Document BQgraQy45DkjEyrQj0ygrGVX

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1941 Sept 15 DOC IHF092 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Digest of Industrial Hygiene - Abstracts Section ) . * TheManufacturers Association Connecticut Ne RECEIVED =\ SSEE P P1166 o in. Bulletin No. 837 September 15 1941 ATTENTION - Industrial Nurses - Trained Attendants A person employed by industrial plants to practice nursing under the direction of a licensed physician is required to be licensed as a regis- tered nurse R.N. or as a trained attendant T.A. Connecticut licensing requirements are as follows A. The graduate nurse having completed a course in an accredited school of nursing may be licensed 1. By examination in Connecticut or 2. Without examination in Connecticut if her course in nursing sho has equals that sot up in this state and he or been licensed by examination in some other stato B. The trained attendant may apply for licensing 1. By examination if he or she has completed a one year course accredited by the Board of Examiners for Nursing or 2. Without examination if he or she has completed an ac- credited course for trained attendant work in another state and is licensed there under a similar title or 3. BY WAIVER UNTIL MAY 1943 IF HE OR SHE HAS HAD THREE YEARS RESIDENCE IN CONNECTICUT b HAS HAD THREE OR MORE YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN THE CARE OF THE SICK AND c IS A CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES OR HAS DECLARED INTENTIONS OF BECOMING A CITIZEN Attention is called to the last section in order that those em- ployed to do industrial nursing who are not now licensed may become properly cortified for same Application blanks or further information may be seoured from tho Board of Examiners for Nursing State Office Building Hartford Connecticut We will be glad to answer any questions / 1789 September 1941 Sept) Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pa DIGEST OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Developments News Items 696 American Conference on Industrial Health Meets November 5 and 6 Under the auspices of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons the American Conference on Industrial Health will hold its Second Annual Meeting on November 5 and 6 at Chicago Towers Chicago The opening session will be a symposium on the technical problems of industrial health on the basis that health supervision in industry involves two great principles 1 the adjustment of the working environment to the employee and 2 tho adjustment of the employee to the working environment including also the human environment The technical problems are the result of the application of these principles and run the whole gamut of public health as applied to industry The afternoon session will be a symposium on the economics of industrial health including 1 organization and cost of a health service cussion on the value of industrial health service to the employer and 2 disthe employee and the public The morning of the second day will be given over to a symposium health on the social implications of industrial trial health service should go are hospital discussing how far and medical care plans an indusrelated to industrial health service in any practical way does legislation play a part in this problem and the ed men together with evaluation of labor turnover the experiences of management spoilage and lack of train- and the interests of insur- ance carriers in the medical and social problems presented 697 Special Course in Industrial Hygiene Offered at University of Pennsylvania In order to provide trained industrial hygienists to meet the needs of expanding health and safety services in the defense industrics the University of Pennsylvania offers a course of instruction of twelve weeks duration in Industrial Hygiene The course will be given under the auspices of the Engineering Science and Management Defense Training Program of the U.S. Office of Education and is open to graduates in engineering chemistry or allied sciences Subjects covered in the course include Principles of industrial hygiene _ industrial hygione laboratory methods industrial ventilation safety engineer- ing administration of industrial health services industrial psychology and statistical methods Presentation of the course is contingent upon the en- rollment of a satisfactory number of students which will run from October 27 1941 to Januar1y7 1942 Applications for admission to the course should bo addressed to Theodore Hatch Associate Professor of Industrial Hygieno Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Pennsylvania,. Philadelphia Pennsylvania Digesotf Industrial Hygiene - 2 Legal Developments 698 Inhalation of Vaporized Lead Paint Lead Poisoning Accidental Injury Respondent worked half a day with petitioner on July 28 1940 and experienced some discomfort and requested a respirator which the petitioner furnished but which by reason of its age and condition was only partially effective Respond- ent worked the following day and skipped a day on account of lack of paint and then worked three days more with lead paint and two days with aluminum paint which had no load content The respondent testified that he began to have stomach cramps and muscular pains on the third day but that he thought that his difficulty was due to the confined space in which he was working and the intenso heat Respondent returned to his home July 31st and his condition became such as to require medical attention An injury to an employee engaged in a hazardous employment in consequence of exposure to and inhalation of vaporized lead paint discharged by pressure spray gun over a short period of time which results in acute lead poisoning is sufficiently certain and definito in point of time to constitute an accidental injury Award of compensation for tem- porary disability sustained C.K. Howard & Co. Supreme Ct Decided September 9 1941. CCH et al v McKaeyt al Okla 699 Eyc Burn Resulting From Exposure to Light Flashes Accident Within the Meaning of the Act Time of Occurrence of the Accident This controversy involves a claim for compensation for an eye burn conjuncti- vitis resulting from exposure to light flashes while the employee was working near some welders The Industrial Commission found in favor of the claimant and awarded compensation No permanent disability is involved the matters presented being the happening of an accident and the question as to which of two insurance carriers is liable should it be judicially determined that the employee sustained a compensable accidental injury within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act It is undisputed that the Great American Indemnity Company plaintiff in error was the insurer of the employer for this hazard until noon May 11 1940. The company denies liability after this date and asserts that the State Compensation Insurance Fund became the carrier of the risk The Industrial Commission found that the accident occurred May 10 1940 The points urged as requiring reversal are that there was no accident within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act if there was an accident the dis- ability did not extend over ten days the accident occurred some time after noon May 11 1940 at which time plaintiff in error was not the carrier of the risk Counsel for the indemnity company first contend for nonliability in that claimant suffered from an occupational disease rather than an accident If claimant had been working as a welder there perhaps would be some basis for the contention advanced He was engaged in doing general work nor was this injury under the circumstances to be expected in the usual course of events There is ample testimony to support the finding that the disability was compensable from June 5 to July 5 1940. There is no dispute that injurfy or which tho em- ployees sought compensation was present May 10. The commission was warranted as a reasonable inference therefrom in finding that claimant's cyc condition resulted from an exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that date or within a reasonable time prior thereto The judgment is affirmed Great American Indemnity Co. v State Compensation Insuranco Fund et al Colo Supreme Ct Decided September 2 1941. CCH Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and --- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3 700 Death of State Highway Department Employce from Lobar Pneumonia Question Whether Death was Approximately Caused by the Employment McKinnon while an employee of the North Dakota state highway department as an engineer died from lobar pneumonia The plaintiff his wife applied to the bureau for compensation From judgment for the plaintiff defendant appeals The deceased worked in snow prevention work The deceased had a cold for sometime He drove in an automobile to his home a distance of approximately one hundred miles The following day the doctor diagnosed his case as pneunon- ia The solo question here is whether the plaintiff has shown the lobar pneumonia was approximately caused by the employment In the case at bar there was nothing unusual in the work of the deceased Just when he was inocu- lated by the germ no one could tell The Workmon's Compensation Act does not cover diseases contracted by an employee outside of his employment and where compensation is sought on the theory that the death of the employee was caused by discase it must be shown that the disease was approximately caused by the employment Where the alleged origin of such disease is purely speculative and the disease may equally well have been