Document BnYmYL64V5ekmgXvOk0oxQKX

FILE NAME: Johnson & Johnson (JAJ) DATE: 1959 Dec 31 DOC#: JAJ033 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Report - The Physical Concentration of Talc Ores - Flotation of Italian Run-of-Mine Talc - Presented to J & J Research PROGRESS REPORT on THE PHYSICAL CONCENTRATION OF TALC ORES - FLOTATION OF ITALIAN RUN-OF-MINE TALC to JOHNSON AND JOHNSON D ecem b er 31, 1959 by ^Tbitm anE. Brown BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE 505 King Avenue Columbus 1, Ohio Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes, and this report may not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes. Protected Document-SuW ect to Protective Order JNJAZS6_000000799 Battelle Memorial Institute 90S KI NO AVENUE C O L U M B U S I, O H I O January 15, I960 M r. W. H. Ashton R esearch Departm ent Johnson and. Johnson New B runsw ick, New Jersey- D ear M r. Ashton: We a re sending you six copies of our re p o rt on "The P h ysical Concentration of T alc-O res - Flotation of Italian Run-of-M ine T alc", by Whitman . Brown. This re p o rt, in conjunction with our sim ilar report of July 3 1 , 1959, on the "F lotation of Italian No. 2 T a lc " , gives the laboratory work that was the basis for the recom m endation of a pilot talcflotation plant and the data on which its design w as based. Sincerely y o u rs, O F T :jvo cc: D r. W, H. Lycan C. W. Swank O. F . T angel d e d i c a t e d to t h e a d v a n c e m e n t , os s c i e n c e Protect*! Docum ent-subject to Protective order JNJAZML.0M00SM0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pag* IN TR O D U C TIO N .................................................................................................... 1 SUMMARY - ITALIAN ROM T A L C . . ' .................................... 3 SAMPLING AND MINERAL EVALUATION OF ITALIAN ROM T A L C ......................................... 4 EXPERIM ENTAL W O R K .................................................................................. 4 G rinding............................................................................................... . 4 E ffect of W eight of Talc Charged to Pebble M ill in Wet and Dry G rinding. 6 E ffect of G rinding-M edia Weight. . 8 E ffe c t of G rinding T i m e ............................................... ...... . 8 E ffec t o f Pulp D e n s i t y ................................................................. 8 E ffe c t of P ebble S i z e . ................................................................. 12 E ffect of Grinding Time on Production of Minus 10-M icron P a r t i c l e s ................................................................. 12 S im ulated C lo se d -C irc u it G rin d in g .......................................... IS H ydraulic C la ssificatio n of P eb b le M ill P r o d u c t ........................ 17 F l o t a t i o n ............................................................... ..... ............................. 21 Flotation of W et-Ground Minus 100-M esh ROM Talc . 21 Flotation of D ry-G round Minus 200-M esh ROM Talc . . 24 F lotation of W et-Ground M inus 200-M esh ROM T alc . . 24 E ffe c t of HC1 on R ecovery and Q u ality ...................... 24 Effect of Type of F rother on Recovery and Q uality. . . . ......................................... 26 PROPOSED P IL O T -P L A N T F L O W S H E E T ................................................ 31 C O N C L U S IO N S .............................................. 34 FUTURE W O R K ..................................................................................... . . . 36 APPENDIX SUMMARIZED RESULTS OF. A LL FLOTATION TESTS MADE ON ITALIAN ROM T A L C ........................................................................................ A -1 B A T"T E L L Z MEMORIAL. IN* T l T U T I Protected Docum onl-Subject to Protectfvt Ordtr JN4AZMLWOWM01 .. . PROGRESS. REPORT on THE PHYSICAL CONCENTRATION OF TALQ ORES FLOTATION OF ITALIAN RUN-OF-MINE TALC to JOHNSON AND JOHNSON from BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE . by Whitman E. Brcwt. D ecem ber 31, 1959 INTRODUCTION ,This is the T hird P r o g r e s s R ep o rt on "The P h y sic a l C oncentration of T alc O res" and specifically applies to ex p erim en tal r e s u lts obtained fro m the b eneficiation of Italian ru n -o f-m in e (ROM) talc. F o r com parative p u rp o ses, occasional referen ces a re made in the discussion about re su lts obtained from Ita lia n No. 2 talc. * The objectives of the investigation w ere: (1) To obtain a p ro d u ct th at c o n sists esse n tia lly of talc p la te le ts (2) To re je c t talc p a rtic le s th a t a re of a size and shape that create unpleasant dusting while talc is being dispensed from a container (3) To obtain a talc p ro d u ct w ith an obvious lu s te r in o rd e r to convey to the consum er the im m ediate im p ressio n that the talc is of the highest-quality (4) To in v estig ate the v a ria b le s th a t affect the g rin d ab ility of talc Brown, *W7 E ., "The Physical C oncentration of T alc O rel - Flotation of Italian No. 2 T alc", B atrelle Progress Report to Johnson !anti`Jchhson (July 3 1 , 1989). BATTELLE M E M O, R I A L INSTITUTE Protected D ocum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZ56 000000802 2 (5) To e sta b lish "hat th B eneficiation p ro c e s s developed fo r Italian No. 2 talc is also applicable to the run-of-m ine talc, l In addition to achieving the foregoing objectives, it was desirable that the finished talc product m eet the following specifications: M oisture: Not m o re than 0. 15 p e r cent Solubility in HC1: Not m o re than 6 p e r cent Fineness: Not le ss than 99.7 per cent through a 100-m esh Tyler sieve and not le ss than 98. 5 p er cent through a 200mesh^ sieve M icroscopic Structure: P latelets, and no acicular or excessive granular crystals Bulk D ensity: Not le s s than 22 nor m o re than 27 pounds p e r cubic foot, when tested by the Scott Volum eter. In fu rth er keeping with the standards of production, it is desirable that the finished talc product have essentially the sam e w hiteness as that currently being m arketed by Johnson and Johnson. The m ethods of beneficiation employed in previous work were hydraulic cycLoning and flotation. It was estab lish ed in the e a rlie r investiga tions that hydraulic cycloning alone not only rejected objectionable dust form ing p a rtic le s , but also im proved the platy"content of the talc. How e v e r, cycloning alone w as not-sufficient to obtain the ultim ate in purity. F lo ta tio n p ro v ed to be effective fo r the rem oval of m o re nonplaty ta lc , . trem olite, dolom ite, and other accessory gritty and off-color m inerals. The combined cyclone-flotation p ro cesses developed for Italian No. 2 talc w ere not effective in im proving the lu s te r, as judged by casual observa tio n s, although the m in e ra l p a rtic le s w ere 98 to 99 p e r cent ta lc p la tele ts. If a product consisting of such high-purity m ineral p article s did not have an im proved lu s te r, then a method of com minution, other than ro ller m illin g , might* affect favorably the iorphology of the p la te le ts and the. lu s te r . Wet rid 'dry'pebble m illing seem ed lo g ical m ethods to try . In addition to obtaining a talc with an im proved lu s te r , c e rta in econom ic fa c to rs had to be considered. It w as the S p o n so r's d e s ire to rem ove from talcum powder Objectionable dust-form ing p articles: platelets o r o th e r fo rm s. Some ex p erim en ts indicated that p a r tic le s fin er than 10 or 15 m icro n s w ere ea sily airb o rn e and, th e re fo re , th e ir rem o v al should im prove the powder. Size*-distribution experim ents, how ever, showed that about 27 p e r cent of the Ita lia n No. 2 type of talc w as fin e r than 10 m icro n s and about 40 p er cent of the w eight was finer lhan about 14 m icro n s, so that com plete rejectio n of the potential d u st, in the final an aly sis, would BAT T E L L E ? M E M O R I A L INSTITUTE Protected D ocum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZS5JJOOOOOM3 3 in c re a s e the to tal co st of the raw m a te ria l in d ir e c t p ro p o rtio n to the am ount of re je c te d weight. This does not include the operating cost of the classification process. Battelle believed that carefully controlled wetp eb b le-m ill grinding m ight re s u lt in a ground product having le ss of the objectionable fine sizes. Johnson and Johnson was asked to obtain Italian ru n -o f-m in e {unground) o re s a m p le s , so that the p ro b lem s re la te d to lu s te r and fine grinding m ight be investigated in the