Document Bq6rGg9gYnzXQxVNXDpjRe6k
CONFIDENTIAL
REGISTER OF CASES OF ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE LIVER (ASL)
Review date : October 1993
Collated by : Dr F. Drion MD APME - ASSOCIATION OF PLASTICS MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4/3 B-1160 BRUXELLES Belgium tel. + 32 (2) 675 32 97 fax. + 32 (2) 675 39 35
A.
INTRODUCTION
During the late fifties, some lesions such as acro-osteolysis or Raynaud's syndrome, were observed among workers in PVC producing plants, especially autoclave-cleaners (7).
In 1970, P.L. Viola reported the result of his research on the mechanisms of acroosteolysis in experimental animals, (1-2). Surprising!y, rats exposed by inhalation to 30.000 ppm VCM presented tumours of various organs after 10 months of exposure,
A group of PVC producers (ICI, Montedison, Rhone-Poulenc and Solvay), alarmed by Dr Viola's report, entrusted to Prof. C. Maltoni a study about the carcinogenicity of VCM, in laboratory rodents. In 1974, he published his results, showing evidence of a doserelated incidence of tumours, especially of angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) (3).
Simultaneously, Creech and Johnson reported three cases of ASL among workers of a PVC plant in USA (4). It was then recognised that ASL was likely to be caused by inhalation of VCM at high levels of concentrations over long periods. ASL is a very rare form of cancer whose annual incidence in the general population is reported to be in the order of 0.25 per million.
According to W. Freiesleben, "these findings initiated an urgent and dramatic worldwide revision of measures for protecting the health of people exposed to VCM. The PVC producing industry changed radically the technology to lower exposure levels" (5). A.W. Barnes, cited by W. Freiesleben, reports the weekly-average of VCM concentration (in ppm VCM in air) in the atmosphere of several polymerisation plants; 25 ppm in mid 74, 13 in late 74, 5 in Spring 75 (6).
At that time, the Vinyl Industry took the decision to maintain a register of the ASL cases linked to VCM, those cases being voluntarily reported by the producing companies, in order to assess the impact of those changes of technology on the occurrence of the ASL cases. Dr J. Stafford (ICI) took the responsibility of that Register until 1987. Dr B. Bennett (ICI) succeeded him until 1990 and Dr J. Drumwright (Vista) ensured the keeping of the Register until 1992.
So far, 173 ASL cases have been recorded in Western Europe, North America, Japan and Australia. There has been no case of ASL recorded in any worker first exposed since the reduction of VCM concentration in the atmosphere, in the mid-seventies. Since the average latency period is about 23 years, a few more cases can be expected during the next years. But it may be hoped that, in the near future, the ASL linked to VCM will become an illness of the past, at least in the plants where the VCM exposure has been drastically reduced.
R&S152934
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Med. Lav. 1970, 61: 174
chloride. Cancer Res. 1971, 31: 516-522
perspectives, Med. Lav. 1974, 65: 421
CREECH, J.L. & JOHNSON,M.N., Angiosarcoma of the liver in the manufacture of PVC. J.Occup. Med. 1974, 16: 150-151
FREIESLEBEN, W., International Seminar organised by the International Center for a Scientific Ecology. Paris. May 10th 1993.
BARNES, A.W., Vinyl Chloride and the production of PVC. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 1976, 69: 277-281.
CORDIER, J.M. et al. Acro-osteoiyse et lesions cutanees associees chez deux ouvriers affectfes au nettoyage d'autoclaves. Cah. Med. Trav. 1996, 4: 3-39
R&S152935
PREFACE
In September 1992, Dr J.R. Drumwright, who was in charge of the ASL Register, retired from Vista Chemical, USA. The keeping of the ASL Register was then entrusted to the Medical Working Group of the Vinyl Committee of the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe (APME) in Brussels, Belgium, who passed on the responsibility to me.
1. WHAT IS NEW IN THIS ISSI IF. OF THE REGISTER?
Substantial changes have been brought to the presentation of the Register. A new software has allowed to produce graphs, making the various data more readable. ISO code which is internationally recognized, has been chosen for the identification of the countries.
The issue of the confidentiality of the medical data has been raised regularly. In order to answer to that legitimate concern, it has been decided, first, to give a code number to the various plants, secondly, to edit two registers. One register, intended for the management, will contain tables and graphs. The second register, which will be sent only to the medical officers, will include also medical data and plants codes. From now on, a yearly update will be edited, depending on the occurrence of new cases.
2. WHAT ABOUT THE ASL CASES?
Concerning the ASL cases, it is confirmed that two cases are still alive: US33 (date of diagnosis, 1982) and US36 (date of diagnosis, 1983), The cases FR15 and FR18, which were alive in 1991, died in the meantime.
Twelve new cases have been reported since the last edition. US48 was diagnosed in 1991 and died in 1992. GB18, GB19, GB20, GB21 were diagnosed and died in 1992. The other cases DE41, DE42, DE43, US44, US45, US46, US47 occurred in previous years. It has to be precised that the diagnosis of ASL of the two US cases which were under review in 1991, has not been confirmed.
