Document BO60E9XKg4v4dQk3e9NQpE0m

/-FOUNDATION FACTS Vol. I. October, 1939 Tfeto ta Jao4 monthly to auhir Awnannioo and tndo nanoeintloan afliutodima ^oMtos * a partsorM of taftoooy *04 e* omsiaotf to protoet tho hoaits of ts# IS unoa vorfeaua la hoavr industry. _No.3 gether members, and Wedne let us know* who oey wish Some member^ personnaKji! depaaiaSwK^aro no "Get Yo seating of Air Hygiene Foundatioi program, are now being sailed to Foundr d at Mellon Institute ft Slttsburghj^M&u^b&y If your invitation baa not been xjicKjjiaplease glad to issue invitations to anx associates a copies of tbs program will bmsapg^ipon request, to coll tbe program to ttfb attrition of their public relations departments if these tion's regularjmwAfiflPust. Import Theodore C. Wat a for Found Inc., vs. Sweeney a '<*K fixn of Mulliki^. <^&eS?idge, important that/Sjtt^JpwSn decided by o an occupa&&xseasQ," Mr. Waters1 issue j^twonthly Abstracts. Federal Court Legal Ccnittee has prepared case of "Grain Handling Co., er of the Baltimore law this case as,, "the most the question as to what is contained in the attached No Araistice on H The Managing Director reported at a aoetingif the Executive Com mittee of Air Hygiene Foundation In Pittsburgh on Sepfemafibjr 26 that many indus trial concerns realize that the increased Industrial tem^may increase indus trial health hazards. Soma companies overlooked that facte01n the rush of war business during the World War. Information received by thrajgmdation indicated that fcany firms will not make that mistake again, that they 01 fully aware of the importance of occupational health in periods of increased production. Un questionably, this subject will come up for discussion at`the Foundations annual meeting next month. . Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. October 17, 1939. HZFERENCZS TO BEGIHT N INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) 704 FOURTH SILI Word has be Wisconsin, of tha is^iKLl coat#3.00. Saranac lake, N. Y. Staployars* Mutual Liability ce Company of ubUshers of past procM^gs, the printing g, held in Funs, 19Mv^9 not completed un- Mtt&raj&ll be given jjKTOkJJfitncf when the volume sredApm the coaMreegcTae address above and will s? 705 FIRST ANNUAL STMPOSTUN The first annual Sympoalia Hurses will be held la Chicago October 26, 27 and 28, 1939, The naored by the Division of Industrial ^giene and the Division lag of the Department of Health, State of Illinois, boratlng organizations. The three day meeting include si ce in connection with Industrial nursing and oth "* subjects ses&pdflKWill be held in Hoorn 106, College of University of est Polk Street,- Chicago. Copies of program may be , M.H. Cronenberg, Division of lad Illinois Dopartme Publ health, Chicago, *11. SILICOSIS CLAIMS. Labor Standard t, 1939). ysls of the silieosls claims allowed b trial Conlsslon r an approximate 2-year period (1937-39) sho total of 65 claims allowed, 33 or 50.8)1 originated in foundries; 24 the ceramic indus- tries; 5 or 7.70 in tha out stone Industries and ln miscellaneous plants. The figures given do not necessarily indie silieosls hazards are more pronounced in tha industries having the highest jtffamtage of approved claims, since the extent of exposure, as represented br>)^Pia&er of persons em ployed, must be taken into consideration. 707 AH XMFORTAHT LEBAL DECISION. ' Mr. Theodore C. Waters, of the Foundation's Legal Conlttee, Has given for the benefit of members of ths Foundation tha following wmonaAm concerning a re cant decision by ths U. S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. "The case of Grain Handling Company, at al.. Appellants, v. Charles J. Sweeney and Kenneth GT*MrMarlaal. Ccmiseioner. Appellees, recently deoided by the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was an appeal involving tha construction of the ten, 'injury', within the meaning of Section 902, subsection 2 of Title 33, of the United States Code (Longshornn's Act).- Bifinsoia to Recent Literature Z The claimant, Sweenoy, bad boos ployed for twenty-fire years as a grain scooper*; the last twalrs yaars of this texm was In tha employment of tha Groin Handling Company, Inc# Bis duties exposed him to considerable quantities of alnuta partlelas of dust# In 1918 he had contracted tuberculosis but had re covered, tha disease rainlng dormant until 1934, when ha experienced difficulty in breathing, suffering a return of his foxser tuberculosis. On June 19, 1936, beconlng totally disabled, ha dlseohtlaued his caploysent and filed cloln for condensation. . "Compensation was awarded by the Coaal* mar on tha ground that his enploynent requirejf^iia to 'work in thick gra^ &%? causing tha latent tuberculosis con* _ ive', and it, before, tha injury sustained wan an qcct&N tase. "The opi ed of i tha by Judge L. Band, held that tha 1 lease. Judge Swan, .* ncurrlng, said: "TUtho to concur in tha judgnant I fraa expm whether tha Interpretation we on thi s rtually read out of lva _ eh qt as such diseases a compensable, ct, we are, tha light tent tubercu- by tha b: of dust crea1 upatlonal disease' tha particular acted 99 per cent of the mxtaMn nay never gi of laboring under tbe sau conditions for loi of tine." "Judge A.V. Band, in a separa lnlon, said in part as follows: T think it is a f of latent tuberculs grain dust. Han^soos are _ parsons are <ue&~to develop tubeScfc^os resultani^B^tlon would seat to^W'-- is, a^&Sge}* peculiar to and arisl that any condition active by vrorklag in Infix*!ty and if such working in dust the loeal disease -- that iupation."" accompanying tha aa&orandia, Mr fed that this case is the aost import our Court upon the question as to what is Its effect is to aake ccepeaseble under 'g those cases where the dhiaant has latent tube: reactivated by an exposure to any kind of dust, occupational disease statutes a&kes Xhm general statutes.