laboratory. SUMMARY ~ ITALIAN ROM TALC Batch wet grinding in a laboratory-pebble m ill produced fine-ground talc that had a higher order of lu ste r than that obtained by dry ro lle r m illing o r dry pebble milling. Batch wet pebble milling resulted in faster grinding of minus 10-m esh talc through 200 m esh but p ro d u ced m o re objectionable fine ta lc in the m inus 10-m icron sizes than batch dry pebble milling. V ariables that affect rates of grinding w ere investigated. It was found that a grinding tim e of le ss than 11 m inutes and a circ u latin g load of m o re than 336 p e r cent m ay be re q u ire d to avoid o v ergrinding. L ab o ra to ry experim ents w ere not successful in obtaining a ground product containing le s s than 35 p e r cent of the w eight fin er than 10 m icro n s. D ata w ere ob tain ed , h ow ever, that can be used to d eterm in e the appro x im ate grinding tim e n e c e ssa ry to obtain the d e sire d re s u lts. This inform ation is d iscu ssed with Figure 5 in the "Grinding" section of this report. It is n e c e s s a ry to grind fin e r than 100 m e sh , because a 100-m esh grind yields products that a re g ritty , although the high lu ste r is rem arkably evident. If die ROM ta lc is o v erg ro u n d , that i s , contains m o re than about 40 per cent of m inus 10-m icron p a rtic le s, one stage of cyclone classification m ay not be sufficient fo r sa tisfa c to ry rem oval of the fines. H ow ever, ROM talc which h as not been overground responds satisfa c to rily to cyclone classification. Flotation of w et-ground and classified ROM talc was successful. B eneficiated p ro d u cts w ere o b tained that w ere 97 to 99 p e r cen t p la ty ta lc . The yield expected in a continuous o p eratio n is 80 p e r cent of the w eight of the flo tatio n feed; this am ounts to 56 p e r cent of the o rig in a l o re. The beneficiated talc was an im provem ent in all respects when com pared with the Johnson and Johnson specifications for the raw m a teria l currently used in their m arketed Baby Powder. battelle memorial institute Protected D ocum ent-Subject to Protective Order 4 I The b en eficiatio n p ro cess.d ev elo p ed fo r Ita lia n No-. 2 talc is also I sa tisfa c to ry fo r Italian; ROM talc "When the p ro p e r crushing and grinding equipment are used. I jF r . i ` 1 SAMPLING. ANO MINERAL EVALUATION OF ITALIAN ROM TALC I I Johnson and Johnson a rra n g e d for a sam ple of c o a rse ru n -o f-m in e (ROM) Italian ta lc to be shipped to B attelle for grinding and flo tatio n 1 e x p e rim e n ts, including lu ste r studies of the p ro d u cts fro m the ex p erim en ts. Approxim ately 4,450 pounds of ROM ore w ere received for this w ork in J u ly , 1958.: . One bag containing 150 pounds of ta lc w as re s e rv e d for m iscellaneous purposes. The rem aining portion, containing some pieces up to 1-1/2 inches m axim um dim ension, was m ixed by coning and reduced I in 'quantity by rifflin g to 268 pounds. The 268-pound sam ple w as ro ll 1 cru sh ed through a 10-m esh T yler sc re e n fo r feed m a te ria l in the grinding (pebble-m illing) experim ents.. .A sm all but rep re se n ta tiv e portion of the m inus 10-m esh talc was ground in a pebble m ill to p ass through a 200-m esh Tyler screen and examined with a m icroscope. 1 I R esu lts of the m icro sco p e an aly sis showed that the Italian ROM talc w as alm o st id e n tica l to the Ita lia n No. 2 talc in m in e ra l com position. It contained about 90 per cent platy talc, 6 p e r cent nonplaty calc, 2 p e r cent dolom ite, and 2 p e r c en t trem olite. The Italian No. 2 talc contained about I 90 p e r cent p laty ta lc, 6 per cent nonplaty ta lc, 3 p e r cent dolom ite, and 1 per cent trem olite. 1 Because of the nearly identical m in eral com positions of the ROM talc 1 and the Ita lia n No. 2 ta lc , it w as im plied that b en eficiatio n m ethods developed for Italian No. 2 m a te ria l would probably be ju s t as effective for the p ro cessin g of ROM talc. I . EXPERIM ENTAL WORK G rinding The objectives for grinding ROM talc w ere threefold: (1) G rind the o re through 200 m esh in a m a n n er tha't would re s u lt in the production of le ss m inus 10-m icron talc than.that .- contained in Ita lia n No. 2 ta lc , or-significantly le ss than about 27 p e r c e n t B T T E I . L-B MEMO-.RIAL INSTITUTE Protected D ocum ent-Subject to Protective Order I I 1 I t I I JNJAZ55_000000805 5 (2) G rin d Che o re in a m an n er th a t would r e s u lt in a ground produce having a m ore prom inent lu ste r than that obtain able from Italian No. 2 talc. (3) D eterm in e the m o at expedient m ethod of grinding to p roduce ground products suitable for subsequent classification and flo tatio n ex p erim en ts in- the lab o rato ry . Because talc is one of the softest natural m in erals, one might expect that it would grind easily and overgrinding would be difficult to avoid. P r e lim in a ry ex p erim en ts on w et grinding m inus 10-m e a h ta lc through 200 m esh indicated that grinding of talc w as not so sim ple as grinding the granular type of m inerals. The re a s o n s a re th at (1)' ta lc r e s is ts grinding because of its lu b ric ity ahd (2) the high specific su rface of lib e ra te d ta lc p la te le ts p e r unit of w eight fix es the m axim um grinding d ensity of Che s lu r r y at about 45 p e r cen t so lid s. If "the s lu r r y d en sity i s in c re a se d a few p e r cen t beyond this p o in t, i t becom es a sticky p a s te , which is an im p racticab le condition ot grinding. B ecause of the unusual grinding c h a ra c te ristic s of ta lc , specifically the Italian type, i t becam e n e c e ssa ry to determ ine what conditions would bs required to grind efficiently and what v ariab les have the m ost influence on the d esired resu lts. A p rogram for grinding experim ents was established to investigate the influence of certain v ariab les on (he efficiency in producing minus 200-mesh talc. The variables investigated were: (1) E ffect of w eight of talc ch arg ed to pebble m ill in w et and dry grinding ' (2) E ffect of g rin d in g -m ed ia weight (3) E ffe c t o f grinding tim e (4) E ffec t of pulp d ensity (5) E ffect of pebble sis e . The pebble m ill used for these experim ents is m ads of porcelain with inside dim ensions of 7 - 1 /2-inch diam eter and 7 -1 /4 inches long. It was rotated at 70 rpm . BATTEL.LE Protected Oocument-Subjoct to Protective order MEMORIAL INSTITUTE I JNJAZ5S_00000080B O E ffect of W eight of T alc C harged to P ebble M ill in Wet and D ry Grinding F ig u re 1 shows Che effect of fee w eight of ta lc charged to the pebble m ill on the p e r cent of ta lc red u ced to m inus ZOO m esh. T h ere a r e two p ro m in en t c h a ra c te ris tic s evident fro m the d ata p lo tted in F ig u re 1. * i ' (1) Wet grinding is m o re effective than d ry grinding in reducing the p a rtic le siz e of talc to fin er than 200 m esh . (2) The p erce n tag e of talc red u ced to 200 m e sh and fin e r d e c re a s e s . at a constant rate with an in crease in the amount of talc charged to fee pebble m ilL The data show th a t, w ife a charge of 120 g ra m s of ta lc , w hich is about 24 p e r cent of the nom inal m ill capacity, about 91 p e r cent of the charge w as red u ced to 200 m e sh in>a grinding tim e of 60 m in u tes. If, how ever, the charge is in c re a s e d to 240 g ra m s , o r about 48 p e r c e n t of cap acity , fee am ount of ta lc feat is red u ce d .to 200 m esh is about 73 p e r cent. F in a lly , if fee talc ch arg e is in c re a s e d to 500. g ra m s , a 60-m in u te g rin d w ill reduce 35 p e r cen t of the charge to 200 m esh. D ry-grinding .ch aracteristics a re sim ilar to w et-grinding c h ara cter is tic s wife re s p e c t to ra te of change in grinding wife in c re a se d loading. H ow ever, when a 120-gram charge of talc was wet ground for 60 m inutes, about 91 p e r ce n t'o f fee s lu r r y w as fin er than 200 m esh . A fter d ry grinding fee sam e weight of ch arg e, only about 71 p er cent of fee resulting powder w as finer than 200 m esh. The data plotted in F ig u re 1 do not im m ediately re v e a l a ll of fee facts. A ctually, fee amount of minus 200-m esh m aterial produced reach ed a peak when a charge of 400 g ra m s w as w et ground or d ry ground. The following tabulation of grinding data illu stra te s th is point. W eight of - 10 M esh Talc C harge, gram s ' Wgt Sn 120 120 240 240 400 400 500 500 P er Cent of Charge Ground Finer Than 200 M esh Wet D ry 90.6 73.0 < 52.7 39.0 70.5 59.0 42.0 32.0 T otal Weight of Charge Ground F iner Than 200 M esh, g ram s Wet -P ar. 108. 7 175. 2 210. 