All in all, the ASL Register includes 181 files. Along the years, eight cases have been deleted for various reasons (dubious diagnosis, lack of proof of the link to VCM ...): DE14, DE26, IT1, GB2, US14, US15, US24, US25.
Therefore, 173 ASL cases, histologically confirmed, are reported in this 1993 edition of the ASL Register.
3. WHAT DO YOU NEED TO REMEMBER?
To make the reading of the medical data and tables more understandable, two points have to be defined:
R&S152936
4.
Latency period means, in this context, the number of years from 1st exposure to diagnosis. Dates are indicated by day /month/ year. When dates are given in the medical data but day and/or month are unknown, it has been decided to write 15 for the day and 6 for the month. 4, HOW CAN YOU CONTRIBUTE TO THE REGISTER? Finally, may I request that each recipient of the Register continues to keep me informed of any earlier or new cases, factory data, close-up date, change of owner etc... A blank data sheet is enclosed to assist you in reporting the appropriate information. 1 would also appreciate to receive any relevant information about changes of addresses, retirements etc... for the Register mailing list. I would like to thank all the persons, medical officers or managers, who have contributed to the up-date of that edition of the ASL Register by providing the appropriate information. Thanks to their help, the Register can thereafter be considered as a useful and reliable tool.
From: F. Drion M.D. APME Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4 Box 3 1160 BRUSSELS Belgium Tel: (32-2) 675 32 97 Fax: (32-2) 675 39 35
R&S152937
s.
Table of Contents
Page N
Introduction
1
Preface
3
Table of Contents
$
Blank Data Sheet
5 7
Distribution of ASL cases by year of diagnosis (Table I)
8
ASL cases by year of diagnosis (Fig, 1)
10
Distribution of ASL cases by region (Table 2)
11
ASL cases by year of diagnosis for North America and Western Europe (Fig. 2)
12
Distribution of ASL cases by countries (Table 3)
13
!* Distribution of ASL cases in plants with 3 or more cases
(Table 4)
14
Distribution of latency periods (Table 5)
15
ASL case numbers by year of diagnosis and geographical location (Table 6)
16
ASL case numbers by year of first exposure and geographical location (Table 7)
18
Latency period of ASL cases tabulated by year of first exposure for plants with 10 or more cases (Table 8)
20
Latency period of ASL cases for all countries (Fig. 3)
22
Latency period of ASL cases for Western Europe (Fig. 4)
23
Latency period of ASL cases for North America (Fig. 5)
24
Duration of exposure of ASL cases for all countries (Fig. 6)
25
R&S152938
6.
Page N
Duration from diagnosis to death superior to one year (Fig, 7 and complement)
Age at diagnosis of ASL cases for all countries (Fig. 8)
Western Europe PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 9)
Eastern Europe PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 10)
North America PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 11)
Japan PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 12)
Australia PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 13)
Central and South America PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up dates of the plants (Table 14)
Middle East PVC/VCM Producers. Start-up date of the plant (Table 15)
Present West European PVC/VCM producers and plants location (Table 16)
Present North American PVC/VCM producers and plants location (Table 17)
Present Japanese PVC/VCM producers and plants location (Table 18)
ISO code for identification of countries
26 30 31 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 42
44 46
33
Go
CO
CJl ro <0
CD
BLANK DATA SHEET Initials Date of birth Company Plant (Pit.) First VC exposure Date at diagnosis Age at diagnosis Latency period = Years from 1st exposure to diagnosis Years of exposure (Yrs of expo.) Date of death Histological confirmation (Hist. Conf.) Comments * Estimated exposure level * Occupation * Additional medical information
Source of information
pTABLE 1
DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
Year of diagnosis
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Number of cases i 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 4 2 4 2 4 10 7 11 14 5 9 10
12/10/9.
GTABLE 1
DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS (continual)
Year of diagnosis
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 Total cases
Number of cases 8 5 8 11 5 11 5 6 9 7 2 1 4 173
1Z/10/9
e^6S9l.S'SH
DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BV REGION
Region Western Europe North America Eastern Europe Japan Australia
Total cases
Number of cases 106 57 6 3 1 173
1
12/10/9
4
R&S152944
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12J10/93
ASL CASES FOR NORTH AMERICA AND WESTERN EUROPE
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YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
TABLE 3
DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES BY COUNTRIES
Country United States Germany France United Kingdom Canada Italy Sweden Croatia Japan Slovak Republic Belgium Norway Spain Australia
Total cases
Number of cases 44 41 28 20 13 8 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 173
12/10/9
DISTRIBUTION OF ASL CASES IN PLANTS WITH 3 OR MORE CASES
Western Europe
Country + Plant Code
Number of cases
Germany
[ 4]
19
United Kingdom
[ 2]
15
Germany
[ 8]
12
France
C 3]
11
France
[ 2]
8
France
[ 53
5
United Kingdom
C 13
5
Sweden
[ 13
5
Germany
[ 73
3
Italy
C 3]
3
Germany
C 23
3
Total cases
89
North America United States United States Canada United States Total cases
[ 13 C 23 [ 13
C 3J
16 12 12 6 46
Eastern Europe Croatia Total cases
[13
4 4
WESTERN EUROPE
There are 44 pre-1970 PVC/VCM plants in Western Europe. 23 had ASL cases. Of the 106 West European cases, 80 have occurred in clusters in 8 factories.