* a decided by disease, statutes' Is which becomes construction of insurance (B) Papers on Dust. Dust Diseases ft General Industrial gradate 708 TBS PUBLIC HEALTH SR7XCSS IH RELATION TO IKDB9X&XAL SZGX23Z. 9.D. Jenkins. J. Roy. Inst. Pub. Bealth ft Hyg., 2, 178-86 (March 1939) (British). . It is stated that public health authorities should pay acre attention to Indus* trial hygiene than is now being done. Then, too, It la found that aa^ recruits to Industry are unfit and nore effective health aeasures are necessary. The pre sent rates of sickness aad accident pay ere found to be inadequate, especially at a tine when the worker has additional expenditures. The practice of Baking physical exalnations is cooMnded, as it brings out tbe aost important defects, but the requirements should be made to include the alnlng industry, not now covered by the laws. ` IHF Oct. 1931 WH000119 Refereneea to Racant Literature - 3, 709 THE HJBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS 07 OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE. H.7. Vaughn. Industrial Modieine, 9, 371-4 (Septmber 19p9). Public health administrative services hara pass ad through sararal distinct stages sinea their institution many years ego. The first changos vara brought about by the discorarles of Koch and Pasteur whan concepts of disease were alter ed considerably. Since then other distinct stages have developed which have depended upon the aost acute problem at the time. During the present period in creased 8tress is being laid to the control of the diseases being created by the advance of civilisation and industry. IJhat these new hazards can and should be controlled Is a foregone conclusion. <dustrial hygiene activities should be the fabric of tha th safeguards of the camninity and lasted as atmi be stressed for a short period snd^thftTx 710 THE pro; Industrial The reasons most Importon service is high < zatUaTf&Jtost oaU itBrzrojKeffacting and employees as to When this is done, other. 70S THE SMALL INDUSTRIAL PLANT. (September 1939). re medical service in mall pi but the dea on the part of mall e t medical ; tha relatively f a suitable organi st important single the education of mployars otherwise, of such a service, surmounted by some means or 711 MEDICAL SERVICES TOR er. Imduetr. Welfare, 21, 211-6, (June 1939). Adequate medical servl Industry itself by its own sornce and by the extonsio ' il hospitals. Tha author thinks it would be isxprw^ ir s ^medical men to be given advisory and ancu3 duties within the an present medical service has been broug^e to large factories includes only 194 of thej^^s?57^Ct is possible that in group systems can be PHYSICAL EXAMINATION PROGRAM. pn of Wisconsin, .son. Bulletin, 22 pp* (1939). ) [n recognition of the fact that physical exantnati part second only to engineering control la the improvement of industrl ^ the Industrial cca mission of Wisconsin has Issued this small bulletin. describes the principles recanmended by the Comdsslon and its Medical Sub-Canute on physical examlna- tion practice in industry. The bulletin covers aost of )lnts to be consider- ed by the industries and by the physicians, end it is ho; the procedure will be followed as outlined, although it is recognized imperfec- tlons in the plan will need revision frea time to time. 713 DISEASE AND ZNVIRQlilHfr. 2.A. Cheosman, W.J. Martin and W.T. Russell. Bioaetrika, 30, 341-62 (January 1939). (British). The relation between general mortality and density of population or overcrowding is well-known. Tor certain increasing ranges in density there Is a correspond ing increase In mortality, up to a point where further density changes do not seem to have an effeot on further mortality changes. The bed effects of environ ment are particularly noticeable in childhood and la middle life. In childhood the effects are mainly seen in Increased prevalence of infectious disease, while et the older age period there la gensral ill-health. References to Recent Literature - 4 7X4 THE PSIODIC 8CMONATXOH. I. A GROUP STODY IN DIAGNOSIS. K.S. Berkoff, Indus trial Medicine, 395-400 (September 1933). Considerable impetus bas been given In recent years to the idea of periodic physical examination with a view of correcting abnormalities while still in the pro-clinical stage or of establishing a hygienic routine conducive to optimum health* In general the whole population has lagged far bohind industry and organ* ized groups in this respect the reasons for which are quite obvious. In an attempt to evaluate the reliability of such examinations, data is presented of a series at physical examinations in a_gtf0 of department store aployoes taken .years. The is of the examinations was standard >cedurea th^^type. The first diagnoses were com] .to a it causes of death. The conclusion is such types of physleal examinations aim>dp$Kx- slgalfleent that most of the errors <p&^nses of 7is Mgrapos o? Testing Ha This _ _ ln.JsGpQ&ol hygienef prooMhlythe most imp variations in results first select conditions is sometimes necessary ditions may he obtained velocity and direction, also the period examined. Those industrial hygiene methods of dust " and of expres, Soc. s of testing methods ion of the sample Is obvious and expectod It is necessary to Because of this fact It ; correct average of eoai tmtperature, wind t on the results as do activity at the location bolng a thorough procedure of is given of different of roportlng results 716 27AL DJDCSJEIaL 3EBX3Q5 FRO artmont of Public Health, Stat Division of Industrial Bulletin. 837 pp. (1939: .800 W. TiUaore St., Chicago. ulletln presents the results of a studyr<^Mtlar'^^tose made recently in states, to determine the industrial hygiene pMblaSrjwosented by Industry throughout the State. A survey 3uch 03 this is newwary in ordor to fovulate an efficient and effective future program in induett^^hygione. The survey In cluded the study of practically every industry in the<^5ca$e to determine the type of exposure, sabers exposed and metiiods of preventive5mures in effect. The bulletin is composed largely of statistical material col3$e4id in the various industries; no conclusions are drown but the data will shoKjww future programs can be applied to benefit the greatest number of employees 717 THE INFLUENCE 07 INDOSTH? ON THE BEVELOWENT 07 SHEDKAXXSf. G.C. Pether. J.Rcy. Inst. Pub. Health, k Hyg., Z, 436-40 (July 1939). (British). The paper contains a general discussion of industrial factors--strain, jarring, chilling, excessive fatigue, chemical influences such as fluoride compounds, anl improper diet--which contribute to the causation of rheumatism. 