Document BRGbZ69YGa19YZ4Rb1L128Zoj

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT MET-32S PBOBMBS RgCRT. 00CP1TI7Z g& BgCS3M THB romp amiss kjsuc ivbtick ua> 'fas ugRcpouxiM une heurakci copiey, from July 1. 1938 to Deoenber 1. 1934. General Seone of the gork. (a) Behavior ot dusts introduced Into the pcrltcnesl cavity at farelgs bodies. {b) Bohat1or or dusts in the jK~ritaneal cavity in conjunct ion rith tubercle bacillus infection. (o) Kxperlasntal studies of fusesplrocbostal organises of pulsonary origin. (d) Studios of syutbotie culture asdia for tbs cultivation of tuberelo baoilU* Zbe present study at tbo iatraperitoaeel response to various ousts aas begun at tbo Pittsburgh station of tbo Baited Staton Bureau of bines on ipril B, 1932. Previous sort on tLis problma bad been dons intermittently at this station sinoe 1924* The technique tban in use sua tba introduction of 2 eo of a aterlle ID percent suspeaslodpf 200 assh pertlcleelie dust in physiological saline solo* tlon into tbs psritonoal cavity of guinea pigs* ttTsalnstlon of tbs eaia&le eas ads st tbo sad of Id days for tbs jrssonos of psrltoasal adbsslous. isInals injected with liaestoao oars usod in porallol so controls. Tbs foraation of psrltoasal adhaaiona sms sanaldorod as iadiectlva of tbs baxofulnees of a dust. Per ecaa unknow rsaaon tba awple of liasatons ussd as a dust oentrol did not prsduso uffleiwt perltanoal denude to osaso tbo formation of odboolans, yet -a- furthsr stud7 vltb athtf llasstoaaa, squtlly pur* aa far as ailiaa and ealsliM oarbeuat. oontsat vara eonaarnad eaaaod tha forsation of adhaaioaa is tha aniaala injaatad. Tha oeourranoa of adhaaioaa la a largo Busbar of anlaals injactad with a variety of duata vaa ao inacneUta&t tbst It baaasa apparent tiiat variations la taotmlo oust ba aada to furthar thla study. Duata Uasd la Prsllsluary Study (Partiela alts, laaa than 200 nesh.) (Dost 0.2 gross.) Dlatoalto I4sa8taaa, 5 angles Grsalta lauslta Dolomite Ithodoahroalte dibits Pmikjflllta kltkicBlta Kaollilts Calcita Tripoli Flint(Quartz) aidarita Cyanlte StreetUnit* ikMsrita VlUamta aadalaatta, I saaplas i^hlbila* 2 aaaplaa Vltharita Sarpantina Tha dust naad la thla pertloa vara all darlvad fron pura minaral apaolaMBS. Tha raaulta vara all asgat Ira vitb ragarda to a relation batvaaa tha feautloa of parltcnsal adhaaioaa mA tha ailioa aoctant of tha duata. Tfaraa poaaihla variations la taahaio prasaatsd thaasslvea: - (1) partiela also of iajaotad sstarial, (2) duration of taata, and (3) also of .V ir ir . dosa. Tha first variation attaint ad vaa vlth ragarda to partiela sins. Thraa oupa of aarsonad duata vara uaad; (1) that vhieh paaaad through a 200 nosh alava and vaa aallaatad on a SO mash slave; (t) that v&lahpaaaad through a 200 aaah alava and vaa oollaetad on a 328 aaah alava* aad (8) that ahlah paaaad through,a 820 aaah alava. Tha duration of tha tJvts vaa M daya '^. aad tha alas af tha daaa aaa 8*2 gran of dust par pig. Purs qvarta dast .* . ~ -3- waa first wood. Basalts ahovsd ae paritcoaal adhsslos fonutloa with tha 100 and *00 aaah aatarlal and adhsaioas is all of tha aalaala lajeetod with tha 985 mash aatarlal. A. aaaond acrlaa of taata with tha oaae partiela altos, dura tion asd doaa including quarts, salelta, ahart, Uaevtasa and asthraelia coal was aada* It waa otoaarwad that tha 225 aaah aatarlal bahavad aora easataatly In tha peritoneal oswlty than did tha eoaraar aatarlal* A arias of dusts was thas isjsotac, using 385 aaah aatarlal, 0*8 gras dsaa asd Id days duration. Tha dusts uaad wsrst ealelta, ahart, whiting, quarts, bituminous ooal, 4 siftas of llaastoca, sad 8 aaavlaa at aathraslta coal* tha rasults, Wtt.1* aora oosstast than abas tha aosrsar aatarlal waa uaad, did sot show parltosaal adhaalona with tha ragulsrity sxpsetsd. mhoaioaa ooaurrad ossaslaaaLly is --'-- iajaatad with llaaatoss asd aoaatlass fallsd to foes la --iajaatad with quarts* It was aoaeladsd that tasts of loogar duration thas 14 days would giro aora lafezaatlas as to tho bahawlov . of dasta is the parltoaaal aarlty. Two aarloa of taata, oas of quarts asd tha other of oalolta aara sot up. Tha aisa dasta uaad wsrot 100 to 800 aaah. 800 to 385 aaah, asd lasa thas 385 aaah. ><--i. vara killsd asd axualnad T, 14. 56 asd 90 days aftar ingoetloo. 2s addltios to tha formatIon of adhooioaa or tholr abaasea, aaothar ohaarwatloa was aada. Tha sodulaa foraad by tha ealolta wara aiah aaallar is 90 days'thaa thosa sotad at tha and of T daya after Injection. Tha sodulaa fcrsad by quarts, aa tha other hand, ware largar la 90 daya tha thosa obaarwad la 7 days. A aarloa af Swats using 385 aaah partlala-alsa aatarlal, 0e8 jpu " ' .