely forbidden. Oxygen shall be used only in connection with burning or welding operations. 10.5 Each burner shall make an inspection of the area below him, and o f the opposite sides of bulkheads on which he is working, to make certain that there is no danger of falling sparks causing a fire. He and his helper should know the location of fire-extinguishing equip ment and how to use it. It is recommended that a fire extinguisher be available in the immediate area. 10.6 Burners' uniforms (overalls) shall be laundered at least weekly except that if oil or grease is spilled on the clothing, it shall be changed at once. I t is desirable that arrangements be made by the company to have uniforms (overalls) laundered and flameproofed. 10.7 Defective burning equipment such as torch, hose or cylinder pressure regulators (where cylinders are used), shall be repaired immediately. 10.8 All oxygen and acetylene (gas) lines shall be inspected at least once each shift and those found defective shall be repaired or replaced. 10.9 Standard color coding for oxygen and acetylene pipe lines shall be observed for oxygen and acetylene. (Since it may be impos- 30 niLlo to Mcurc co!o*.h1 host* d u rin g tlu* w ai, identification may be mink* by any practicable moans t-o long a se v eiy burner ami Im inei* helper or any oilier person u h o lias occasion to use oxygen-acetylene (gas) equipm ent is thoroughly fam iliar N\ilh it.) S-11. C ranes (W hirleya, H am m erheads, Uridge, etc.) 11.1 Tlie safe loads as specified fo r cranes on single lift shall not be exceeded. a. For the guidance of crone opeiators, weights of all sections over o tons shall be plainly marked on the section in figures at least 12 inches high. X1.2 On double lifts, cranes shall not be loaded to more than 75% of their combined rated capacities. 11.3 All crane operators shall be given a thorough physical exam ination upon employment and at at least yearly intervals thereafter. Particular attention should be given to the eye examination. 11.4. Crane inspectors. (See section S. 5.14.) 11.5 All whirley and hammerhead cranes shall be provided with bumper guards of % " wire rope or equivalent set from 32 to 36 inches from the ground, and fastened in the form of a half loop to all four wheel covers at the leading and trailing ends of the crane. 11.6 All traveling cranes regardless of the type shall be equipped with a clearly audible automatically operated signal which will indi cate that the crane is in motion. A siren or electric horn pitched to a tone above or below tire general noise level of operations is preferable to a gong or bell. 11.7 The crane operator shall take signals only from the designated hook tenders or riggers and no others. Hook tenders shall be iden tified by special hats or arm bands. 11.8 All loads shall be lifted or lowered under power. 11.9 Employees shall not be permitted to pass between the leading an d trailing trucks of whirley cranes at any tin e. a. Wheel covers shall be provided which will piotect all wheels of whirley, gantry, hammerhead and bridge cranes to a distance of y2 inch from the crane tracks. 11.10 Employees shall not remain under, or pass under crane loads. 11.11 Trolley lines fov cranes shall be protected against accidental contact by men or material, by wood or other suitable sheathing, or if the trolley lines are elevated they shall have a vertical clearance of at least 12 feet above the ground. a. Bumper guaids for trolley ends of bridge cranes should be pro vided to prevent the hoisting cables from swinging into the trolley wires. 31 11.12 The crane operator shell he required to immediately notify a designated department head of any debits he notice., n the crane or its equipment. 11.13 No person otticr than the crane operator, a trainee, the supervisor in charge of cranes, the crane inspector, repairmen on crane repair jobs or safety department men shall be permitted in crane cabs. No more than three persons shall be in the cab at any time. a. Whenever possible, crane operators should be relieved on the ground and not in the crane cab. 11.14 Except under emergency conditions and then only with the approval of the safety department, men shall not ride loads. Men shall never be permitted to ride empty hooks or slings. 11.15 A clearance of at least 2 feet and preferably more shall be maintained between the crane and any stationary object or materials. Where existing structures make this clearance impossible, an exception to this rule may be granted by the United States Navy-Maritime Commission Safety Consultant after an inspection. 11.16 Strong-backs or spreaders should be used on all lifts where there is danger of the load buckling or where the spread is so wide slings or clamps may slip. Steel strong-backs are preferable to wood. 11.17 The hook tenders shall familiarize themselves with the weights of the various plates, shapes and sections handled, so chain or cable slings of the proper size will be used on lifts. 