718 mDUSTST AND HHBT7HATISM. ? Pox. J. Hoy. Inst. Pub. Health k Hyg., 2, 368-73 (June 1939) (British). . It is estimated that la and vales 3 million weeks of work are lost every year through rheumatic disease. The provision of pithead baths should help to lessen its incidence among miners. The coal-miniag industry is contemplating the provision of centers for tho treatment of rheiaatln in connection with these References to Recent Literature - 5 drivers* The author presses for the extended application of such preventive and curative measures, and for intensified research* j 719 FACTORS XH INDUSTRIAL HEALTH. J.R. Sees. Xndustr. Welfare, 21, 171-6 (Hay 1939) (British). A great part of the sickness which causes loss of tiae in industry is of psycho logical origin. Psychoneurosos commonly net with ire anxiety, hysteria and ob sessional states, but nowadays it ia recognized that many of the well-lmown and supposedly physical disorders are largely determined or maintained by mental states* Some of these are gastric ang^nodenol ulcer* enlarged thyroid, heart Irrw^fities and some of the paizkn^ffigonic heart disease, oolitls, asthma, and pauful menstruation. Much neurosis may be precipitated by social coaditj incluaMg^rkiawviromonfcf^Aaxiy-producias occupations must lead high inc&etee o^nmarosi&^nif^nsequent sickness absenteeism. Fifty of neurosurcaa beunfortunately psychotherapy takes 720 INTOBTRT'S (September 19 Thore ere A vationgapXm thMeJl&qgrtastitut wfcrire'nefii exist. 0 foiling up the flndl prove the sanitary eo are given by the author place in industry* NORSE* LaVonnn Babb* Am* J* Pub 29, 1023-8 can^seip in the preseremployees. One of creational programs be made in homes, by tloas, and by helping to im_ Quod discussions of all points haslze that the nurse has e definite 721 PHYSICAL medicine and 419-32 (July 1939). (Bri Physical modlclne 1 ligaments and othatfObj^gk structures; and wasted nuaai&rajpilowing wnriy vosltls; adhesions, importance and almost air treatment* Por them duated contractions are the of physical treatment in industry Fub* Health k Hyg., strains of muscles, strains end sprains; atonic injurios; chronic class these types of all- tlon of spoclal local >ry und treatment of sus Adequate super consideration. \?22^CTJC0IS: a DIFFHaTOAL STOTT. H.P. Thomas, C*J, Carl A* Nau. Industrial Medicine, Q, 376-80 (September, 1939)* Silicosis is called the eldest and most important o: industrial diseases, k few case histories ere taken from the records of a ve ' hospital in Texas, Points in the diagnosis are described, most prominent o h is the inclusion of complete occupational history* There is an increasl d for equitable legislation which will govern working conditions aad c for liability, both total and partial* Pre-Bsployment and poriodic physic nations ore essential to proper administration of the disability laws* 723 INTEREST!!*} CASES OF SILICOSIS AND THEIR PREVENTION* Symanaki. Sbl. f. Gowerbohyg. u. Unfall*, 16^ 139-41 (June 1939). (Goman). The author doscrlbos very briefly four cases of ailicotis and presents a roeatgenogram of each* Two of the men had had vary short exposures in sandblasting without protection* One of thorn, autopaled imediately after death, showed no signs cf tuberculosis* The third man worked as a welder near an open sandblast ing operation* The fourth was a buildor of Siemens-kartln ovens; part of his work, carried out in a mall room, consisted of brooking to proper size bricks of chamotte, magnesite and silica composition* References to Recent Literature - 6, 724 ise HoamoLooxC diagnosis or rastsccoKiosis (silicosis) and use or tss "ilbc- c EXE" TO DETE3CCNB REGIONAL DENSITIES. L.C. Cole and ff.G. Cole. Radiology, 33, 261-90 (September 1939). Thie if an excellent paper cn the diagnoals of ailico3is fra a roentgenological standpoint. The thorough treatment of the subject Includes a discussion of the fundamental principles of x-ray diagnosis in general, technic of chest x-rays, both ns to talcing and studying of the film, In addition to the points to be con-> sldered in diagnosis. Characteristics of the stages of silicosis are covered in detail. Probably the most important single contribution* is the introduction to tbeuso of photo-cells to measure film density at different points. It was found that film density as recorded by a phfrtQpeter varied considerably more then was apparen from casual observation, of photometer readings at certain li film ions fozm a particular when plotted in the seme order and chert licot have a 3lmilar pattern. Of cours&&u; adultlo before the application of this fact a aid in interest! vertheleas the authors here opened ups technic. \L and NOTE: In an per the authors make same cQ8B*atjfew?apor roent- genograms th terpreted. They state that pattSfawKtgenograms are inferior ourage the use of them irfsurMys of large groups of eronce 13 they anz^ttftfjui paper roentgenograms are To prevenvjlgnf afsinterpretatlon we quote hi Bulletln^^Isr (June 1939), page 15, "If a lapge group ne^gq^erpert of thie examination la a single roentgenogram of le lees expensive end quicker to use neper in rolls then to s of x-ray film. Such a survey may be aaae with paper if the tf fcs outlined in this report arc used or if other methods ero used wh: ual or bettor results. If papor is used for survey work in kwit ^pigaiutus and technic at least equal to those described above o estp^f all pertios concerned will be served if pathologicaJ^kdCftubtf s Sra-oferred for a more thorough radiological ?" In other w nds, roentgenograms can serve a useful purpos per treatment 725 IN IQC5ANXCAL DDGI tzbachod J. Siegel. fa., 113. 1116-9 (September 1 `prosontod of ullicotuberculaais o ntel mechanic whose feupation during life conststod of poll Se had been at work continuously for about 19 years. The' a for this work pianico which is chemically a silicate, but in' a substitute "pussy" has boen used extensively. It was this le el that was used by the patient and upon examination it was found to con1 48* of free silica, and to have e different composition than true ptaice. tiont had breathed sufficient dust over the period to cause extensive lung 'as evident in x-ray and post mortem examination- 726 ELSCTPOGARDIOCSUil IN SILXCOTXCS. G. Schlcoka. Had. Jfult., 3Ss87-91 and 357-9 (1939). (German). The author examined electrocardiograms of many slllcotlce, 3ome of whee had had two electrocardiograms made. He concludes that in slllcotics "as a rule the type of eloctrucardogra, compared with the normal changes, is displaced to the right and increases with lung changes." The displacement is caused b7 overstrain ing on the right heart. The effect, however, can be hidden or eliminated by various other circumstances as hypertonia, obesity, tuberculosis, etc., and this must bo remembered in judging such cases. - . References to Recent Literature - 7 727 silicosis from sttraction and NOISING of sandstone IN TEE PFALZ DISTRICT. A.V. Choasy. Arbeitsachutz, pp. 168*75 (1939). (Gemon). The distribution of ages in quaiT>aan and stonecutters shows that thart are quite a few older son in the industry, attributed to the fact that in recant yearn operations in that industry hate not boon very active. Medical examina tions of 100 quarriers and 100 stonocuttors indicates that silicosis develops slowly and is more corona among stonecutters than among tho quarriers. Many sen who had worked several decades had not devoloped the disease and the author concl'jies that other factors than dust p^fttfa large part in the etiology of silico- 728 LOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASBE3TQSIS. 