Document BRB3RRbw89L3zng6eORg3E0gj

FILE NAME: Neighborhood Exposures (NE) DATE: 1950 DOC#: NE003 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Medical Journal Article - Environmental Cancer Hazards Caused by Industrial Air Pollution InAd RusCtHriIaVl HE S OF ygiene Occupationanadl Medicine EDITORIAL BOARD PHILIP DRINKER, Chief Editor 55 Shattuck Street, Boston 15 nil.itlumi-: K. HATCH, Pittsburgh FENN E. POOLE, Gleiulale, Calir. KOUl.llT A. KEHOE, Cincinnati FRANK PRINCI. Denver KH\NK A. PATTY, Detroit WILLIAM A. SAWY'ER, Roclicstcr, N. Y, JAMES H. STERNER, Rochester, N. Y. RICHARD J. PLUNKETT, M.D., Chicago, Managing Editor Volume 2 1950 AMERICAN PMUEBDLIICSAHLERASSSOCIATION CHICAGO 10, ILL. o MEDICINE >e applied and healing of old ay be of some nation there is 1 the adoption ending to such ersonnel, eduuards, routine , etc. ay of limiting - disturbances, lisease and of ( ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER HAZARDS CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION Introductory Comment to the Discussion W. C. HUEPER, M.D. . Chief, Concerigenic Studies Section, National Cancer Institute BETHE5DA, MD. AN APPRECIABLE number of recognized or suspected occupational -A. cancers are probably caused by inhalation of certain cancerigenic chemicals in dust, fumes, vapors, mists or gases (figs. 1 and 2). Many of these industrial agents are also introduced into the air while they are being used or released as waste products. Because the minimal effective cancerigenic dose, of almost every one of these agents is yet to be estab lished, the possible, even the probable, existence of cancer hazards resulting from pollution of the environmental air by chemicals represents an appropriate subject for those taking part in this conference to consider. With the exception of soot as a possible cause of cancer of the lung and cancer of the scrotum, cancer-producing factors polluting the environmental air have only rarely been considered or investigated in connection with cancer in man. Studies of this problem which render valid evidence are difficult, complex and time-consuming. There is small wonder, therefore, that at present all available data on this matter have suggestive value at best, and most are mere speculation. Some years ago Green alleged that the sulfur dioxide released during the burning of coal and the smelting of ores is the cause of an excessive incidence of cancer among population groups exposed to the fumes. On the other hand, Stephens blamed carbon monoxide, which was introduced into the atmosphere from domestic and industrial sources, for causing cluatnlec.erifinancyer,tabiansiws oinrkfearcst.and the general population. These claims have Much more substantial, however, is the evidence in regard to other industrial products (table). There can be no doubt that products of the ' "ntbustion and fractionation of coal, such as soot containing cancer^enic tar, tar fumes, pitch and tar dust are polluting the environmental i.r from various sources and at many places. Similarly, combustion products and processed fractions of mineral oils, shale oils and natural -'l' .ire released into the air as domestic or commercial soots and fumes, fp-ad at the United States Technical Conference on Air Pollution, May 3 to 3, 325 Environmental Cancerigenic Agents and Sites of Cancer I Cancerigenic Agent Type of Contact Site of Cancer Benzene AromCautitcanOeroguasnic Chemicals Respiratory LLeyumkpemhoiasarcoma? ArBoemtaatnicapabmtbinyelsamlne CRuestapnireaotuosry MCauyrreceliotnemor,mar/aenoafl bplealdvdiser, ii: CoBaaselpnthzaiadrl,itn,pesitocoht,, %. Cutaneous Carcinoma of skin ,, . nboiiillt,u(am3n,e4tnh-b,raecncreezponyseoretene) . Re(fsupmiraetso)ry Carcinoma of lung ShLauleboriiclating oils Crude paraffin oils Cutaneous Carcinoma of skin LiLgnuibtreicoailtsing oils TCarurdoeilpsaraffin oils Cutaneous - < Carcinoma of skin PepLteruotbrloeriluecmuatmianngpdrooidlsucts Cutaneous % Carcinoma of skin CCFuoruemdl meoieplsracriaaflfisnoootisls Re(sMpiisrat-tDoruyst) Carcinoma of lung? Isopropyl oil? AliphRaetiscpiOrartgoarnyic Chemicals Caarncdinloumnga/of