caused by factors unconnected with the employment the burden of proof has not been sustained and no compensation can be allowed The plaintiff has failed to show that the discase from which the worker died was approximately caused by his employment Judgment reversed McKinnon v N.D. Workmen's Compensation Bureau N.D. Supreme Ct Decided August 28 1941. CCH 701 ' Silicosis Disease Poor Ventilation in Mine Insufficient Equipment Occupational_ Connell These are appeals by Howard Johnson Stevens Voight and Williamson from orders respectively of the Industrial Accident Board denying compensation All six worked in the defendant company's Mayflower Mine and subsequently sought workmen's compensation for silicosis suffered by reason of their employment prior to June 1939. The six cases were consolidated for trial The record presents one question is the disease suffered silicosis an occupational dis- case that is to say one which inheres in the particular employment which can not be prevented by reasonable means The evidence is undisputed and the board found that blasting operations in defendant's quartz mine were generally carried on just before the close of each work shift that blasting operations created much dust and smoke and fumes that there was always more or less silica lnden dust in the air in the vicinity where drilling operations and blasting were carried on that after the spring of 1938 the underground employees of the com- pany ate their lunch at the various station levels by the shaft Here it is un- disputed the Mayflower Mine was not provided with any mechanical ventilation whatever after May 1938 that the company did not install exhaust pumps or fil- ters of any type that in the absence of mechanical ventilation it did not pro- vide masks for its underground workers notwithstanding the fact that the air- way was partially blocked and the natural circulation thereby impaired The company provided wet drilling equipment but that as the record indisputably shows was in and of itself wholly insufficient to protect the workers from silicosis As to the law in effect when the discase was contracted whether the contraction of silicosis shall or shall not be deemed to be accidental depends on the particular circumstances of the case and accidental featuros or the absence thereof There was accidental injury here Silicosis is in large part preventable by one device or another Claimant is clearly and unquestionably entitled to recover compensation The causes are remanded with directions to the Board to award compensation in accordance with the grade of disability it found claimants suffered Howard v Texas Owyhee Mining & Development CCH Co. Idaho Supreme Ct Decidod July 17 1941. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4 702 Silicosis Recovery of Common Liability for Negligence Attempt to Recover from Insurance Carrier No Accident It appears that the plaintiff before the institution or the suit at bar had secured a judgment against his former employer the National Iron Company for damages on account of having contracted silicosis by reason of the negligence of the employer in its failure to obey and comply with certain statutes of the State of Minnesota designed for the safety and being of employees in certain types of industry The plaintiff alleges his inability to collect his said judgment from his former employer and brings this suit against the insurer The defendant on the other hand contends that said policies only cover liability for injuries sustained by accident and that plaintiff's condition was caused by disease There are raised by the pleadings but two questions for the Court to determine on this motion first whether the policies cover liability for all injuries or only those sustained by accident and second was plaintiff's _ injury sustained by accident In the case of Golden v Lerch Bros. Inc. the facts are almost identical with those of this case The Court in the Golden case said The recovery of Golden against his employers was not under the compensation law It was exclusively on their common liability for negligence That tort functioned harmfully not through or because of accident but rathor and exclusively by insidious and chronic disease in the causation of which there was no accident The Minnesota Supreme Court has determined the precise questions raised here contrary to the contentions of the plaintiff The motion of the defendant is granted Schuman v Liberty Mutual Ins Co. U. S. Dist Ct Dist of Minn Decided August 25 1941. CCH 703 Occupational Diseases Workmen's Compensation Law Supplement New York State Department of Labor p 14 1940 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning A mechanic who tested a large number of automobile motore each day in an ventilated room became blind as a result of optic neuritis The Industrial Board found that the blindness resulted from exposure to toxic amounts of CO from running motors and that the claimant's condition was an occupational disease covered by this paragraph The finding was affirmed Any and All Occupational Discases The following diseases were hold compens- able under this paragraph Arthritis traumatic of the wrist suffered by pressor who used a 12 lb. iron traumatization being causebdy the repeated pressure involved Award was based on the proportionate loss of the use of a the hand Bronchial asthma suffered by an automobile spray painter Bronchitis complicated with asthma contracted by a tunnel worker Bell's palsy suffered by the driver of an open truck and attributed to exposure to drafts cold and wind necessitated by his employment Dupuytren's contrac- tion sustained by a marble polisher required to tighten and loosen clamps 704 Slight Deviution from Duty Annotations p 29 Workmen's Compensation Law , South Dakota 1941 Not every slight deviation from an employe's duty will deprive him.or his dependents of their right to compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Law There is a distinction between negligently doing an authorized act and doing an un- authorized act employe of his risk of injury or one beyond the employe's job The first does not deprive the right to compensation whereas the latter does If the injury or is incidental to employment the right to compensation follows Stratton v Interstate Fruit Co. 47 D. 452 199 N.W. 117 Remember the Mecting Nov. 12-13 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 5 705 Disease Injury by Accident Annotations p 26 Workmen's CompensatiLoanw , South Dakota 1941 Encephalitis causing sudden collapse of a district manager after unusual exertion exposure and exhaustion was held to constitute injury by accident Hanzlik v Interstate Power Co. 67 S.D. 289 N.W. 589 NOTE It has been called to our attention by one of our member companies that in item 427 June 1941 issue of the Digest relating to the recent enactment in the State of Washington of Chapter 235 1941 the wording is so framed as to be apt to give the erroneous impression that such act did not repeal the schedule of occupational diseases previously contained in the law Sec 7679-1 of Remington's Revised Statutes and consequently that such schedule is still part of the law whorcas such act of 1941 expressly amended suid Sec 7679-1 of Remington's Re- vised Statutes to read as correctly quoted in the first paragraph of item 427 in the Digest with the consequence according to all rules of construction that the said schedule is no longer law Compensation is now payable in Washington for any such disease or infection as arises naturally and proximately out of hazardous employment this term being elsewhere defined in the statute Papors on _ ., \ Dust Gases and Goneral Industrial Hygione 706 Prevention of Silicosis Joetton Aluminium 22 575-578 579 Discussion of the use of metallic aluminum in the prevention of cerpts are given from the report in the Reichsarbeitblatt vol An extensive bibliography is given November 1940 silicosis Ex- 20 No. 26,1940 707 Mineralogical Examination of the Silicosis Question Jahrbuch d Preuss Gool Landosanstalt Berlin 59 H.J. Helmers and Udluft 727-754 1939 German Scricite kaolin and feldspar were the most important substances found in the lung of a tained an silicotic important miner There was no quartz quantity of colloidal silicic However the wash liquor acid The authors think con- that the pH is most important in dissolving the silica in the tissues and so correspondingly it plays an important part in determining the course of the disease The dissolved substances correspond to the chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of the body either eliminated without harm or produc- ing callosities by precipitating out from silicic acid 708 Structural Examination by Roentgen Rays of Pneumoconiotic Lungs of Porcelain Workers Part 4. H. Gartner Arch f Gewerbepath 10 151-163 1940 German Roentgen and chemical findings are presented of the dust seen in the lungs of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite worker Kaolin and quartz lines were seen and every case in which dust was found quartz was also shown by chemical analysis The author states .... the diagram interference rings of kaolin were to be found preponderantly or even alone and further that therefore it is obvious to say that the sillimanito and kaolin may give silicosis without essential admixture of quartz . 