2. (1939). (German). atlas of asbestosis was based os t ion an additional 420 asbestosis wo in material on the diagnosis of th e. The i noticeable by x-ray after vew months work first signs of asbestqgis ppear, however, erculosls is rare asbestosis workers those examined. 729 in SEvurnsBf 4ND '^ki ^ EFFECTS 0FQ8 TBEXtNGS 07 TWBHY-1 , TJI. Durkan, D.M. Brrofiel and H.L. Simpso 279-317 (Septrober 1939). The paper covers a survey conditions in 17 cement plants in the United Statos, and physical examinations of 2278 persons in an attempt to correlate sett findings* Finished cement con- tains practically no frqe^S, materiel dust has from 1 tc 30, and occasionally 60 voricblo character of most of the employee's ocadb^t^is no defini change and du^t<^p9sttion The ns could be made between lung data, however, indicate? that prolonged . cf dust from ducos such slight anatomic reactlo ^fcfttle or no abnormality roentgenogram. The mixed dust raw mills ere probably res imlted nrobor of buses of linear exaggeration, non-disab' cfiAfft&ar. Only 8 of the 2278 ee showed ovidence of nodular fibrosi to dust, and in 6 c: se exposure .to silica dust In previous e _ nobly responsible, incidence of tuberculosis and other chronic'i f the lungs was found to be less than that in the general populat 730 PUUfONART CHANGES IN C9GNT W0RE2RS. 0. Girino and Aquilo. Med. del. lavoro, 30, 97-UO (1939). (Italian). (Q After describing cement work and reviewing the litem authors report on their examination of 50 cement workers whose work of sa ament involved a great deal of dust* Ten detailed case reports are present th some roentgen- ograms. The workers suffered catarrh of the upper respirat tract, their lungs showed signs of pnetaoconiosls and severnl of the x-rays showed fibrosis and modulation. Tuberculosis is rare and its course favorable. In seme cases the heart was hypertrophic* 731 TUBERCULOSIS IN RELATION TO TSE PNEOIOCONIOSES. W.S. Cooke. J.Roy. Inst. Pub. . Health & Hyg., Z, 299-304 (May 1939). (British). Svideneo is accumulating that various slllcato dusts are'by so means innocuous, and it may be expected that silicatosis, by whatever mineral produced, will ren der the lungs less resistant to tubercular infection* Almost every industrial dust has boon blamed as a cause of pnetsoconioele, often with no foundation in fact, e.g* the case of bysslnoels, the conioeis attributed to cotton dust. References to Recent Literature - 8 732 TUBERCULOSIS IN RELATION TO TBS PNEUMOCONIOSES. HJt. Turner. J.Roy.Inst. Pub. Health & Hyg. JL 361*94 (June 1939). (British). In diseases of combined pneumoconiosis end tuberculosis, the latter plays the dominant port. In Sheffield, England* grinders fora but 0,9$ of the population, but they produce 0$ of the infectious cases of tuberculosis in the city. A study of the ago incidence of tuberculosis among several trades revealed that grinders and stone masons have a high tuberculosis incidence in middle-life, but that coal miners do not and are not exposed to a special tuberculosis hazard. Women are found to be more susceptible than acm to tuberculosis in dusty work. They should be excluded and all male entraxSfto the trede should be thoroughly examine ed for the disease and should be rgr^feed^ff showing even obsolete tuberculous lesions. _ 733 INCIDENCE OF PUUCjNAKY Alffl^m^POXifOKARY TUBERCULOSIS IN ANTHRACITE A.C. Cohen. Arch. IntmA^raR, 63, 1117-22 (June 1939). A survey at the 'Vhl|AT|j^n (Pa.TSanatoriua, corroborates the ed fact that pulffonnry'turagnlosis is more cocoon in anthracite mi non-min- ers* In addiioS\tV,'this data, the author reports un the od 4Hce of extra- pulmonary hArgSELoais in a series of autopsies, anthracosllico- tics ^^Jnisnory tuberculosis had intestinal t 3, while In 84 patients wiggnSnSithrac'jdilicotie p .Inonffry tuherculos present in 31 per cent, The\fagr$e of nnthracosilicosis, rather then detenines the frequency witbHrhich intestinal tuberculosis occurs, explains the comparative rarity of intestinal tuberculosis in nthracoslllco-tuberculosis on the basis of: (1) chronic!ty of the pulse rocese, (2) the extensive pulmonary fibrosis, particularly the vasci"^.sa&ddfosls which teals to prevent the spread cf tubercle bacilli. About t^twcharacteristics were found in the incidence of laryngeal tuberculosis^ramS^aS mining and non-mining groups. 734 EXPERIMENTAL IT ^ PNEUMONIA CAUSED SI MANGANESE AND ITS RELATION TO PNEUMONIA FROM 10. E.W. Joetten, H. Raploh and 0. Hegemann. Arch. f. Gewerbepath., 6 (1939). (Geraan). An effort detoralne how the broathing of mangnneso dust relates to the incldei pneumonia. In a letter to the authors, It is stated that the ite is much higher in a small Norwegian village where the fumes from Tee smelting plant spread over the erea than in the surrounding vicinity, were 32 per 1000 as compared to 4 per 1000 for the country. In their experiments, mice and rabbits broathing manganese dust end infected with pnemococci shoved incroased mortality rates from pneisonla when compared to other mice. Additional mice dusted with 10$ manganese end 90$ limestone ( the composition of slag dust) failed to show much difference between animals dusted with limestone alone. Altogether the tests to incriminate manganese are not convincing enough to be positive. * 733 PHAGOCYTOSIS 07 COAL AND STONE DUST IN VITRO. M0RF3DL0GICAL CHANGES Hi THE CUL TIVATION OF MAEROFHAGES OF THE SPLEEN AFTER PHAGOCYTOSIS OF COAL AND QUARTZ DUST. W. Hasten. Arch. f. Gowerbopath., 337-45 and 343-60 (1939). (German). The author describes a carofully elaborated mothod of determining as exactly as possible the phagocytosis of various dusts. Coal dust is phegocytlzad more quick ly and more completely than stone dust. In the second part are described cellular changes after phagocytosis. Quartz causes violent changes and vecuoles deveiep. Mature vacuoles unite to fora one large ono, filling the complete cell at last. The nailer the quartz particles, the more quickly and completely the process de velops. In contrast to this, cells that have taken, up coal dust do not show vacuole foraatlon in such a degree but do show fatty degeneration. The author concludes that the malignity of quartz is caused by its chmsico-physical effects on the tissues ("surface effect".) References to Recent Literature - 9 73a aOBOOattLOGXCiX mUTNATION 0? THE mcr STRUCTURE 0? INDUSTRIAL DUSTS. H. Gartner* Arch. f. Oewerbepath., , 377*90 (1939). (German). Tla* author surreys tho literatureT doacrlbos tha instrument ha employs and pre sents the results of his work. Illustrations of 16 alnarals and 12 industrial dusts are included. 737 T3E BEAST IN ANTHRACOSILICOSIS. I.?. Glaring and Hobart Charr. J.Am.Med.Assoc., 113, 574-6 {August 12, 1939). Congostive haart failure is a cosmos ogjJurrence in oases of for advanced anthra- cosii^osis. Of 23 miners studied>fcv8^s series, 16 had anthracosilicosis wit out^ubjireuloaisAnd nine with th^N&ease. They rangod in age from 36 to years ^m)thd &nf)Lo& of amjdjttmeiir'varied from 3 to 40 years. Tho elec cordiogMM^iA the^^or^^o&ikstances showed myocardial damage. Th feel tha{^he^aloc^Msa|^S^s^hic exa&inatlons are of distinct study of &hrttC03ilmiLs^d that these examinations together e^clinical and lttbogatox^^i^fnj^jpu^ described in this report would h$t o nixing early^g^Kpiisc^^^aDage secondary to aathracosilifi in recogth or without cosplicat LOSll 736 TOjU^S^ABP Charlea-Franci aduatrlal Medicine, (Septsmb Sinqjp 1365, when Lrst mgffr,dC6hs lungs of tobacco workers it has been the cooaon bel .uced a harmful effect on the lungs. There have bean ^ since that time but none has serl- oualy indicated that tobac arly harmful and none has completely freed tobacco of possible The author, medical director of a largo tobacco company, on thtK^ung examination of over 1200 oaploy- ees in addition to abou perawM with no tobacco exposure. By coa- paring the results upa and<jahabrvlng thoir similarity, it i3 cca- eluded that posts? S*S (t abacoai^pdpes ^^^volop in the lungs of those who Inhale toA^Spf t, nor doc3 thilacoj velop with extended exposure to the d :dity among industrial m: m OF 1939. Wm.M. Pub. Health Reports, 54, 13 1939). Lnation cf the records shows that wit 3lckae33 and aon- :rlal injuries the rate for tho first q 29$ above the Corresponding rate for 1936, but is still 16$ bel 1937. The increase ever the 1936 period is caused principally by the e in the respiratory diseases. Of interost also is the decrease in the for hernia from 1.9 cases per 1000 in 1936 to 1.2 in 1939, a decrease of ovor o'_r^ rd. 740 HRS3SSTT--PPAAUD55SESS AAHKDD RRESFRR&ESSSaGGNNTTSS IINN IINNDDUUS5TTRHYT1.. JJ,. RRaammssooyv,. RR.E.^fjR^hwson and utters. Nat. Inst. Industr. Pschycology, Report So. 8, London, (1 ~ (British). This report sunorlzes the results of an inquiry into ths o :ion of rest pauses and old-shift refreslaonts in over a thousand factories in Grdat Britain. At about one-third of the factories no rest periods wero taken, official or un official. At about 13$ the employees took unofficial rest pauses, and In ths remainder (53$) they were officially allowed. Pew employers Introduce rest per iods because of scientific experiment; nost are influenced by other considera tions, particularly the need of food by young employees during ths morning shift. It is generally believed that the introduction of -those periods has a good offset on efficiency. *' . -- a.4 References to Recent Literature - 1C. ?41 FURTHER NOTES OH THE DI2PJRSABILITY 0? HE OUSTS. F.V.Tideswell end R.V. Whoeler. Trane* Instn.Kin.&ngrs. Load., 97, 17S-60 (April 1939). (British). It appears that the stone-dusts used in mines (to prevent explosions) are read ily dispersed during an explosion and are thus able to ploy their part, provided they are properly exposed to the blast of the explosion. Stone-dusting should be done little and often* Stone-dust will not noain disperaablo long if spread on a damp surface. Experiments shoe that water-repellent dust can be prepared from ground limestones with which is incorporated as little as 1/4$ of palmitic or stearic, acid. 742 beater.' The papi Tho total a sensltlTo' 0.00001 In. readily. A f p.m. AEMLOW IK HIKES. R. Poole and A.W. Lea: ,n.Eafrw\Lodd., 97, 225-42 (May 1939). (British) ion of the velcmeter to air measuraaen^i'n ^mes required to give a full seal* defloct*M3fcJ5 on the order of 0.001 in. of water* aad**dl2SS&uces of time-lag is small and reedings^wg^vaken very X can give velocities of tho(Srqairof about 6 743 AGAINST. BUS? IK COAL MIKES iUS ASCRIBES TO RESP^R-- .H. Voseenaaf? Profes, (1939). (Preach), Dust^fs generated durln^^lh^ng osions and by transport of minerals. Modem pneiaat ~ ed transport raise far more dust -than did older methods am lust on important industrial hazard, Modem methods of dust coat: i at the drill, water jets end water sprays, are described but it they are still ^satisfactory. Be cause it is believed that it hazardous dust particles still remain in the air in methods (probably the water sprays) it is concl respirnto ssary. 