NORTH AMERICA
There are 48 pre-1970 PVC/VCM plants in North America. 14 had ASL cases. Of the 57 North American cases. 46 have occurred in clusters in 4 factories.
1
12/10/9;
TABLE 5
DISTRIBUTION OF LATENCY PERIODS (YEARS)
15.
12/10/93
Country Australia Belgium Canada Croatia Germany Spain France United Kingdom Italy Japan Norway Sweden Slovak Republic United States Total
Average and distribution of latency period 0-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35+
1 2 3 5212
4 1 5 12 10 6 6 1
1 1 4 3 10 3 7 1 42 742
323 12
1 2 21 11 Z89 969 2 12 37 38 41 21 21
cases
Average latency period
i 25.00
2 17.50
13 24.15
4 21.25
41 21.66
1 25.00
28 28.50
20 25.30
8 21.63 3 ' 20.00
1 21.00
5 24.40
2 15.00
43 25.98
172 22.60
Latency period for US 45 Is unknown. That ASL case is not Included in the account.
R&S152948
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TABLE 6
ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Year of diagnosis
Western Europe
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
Fftl
1968
DEI
1969
1970 1971
DE2 SCI
HOI
1972
GB1 IT2 SE2
1973
DE3 DE35 OES
1974
OE4 GB3
3975
0E6 DE7 OE8 FR2 FR3 FR0 IT3
North America CA1
CA2
US8 CA3
USS
CA4 US4 CA5 US7 US10 US12 US16 US2 USU CA6 CA7 CAB LSI IIS3 US23 CA9 US6 US9 US13 US17 US18 LSI 9 US26
Other
SK2
CT1 CT2 SKI JP1
12/10/93
096231-S'SU
TABLE 6
ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION (continued)
12/10/93
Year of diagnosis
Western Europe
1976
BE1 DE9 DE36 FR4 FR5 FR6 FR7 FR9 SE3
1977
DE10 DE11 OE12 SE4
1978
DE13 0E15 DE16 DE17 FRIO FR11
1979
BE2 0E18 DE19 DE21 DE23 FR12 FR13 GB4 GBS
1980
DE20 DE22 DE30 GB6 GB7 SE6
1981
DE25 FR14 GB8 IT4
1982
DE24 FR15
1983
DE27 DE29 DE33 FR16 FR17 GB9 IT5
1984
FR18 FR19 GB10
1985
DE28 DE31 DE32 DE34 DE37 FR20 GB11 GB12 1T6
1986
DE39 DE42 FR21 GB13 IT7
1987
OE40 FR22 GB14
1988
OE3B FR23 FR24 FR25 FR26 FR27 GB15 GB16
1989
DE41 DE43 ESI FR28 GB17 ITS IT9
1990 1991
1
1992
GB1B GB19 GB20 GB21
Total for Western Europe: 106
North America CA10 US20 US22 US21 US27 US2B US32 US29 US30 US31 CA12 US33 US34 US42 US45 US47 LPS35 US36 US38 US46 US37 US39 CA11
CA13 US40 US41 US43
US44 US48
Total for North America:
57
CT3 JP2 CT4
Other
JP3
AU1 Total for other countries: 10
tSSSStSSH
TABLE 7
ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE ANO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Year 1st exposure
Western Europe
1941
FRU FR16
1942
FR28
1943
FR14 FR24
1944
FR23 GB1
1945
SE2
1946
FR1 FR3 SE4
1947
SE3
1948
FR9 FR17
1949
FR4 FRIZ
1950
DE43 FR7 GB8 GB9 NOl
1951
DE30 FR20 GB5 SE1
1952
DE3
1953
DEIS DE31 DE33 DE36 IT3
1954
OE7 DEB OE19 DE38 FR27 GB4
1955
DE11 DE16 DE18 DE23 DEZ7 DE32 0E41 DE42 FR15
1956
DEI 0E34 FRIO GB15
1957
DE2 DE4 FR8 GB1Z GB19 GB20 IT2
1956
BE1 FR6 FR22 IT7
1959
FR2 FR19 FR21 GB18 1T4
1960
DE13 DE25 DE28 DE5 IT6
1961
DE9 0E10 DE12 DE17 DE20 DE22 ITS
North America CA3 US27 US46 US13 US29 US40 CA2 CAU US19 CA1 CA5 US 5 US 7 US28 US35 CA4 CA12 US3 US9 CA7 CA9 USB US11 US21 US31 CA6 US22 US26 US1 US12 U541 US16 USIO US32 US4 CA10 US37 US18 US33 US48 US2 US17 US20 US34 US43 US44 1)536 CA13 US47 US23
US39 CAB
Other
CT2 SIC2 CT1 i JP1 CT3 SKI CT4 JP2
12/10/93
TABLE 7
ASL CASE NUMBERS BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE AND GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION (continued)
12/10793
Year 1st exposure
Western Europe
1962
BE2 DE6 0E21 DE29 FR25 GB6
1963
FR13 FR18 FR26 GE7 GB16 GB17
1964
ESI S5
1965
FR5 GB11 GB21
1966
G63 GB10 GB14
1967
ITS
1968
t)E35 DE39 DEM GB13
1969
DE24 DE37
1970
1971
1972
I T9 Total for Western Europe. 106
Date of 1st exposure for US 45 is unknown. That ASL case Is not included In the account.
