Document BvV7GgBNDKd0az6XMvpzqZOxL

GENERAL SESSIONS 1949 National Safety Congress (Index to Transactions of all Sessions) BACK OF BOOK Officers, Trustees, and Board of Directors/......................... 3 Remarks on the Proposal to Secure a National Charter for the National Safety Council....... ............... II We Prefer Murder.................................................................. II Safety in Transportation....................................................... 13 Safety in Six Easy Lessons................................................... 17 ) Banquet No Time to Quit...................................................................... 23 Safety Exposition Exhibitors........................................................29 Index ..................................................back* of book Volume 1 Transactions 1949 National Safety Congress NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 20 Norik Wacfcer Drive Chicago 6, Illinois i? m c) PLAINTIFF'S PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT EXHIBIT 1 P 63053.QA 000 In safely, as in all other human activities, the question is repeatedly asked, "What's new?" Many answers to that question are given every year by those who participate in the various sessions of tire National Safety Congress. Many new methods, devices, and ideas which later became generally accepted first were presented at a Congress session. Because of this fact, safety leaders throughout the nation have always found the Transactions of the Congress a valuable tool in their accident prevention programs. Publication of the Transactions in small volumes--one for each Section or Division--permits wide distribution of pertinent portions of the Congress material to key individuals at small cost. The 33 volumes of the 1949 Congress Transactions are listed on the last page. Distribution of these volumes to lay personnel is suggested as a valuable aid in the safety program. In preparing these Transactions the proceedings of die Congress have been condensed and edited for reference purposes. Complete original manuscripts, with airy charts or illustrations which were used, are available in National Safety Council files. Views expressed at the * Congress or in this record are those of the Congress-participants, and not necessarily those of the National Safety Council. National ( lafety Councdl OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: James Tanham, "Vice-President, Industrial and Public Relations, The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. * President: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L Vice-President for Farms: Gov L. Noble; Managing Director, Na tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago,1 111. Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer: O. Gres'sens, VicePresident and Comptroller, Commonwealth Edison Company, Chi cago, I1L Vice-President for Homes: Da. D. B. Armstrong, Second VicePresident, Metropolitan life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Industry: George A. Jacoby, Director of Per sonnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Vice-President for Local Safety Organisations: Kenneth B. Gocman, Seattle, Wash. Vice-President for Membership: E. W. Kemfton, Assistant Vice. . President, United States Steel Corporation of Delaware, Pitts} burgh. Pa. Vice-President for Public Information: Boyd Lewis, Executive Edi tor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. John W. Stodebaker, Scholastic Magazines, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation: Thomas H. Mac Donald; Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Dept of Commerce; Washington, D. C Vice-President for Women's Activities: Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Win chester, Bid. Secretary: R. L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safety Coun cil, Chicago, HL Assistant Treasurers: B. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc, Chicago, I1L; H. H. Gree^twald, Director Account ing Division, National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L 3 2* National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman of the Trustees: William A. Irvin, Member, Finance Committee and Board of Directors, United States Steel Corp., New York; N.Y. Vice-Chairman of the Trustees: Robert C. Stanley, Chairman, Board of Directors, International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd, New York, N. Y. Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Members Winthrop W. Aldrich, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. Melvin H. Baker, President, 'National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif. S. Broce Black, President, liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Morgan B. Braixard, President, Aetna life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Cason J. Callaway, Blue`Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and light Company, Dallas, Tex. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Com pany, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colman, Seattle, Wash. Howard Cookley, Chairman, Executive Committee, American Standards Association, New York; N. Y.. Frederick G Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc, Cleve land, Ohio. Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, 111. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. (Ex-OffidoJ. Richard R. Deupree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. Benjamin F. Fair less, President, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. H. W. Fraser, Chairman, Railway Labor Executives' Association, Cedar Rapids, la. 4 Natioi Safety National lafety Councdl Francis J. Gavin, President, Great Northern Railway Company, St Paul, Minn. Walter S. Gifford, New York, N. Y. * William Green, President, American Federation of Labor, Wash ington, D. C E. Roland Harreman, Brown Brothers Harriman and Company, New York, N. Y. William A. Irvin, Member, Finance Committee and Board of Di rectors, United States Steel Corporation, New York; N. Y. William M. Jeffers, Vice-Chairman, Board of Directors, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Pasadena, Calif. Horace P. Ltversidge, Chairman, Board of Directors, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Gustav Meizman, President, New York Central System, New York; N. Y. Thomas A. Morgan, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Sperry Corporation, New York, N. Y. Philip Murray, President, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. G Benjamin O'Shea, Member, Board of Directors, Union Carbide and Carbon Gorp, New York, N. Y. Thomas I. Parkinson, President, Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York; N. Y. W. S. S. Rodgers, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Texas Conf^ pony. New York, N. Y. William A. Simpson, President; William Simpson Construction Company, Los Angeles, Calif. Herbert E. Smith, Chairman, Board of Directors, United States Rubber Company, New York, N. Y. Robert G Stanley, Chairman, Board of Directors, International Nickel Co. of Canada, Ltd, New York; N. Y. John Stowell, Vice-President, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc, New York, N. Y. James Tanham, Vice-President; Industrial & Public Relations, Hie Texas Company, New York, N. Y. (Ex-Officio). Juan T. Trippe, President, Pan-American Airways System, New York, N. Y. G E. Wilson, President, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Charles E. Wilson, President, General Electric Company, New York, N. Y. Charles Deere Wimak, President, Deere and Company, Moline, 111. Robert W. Woodruff, Chairman, Executive Committee, The Coca- Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. * 5 National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board of Directors: Jakes Tanbak, Vice-Presi dent, Industrial and Public Relations, The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors: Gtnr L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chi cago, I1L Members A. F. Allen, President, Texas Employers Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. Dr. D. B. Armstrong, Second Vice-President, Metropolitan Life In surance Company, New York; N. Y. J. Jakes Ashton, Manager, Delaware Safety Council, Wilmington, DeL J. L Banash. Consulting Engineer, Chicago, I1L C W. Beegquist, Western Springs, HL L. A. Blanchard, Assistant to the General Chairman, Federal Inter departmental Safety Council, Washington, D. C R. A. L. Bogan, Executive Vice-President, Greyhound Corporation, Chicago, I1L Norman EL Borgerson, Assistant Superintendent, State Department of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. Thomas EL Braniff, President, Braniff Airways; Incorporated, Dallas, Tex. Fred W. Braun, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, The Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. Theo Brown, Director, Deere and Company, Moline, BL W. F. Brown, Safety Director, Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Ino, New York, N. Y. James B. Carey, Secretary-Treasurer, Congress of Industrial Or ganizations, Washington, D. C. Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. Kenneth B. Colxan, Seattle, Wash. Dr. B. L. Corbett, Manager, Milwaukee Safety Commission, Mil waukee, Wis. G F. Cornish, Director, Aero Commission of Indiana, Indianapolis, Ind. Clep F. Craig, Vice-President in charge of Finance and Revenue Requirements, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. A. J. R. Curtis, Assistant Secretary & Safety Director, Portland Cement Association, Chicago, BL Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, BL George P. Delaney, International Representative, American Federa tion of Labor, Washington, D. G D. G Everest, President, Marathon Corporation, Rothschild, Wis. 6 National 7>afety Councdl Wallace Falvey, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. R. H. Ferguson, Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio. Miss Katherine Fisher, Director of Good Housekeeping Institute, Good Housekeeping Magazine, New York; N. Y. O. Ghessens, Vice-President and Comptroller, Commonwealth Edison Company, Chicago, 111. W. Earl Hall, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason City, la. Joliek H. Harvey, Manager, Accident Prevention Dept, Associa tion of Casualty and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. Dr. T. Lyle Hazleit, Medical Director, Westinghouse Electric Cor poration, East Pittsburgh, Pa. Miss Eleanor Howe, Editor in Chief, "What's New in Home Eco nomics," Chicago, EL Fred W. Hubbeu, President, Equitable Life Insurance Company of Iowa, Des Moines, la. Dr. Herold C. Hunt, General Superintendent, of Schools, Chicago, I1L George A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Winchester, Ind. Frank L. Jones, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the U. S,, New York, N. Y. \ E. W. Kempton, Assistant Vice-President, United States Steel Cor/ poratitHi of Delaware, Pittsburgh, Pa. R. B. Kidwell, President; Printograph, Inc, Hollywood, Calif. Walter G. King, Safety Director, American Optical Company, New York, N. Y. Franklin M. Kresil, Director, Traffic Division, International Asso ciation of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, 111. Walter D. Ladd, Manager, St Joseph Safety Council, St Joseph, Mo. ' Walter G. Legge, President; Walter G. Legge Company, Inc, New York, N. Y. Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor,. NEA-Acme, New York; N. Y. John E. Long, Superintendent of Safety, The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. George H. Lowe, Lowe and Huggins, Ogden Utah' A. E. Lyon, Executive Secretary, Railway Labor Executives' Asso ciation, Washington, D. C Dr. G. Foard McGinnes, Vice-President for Health Services, The American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C Thoicas H. MacDonald,' Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C 7 National Safety Council Dr. Austin R. Meadows, State Superintendent of Education, State Department of Education, Montgomery, Ala. I. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves Company, Danville, 111. Harold L. Mines, Manager, Safety & Fire Prevention Div, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc, Wilmington, Del. Harry M. Moses, President, H. C Frick Coke Company, Pitts burgh, Pa. D. E. Mumpord, Superintendent of Safety, New York Central Sys tem, New York, N. Y. Lacey V. Mukkow, Assistant to Vice-President, Association of Amer ican Railroads, Washington, D. C Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee oh Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, I1L Henry E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan life Insurance Com pany, San Francisco, Calif. Harry M. Pontious, Safety Director, Farm Bureau Mutual Auto mobile Insurance Co, Columbus, Ohio. Theodore S. Rjectuer, President, The Advertising Council, Inc, Washington, D. C Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Executive Vice-President, Owens- Coming Fibexglas Corporation, Toledo, Ohio. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety & Welfare, Duluth, Mis- sabe and Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn. Dr. K. Frances Scott, President, The National Federation of Busi ness and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc, Northampton, Mass. Charles B. Shuman, President, Illinois Agricultural Association, Chicago, IH. Judce Lee E. Skeel, Appellate Court, Cleveland, Ohio. R. T. Solensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Company, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Leslie J. Sorenson, Gty Traffic Engineer, Gty of Chicago, Chi cago, Iff. Dr. John W. Stutebaker, Scholastic Magazines, New York, N. Y. James Tanham, Vice-President, Industrial and Public Relations, The Texas Company, New York, N. Y. J. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Production Manager, Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio. Miss Judith C. Waller, Director of Public Affairs & Education, National'Broadcasting Company, Central Division, Chicago, 111. Ivan L. Willis, Vice-President in Charge of Industrial Relations, International Harvester Company, Chicago, III. Dwight W. Wixkelmax, President, D. W. Winkelman Company, . Inc, Syracuse, N. Y. C E. Wooueves, Director of Personnal, A. O. South Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Dr. William P. Yant, Director of Research & Development, Mine Safety Appliances Company, Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh. Pa. Harold G Zulauf, Vice-President, Alexander Smith & Sons Car pet Company, Yonkers, N. Y. 8 The 1949 A National Safe Grand Ballroo cago, on Octi Dearborn, Pre Following t Anthem, Pres quorum preset) was voted to the roll; also of the minutes ing, the minu circulated to tl President D of the Nomin sisted of the ft Yant, Chairm W. F. Brown, Lowe, R. T. S Dr. Yant rci mating Comm Constitution a name candidati tees, to the B< offices except i President. Th< Dr. Yant state retary of the five days befoi nounced to all September 9, l1 Dr. Yant tb for Trustees < for a three-ye John W. Gan Benjamin F. F S. Gifford, Wi riman, Wilma T. A. Morgai Rogers, and Note: A comj eluding those 1 meeting; as v office from pr pages 4 and Dr. Yant pi rectors, to be year. (Seereta 9 Annual Council Meeting V .....--.1 . Minutes The 1949 Annual Council Meeting of the National Safety Council was held in the Grand Ballroom of the Stevens Hotel, Chi cago, on October 24, with Mr. Ned H. Dearborn, President, presiding. Following the singing of the National Anthem, President Dearborn announced a quorum present, in person or by proxy. It was voted to dispense with the calling of the roll; also to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the previous Annual Meet ing, the minutes having been printed and circulated to the membership. President Dearborn called for the report of the Nominating Committee, which con sisted of the following members: Dr. W. P. Yant, Chairman, Norman E. Borgerson, W. F. Brown, Wallace Falvey, George H. Lowe, R. T. Solensten, and Ivan L. Willis. Dr. Yant reported in behalf of the Nom inating Committee, pointing out that the Constitution authorizes the Committee to name candidates for election to the Trus tees, to the Baud of Directors, and to all offices except the office of Executive ViceP'-esident. The selections of the Committee, jYant stated, were reported to the Seci^ary of the Council more than seventyfive days before this meeting, and were an nounced to all members of the Council on September 9,1949. Board of Directors, as nominated and elected .at tins meeting, will be found on pages 6, 7, and 8, of this volume.) Dr. Yant presented nominations for Offi cers of the Council. In doing so, he stressed the Council's appreciation to two men who are retiring from their offices this year, namely. Dr. H. T. Heald, Vice-President for Schools and Colleges, and Leslie J. Sorenson, Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation. (Secretary's Note: A' list of the officers nominated and elected at this meeting will be found on page 3 of this volume) There were no nominations except those presented by Dr. Yant, and the Secretary announced that the entire proxy vote, num bering 7,728, was cast in favor of the nom inees proposed by the Nominating Commit tee Those attending the meeting also voted without dissent in favor of the nominations presented. President Dearborn thereupon declared the election of those proposed by the Nominating Committee, and introduced those Officers who were seated at the speak ers' table. Mr. Dearborn took occasion to express the deep sorrow and regret of Council Mem bers in the death of Mrs. L. K. Nicholson, Vice-President for Women's Activities, who died June 6, 19491 Dr. Yant then presented as the nominees for Trustees of the Council, to be elected for a three-year term: Lawrence D. Bell, John W. Carpenter, William G. Chandler, Benjamin F. Fairless, H. W. Fraser, Walter S. Gifford, Wiliam Green, E. Roland Harriman, William A. Irvin, H. P. Liversidge, T. A. Morgan, Philip Murray, W. S. S. Rogers; and John Stilwell. (Secretary's Note: A complete list of the Trustees, in cluding those nominated and elected at tins meeting, as well as those continuing in office from previous elections; is given on pages 4 and 5 of this volume.) Dr. Yant presented nominations for Di rectors, to be elected for a term of one year. (Secretary's Note: A list of the new Mr. Dearborn referred to the booklet "The Council's 36th Year," which had been distributed to those attending the meeting. This booklet contained a summary of Coun cil activities during the past year. He also announced that the 1950 National Safety Congress would be held in Chicago, Octo ber 16-20. The remainder of tiie program consisted of a brief report on the-proposed National Charter for the National Safety Council by the Honorable Clifford Davis, Member of the United States House of Representa tives from Tennessee; an address entitled "We Prefer Murder 1", by Dr. K. Frances Scott, President, The. National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, During pas this country Federal Gov of National that any orgs should be 01 record of s nation as a w don which o regard to ere to political In my ju Council meet more, which i baas for gr Bom tfairty-s tion has com nence, and h to the countr be a most tx the National I am glad' taken in this President. Americans abhor war an When disaste ricane, strike open our pot reforms to pt Then we h mg a cold si pen one by 01 and maimed ; war and disas of 100.000 d phis 10.000.0C billion dollars drawn. Amex ! self-destructio Today I wi Remarks on the Proposal to Secure a National , Charter lor the National Safety Council By HONORABLE CLIFFORD DAVIS Member from Tennessee, United States House of Representatives During' past years certain organizations in this country lave been recognized by the Federal Government through the granting of National Charters. It is perfectly dear that any organization selected for this honor should be one which has an outstanding record of service and usefulness to the ration as a whole It should be an organiza tion which operates without profit; without regard to creed or color, and without regard to political or .sectional affiliations. In my judgment; the National Safety Council meets all of the qualifications, and more; which might be properly set up as the bass for granting of a Federal Charter. Bora thirty-seven years ago, this organiza tion has come to such a place of pre-emi nence, and has sold itself so substantially to the country at large that I fed it would be a most natural and appropriate act for the National Government to grant a charter. I am glad to say that a big step has been taken in this direction; the House of Rep resentatives has . unanimously passed the lull which authorizes the charter. The charter hill has also been introduced in the Senate, and I sincerely believe that favorable action may be expected in the early days of 1950. In tins connection it is important for you to know, also; that there is under con sideration in tiie Senate a separate bill, setting up standards for Federal Chartering, which all organizations would have to reach to obtain such. national recognition. Per sonally, I have no doubt whatsoever about the National Safety Council's ability to meet whatever standards may be set np. It is a pleasure to make this report to the members of the National Safety Council, meeting at this Congress, and I look for ward to the day when the President of the United States will affix his signature to a charter bill which will bring added prestige and honor to this great organization, and to the safety movement as a whole, in which you and I are proud to have a part We Prefer Murder By K. FRANCES SCOTT, M. D. President The National Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs ' Americans are sentimental folk. We abhor war and weep over the casualty lists. When disaster, such as flood, fire or hur ricane, strikes anywhere in* the world we open onr pocketbooks and loudly call for reforms to prevent recurrences. Then we belie our own feelings by turn ing a cold shoulder to accidents that hap pen one by one, but pie up totals of killed and maimed greater, than the casualties of war and disaster. With a continuing record of 100,000 deaths a year from accidents, plus 10,000,000 injuries, at a cost of 7J4 Ultion dollars only one conclusion can be drawn. Americans- stilLprefer murder and self-destruction by accidents. Today I would like to discuss this prob lem with you from two standpoints, first from that of physician and educator who has dealt with college students for three decades and second as representative of the largest organization of business and pro fessional women in the world. From the standpoint of the former I am especially concerned over die third of the three safety ETs--education. From the stand point of tiie latter I 'am concerned with the neglect to use. efficiently our local service clubs in the safety program. Undeniably great progress has been made in - safety promotion in this country, but largely through use of the first two safety E's, engineering and enforcement Where laws and regulations, inspections and en- 12 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes forcemeat are possible, accident rates have dropped This is especially true of industry, large businesses and public transportation. But where laws and inspections are less applicable, accident rates still dimb. Such are the fields of home and farm, now fur nishing our highest accident rates. We would have to be a "police state" indeed if we depended for home and farm safety on laws against slippery rugs, wobbly lad ders, unligfated halls and steps, cluttered strurs, etc. There are certain fields where these two E's do not apply well But even in the fields where engineering and enforcement are possible and used they alone do not stop all accidents. Take sane illustrations from various industrial occu pations. Analysis shows that the "unsafe practices and act/' of the worker himself cause from SO to 80 per cent of the acci dents. In the home and on the farm the human bring is largely responsible for the accidents. On the highway die motorist and the pedestrian cause most of the accidents. It is high time we realized