* - t i ... Vrf , folioslag dost* was set upt quartz, chart, oalelte, llasstaie, soapstone as* I Ut t blttstlaous coal* These tuti shoved^th* duets produced three different ty-pes of reset Ion la the peritoneal tissue: (1) quartz and chart produced a cellular perforation which eauaed the fornation of large nodulea about the dust; (2) ealelts and limestone daereaaad in amount In the tissue* aa the interval be tween injection and autopay increased; (3) bituminous coal and aoapatone ap parently rwalned inart, causing neither a cellular proliferation nor did they show evidence of disappearance* This varied reaponee was constant in every anlzal injected with the sane dost. ZanaBuch aa the 323 naah material prra such constant results, it aaa thought that the uaa of finer material night apaad 19 the rsnotlon. an air separator waa horronod frem the Bureau of iilnaa and a nunbar of dusts vara asperated* Partlele-elxe determinations aura aads. ill of tfaoao dusts had a aedlan partleie-aiza of lam than 8 nicrons aith the exseption of soapstona which was S mlareas. Series of sulaaa pigs were injected with 0,2 pa. doeec of the followlag daats* bsainatioas ware zeds in 7, 14, 30, S3, 90, ISO and SCO days after inject ion. Sosults of these tests are listed with the dustst Dusts giving an absorption type of reaction Calelta Ojpans Limestone Precipitated calcium carbonate Portland aamant. a arollferative type of resetion %arts(roek crystal} Flint lnormal quarts . Chart (shat) &cv y*, \' nuata an Inert tro* of rotation Soapatoao Anthracite ooal (2 aaxtplu) Carboro&duu Bitoaiaou* coal (2 sample*) Precipitator aah Jeweler* rous* (baaatlte) Metro-ait* whit*, a aixtur* of ealelum carbonate, aaGaeelUB car bonate and ealeiua aasaealw allleat# produced a reaction la whiea the firat two eo^panaats war* abaorbed aad th* sUleat# rcBalaad inart in tha tleases. A apaoiaaa of tala prodsoad aa laart reaction; only 180 aad 360 day aatenatlona war* aada of thoaa two duata A spaeiaam of daat fraa th* nlxls* roan of a glass plant waa t riad bat eaold aot b* used aa tha hli pareentame of aada aah waa too taxi* whoa iatradaaad Uto tha parlteaaal oarlty. Tha finer alaad particle*, 1**., alatrlatad duct, produced a aora rapid raapona* than did tba 323 aaah notorial* thin waa particularly apparent la th* eaa* of aalalta which dlaappaerad aatiraly la 180 days. Howarar th* great raaatlaa prodoaad by th* 325 aaah aatarlal waa aafflalaatly dlffarantlatad te parmlt alanslfylag a daat aa to th* typ# of roapoasa It produced. Jaothar earla of 325 aaah dusts, exHlaod later because ta* aa* of th* air separator waa not available, aheaad raaalta ooapafabl* ta tboa* la tha athar aarlas, 1.*., they all eauld ba dlffarantiatod Into oaa of tho thraa. groups. those dost*, for tb* neat part, war* aot part of tha planned fatady bat war* sent la by warlawa Individuals ta datanalna their aiitebillty faryrea* daat las coal almas or other potential indaatrlaljuaarda. That* teats warwi f KK - 6. those dusts eliciting s proliferative reaction are known ellnioally to oust sllloosis. 7* Host of the dusts allotting an inert reaction sro known to oaaae pnooonlosss of varying degrees of severity. , 0+* * 8* Sufficient reaction bos taken pises la 90 days after lnjeetioe / to permit differentiation of tbs type of reaetloa. nils length of tine soaos not too ihn coopered with Inhalation net bods of examination sad considering tbs sloe development of aUleoals. Asbestos Studies During the past three years several stttaspta to obtain an ashes- tee dmst eultable far study ait with failure, the alnaral Iteelf could no* bo reduced to dust hy ardisoy Ishorstary rinding sethods. Ths dust ob- tsfaii fros plants eonld set ha passed throng a StS asah Slavs haoassa it netted, water separation sea Uqpaaeihls hecause tbs dust Maculated sad ooaasloaally shoved oollsldal proportlss. da air separator vaa not avail- able. Of a of of aahsstoo obtained through the Metropolitan Life Zasuraaos Company, three wore oeleoted hooauao of tbslr aaall partial** also sad that they soda rathsr ualfom suspensions la physiological sallna solatloa. thooo throe sera representative of the different hinds of as* hastes, they earas (1) CasedIan ehryaetUe, (2) African aroeidollta, sad (8) Awaits. The sterilised material vaa injected aa received without farther attest to separate late finer also