11.18 All chain and cable slings and strongbacks should be clearly marked, by color coding, to indicate the maximum safe load for which they are to be used. 11.19 All electric cranes should he equipped with limit switches to prevent double blocking. 11.20 Storage racks shall be provided for all chain and cable slings at points convenient to the operations so they may be safely stored when not in use. All chain and cable slings shall be inspected before each use by the hook tender and if found defective, shall be sent to the proper department for repair. Such inspections shall be in addi tion to, not substitutes for, the regular inspections by the safety department. S-12. Plant Housekeeping. 12.1 Housekeeping shall be maintained at a high standard in all parts of the shipyard at all times. The following rules shall (or should, as indicated) be put into effect: a. Wide, well-defined roads, aisles, and passages shall be laid out in the yard and shops and they shall be kept clear of obstructions and shall be kept clean and free from debris. The width of aisles and passages in some of the older yards may be limited because of exist- 32 ing structures, but an ciToit should be made to maintain a widlh of twice that of the widest hnwl or ponor truck, pins two feet. 12.12 Aisles and passages should lie defined by white or yellow lines painted on the floors. Materials or machine, should not be permitted to encroach on these lines into the aisle. 12.13 All staging platforms, ramps, stairways, walkways, or other walkway surfaces on shipways shall be kept clcaa of all debris such as welding rod tips, bolts, nuts, and similar material. Welding leads, burner hose and air hose should be elevated over or placed under the walk way surfaces or protected by cross-over planks. They should be neatly arranged and not left in coils or loops where they may cause men to trip and fall. 12.14 All deck areas on hulls shall be kept free of debris and construction material shall be neatly piled so as not to present a hazard to employees. (See par. S. 12.13 on hose, etc.) 12.15 All deck openings shall, as soon as practicable, be pro tected with guardrails at least 42 inches in height set 12" back from the edge of the opening. Manholes may be guarded by tacking three uprights to the deck and then tacking a ring of the proper diameter to the top of the uprights. Hatches, without coamings, may be guarded by tacking uprights to the deck at intervals of not more than 10 feet nnd fastening 2" x 6" or 2 " x 8" timber rails in place at 42" from the deck. Midrails set 21" from the deck may be used also, and are especially rec ommended where women are employed. (a) Where they are projecting stud bolts around the manholes or tank tops, they should be protected with either metal strips or wood covering to prevent slips and falls or snagging of clothing of workers. 12.16 All snow and ice shall be cleaned from stagings and plat forms (by turning the planks), and from decks, before men on regular production are permitted to work on them. 12.17 Free access shall be maintained at all times to all exists and to all fire-alarm boxes or fire-extinguishing equip ment. 12.18 All oils, paints, thinners, solvents, waste, rags, or other flammable substances shall be stored and used strictly 33 in accordance with the requirements of the National Fire 12 Li) 12.20 12.21 I'lo te tth m A.-w* atioii .-.iandards. All staging lumber, or other lumber, when dismantled shall have all nails or spikes removed or bent over. Plates and shapes shall be stored either in substantial metal or heavy timber racks or stored flat on a substan tial timber or concrete foundation that will prevent shifting. (a) Plates and shapes shall be stored so there is at least an 8-foot clearance from the center line of railroad tracks. Angle brackets and similar small pieces shall be stored in racks. 8-13. Lighting. 13.1 A level of illumination should be maintained for the various type of jobs in all shops, at least as high as that recommended by the standards of the Illuminating Engineering Society. Minimum Standards of illumination for certain industrial interiors as recommended by the IHiuamating Engineering Society are as follows : Typeof TFork Assembly: Rough_________ _ M ed iu m ------------------ Minimum operating foomt-ecaosnudrleede-- omn otrhke ____ 10 ........... 