709 The Question of Serial Examinations of Workers Exposed to Dust by Means of Miniature Roentgenograms E. Saupe Arch 1. Gowerbepath 10 93-96 1940 German . It is possible to examine many men in a short time with miniature film -- the size most frequently used is 24 sq.mum 0.95 sq.in. Second stage silicosis is easily seen with certainty and first stage can usually be recognized if the technic is perfect The method must be improved and should be follwed by large films in suspicious cases Digest of Industrial Hygiene > 6 710 Silicium Silicates Silicosis W. Giese Klin Wohnschr 19 558-560 1940 German Rabbits were injected intravenously with finely ground silicato dusts clay feldspar sericite Deposits of the dust were found in the spleen livor and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue Opal amorphous silicic acid was also injected and the results were large deposits of dust with many giant cells but no fibrous tissue Opal is more soluble than quartz therefore the conclusion is made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the producing substance alone Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis Dust taken from markedly silicotic lungs was also injected and this again produced silico- sis A decrease in the amount of the injected dust could not be found The author was able to show the formation of a covering characteristic of asbesto- sis bodies by foldspar sericite and also opal but in the smallest particles only in the collules He concludes that dissolved silicic acid but not the quartz may produce this covering Quartz shows no morphologically demonstrable appearance of dissolution in the tissue the dust deposited in callosities re- tains its fibrous producing effect 711 Pulmonary Cancer Produced by Asbestos Dust in Experimental Animals M. Nordmann and A. Sorge Zeitschr f Krebsforsch 51 168-182 1941 German Experimental work with mice inhaling asbestos dust over a period of from 47 to 90 days for 3-1 to 5 hours a day produced asbestosis bodies and prnounced de- groes of diffuse fibrosis after the 20th week Proliferation of the bronchial epithelium was found such hyperplasia encroaching on neighboring alveoli This was followed by a metaplasia to pavement epithelium with cornification which later seemed to be a transition to malignant neoplasm The first developed carcinoma was found after 240 days By this time only 10 of the mice had sur- vived and 2 carcinomas were found among them In the first series 33 of 50 mice lived metaplasia longer than and cancer 6 weeks 14 showed abnormal growth of the opithelium5 In the second series 28 of 50 lived more than 6 weeks 16 showed abnormal growth 5 motaplasia and cornifying cancer 712 A Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis Accompanied byTuberculosis H. Hannesson Tubercle 22 40-44 February 1941 During the period 1933-1939 inclusivo there were 90 known deaths in Great Britain of which 32 were associated with tuberculosis from This asbestosis reports the case of 44 year old man who had been an asbestos blower supplying the mater- ial to a cleaning machine Although supplied with a respirator he had never worn it He was thin had a high temperature emphysema and bilateral crepita- tions over wide areas Clubbing of the fingers was marked and the sputum con- tained both asbestosis bodies and tubercle bacilli The roentgenogram showed widespread progressive nodular tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in all zones of the right lung fields and in the upper and zonos of the left lung fields The right dome of the diaphragm was elevated There was no radio- graphic evidence of pneumoconiosis A diagnosis of asbestosis and tuberculosis was made The patient died within a month of spontaneous pneumothorax Pulmon- ary findings showed both to have extensive caseous tuberculosis with cavi- tation macroscopically they wore like those of pure tuberculosis Microscopic- ally there was revealed scous tuberculoswiitsh many tubercle typical reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura bacilli and There is a dis- cussion of the diagnosis of the pure and complicated disease Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting Pittsburgh Nov. 12-13 Digest of Industrial Hygiene in 7 713 714 The Lungs of Coal Miners in New South Wales Chemical Analysis and Pathology C. Eadham and H.B. Taylor Studies in Ind Hyg No. 20. Report for year ended December 31st 1939. Health Dept. New South Wales A report of findings in a study of the lungs of 30 miners and other workers in the mines of New South Wales A brief case report is given for each individual including occupational history gross and microscopic pathology in the lung cardiovascular and other complications and chemical analysis of the lung The findings are tabulated but analysis of the data is postponed for a later monograph The authors state their views as to the formation of coal dust nodulos which they regard as taking origin at the same site as the early silicotic nodule but owing to their more diffuse nature they early surround and include the terminations of respiratory bronchioles They raise the question as to how far this reaction is duo to the inert dust and how far to the small amount of free silica which accompanies it They also believe that very little of the dust breathed finds its way into the interstitial tissue of the lungs and that very little of the relatively insoluble dust is eliminatebdy solution or by the lymphatics Miners Lung Pneumoconiosis Silicosis Anthracosis An Analysis of 227 Casos C.C.Gill Military Surgoon 38 264-882 1941 Cases of pneumoconiosis have been collected from the records and rays of a large Veterans hospital for tuberculosis Of the total 227 cases 142 are con- sidered as 1st 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis 54 as 1st 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis with tuberculosis and a final grouopf 31 cases on which autopsy was performed These seven categories are divided according to age group and to years spent in mining In all cases of simple pneumoconiosis sputum samples were consistently negative rays of one patient with 3rd stage pneumoconiosis were taken over a period of 9 years with no progression visible on the plate although the symptoms increased in severity A large number the men had had comparatively short exposures although one was as long as 48 years Of the 31 autopsies 21 showed no tuberculosis and the cause of death in most or all of these was a disease other than pneumoconiosis Three cases diagnosed as pneumo- coniosis showed no silicosis at autopsy There is a discussion of diagnosis 715 Study of Dust Conditions in the State Mining Districotf Oklahoma Kansas and Missouri C.C. Dills Am J. Pub Health 31 pp 619-629 June 1941 A study of surface and underground dust conditions in the Ficher District has been in progress for 8 months 1366 surface dust samples were taken at 11 sta- tions The worst average dust concentration in the area was found million particles and the average for all counts was 1 million per to be 3.3 cu ft Con- trol stations outside the field gave an average count of 0.35 million particles Medical studies are still being conducted so that safe limits can be set Dust conditions in mines that had a routine sampling service were found to be better than in mines without this service The average dust count for drillers in the latter was 6.6 million particles compared with 1.6 million for the former mines The average dust counts for shovelers were 4.3 and 2.7 for mines without and with sampling servicos Collaring holes dry was found to be the worst source of dust Dust control measures include wetting muck piles work- ing faces and haulage ways spraying headings and drifts and mechanical loaders shooting off shift collaring holes wot and ventilation Dust sampling in confined places has indicated that where the dust control devices are applied pro- perly dust concentrations can be maintained below 5 million particles Discussion Similar results were found in 10 mines in Oklahoma Lower counts woro scen in mines with routine dust sampling than in mines without Double shift operations increase the dust problem by kooping the dust from settling Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 8 716 Control of Tuberculosis and the Employment of a Tuberculous Individual in Industry W. A. Sawyer Ind Med 10 221-226 June 1941 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directed toward the discovery of incipient disease 2. An example of this is the detection and control of tuberculosis amongst the employes of the Eastman Kodak Company where the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per 1,000 in 1940 3. A program of routine serial or annual stereoroentgenograms was mado an established procedure in 1928 4. An accurate and active follow technic is a basic requirement for the success of any effort to curb tuberculosis . 