8 195.0 84.6 141. 6 168.0 160. 0 s a t .t ' e L l e M e m o r ..i a u in st it u t e Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective order JNJA2S8JDOOO0OM7 > - -t PI r r m s n X o a > r in ' -I -I c >1 PI r 120 240 400 500 Milt Loading , gram s A -3 411 9 FIGURE 1. THE E F F E C T OF THE WEIGHT O F TA LC CHARGED TO THE P E B B L E M IL L ON TH E P E R CENT OF TALC REDUCED TO MINUS 200 MESH (a) P e b b le -m ill capacity co n sid ered to be 500 g ra m s . d E ffect of Grinding-M edia Weight F igure 2 show the effect of the weight o r volum e of grinding m edia on the p e r cent of talc reduced to m inus 200 m esh. The curve shows that, a s the w eight of grinding m ed ia w as in c re a s e d fro m 2. 5 k ilo g ra m s , o r about 31 p e r cen t of the m ill volum e, to 5 .0 k ilo g ra m s , o r about 62. 5 p e r cen t of the m ill volum e, the am ount of talc th a t w as red u ce d to 200 m esh w as in c re a se d fro m 70 p e r cent to about 95 p e r cent. The in c re a se d ra te of grinding is pronounced as the am ount of grinding m ed ia is in c re ased up to 50 p e r cent of the m ill volum e. Increasing the grinding m edia in excess of 50 p er cent of the m ill volume resu lted in sm all in c re a se s in producing additional am ounts .of m inus 200-m e eh talc. F u rth e rm o re , it is not p o ssib le to have m ore than 50 p e r cent of the m ill volume occupied by grinding m edia in a continuous operation. Effect of Grinding Time The next s e rie s of experim ents w ere m ads to determ ine' the effect of grinding tim e on the am ount of talc reduced to 200 m esh. T hese experim ents w ere made by w et and dry grinding 120-gram charges of minus 10-m esh ta lc ov er a Tange of 15 to 90 m inutes. The data obtained from these experim ents are plotted in Figure 3 and show th a t, a s (he w et-g rin d in g tim e is in c re a s e d fro m 15 to 60 m in u tes, toe am ount of talc red u ce d to 200 m esh is in c re a s e d fro m 50 to 90 p e r cent. G rinding in excese of 60 m inutes resu lted in bnly m inor in c re a se s in toe amount of minus 200-m esh talc produced and appears im practical. Figure 3 also shows (hat w et grinding is m o rs effective than dry grinding. Although the w et- and dry-grinding cu rv es tend to p a ra lle l each o th e r, w et grinding pro d u ced fro m 15 to 30 p e r cent m o re 200-m esh m a te r ia l fo r any given grinding period. E f f e c t-of Palp D ensity Previous experim ents established that, when a la rg e percentage of toe ta lc i t ground fin e r than 200 m e s h , pulp d e n sitie s n e a r o r in e x c e ss of 45 p e r cent solids resu lted in a p asty , nonfluid m ass. E xperim ents w ere made on grinding 120 g ra m s of m inus 1 0-m esh talc ch a rg e s a t 30, 35, 40, and 45 p er cent solids. The resulting dabs are plotted in F igure 4 and show a gradual increase in grinding efficiency as toe p er cent solids of toe slu rry is in c re a se d fro m 30 to 45 p e r c e n t A t 30 p e r cent so lid s , about 72.p e r cent of the talc wae ground through 200 m e sh , and a t 45 p er cent solids the ground p ro d u c t w as ab o u t 91 p a r cen t m inus 200 m esh. ATTtLLl MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected D ocum ent-Subject to Protective order I 1 JNJAZSS_0000008M ao 8 9 2 I > H H m r r m x n 2 O > r z H H C H 1*1 0 0 3000 4000 5000 Weight of Grinding Medio , grams A-M120 FIGURE 2, THE E F F E C T OF THE WEIGHT OR VOLUME O F GRINDING MEDIA ON THE P E R CENT OF TALC REDUCED TO MINUS 200 MESH ' FIGURE 3. THE E F F E C T OF GRINDING TIME ON THE P E R CENT OF TALC REDUCED TO MINUS 200 MESH 11 Minus 2 0 0 " Mesh le ie Produced ,p er cent 60 50 - Pebble Mill; 7-j-in. diam x 7 ^ -In, long Grinding - Media Sixe: in. diam, porcelain 40 Grinding-Media Weight: 4.0 Mlogroms 30 Feed: I20 g of minus IO-mesh Italian ROM ale Grinding Time: 60 minutes 20 >0 30 35 40 45 Pulp Density, Solids, par cent A-B4I22 FIGURE 4. THE E F F E C T OF THE P U L P DENSITY DURING GRINDING ON THE P E R CENT OF TALC REDUCED TO MINUS 200 MESH S.ATTELLS MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Pioteeted Document-uttfeet to Protective Order JNJAZSSJD0000M12 12 E ffect of Pebble Size This p a rt of the investigation w as lim ited to pebble sizes of 0 .75-inch d ia m e te r j 1. 5 -in ch d ia m e te r, and a m ix tu re of the two. E x p erim en ts w ere m ad e using 120 g ra m s of m inus 10-m esh talc ch arg e s a d ju sted w ith w ater to 45 p e r cen t solids and ground for 60 m inutes. The following tabulation gives the data obtained from this work: Size of P ebbles, inches 0.75 0 .7 5 and 1. 50(*) 1. 50 Weight of P eb b les, kilogram s 4.0 4.0 4.0 () About SOper cent of each ilee. Minus 200-M esh Talc Produced, weight 90.6 88. 5 86.8 These data show that sm all-diam eter pebbles w ill grind m ore talc through 200 m e sh than la rg e -d ia m e te r peb b les in a given length of tim e. F o u r k ilo g ram s of 0. 7 5 -inch pebbles red u ced 9 0 .6 p e r cen t of the 120g ra m talc ch arg e through 200 m esh. The sam e w eight of 1. 5 -in ch pebbles reduced 86. 8 p e r cent of the charge through 200 m esh. Effect of Grinding Time on Production of Minus 10-Micron Particles In the foregoing discussion about the various factors involved in g rinding, no effo rt w as m ade to determ ine the am ount of m inus 10-m icron talc produced. This was partly because optimum grinding conditions were not known and also because i t was planned to combine the m o st effective grinding conditions and run a se rie s of experim ents, using time as the only v ariab le, and obtain m ore com plete size-d istrib u tio n data. The following grinding conditions w ere selected as desirable: Weight of Pebble Charge Size of Pebbles W eight of T alc to Be Ground Solids Content of Slurry 4. 0 k ilo g ram s 0. 75 inch 120 g ram s 40 p e r cent The essen tials of the experim ental procedure consisted of grinding a charge fo r 15, 50, 45, and 60 m inutes. At the end of each tim e period, the entire charge was rem oved from the pebble m ill and w ashed off die pebbles. The ground slu rry was screened on a 200-m esh Tyler sieve and the m inus 200-m e sh p o rtion was treated by sedim entation to rem ove the m inus 10-m icron p a rtic le s. (Minus 1.0-micron sedim entation tim e was based on the rate of settling of 10-m icron qu artz p a rtic le s.) The three sized p ro d u c ts , p lu s 200 m e s h , m inus 200 m e sh p lu s 10 m ic ro n s , and m inus 10 m icro n s, w ere d ried and weighed. The resulting data a re plotted in BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZS8_OOOOM13 13 \ F ig u re 5. The th ree cu rv es shown in the Lgure p e rm it d eterm in atio n of the amount of a n / of the three size ranges p re s e n t in the ground talc at any given time. It is in te re s tin g to note th a t, a fte r a: 60-m inute g rin d , only about 11 p e r cent of the talc w as c o a rse r than 200 m e sh , 42 p er cent was in the d e s ire d siz e ran g e of m inus 200 m e sh p lu s 10 m ic ro n s , and about 44 p e r cen t w as fin e r than 10 m icro n s. One of the grinding o b jectives w as to p ro duce le s s than about 27 p e r cent of m inus 10-m icro n p a r tic le s an d , since a 60-m in u te g rin d p roduced 44 p e i c e n t, the tim e of grinding -was m uch too long. If some s h o rte r tim e of g rin d is se le c te d , say 15 m inutes o r 11 m inutes, the d esired resu lts are alm ost obtained. T able.1 shows the weight d istrib u tio n s of the ground pro d u ctii'iit the end of 15 m in u tes and of 11 m inutes. r:i' TABLE 1. DISTRIBUTION OE-SIZES A FTER 15- AND 11-MINUTE WET-GRINDING PERIODS .OF ROM ITALIAN TALC ,* * * Sized P roduct -I- 200 m esh - 200 m esh + 10 m icro n -10 m icron Total ! D istrib u tio n Weight P e r Cent After Removal of Weight P e r Cent of Plus 200-Mesh Total Product Fraction 15 Min .11 M in 15 M in 11 Min 48 58 0.0 0. 0 36 30 ' 69/2 71. 5 16. 12 30. 8 28.5 100 io.o 100.0 100.0 The d ata given in T ab le 1 show that 11 m inutes should give about the sam e g rin d a s tha^-found in Ita lia n No. 2 tele. T hat i s to s a y , a fte r rem oval of the plus 200 m esh (which in norm al operation would be retu rn ed to the pebble m ill for further grinding), the minus 200-m esh talc contained 28. 5 p e r cent of m inus 10-m ic ro n p a r tic le s , com pared w ith about 27 p e r cen t in Ita lia n No. 1. A s till s h o rte r tim e of g rin d a p p e a rs n e c e s s a r y , and calculations for a 6 -minute grind show that the minus 200-m esh talc would contain about 25 p e r cen t of m inus 10-m icro n p a rtic le s . As the tim e of grin d is d e c re a se d , the am ount of plus 200-m esh talc to be reground is in c re ased an d , in a continuous operation., would in c re a se the circu latin g load. It is-com m on c o m m e rc ia l p ra c tic e to u se la rg e circulating loads to m inim ize overgrinding. `B A T f E L L E MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order 14 .