that our next great task in safety is persuading the human being to like safety rather than murder and destruction. And the way to accomplish that is less by law than by education. We are faced with the task of making safety, instead of danger, appealing and glamorous; of malting human brings cooperative and understanding rather than hostile and ig norant In fact our job is to convert the unsafe human being into a safe person; to per suade people to like safety. The largely forgotten and much neglected factor in ac cidents, the human bring, must be effectively dealt with. Education is a trick}' thing. It must use normal human motivations to succeed. It is my contention that so far safety educa tion bas had two glaring educational faults. It has employed far too much- of the "scare 'em stiff" method and has depended too much on "don't do this" instead of "let's try this." Call to mind all the magazine articles, the advertising posters, the movies, etc, that stress horror and fear as a motive for safety. I doubt if these are any more effective than the old "Hellfire" preaching was in setting us all on the road to heaven! The plain fact is that the human bring is incapable of maintaining a prolonged state of fear. That is a very ineffective motiva tion for human conduct, especially for young people We "don't scare good," we Americans. Negative; "don't do this;" education Is also bad. May I offer an example from ob servation of what strikes me as very nega tive safety education? Daily I see squads of school children conducted across the streets by police officers. Yes; this proce dure undoubtedly saves lives at that mo ment and could not be abandoned. Yet in that same city never a day goes by but what some child runs oat from behind a parked car into the road and is hit; or plays unseen .back of a car in a driveway and is run over; or rides Ins bike into the bade or door of a stopped car. What kind of safety education is it that does not teach a child how to act safely when the school traffic officer is not around? I am heretic enough to believe it is of more value to teach a child how to cross the street safely in the middle of, a block than to let his teaching be to wait for the policeman to lead him across by the hand. Safety education* should be positive-- should draw the saffc and efficient way. We Americans are proud of our skills and effi ciency. Why not use these as motivations for safety? These appeal greatly to the age groups that at present furnish us our highest accident rates. Why does the youngster 13% excessive speed and disregard traffic regu lations? He is showing off his doll and effi ciency in handling a car. He is living romantically and subduing his environment as his ancestors conquered the wilderness and the wild beasts. Until we use these motivations to satisfy his ego safely; until we make safety a skill to be proof of, we shall have trouble with the young driver. We are told that the "accident prone" person may be responsible for as high as 80 per cent of the accidents. Yet very few places pay any attention to the reeducation of this safety-sick individual. The nation was recently shocked by the death by taxicab-of a prominent woman author. Yet-we should have been more shocked when we learned that the driver had 22 traffic of fenses to bis record and was still allowed to drive. We need to tackle the accident prone person as the individual problem of an emotionally ride human bring. How are tl educated in ss watched thre operate in th< My mother's dent and me gadgets appali unplanned, hit own generate had more ex] modem house some training and safety ir worker before a safer hots every housewi previous safe! to reach the in her domes in safety shi teaching of s Might I sl cation is nee city traffic cot of traffic offie few cities ant tions sometim an insult to hi of enforcemei sped for trail cause the mo! they are reas town frankly can return ea average motor ulations. Whe the entrance t arrest instead little incentive May I offe personal expei I passed first uncongested, v limit marked later I was n I am happj spea_k_____b_ efore . ungnss. in somewhat like Safety in Transportation 13 How are the people in the home to be educated in safety? Having in my lifetime |yed three generations of housewives o* ite in the home I am not discouraged. My mother's generation made very ineffi cient and messy housekeepers. Mechanical gadgets appalled them. Their methods were unplanned, laborious and scatterbrained. My own generation was somewhat better. We had more experience with mechanics. The modem housewife is very apt to have had some training in efficiency, in orderliness and safety in positions as office or store worker before marriage. She usually makes a safer housekeeper. We cannot expect every housewife; however, to have had this previous safety training and we shall have to reach the girl.in high school. There; in her domestic science courses, education in safety should be incorporated as the teaching of skills for household efficiency. Might I suggest another field where edu cation is needed--education of town and city traffic committees and commissions and of traffic officers? At present, except in a few cities and states, tire rules and regula tions sometimes appear to the motorist as an insult to his intelligence while the method of enforcement makes .him hostile. Disre spect for traffic regulations is rampant, be cause tire motorist has not been persuaded they are reasonable or necessary. When a town frankly enforces only traffic laws that can return easy money to the treasury the Yage motorist has no respect for die regMaas. When he is slapped in tire face at the enhance to the city by signs threatening arrest instead of inviting cooperation he has little incentive to he law abiding. May I offer as an Shrstration a recent personal experience? On a ninety mile drive I passed first through a small town with uncongested, wide main street with the speed limit martal as 15 miles. Half an hour later I was in ai large dty with a similar wide main street, heavily congested, where the speed limit was 35 miles! I drove ten miles on a modem four-lane; divided high way in the country where the limit was 40 miles, only five more than in the cotter of a lug dty. Later I was on another fourlane highway with speed limit of 45. miles. When this dwindled to an old-type two-lane curving road the speed limit still .remained 45 miles! I do not wonder that motorists so often disregard speed signs when they .seem to insult their intelligence and strain their credulity as to their necessity- or wisdom. Our paper reported recently an arrest by a traffic officer of an out-of-state motorist for speeding. According to the testimony, when tiie motorist requested information as to the allowable speed on that highway, the officer replied, "It is 60. 50, 40, 30, 20 or 10 miles as / decide." Could such method of enforcement breed anything bnt hostility? Finally may I offer a comment on tiie failure to utilize the average citizens banded together in clubs in every community. The safety program, of necessity, started and has largely remained in the hands of tech nical experts and government authorities. Bnt if we are to convert this unsafehuman-being factor in accidents the em phasis must shift to the enlistment of citi zens for cooperation and understanding. Who better can put pressure -on city and state officials for reasonable safety meas ures and enforcement than the voters them selves? Where better can we reach these voters than through the already existing organizations in every community? Let's not neglect or waste this powerful force for safety. Onr greatest problem in safety today is the unregenerate; murderously inclined hu man bring. He must be converted to safety before our murders by accidents will decline. Safety In Transportation - By GUSTAV MBTZMAN President, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. I sun happy and proud to be invited to speak before this opennlg session of the Congress. Yet I must confess that I fed somewhat like tiie man on horseback who rode, carrying a lantern, in front of our freight trains as they crept down trades in the middle of Tenth Avenue in New York many years ago. 14 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes Behind that man rolled a modern miracle deaths, as well as the destruction of prop of transportation. In front of him were erty. all the hazards of human helplessness and carelessness. He was a man in the middle --unable to control the train except to give warning it was coming. And Ids progress was very slow. Other speakers at this Congress will talk; I know, more specifically about safety op erations in their fields. You kindly invited me as a transportation man to discuss safety. As a transportation man I naturally So I stand here today, as we all do, think of safety in all its aspects, but I think giving a warning that more and more haz particularly of safety on wheels. There is ards to safety tread on our heels as modern a challenge to safety every time a wheel machines develop. But we hold one power turns! die man on horseback did not have--we can plan and work to make the machines safer, to check dangerous developments and to provide safeguards for diem. I am proud to recall that Mamis A. Dow, of tiie New York Central, presided over tiie first Railroad Sectional Meeting of this Congress in 1915. That was the I am glad to see that die National Safety Council statistics show, for another year, improvements both in the total accident fa tality picture and in the motor vehicle fatality picture. Nevertheless, there is no room for complacency or great satisfaction in any year when as many as 98,000 people are killed and 10,300,000 are injured in accidents, as occurred in 1948. For safety is not a game in which we are merely trying to break "par," or break the previous record. There is no par for die safety course; but if there were one, it would be die par of no accidents. We are fighting a constant battle in which any death or injury due to accident is a wasteful loss, as well as a tragedy for some indi fourth session of tiie Congress, or five fall years after the New York Central System had begun to make safety work a respon sible part of its operating organization. Speaking as a follower of Mr. Dow in this field, I must repeat the questions which he and his fellow pioneers asked almost thirty-five years ago: Have safety legisla tion and regulation accomplished safety enforcement? Have we, the people, done our utmost to further safety? The answer to each of these questions is an honest NO. Each year we discover new needs, new lacks, and all in all we make progress. But we continually find that our work is only beginning. vidual and those around him. . On the railroads we know that we have As long as lives are lost or persons in jured, there is small comfort to be found in statistics that amply say, "Look, we didn't loll or maim quite as many people as we did last year" .. . In safety planning and operations we in industry cany many responsibilities. An industry most take every posable precau tion to protect its workers. When that in dustry also operates on wheels on or across public rights-of-way, it has die added bur den of preventing collisions, insofar as pos sible. The mobile industries--transportation --also have the responsibility of avoiding or mitigating conditions that cause public risks, even though their own properties themselves may not be directly involved in such collisions. done much. We seek always to accomplish more. The railroads, I can testify, have always been far ahead of the laws--spend ing many, many millions for improvements that contributed to safety through years when earnings were poor or inexistent, and when dividends for stockholders were thin, if declared at alL May I cite three examples only, of developments financed entirely within the American enterprise system, that have guaranteed an enviable record for train passengers and tiie regular, safe move ment of freight? The railroads control their flow of traffic with tiie aid of automatic block signal sys tems that cover more