nasal sinuses Inorganic Chemicals ArIsneonricgaalnsic and organic? CARuelistmapneirenaottauorsryy Carcinoma of skin Carcinoma of lung? C C aatrrraccciinnt?oomm a a o o f f alimenta bladder? ry CNihcrkoeml caaterbsonyl? Asbestos RReessppiirraattoorryy Respiratory CCaaarrnccdiinnlooummngaa ooff nluansgal sinuses Carcinoma of lung ii Physical Agents II Ioo(ngfizaeimnlegmctrarao)dmaianatgdioncneotircpus Cutaneous Respiratory CCaaorrfccmisnkooinmmaa oanfdlusnagrcoma ccfhuroelammricrtyaadlpsieosa(catlipvhea, beta) AGelinmeeranltabroydy SLCaearurcckoienmmoamiao,afloybfmonnpeahssoaslasricnoumseas Ionizing radiation Parenteral Carcinoma of liver? from a-ray tubes Cutaneous SCaatrircscsoiunmeosamaoanfodcfobsnoknnieencstive Usltoralavrioraledtiraatidoination General body Cutaneous Leukemia, lymphosarcoma Carcinoma of skin Cancerigenic Agent Site of Cancer Species Aromatic amiPnooteconmtiaplouEnndvsironmental Cancerigenic Agents and Cancer Sites 2oo,--3aa-mmaziinonotooaalzzuooebntoeelnuzeennee BLilvaedrder RMaotuse D4*.admziom-dbeieetnbtzhyeyln-la-eipn-ianmo-ino- 4-obthxeaynl-ze2en:n3ee--dli-mazeothnyalp- th- 22--aaazemoeitbnyeolnalzlmueonineroenfleuorene D4-iadbziemonbezetohncyzale-rnbaeianzionioe* EsStrtiolgbeenstircoclompounds Breast Uterus GMRuaoitunseea pig AChlilpohraintiactecdomhpyoduroncdasrbons Hemopoietic tissue Liver Mouse Mouse meCCthahrlyoblroeonnfeotergmtlryaccohl loride Bladder Rat Carbamate derivatives Thiourea derivatives Lung Thyroid gland? MRMaootuussee SBeelreynliluiumm BLoivneer RRaabt bit 327 93* 328 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE or may cover mineral particles escaping from cracking towers, thereby becoming a part of the constituents of smogs. Whenever production and waste disposal methods in aromatic amine operations are inadequate, dust, fumes and vapors of beta or alpha naphthylamine and benzidine may enter the air of the factory fume zone. The large scale use of arsenical dusts as pesticides and the long-continued and formerly uncon trolled release of arsenicals with the waste fumes of metal ore smelters may have created potential cancer hazards in many regions. It may be wise to consider the possible existence of similar conditions for the population living near chromate factories, beryllium operations and asbes tos mills. In recent years the potentiality of cancerigenic air pollution hazards in connection with many establishments in which radioactive mthaetierrioapleirsatpiorondsu. ced, used or handled Has become an important factor in Cancerigenic agents polluting the air may enter the human body by inhalation, cutaneous contact or ingestion. Exposure of the population to cancerigenic air pollutants, especially those of stable nature, may result from their subsequent incorporation into and contamination of drinking water, foodstuffs and soil. Cancers caused by cancerigenic air pollutants may affect not only parts of the respiratory tract, such as the lung or the nasal sinuses, but, depending on the nature of the agent and the type oanf dexbplaodsudreer,. may affect other organs, such as skin, bones, bone marrow The future control of these potential hazards depends, first, on the reliable qualitative and quantitative demonstration of cancerigenic agents in the air around establishments producing or handling recognized or suspected cancerigenic agents; second, on thorough epidemiologic studies of cancer incidence in the population living in the fume or waste disposal zone of such plants; and third, on the subsequent institution of effective measures preventing further release of cancerigenic agents into the environmental air. To cope properly and speedily with this new health hazard from air pollution in the modern industrial environment, it is essential that indus trial management, public health agencies and the medical profession be atrlyeirntegd totosothlvee pitr.oblem and that they work together harmoniously in m- W vef technics of the j offendei of chen and nur producii chemica measure partieul; (cedarw aflnodursomyi are com: Smu barley, s - ties in tl Acco patholog Agricult reached that spo in mill i to 9,000