groups. .Tf k'.tt-.V' p*8i Oroups of guinea pig* were injected with 0*2 gt. doses of the above three dusts. ialaele fra each 3*0up were hilled and exaalned 14, 30, 86, ead 90 days after Injection. Quite a ms*bar of the snla&ls injected with the Canadian asbestos asd aaoalte died In the first week* intopsy shoved a peculiar bright red appearance of the blooc and sf seme organs, especially the lungs, which were markedly congest#:. It was sssuaed that there night be aaae soluble toxle substance in tie met. The anlaals that reaaiaed allre for the duration of the teat shoved en inert type of reset ion in erery Instance with each of the three dusta. Bertaa^* - A eecond group of animals aare injeeted with 0*1 gs* doees of the seas three dusts* The aanhar of deaths la the first week were materially depressed. These test* have passed the 96 day period and hare Acm. identical resalts with tboss of ths first ssriss* Inesimsh as hy this tsatin Is sf sxmalnatloa, asbestos falls into the Inert group of dusts it seems test the importance of this biologioel elaaalfi* set ion la relation to the ellaioal picture of paeuaocon losLa is strengthened. As the hlstelogieul picture of sllleosla la a nodular fibrosis and that ef as- -M bestosis is e diffuse fibrosis, aaas oorrelation hetweaa the inert ^oup of dusts sad clinical pathology of the various paewoooniosea may he aede. pa^lflldel si Ilea* 1 arias ef wills lnjseted intraparltOksel 1 y with 0.1 ga. of ool* i z* leidal dLliea'Tn phpuielegi^l saline solution shooed two Interesting poIntel (1} the Mderlhl U nUtlnly tone U itself eaualag the death of a la thfc first fee days fallowlag injection; (t) the alllea fc a. - ' - '.* ' `*V" ' 4-Cl . ->r -0- dlaappeared la 90 day* ud la 246 days only psrltoaaal adheeiona, suoh aa tba counts* to the anterior abdominal vail, ahosed any avldanee of tba preaaaee of aay daoaglng aatarlal baTlng baas In the peritoneal cavity. Sxparloents vita eolloldal *11 lea sere not continued a eucn a study would bova been too auch of a deviation tract toe salt problas. Studies ualr- variable Quantities of duata, Sarly la tula sari four groups of animals vara injected with 325 naah particle also ehert, aalelta and tao aa^laa of llaaatoaa. Tba aoaaa of tbsaa dosaa ssra 0*1, 0433 and 0.011 g. and tba purpose vas to deter- la* shatbar tba quantity of dnat bad any relation to tbo formation of pari* tnuoal *- Tba duration of the tost* aara 14 days* idbeatcna asra -J* f4 found in ana of tba llsaatono Injected anlaals in tbo 0.1 ^* doaa roup. -S` Simultaneously with tbo oaqplstlon of this aarloa tba obaarratlon aaa aada >: that duata of different abnraatar produced different types of aodalea oo thla lino of approach saa not continued. Recently a second series of testa saa begin to determine If the tlaauoa oould assimilate a definite quantity of dust. Alr-aeperated qua: and aalalta in dosaa of 01..1*. 00 45 and 0.01 saa. vara Introduced lntna- par&tonaally lata galas* pl6 war* billed and examined 14, 90 and 60 day* after injection. In 60 days practically all of tbo oalolte of tbo 041 rlaa bad dloappewed. Tltb both duata, tba greater portion of-tba tut, mi oftoa tbo aatlra aaouat, * `tS- ' tba 041 on. dadai of flint aboaad found in tbo 'odulaa In tba la 80 4aya sltb tba doaa* This line of investigation, using nailer doses of quartz, la being continued and will be coagsleted tt.ia y.or. Proposed future studyi- Minimal doaaa of duat. It la deslrec to lean what la toe largest uount of aillea that eaa be ellnlasted by the tissues Is a jives tine without causing gross dsaage, i.e., visible dust i.odulca. The portion of t .la stucy nor in progress isrolrea quartz sleae. It la desired to extend thla study to include sons of tbs dusts of the inart response groups us may of taese dusts re definitely ksosn to esuse pneuaooonloais. Mixed dusts* Oonhlnations of such dusts as limestone and quartz in Tarping jropdrtioa shrnihd be aada to determine if the presanoe of one has any infloanee on the response elloited bp the other. This would be particularly Interesting with large quantities of limestone and snail quantities of quartz. fltfcrsBsrltas--1 response to puts iaorcsale silicates. It is doolrod to substitute *y pure inorganic silieetea in plaae of duets in the latrapsrltoneal imjsotloc t seta to dotamino, (1) if aillea oonpouada will a ions produoo oollnlsr responses similar to that produced bp pure 310s, (2) whether their texioltp is dependent on their solubility, ionization or toxic loss aush as Berios