5. In study of the cost of tuberculosis among 100 of these employes average age 31 years the average time lost from work per case was 595 working days or 2 years and 15 weeks The total cost for thesc 100 cases was 406,162 or an average per case of 4,062 Private agencies bore approximately 80 of the cost while public agencies supported bore approximately 20 6 Rehabilitation of the worker after convalescence must be considered if the gains of treatment are to be maintained 7. A survey of 219 industrial organizations by E. A. Hochhauser revealed fact that 203 omployers omployed workers with arrested tuberculosis 8. The following factors must be taken into account in any consideration employment of an arrested case of tuberculosis the of the a The extent of the lesion b The completeness of the cure c The character of the job d The necessity for adequate medical supervision after return to work 9. It would seem safe to say that the employing of an arrested case of minimal tuberculosis on the proper job is not too great a risk provided such individuals are under adequate medical supervision ; 10. Discovering and arresting tuberculosis is only successful if we make it possible for the individual to once again become a wage earner 717 Infection by Tuberculosis in vent the Danger of Infection 708 1940 German Working Places Obligation of the Manager to Preof Workers Ztschr f artz Fortbild 37 707- The courts recognize the claim for compensation in cases where one worker con- tracts tuberculosis from another worker in the factory The supreme court stressed that the plaintiff need not prove the facts very strictly if there is a question of the managers having violated his duty of protecting the workmans health It is sufficient to prove that there were irregular and dangerous con- ditions 718 Report of a Study of the Granite Mica Feldspar and Foundry Industries in New Hampshire F.J. Vintinner and others N.H. pp 72 February 1941 N.H. State Board of Health Concord More of a treatise on general subject of dust control than statement of the findings in a detailed study Illustrates the difficulty of presenting a repre- sentative picture of working conditionisn an industry when conditions vary considerably from plant to plant 719 Export Opinion About Pneumoconiosis Silicosis E. Gaubatz Beitr z Klin d Tuberc 95 286-311 1940 German Only serious silicosis is compensated in Germany New connoctive tissue formation in the lungs must diminish respiratory capacity and affect the circulation so that there is a considerable decrease in bodily efficiency The author has examined respiratory and cardiovascular function in 300 silicotics in the past five years Thirteen cases and their conclusions are referred to in detail Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9 720 Silicosis and Tuberculosis II Critical Examination of Roentgenograms Differential Diagnosis Between Silicosia and Other Pulmonary Discases 1941 German E.Gaubatz Dtsch Tuberk 15 32-40 A presentation of good description and reproductions of ray films of at different stagos Discussions of differential diagnosis are given silicosis illustrat- ing the differences in films of silicosis tuberculosis miliary tuberculosis cardiac lung and carcinoma 721 _ Subcutaneous Injections of Oxygen in Therapy of Lesions of Respiratory Organs Caused by Irritating Gases I.Y. Sosnovik Sovetsk Mod No. 19 p 22. 1940 . Russian bronchiolitis A report of 61 cases of toxic bronchitis bronchiolitis and broncho pneumonia caused by irritant gases and treated with subcutaneous injections of oxygen Among the cutaneous irritants were nitric oxygen was introduced acid phosgene chlorine and chlorpicrin Subin amounts varying from the initial dose of 200 cc to 1000 cc every other day in cases of pneumonia and broncho pneumonia 1000 cc was injected daily There was an immediate improvement subjectively followed by diminution of cough the sonsation of tightness in the chest dyspnea and the amount of sputum It is also of value as a supplementary measure in the treatment of acute and subacute bronchitis caused by irritating gases 722 Disabling Sickness Among 2,000 White Male Glass Workers W.M. Gafafer Public ; Health Reports 56 1791-1799 September 5 1941. This report deals with sickness and industrial injuries causing disability lasting 8 calendar days or longer among approximately 2,000 white male workers in the glass industry during the 5 years 1930-34 The frequency of diability by broad diagnosis groups compares favorably with that experienced by 170,000 male industrial workers The number of days of disability because of rheumatic diseases grippe ability workers was over 50 greater than the number accounted for by influenza and Grinders outside workers and finishers experienced frequency dis- and severity rates well above the average for the entire groups of It is of interest to observe that the outside workers show all three indexes to be relatively high for either the respiratory or the respiratory disoasos Finishers on the other hand show indexes below the average for the entire group of workers with respect to respiratory diseases but above the average for the respiratory diseases Grinders yield indexes above the average with respect to respiratory diseases and while this occupational group experienced a low frequency of respiratory diseases the disability and severity rates were above the average for the entire group of workers Batch mixers furnace and casting workers show a relatively low frequency of respiratory dis- cases but a long average duration of cases 723 Catching the Dust from a Hammer Mill O.C. Ralston and J.E. Conley U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 3538 1941 A dust catcher designed for use with a hammer mill is described and illustrated This type of mill probably exceeds all other types of crushers in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air This arises from the fact that the action of a hammer mill is closely analagous to that of a fan or blower This emission of dust around a hammer mill is checked by means of a bag enclosed within a closed supporting frame that is provided with a flap door to permit the placing of a container to catch the crushed material A pipe directs the air current from the top of the frame to a large can that contains the bag This bag in turn rests in a wire net The wire not is enough smaller than the can so that a in annular ring remains around the net This detail prevents the suction of the blower from sealing the bag against the wall of the can About 99 per cent of the dust is caught by this bag and another beg - on the blow- or - finishes the job Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 10 724 Public Opinion Demands Removal of Dust from Cement Plants Anonymous Concrete Cement Mill Ed 49 214-216 August 1941 A discussion of the various modern types of dust control equipment availabe for cement mill installation According to the author a known cement plant superintendent .... public demands the discontinuance of dusty conditions within a coment plant and in the atmosphere around a cement plant if it happens to be located in or near a city or town or in a rich farming community He has seen this public attitude developing and growing all through his 25 years of experience in cement manufacturing operations 725 Ignorance is no Excuse L.R. Bloomenthal Heating Piping and Air Cond 13 564-566 September 1941 . With prolonged hours of operation and a constant influx of new workerduse to the demands of the defonse program and the general rise in business activity industrial health hazards are likely to increase particularly in those plants where gases dusts and fumes result from manufacturing processes The author an attorney cites a number of specific cases which have come up in various states in this brief review of the subject His selection of the material brings out a number of the legal principles involved 726 Resolutions of the German Commission on Protective Devices Against Dust Arbeitsschutz p 407 1941 German Protective devices were tested by the committee for insurance associations The results on 13 devices the dust together protection of the with descriptions and illustrations are given 727 Roentgen Findings of the Lungs in Mycosis Fungoides J. Werth Arch f Derm u Syph 181 The appearance more fibrosis 299-314 1940 German of the rays in these cases seem like silicotic than usual and coarsely mottled The disease lungs with begins in the lungs with a characteristic enlargement of th hilus spreading out along the vessels to give a picture of increased fibrosis 728 Hydrogen Phosphide Poisoning I. Animal Experiments on Acute and Subacute Poison- ing W. M^...ller Arch exptl Path Pharmakol 195 184-193 1940 German In atmospheres containing 400,000 or more of hydrogen phosphide rabbits wore injured or prolbo y n progloe ngd ed exposure The intoxication is cumulative and the prognosis is unfavorable All important organs are congested The worst damage is suffered by the respiratory tract liver and kidneys 729 Occupational Dangers from Hydrogen Sulfide 215-217 1941 German A discussion of the different health hazards ing conjunctivitis etc. There are reports background of this industrial disease and a G. Rodenacker Med Klin 37 of hydrogen sulfide -- acute poisonof interesting cases the historical discussion of theory 730 Order of the German Minister of Labor Regarding the Protection of Spray Paint- ors March 6 1940. Reichsgesundheitsbl 15 383-384 1940 The terms of reference of the insurance association for fine mechanical and cloctric technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray painting are published Spraying large pieces and standing inside the spray booth the paintor Can be protected only by supplied apparatus This must fulfil the following requirements among others Compressed air supplied to the workers from the main factory source must be cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filters the compressed air must be delivered in a single line to the worker's bench and hero it must be separated into spraying and breathing tubes A mask or cap may be used but the stream of air must not go directly to the workers faco Automatic regulation and hosting of the air are not always necessary Digest of Industrial Hygiene ~ 11 731 - Toxicology of Explosion Gases Baum Z. ges Schiess Sprengstoffw 35 181-182 1940 German Explosion gases can be divided into 3 groups with respect to their toxicological action 1 very poisonous CO nitrous gases cyanogen compounds H2S 2 fairly poisonous nitriles CO2 3 poisonous Hydrocarbons N H OThe amounts of CO found in the explosion gases from several explosives are picric acid 61.05 TNT 57.01 nitrocellulose powder 46.87 carbonite 36.0 