<. t 0 5 10 IS 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Grinding Time,-minutes a-34123 FIGURE 5. THE EFFECT OF GRINDING TIME ON THE PER CENT OF MINUS 200-MESH PLUS 10-MICRON AND MINUS 10-MICRON TALC PRODUCED . BATTEi.UK ,MEM. O R I A L INSTITUTE Protected Docum ent-Subjectto Protective Order JNJAZS6_OOQOOQS16 15 The data given in Table 1 and Figure 5 m u it be used as a guide only, but should be useful for making reasonable estim ates for grinding perform ance and trends. Grinding studies w ere carried a step further at a later date (after a number of flotation tests had been made) but are discussed here for , conformity. Simulated C losed-C ircuit Grinding Investigations were made on w et grinding that sim ulated continuous clo sed -circu it grinding, although actually consisting of batch grinds of s h o rt duration. A circulating load consisting of the unground plus 200 m esh w as re tu rn e d to the m ill fo r fu r th e r g rin d in g , a s is com m on in continuousgrinding practice.' The e s s e n tia l p a r ts of the p ro c e d u re w ere to add a given w eight of charge to the pebble m ill, grind for a specified tim e, and screen the ground p ro d u ct on a 200-m esh sieve. The plus 200-m esh portion w as retu rn ed to the m ill'a s a circulating load and a new amount of minus 10-m esh feed, equiv alen t in w eight to Che m inus 200 m esh p ro d u ced , w as-added to the pebble m ill. T his was repeated several tim es, until the m ill charge came to equilibrium o r , in other w o rd s, until the am ount of m inus 200 m esh produced from each grind was about the sam e weight a s in the preceding grind. The foregoing p ro ced u re w as followed fo r grinding p e rio d s of 15 minutes on a 120-gram talc charge and H minutes on a 240-gram charge. The g ro u n d p ro d u cts w ere s e p a ra te d a t 200 m e sh and 10 m icro n s in the usual m anner, by screening and sedim entation. The results obtained are given in T able 2. T able 2 shows two se p a ra te s e ts of grinding conditions and the . resulting distribution of sizes in the ground products. A fter a 120-gram ch arg e w as ground fo r 15 m in u te s , the resu ltin g s lu r r y contained 18 p e r cen t of the w eight in p a rtic le s fin e r than 10 m ic ro n s. Only 29. 9 p e r cent of the talc w as in the d e s ire d p a r tic le - s iz e range of m inus 200 m e sh plus 10 m ic ro n s. A bout 52 p e r cexit of the ground p ro d u ct w as re tu rn e d to the pebble m ill as a circulating load. A fter the plus 200-m esh portion was screened o u t, the m inus 200-m esh slu rry contained 37. 5 p er cent of the w eight fin e r than 10 m icro n s. T his w as co n sid ered a s o v erg rin d in g , because one of the objectives was to grind in a m anner that would re su lt in le s s than 27 p e r cent of the w eight fin e r than 10 m icro n s.- In o rd e r to overcom e the excessive overgrinding, an experim ent was made that would increase the circulating load substantially. The amount of talc in itia lly charged to the m ill w as in c re a se d to 240 g ram s and the grinding tim e w as sh o rten ed to 11 m inutes. The size d istrib u tio n of the ground p ro d u ct for the 11-m inute grinding perio d shows that 8. 0 p er cent of . BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Docum ent-subject to Protective order JNJAZSSJMOOMBtt 17 the w eight w as fin e r than 10 m icro n s. At f i r s t g lan ce, i t m ig h t appear th at the objective had been accom plished. H owever, afte r rem oval of the plus 200-meBh portion of (he ground product* the m inus 200-m esh m a te ria l contained 35 p e r cent of the w eight fin e r than 10 m icro n s. So i t is noted that* although the circu latin g load w as in c re a s e d fro m 108. 7 p e r cen t for the 15-m inute g rin d to 336. 3 p e r cent fo r the 11-m inute g rin d , and w ith a doubled charge, the net re su lt is a reduction of minus 10-m icron talc from 37. 5 p e r .cent to 35 p e r cent, The reaso n for such a slig h t change in the amount of 10-m icron m aterial produced is not fully understood, hi order to a r r iv e a t the objective of producing le s s than 27 p e r cen t of m inus 10m icron talc in the minus 200-me ah product, m ore variables would have to be investigated, such as sh o rter grinding tim e, larg er or mixed diam eter pebbles, coaTser size talc as psbble-m ill feed, and perhaps increased dilution. It w as felt that grinding c h a ra c te ristic s on a continuous b a s is , with c o a rse r o re feed, larg er diam eter pebbles, and continuous classification, would all favor reaching the size**distribution objective; th e re fo re, the laboratory grinding prograti} was term inated. A nother objective of pebble m illing w as to obtain a p ro d u ct w ith a noticeably higher lu ste r than that exhibited by the Italian No. 2 talc, which had been dry ground in a Raymond,- type ro lle r m ill. The f ir s t w et grinding experim ent in the pebble m ill was successful in this respect. In fact, all w et-grinding experim ents gave ground products having a relatively high luster. The next step in the investigation involved the separation of the m inus 10-m icron talc from the m inus 200-m esh ground product, Hydraulic Classification of Pebble-Mill Product P a rtic le -s iz e classification of the peb b le-m ill product fo r rem oval of'm in u s 1 0 -m icro n p a rtic le s w as n e c e s s a ry in o rd e r to p re p a re a sa tisfa c to ry flotation feed and at the sam e tim e to rem ove p o ten tial d u stforming m inerals. The ground o re from the pebble m ill was screened on a 200-m esh T yler sieve for rem oval of objectionable oversize talc. The m inus 200m esh portion w as adjusted with w ater to 5 p e r cent solids by weight and cycloned in a 30-m m -diam eter glass cyclone. A com plete description of the cyclone p ro c e ss and of various ex p erim en ts on the c la ssific a tio n of Italian No. 2 talc h a s been re p o rte d * to Johnson and Johnson. In that re p o rt, a cycloning procedure was described Brown, W. E., "Th Ptiytlcal Concentratoli of T ile Or - Flotation of Italian No. 2. Talc", Bauelle Progress Report to Johnson and'Johnson (July 3 , IM S). B A T T EL LE MEMORIAL I H I T | T UT E Protected Doeum snt-Subjset to Protective Order JNJAZB5JJ0000081 18 and was considered an acceptable method for rem oval of objec&ohable fine p a rtic le s. T here was no reaso n to believe that a change in classificatio n procedure was necessary. If the classification of the ROM ground talc w ere satisfac to ry , using the sam e p rocedure, it would aid in establishing th a t the c la ssific a tio n p a r t of. the b eneficiation p ro c e s s w as applicable to both the Ita lia n No. 2 and ROM ta lcs. The pebble-m ill wet-ground products, as reported in Table 3, w ere s c re e n e d on 200 m esh and the m inus 200-m esh portions w ere hydraulically cycloned for elim ination of as much of the minus 10-m icron p article s as w as practicable in one stage of classification. In discussing the rem oval of minus 10-m icron p a rtic le s, it is n ece ssary to qualify the purpose and the re su lts. A preponderance of m inus 10-m ic ro n p a rtic le s in a flotation ffced c re a te s a volum inous fro th th a t not only is difficult to b re a k down, but also tra p s the u n d esirab le m inerals. Removal of minus 10-m icron particles is further desirable because of their dusting potential. H ow ever, it is not n ecessary to rem ove a ll of the m inus 10-m icron p a rtic le s to obtain a sa tisfa c to ry fro th , nor is it n e c e s s a ry to rem o v e a ll of such p a rtic le s to elim in ate e x c e ssiv e dusting. P erh ap s total dusting tendency never can be elim inated, because p articles la rg e r than 10 m ic ro n s w ill be a irb o rn e o ccasionally. A com prom ise w as accep ted when a p ro d u ct w as obtained th at would contain about 10 to 12 p e r cent of m inus 10-m icron particles. F inally, it would be econom ically im p ra c tic a l to achieve absolute 10-m icro n -p article reje ctio n , and it m ay even be m echanically im possible. T herefore,, in discussions of this n a tu re , "rem oval of m inus 10m icron p a rtic le s" , the meaning is that the product is treated in a m anner font r e s u lts in som ething le s s than about 10 to 12 p e r cent of the w eight fin e r than 10 m ic ro n s. The cyclone classification of the ground products was tried with a feed p r e s s u r e of 14. 