end potasalm. Studies using colloidal 3iO.Terptallins quarts should bo oado la pnrallol with tbs above, a series of 8 jure elliostes are moo on hand for this uork. Asbestos, further sort on asbestos should bo dona, laboratory netbeds for asfgrstlmg tbs aaterlal into partlelo-aine groups and for rumoring the tala preeestvith the aatsrlfe should be deralaped. thla night ha possible bp air separation. JKdrooeepio studies of tho lesions produced bp osbeatoe should be studied nkxfc for tue purpose of deteruicin.j port :ne fibers play In the fomution of thi fibrosis end If possitlr origin cl' tue as bestos bodies s&u the sous ii. whie . the;/ fora. Studies with dust followed by tubercle bacillus :i-b7. Tour "roup# of ,uji-i rigs were lajecter lr.*.rt-pItcnea-ly with 0.?. ga. doses of quarts, calelte, enert arr bltuni: s :oul v-24 .uosn particle size). Cz ti.e 104th da? after injection, a sufflolastly igju. time t permit t.'.tj formaticn of a wail defined du#t reaction, 0.1 nr. of an IS day culture of tubercle bad Hub strain H37 was introduced into the peritoneal cavity, missals Injeetsc with dust and tubercle baeilll alone were used as controls. In all of the animals injected with oust and tubercle bacilli, the tuberculous lnvolvwmnmt sss greater than la the contrcJCn with tuocrcla bacilli alone. X sseomd sarias of tasts In which the aaove named dusts remained is the peritoneal oavlty for 128 days previous to aa Injection of 0*1 tag. doss of tubercle bacillus B37. Twenty-one aays after Injection .if ti.e tubercle bacil li the animals were killed and examined. The result e =sre ldasticul wit- those found Is t he first serl-s. la Tubercle Bacillus strain 1 37 was round tc oe rare virulent than was deslreo, cultures of strain Rl, a lass lrul-.mt or.-aniaa, wore obtained for use la the remaining porti.ns of tnls atudy* x *ct-ls of guinea nigs yuf Injected with various doses of this strain shovea :..c least grossly visible Involvement in three weeks was given by a 0*1 ag. aos . fills dosage was used in the following studies. Dust and Tubercle Bacillus R1 Introduced at the aa.a t i.-.v Three groups of animals vers Injected Intraperltoz-`. y -it.. 0*1 ,-ja. doses of air separated calolte, quartz ans antn.aclie ecs. &:/. u.l z,. cf a fO-day culture of tubercle bad...us HI* at t..e scse ti_e. J.ntrds *ith oust and tubercle baeii.i alone wore injected elmltan:OU.si;. t;... teats. .ir.iials vara killed ano axazl:1. o hi anti 42 daya after it;rc ;.n* J'-.s results of t.'.eaa experiments vere a 1 .liar tr tiers where t u infst.iiz fo.lowst t.ie exposure to tbs dust* ill of t .a ani-mle treateo *it.. . .s: ant. tuoercle bacil li snowed acre tuberculous icv;lTei.ct t.ian was fou&u iz t tubercle bacilli control aniaala. Quarts showed the aoet marked inveivezezt, nntbraciie coal to a leaaar degree and calolte least or all* but still acre market man the controls* In the east of en'-nraclte coal* smell fine r;rsrcloa appeared aa dear raised nodules la the elf;\ise areas of duet cr t:.< anterior abdominal vail* Tuberculous Involvement was, of course, more general Is all of the a&laals but this point is mentioned bars for eo^arlsoa with a later aeries of experiments. The above testa vara rapes* ed uslnc calc its enc quarts only* The results obtained vara Identical* Tubercle Badlids 11 Infection followed by injections cf ousts fhree groups of er14--i* ware inoculated intrape. it:needy *ltb 0*1 mg. of tubarala baelllua Rl* I'wentp-one daya later, a aufflelent tlr.e for development of visible tuberolea, 0*1 ga. of oalelts, quartz ana anthracite coal was injeotad into respective groups of pigs* Dust and tubercle baellli treated control animals of similar lengths of exposure were maintained, i'he animals vara killed and esHlned SI daps after Injection of the ousts* - - *' * r .*! '* -13. Tarty-two day art now on tm. Aosult* showed t;.et the tuberculous larolTsaeBt TU p-eater in tne aclasis subse^uentl/ treated sit . the dust a than was found in ths controls inoeulatad with tubercle bacilli aion*. The aoat larolTSBcat was found with quartz, anthracite coal showed a leaser anoint and ealclta the least. In the eaaa of anthracite coal, zones of fine dust particles coUaeted about the aoall tubarelea an tee anterior abdocaiaal sail, and the dlaparaed dust ess not generally diffuse aa noted Is previous tests share the dust had haem lajaetad previously. Proscaed future stadias* Hast in snnftlnation slth taharala baa1111. Vttrthsr stadias with varying tins laterals batassn ths