explosive gelatin 34.0 and ammonal 23.74 Toxicological action is described for CO nitrous gases and HCN The physiological action of explosion gases cannot be calculated from the toxicity of their components since these are not additive but synergistic 732 Relation Between Carbon Monoxide Concentration in Air and Carbon Monoxide Hemoglobin Content J. May Arch f Gewerbepath 10 97-105 1940 German . Three charts are shown one depicting the formation of hemoglobin in man over various periods of time if the inhaled CO concentration is between 0.01 and % and if the person is sitting walking or working the second one illustrates the hemoglobin curves in man sitting walking working for CO concen- trations from 0.01-0.07 the third chart shows the decrease of hemoglobin when the person inhaled pure air these are based upon the author's self exper- iments If the time during which an individual was working in CO air the time elapsed between his removal and the globin of the sample are all known taking of the blood sample and the hemo- the approximate concentration to which he , was exposed can be estimated 733 Photocolorimetric Determination of Fluorine in the Air with Zirconium M.M. Raines and S.V. Kazachkova J. Applied Chem U.S.S.R. 13 153-156 Russian with French summary . Troat samples of air containing fluorine with 0.5 cc cach of alizarin indi- cator 3 N H2SO4 and 3 N HCl in a volumetric flask Add water to the mark heat rapidly to boiling under a reflux condenser fluorine with the photocolorimeter and To cool prepare the After 10 min determine indicator mix equal volumes NO3 of Zr 0.78 gm per 100 cc of water and Na alizarinsulfonate 0.17 gm per 100 cc of water If interfering substances are present fluorine should be dis- H SiF6 tilled as distillate from the solution should be treated again after addition as above For of the above reagents and the the determination of fluorine a standard curve should be constructed by using various amounts of fluorinecan solution of known concentration By this method 0.001-0.002 mg of fluorine can be determined 734 An Improved Air Sampling Device for Field Work F.H. Van Tech Paper No. 2 Illinois Dept. of Labor April 1941 A unit for sampling air for large impingors is described containing pump flowmeter and impinger rack Atta and C.H. McClure It consists of a case 735 Preservation of Health in the Rubber Industry F. Warnecke Zbl f Gowerbenyg 28 1-19 1941 German An interesting description of the health hazards in the rubber industry and their prevention Benzene und other solvents especially are discussod and some interesting facts about the dangers of Buna artificial rubber production arc brought to light The escaping vapors especially of styrol irritate the skin Individual processes and methods of decreasing their dangers are ro- ported and there are a large number of illustrations Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and --- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12 . 736 Mine Safety and Accident Prevention R. Boone Mines Mag 31 61-5 February 1941 This paper is one of a installments November series covering the subject of mine safety and December 1940 and January 1941 most In previous of the con- sideration is given to accidents with statistica cost figures safety rules explosive and electrical hazards and gas and dust explosions This paper deals with gas and dust hazards The various gases found in mines known to miners as blackdamp firedamp whitedamp afterdamp and stinkdamp are described and their effects and preventive measures are discussed Blackdamp is the gas most usually present and consists of carbon dioxide nitrogen and oxygen in various are quantities and its effects those of oxygen deficiency Whitedamp is carbon monoxide and afterdamp consists of carbon monoxide added to the constituents of blackdemp Firodump is any inflammable gas mostly methane and stinkdamp is hydrogen sulfide The known facts of the dust hazard are presonted rather brief- ly but adequately including the principal results of animal experimentation The growth of the silicosis racket has been due to a concerted effort to hide the facts and to take as fow preventive measures as possible Health problems in the mining industry should be handled essentially as have safety problems and cooperation between the management the engineer and the physician is necessary in order to solve them employment examinations individual susceptibility safe dust concentrations and preventive measures are discussed In the March issue suggestions for reducing accidents are given and in the concluding in- stallment May 1941 safety organizations rules and syst of e rem pors ts are considered 737 Air Douches as Means of Air Conditioning Warm Workrooms W. Liese Glastech- nische Bor 19 119-125 April 1941 German This article presents the results of the author's experiments carried out in a glass plant to determine the effect of heat radiation on the skin of the face at different temperatures and the effectiveness of air douches for alleviating disagreeable effects of heat radiation See Abstract No.209 March 1940 758 Fog Formation in Working Chambers of Pneumatic Caissons 0. K. Froehlich Ingeriur 55 B93-95 June 14 1940 German This is an account of an investigation of the cause of fog formation in the work- ing chambers of pneumatic caissons Preventive measures are discussed at con- siderable length 739 Local Cooling of Workers in Hot Industry F.C. Houghten and others Heating Piping & Air Cond 13 462-465 July 1941 This paper discusses a study of two methods of local cooling applications the results boing limited to atmospheric conditions of approximately 50 relative humidity and cither a 2500 frm blast of cool air from a in nozzle located close to the worker or a cool air supply of approximately 20 cfm through a fitting coverall suit The study shows conclusively that workers may be kept free from body temperature rise excessive increase in pulse rate and from perspiration with either a blast of cool air or by ventilating their clothing with cool air 740 Spirochetosis Icterohemorrhagica as an Occupational Disease Etienne Med du travail 12 97-133 1940 French In recent years this diseuse has appeared in only four mines with 31 cases two of which were fatal The disease only appeared in mines harboring infected rats For prevention the author proposes eradication of rats acidification of mine mud prohibition of eating in mines supplying pure drinking water hygiene of the mines and compulsory reporting of spirochetosis Digest of Industrial Hygiene 13 741 Industrial Health -- A Medical Opportunity C.M. Peterson Virginia Med Monthly 68 67-70 1941 Industrial medicine should occupy a greater part of medical education Physi- cians should take a greater interest in workers health -- it would be of advan- tage to them to the worker and to the community The widespread adoption of workmen's compensation legislation makes it imperative for physicians to recog- nize and report industrial discases Medical are organizing committees for the improvement societics both state and local and dissemination of such work in their communities To achieve the best results all groups public and private should collaborate 742 Importance of Constitution and Race in the Origin of Occupational Diseases N.V. Jagic and H. Seyfried Med Klin 51 1411-1413 1940 German This is a discussion of the differences between occupational discases that are entirely independent of the personality and disposition to illness diseases caused by heredity and constitution and discases depending on constitution and special disposition but finally becoming manifest by environmental influences The authors stress the importance of constitution and race citing examples such as that asthenic persons have a higher susceptibility to poisons and to joint injury by pneumatic tools and that pyknic persons have a higher suscepti- bility to dust diseases Consideration of race and constitutional type are of value not only in giving expert opinions on occupational diseases but also in prevention 743 Organic Angina Pectoris Electrica S. Koeppen Munch med Wohnschr 87 1289-1292 November 22 1940 German The author concludes that an electric injury to the heart can be accepted only if the accident is immediately followed by cardiac disturbances but that anatomically demonstrable changes cannot be expected because the current acts for only an extremely short time He states that 15 of his 93 cases presented the aspects of organic angina pectoris electrica This disorder is due to an impairment of the stimulus conduction system that is of the formation of the stimulus as well as of its course Electrocardiographically the disorder pre- sents itself 1 as a coronary insufficiency 2 as an auricular fibrillation and 3 as disturbances in the conduction of the stimulus He regards electri- cal angina pectoris as a result of direct electrical action on the cardiac con- duction system 744 Prophylaxis of Throat Infection R.E. King Brit Med J. 1 154-155 Febru- ary 1 1941 In an effort to reduce the incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract produced in overcrowded air raid shelters a throat spray of 15-20 sodium hypochlorite was employed A remarkable reduction in acute and subacute streptococcic throat infections was noted in the incidence severity and duration of There common was practically no difference colds in treated and untreated groups The favorable results have an obvious industrial significance 745 Peripheral Vascular Disease in Industry B.T. Horton Virginia Med Monthly 68 131-137 March 1941 Workers with peripheral vascular disease especially angitis obliterans must be given work which will complications and amputation tremities into functional and not aggravate the disease and lead to serious Dividing peripheral arterial diseases of the ex- organic groups Raynaud's disease and arterio- sclerosis obliterans are the couionest There is also a discussion of mechanical devices used in treatment Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14 746 Spirochetal Jaundice Weils Disease N. Bloom and H. Walker Virginia Med Monthly 63 192-200 April 1941 Seven instances of Weils disease are presented with autopsy findings in the five fatal cases The authors believe there was an occupational factor in only one case that of a junk dealer who may have come in contact with rats during his work Interstitial nephritis was the most common and by far the most impor- tant pathological change -cases are probably mistaken the for authors consider it catarrhal jaundice the The cause of syndrome death Many of acute fever with generalized aching and tenderness of the body and jaundice should suggest Weils disease --- the differential diagnosis being aided by the presence of mus- cular pains and kidney involvement . 