US6 US38 US30
North America
US42
Total for North America: 56
Other AU1 JP3
Total for other countries: 10
236291SW
esessi.s'sa
TABLE 8
LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES TABULATED BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE FOR PLANTS WITH 10 OR MORE CASES
12/10/93
Year 1st exposure 1941
Germany [ 4]
1942
1943 1944
1945
1946
1947 194 B
1949
1950 1951
29
1952
1953 1954
23 34 21,25
1955
23 28
1956
29 12
1957 19SB
13
1959
1960
United Kingdom [ 23
Germany [ 8]
33 31 23
32 35 35 33
39
32 30 25 21 24 30 31 22 17
21
France [ 3]
37 42 47 38 44
29
28 35
34 27 22
United States [ 1]
45
20 29 28
29 2B 25
19
15 31 37 28 27 19 15
United States t 23
42 37 38 32 32 24 39 34 35 31
24
TABLE 8
LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES TABULATED BY YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE FOR PLANTS WITH 10 OR MORE CASES (continued)
12/10/93
Germany
Year 1st exposure
C A1
1961
19 16 19 17
1962
17
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
5 18 19
1969
16
1970
1971
1972
1973
-
Total cases: 19 Average : 20.16
United Kingdom C 23
18 17 27 20
8 18 21 18
Total cases: 15 Average : 24.93
Germany [ B]
13
Total cases: 12 Average : 25,42
France [ 3]
Total cases: 11 Average : 34.82
United States [ 1]
12
Total cases: 16 Average : 25.44
United States [ 2]
Total cases: 12 Average : 30.67
tsezsisw
LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES FOR ALL COUNTRIES
gSKSlSSU
is>
LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES FOR WESTERN EUROPE
12/10/93
9S6SSI.S'2H
YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE
LATENCY PERIOD OF ASL CASES FOR NORTH AMERICA
zsessissy
v
8S63StS'8H
YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE
DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES (if >= one year)
YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
COMPLEMENT TO FIGURE 7
DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES (If >-one year)
12/10/9.
Year of ISO
Case
diagnosis code number Duration
1967
CA
4
1
1967
US
4
1
1968
OE
1
1
1970
US
2
1
1970
OE
2
1
1971
NO
1
1
1973
OE
5
1
1973
DE
35
11
1974
US
6
1
1974
US
9
1
1974
US
17
6
1976
US
19
1
1975
FR
8
2
1976
FR
9
1
1976
CA
10
1
1976
OE
9
2
1976
OE
36
10
1979
US
32
1
1979
DE
19
1
1979
DE
21
1
1979
OE
23
2
1979
BE
2
4
1980
OE
22
i
1980
DE
30
3
1981
US
31
1
COMPLEMENT TO FIGURE 7
DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES (if >-one year) (continued) 12/10/
Year of diagnosis
1981 1982 1982 1982 1982 1982 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1986 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989
ISO code
DE DE US US US FR DE DE DE US FR DE CA DE DE IT DE DE 68 FR FR FR US FR DE
Case number Duration
25 2 24 1 34 1 45 7 47 8 15 11 27 1 29 1 33 2 46 6 19 1 32 1 11 1 31 1 37 1 61 42 2 40 1 14 1 22 1 23 1 27 1 43 1 28 1 43 2
COMPLEMENT TO FIGURE 7
1 DURATION FROM DIAGNOSIS TO DEATH FOR ALL COUNTRIES Of =-orte year) (continued) 12/10/9
Year of diagnosis
1990
1991
ISO code
US
US
Case number
44
48
Duration 1 1
96351SW
mum<
BO
70
60
CO CO 50
zO o 5 tau 30
20
10
1
1955
1960
AGE AT DIAGNOSIS OF ASL CASES FOR ALL COUNTRIES
11 [ 4t ' , 11 i > <i i
*
I
| 1!