than 105,000 miles of track. An important note is that almost 94,000 miles of trade had automatic block This applies equally to railroads and to the automotive users of the highways. Few things are more vulnerable in every-day accidents than the human body. And acci signals prior to 1937--before any law re quiring such systems had been enacted. In addition, other block signals control 33^000 more miles. dents mean injuries to human bodies, or Centralized traffic control over the busiest railroad trad of 1,975 tnih to coverage 1947. And 4 voluntary; As a final which could using appnn rices. And < and signal < was ordered merce Crum AH these c activities, an fact that tra day is thret quarter-centu It is true number of ; 1948, raOroai 1,612 lives : responsibility was shared dodge. Even to learn that grade cross* other vehicle* mid locomot light signals, railroads hav pease in orde The recon than the rea our pride in deaths and in of which ra railroads don their accident To mentiot have spent, si lions of tbei elimination o railroads woe if they could To mention and ennwittt* alone, more i post-war year mg gates w crossing flash installations, j dollars, also a railroads. Thus it can have done an Safety m Transportation 15 railroad tracks was Increased from coverage qfl,975 miles of trade an January 1, 1937, :' |overage of 8347 miles by January 1, .. J. And all of these insbdlatioiis were voluntary; none was required by law. As a final statistic among many others which could be cited, the railroads are using approximately 4*500 interlocking de vices. And of all these interlocking switch and signal controls, only one--just one-- was ordered installed by the Interstate Com merce Commission. , All these developments, extensive training activities, and modi more, lie behind the fact that travel on American railroads to day is three times safer than it was a qnarter-centnry ago. It is true there have been a lamentable manlier of accidents involving trains; In 1948* railroad grade crossing accidents cost 1,612 lives and 4*255 injuries. Naturally, responsibility for many of these casualties was shared with others. Trains cannot dodge; Even so, , it may come as a surprise to learn that about thirty per cent of the grade crossing accidents are caused by other vehicles naming into the rides of cars and locomotives--ignoring gates, flashing light signals, and other devices which the railroads have installed at their own ex pense in order to avoid sneb occurrences. The record for 1948 was much better than the record for 1947. But we temper ' Y pride in that improvement. The 1948 Aths and injuries were far too many. All of which raises file questions--Have file railroads done all that they can to improve fiiar accident records? Can they do more? To mention just one item, the railroads have spent, since 1935, literally tens of mil lions of their own funds to help finance elimination . of grade crossings. And file railroads would do even more in this field if they could find the looney for it To mention another item, we have spent and committed, on file New York Central alone; more than $200y000 in these four post-war years for file installation of cross ing gates with flashing lights, and for crossing' flashing fights. Similarly extensive nwtafiatinns, nuuiing into many millions of dollars* also are bring made by many other railroads. - .* Thus it can writ be said that the railroads have dooe and are dung much; and that they plan to do as much more as is humanly possible. . A moment ago I cited the actual figures of grade crossing accidents in which rail roads were* involved in 1948. In fairness, I would like to fit them here into the gen eral picture. One of the nation's great in surance companies, the Travelers, shows in its newest "Book of Street and Highway Accident Data" that railroad grade crossing accidents accounted for cmly 33 per cent of vehicular accidental deaths, and only one-half of one per cent of such injnries. The injury percentage, as tabulated in that survey, was so small fiat it was bettered only by the record for horse-drawn vehicles! These records exemplify application by the railroads of what have been called the three E's of safety--Engineerings Education and Enforcement The railroads have no monopoly on their application. We foster them in onr operations and constantly check those operations for improvement Not only the railroads bat industry after industry within the realm of self-sustaining American private enterprise has set its own records; in plant and out of plant Further more, some of those which have failed to posh hard enough, to devote maximum en ergy and expenditures to safety, have been forced more and more into fine by commu nity pressure. On more than one occasion, I assure you, railroads have frit that community pressure in many ways. Under modem enlightened management; they welcome alt constructive pressure. For railroads, as some persons are prone to forget, are part of the very fabric of communities--and a very major part The railroads are among the largest tax payers m all states. They five by, for, and with each community they serve. What helps the community hdps the railroads. And costly extravagances fiat hurt the commu nities hurt , the railroads. I sometimes wonder if all the work done voluntarily and at such great cost by the railroads has made an appreciable dent m onr national safety program as it is related to safety on wheels. In file thirty-five years fiat have marked accelerated. modern railroad safety con sciousness, grave, changes have occurred-- changes that have interjected into every community what I recently heard described 16 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes as "death avenues." The aptness of tills description can be seen from the fact that in addition to the 32,000 motor vehicle acci dent deaths which die Council reports oc curred in 1948, there were an estimated 1,100,000 injuries. Therefore, 1 would like to touch briefly on one street and highway safety problem shared by the railroads in their position as intimate members of each community they serve. In every community where a train stops Highway safety and the tremendous costs of maintaining our highways are so insep arably connected that one cannot be con sidered without the other. The cold fact is that highway funds are NOT unlimited. There is only so much money available for highways. So, to maintain them safely, the use or abuse of highways must be limited to preserve, them safely within the cost limits determined by the money available for their maintenance and construction. we have property and welfare interests: Despite, the growing volume of heavy, We are customers of service, and sellers of long-distance traffic thrust on communities, service. I repeat we are among the largest the roads must be maintained in safe condi taxpayers. For example^ in New York State tion. But under the present system of high- this year the railroads are paying state and ' way operation, at whose cost? We call it local taxes averaging nearly $3,900 per government's cost, but government is made mile of line, and totaling approximately up of communities, and communities are $33,000,000. We help, through our tax pay made up of taxpayers who foot the bills. ments, to build schools, to pay' teachers, to support police forces, and to build streets and highways. Our numerous employes are members of the community. One of the greatest advocates of high way development, Thomas H. MacDonald, United States Commissioner of Roads, pointed up the grave problem when he said Railroads could not operate for a day as in a speech earlier this year : self-sufficient entities, hi our daily lives, trucks pick up and deliver our freight car goes, and extend our hauling services over the streets and highways. Local enterprises are our customers, and we are theirs. In mutual cooperation we deal with each other --in cooperation that guarantees the most important safety of all, the safety of the American way- of life We arc not a subsidized agency of the government, but a business competing in and cooperating with community life Yet now, in the mushrooming expansion of postwar development, we see developing a threat to community safety of life and to hard-pressed community budgets, both "The overloading of safe structural ca pacity (on die highways) is reflected in the skyrocketing maintenance and recon struction costs. The lessons in the first pages of highway-use primers have not been learned, and the results are so costly both to individuals and to the public, that they total a disgraceful and extravagant waste -in the nation's true economy.. . . "The highway user," Mr. MacDonald went on, "is concerned because the burden of paying highway costs falls largely on him. He does not wish to pay for new highways to replace those destroyed by ex cessively heavy loads." state and local--a threat that is virtually The accelerated deterioration of our unregulated, scantily policed. highways has created a basic new safety and Careful studies have shown that local delivery vehicles in cities and towns and rural areas have been leaders in efforts to promote safety. With few exceptions, they operate carefully. They limit their loads cost problem that has drawn the alarmed attention of public agencies, of tax author ities, and of many newspapers, both in Chicago and in many other cities throughout the nation. to points well below the strength built into The time has come, I think, to suggest pavements. They do not break down the that we go to work most seriously, in the costly foundations of the highways. Fur fullest cooperation, to equalize the benefits thermore, they pay their share of taxes to and the responsibilities of sill forms of the community, as the railroads pay theirs. transportation in our community life. But there is a minority of the commercial vehicle users--some persons estimate it as five per cent--who are creating a new and growing problem in this postwar era. The railroads experienced their growing pains and their pioneering in cooperation with communities half a century or more ago. Sometimes the experience was painful Safety in Six Easy Lessons 17 to both sides. But we needed each other. Today, we need every form of transporta- but each in its place; carrying its full aisibilities as well as reaping its foil benefits. Safety alone demands--and demands im peratively--a serious study of tins problem. I shall frankly confess that, to some rail road leaders; restrictions placed in former years upon the railroads by communities, by states, and by the federal government, seemed onerous. And I must add in all honesty that local taxes today are a grave burden. But let it be marked that we pay them, while we carry out in addition the full cost of our own development and improvement, of our stations and terminals, and of braid ing and maintaining our own roadways. No one subsidizes ns. No one even polishes our windshields as free sendee. So I fed Oat we have earned the light to suggest improvement in community life, particularly in die all-important fidd of safety. And oa that baas I would leave with this Safety Congress these ample suggestions for study: First--Let us be realistic enough to rec ognize that highway hazards now are greater than the forces set up to cope with them. Let ns also be realistic enough to recognize that these forces and measures will not be enlarged until the public; under fearless and 3hle leadership, demands that our roads be ne safer. Second--Let us be realistic enough to supply that leadership to individual com munities so that they will take action that will make safe highways a reality and not a fiction. Third--In order to have safe highways, are there not means of distributing more equitably the costs of building, maintaining and policing these highways? And now in dosing; as a transportation man and an industrialist with the future wdfare of this nation dose to my heart, may I make some statements that I am aware you already know but I think are worth reiterating many, many times. Greater safety in industry, in transporta tion, at tiie school, in the home and on the