7 p s i applied to the 15-m in u te-g ro u n d p ro d u ct and 14. 7 and 23.0 p si applied to the 11-m inute-ground product. The re su lts of classificatio n of these ex p erim en ts a rs given in Table 3. Table 3 shows that,'w hen a 15-minute pebble-m illed product was cycloned a t 14. 7 -p s i in le t p r e s s u r e , an e x ce ssiv e am ount, 48. 5 p e r c e n t, of the feed weight w as rejected in the cyclone overflow. Sedim entation analysis showed that 42 p er cent of the weight of the overflow product was of p a r tic le s la r g e r than 10 m icro n s. T h e re fo re , 32. 6 p e r cent of a ll the plus 10-m icron talc in the cyclone feed was lo st or rejected in the cyclone overflow . When the p ro d u ct of an 11-m inute g rin d w as cycloned a t 14. 7 -p si in le t p r e s s u r e , the am ount of cyclone overflow dropped to 36. 7 p e r cent and contained 31. 9 p er cent by weight of plus 10-m icron m aterial. B A T T E L LC MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Oocum ent-5 ubjeetto Protective order JNJAZBS_00MM81 Document-*ubjact(dPratectiveOrder TABLE 3. DISTRIBUTION OF WEIGHT AND PARTICLE SIZE O F HYDRAULICALLY CLASSIFIED (CYCLONED) MINUS 200-M ESH PE B B L E -M IL L E D PRODUCTS Operating Conditions: Cyclone D iam eter, nun. 30 a Feed Inlet D iam eter, m m 6 > Overflow V ortex D iam eter , mm 11 H Underflow A pex D ia m e te r, mm 5.5 H Feed Solids C ontent, p e r cent 5 PI F eed Volume R a te , gpm At 14.7 psi 2.7 PI A t 23. 0 psi 3.3 : W eight P e r D istribution pi Cent in P e r Cent in z G rinding Cyclone W eight P ro d u c t. Product o T im e , m in P r o d u c t P e r C ent -10jU +10jU -10*i ' +10*i R em arks 20 15 Feed 100.0 37.5 62.5 100. 0 100. 0 F eed p re s s u re 14. 7 psi > O verflow 40.5 58.0 42.0 75. 0 32.6 r Underflow 51. 5 18.2 81. 8 25. 0 6 7 .4 T o tal 100.0 37.5 62. 5 100. 0 100.0 z_ 11 Feed 100.0 35.0 65.0 100. 0 100.0 F eed p re s s u re 14. 7 p si O verflow 36.7 68. 1 31. 9 7 1 .4 18.0 Underflow 63. 3 15.8 84. 2 28. 6 82.0 -i T o tal 100.0 3 5 .0 65. 0 100. 0 100. 0 c H PI 11 Feed 100. 0 36. 2 6 3 .8 ' TOO. 0 100. 0 F e e d p r e s s u r e 23. 0 p s i O verflow 36. 7 75.1 24.9 76. 2 14. 3 Underflow 63. 3 13.6 86. 4 23. 8 85. 7 Total 100.0 36. 2 63. 8 100. 0 100. 0 * JNJAZS5_< 20 T h erefo re* the am ount of plus 10-micron, p a rtic le s lo s t to the overflow ia red u ced fro m 32. 6 p e r cent in the 15-m inute g rin d to 18 p e r cent in the 11-minute grind. F urther reduction in loss of pins 10-m icron particles was achieved by in c re a sin g the cyclone feed p r e s s u r e to 23 p s i; a t th is p r e s s u r e , 14. 3 p e r cent'by weight of the plus 10-m icron p a rtic le s was lost. Although the foregoing discussion p erta in s to recovery o r distribution of the plu s 10-m icron p a rtic le s, i t is equally im p o rtan t to know how effective was the rejectio n of the potential dust, or minus 10-m icron p articles. Table 3 'shows that the highest rejectio n of m inus 10-m icron p a rtic le s to the cyclone overflow waa obtained fro m the cy d o n in g of an 11-m inute pebble-m ill-ground product at 23-psi cyclone feed p ressu re. The cyclone overflow contained 76. 2 p er cent of all the m inus 10-m icron particles contained in the cyclone feed. Although 23. 8 p e r cent of a ll' the m inus 10-m icron p a rtic le s w ere in the cyclone underflow , this w as offset by the high re c o v e ry o f Che p lu s 1 0 -m icro n p a rtic le s . As a r e s u lt, the cyclone underflow rep resen tin g 63, 3 p e r cent of the feed w eight contained only 13. 6 per- cen t o f m inus 1 0 -m icro n p a rtic le s . The sum m ary of this work is: (1) C la ssificatio n fo r 10-m ic ro n -p a rtic le sep aratio n w as m ore effective on the s h o rte r g rin d , th a t i s , 11 m inutes. (2) C la ssificatio n fo r 1 0 -m ic ro n -p a rtic le sep aratio n w as m ore efficien t when the feed p r e s s u r e was in c re a s e d fro m 14. 7 to 23.0 p s i. This, is tru e fox both the b eet re co v e ry of p lus 10-m icron p a rtic le s and highest rejectio n of the m inus 10m icron particles. Although th e data indicate th a t cyclone feed p re s s u re s in excess of 23 p s i m ight re s u lt in s till higher efficiencies of sp aratio n , it is probable that with higher p ressu res the weight per cent of the overflow product may _ increase. s - A nother p o in t w orthy of m ention i s th at 14. 3 p e r cen t of the o rig in al plus 10-m icron p a rtic le s a re lo st to the cyclone overflow. If this cyclone overflow w ere to be treated in a second stage of cyclones, some of the plus 10-m icron fraction would be recoverable. The am ount recoverable, without including an undesirable amount of m inus 10-m icron-particle w eight, p ro b ab ly would n o t exceed 85. 7 p e r cen t o f 14. 3 p e r cen t, o r 12. 3 p er cent. It certainly should not be le ss than 6 per cent. Assuming that 60 p e r cent of the flotation-feed weight is reco v e re d , the potential o v e r-a ll in crease is from about 4 to 7 p er cent of the original weight of the talc. B A T T L -L ..E MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Document--Subjectto Protective Order JNJAZH_OOOOOOS21 1 Flotation M icroscope exam ination of the ROM-head sam ple revealed that the ore was m ineralogically the sam e as Italian No. 2 talc. B ecause of th s im ila rity of the two sa m p le s, it w as believed th a t the beneficiation p ro c e d u re s of cla ssific a tio n at about 10 m icro n s followed by flotation of the plus 10-m icron product (cyclone underflow) would be effective when the sam e flotation conditions w ere applied. G enerally, the flotation conditioni that had given good re su lts with Italian No. 2 talc w ere pulp d e n sitie s in the ran g e of 5 to 10 p e r cent s o lid s , and h y d ro ch lo ric acid and JDowfroth 200 o r 250 as reag e n ts. H ydrochloric acid was used both to n eu tralise the slu rry and as an aid in the d e p re ssio n of fin e -s is e p a r tic le s . JDowfroth 200 o r 250 w as selec ted as the talc fro th e r-c o lle c to r because it is totally w ater soluble, req u ire s a minimum of conditioning tim e, and has no collecting properties for other than the natural-floating-type m in erals. Some of die advantages of the Dowfroths a re that they do not leave any resid u al odor or discoloration on dried m ineral p ro d u cts, nor do they chem ically attack m etal or rubber to any significant degree. Experiment w ere made on the talc wet-ground through 100 mesh and web* and d ry -g ro u n d through 200 m esh . The ground p ro d u cts w ere cycloned, and the cyclone underflow constituted the flotation feed. Flotation of W et-Ground Minus 100-Mesh ROM Talc The f ir s t flotation experim ent on ROM talc was made on a sam ple that had been w et ground through 100 m e sh and cyclone cla ssifie d fo r rem o v a l of fine a. The 100-m esh grind, as a possible maximum size lim it, was made for the following reasons:. (1) C o a rse p la te le ts p ro b ab ly would exhibit a higher lu s te r than fine platelets. (2) A 100-m esh g rin d i s su b stan tially le s s expensive than a fin er grind. (3) A 1 00-m esh g rin d p ro d u ces le s s fines to be re je c te d than a finer g rin d , and consequently the o v er-all yield or recovery would be g reater. (4) I t was de s ir dale to know w hether the fro th p ro d u ct from a 100-m esh grind would'be g ritty , even though platy in structure, battelle MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZS5_OOOOW22 Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order TABLE 4. FLOTATION RESULTS OBTAINED FR O M ROM TALC W ET-GRO U ND THROUGH 100 MESH > ' ' \ -4 P! R eagents Added, r , ' lb/ton-,of flotation Feed, r f*i W eight M ineral Count, p e r cent - .-feed per cent P ro d u c t P e r C e n t P la ty N onplaty D olom ite T re m o li tie HC1 D ow froth 200 so lid s 2 m s: o Float-1 : $6. 1 96 n. F loat- 2 22. 9 95 Underflow 11.0 55 r , Total 100.0 91 * T e s t 88 3 . <1 <1 4 <1 <1 26 16 3 6 2-3 1-2 1. 42 0 1. 42 0. 05 0. 21 0. 26 ' 9. 3 '--- T e s t 89 F loat-1 60. 2 97 2 <1 -4 F loat-2 20.5 Not evaluated H Underflow 19.3 Not evaluated CH Total 100. 0 <1 0. 0 0. 0 __ 0 .0 0. 05 0. 21 -0. 26 Mote: Flotation feed was cyclone underflow, which represented 83 .0 p er cen t o f the w eight o f th e o rig in al ground sam ple. 10. 