otposure of dust and laOfsotion should be aside* Chs asst 1'tfrartaat at these studies in Ties at tns results found la ths three taperlasstA rsportsd bars, is to dstemlae if there is an lateral after exposure to dast, psrtioularly allies, la which the anisai will not show any aoro tuberculous involvwneat than would be found in the control --<--ir jBiaals'lnjootod with dusts would be infested with tubercle beoilll at sane interval longer than 128 daya after the Inject ion of tue dust* (Su perlaents iarolTlng 128 daya showed a greater susceptibility to tuberculosis). Other ronton at Infection, such as intravenouely, should he used it parallel with lntTspsrttoaeal Infection* i. nieroscopie study of all tissues rrea these be aado* -.z-. -45s '-Tf-jisroseopie study is now bsl&g o of ths asdalss famed fw-. 18 ths firstvjsw puhllsatloos resulting from this study! histologically this &iZ j-r'V X to date all of the proliferative and most of the absorptive type or dusts Dave been studied. The renaluder will be eoaq>leted t.tli yeah* Zt bee bees noted la trie preliminary c.ucy teat - fine cant partlolea, leee than 5 microns, of to proliferative earlee elicit ea early fibro blastic reaction followed la froa 30 to dS days with a macrophage increate bleb later undersea retrograde changes and ultimate f l.roaie,fatty degenera tion and calcification* Tna larger particle material, - tr.at paeaad through a 325 mash aareea - sboao an initial macrophage proliferation, l.s., a typical fore1 gin body motion, which later becomes fibrosed ana calcified, nhlle grossly tbo picture presented by the quarts of two different also gruope is the ism, tbo aleroeeople pleturw, aspoolally la tba early stages after in jection la ilttlWlr different. Tbs miorosooplc study promises to give ease Idas as to tbo r*1**^!* prognosis of dust patholosr and olininatlon. This study will bo aoFvlotot this year* Fronoood future study ldlarooeoplc studies. Beecuee of tba variation la too early picture of silica oust when 328 mesh ad 5 micron particles are used ad attempt should be made to detarslae why tba oosrsar material presents the microscopic ap pearance of a typical foreign body reaction whereas the finer material a bows such a abundant proliferation of flbroblmate. As far a using th? gross re action as a teat this phaemannn is not l^ortut but with the application of tbs Information derived from tbsae tntreperltoneal etudlea to ellnleal sllleoeia, It preoaBte poaalbllltles that nay be applied to the procwala of aliieotlee* TariSuab pdftlele alee croupe of dnete ebeuld be ueed* Tissue -\VrM. ass;* 1-6- cultures ic have to too resorted to lr. order to determine at Just that period tfco formation of macrophages basins. JLs easier way would ba to introduce the dust Into the amnlcalo aao cf date lop las Ohio embryos and observe after varying stages of laeubatloa* Such observations may penult the shortening of the teat we use to determine the Ua-jfuinssa of a duat from 90 daya to a fe* daya. The information obtained rega.-dixt; the action of busts cm ii^lviiuai cells night also give a clue as to the various typus of flaroua tissue Tor_iatlon ia the pneumoconioses* lBtratreflhi injections. it this lima it would ba desirable to cor relate the react lama produced by dust la the peritoneal, cavity with those ellelted la the inane* This study would, be particularly helpful la gaining information about the ^oop of duets eleased as lasrt ia our previous papers. It la gaits 1Italy that the --bantam causing fibrosis is different with thaae dusts 00--red to that of silica* c--* r--rv^ oonsldarat ion of ti.e work of 0< T. .Smith who hod shown experiaentaly that a eyablotlo croup of those organins was eapeSle of causing fusospiroehaetrl lose Alooooo, it wes decided to investigate t.iat possibility and ts determine tho typo of cynblosis that might bo responsible for these conditions. In ordar to obtain representative pathologic aateriel for tr.s expert* aental work a number of miners with chronic putrid bronehloetaais mi lung ab- aooaa wore rlalted throughout the district and sputum was carefull." collected, aaailalflod and Injected into the groin of guinea pigs. 4 aanbar of tioao <--i dovalopod typical funosplroeheetel abseoo* aeo ct the groin which ware oharaetarlsed by largo aoerotlo loaiona containing ijoanlah"groj. aitTMalj fool--ailing pus which waa teeming with aararal typaa of trepnmsrsste. oplroehaotes, spirilla, faalfem bacilli, straptooocol and 1trios* Y*ob tfcooo ant-la ware aaloetad, thrwo