farm, is vital to the future of this nation and to our'way of life. We can obtain it through the three E's, but there must be an assumption of in creased responsibility by individuals and organizations to give calm and logical thought on action as to how to best meet these safety problems. We applaud the Action Program of the President's Highway Safety Conference; the Inventory of Traffic Safety Activities, Operation Safety, and the "Signs- of Life" programs carried cm by the National Safety Council; and many other programs carried on by civic organizations, industry, insurance organizations and others too numerous^ to mention. These provide a basis for plan ning and attention by every public official, every organization and every citizen In this nation. It has been aptly said "We can have as much safety as we want and. are willing to work for." I offer therefore the coopera tion of. the railroad industry, and the unre mitting effort of the New York Central in particular, to all officials, public groups and all industries,--cbmpeting or otherwise. For in saving lives; limbs, and happiness, we all meet on a common ground to assist in finding the answers to these questions. Safety in Six Easy Lessons By NED H. DEARBORN President National Safety Council, Chicago, IQ. These remarks are addressed to each of yon as a responsible citizen and to-each of your fdlow Americans, wherever they may be. What happens to yon--all of you--as the result of needless aaajtent^ is the na tion's accident story. To date; that story is both sad and disgraceful. I do not mean to imply that the situa tion is hopeless. The death rate for all lands ..of accidents is the lowest since the beginning of accident records about SO years ago. The traffic death rate; based on the amount' of travel, was 30 per cent lower in 1948 than in 1945. Nevertheless, 18 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes the fact remains that accidents of all Muds I believe, that we need to study these les killed 98,000 last year, and traffic accidents sons, to analyze and reflect upon them, to alone cost 32,000 lives. amplify them, and to apply them to our own There was an accidental death every daily acts. five minutes and 23 seconds, during 1948, Lesson No. 1: Be Careful--The Life and a nonfatal injury every three seconds. You Save May Be Your Own. The economic loss from last year's accidents is estimated at $7,400,000,000---approximately $50 for every person in the United States. The atom bomb cost Hiroshima about 150,000lives. Since that day American lives lost through accidents totaled more than 400,000. Between Pearl Harbor and V-J Day we killed by accident 80,000 more Americans than we lost in combat in World War IL We have known for many years that accidents are the fourth or fifth cause of death in this country. But die American Medical Association now reports that acci dents are in second place in their effect on the life years of Americans, and in first place in their effect on the work years You have beard and read this slogan, especially during the last three years, until to some of you it must approach in famil iarity die Biblical injunction, "Do unto others as yon would have others do unto yon." While it is obvious that many, many people heed neither injuction, there is evidence that the safety wanting las bad direct; positive effect on some of you. For example, a taxi cab driver heard it one night and was a few minutes late to bis appointment. Upon ar rival he said, "I just heard a traffic accident program on the radio; and I slowed down. I thought I'd better get here in one piece; even if I arrived a little late." of the people. But not enough of yon have heard--and A great deal has been done in this coun try to control die accident menace; The Na tional Safefy Council is grateful for die efforts of thousands of safety workers. We are grateful for their increasing numbers. We are grateful for financial support from the public funds and from private corpora tions and individuals. We are grateful for the incredibly fine support contributed by all media of public information. heeded. Our holidays have become horror days. It is not the function of the National `Safety Council to predict accidental deaths. It merely estimates such deaths on the basis of past experience and warns of repetition unless preventive measures are adopted. Yet in estimates of the holiday death tolls the Cornual has been discotuagmgiy accurate-- '. or worse; tragically wrong; We timated last Labor Day's traffic underes fatalities by 130. The tragedy lay not in our gloomy But obviously the support for accident estimate of 280 traffic fatalities; but in the prevention is still woefully inadequate. Al fact that the actual number was 410. though the above facts lave been publicly stated over and over again, I am convinced We are all convinced that this lesson is that the average American citizen, young extremely important--"Be Careful--The or old, has not been much impressed by life You Save May Be Your Own." To them. He is still indifferent to die magni place responsibility on yon for your own tude and gravity of the accident problem. He has not yet accepted accident prevention as an important dement in.public health safe acts must continue; But dearly there are other needed lessons to he learned and applied. and welfare, to say nothing of accepting - Lesson No. 2: Be practical--Help the it as one of the most important of our na other fellow act safely; too. tional economic and social problems. If he - Nearly all of you are decent human brings pays any attention to it at all, he merely nearly all the time. You wouldn't deliber says, "This is a terrible problem. Why ately tip a piano over- on your children. doesn't somebody do something about it?" You wouldn't deliberately run down a sickly But the problem won't be solved until he old man in traffic. You wouldn't deliberately says, "What can I do to help solve it?" place roller skates on the stairs so that some So to each of you--and to all of your fel- one will fall and he killed. You wouldn't low Americans--I hereby offer six simple deliberately leave a dangerous machine un lessons in safety. The facts make it obvious. guarded, or an ugly bull on the loose. But in a sit Or any one And thei aren't as ca offs. Thor an hour. T traffic lanes in moving 1 people. We There are menace to y drinking. S home; on th Among the motor car. you'll meet that next ca There ar criminally n uncovered. ` with sharp lect to bu3 gates and \ won't replai or follow neering. Th even though of such gc among yon < You can offs; tiie dr gent You < enforcement insist upon i tion, engine most of all, of the public As importan ing are, they rating TAi degree of ; standards of Lesson Nc ty is seconds If you d On the oc* tragic death already had said to yon i der could be ence of the and loved he and all otht quarantined driver's licen Safety, in Six Easy Lessons 19 Bnt in a angle careless moment, you might Or any one yon know might ' And there are -seme among you who -<*n't as careful as others. Some are showoffs. They drive a motor car at 80 rules an hour. They weave in and oat of heavy traffic lanes. They dash across the street in moving traffic. Yon know some of these people. We all do. There are some among yon who become a menace to year fellows because of excessive drinking- Such people are a menace in die home; on the highways, at work or at play. Among their worst offenses is driving a motor car. And yon never know when you'll meet si drunk driver. He may be in that next car yon see commg toward yon. There are some among yon who are criminally negligent. They will leave a well uncovered. They will leave boards upturned with sharp nail prints exposed. -Tbty neg lect to build hand rails on stairways, or gates and pens to protect infants. They won't replace dangerously narrow bridges, or follow the standards of highway engi neering. They won't install madiine guards, even though die general use and usefulness of such guards are writ known. Many among yon do these and similar things. You can do something about die showoffs; the drunks and the criminally negligent You can insist upon strict and fair enforcement of prevailing laws. You can r^sist upon use of die best known construc- bO, injini^iiw^ atiii tmnoltyiifing And most of all, yon can help in the education of the public to remove these human hazards. As important as enforcement and engineer ing arc; they will fail without adequate edu cation. Education must print to a high degree of acceptance of die best known standards of enforcement and engineering. Lesson No. 3: Be positive--negative safe ty is second-rate safety. If yon doubt this, note the following. On the occasion of Margaret Mitchell's tragic death at the hands of a driver trim already had a record of 22 violations, we said to you hi a news release drat her mur der could be attributed to the mass indiffer ence of die very people who read her book' and loved her. We also said that dm driver and all other drivers Iflfe. him should be quarantined by permanently revoking their driver's license. On die basis of his record. what more did that driver have to do to demonstrate that he was a menace to you and to all others on the highway when he was behind the wiled of a motor car? If it had been discovered that this driver had the germ of a Contagious disease--ty phoid, smallpox, or diphtheria for example --he would have been quarantined for bis own good and for your, protection until he was so. longer :a menace. You would insist oahis quarantine in such circumstances. But you didn't in this case and yon seldom do in similar i Letters came from coast to coast about the Margaret Mitchell case--scores and .scores of them. Nearly all who wrote agreed with the two points I have made above: But I winder what was done besides writing to us about the' terrible ihddmt. Some of those who wrote had lost dear ones under similar circumstances. Some said the. public is not apathetic, hut that it just doesn't know what to do. To do nothing is as had as to do something -wrong. Some had a panacea to offer. But the print is that the people wrote promptly and positively. Margaret Mitchell, because of her universal fame; was a sym bol. Her tragedy was their tragedy. You--and all of you in America--are humane about so many things. You buy Christmas seals and Easter stamps. You support and acquiesce in inoculations and vaccination. You give money to fight heart disease, brain hemorrhages, nephritis, polio myelitis, cancer and a hundred other <fiscases. You vote for people who make laws to protect yon in a thousand ways. But you don't do very much to prevent accidents. Lesson No. 4: Be sensible--use common sense to save dollars and cents. Nearly all . top executives in big . corpo rations know that safety pays big dividends, that it rids production, that it is good budness. But here is a case for you as an indivi dual to ponder. Suppose you, die bread winner of the family, have had a serious accident away from work. You are rushed to die hospital where you hover between life and death for several days. Your family is frantic withfearof die worst You sur vive. But never again will you be able to return .to your old job. There is a mortgage on your home. Yon have a fine son enter ing high school and you have dreamed for 20 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes years of sending him to college. Now you You support churches, fraternities, po can't give him the slightest financial as litical parties, service clubs, and civic organ sistance. Your daughter, aged 10--well, izations of ail kinds. Almost any successful you had fine plans for her music lessons, economic or social cause is represented by high school and college. strong national, state and local units and You were in die hospital 10 weeks. The you support them. room cost you, let ns say, a minimum of The safety movement has been character $7.00 a day. That amounted to $490. For ized to you as one of your most important 10 days you had three nurses to cover the economic and social movements--as one of twenty-four hours. That amounted to $370. your* most important