fi
* <
1t
1I
ii ' i
|4 11
1965
1970
1975 YEAR OF DIAGNOSIS
1980
1985
1990
191
TABLE 9
Western Europe
PVC/VCM PRODUCERS
12/10/93
startup ISO
year
code
Company name
1931
DE BASF
1933
OE WACKER
1935
OE TREUHANO
1938
IT MDNTECATINI (closed)
1939
FR RHONE-POULENC/ELF-ATOCHEM
1940
G8 ICI/EVC
1940
GB ICI/EVC (closed 1948 - restarted 1970)
1945
SE KEMANORD
1946
FR RHONE-POULENC
1948
GB BP/EVC
1948
DE CWH/HULS
1949
BE SOLVAY
1950
FR PEUK/ELF-ATOCHEM
1950
FR RHONE-POULENC/ELF-ATOCHEM
1950
NL SHELL/ROVIN
1950
NO NORSK
1951
DE DYNAMIT/HULS
1951
CH LONZA/EVC
1952
IT MONTEDISON/EVC
1952
IT MOPLEEAN (closed)
1953
FR SOLVAY
1953
IT SOLVAY
1953
DE HOECHST
1953
ES RIO ROOANO/ELF-ATOCHEM
1953
GB NORSK
1953
AT HALVIC/SOLVAY
1955
DE DYNAMIT/HULS
1955 1955
ES MONSANTO 1BERIA/AISCONDEL DE STATE COMPANY
1955
DE HOECHST
1956
ES HISPAVIC/SOLVAY
1958 1960
DE SOLVAY IT AN1C/EVC
1960
DE LONZA/IC1/EVC
1960
SE KCMANORD/NORSK
1961
PT ORES
Plant Location Ludwigshafen Burghausen SchKopau Acna St Eons Hi11house Runcorn Sundsvall Roussillon Barry Marl Jemeppe Brignoud St Auban Perms Heroya Troisdorf Sins Porto Marghera Term Tavaux Ferrara Gendorf Hernani Aycliffe Hallein Rhelnfelden Monton Bitterfeldt Frankfurt Torrelavega Rheinberg Ravenna Waldshut Stenungsund Estarreja
Close-up year
1988 1987
1975
1968 1983 1990
TABLE 9
Western Europe
PVC/VCM PRODUCERS (continued)
12/10/93
Start-up ISO
year
code
Company name
1963
IT EVC
1965
FR RHONE-POULENC closed
1965
IT PANSAC
1965
IT POZZJ
1965
DE WACKER
1966
0E HQECHST
1967
FR ATOCHEM7ELF-ATOCHEM
1967
ES RIO ROOANO/ELF-ATOCHEM
1967
GR ESSO PAPPAS/EKO
1968
BE BADIPHIL/BASF
1969
IT RUMANICA/EVC
1969
IT SIR/EVC
1969
GB NORSK
1970
NL ROVIN
1971
ES HISPAVIC/SOLVAY
1971
GB BP
1972
FI PEKEM/NESTE
1972
NL OSH/LVM
1972
ES VINICL0R7S0LVAY
1972
BE LVM
1976
FR COF/LVH
1976
ES MONSANTO IBERIA/AISCONDEL
1978
NO NORSK
1980
DE ICI/EVC
1981
FR ELF-ATOCHEM/VINYLFOS
1981
FR SHELL
1983
FR ELE-ATOCHEM
Plant Location Brindisi Montlucon Mira-Vemce Ferrandlna Kiln Knapsack Balan Miranda Oe Ebro Thessaloniki Antwerp Cagliari Porto Torres Staveley Botlek Martorell I Baglan Bay Svartbach/Kulloo Beek Geleen Martorell II Tessenderlo Mazingarbe Tarragona Rafnes Wilhelmshaven Fos.sur Mer Berre Lavera
Close-up year
19B6 1982
TABLE 10
Eastern Europe
PVC/VCM PRODUCERS
12/10/93
Start-up 150
year
code
Company name
1941
SU STATE COMPANY
1950
CT JUGO VINIl
1951
SK STATE COMPANY
1956
RO STATE COMPANY
1957
RO STATE COMPANY
1957
PL STATE COMPANY
1958
RO STATE COMPANY
1959
HU STATE COMPANY
1961
RO STATE COMPANY
1963
CT OHIS
1965
BG STATE COMPANY
1967
PL STATE COMPANY
1969
SU STATE COMPANY
1970
SU STATE COMPANY
1970
RO STATE COMPANY
1972
CT VINILPLASTIKA
1975
CS STATE COMPANY
1975
SU STATE COMPANY
1976
CT HIP
1977
RO STATE COMPANY
Plant Location Vladimir Split Novaky Icechlm Tlrnavem Turda Oswelclm Owory Rlsnov Borsodchem Borzesti Skopje Varna Tarnow Djerjlnsfc Volgograd Rimnicu Vilcea Zadar Neratovice Kalush Area Pancevo
Rimnicu Vilcea Z
Close-up year
TABLE 11
North America
PVC/VCM PRODUCERS
34.
12/10/93
Start-up [SO
year
code
Company name
Plant Location
1939
us UNION CARBIDE
S Charleston
1942
US BF GOODRICH
Louisville
1943
CA CANADIAN RESINS/SHAWINIGAN/GULF/GOODRICH Shawinlgan
1946
US UNION CARBIDE
Texas City
1947
US GOODYEAR
Niagara Falls
1948
US FIRESTONE/OCCIDENTAl
Pottstown
1948
US UNIROYAL
Palnesvllle
1948
US DOW
Freeport
1950
US MONSANTO
Springfield
1951
US BF GOODRICH
Avon Late
1951
CA MONSANTO
La Salle
1952
US DOW
Midland
1953
US DIAMOND SHAMROCK/BF GOODRICH
Deer Park
1953
US BF GOODRICH
Calvert City
1954
US GEM.T1RE/DI VERSITECHCCl.83)/VYGENCop.86) Ashtabula
1956
US GREAT AMERICAN PLASTICS
Fitchburg
1956
US PANTASOTE
Passaic
1956
US AIR PROOUCTS/WESTLAKE
Pensacola
1956
US BORDEN
Leominster
1956
US CONOCO
Hebronville
1956
US HOOKER
Hicksville
1957
CA GOODRICH
Niagara Falls
1957
US TENNECO/OCC1DENTAL
Flemington
1958
US AIR PRODUCTS/WESTLAKE
Calvert City
1958
US KEYSOR CORPORATION
Saugus
1960
US BF GOODRICH
Long Beach
1960
US BORDEN
Illiopolls
1960
CA DOW
Sarnia
1962
US TENNECO/OCCIDENTAL
Burlington NJ
1963
US CONOCO/VISTA
Aberdeen Miss.