of sfliich had tooaa lnjootod with arterial from long aha mm and throe trm chronle putrid hroaohieotaals in ntnoro with silicosis. Tuberculosis had baaa ruled out by elixieal, rooatgaa und baotarlologlo exaainstlon. Tha actual experimental work waa begun at tha Bureau of nines 2rperi- ant Station la Pittsburgh, Pa., after withdrawal of tha Bureau of liiaee from tha coopvet Its clinic la Plohor. The fuaooplroehaatal erganlaao whlob are involved la the causation of tha sortid eoadltlOM under consideration are strict anaorobos and it was aosoasaiy to devloa appropriate culture not hod* ahleh voild bo applicable for ho --tire group of M--rebesof the upper respiratory system* dftK jvoloagod experimentation the foliating ergnlM rs isolatod IS )mb' SlitMt and tore available for antMl axpariaantatlunt Sc, alorsdaatlva, T. aum, T aaorodant loa, avvaral typaa of fualfora ban1llit T. taooala, apirlllna spatigasua, anasrobto vtraptocoeol, vibrio vlrldana aal larga faalfaru baollluo growing Is ayablosla vlth a traponaaa raaaabllne that of Ylaeant. Tba organlsaa vara studlad and classified according to their rorphologld* cultural and iaainelogle oharaoteristiee. Quinea pigs aad rabblta vara uaed for tha animal axper woric. In ordax to datsrmlna tba pathogenicity of tha Individual orgaslaoa laolatad, suapanalosa la saline of tba various alarobaa vara praparad and v ataadardlxad to 100 ailllOB baetacrla par oo* 1 o. of taaaa auapaaaloas voe lnjaetad lata tba groin ot a sarlaa of gulneapl^* tha raaulta sbovad that tha trspaaeasta, tba faalfora has1111 aad tba spirilla vara aoa-patboganlo Tha atgaptoaoool prodnaal alight transitory Inflaaaat ton, tba vibrios alight ladarvtloa* This obaarvatloa lad to tha supposition that tha atraptooooana aadj f|.- tha vlhrla al^t lnltlata tba lofvotloa by preparing tha aapoaod tiaauaa for tba invasion of tha other organises. To taat this theory oaeh of thaaa spools* vaa aoablnad vlth tha otbar individual typas and laoaulctad Into tha groin of gnlnea pigs. Tha raaulta shovad that ncra aavara raaotiona wra obtalaad trm tba eotablnations containing T. miarodentitle, T. aooosua, Baoillua fualfoials typa Z, onb typa 2 and typa ZZ of Yanay than vlth tba oooblaatlons of tha TB--lwlag anaarobaa. St. had baaa pratioualy obsarvad that tbs Injaotion of tea eoablaad stroptosossua aad vibrio a--affl aora aavara raaatleoo than vfaaa aaah typa vaa lajsetsi vvftrdtaly* Za aoBsaqpsaaatha tie typos vara aoablnad nth tba i MMlaii''fbar typssaad tnjaotad Into tba gMa vf a nav sat of -if- T. mucosa tad tbs two typ* of fusifoas bacilli than with tha remaining or ganists and It became evident that tse harmful symbiotic group was canposed of tha anaerobic streptococcus, tha vibrio, ?. aicroden; lum, y. sueoaum and the fusiform bad Ul* JL combination of all t:>se organisms vaa cow ir.Joetad Into tnc groin of guinea piga and typical fuaospirechaetal abscesses, coapemble vitr. tr.oas occurring in man, resulted. Further aspariasntat 1 a showed, by elialnation, that tha harmful ayablotle aaaoelatlos ana batwaan an aaaarobie streptococcus, a Tlorio, 7. aterodentia, T. aueosua, Baoillua fuslformls Type I, sub-type 2 and Type II of Tamer, and that T. oiarodestlua and r. meamm could ba substituted for ona anothar. This as* also true for tba fusiform bacilli, T. maerodaatlum, T. buoealo, ap. sputlgama and tha larga fualform bacillus Rowing In aasoel*tion with tbs tropcaaoa raaambling that of Tinoant do not antacr In tho harmful eonblnatloa* In addition to tha abort experiments all poaalbla combinations of tha t<a typos of anasrobas under eonaldaratlon ware investigated experimentally, but only tha show* dasorlbad types war* capable of causing fuaoapiroohaotnl laaiona. After dataralnatlom of tha mleroble natoo1st ion raaponalbla for tba causation of fusosplroohaatal laaiona preliminary arparhaunts in rabbits wars undertaken* . Two aata of 12 rabbits wars inoculated, intrmtraeheelly, on# with 20 ec, of poo, dilutee to 1 M aitb saline, from fuaoapiroebaatal abaoaaaaa in gainea pigs, and tha otbar with 1 oo, at a ouspanaloa la aaltna of para cultural of tha ayablotlo geoup, representing 100 million organisms. Of tha animals la m'. I (pus) 8 died of fusospirccbestal pneumonia, 3 developed subcutaneous phltsaonous abaeasaaa (probably aa a result cf ex travasation of t..e iaoeulum Into tbe tissues of t .e neck) and one died of fuao* spirochaetal absoeaa of the lun,: with enpyoaa. Of the second set (pure eulturea} 0 died jf fusoa:.irociiaetal pneu monia, 