744 ABCfS OP CONTROL. P. SPECIFIC INDUSTRIES. Roy P. W< 5up. Hazards & Safety r 1939) This 'third in a series of essentials of dust con- troJ .es. Because dust productlo zed in foundries the of good general ventilation is criterion for the or air movement in foundries might zed foundries--one change every five minutes; for mechanized change every three 'minutes. New buildings or contemplated changes should be made with this in mind. Many other points of cosmos sense of preventing dust are discussed by the author. Shakeouts ore probably tho t^tdifficult of the eper- ationa to coatrol and must be handled properly* They siJppid be exhausted if possible wherever necessary* 745 ARE YOU BUYING AN EXHAUST- SYSTEM? PART 1* TOUC H fRZSSURES AND OBTAINING WIKABLE PIPING* 7.F. Eravath* Heat. & Tent., ^T, 16-6 (August 1939)* This article is the first of a series of three in which tho author outlines methods to clarify the problems of purchasing cn oxhaust system* The author fist condemns the requirement in many states of a 4 or 5 inch suction at the hood as a basis for design* He shows by simple calculations why this high sta tic suction requirement is ridiculous and how it places an unnecessary burden ca tho purchaaor of equipment. Some points on the selection of the type of piping, pipe gauges andjastfcq^ of Joining sections aro given with tho thought in mind :f the degree of*Ro* uOtfnlMiNdlJ pipe 4ism .ckhooa.upevr mamnAd stronger *thtl.aMn *re*MctaHngula--r section and should be used wherever possible* Flanged pipe is suggestod as a more suitable farm of jointing in spite of its slightly greater cost* References to Hecoat Literature - 11 746 APS TOU 30YUO AH EXHAUST SYST5M? PART 2. PAHS, PAN MOTORS AND PAN DIVES, P. F. Krevath. Heet. & Vent, 21* 21-3 (September 1939). See Preceding Abstract. The old style planing mill exhauster is the most preva lent type of fan in exhaust work, but it is being roplaced slowly by the more modern, more efficient, forward curved or backward curved blade fans* In general the backward curved blade fen is the most efficient, runs at highest speed, is quietest. The forward curved or aultivane fan is smallost in size for volume of air handled and is sore efficient than the steel-plate, or planing will exhaust er. While newer fans offer slightly hiS&er efficiencies, older fans, sometimes second. , can be obtained for a^phot&3h of the cost of a new one and this posaiS should always ba cJnckefi^Fan laws, which should bo kept in aigd' when dai >ng or^b^ing arg^f^eved briefly. ?or ordinary work the s< coge not< use In \the __ l*v5atv-^ polyphase motor, but others are desc: imnOT^Belt driven connections are the aost^pgj 1*001 con- nectlons be fan because of their flexibility whoxrchodi i are desired. Papers on )lSO! icer. Dermatitis, Etc 747 .OP rSTRIAL H.2. Collier. Oocup, Psyh&lc&r, 13, 39-97 C ih) Industrial illness as a psychological aspect in addition to the physical prcmlnent reactions to certain substances found in Indus Inhalation of f\aes during spray pointing may originate "unre men disappearing with improved ventl- lotion. Many industrial aolv, emotlonal disturbances. Carbon monorldo fumes somstiaes actions. Mercury sets up irrita- bility, depression 03# attacks particularly the nervous system, >logic; cal aspects of industrial 111- ness are describe j 748 A VAF0R-?g2$SfttfuKH>D FOR ESTIMATION ivd^TSt C.A. Couchm.-.n end W.H. -.Ind.Hyg. & Toxicol., 21. >er 1939). A VABBWRESSSURE 14ZT3DD FOR DETEamATIuN 1 ATION OF SOME ORGANIC AIR. Kingsley Kay, G.M. Reece J.Ind. Hyg. & , 21, 264-9 (September 1939).____ VAPOR-PRESSURE INSTEUZffifr FOR DE7E&CINXN5 S IN AIR. Leslie "Silverman, G.M. Reece and Philip Drinker. J.Ind. ol., 21, 270-8 (September 1939). Chemical methods are ideal for estimating concontrat volatile solvents In air, but their use is limited at the present time to a f these compounds, Better physical methods, such os those described In the papers ore coming into more canon usago, as they are much simpler both for practice and laboratory analysis. The principal of each of the three me described is the same, the difference being largely in the type of sampling _ tus used. All use dry ice for the freezing medium as the temperature is sufficiently low to take c&ro of most solvents used in industry. The method consists in freezing out the solvent from a sample of contaminated air and measuring the vapor pres sure when allowed to ccue to room temperature, having corrected for tha always present water vr.por pressure. The method described in the last paper is probably most adaptable to practical use as it has eliminated the use of a complicated source of suction and is self-correcting for water vapor pressure. References to Rscsnt Literature - 12 749 TBS 2TFICI2NCT Of TBS COKDUJSATION MEESDD TOR SAMPLING C2ETAIN VAPORS. y.S. Goldman end JJ. DallaValle. U.S. Public Health Reports, 54, 1728*33, (Septem ber 22, 1939) The condensation method, because of several advantages, has been widely used for the sampling of certain vapors in industrial hygiene practice. There are, how* ever, several considerations not often given proper attention and which may have an effect on the efficiency of this type^f analysis. The apparatus described here, an which the method was tested, ^Jsistod of TJ-tubes, 16 or 21 m in size, icmece^in a mixture of dry ice alcohol. The experlmente Indicate that ra, such as water tapor or mercury vapor effici vely high. For other vapors, the met t bo applicable. The experiments the met lities but must be tested against for which 750 TBS 501/ IN 30DT FLUIDS. L.T. Pal Reports, 8, 1939). Exposure _ suit of its in as an insecticide, vorLM^te^oxa fren load workers in plants anfflaMcmaring the mat sg of s, to tho ingostion of leadlerseaate by the co: Whan ingested, tha lead arsenate is broken down shown by the different methods of excretion of the lead ts of tha subataaca. Inhaled lead arsenate is exposed to a di solvent action from that In tho ali- aentary canal and this invest; ucted to deteimine tha solubility of the notarial in certain which it comos in contact upon inhalation ingestion, senate is but slightly soluble in blood 3ana ' ffcsfwt-nppro fluid with which it comes in con tact when inh a^te markedly so and gastric juice. This fact may acco- the fact that works: .lead arsanato spray and mist do not hav^tl absorption of lea allowing exposure to lead aonoxidn<2ni< onate. TISSUES. E.N. Bogchl, E.D. Sirdar. Indian 1. as., 26, 935*45 (April 1939) (India) /nation of land by the dithlzone method was a series of normal 'persons as well as on persona with mown exposure The figures for normal lead art roughly similar to Sofcoo's values only a fraction of these reported by Tcspeett and Anderson. Amounts in erent organs of exposed persons was high in liver, kidneys, stomach and Inteat and exceptionally high in the hair. Evidently hair of different colors differing amounts of lead. Lead in tissues of foetuses is smaller than that rted by other writers. So trace could be found in ovaries although lead iound in testes and placentas. 