1963
US STAUFFER
Long Beach
1965
US CONOCO/OIIN
Assmet
1965
US ETHYL
Baton Rouge
1966 1966
CA ESSO IMPERAIL 01L7EXX0N US DIAMOND/GEORGIA GULF
Sarnia Delaware City
1966
US GEN. TIRE/PANTASOTE
Mt Pleasant '
Close-up year 1979 1993
1975 1982 ~ 1975 1975 1975
1983 1984 1984 1975 1980 1985
1993
1982 1975 1984
1982
R&S152967
TABLE 11
North America
PVC/VCM PRODUCERS (continued)
12/10/93
Start-up ISO
year
code
Company name
1966
US 8F GOODRICH
1966
US STAUFFER/FORMOSA
1967
US ALLIED7R081NTECM/6E0RGIA PACIFIC
1967
US PPG
1968
US FIRESTONE/OCCIDENTAL
1968
US GOODYEAR/BF GOODRICH
1968
US FORMOSA PLASTICS
1969
US GEORGIA GULF
1969
US OOW
1969
US SHELl
1970
US 8F GOODRICH
1971
US CONOCO/VISTA
1972
US NAT. STARCH (closed)
1973
US BORDEN
1974
US ATLANTIC TUBING/TALLYRAND
1974
US SHINTECH
1975
US CERTAIN-TEED
1975 1975
US GEORGIA PACIFIC/GEORGIA GULF
us TENNECO/OCCIDENTAL
1977
US DOW
1978
US BF GOODRICH
1979
CA DIAMOND SHAMROCK /BF GOODRICH
1979
US FIRESTONE/OCCIDENTAL
1979
CA DOW
1980
US GEORGIA GULF
1983
US FORMOSA
1984
US BF GOOORICH
1992
US FORMOSA PLASTICS
Plant Location Henry 111. Delaware City Painesville Late Charles Perryville Plaquemine Baton Rouge I Tiptonville Oyster Creek Deer Park Pedncktown Oklahoma City Meredosla 111. Springfield Cranston Freeport Lake Charles Plaquemine Passadena Plaquemine II La Porte Fort Saskatchewan Addis Fort Saskatchewan Galiman Point Comfort Terra Haute Baton Rouge II
Close-up year 1982
1982
TABLE 12
Japan
PVC/VCM PROOUCERS
36. 12/10/93
Start-up ISO
year
code
Company name
1949
JP CHISSO CORP
1950
JP KANEGAFUCHI
1950
JP TEKKOSHA/TOHOKU TOSOH
1951
JP MITSUI TOATSU
1951
JP OENKI KAGAKU KOGYO/CO DENKI
1951
JP NIPPON CARBIDE
1951
JP NIPPON ZEON
1951
JP SUMITOMO CHEM. (closed)
1952
JP MITSUBISHI MONSANTO / MITSUBISHI VINYL
1953
JP TOASOSEI CHEM.
1956
JP NISSHIN CHEM.
1956
JP KUREHA CHEM./KUREHA KAGAKU
1956
JP NIPPON ZEON
1957
JP SHIN-ETSU CHEM.
1959
JP NIPPON CARBIDE
1960
JP OENKI KAGAKU KOGYO/CO DENKI
1960
JP KANEGAFUCHI
1961
JP TQAG0SE1
1963
JP CHISSO CORP. (closed)
1966
JP TOKUAYAMA SEKISUI
1967
JP SUN ARROW
1967
JP SUMITOMO CHEM.
1968
JP NIKKA CHEM./MITSUBISHI VINYL
1968
JP SHIN-ETSU CHEM.
1969
JP NIPPON ZEON
1970
JP CHISSO CORP.
1970
JP DENKI KAGAKU KOGYO/CO OENKI
1970
JP KANEGAFUCHI
1970
JP KAWASAKI YUKI.
1970
JP MITSUI TOATSU CHEM.
1970
JP SHIN-ETSU CHEM.
1970
JP TEKKOSHA/TOSOH CORP.
1971
JP NISSAN CHEM/NISSAN KAGAKU
1981
JP TOSOH CORP.