0 -- -- JNJAZ5S. 23 T e sts 88 and 89 w ere d u p lic a te s, pjccept that h y d ro ch lo ric acid w as. used in T e st 88 and no acid w as used in T e s t 89. Table 4 show s the experim ental conditions and the resu lts. The resu lts given in Table 4 are not particu larly encouraging, because neither experim ent yielded a F lo a t-1 product containing m ore th a n 97 p e r cent platy talc. The F lo a t - 1 p ro d u ct of T e s t 88 contained 96 p e r cen t p la ty talc and F lo a t- 1 of T e s t 89 contained 97 p e r cen t p la ty talc. The d ifferen ce betw een 96 and 97 p e r cent is n o t co n sid ered sig n ifican t, and the two te s ts can be considered to yield the sam e quality of F lo a t - 1 product. H ow ever, there was a m arked difference in the amount of weight recovered in the F lo a t- 1 p ro d u cts. In T e s t 88, 1. 42 pounds of HC1 p e r to n w ere u sed , and the F lo a t-1 product rep resen ted 66. 1 p er cent of the flotation feed weight. When no acid was used, as in T est 89, &e weight p e r cent of F lo a t - 1 w as 60.' 2 p e r cent. P r io r ex p erien ce w ith Italian No. 2 ta lc ` im plied that the rev erse condition would resu lt. That i s , higher reco v eries usually re s u lt when no acid is u sed , although the platy content m ight decrease, slightly. I t would not be safe to call these te sts conclusive as long as this anomaly is not confirm ed. Both F lo a t-1 products had a high lu ste r but felt gritty. The F lo a t-1 product of T est 88 was screened on 150- and 200-m esh Tyler siev es, and the separated fractions w ere examined by m icroscope. The r e s u lts afce given in T able 8. TA B U : 5. PRO PERTIES OF F L O A T -1 PRODUCT FROM MINUS 100-MESH WET-GROUND TALC Sise, Tyler Mesh -100+150 -150+200 -200 Total W eight P er Cent 10. 1 23.1 66.8 100,0 Platy Tale, per cent .99 98-99 ___ 96 Rem arks High lu s te r, g ritty High lu s te r, g ritty High lu s te r, good slip High lu s te r, g ritty Table 5 shows that the p lus 200-m esh p a rtic le s w ere 98 to 99 p e r cent platy ta lc , w hereas the m inus 200-m esh p article s w ere only 95 per cent platy talc. Although the plus 200-m esh talc was of high p u rity , the thickne.se of the p latelets produced a g ritty texture. The m inus 200-m esh portion, though only 98 p e r cent platy ta lc , had both a high lu ste r and a good slip. m . BATTELLE MEMORIAL I N' S T I T U T E Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order -24 ' I t i s p ro b ab le thali he p ie ty c'o n ten to f the F lo a t- 1 p ro d u cts fro m a 100-m esh grind dould'be im p ro v ed ,'b u t, because o f the objectionable gritty nature of the pow der, it was decided to investigate the re su lts obtainable from the conventional 200-m esh grind. ' i i ' i : . . ' F lo tatio n of D ry*G round Midas 200-Mesh ROM Talc E x p erim en ts w ere mfcde on ROM talc th a t had been w et-g ro u n d and d ry -g ro u n d through 200 m e sh 'in a pebble m ill. The ground p ro d u cts w ere cycloned for rem oval of the extrem e fin es, and the cyclone-underflow products w ire floated in the usual m anner. Three experim ents Were made-on dry-ground talc and the resu lts are given in T able 6. * The r e s u lts given*in-Table 61show th a t 97 p e r cent platy ta lc was obtained in the F lo at- 1 p ro d u ct of e a c h 'te st.- Test*' 131 and 132 w ere m ade in an identical m anner and, although the Float-.1 products both contained 97 p e r cen t p la ty ta lc , th e re w as a no ticeab le d ifferen ce in the w eights reco v ered . T e st 131, F lo a t-!, contained 8. 7 p e r cent of the flotation feed w eight, but T est 132, F lo a t-1, contained only 3. 5 p e r cent of the flotation feed weight. There is no obvious explanation for this difference in weight reco v eries. I t is noticed, how ever, that the weight recovered in the F lo a t - 1 com bined w ith the F lo a t- 2 is about the s a m e , 91 to 92 p e r c en t, in each of the three tests. When the F lo a t-1 products w ere exam ined under the m icroscope , it w as found that some of the p latelet su rfaces w ere pitted. The am ount of p itte d p la te le ts rep o rtin g to .the F lo a t- 1 p ro d u ct w as about 2 p e r c e n t, o r 95 p e r cent n o rm al p la tele ts plus 2 p e r cent pitted p la tele ts. T his pitting or pockm arking was not noticed again eith er in the Italian No. 2 talc or in the sub sequent'ROM w et-pebble-m illed flotation products, and apparently is a c h a r a c te r is tic o'f d ry -p eb b le m illing. Flotation^of .Wet-Ground Minus 200-M esh ROM Talc i. Flotation teats w ere made on w et-ground products, after cycloning for rejectio n of fin e s, to investigate the effedt of acid stren g th and fro th er .ty p es on the F lo a t - 1 p ro d u cts. < E ffec t of H CL oA R eco v ery and Q uality. The effect o f HCL on the flotation of Italian-Ncr; 2 talc w as d iscussed briefly in the F ir s t P ro g re ss R eport and in som e d etail in the Second P ro g re s s R eport on "The Physical C oncentration of Talc O res". In the Second P ro g re ss R eport, of July 31, 1959, it was stated in the "Sum m ary" th a t, "H ydrochloric acid added in the I A T T L U ' M-'a-'W o ' R 'A L I N S T I T U T E Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order JNJAZS5J000eM Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order TABLE 6. RESULTS OBTAINED FROM FLOTATION OF DRY-GROUND, WET -CYCLQNED ITALIAN ROM TALC Reagents Added, Ib/ton of W e ig h t _______ M ineral Count, per cent___________ ________ flo tatio n feed ________ Pulp, Product H H PI Pei C ent Platy N onplaty D olom ite T rem olice HCl T est 103(b) Dowfroth 200 Dowfroth 250 PH Per G ent Solids r Float-1 . 6 3 .3 97 <2 <1 4 0. 0 0 .0 7 0 .00 8. e(c) 4 .8 Float-2 2 7 .1 Not evaluated Underflow 9 .0 Not evaluated 0 .0 0 0 .2 8 -- -- 0 .00 -- T otal 2 100.0 0 .0 0 0 .3 5 0 .00 m T est 13l(<0 2 o Float-1 68.7 97 1 0 .8 a F lo a t-2 2 3 .3 Not evaluated > Underflow 8 .0 Not evaluated r T otal 100.0 1 . 1.44 0 .0 0 -- 1 .S 4 0 .00 0 .0 0 -- 0 .0 0 0 .0 6 6 .9 (^ 9 .7 0 .2 3 6 .9 -- 0 .2 9 z a H 1 C - F lo a t-1 Float-2 Underflow T otal 6 3 .5 2 8 .2 8 .3 1 0 0 .0 97 1 Not evaluated Not evaluated 0 .7 - Test 132(d) 1 1 .5 7 0 .0 0 -- 1 .5 7 0 .00 0 .00 -- 0 .00 0 .0 6 7.0) 8 .9 0 .2 5 7 .0 -- 0 .3 1 pi (a) W eight per cent refers to per cent of flo tatio n feed. (b) Flotation feed was treated in a 8 .5 0 -lile t-c a p a c ity (nom inal) Deco flotation celL Tests 131 and 132 w ere made in a 1 .7 5 -liter-cap acity (nom inal) ' Fagergren flotation feed. (c) D istilled w ater was used to form th e ta lc slurry. (d) Tests 131 and 132 were intended to .be d u plicate tests. (e) D eionized w ater was used to form th e ta lc slurry. JNJAZ5S_OOOOOOS26 26 c o r r e c t q u an tity , betw een 1. 13 and 2. 30 pounds p e r ton o f feed s o lid s , w as effective in m aintaining the p u rity of finished talc a t 97 to 98 p e r cent platy p article s. This amount of acid created a pulp pH ranging between 6. 9 and 7. 8 during flo ta tio n .11 I t w as sta te d elsew h ere in the r e p o r t that the addition of HC1 in am ounts up to 2. 30 pounds p e r ton of feed so lid s would ap p ear to be justified only if it w ere effective in inhibiting the inclusion of fine talc and aiding in froth control. T e sts 121, 122, 123, and 124 w ere made to com pare the re su lts obtained when acid w as u sed and when it was om itted. Dowfroth 200 was used as the collector-frother in each test. The resu lts given in Table 7 show th a t, w hen HC1 w as u sed in the am ount of 2. OS to 2. 34 pounds p e r ton o f flo tatio n feed , the F lo a t - 1 p ro d u ct was 99 p e r cen t p la ty talc. The am ount of w eight recovered in Float 1 was higher when acid was used than when it w as o m itted , although the w eight re c o v e re d d e c re a se d when file stre n g th of the acid was in c re a s e d fro m 2.05 to 2. 34 pounds p e r ton. The d ata given in T able 7 a r e npt fully co n siste n t. In T e sts 122 and 124, when no ac id was u se d , the F lo a t - 1 p ro d u cts w ere 97 and 99 p e r cent p la ty ta lc , re sp e c tiv e ly , and a w eight reco v e ry of about 55 p e r cen t of the flotation feed was obtained in each product. If the difference in quality is im p o rta n t, m o re ex p erim en ts would be n e c e s s a ry to e sta b lis h file cause of the difference in platy talc content. In T e s t 121, 63. 8 p e r cen t of the flbtation feed w eight was reco v e re d in F lo a t- 1 and the product was 99 p e r cent p laty talc. The pH during flotation v aried betw een 6. 4 and 6. 6. A size d istrib u tio n , by sedim entstion, showed .that 19. 