5 revived under eo-vlnod arsenic and tartar-enetic trea'-asnt ar.u one developed a fusoeptrocheesal lun absoeaa with ecpveaa. The rabbit experiments ware interrupted '.r.en tbe experimental labora tory aaa transferred from Pittsburgh to iTashliu-toa, an August 1,19&*, ana era incomplete. ZZ. SaclUua Tuberoolos la Influence of Industrial dusts upon the growth of tha tobersls bao111ns. Xt hss baan reported from varloua sourdea that silica enhances tbs powth of the tubercle beoillaa, that eoal duat retards tha powth and that Mlolte exarts an inhibitory influence. la order to test t-ess assertions the fallowing baotariologle Investigations ears made: Potato slants wars prepared and atesnsd in heavy suspensions of quartz, short (fisher chat), bituminous eoal and calelte. Tha lists were suspended la Loug'a synthatls solution median devised tor the growth of the tnbarels bacillus. Plain potato slante served as controls* This treatment iradooad a fins costing of dust upon the alanta, the fiaas particles penetretlag the ruthsr large perea of tha potato, jrtaar .atsrllitat .on the slants were lth f lasllllastar loopfuls of a suspension la saline of tno human train B-37 which had been propagated upon glyearin agar at the et tonal Institute of Health* The slants were incubated at 37.5 centigrade and lnapeeted for growth at regular Interrale* i. total of 316 tnbee were examined for growth efficiency in the preaenee of siliceous and non-sillceous dusts. The results are shown la the follovrin..- protocol: Quartz Chert(Plcher euat) 3itumlnous eoal Controls First alscemlola Hoxloua yowth growth in daya In daya 8 16 I 17 10 -- 1 17 In the preaenne of quart! and chert (ts percent SlOg) growth ap peared mash earlier than os bituminous coal and on the control alente* u.-rtn. growth (eoicnies do aot Icereaee In number end else In tue horizontal plane) la reached on the 17th to 18th da7* In the ease of bituminous coal growth appeara much later end la wsry scant. The eelonlaa increase in elze slowly ana newer reach the else and topography as those pown in tae presence of elllca. In the controls Initial growth la much delayed, aot as luxurious as In the presence of silica, but after 14 days the growth gains spaed and --*<-- -growth is attained In 17 daya* In the presence of ealelte human strain E-37 does not grow on potato slants, howsrer, the organisms remain wimble and, whan transplanted upon plain potato, will ^adually resume proliferation. Tram these e^ori.wants It nay be concluded that (a) la the presence of allies the Initial, latent period of grouth la considerably shortened; (b) In the praaanea of bltwlaeua coal the growth la retarded and finally checked; (o) la the preaanoa of calelte growth is e.-itlrely Inhibited, bit \.ha organ 1ms rsaain viable and will reouae proliferation upon transplantation on favorable culture aedla* The ubove experlasats ware Carrie. out in the presence of excessive amounts of dust and quantitative Ideas any therefore net be derived froa thaa* In order to gala such quantitative Inforastlon It was decided to stuuy tuber cle baclllue growth upon a synthetic aadlua to which known amounts of silica could be added* Lung's synthetic solution was chosen and stiffened with l.b percent of fiaeto-agnr {Baato agar contains trasaa of SlOgf laaufficlaat to Interfere with toe quantitative work] and the silica was added In the font of e* p sodium silicate* me resulting aedlum la crystal elear and the finest growth esa bs detestec without difficulty* The Initial experiments ware aade with tbs aadlua eontalnlng *4 perewat of sodlwc silicate* Plain Long agar and Corpar's egg yolk xedius were used as contrast* The result a appear belowt First discernible growth in days Uartana growth in ctys Si-Long agar Plain Long agar Zgg yelk aediun 6 12 9 --49 Bara toe, accelerated s*owth waa obtained in the presence of silica while only aotarty growth ooeurred la tha controls* Corper'a egg yolk aadlua proved jaioh auparler In growth qualities* Quantitative experiments with aaaller snounta of aodlua allicata (*01, *05, .1, ., and .3 percent) ahowad only a alight increase of the efficiency of tLie iaedlun. *ost favorable results ware obtained sit., the *4 percent concentration. larger aaouats of sodinn siIlea-e can not bs used in this synthetic msdiua because it would brinr : alhalir. 