Plant Location Minamata Osaka Sakata Nagoya Shibukawa Uozu Kambara Ehime Yokkaichi Nagoya Takefu Nishikl Takaoka Naoetsu Hayatsuki Ohmi Takasago Tokushima Gol Nanyo Tokuyama Chiba Mizushlma Nanyo Mlzushima Mlzushima Chiba Kashima Kawasaki Osaka Kashina Yokkaichi Chiba Nanyo
Close-up year 1985 1972 1967 1960 1973 1992
1988
1989
I
R&S152969
TABLE 13
Australia
PVC/VCM PROOUCERS
37. 12/IQ/93
Start-up ISO
year
code
Company name
1955
All ICI AUSTRALIA
1960
AU BF GOODRICH
1979
AU ICI AUSTRALIA
Plant Location
Botany Sydney
Melbourne
Laverton
Close-up year
i t
o ie s s v s ^
TABLE 14
Central and South America PVC/VCM PRODUCERS
38. 12/10/93
Start-up ISO
year
code
Company name
1953
MX MONSANTO MEXICO
1954
MX POLICYD
1955
BR GEON DO BRAZIL
1956
BR ELCLOR/SOLVAY
1960
AR ELECTROCHLOR
1960
AR VIPLASTIC
1961
AR INOUPA
1965
CO PET COLUMBIANA
1966
CO CARBURO DE COL
196?
MX PLASTICOS OMEGA
196?
PE SOC PARAMONGA
1963
MX PRIMEX
1970
NI PaiCASA
1970
CL PETRO DOW
1971
MX POLIMEROS MEX
1972
BR BRASIVIL/SOLVAY
1975
PR RICO CHEMICALS
1976 1977
VE PETROPLAS MX INDUST. RESISTOC
1976
MX POLICYD
1978
BR HOLS/BRAZIL
1978
SV POLYCHEM
1979
BR PET CAMACARI
Plant Location Lecherla Mexico Sao Paulo Santo Andre Capltan Bermudez Mendoz Clnco Saltos Cartagena Medellin Mexico Paramonga Puebla Managua Conception St Martin Puebla Santo Andre Guyamlla El Tablazo Tlazcala Coatzacoalcos Cubato El Salvador Camacan Bahia
Close-up year
i i
R&S 152971
39.
31625 V ffW
] 40.
TABLE 16
PRESENT WEST EUROPEAN PVC/VCM PRODUCERS AND PLANTS LOCATION
COMPANY
PLANT
START-UP-YEAR
AISCONDEL BASF CIRES EKO ELF-ATOCHEM
EVC
HOECHST HOLS
ES MONZON ES TARRAGONA
BE ANTWERP DE LUDWIGSHAFEN DE SCHWARZHEIDE
PT ESTARREJA
GR THESSALONIKI
FR BALAN FR BRIGNOUD FR SAINT AUBAN FR SAINT FONS ES HERNANI ES MIRANDA FR LAVERA
DE WALDSHUT
DE WILHELMSHAVEN IT BRINDISI
IT CAGLIARI IT PORTO MARGHERA IT PORTO TORRES
IT RAVENNA CH SINS GB BARRY GB HILLHOUSE GB RUNCORN
DE GENDORF DE KNAPSACK
DE MARL
PVC/VCM PVC/VCM
PVC/VCM PVC/VCM
PVC
PVC
PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC VCM
PVC
PVC/VCM PVC VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM VCM PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC/VCM
PVC/VCM PVC/VCM
PVC/VCM
1955 1976
1968 1931
1961
1967
1967 1950 1950 1939 1953 1967 1983
1960 closed 1990 1980 1963 1969 1969 1952 1969 1970 1960 1951 1948 Y940 1970
1953 1966
1948
R&S152973
TABLE 16
44.
INDUSTRIE GENERALE L.V.M,
NESTE NORSK
ROVIN SHELL SOLVAY
TREUHAND VINYLFOS/ ELF-ATOCHEM WACKER
IT SAMARATE
FR MAZINGARBE NL BEEK GELEN BE TESSENDERLO
FI KULLOO
NO HEROYA SE STENUNGSUND GB AYCLIFFE NO RAFNES
NL PERNIS NL BOTLEK
FR BERRE
AT HALLEIN BE JEMEPPE FR TAVAUX DE RHEINBERG IT FERRARA ES MARTORELL ES MARTORELL/
VINICLOR
DE SCHKOPAU
FR FOS-SUR-MER
DE KOLN DE BURGHAUSEN
PVC
PVC PVC VCM
PVC
PVC PVC/VCM PVC VCM
PVC VCM
PVC
PVC PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC/VCM PVC PVC VCM
PVC/VCM
VCM
PVC PVC/VCM
1976 1972 1972
1972
1950 I960 1953 1978
1950 1970
1981
1953 1949 1953 1958 1953 1971 1972
1935
1981
1965 1933
4-2.
TABLE 17 PRESENT NORTH AMERICAN PVC/VCM PRODUCERS AND PLANTS LOCATION
COMPANY
PLANT
START-UP-YEAR
AIR PRODUCTS (WESTLAKE)
US CALVERT CITY US PENSACOLA
BORDEN
US GEISMAR US ILLIOPOL1S US SPRINGFIELD
CERTAIN TEED US LAKE CHARLES
DOW
CA FORT SASKATCHEWAN CA SARNIA
US OYSTER CREEK US PLAQUEMINE II
EXXON
CA SARNIA
FORMOSA PLASTICS
US BATON ROUGE I " " II
US DELAWARE CITY US POINT COMFORT
GEORGIA GULF
US DELAWARE CITY US T1PTONVILLE US PLAQUEMINE US GALLMAN
GOODRICH/ GEON COMPANY
CA SHAWINIGAN
CA NIAGARA FALLS CA FORT SASKATCHEWAN US AVON LAKE US DEER PARK US LA PORTE US LONG BEACH US HENRY US LOUISVILLE
PVC PVC
PVC/VCM PVC PVC
PVC
VCM VCM
VCM VCM
PVC
VCM VCM PVC PVC/VCM
PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC
PVC
PVC PVC PVC PVC/VCM PVC PVC PVC PVC
1958 1956
1960 1973
1975
1979 1960 closed 1993 1969 1977
1966
1968 1992 1966 1983
1966 1969 1975 1980
1943 closed 1993 1957 "1979 1952 1953 1978 1960 1966 1940
R&S152975
TABLE 17
43.