7 p e r cen t of the F lo a t - 1 p ro d u ct w as fin e r than 10 m ic ro n s. T his could m ean that the flotation feed had been incom pletely classified (the o rig in a l o re being overground) and that the am ount of HC1 added had not been highly effective for additional rejection of fine p articles during flotation. E ffect of Type of F ro th s* on Recovery and Q uality. Two different fro th e r s w ere in v e stig ated to d eterm in e the effect on the re c o v e ry and quality of the F lo a t- 1 pro d u cts. T hese fro th e rs w ere Dowfroth 200 and D owfroth 250. B oth of th ese fro th e rs a r e 100 p e r cent w a te r so lu b le, although D ow froth 250 is c la ss e d as the s tro n g e r of the two. The manu fa c tu re r, Dow Chem ical Company, Midland, M ichigan, claim s that less D ow froth 250 is needed to acco m p lish file sam e effect as a la rg e r am ount of Dowfroth 200. The re s u lts of experim ents that illu stra te the influence.of the type of fro th e r on flo tatio n r e s u lts a r e given in Table 8. D ata given in Table 8 show that, under c ertain operating conditions, D owfroth-250 w as a stro n g er fro th e r-c o lle c to r than Dowfroth 200. BATTELLE. MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Protected Docum ent-Subjectto Protective Order JNJAZ66JSOOOOOK7 Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order TA BLE 7. E F F E C T OF HCL ON FLO T A T IO N RESULTS Reagents Added, Product W eight*^ P e r Cent M ineral Count, p er cent Nonplaty Dolomite T rem oli te lb /to n of flotation feed HC1 D ow froth 200 pH P 1P P e r Cent Solids > T e s t 121 jA-- A F lo a t- l<b> 63. 8 99 pi Float- 2 19. 1 95 r Underflow 17. 1 r Total 100.0 pi <1 2.05 0. 08 6. 4 6. 9 0.00 0. 31 6. 6 -- 2.05 0. 39 z T e s t 122 m F loat-1 55. 6 97 1 1 <1 0.00 0. 08 7. 8 ' 6. 2 z Float- 2 27. 5 0. 00 0. 34 6. 9 0 Underflow 16. 9 -- -- 30 Total 100.0 0.00 0. 42 > r T e st 123 F lo a t- 1(b) 57.5 99 <1 0.4 <1 2, 34 0. 09 6. 7 6. 1 - Float- 2 24. 3 z Underflow 18. 2 (* H Total 100. 0 0.00 -- 2. 34 0. 35 6. 9 0. 44 nf c -t Float- 1 Float- 2 55. 5 99 25.4 Underflow 19. 1 Total 100. 0 T e s t 124 <1 0.5 <1 0. 00 0. 09 8. 1 5.9 0. 00 0. 37 7. 0 -- -- 0.00 0.46 (a) W eight per cen t refers to p er cen t of flotation feed. (b) T he Float-1 products o f Tests 121 and 123 w ere given to W. H. Ashton, of Johnson and Johnson, and w ere considered representative of w hat m ay h e expected from a p ilo t-p leat operatkm . T hese products, although containing an excess m ount of m inus 10-m icron p articles, w ere of in terest principally because of th eir high luster. JN JAZ55_00000082B BAT TELL Protected Document-Subject to Protective Order TABLE 8. E F F E C T OF TYPE OF FROTHER ON FLOTATION RESULTS P roduct T est 1Z1 Float- 1 T e s t 1'25 F lo a t-1 PI T est 122 Float- 1 2 m T est 126 s' 0 Float- 1 T e st 157 Float- 1 Weight! *1 P e r Cent M ineral Count, p er cent Platy Nonplaty Dolomite T rem olite Reagents Added, lb 7ton of flo tatio n feed HC1 Dow 200 Dow 250 Pulp P er Cent PH Solids 63. 8 99 <1 <1 <1- l . 05 0. 08 0. 00 6 .4 6 .9 64.-1 98 <1 0. 3 1 2. 06 0. 00 0. 08 6. 5 6 .9 55. 6 97 1 1 <1 0. 00 0. 08 0. 00 7. 8 6. 2 66. 0 96 1 0. 3 2 0. 0 0. 00 0, 08 7 .7 6. 8 51. 8 97 2 0.3 <1 2. 45 0. 11 0. 00 5 .8 5. 3 RI AL T est 158 z Float- 1 56. 3 97 2 IP H T ests 147-148 H Float- 1 62. 1 97 2 H T est 142 PI Float- 1 55. 9 96 <3 (a ) W eight per cent refers to per cen t of flotation feed. 0. 3 <1 0.2 <1 2. 40 0. 00 0. 11 5. 6 5. 4 <1 1.66 0. 00 0. 06 6. 4 7 .9 <1 2. 72 0. 00 0. 09 5 .4 6 .3 JNJAZSS_000000829 29 A co m p ariso n of T e sta 121 and 125 shows th a t, when about 2 pounds of f^Cl and 0. 08 pound of e ith e r fro th e r p e r ton o f flo tatio n .feed w as used (creatin g a pH ,of 6 .4 to 6. 5), the,am ount of w eight re c o v e re d in the F lo a t - 1 product was approxim ately 64 p e r c e n t The quality of the floated products w as e sse n tially the same a t 98 to 99 p e r cent platy talc p a rtic le s. These experim ents-w ere repeated without acid, but the am ount of fro th er added was kept at*0.08 pound p e r ton of flotation feed, and are re p o rte d a s T e sts 122 and 126. When D owfroth 200 w as u s e d , the weight recovered from the flotation feed was 55. 6 p er cent, com pared with 66. 0 p er cent when the stronger Dowfroth 250 was used. The platy content of the flo at p ro d u ct, how ever, was only 96 p e r cent when Dowfroth 250 w as-used, com pared w ith 97 p e r cent when Dowfroth. 200 was used. The weight recovery of 55. 6 p er cent in the F lo a t-1 product of Test 122 appears too'low and probably should not be considered as a firm ` figure without repeating the experim ent. T e sts 142, 157, and 158 w ere m ade with in c re a s e d am ounts of acid and fro th e r. The .amount of fro th e r w as in c re a s e d to obtain h ig h e r re c o v e ry ' and the amount of acid was in creased to re ta rd the flotation of undesirable m inerals. The results show that, when the acid strength was in excess of Z. 40 pounds p e r ton of fe e d , lc h a d a definite tendency to d e c re a s e the weight reco v ered , even though the am ount of fro th er-co llec to r w as in c re a s e d fro m 0 .0 8 to 0. 11 pound p e r ton o f flo tatio n feed. In addition to th is , the in c re a s e d acid s tre n g th w as not effective in im proving the p laty content beyond 97 p e r cent. The conclusions from the experim ents reported in Table 8 are; (1) M axim um g rad e and re c o v e ry a r e effected a d v e rse ly if the flotation-pulp pH is le ss'th an 6. 4, reg ard less of which frother is used. (2) Dowfroth 250 ie a s tro n g e r fro th e r-c o lle c to r fo r p la ty talc than Dowfroth 200. (3) B e tte r q u ality flo a t p ro d u c ts can ha obtained w ith acid than w ithout, providing* the pH does n o t becom e le s s than 6. 4. A ll F lo a t - 1 p ro d u cts fro m ROM ta lc had a high lu s te r; Chat i s , the lu ste r from these products was definitely of a higher order than was ob tained fro m any flo at products from Ita lia n No. 2 talc. i The d eio n ised w ater used in a ll flotation ex p erim en ts fro m T e st 121 through T e s t 158 had a r e s is ta n c e of 105,000 to 150,000-ohm s p e rlc u b lc centim eter. SATTELLE MEMORIAL. .I N S T I T U T E Protected D ocum ent-Subjectto Proteefrre Order JNJAZS5_0QO0MSM - . -30 The am ount of tim e available did not p erm it an extensive, evaluation of the physical p ro p erties of the flotation p ro ducts, and for the m ost p a rt the products w ere rated solely by a m icroscope m in eral count and subjective m easurem ents of luster and feel or slip.. The flotation products obtained com pared favorably.w ith the Italian No. 2 flotation products with 'respect to platy talc and dolom ite content, and therefore i t w as believed that the p ro p e rtie s of lu b ricity and alkalinity (pH of m oistened, beneficiated products) would be essentially the sam e for both the ROM and the Italian No. 2 talcs. Bulk density was spot-checked on various F lo a t-1 products and found to be in the ran g e of 23 t o '25 pounds p e r cubic foot. The amount of minus 10-m icron particles contained in the F lo a t-1 p ro d u c ts w as also sp o t-ch eck ed and found to be betw een 9 and 20 p e r cent. The appearance of any excess am ount of m inus 10-m icron p article s in the F lo a t - 1 p ro d u cts is a ttrib u te d to o v erg rin d in g and incom plete cyclone c la ssific a tio n , ra th e r than, to flotation. . In fa c t, there is evidence that flotation is helpful in the rejection of minus- 10-m icron p articles. The weight recovery expected from a continuous operation can be estim ated reasonably closely by using data available from T e s t 121 (see Table 7). In this te s t, the F lo a t-1 product was 63. 8 p er cent o f the flota tio n feed, w eight and the F lo a t- 2 p ro d u ct contained 19. l.p e r cent of the flotation feed weight. By returning the F lo a t-2 product back to the new fe e d , it would be reasonable to expect that another 63. 8 p e r cent of it would be recovered. T h ere fo re , an estim ated w eight reco v ery from the flotation feed would show 63. 8 + 76 p e r cent. T hese calculations do not include a potential additional recovery that m ay be expected from scavenging the flotation underflow. It would not be unreason able to ex p ect an additional 3 to 5 p e r cen t re c o v e ry b'y the scavenging s te p , followed by returning (he scavenger froth back to the new feed. On this b a s is the to tal p ro je c te d recovery, in a continuous o p eratio n would be 80 p e r cent of the w eight of the flotation feed. The o v e rfa ll recovery-of high-grade talc from the original ore is also rela ted to the efficiency of the pebble m illing and hydraulic cycloning. O re p re p a ra tio n a s follow ed in T e s t 121 shows that 48. 5 p e r cen t of the o rig in al weight w as rejected in the cyclone overflow as approxim ately m inus 10-m icro n p a rtic le s. This am ount, 48. 