public health and wel Then there was one nurse the rest of the fare movements. If you believe in it you 10 weeks and that cost you $750. Your at will support your safety organizations--na tending physician sent you a bill for $1,000. tional, state and local. Surgical room costs amounted to $70. The ambulance that brought you to the hospital cost you $20. Your wages amounted to $80 a week, so for the 10 weeks you lost $800. Your medical and hospital bills add up to $2,700. This, together Nvith your lost wages makes your total loss $3,500. Meanwhile, your family has to have food Do you know their chief function? It is to coordinate all your public and private agencies which have any interest whatsoever in accident prevention. Each coordinates at its own level. In so doing each stimulates interest on the part of all possible agen cies and gets each agency to conduct a part of the safety program in its own name; and clothing. Your mortgage interest and thus'providing for the credit and prestige amortization payments are due. You haven't of the individual agencies. By thus divid paid your taxes. You have insurance pay ing up the job each safety council can oper ments on deck. No movies, candy, or ice ate on a budget much smaller than would cream for die children. No holiday trips, no otherwise be possible. new clothes, and not another penny for their savings accounts. And you go batik home at the end of 10 weeks, not back to work. So support your Green Cross with your greenbacks. Or with your half dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, or even your pen This tragedy in some degree can happen nies. If you are confused by multifarious to you. Yes--use common sense to save requests for money, choose the organizations dollars and cents. to support which do most for the economic Lesson No. 5: Be cooperative--don't double-cross your Green Cross. Business has a great variety of organized strength. You support the United States Chamber of Commerce, the state Chambers of Commerce, and the local Chambers of Commerce. Labor is organized. You support inter national labor organizations, state councils of labor, municipal councils of labor, and local unions. Teachers are organized. You support na tional, state and local organizations. and social health of America, your state; your county, your city, your loved ones, yourself- If you so choose, the Green Cross won't lack for adequate funds. If it seems to you that too much emphasis is bring placed on financial support; let it be clearly said that safety councils need voluntary help through a variety of services. Visit your local safety council and volun teer your services. You do that for other worthy causes. Why not for safety? Lesson No. 6: Be a good American-- safety may not always be a legal require ment, but it is always a moral obligation. Women are organized. You support na Yon undoubtedly obey the laws of yonr tional, state and local organizations. government Yon don't murder, rob, em In the same way you support the Ameri bezzle; commit assault and battery, or arson. can Red Cross, the Heart Association, die . But how about safety laws and regulations. Tuberculosis Association, the Cancer So Do your attic, closet space, and basement ciety, the Infantile Paralysis Foundation, meet the requirements of yonr fire depart the Boy Scouts, the Girl Scouts, the 4-H ment? Does your home meet standard re Clubs, the Grange, the American Farm Fed quirements in the matter of electrical and eration, the Fanners Union. heating installation? Do you always obey the legal si way? Do 'fixed" for or secretly f with the tn your motor vals? Do > teous driver toxicated? . a show-off? What are a private so standards fc spectiori, foi will protect: the irrespom Beyond th safety code' in health an believe in pi cepting your sponsibility i lieve in toe bring, if you society. In Amcric tiative in yot ness life. Y you cannot and indepenc America gre But remen if you deper you ought to look to gove curity. To tf ening Amoi independence. In safety y code to a hig Safety in Six Easy Lessons 21 the legal speed limits on street and high way? Do you ever try to get a ticket ted" for traffic violations? Do you brag secretly gloat about your dose friendship with the traffic court judge? Do you have your motor car inspected at proper inter vals? Do you jaywalk? Are you a cour teous driver? Do you ever drive when in toxicated? Axe you a road hog? Are you a show-off? What are your standards as a driver of a private so-called "pleasure".car? Higher standards for driver licensing, for car in spection, for enforcement and engineering will protect you against yourself and against the irresponsible other fellow. Beyond this, you must have a good moral safety code of your own. You must believe in health and happiness for alL You must believe in protecting your privileges by ac cepting your responsibilities. To accept re sponsibility is a moral obligation if you be lieve in the worth of the individual human bring, if you believe in a free self-restrained society. In America you are free to exercise ini tiative in your personal, professional or busi ness life. You know there are no barriers you cannot surmount with your initiative and independence. That is how you made America great But remember that you can lose all that if you depend on others to do the things ''w ought to do. There are signs that you jk to government too much for your se curity. To the extent you do, you are weak ening America, losing your initiative and independence; failing in your responsibilities. In safety you can develop your own moral code to a high degree. And such a code will activate you to do those things so much needed to conserve our human resources through accident prevention. Such a moral code will make you obedient to the existing legal safety code; even better, it trill make yon tight for the constant improvement of that code. Safety in six easy lessons! Easy to say. Easy even to remember. Not easy to fol low. Nothing-really worth while is done easily If done well. But I submit to you that we will , succeed in this safety movement only if you believe in it and if you demon strate that belief through taking to heart these six lessons. Your belief in safety must be more, of course, than mere intellectual acceptance of its purposes. You must accept it emotionally as a great humane cause. If you accept it intellectually and emotionally, then your belief will become a conviction. Jesus suffered on the Cross, gave His life, because of His convictions about you and me. Mahatma Gbandi martyred his life for his convictions, and it ended in assassination. Abraham Lincoln was crucified every day of his presidency because of his convictions and he, too, died at the hand of an assassin. Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "The great mass of humanity worry themselves into nameless graves, but here and there a rare soul forgets itself into immortality." You may neither be a Christ, nor a Ghandi, nor a Lincoln. Bat yon can, within-your limits, approach the ideal of their selfless lives. To love your neighbor as your self is next to holiness. To know the satisfaction of good works is next to paradise. The field of safety offers you 'both. Follow the Green Cross. Raise its banner proudly over all our beloved America. one now to with oo <me i We don't li do we? Bat happening--tc as--people wl i have seen the second throng an accident t t --that should Scientists a night in labo to find a can -- cardessne throughout a --and we wi "Be Careful1 So I am he that you are American cit Banquet /..\ Xf No lime to Quit By EDDIE CANTOR I am not here tonight as a comedian, or as an entertainer. I am here in the same role that yoa are here--as an American citizen who is sick at heart and a little frightened over the messy massacre that is taking place day after day on onr streets and highways--and who sincerely wants to do something about it. I am here as a husband and a father who loves his family just as yon love yours-- and who wants to see that family stay alive and healthy and happy. A moment ago I joked about my five daughters. But you can imagine how I would fee] if someone were to step np here right now and hand me a telegram saying that one of those girls had been run over by an automobile. Yoa can imagine how you would feel if yon were handed a telegram right now, tell ing you to come home--that your wife or child .had been in a traffic accident and was in the hospital--or worse. You can imagine what it would be like u go back to die home you left just a few days ago, and find that crib in the bedroom ?ty--forever. Or to see the beaten-up eball glove lying in the doset, with no one now to use it Or die favorite doll, with no one now to mother it We don't like'to think of things like that do we? But they have happened--they are happening--to thousands of people just like us--people who love their families and who have seen their whole lives change in a split second through die tragedy of an accident-- an accident that could have been prevented --that should have been prevented. Scientists axe working feverishly day and night in laboratories throughout the world to find a cure for cancer. Here is a disease -- carelessness -- which kills more people throughout die year than almost any disease --and we will not accept the cure for it: "Be Careful" So I am here tonight (or the same reason that you are here--to do my part as an American citizen and as a husband and father in seeing what we can do to cut down the staggering toll of dead and maimed that are piled up day after day, without ceasing; by accidents. I know you folks who try so hard to prevent this foil must have days when you feel like throwing up your hands and say ing; "What's die use?" I know there must be times when you wonder why you should have to work so hard to keep people safe, when all you are doing is asking your friends, your neighbors, your workers not to kill themselves. I know you must be dis couraged to see the indifference of the public toward this problem that means so much to public welfare. But let us not be discouraged. We must not quit the fight! For I am just as sure as I am standing here that we can among us--you and I and all die other good people who are working for safety--lick this thing. America has never failed yet to whip a problem that was as big and tough and serious as this accident problem--and it will whip this one, too. But it will come about only-through the relentless, dauntless efforts of you people in this room tonight--plus the work of thou sands more like you who now are or will be enlisted in the safety movement This is no time to quit! We are making progress. We are winning the fight! Re gardless of what we may feel at times, we are wanting! You must remember, my friends, that we are fighting something bigger than accidents. We are fighting die causes of accidents. And these causes of accidents are such things as greed, selfishness, the desire to show off, to outwit die law. It takes a long time to whip those things, but they can be whipped--or at least controlled on the high way and in the hones to the extent hat our accident toll can be cut and cut to the bone. It has been my pleasure and privilege to work closely with the National Safety Council for 10 years or more in its grand 24 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes work of leading this war on accidents. I And we know something else. We know have done what I could to help. So have that these accidents can strike just as bru scores of other personalities in the motion tally, just as fiercely, just as terribly as any picture and radio field who, as members of disease or any disaster can strike--and that the Motion Picture and Radio Committee they are taking a toll of dead and maimed of the Council, have contributed their serv ices to the cause of safety. I hope you will let me continue to help--for we are in this thing for keeps! and injured--a 'toll of twisted and useless bodies--that puts to shame die tolls of many of these other unseen enemies we dread and fear so much. This safety business is a grim business. But the