752 LEAD POISONING. Irving Kov/aloff. An. J. Dis. Child., 56, 764-74 (1938). A case of lead encephalopathy is presented in which improvement was produced by adequate sedation a diet high in phosphorus to which 30 cc. of a 10$ solu tion of disodiua phosphate was added daily. Frta tha results of tha treatment in the present case this would appear to bo a rational method of decreasing the lead concentration of tho blood. References to freest Literature - 13 753 THE CARBON SSONMCTDE HAZARD IK RELATION TO CALIFORNIA HEG3KA? ACCIDENTS, Indus, trial Hygiene Derive) Dept, of Public Health* Stato of California. Investig. Roporc Mo. o, 12 pp. (August 1939) Further evidence of the prevalonco and physiological action of carbon monoxide In aarU quantitios is given in this report by the Industrial Hygiene Division of the California Department of Health. Store than a thousand tests for carbon monoxide were made in automobiles drivon under noxmal driving conditions in an zinc plant in Italy; consideration is given id the vaz^uAsOCCupntions in the pro cesses and to msberou* physical examinations to detortfixa) the symptoms of expo- Most important local reactions are nasal symptoms which progress from anartizc and itching to serous discharge, crust formation and, later, perforation cf the septum. The action on the nose is thought to be due to zinc sulfate dust and sulphuric acid mist in the air and to zinc sulphate being carried directly to the smarting nose by hand. 758 FATAL POISONING FROM CHROMIC ACID. Goertz. Arbeitfljchutz, pp. 183-* (1939). (Gorman). Chromic acid la used to clean scales and rust from boilers. In performing such work, two workers got splashed in the face with the add* Ono died of nephritis 2 weeks later. Another worker is reported to hare dlod from absorbing the poison through a nail wound. ' References to Recent Literature - 14 759 CASES 0? ARSSfXC POISONING. P. Cristol, J. Pourcado, J, Ravoire and C. 3eseaoch. Rot. Hyg. t Mo** Prev., 61, 363-72 (May 1939). (French). Several cases of arsenic poisoning aro described. One was a severo dermatitis over the entiro body; analysis of the skin gave a value of ISO og. per 1%. Another case was of a man living near a metallurgical plant that gave of quanti ties of arsenious anhydrido. His most noticeable symptom was an edema of the genitals, which gradually spread to his arms and legs, and was severe enough to sake him cease work. Hair and nails gave arsenic In amounts ranging from 64 to 230 mg. per leg. Two additional cases ^^polyneuritis of agricultural and vine yard workers are described. 760 0CCUft$&$*L mqR^FHQH 7AKADSV, & ORIGIN AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY. Syac: Arch. irbe] (1939). {German), The use idil greatly in recent years. Reports effects "present paper the author describes th rs of production ferro-vanadit. Workers who were the dust in a factory .and it was found that the venad )xlde was eipecially ttf* iucous membranes. Conjunctivi .tls and especli ' are kccmon among the workortfSA Gas iritis occurs rare- ly anc .not seen. 761 GLTOgcA m csojac 25, E90-302 (1939). ( After reviewing the lit three rabbits. Beginning the dose gradually until glyeemia and the blood sug metabolic disturbances de Conciliis. Folia med rta on ezporimants he performed on doses of 1 mg. per day, he increased Injected 8 mg* He studied the modifications caused by liver. 762 QUANTITATIVE AIIAL^M^g^ORPHXRINE Slin. Wchnschrvt<:@Vp75-6 (1939). Described is of measuring t light on>a^$Bpu& cell, which produce to a^g^v^gaaooetar. Concentrations i PT0 ST.7MKNT. 0. V/eiss. induced by the radiation of urrent that is transferred 001 ag. can be measured POISONING ESPECIALLY SKIN CHANGES ACO NDAHY POPPHYRIA. Halter. Arch. f. Dexmat., 178 . 340 (1938). ( The author reports a case of soleniua. pui3oning i working*in a glass plant where colored glass is produced. He had wo miser and handled sodium selenite and elementary selenium, used for bl green glass. He first developed headaches, then irritation of the auco after about two days, reddening and swelling of the uncovered skin foil These symptoms appeared often and increased in soverity. Clinical exn&l disclosed edems- to us erythtfn of the face and nock and several hard, _ , ill-defined f- on the back of hands and fingers. There was an enlarged liv^ij? and porphyrins m the urine. No nervous or g&stro-intestinal symptoms were present. The authors believe that the series of porphyrinuria* was aggravated by the selenium porphyr which ezpl^ns the kind and localisation of the sldA changes and is also consider ed the cause of hyperthyreoela. Inflammation of the mucosa and conjuncti? is the direct result of the irritating action of the selenlm as is the injury t the liver function. 764 DANGERS IN THE USE 07 NAPHTHALENE. ?. Dittrich. Arbeltsschutz, pp.164-5 (1939' (Goman) A substance used for kindling fires is composed of wood shavings and naphthalene The fuses of tho latter bother the unaccustomed workers and irritate the skin. The chief danger is the substance's high inflannillity. References to Recent Literature - 15 765 THE ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY 0? MORPHOLINE, T.E. Shea, Jr. J.Ind.Hyg. * Toxicol., 21, 236-45 (September 1939). Morpholine, e secondary eaine, la a highly alkaline colorless liquid, volatile at room tAperature. It is used os a solvent, especially as an emulsifying agent for polishos and other mixtures, and it shows promise in syntheses charac teristic of the secondary amino group. This paper roports on the previously un investigated physiological action of the substance. The minimum lethal dose of diluted morpholine for albino rats by ingestion is 1.6 ga. per Mg. Daily dosings by mouth and skin absorption will progai death or permanent injury, principally to kl&a^ stomach and liver. Ani^p^eTgpcts from exposure by inhalation are simlli * concentration of 12,000 p.p.a. was slight! intolerable for long periods ofc 7apor e: 42 hours so no evidence of effects anticipated from repeated low concent 766 HISTOLOGICAL Chiray, L. 393-40 The , chfSSfc^pblsoning logp?chafigee nephritis, an oxalic cussed and described LXTHLASXS'ST ST: Dieryck. , producing acute and to dAonstrate the histoc poisoning: a alow toxic xalic nephritis. These are disof action. 