20 Construction--In d o o r: G e n e ra l____________ 10 Forge shops and welding 10 Foundries: Charging door, tumbling, cleaning, pouring an d shaking out______ - 0 Rough molding and core making_________________ ----------------------------- 10 Fine molding and core making________________________________________ 20 Machine shops: Rough bench and machine work____________________________ ______ 10 Medium bench and machine work, ordinary autom atic machines, rough grinding, medium buffing so d polishing-------------------------------------- -- 20 Faint shops: Dipping, simple spraying, firing____________________________________ 10 Rubblug, ordinary hand painting and finishing; a rt, steucll and special sp ray in g__ ______ ___ _____ ------------------------------------ ------------------- 20 Power plants, engine rooms, boilers: Boilers, coal au d ash handling, storage b attery rooms___________ --*- 0 Auxiliary equipment, oil sw itches an d trunb/orm ers----------- ---------- - 10 Engines, generators, blowers, compressors----- -- ------- --------------- -------- 10 R eceiving a n d shipping _____________ _______ _________ . . . . -- - --_-- 10 Sheet metal works: Miscellaneous machines, ord in ary bench work______-____ 10 Punches, presses, shears, stam ps, welders, spinning medium tench w o rk ________________________________ _____________ ________ ---- 90 34 Mut{tnum Type of w ort foot-ctxndlcs-- mt*ard Steel and Iron ir.nm ifiuturlng: u>o/ k Billet, blooming, etiect bnr, skelp and slabbing millfl--------------------- fi Boiler room, powerhouse, foundry aud furnace room s.------------------- 5 Cold atrip, pipe, rail, rod, tube, universal p late and w ire draw ing_____ 10 Repair sbops: Rough bench and machine w ork------------------- -------------------------- 10 Medium bench and m achine w ork--------------------------------------------- 20 Blacksm ith shop____________ ._____________________________________ 10 Carpenter and p a tte rn shop----------------------------------------------------------- 20 S to rag e___________________________________________________________ 2 Store and stock rooms: Rough bulky m aterial_______________ ______________________________ 5 Medium or fine m aterial requiring care------------------------------------------- 10 S tructural steel fabrication____________________________________________ 10 W oodw orking: Rough saw ing and bench work________ 10 Sizing, planing, rough sanding, medium machine and bench work, glu ing. veneering, cooperage----- .------------------------------------------------------- 20 13.2 All lights should be provided with reflectors suitable for the type of work being done and meeting the requirements of wartime dim-out regulations. A regular schedule of cleaning and mainte nance should be instituted that will keep the lighting units at their original efficiency. S-14. H and Tools. 14.1 All tool rooms issuing hand tools such as hammers, sledges, chisels, spud wrenches, center punches, portable air-driven tools, port able electric tools and other tools should be inspected daily by a safety engineer to make certain that only tools in good condition are bqing issued. Tools in poor condition shall not be issued. 14.2 Workers' personal tool kits should be inspected at monthly intervals so defective tools may be discovered and repaired. S-I5. H andling M aterial (Manual). 15.1 All employees should be instructed in the proper method of lifting. No limit can be set as to the maximum weight to be lifted by one man, but it should be made clear to all employees that they should secure help if the load is too heavy or too bulky for one man to handle easily. Mechanical equipment should always be used when it is available and its use is practicable. 15.11 Posters illustrating the proper method of lifting should be displayed frequently and men observed lifting incor rectly should be reinstructed by their supervisor. S-16. M achine G uarding. 16.1 All belts, pulleys, gears, chains, sprockets or other dangerous moving parts of machines shall be completely enclosed with guards V<vW 35 constructed of angle-iron brackets covered with hcavj1sheet metal or i/h-mcli wne mesh. Vertical or inclined its shall la, gum-led to a height of 6 feet above the floor. Horizontal belts over 8 feet above the floor may be guarded only on the under side. Gears, chains and sprockets should be guarded no matter where located. 16.11 Since metal may not be available for guards at present, substantially constructed wood guards will be acceptable. 16.12 In all cases where state requirements are more stringent than those given above, the state rulings must be fol lowed. 16.2 All machines shall be guarded at the point of operation so employees will not be injured while operating the machine. 16.21 The standards of guarding for the various machines as recommended by the Insurance Bating Bureau should be followed except where state requirements are more stringent when the latter will take precedence. S-17. Staging and Ladders. 17.1 United States Navy--Maritime Standards of Construction for shipyard staging is in the process of development and will replace the present recommended practice when published. 17.2 All staging, scaffolding, platforms and walkways shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of the California State Industrial Commission except where existing state codes are more stringent in which case the latter shall take precedence. 17.3 All ladders should conform to the American Standard Safety o Code on ladders.