1-y of the ay-llum be yond pH 7*2 which la toe opt lawn reaction for tubercle bacillus j?osth. Another group of cultures on syntUetlc Lon^ aedltna containing c.p. slllole acid vara eeadad with H-37. toe pH van adjust#: tritn sodium carbonata to T.8. A subtly ssrllsr growth was observed on this aediua, but aftsr a fsv days tbs growth upon sodlun sllleats aadlua had attained the aaaa pro port loss and free than os proceeded acre rapidly* A creriaon of the growth efficiency of tba synthetic aodlua silicate aodlua just described with that of Carper's egg yolk aediua in 137 ellnleal oases, of vhleh 13 ware positive for tuberculosis, revealed 11 positives for the egg yolk aadlua and only 3 for tbs sodlua ailloa:e aediua* To account for this fnet It was reasoned tnat egg yolk contains a considerable aaount of Iso1thin and that the addition of this substance nipt i-iprove tna synthetic aadlua and render it as efficient as t:*e egg yolk aadlua. To this end pure lecithin, prepared fron egg, n> aided to the synthetlo aodlua in graded aaounta and Its growth qualities oaapared with egg yelk aadlua* 1W37 was used* The results were as follows: 4- 3gg yolk nsdlua:- Si-Long agar * " plus .Sri laclthlr m mm lA.i mm m 2.0> uaxlaia growth is days 12 12 11 11 The addition to tha syathetii ac-livni silicate nidiun or ,-ure lecithin seems to enhance it a growth factors eci'lr.ltely tcmgh silently, but It la evident that aea larger amounts that 2.0 percent 1U have to b addad. 2eper iaent# to that affaet ara aoa under say. Pathological ermlnetloca of human notarial In tha pact th*W yaarat ie speeiasns of lung tissue, ease aa praparad alldaa and aeoa aa afaola lungs, ra received and examinee pathologi cally. Keporta wera made to tha parsor.s submitting the material. It aaa en deavored to mate tnese reports aa cotap 1st* and attract lee a> possible to cnoourage phyalelans to submit such matarlal for examination. The report# included, when possible, a ellr.loal and lntustrlal history, autopsy report, gross and alcroscople ropart of the tissue auomlttcd, pictures of the lures, prints of X-ray plates, and chmaieal analysis of tr.e luac tlaaua. A cross spaclmaa mountsd in a celluloid container and duplicate microscopic elides were sometimes sent with the report, s-cb material naa been very helpful in studying the pathological picture of pneumoconioses and the trouble taken la preparing the reports has haem wall worth at.lie. >Jl^ laboratory eoulcpent Vhon this work in atartec at fie huraoj of Mln.s It wa: noosest.";' to equip a laboratory suited* for tr.fc orr.. ibout i r.-r.f wss s~ nt in tils and prelIminary r .ding one erperi inn*. When the heal'- . of t..u au.eeu of Lines ea*c, this work was transferred to tre iMo.le ;u:ilt:: Service and noved to Kaanlngt -n. dess of tit* equipment uaad la Pittstur^ was hroyett to Washington which enabled the *cr'x to ro on uninterrupted, in Waeidnjton the physical oqplpneat of the laboratory baa constantly improved. By p^rKdoJ~ tag e large roaa, we now have a eell lighted end ventilated animal room eon* talcing TO cages In good condition, a bacteriological and pathological labora tory with all necessary equlpooat and a anall ah op vbleh has enabled us to *ir innumerable pieces of useful and necessary furniture and equlpuant* ascent acquisitions of new equipment frou the Public Health Service aided the work mterielly. Personnel Active on thla problem. J. 3. UlUor, patholoslst F. C. ProaIce, bacteriologist and medical technician H. f. Brubaoh, toenhical aide Nay JtoU, laboratory al* and mechanic skia to savings resulting froa salvage of equipment soon after trans fer to Vashlngton, It was poealde to hira Ur. Stoll to take ears of the anlaala* He has handled this v-ry satisfactorily ana In au.itlon had taken aara of all of the shop work tnet has boon required. Praotlcally all of the Metropolitan Life Ineuranoe appropriet ion is now used for salaries. v.. two- Oooparativa aid fron tiia Public .iaaltt. jcrvica t'. H. Goldoan, chonat in the Office of inaustilai . .ygiena and -> an italien haa performed a niscoe. of iNediat anal>ae> of satoriala used in our work. Gr. D. . Araitroni;, physicist, nas d*n ror.-:is.- ..n v.r datern.na tion of sl.iea by apoetrogrnpnic aeiiiO-ii. x satisfactory aetnod has baan developed. X quantise'.:va method is now uir.; stuciad. Hesulta ln- dieata that it will be eventually ruocaaafal. 3ueh a aethod of determining minute quantities of aillea in body fluids will bo of -suen yujs in studies on aillea aetabolin. Or. 7. U. OallaValla ben aided on nuaeroua oecasioaa ic aaaauring duet particles end is tbo oar.atr ivtlon of an air nparator for ate in ob taining fine aust for atody.