GOODRICH (cont.) US PEDRICKTOWN US PLAQUEMINE US TERRA HAUTE
GOODYEAR
US NIAGARA FALLS
KEYSOR CORP. US SAUGUS
OCCIDENTAL
US ADDIS US BURLINGTON US CORPUS CHRISTIE US DEER PARK US PASADENA US pottstown
PPG
US LAKE CHARLES
SHINTECH
US FREEPORT
UNION CARBIDE US TEXAS CITY
VISTA
US ABERDEEN US LAKE CHARLES US OKLAHOMA
VYGEN
US ASHTABULA
WESTLAKE
US CALVERT CITY US PENSACOLA
PVC PVC PVC
PVC
PVC
PVC PVC VCM VCM PVC PVC
VCM
PVC
PVC
pvc
VCM PVC
PVC
PVC/VCM PVC
1969 1969 1984
1947
1958
1979 1962 1990 1969 1975 1948
1967
1974
1946
1963
1971
1986
1958 1956
44-.
TABLE 18
PRESENT JAPANESE PVC/VCM PRODUCERS WITH PLANTS LOCATION
COMPANY
PLANT
START-UP-YEAR
CHIBA VCM CH1SSO CORP.
CHUO PVC SALES CO ASAHI G DENKI KAGACU
DAI-TCHI PVC FIRST PVC SALES CO NIPPON JAPAN PVC SALES CO DENKI
KANEGAFUCHI
KUREHA KAGAKU KYODO PVC SALES CO CENTRE MITSUBISHI VINYL
MITSUI TOATSU
NISSAN KAGAKU
JP CHIBA JP CHIBA JP MINAMATA JP MIZUSHIMA JP HAYATSUKI
JP OHMI
JP CHIBA
JP MIZUSHIMA JP TAKAOKA JP CHIBA JP OHMI
JP SHINBUKAWA
JP KASHIMA JP OSAKA JP TAKASAGO
JP NISHIKI
JP KAWASAKI
JP MIZUSHIMA JP YOKKAICHI
JP SENBOKU JP NAGOYA JP CHIBA
VCM
PVC PVC PVC
PVC
VCM
PVC
PVC PVC
PVC PVC
PVC
PVC PVC PVC/VCM
PVC
PVC
PVC PVC
PVC/VCM VCM
PVC/VCM VCM
1949 1970
1959 closed 1988
1960 closed 1990
1992
1969 1956
1970 1960 closed 1992 1951
1970 1950 1960
1956
1970
1968 1952
1951
1971 closed 1988
R&S152977
TABLE 18
45.
RYONICHI SANYO MONOMER SHIN ETSU
SUMITOMO
SUN ARROW TOA GOSEI TOKUYAMA SEK1SUI TOYO SODA
JP MIZUSHIMA
JP MIZUSHIMA
JP KASHIMA JP TOKUYAMA JP KAWASAKI
JP CHIBA JP KIKUMOTO
JP TOKUYAMA
JP TOKUSHIMA
JP TOKUYAMA
JP NANYO JP YOKKAICHI
VCM
VCM
PVC/VCM PVC VCM
PVC PVC/VCM
PVC/VCM
PVC
PVC
PVC/VCM PVC/VCM
1970
1967 1967 1961
J
R&S152978
ISO CODES
ISO code
AF AL AR AT All BE BG BO BR CA CH Cl CL CO CS CT DE DK EG ES FI FR GB GR HK HU ID IE IL IN IQ IR IS IT JO JP
Country Afgam stan Albany Argentina Austria Australia Belgium Bulgaria Bolivia Brasil Canada Swiss China Chile Colombia Czech Republic Croatia Germany Denmark Egypt Spain Finland France United kingdom Greece Hong Kong Hungaria Indonesia Ireland Israel India Iraq Iran Iceland Italy Jordama Japan
R&S 152979
M
12/10/9:-
ISO CODES (continued)
ISO code
KP KR KW LB LU MX NI NL NO NZ PE PH PL PR PT RO SA SE SG SK SU SV SY TH TR TW US UY VE ZA
Country North Corea South Corea Kuweit Li ban Luxemburg Mexico Nicaragua Holland Norway New Zeeland Peru Philippines Poland Puerto Rico Portugal Rumania Arable Saoudlte Sweden Singapour Slovak Republic Russia Salvador Syria Thailand Turkey Taiwan United States Uruguay Venezuela South Africa
12/10/9
R&S152980