747 Military Explosives G.D. Rogers Nat Safety Nows 44 22-23 77-80 July 1941 A discussion of the methods for controlling accident and health hazards in explosives manufacturing and ammunition loading plants The manufacture and use of Tetryl a booster used to insure high order detonations of bomb and shell fillers has a real health hazard associated with it The toxic effects of the vapors from the sulphanators nitrator and recrystallizers and the effects of the crystalline tetryl itself are all dangerous Its effects are similar to those of TNT TNI amatol ether benzol ammonia carbon tetrachloride and many other toxic substances are used in the explosives industry 748 Reduce Noise in Steel Foundry Cleaning Room A.H. Allen Foundry 69 60-61 143 September 1941 It has been estimated by the National Noise Abatement Council that daily losses in industry because of excessive noise amount to approximately 2,000,000 The loss is measured in terms of lessened effective effort by workmen subjected to continuous loud noise This article recounts a program to rearrange a foundry and erect an entirely new cleaning room which would take advantage of the latest ideas in the technique of foundry noise absorption Many producing operations were housed in acoustically treated booths and the interior of the building including walls and roof was treated completely with acoustic material Expressions have already been received from the workmen indicating their approval of the noise reduction methods which have been instituted Management is convinced that the expenditure will certainly be translated into more effi- cient and faster operations in the plant 749 Dust Control System Design Installation and Operation from the Commonsense Standpoint Points to be F.F. Kravath Heat & Vent 38 28-31 gained from installation of an effective June 1941 exhaust system well de- signed and maintained are emphasized The advice of an export or consultant should be employed wherever possible There is a discussion of the importance of maintaining standards and of giving physical examinations 750. Lighting and Efficiency E. Kammerer Zbl f Gewerbehyg , 28 33-40 1941 Increasing German Increasing the intensity of illumination increases visual acuity but beyond a cortain intensity this is very slight Intensity must correspond to the fineness of the work but the direction from which the light enters the field of work is also important Blinding by the light and by the reflections from the work is to be avoided Mercury and sodium lights may be of use since color is sometimes of importance Examples are given of the economy of better illumination Remember the Mecting Nov. 12-13 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 15 751 Industrial Industrial Health Defense How Ventilation W.C.L. Plant Engineers Can Make Hemeon Heating Piping Field & Air Measurements of Cond 13 22-28 . are 1941 Apparatus for making field measurements of airflow in industrial exhaust equip- mont is described Chemical smoke producers for tracing leaks or direction of air movement discussed and illustrated as are the tube mancmeter and the pitot tube for measuring velocities Also shown is a carrying case for these instruments 752 The Prevention and Treatment of Affections Occurring in the Magnesium Industry of N. Hypher Practitioner 146 92-99 February 1941 Some of the occupational exposures resulting in the production and processing of magnesium are discussed Brief references are made to magnesium dust and pneumoconiosis bichromate baths used in treating magnesium castings sulfur dioxide magnesium fluoride and exposure to rays in inspection of castings The treatment ailments resulting from the several exposures is given in detail 753 Injusies and Damage to the Ear by Explosion and Sound A. Greifenstein Munch ned Wchnschr 1345 13501940 German The subject of injurios to is reviewed War injuries the are ear by acute discussed in and chronic occupational influences detail damage from firing one shot by the effect repeated firing in a short time noise in flying and noise from motors and propellors 754 Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases by the General Medical Practitioner D. C. Straus Ill Med J. 79 247-251 March 1941 This is the first of a series of articles by the Director of Industrial Hygiene Illinois Department of Labor intended to acquaint the general practitioner with the problem of occupational discases Specific hazards will be dealt with later Attention is directed to the need for getting a complete occupational history 755 Industry Must Accept Obligation to Protect Eyesight of Workers M. Davidson Concrete Cement Mill Ed 49 184-185 June 1941 There are two aspects to the obligation of industry to safeguard its workers One is to make the environment safe for the worker by eliminating hazards eyes causing accidents and the dusts fumes intoxications and poor illumination responsible for occupational diseases Much has been accomplished in this con- nection The other aspect that of making the worker safe for himself his worker and industry has not yet received the recognition it deserves It involves proper vocational guidance and advice for the applicant with irremediable defective eyesight and for the worker who has acquired it in the course of his employment A survey of the incidence of true defective eyesight among the industrial population in terms of its most important element visual acuity indicates about 14 to 18 with most probably less than one half serious ; . defectives 756 New Theories Concerning the Origin of Myopia K. Lindner Klin Monatsbl f Augenheil p 582 1939 German The author presents his concept that myopia may be acquired by working at range in opposition to the concept of Steiger prevailing today that it always inherited The occupational implications of this proposition are close is obvious : Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting Pittsburgh Nov. 12-13 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 16 757 Otitis Media in Compressed Air Workers Treatment with Oxygen Mixtures W.H. Requarth J.A.M.A. 116 1766-1769 April 19 1941 This condition was originally described in aviators but is found quite often in compressed air workers as well Obstruction of the Eustachian tube is the pri mary cause and is most often due to upper respiratory infections Pathologically there is deformity and hyperemia of the tympanic membrane and serbus or sanguineous exudate in the middle ear Clinically there is tinnitus earache and impairment of hearing Perforation of the drum with subsequent suppuration is the most frequent complication with occasional permanent impairment of hear- ing employment estimates are useful in eliminating those who are predisposed to upper respiratory infections in correcting defects thay may contribute to repeated infections and not allowing an individual to work while suffering from a respiratory infection Treatment with helium is outlined Health Conditions in the Glass Industry Pluhar Arbeitsschutz 11-15 1941 Several months ago a paper appeared on the health hazards of glass workers The author an employe of the insurance association of the glass industry now pub- lishes data from the association's material He charts curves on the frequency of lead poisoning CO poisoning and cataract on the reported and compensated cases As only such cases are compensated which cause death or a disability for more than 13 wecks it is to be understood that the figures are small especial- ly concerning compensated Pb and CO poisoning cases From 1926-1939 408 cases of cataract had been compensated but the compensation law has been retroactifvoer several years bottle manufacture a fact that 92 of these cases arose in hollow ware and is easily understood since it is also true that cataract is found only in certain districts because of the particular type of operation districts so that exposure of the It is unfortunate that eyes to radiation is different in different the author does not present figures on sili- cosis which is the most important occupational disease he remarks only that 60 of the dust which upon which cases developed in contains up to 50 the author touches making pots and tubs as a result of inhaling clay free silica There are other less common diseases , . briefly 759 _ Xorosis of the Cornca among Glass Blowers H.M. Kiparisov Vestnik Oftal 17 1-2,100 1940 Russian The routine examination of 600 glass workers showed that 14.6 of them had- ocular disturbances Of these 1.3 had cataract but the relation between