5 p e r cen t, is fa r too much weight lo ss and should not be considered re a lis tic , because the talc was overground. O re p re p a ra tio n a s followed in T est 151 (see Appendix) showed th at only 31. 7 p e r cent of the w eight was re je c te d as cyclone overflow . This am ount is also believ ed to be g r e a te r th in would be obtained 6 A T -T E L :L 1 M E-M- e w - r A* L t N S.T I T U T E Protected Document-Subject to Protective order JNMZS6JM00MU1 31 fro m a continuous p ilo t m ill o r c o m m e rc ia l c irc u it; 30 p e r cen t is a realistic amount for estim ating purposes. T herefore, the o v e r-a ll estim ated weight recovery would be -- 56 p e r cen t of the w eight of the original ore. Hot a ll of the flotation experim ents on Italian ROM talc a re d iscu ssed in tine text of th is re p o rt. A com plete tabulation of the e x p e rim e n ts, ' Showing the p e rtin e n t d a ta , is p re s e n te d in the Appendix. PROPOSED PILOT-PLANT FLOWSHEET F igures 6 and 7 show the proposed flowsheets based on laboratory experim ents for crushing, grinding, and beneficiation of Italian ROM talc: ' The cru sh in g c irc u it i s to be o p erated in te rm itte n tly , to rep le n ish the storage bin, but the grinding circ u it is a continuous o p eratio n , so that the beneficiation p ro cess w ill have uninterrupted feed. The objective of the flow sheet design shown in F igure 6 is to provide a flexible system for treating a variety of ROM talc o res (not Specifically Italian). This circu it i s expected to handle talc that m ay be re c e iv e d in p ie c e s a s la rg e as 8- o r 10-inch slabs, ham m erm ill in one pass through 1/4 inch, wet grind, and classify a t approxim ately 200 m esh. The minus 20.0-mesh pulp is expected to leave the c irc u it a t 4 to 7 p e r cen t s o lid s , which is an id e al feed to the beneficiation circuit. It is expected that the amount of m inus 10-m icron talc produced can be held to a reasonable m axim um by controlling the circulating load in the grinding c irc u it, grinding pulp density, pebble diam eter, and total weight of charge, and, finally, by dilution of cyclone feed. The flow sheet shown in F igure 7 ie essentially th e sam e as that developed fo r p ro cessin g the Italian No. 2 talc*. L ab o rato ry experim ents showed that the sam e g en era l re s u lts would be obtained fro m e ith e r ROM o r ltalian No. 2 talc. If the grinding circ u it could be o p erated efficiently, a higher yield of beneficiated talc could be expected from the ROM talc than from the Italian No. 2 talc. Brews, W, B., "The Physical Concentrent of T*lc Ore* - Flotation of Italien No. 2 Talc". nTM Progress Report to Johnson and Johnson (July Si. IMS). B A T T. E L L E MEMORIAL' INSTITUTE Protected Document-Sutdeet to Protective enter JN JA ZS8JK W W B832 32 fi* Italian ROM tile a to rjg t >hed T B elt conveyor Pebble m ill (40 - 45 p>g ceat oM4> D ilut io n w ater Dilution w ater m a e t c m 0114) f . Cyclone l, 3-in , diam eter Undwflm. t Oveyew JpUmjSUL} Cyclase 0. -to. diameter iflcx. T Overflew ( 4 - 7 per cje.nt eoli4e) To beneticlatloa circuit A -34128 FIGURE 6. PROPOSED PILOT-PLANT FLOWSHEET CRUSHING AND GRINDING CIRCUIT lA TTEU i Protected Docum ent-Subject to Protective Order MEM OR I A L I N S T I T U T E JNJAZM_00000MM Protected Documant-Subfcct to Protective Order m-- R-aMAilarrr > -I h' .* r T . * s R S o > "r z -i c -i A-34124 FIGURE 7. PROPOSED PILOT-PLANT FLOWSHEET - BENEFIGIATION CIRCUIT JNJAZSSjg 34 : CONCLUSIONS D ata and observations obtained from the grinding cycloning, and flotation experim ents have established that: (1) Ita lia n ROM talc can be b eneficiated by th e com bined processes of crushing, grinding, classifying, and flotation. The finished beneficiated talc w ill have a high lu s te r and w ill be 97 to 99 p a r c e n t p laty talc. The yield expected in a continuous o p eratio n is 80. p er cent of the flotation fe e d , o r 56 p e r cent of the o rig in al o re, (2) W et-p eb b le-m ill grinding is m o re effective in obtaining 200-m esh grinds than dry-pebble-m ill grinding, although less minus 10-m icron talc is produced from dry grinding. {3} W et-p eb b le-m ill grinding yields a p ro d u c t th a t, a fte r cy cloning and floating, shows a m arked im provem ent in , lu ster com pared with the products obtained from the ' beneficiation of Italian No. 2 talc. (4) ROM ta lc m u s t be ground fin e r than 100 m e s h , o r the resulting flotation products will have a gritty texture, (5) The h ig h e st q u ality p ro d u cts w ere obtained when the flotation feed pulp was m aintained at a pH of 6. 4 or higher. (6) W a te r-so lu b le fro th e re , such a s D owfroth 200 o r Dowfroth 250, are good prom oters for the flotation of p la ty talc. T h ere a r e indications th at D ow froth 250 is the stro n g er p ro m o ter of the two, but i t m ay be slightly less selective, {7} The e x p e rim e n ta l r e s u lts show th a t the p r o c e s s e s of classification, flotation,, and filtering as developed for Italian No. 2 talc can be adapted to Italian ROM talc. No change in equipm ent types or sizes should be n ecessary . Table 9 shows the Johnson and Johnson specifications for Italian No. 1 talc and includes a com parison of these specifications with the beneficiated products from the Italian No. 2 and ROM talcs. <* This table shows that the-beneficiated p ro d u cts contain le ss than 0. 75 p e r cent of dolom ite and lab s than 1 to 3 p e r cent of nonplaty m in e ra ls. The bulk d en sity of the b en eficiated ;p ro d u ct w as w ithin the sp ecificatio n of 22 to 27 pounds p e r cubic foot.- ' * "j i h T E U t 1' ` M E `m' cJ I- * L I N S T I T U T E Protected Docum ent-Subjectto Protective order JNJAZS5_OOOOOOSa* K3657 Document-Subject te Protective Order TABLE 9. COMPARISON OF SPECIFICATIONS WITH THE BENEFICIATED PRODUCTS FROM ITALIAN NO. 2 AND ROM TALCS > P h y sic a l-P ro p e rty Control Specification m r Moisture^3) , p e r <0. 15 r cent Italian No. 1, Johnson and Johnson Raw M aterial 0. 05 Italian No. 2, Laboratory Be ne i d a t e d <0. 05 Italian ROM, L a b o ra to ry B en eficiated <0. 05 Solubility in HC1, <6 per cent 2 F ineness, p er cent Not le s s than 98. 5 O through 200 m esh JO > Bulk density, lb/ft^ Not le s s than 22 r nor m ore than 27 2. I- 2. 8 99.8 23.0 <0. 75<b) 99. 5 28-29 0. 3-0. 6<b> 98. 5 23-25 M icroscopic stru c- P la te le t showing no 01 ture, per cent H platy acicular or excessive granular, crystals 88-90 97-99 97-99 -l C pH (Alkalinity) 7. 0-7. 5 9. 0-9. 3 8. 1-8. 8. 8. 3-8. 6 (a) M oisture content -would be significant only from a continuous plant operation, because laboratory products can be dried to any desired m oisture . c o n te n t.' (b) Solubility in HC1 as reported here is expressed as dolom ite content, which was determ ined from COg assay. jnjazss oooooosee K3657 00 1 GO Document-Subject to Protective Order TABLE 9. COMPARISON OF SPECIFICATIONS WITH THE BENEFICIATED PRODUCTS FROM ITALIAN NO. 2 AND ROM TALCS > Physical-Property H ' Control Specification ft p M oisture^, per <0. 15 r cent pi Solubility in HC1, <6 z per cent Italian No. 1, Johnson and Johnson Raw M aterial 0. 05 2. I- 2. 8 Italian No. 2, L a b o ra to ry Beneficiated <0. 05 <0. 75(b) Italian ROM, L ab o ra to ry B en eficiated <0. 05 0. 3-0. 6(b) 2 F in en e ss, per cent Not le s s than. 98. 5 o through 200 m esh 99.8 99. 5 98. 5 > Bulk density, lb/ft-3 Not le s s than 22 r nor m o re than 27 23.0 28-29 23-25 2 M icroscopic struc- P la te le t showing no til ta re , per cent acicular or excessive H platy granular crystals 88-90 97-99 97-99 , -L C pH (Alkalinity) 7. 0 -7 .5 9. 0-9.3 8. 3-8. 6 H (a) Moisture content would be significant only from a continuous plant operation, because laboratory products can be dried to any desired moisture . PI content. (b) Solubility in HC1asrepotted bete is expressed asdolomite content, which was determined fromCO2 assay. JNJAZ55_000000836 K3657 36 FUTURE- WORK Since the completion of the experim ental w ork included in this re p o rt, a new reagent com bination, involving A erosol, has been developed. The developm ent has led to im proved re su lts and w ill be presented in a separate report. An ex p erim en tal p ro g ra m is now in p ro g re s s to e sta b lis h how m uch of the w a te r u sed in beneficiation can be re -u s e d w ithout a d v e rse r e s u lts to the o v e r-a ll p rocess. The o rig in a l notes on file la b o ra to ry w ork d e sc rib e d in .th is re p o rt are in B attelle Laboratory R ecord Books 14668, 15042, 1519P, 15456, and 15662. The w ork w as done in the p e rio d from Ju ly 24, 1958, to A p ril 20, 1959. 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