average person hasn't yet recog But it is a fascinating business, too. It nized this. So he goes ahead and woos never ceases to amaze and intrigue me. danger, courts catastrophe, by literally beg What makes people act like they do behind ging for an accident. the wheel of their car, for instance? What makes men try to be so wise and prudent in their business dealings, and then act like fools in traffic? What makes mothers so willing to give their lives, if need be, to protect their children--and then drag those same children across a busy street in the face of a red light and say, "It's all right, darling. Mother is with you!" How can you explain these dungs? You know what I think? I think thou sands of these accidents could be prevented if you and I would try to be just a little more polite--to be as courteous in our car as in our home. What is there about you and me that makes us an Emily Post as a host--and a heel at the wheel? What is there about me--and maybe you, toor-that makes me cringe and shiver if a I think one reason for all this is that people are not afraid of things that they themselves can control. Every sensible per son knows that if he behaves as he should in driving and walking, he can in nine cases out of ten be perfectly safe. So he thinks to himself--if he gives it an}' thought at all man weighing five pounds more than I weigh acts like he's sore at me, and then makes me walk bodily and brazenly in front of a steel automobile weighing three thou sand pounds--and dare it to bit me? What makes me think that in traffic a squirt can't be hurt? --"Why, of course I will be careful. So of What is there about a woman that makes course I will not have an accident Me have her keep the house so spick and span that an accident? Don't be silly! Fm smart I you are afraid to step on the rug or move don't need to have an accident 1" . a magazine, and then place a throw rug so And then he gets out in traffic and makes a fool of himself--often with tragic results. that it can live up to its name and mess up the whole room--with YOU? But it's different with a disease that we ourselves cannot control. There we have something that strikes from within--some thing we may not be able to avoid no mat ter how careful we may be. So we are afraid. We are willing to join with others in trying to control such a thing, because Well, if we had the answers to those questions, we would be a lot farther along the way to cutting die accident toll than we are. For I believe that filings like these are die things that are holding us back in our efforts to make this country safer-- the so-called "little" things. we know that by ourselves, we can't control Ob, I know that you engineers must ap contagion or an epidemic. proach die problem scientifically and come Well, friends, you and I know that ac cidents are just as deadly and insidious and treacherous and terrible as any disease known to man. We know, you and I, that we can't control accidents by ourselves, even if we wanted to more than anything else in the world. We know it takes the efforts of everyone to stop the danger of accidental death in our home or in our car or in our work--just as it takes the efforts of every up with better highways, better traffic sys tems, better and safer cars. I know that you traffic enforcement experts must come up with more rigid laws for traffic behavior, and see that they are enforced more rigidly, too. But we know that you will come up unfit those things. What we don't know is whether we will ever be able to control human behavior so that human bongs will want to live safely enough to try to do it. one to prevent a dread disease. I believe they will. I believe they are wanting i were a fe battle tha other sai accidents of you p sands of < fruit I strides th, that I belie* sooner th man and understand part in a make thir others. I believe affair. Wi rection. Ji a wonderf Trucking , drivers. 1 interest in and childn exerted me rectors of crease in ai proof I la safety real when acrid is a family But I bel other people the average fact that h< one acriden1 the one he c more and ir safer, will k safer, I wo night a simj Americans r off in great* greater scan I propose i believes in a nation adopt 1. I will that rut part car and is 1 2. I will t like a 1 No Time to Quit 25 wanting to do it right now more than they courteous behind the wheel as I am to were a few years ago. I believe the constant guests in my home. 'battle that die National Safety Council and jther safety agencies are waging against accidents is paying off. I believe the work of yon people here tonight--and the thou sands of other safety volunteers--is bearing fruit. I believe you are making bigger strides than you realize. I honestly believe that I believe that the day will come--and sooner than you think--when the average man and woman and the average child of understanding age will be taking his or her part in a united and continuing effort to make things safer for himself and for others. 3. I will check my home for hazards and try to make it as safe as it is attrac tive. 4. I will take all reasonable precautions to avoid accidents as I work; for the protection of my fellow worker as well as myself. 5. Wherever I am, whatever I am doing, I will try to remember that it takes only a second to use common sense and caution--and that it takes a lifetime to pay for forgetting. 6. I will do more than just be careful myself. I trill enlist in a united com munity effort to bring safety to every I believe safety can and must be a family one through better laws, better en affair. We are making a start in that di forcement, better realization of the rection. Just the other day I heard about problem. a wonderful incentive plan,the American Trucking Association has set up for truck drivers. This plan develops such a keen interest in safety on the part of the wives and children of drivers that have actually exerted more influence than the safety di I sincerely believe that even a simple lit tle creed like that can work wonders in our accident problem if we can get enough people to try it out Will you help me see what we can do about it? rectors of the companies. The startling de crease in accidents which follows is the best proof I know of that family interest in safety really works. The day has come I wish there were something I could do-- something I could say---something I could think of that would really help you folks in your magnificent fight to reduce accidents when accident prevention for this industry in this country and save all the suffering is a family affair. and tragedy and pain and blood that acci But I believe this day will not come for 'her people until we have brought home to Je average person in a dramatic way the tact that he, and he alone, can prevent the one accident for which he is responsible-- the one he can cause. To speed the day when more and more people will drive and walk safer, will keep their homes safer and work safer, I would like to propose to you to night a simple Creed of Conduct for good Americans which I honestly believe will pay off in greater safety, greater happiness and dents bring. I know there is nothing big I can do, but I do want to do my best to help. I believe you know that No, there is nothing big I can do. But I can do this--I can go back to my home, determined--fanatically determined, if need be--to try harder than ever before to make the people around me--and most of all my self--see more dearly the part they must play as decent American citizens to help prevent accidents and put an end to this nonsense of a huge, needless accident toll. greater security for all of us. Ladies and gentlemen, our hearts were I propose that every American citizen who shocked and our blood ran cold a month or believes in a better community and a better so ago when we heard of the terrible boat nation adopt this simple Creed of Conduct:1 2 disaster up in Canada, when 140 people were burned to death. The whole nation was 1. I will try at all tunes to remember horrified. Investigations were launched and that rudeness and recklessness on my steps were taken to see that such a thing part can hurt others as well as myself should never happen again. and is bad citizenship. But only a couple of weeks before that 2. I will therefore try to drive my car boat disaster another national catastrophe like a lady or a gentleman and be as had occurred--the Labor Day holiday mas 26 General Sessions end Detailed Index to all Volumes sacre on the highways. In this wholesale slaughter more than 400 people were killed. They were crushed to death, burned to death, tom and shattered and pinned and pierced--kilted in the most horrible fashion you could imagine. But what is being done about that? I mean in a nationwide, concerted, continuing way? Is the country taking steps to see that this catastrophe can never happen again? If it isn't, I say to you that we have no right to call ourselves a civilized nation. We have no right to pose as the great humani tarian. We are hypocritical and shameless if we brand other nations as cruel and heart less and brutal when we shrug off a na tional disgrace like this as the "price of progress." Well, what are .we going to do about it? Are we going to toss in the sponge? Are we going to pull our punches and whine that the "people aren't interested"? Are we going to blame the accident toll on human nature and let it go at that? Yon know we're not! We are going to move in harder and faster than we have ever moved in before. We are going to go back to our homes and our jobs from this wonderful Safety Congress fired with a new zeal to put into this safety movement more fire and more punch and more effort than we ever had before. Folks, remember--we are winning! We are catting the accident toll in the face of increased travel and increased population. We are a lot nearer victory than we realize. For the sake of that youngster yon left back home when you came to this meeting ... for tiie sake of that wife and kid who are back there waiting for you now . . . for the sake of every kid in the country and of every decent American citizen--go back and fight for safety! You heard the wonderful singing of those boys and girls in that marvelous choir here tonight You looked into those fine young faces up there, and thrilled as I did at the hope and strength and promise they gave. There is our America tomorrow. There is our answer to those who ask; "What's go ing to happen to America?" You pictured your ` own boy or girl up there--now or tomorrow. Friends, are those youngsters worth fight ing for? Are they, or any ooe of them, worth all the trouble we are taking to pro tect them from death--or worse--in acci dents? Then let's keep on fighting for safety! Safety Exposition EXHIBITION HALL--STEVENS HOTEL MEZZANINE FLOOR--SHERMAN HOTEL Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial and Public Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co, Chicago, HL Gas Masks Exclusively. Aetna Casualty ft Surety Co, Hartford, Conn. Insurance. American Abrasive Metals Co, Irvington, N. J. Abrasive Metals, Paints, Coating, Safety Hie for Safe Walkways. American Allsafe Co, Inc, Buffalo, N. Y. Saf-T-Vox and General Safety Equipment. American Chain ft Cable Co, Inc, Bridgeport, Conn. Chains, Cable and Wire Rope of various kinds and sizes; Steel and Malleable Casttings; Brakes and Brake Controls; Cranes, Hoists, Valves and Fittings. American Optical Co, Southbridge, Mass. Head and Eye Protection Devices, Respirators, Safety Clothing. American Safety Signal Corp, Elkhart, Ind. Portable Traffic Control for School Crossing. Ampco Metal, Lie, Milwaukee, Wis. Safety Tools Fabricated from Ampco Metal, Ampco Beryllium-Copper and Monel. Ansul- Chemical Co, Marinette; Wis. Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers. Arcadia Mfg. Co, Birmingham, Mich. Plastic Coated Gloves and Aprons for Industry. Auto-Drive Safety, Inc, New York; N. Y. Auto Drive--The Safety Book. Bashfin, W. M, Co, Grove City, Pa. Lineman's Safety Equipment. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co, Rochester, N. Y. Safety Glasses and Safety Eyewear for every occupational requirement Bradley Washfountain Co, Milwaukee, Wis. Group Washroom Equipment .. Bitch John H, Lie, Springfield, Mass. Industrial Skin Preparations. - Browne; Stewart R, Mfg. Co, New York, N. Y. Flashlights and Extension Lights. Buhrke, S. H, Co, Chicago, BL Safety Equipment and Allied Products for Construction and Maintenance Work. Bullard, E. D, Co, San Francisco, Calif. Mining and Industrial Safety Equipment Chance, A. B, Co, Centralia, Mo. Line Construction and Live Line Maintenance Equipment Chicago Eye Shield Co, Chicago, HL Head and Eye Protective Equipment 30 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Chicago, UL Columbus Glove Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio. Coated Gloves and Aprons, Natural Rubber, Neoprene, Plastic. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp, Tonawanda, N. T. Herc-Alloy Sling Chains. Crown Signals, Inc, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Automatic School Crossing Signsd. Cunningham, M. E, Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Marking Tools. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc, Newark, N. J. Respiratory Protection; Combustible Gas Indicators; General Safety and First Aid Equipment. Diversey Corp, Chicago, UL Specialized Chemicals for Safety Maintenance and Sanitation for Industry. Dobbins Mfg. Co, Elkhart, Ind. Portable Drinking Fountains and Accessories. Dockson Coip, Detroit, Mich. Head and Eye Protection. Dunn Products, Chicago, DL Protective Qothing for Industrial Workers Made from Asbestos, Leather, Rubber, Neoprene and Fire Proofed Duck. Duo-Safety Ladder Corp, Oshkosh, Wis. Safety Ladders, Fire Ladders, Ladder Shoes. Edmont Manufacturing Co, Coshocton, Ohio. Synthetic Coated, Natural Rubber Coated and Plastic Coated Work Gloves. Elliott Service Co, Lie, Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Industrial Accident Prevention Displays, Bulletin Board Service, Foremansbip Development. Emerson, J. H, Co, Cambridge, Mass. Life Saving Apparatus. Enterprise Sales Corp, Burbank, Calif. Rubber Traffic Markers. Finndl Systems, Inc, Elkhart, Ind. Floor Maintenance Machines. Franklin Research Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Anti-Slip Floor Maintenance Materials. Graubacd's, Inc, Newark, N. J. School Safety Patrol Equipment. Gro-Cord Rubber Co, lama, Ohio. Gro-Cord, Raw-Cord and Neo-Cord Soles, Heels and Taps. Harley-Davidson Motor Co, Milwaukee, Wis. Motorcycles, Servi-Cars and Package Trucks. HQd Floor Machine Co, Chicago, DL Electrically Operated Floor Scrubbing and Polishing Machines; Portable Industrial Vacuum Machines. Halyard Sales Cos, St Joseph, Mo. Floor Treatments, Building Maintenance, Materials. Hoffman Engineering Corp, Anoka, Minn. Electric and Electronic Devices. Sanitation Products, Equipment and Safety V Hunttngtoi Maintern Hy-Test E Hy-Test Industrial < Protecth Insto-Gas ' Blow To Interstate. Wedglolt Intoxhnete Testing ] Iron Age I Completi Johnson A Surgical Junlrin Safi Interlock tection Jnstrite Ml Safety G Lanter Karri First Industria Keystone 1 Original Kimball Sa Goggles, Klein, Mat! Linemen< Legge, Wa Non-Slip Treatm Lddgb Safi Lather i Lightfoot S Industria Macwhyte' Wire Ro; Maier Lava Uniforms Magno SafEquipmei Marsh ft 11 Insuranci Martindale Protective ' Transactions, 1949 National Safely Congress 31 Holcomb Safety Garment Co, Chicago, DL Safety Wearing Apparel. Huntington laboratories, Huntington, lad* /Maintenance and Sanitation Products. Hy-Test Dhr, International Shoe Co* St. Louis, Mo. Hy-Test Safety Shoes. Industrial Gloves Co* Danville, HL Protective Clothing--Gloves, Mittens, Handguards, Leggings, Flameproofed Suits. Insto-Gas Corp* Detroit, Mich. Blow Torches and Plumbers Fire Pots. Interstate Drop Forge Co* Milwaukee, Wis. Wedglolc Safety Connecting Links, Helwig Bolt and 'Wire Cutters. Intoximeter Amn* Niagara Falls, N. Y. Testing Equipment for Alcoholic Influence. Iron Age Dir, H. Clnlds ft Co* hoc* Pittsburgh, Pa. Complete Line of Industrial leather and Rubber Safety Shoes. Johnson ft Johnson, New Brunswick, N. J. Surgical Dressings. Joskin Safety Appliance Co* Inc* Louisville, Ky. Interlocking Automatic Barrier Gate and Swinging Die Closure Guards for Pro tection of Power Press Operators. Justrite Mfg. Co* Chicago, DL Safety Gasoline Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Hand Fire Extinguishers, Safety Electric Lanterns and Railroad Lanterns. Karel First Aid Supply Co* Chicago, HL Industrial Hospital Supplies and Equipment. Keystone View Co* Meadville, Pa. Original Binocular Visual Screening Tests for Industry. Kimball Safety Products Co* Cleveland, Ohio. Goggles, Qothing and Other Personal Protection Items. *Hein, Mathias ft Sons, Chicago, HL /Juemen's Tools and Equipment. Legge^ Walter G* Co* Inc* New York; N. Y. Non-Slip Floor Polishes: Non-Slip Non-Combustible Electrically Conductive Floor Treatments. Lehigh Safety Shoe Co* Allentown, Pa. Leather Safety Box Toe Shoes and Rubber Boots. Lightfoot Schultz Co* New York, N. Y. Industrial Soaps--Powdered, Bar, Paste and Hand Lotion. Macwfayte Company, Kenosha, Wis. Wire Rope and Braided Wire Rope Slings, Fittings and Cable Assemblies. Mirier Lavaty Co* Chicago, DL Uniforms, Caps, Sam Browne Belts, Puttees, Emblems, Badges, etc. Miaguq Saf-T Board, York, Pa. Equipment for Teaching and Illustrating Safe Driving. Marsh ft McLellan, Die* Chicago, DL Insurance Brokers and Agents. Martindale Electric Co* Cleveland, Ohio. Protective Dost* Masks, Electric Testing Instruments. McDermott, Julian A, Corp, Corona, N. Y. Warning, Work, Safety Lighting for Industrial, Utility. Aviation Use. McDonald, B. F., Co, Los Angeles, Calif. Mining and Industrial Safety Equipment. Medical Supply Company, Rockford, IllFlexible Unit First Aid. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. YAccident Prevention and Health Education Materials for Industry, Traffic Safety- Micro Switch, Freeport, 111. "Microtrip"--Punch Press Safety Tripping Device. Mfiburn Co., Detroit, Mich. Protective Skin Cream and Plastic Coated Safety Clothing. Miller Equipment Co., Inc, Franklin, Pa. Safety Products for all Industries and Utilities. Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Everything for Mine and Industrial Safety. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., St Paul, Minn, "Scotchlite" Reflex-Reflective Material; Safety-Walk "Wetordty" Non-Slip Sur facing. National Safety Council, Chicago, HL National Society for Crippled Children & Adults, Chicago, HL National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc, New York, N. Y. Educational Material on Conservation and Utilization of Eyesight in Industry. Nulite Displays Co., New York, N. Y. Luminous Safety Signs that "glow in the dark." Occupational Hazards, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio. Publishers. OH-Dri Corp. of America, Chicago, I1L Oil and Grease Absorbents. Onox, Inc, San Francisco, Calif. Onox Skin Tougbener for Athlete's Foot Prevention. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co, St. Louis, Mo. PAX Powdered and Granulated Skin Cleaners and Dispensers. Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc, Long Island City, N- Y. Safety Ladders, Suspended, Sectional: Tubular Steel Scaffolding: Sidewalk Pro tection Bridges. Phister Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Air Pressure Vaporizing Liquid Fire Extinguishers. Porto'Clinic Instruments, Inc, New York, N. Y. Portable All-Purpose Psycho-Physical Testing Unit for Drivers. Positive Safety Mfg. Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Power Press Guards. Protectoseal Co, Chicago, HL Fire Prevention Equipment for Flammable Liquids. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp, Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety Equipment. Racine Glove Gloves, Api Randolph Lai Dioxide Fir Reece Woode Wooden So Rose Mfg. Co Industrial Safety Clothir Clothing an Safety Engine Alfred M. I Directory Safety Firsts Safety Shoe Safway Steel: Steel Scaffo Salisbury, W. Linemen's 1 School Safety Traffic Ligfa Schrader's, A. Pneumatic 1 Scott Aviatior Scott Air-P SeQstrom Mfg Face and E; Spencer Turin Portable an Standard Safe Industrial S Steel Scaffoldi "Trouble Sa Stepan Cbemii pH 6 Sldn Stephenson Ct Resuscitatio Stonebonse Si| Accident Pr Sugar Beet Pi SBS Sldn C Surty Mfg; Cc Safety Appli Taylor, S. G, Taylor Mad Tennant, G. H Industrial I tenance Si Tiimont Mfg. Forged Stee Transactions, 1949 National Sajety Congress 33 Racine Glove Co., Inc., Rio, Wis. ^Qloves, Apparel, Protective Equipment; Leather, Asbestos and Steel Reinforced. lolph Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, UL Joxide Fire Extinguishers. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co* Columbus, Neb. Wooden Sole Safety Footwear. Rose Mfg. Co* Denver, Colo. Industrial Safety Equipment Safety Clothing & Equipment Co* Cleveland, Ohio. Clothing and Equipment for Personal Protection. Safety Engineering, New York, N. Y. Alfred M. Best Co* Inc* Publishers of Safety Engineering and Best's Annual Safety Directory. Safety First Shoe Co* Holliston, Mass. Safety Shoes for Men and Women. Safway Steel Products, Inc* Milwaukee, Wis. Steel Scaffolds; Tubular Steel Bleachers and Swing Scaffolds. Salisbury, W. H* & Co* Chicago, UL Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment School Safety Light Corp* Cleveland, Ohio. Traffic Light Instructor for Schools. Schrader's, A* Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pneumatic Press Controls, Valves, Cylinders and Associated Products. Scott Aviation Corp* Lancaster, N. Y. Scott Air-Pak; Scott Demand Inhalator. SeSstrom Mfg. Co* Chicago, UL Face and Eye Protection Equipment Spencer Turbine Co* Hartford, Conn. Portable and Stationary Vacuum Cleaners and Dust Collecting Apparatus. Standard Safety Equipment Co* Chicago, UL * iustrial Safety Equipment Sv /Scaffolding Co* Brooklyn, N. Y. "Trouble Saver" Steel Scaffolding. Stepan Chemical Co* Chicago, I1L pH 6 Skin Cleanser; Non-Alkaline, Sulfated Oil Cleanser for Industry. Stephenson Corp* Red Bank, N. J. Resuscitation Equipment; Drunfcometers. Stonehonse Signs, Inc* Denver, Colo. Accident Prevention Signs. Sugar Beet Products Co* Saginaw, Mich. SBS Skin Cleansers and Geaner. Snrty Mfg; Co* Lac* Chicago, IllSafety Appliances for Machines and Underfoot Hazards. Taylor, S. G* Chain Co* Hammond, Ind. Taylor Made Alloy Steel Sling Chains, Monel Chain; hooks and chain fittings. Tennant, G. H* Co* Minneapolis, Minn. Industrial Floor Machines for Dry .Geantng; Power Sweepers and Floor Main tenance Supplies. .' Trimont Mfg. Co* Boston, Mass. Forged Steel Safety Tools. 34 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Trinal, Inc* Chicago, HL "Safeet" Protection for the Metatarsal Arch. United Laboratories, Inc* Cleveland, Ohio. Plastic Rock Flooring Materials. United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D. C. Radioactivity Protection Display. United States Junior Chamber of Commerce, Tulsa, OMa. Safety Campaigns and Projects. United States Safety Service Co* Kansas City, Ho. Eye Protection; Impregnated and Enteric Coated Salt Tablets; CO Indicators. Wallace Optical Co* Inc* Detroit, Mich. Ttif-Cote Protective Eyewear. Watchemoket Optical Co* Inc* Providence, R. L Industrial Safety Equipment and Ophthalmic Accessories. Waverly Petroleum Products Co* Philadelphia, Pa. Oil and Grease Absorbents. Welsh Mfg. Co* Providence, R- L Industrial Eye Protection Products. West Disinfecting Co* Long Island City, N. T. Disinfectants, Deodorants--Products for the Promotion of Safety. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Lac* Chicago, UL Asbestos, Flame-Proofed Duck and Jean Cloth, Leather and Wool Clothing. Wiesman Mfg. Co* Dayton, Ohio. Safety Guards for Power Presses, Guide Pin Covers for Die Sets. Wilkins Co* Cortland, N. Y. K-Lens-M Products; Dispenser Cabinets, Lens Cleaner, Lens Tissues. Williams Jewelry & Mfg. Co* Chicago, UL Safety Awards, Badges and Trophies. Willson Products, Inc* Reading, Pa. Industrial Goggles, Gas Masks, Helmets and Respirators, and Allied Safety Devices. Wyandotte Chemical Corp* Wyandotte, Mich. Absorbents. ICurrei