their work and the lenticular opacities were not definite because these workers were all over 40 years of age Conjunctival hyperomia found in 11.6 of the workers cleared up 2 or 3 hours after work One man who worked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm The deleterious effect of light and hoat in this industry is indicated by 8 cases of xorosis Two cases of optic neuritis could be attributed to the effect of ultra violet rays The author urges that workers have their eyes examined before entering the industry and that the administrative department be charged with the responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic measures Papers on Industrial Poisons Cancer Dermatitis etc. 760 Focal Infection and Occupational Eczema F. Koch Arch.f.Dermat u Syph 180 47-50 1940 Focal infection is healthy persons -- of the therapy was tions the removal German frequent both in persons with occupational eczema and in no etiological relationship could be established The success the same in eczematous patients with and without focal infec- of the foci was without effect on the eczema Digest of Industrial Hygiene 17 761 Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Occupational Diseases of the Skin G. Hopf of Zeitschr f artz Fortbild 38 33-38 1941 German The importance the occupational factor may be doubted and individual aspects considered if a skin disease continues more than six months ceasing work Negative skin tests are not always proof that there is no causal relationship between the discase and the occupation Positive tests are important but not inspection necessarily a proof In diagnosis and prevention andworker are important of work workroom 762 Pathogenesis of Hypersensitivity to Flour and Persulfate in Flour Workers H.A.E. van Dishoeck and D.J. Roux Arch f Dermatol u Syph 181 34-40 1940 German A discussion of the significance of flour and persulfate allergy and their im- portance in the origin of bakers miller with rhinitis vasomotoria and millers diseas^ s Nearly every baker and asthma and eczema show a positive reaction to flour Epithelial persulfate allergy is positive only in bakers suffering with florid eczema in a portion of the casos But German authors found positive per- sulfate reactions in 75-80 of the eczematous bakers The authors stress the point that flour allergy is acquired by inhalation the skin irritation from wet flour water etc. promotes the development of persulfate allergy 763 Value of Skin Tests in Recognizing and Preventing Occupational Dermatosis F. Koch Wien med Wohnschr 91 6-9 1941 German Skin diseases which are apparently occupational in etiology may be shown to be caused by substances not used in the patient's work Early recognition of the cause is also useful in preventing a sensitivity from becoming polyvalent It is imperative to make the skin test with the actual substance used in the plant not with a substance of the same name Variability in the results of tests and the dermatoses caused by friction eczema of masons must be kept in mind 764 A New Industrial Skin Cleanser L. Schwartz Pub Health Repts 56 1788-1790 September 5 1941 Harsh skin cleansers have frequently been found to be the cause of dermatitis rather than the materials being handled or manufactured This is especially true of materials hard to remove from the skin A milder and yet effective skin cleanser is composed of a sulfonated oil either animal or vegetable a wetting agent and optionally a small amount of trisodium phosphate or sodium hexameta phosphate This cleanser has been very useful in cases of eczema and defatted skins in which olive oil was previously used as a cleanser It has also been _ used in cases of atopic eczema in children 765 Sudden Appearance of an Occupational Eczema Among Most of the Workers in a New Division of a Chemical Plant Scandinavian J. Rochstead Nordisk Mod 9 982-986 1941 Eczema appeared among the workers in an experimental laboratory after using nitrodiphenylamine The affected men gave positive results with epicutancous tests During illness sensitivity improved and normal persons were easily sen- sitized Urethan ointment decreased the effect of the chemical 766 Spinner's Cancer E.M. Brockbank Brit Med J. pp 622-623 April 26 1941 Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing 150 spinners with epithelioma of the scrotum Over 80 were on the left side The spindles throw oil onto the men's clothing and boing of a mineral carcinogenic typo readily produces skin cancers Poriodic examinations are of the utmost importance Substitution of harmless oils is suggested  -Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 18 767 Toxic Effects of Iroko J.M. Davidson Lancet 1 38-39 1941 Great Britain Description of severe freshly sawed planks dermatitis in most of the 50 men who handled iroko logs or Nine men had severe symptoms some appearing within 1-2 hours including itching of exposed parts as well as of tho genitals axilla back of knee etc. In some men edema of the face ocular irritation and blepharo- spasm developed Chest constriction cough and other respiratory manifestations wore other symptoms Four to 5 weeks were required to clear up the trouble Only two of the men had developed sensitivity to other wood Iroko is the common and trade name for Chlorophora excelsa also known technically as mvule odum and kambala it comes from East and West Africa 768 Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Occupation in Texas Review of 1569 Veri- fied Lesions Occurrinign 1190 Persons C. Phillips Texas State J. Med 36 613-616 1941 This is an analysis of a study by the U.S. Public Health Service as to the inci- dence of occupational cutaneous cancer in Texas over a 20 year period In the , order of frequency the lesions were basal cell opithelioma squamous cell epithalioma transitional cell epithelioma adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous glands fibrozanthosarcoma and epithelioma in sebaceous sweat or cysts The occupations in the ordeorf size are outdoor work farming and ranching house- tives various business activities requiring moderate outdoor life professions laborers and carpenters railroad and petroleum workers All but 12.2 of the lesions were traced to occupation A study of 123 melanomas showed no relation to occupation 769 Asphalt as an Antigen R. Klunder Dtsch med Wehnschr 66 1422-1424 1940 German Report of a case of bronchial asthma in Danish street worker while using asphalt oil This substance is a product of creosote derived from coal distillation and has nothing to do with asphalt Another case is mentioned showing susceptibility to bitumen 770 Arsenic and Goitre G.R. Sharpless and M. Metzger J. Nutrition 21 341-346 April 10 1941 Arsenic can act as a positive goiterogenic substance in rats Iodine can reduce this goiterogenic action as well as the toxicity of small amounts of arsenic Ingestion of arsenic may double the iodine requirement Arsenic may exert its goiterogenic effect indirectly by interfering with some of the normal oxidation reduction systems perhaps by combining with sulphydryl groups or some other way Coll oxidation is hindered in this way and the thyroid is stimulated in an attempt to compensate for lost oxidative capacity 771 Symptoms of Acute Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning with Special Reference to Neurologic Disturbances M. Werner Dtsch Zeitschr f Norvenheilk 151 123 137 1941 German Exposure to hydrocyanic acid gas produced unconsciousness with dyspnea The worker recovered after a day in the hospital but two days later he relapsed with hypotonia ataxia adiadochocinesis symptoms of cerebellar affection , more on the left than on the right side He had headache and disturbance of the circulation in hands and foot inner ear deafness developed four days later After about 14 weeks these symptoms disappeared There is a discussion of these symptoms and the literature on the subject Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and --- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 19 772 The Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate on Excretion of Arsenic E.T. Codar L. Zon and M.E. Klinger Vener Dis Inform 22 123-129 April 1941 The pharmacologic action of sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of arsenic poi- soning is still a controversial issue A disparity exists in the results of previous studies in this problem which might be explained on technical difficulties of arsenic analysis and the selection of subjects Ten syphilitic patients each of whom had completed an orthodox course of neoarsphenamine therapy were selected for this study Six of them received sodium thiosulfate while the re- maining four were used as controls The arsonic content of urine and feces was analyzed in those subjects over a period ranging from the 1st to the 23rd day following the completion of the course of neoarsphonamine therapy The urinary fecal or total arsenic excretion was not significantly affected by ad- ministration of sodium thiosulfate in popularly used therapeutic dosage The question as to clinical efficacy of this compounidn the poisoning might be raised as the strongest case for its based on the supposition that it mobilized the excessive treatment of arsenic clinical use has been arsenic stored in the body depots 773 Experimental Studies on Aniline Bladder Tumors S. Morigami and I. Nisimura Gann 34 146 1471940 In view of the occurrence of bladder cancer among aniline workers the authors attempted to produce the disease experimentally by toluidin and benzidine Rabbits guinea and rats were used A % solution of toluidin in olive oil was injected subcutaneously 6 times a week in 0.1 cc doses In other experiments toluidin and benzidine were dissolved in chloroform in the ratio of % and the solutions were applied to the skin of the back every other day Bladder papilloma was produced in animals receiving injections of toluidin that survived over 100 days Rabbits were especially resistant to the toxic action of the chemical and showed a high incidence of papilloma Benzidine proved more stance also ly for the toxic but when animals withstood the treatment long enough this sub- produced atypical proliferation of bladder epithelium Unfortunateproper evaluation of the experimental results numbers of animals used and of those developing papilloma are not given Hueper produced neoplastic losions of the bladder in 9 of 16 dogs treated with naphthylamine 774 The Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on the Metabolism of Lead J.B. Shields and H.H. Mitchell J. Nutrition 21 541-552 June 10 1941 1. A low content high retention of or of calcium or of phosphorus of both in the diet induced a lead in comparison with diets containing higher mineral levels In fact the only method of securing lead storage in adult rats on the moderate concentration of dietary lead used 32 p.p.m. is to lower the calcium content of the dict to inadequate or borderline levels 2. Excessive dictary levels of calcium and phosphorus are not appreciably moro protective against the assimilation of lead by the body than are levels approxi- mating the requirements This statement applies only to moderate levels of dietary lead employed 3. Under the imposed conditions and phosphorus the retention of of variable dietary concentrations of calcium calcium runs in a diametrically opposite direc- tion to the retention of load 4 Under conditions of practical nutrition an adequate intake of calcium and of phosphorus presumably protects the body against appreciable assimilation of the low levels of dietary lend involved in the usual lead hazard of modern life This protection is more effective in the adult than in the adolescent for any concentration of calcium and phosphorus possibly because the mineral meta- bgoilviesnm of the bone trabeculae is considorably less intense in the adult than in the growing organisms Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 20 775 Lead Encephalopathy in Children and Adults Clinicopathologic Study A.J. Akelaitis J. Nerv and Ment Dis 93 313-332 March 1941 The mortem study suggests that the structural changes in children and adults arc a result of edema with exudation and hyperplastic changes in the leptomeninges and endothelial cells of the blood vessels The symptoms in adults are similar to those of any brain inflammation and diagnosis rests on the presence of a lead line 776- Behavior of the Alkali Reserve and the pH of the Urine Before and After Injec- tions of Calcium and Magnesium R. Massione and B. Bareggi Med dcl Lavoro 32 65-70 1941 Italian Thirteen cases of lead poisoning were treated by injection of calcium chloride and magnesium sulfate The authors conclude that some degree of acidosis is pro- sent in all cases of lead colio The alkalino reserve increases after the in- jection of calcium and decreases after injection of magnesium sulfate No change is shown by the urine pH 777 Lead Storago Battery Manufacture in the State of Illinois G.W. Daubenspeck and C.H. McClure Div Fact Inspect Illinois Dept. of Labor Chicago Tech Paper No. 1 March 1941 A report of conditions found in industry and recommendations of needed changes in equipment and in processes Importance of air cleanliness is stressed and data from sampling with the impinger in various operations is given 778 Nicotine and Internal Secretion II Dangers to Women Workinign Tobacco Factor- ios P. Gumbrecht and A. Loeser Arch f exp Path u Pharm 195 143 151 1940 German The authors showed in a previous publication same issue pp 121-142 that the reproduction organs and the thyroid are the most sensitive of the endocrine glands to nicotine Two hundred cighty tobacco workers and 472 textile workers were investigated no difference was found although the tobacco workers complained more frequently of dysmenorrhea Overstraining combined work in fac- tory and home a long walk to work etc. probably cause symptoms referable to the thyroid which were frequently encountered 779 780 Experimental Poisoning by Selenium with Special Regard to its Effects on the Bones F.K. Bauer Arch.f.Goworbepath Arch.f.Goworbepath 10 is German Chronic poisoning of animals with selenium 117-132 1940 reported Bone changes are des- cribed and illustrated with microscopic sections Metabolic changes are shown organs The amounts of selenium found in the was very tiny Phosphine Poisoning Animal Experiments . I. Acute and Subacute Poisoning W. Miller Arch f exp Path u Pharm 195 184-193 1940 German The widespread use of insecticides which give rise to phosphine suggested these experiments It was shown that in concentrations of 40,000 death occurred after 4 hours with 50,000 after two exposures of four hours each with 100,000 after seven exposures of 4 hours each Concentrations of 200,000 could be endured for two months for four hours daily animal which had been exposed to such a concentration for increased to 70,000 at the end of five days the first died four when the concentration was hours Previous exposure had diminished the resistanco 781 T.N.T. Trinitrotoluene Ind Data Sheet No. Chem 38 National Safety Council Nat Safety News 44 38 40 September 1941 Poisoning from TNT may take place in three ways through respiration by ingestion or by absorption through the skin In addition to the systemic effects dermatitis through contact with the skin can also occur Precautions for pre- vention are outlinca -Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 21 782 Effects of Yellow Phosphorus and Arsenic Trioxide on Growing Bones and Growing Teeth C.O. Adams and B.G. Sarnat Arch Path 30 1192-1202 1940 A generalized toxic effect of both substances was observed as manifested by a reduction in the rate of weight gained and bone growth Yellow phosphorus pro- duceda band of increased density the formation of diminished resumption of cartilage matrix and bone the dentin occurred in animals receiving the yellow which was attributed to a A disturbed calcification of phosphorus and arsenic tri- oxide These studios are of theoretical interest in revealing the effects of yellow phosphorus and arsonic trioxido on two types of calcified matrix 783 Valuo of Vitamin C for Bonzone Workers 0. Libowitsky and H. Seyfried Wion klin Wohnschr 53 543-547 1940 German ~ The authors claim that in workers exposed to benzene and its homologues they often find symptoms typical of avitaminosis C. This is particularly true in the monthisn which there is a vitamin C deficiency in the food and by higher concentrations of vapors due to closed windows November to April Rumpel congestion experiments showed 6.3 positive with the highest percentages in the winter months Among the 59 cases with positive Rumpel tests were five cases with clear benzene damage in four cases the blood showed exceptionally low leucocyte counts in the fifth case there was a moderate leucopenia and anemia of high degree The cases were treated with cevitamic acid and 19 bocame negative to the Rumpel test Vitamin C may be used as a prophylactic in exposures to benzene 784 Masks for Protection Against Formaldehydo Queries and Minor Notes J.A.M.A. 116 2639 June 7 1941 The activated charcoal used in many mask canisters will absorb formaldehyde to a large degree Although heavy concentrations of formaldehyde are rare it might be better to have workers wear supplied or oxygen masks The toxic limits for formaldehyde have not been fixed although 20 p.p.m. has been suggested What is the role of employee health in industrial relations Are any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production What's now in the study of aluminum powder What are the latest legal trends What is the audit of sick absontocism showing For the answer to those and scores of other pertinent questions in the field of employee health plan to attend the Foundation's annual meeting Nov. 12-13 Air sampling 734 Arsenic and goitre therapy trioxide 770 772 782 Asbestosis lung cancer 711 with tuberculosis ; 712 Benzene and vitamin C 783 Cancer 768 skin Carbon monoxide 732 Coal miners lungs 713 Constitution | 742 Creosote 769 Dermatitis flour 762 nitrodiphenyl- amine 765 Iroko 767 role of infection 760 skin cleanser 764 skin tests 763 treatment 761 Dust control cement general hammer mill 724 749 723 Electric angina pectoris 743 Explosives military poisoning 747 Eyesight glass blowers myopia protection 759 756 755 INDEX September 1941 Fluorine determination 733 Gases explosion 731 Hoat excessive 737-739 Hydrocyanic acid 772 Hydrogen phosphide 728 Hydrogen sulfide , 729 Illumination 750 Industrial disease legal aspects 725 Industrial medicine general 741-754 Lead battery industry 777 encephalopathy 775 treatment 774-776 774-776 Magnesium health hazards 752 Mining 736 Noise excessive ear effects 753 prevention 748 Phosphine 780 Phosphorus 782 Prossure excessive 738-757 Reports dust survey 715-718 Respirators approved 726 for formaldehyde 784 Rubber industry 735 Selenium 779 Silicosis mineralogy prevention report rays 707-708-710 706 714-719 720 painting protection 730 Statistics morbidity and mortality glass workers 722758 Therapy oxygen throat injection infection 721 744 T.N.T. 781 Tobacco workers 778 Tuberculosis control 716-717 Tumors bladder 773 Vascular disease 745 Ventilation instruments 751 Weils disease 740-746 Ray miniature 709 mycosis fungoides 727