767 TOXICOLOGY Of TECHNICAL HLZi TRIOHTHJCRSSYLPaDSPHATE AN (1937). TOXICOLOGY Of SCLTm^SpttblMCNOACS] TATE, E. Rosser^^llQSSftatlon, Wurz* Both authors ineV^ghted the toxicity^ experiment^i(3&lrried out on white slats ^kS^kiw^practlcally haimloss, aL2> jury^ANcmiosed workers. , DIBUnLPHTHALATE, H.Eller. Dissertation, Wurzburg, YLACSCATS AND ETHYLCELYCOLACE- tonces used in lacquers. The ficeapt for dibutylphthcapablo of producing in- :TIS FROM OHT33DICHLOR03aJ22NE, ISeptember 9, 1939). the absence of patch tests or other similar di acceptance of orthodlchlorobenzene as the oxciting Nevertheless this industrial solvent may be regarded' for no other reason than because of its capacity to r from the skin. In this respect its action Is somewhat chloride and other chlorinated hydrocarbons. as and minor notes) cedures, final should not be made, source of dermatitis if normal surface fit to carbon tetrs- 0> 769 RECENT DETZLCBmrrS IN SOLVENT AND VAPOR DB382ASDO. leveland. Metal Ind., 37, 411-4 (September 1939). Tho latest methods end 'developments in vapor degreasing are doscribed, and the paper should be of Importance to those Interested in degreasing practices. Nearly all the solvents used are toxic when breathed In heavy concentrations and the now methods now coming into practice are of interest because the modern degreasing machines are entirely enclosed, primarily because of the principle ofoparation. and exposures to the workman sear the ore almost aliminatod. References to Roctat Literature - 16 770 ELECTRIC ARC WELDING AND IMPOTENCE. J.AsuMed.Assoc. (Queries tad minor cotes) 113, 616 (August 12, 1939), At one aims or another aost occupations hart boon suspoctod of being a factor is sexual impotence. Such suspicions oudlossly recur in industry, ozid on occasion a few bare beta dignified by medical publications. Lately there has been appre hension regarding work in electrical fields. Including welding, but tho conclu sions as to the dotrlaental effect are mostly unfounded.- The same might also be true of noa-occupatlonal diseases such an typhoid or pneumonia, functional im potence is related to the individual qmTevide&ces of it will not arise in an occupational exposure without othep^ltr'Mharacteristic features of poisonings. 771 AN Csaad. The autho diet of young normal producing tr jactions beaefl tha than in 0? TAR-CARCINOMA IN MICE. (September 1939). boon expoaod to cnrclnoma-producl ha supplemented hypodeiaically with a of The mice, which usually suoctab cinoma- the exposure when oa this die those in led experimentally subjects with nterprets the eon that it is possible *gease and that he future lies more in fttsn^research oa ~ ect is to be continued. 778 D^CATITIS AND OTSHR Industrial Medicine, A renew Is given of industry, although the titls is seldom due other occupational and tors are renewed hritf dematitis is ooV^tod^khat only one therefore, to .^ncamjmp^all persons paper by aoro particular MART 07 CAUSES AND PREVENTION. 9), H.2.Collier, end secondary causes of dezsatltls in nclude each item. Induatriol deima- addition to the specific agent, st always concerned. These fac- case might be disabled by a :sonV^k\been affected. It is best, o s&uttr conditions. In a later utlined. 773 CLEANING WITH SPECIAL OH. A. Prior. 2tl. f. Sewer' IMPURITIES MIXED Id, 137-3 (Juno , (Geiman) ral oil containing metallic dusts may be ult to remove frem skin and the ndvantages and disadvantages of us ttn&ods of washing are discussed. Soap is inadequate end the author ball hat its ineffectiveness results in many cases of industrial skin disease, ts used to doense tho skin are bad for several reasons. Emulsions contain! :^stell amounts of solvents are advocated as being vory effective, and hornless to tffi^fcin. A cosaerclsl product "Fracutaa* Is highly praised. It is a mixture of^sjgita salts of high molecular weight, sulfonated fatty acid esters, and soditm^Wb# of fatty acid condensation products. 774 CADSALGIA AND MYOTONIA 07 AN OFFER EXTREMITY OT H3CTRICAL O0UST. CURE BY' EXTIRPATION 0? THE STELLATE GANGLION. I. Patrikioa and N. Sborou&i3. Rev. neurol., 69, 175-9 (1938). (French). A streetcar conductor suffered an electric shock in the right aim from i three phase alternating current of 530 volts. Soon after the accident the aim had be come stiff and swollen and examination showed edmu of tho right aim, as well as hyyeraaia, hyporhidrosls, hyperesthesia, and Increased vasomotor end pilomotor irritability. After two months of little or no improvement the authors doclded to extirpate the stellate ganglion, and following this operation the patient made complete recovery. Complete description is given of ell findings before and after the operation. References to Recent Literature - 17. 775 THE FEZOGRAPHIC MEEQOD OP EEAMINDflG CARDIAC AND VASCULAR CHANCES IN TEE COURSE OP SCITBIBir* 5* Lahy* Trav. amain, J7, 27.61 (1939)* (Preach). "Piezoelectricity" is a peculiarity of certain crystals and also of quartz to polarize tbeelves when exposed to mechanical forcos. In the "peizogreph" des cribed, electrical changes in such a crystal are made risible and by connecting it with othor apparatus, the author could record the pulse* In this manner were studiod the pulse movements of persons exposed to certain psychic stimuli* Var ious types are found; those without change ("rigids"), those with nomal modifi cations ("plastics"), those in i&lch vgturn to the regular ware is preceded with oscillations fascinators"), && others marked irregularities ("inconstantsy In t) category were 9 of 16 ware accident-prone. 776 THE ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS ON THE SEAT LO. CtLBUBIC and C.J. Kartin. I.Hyg., 39. 1939). (B15t*t&) A rational vheat-loss from a moist body is sugge It takes into account of the evaporating surface. ROm*t experiments with a ore given, showing wind on evapor- ation and. ttyjbHtttetftbn, evaporating surfn constast tmsperaturc or whsf^^Inte; .as constant rtont effect of size of the cooJ jody iphasized. one are described showing rect of varying ierature itant enriromental conditions It is shown that if the >ulb constant, considerable vtr- latlons in the teaperatt ttiore only slight influence cn the heat loss from the moist cyj of boat losses frea a simple physical system presents no great authors conoludo that the most hope- ful method of assessing maent and at&ospherlc conditions on the hoat-loss from the hi in tens of a subjectively deter- mined standard such *ectJ apoa scale. 777 <T1^V HIPQ Neurol. Regulat IN HEAT STROE^TiiL.O .. 42, 83-91 perature involves the ther than a single "center*.* rolo. and A.R. Vonderaho. Arch. implicates a amber of than the hypothalamus ENCOUNTERED DURING EMPTYING 0? ichutz, pp, 197-9 (1939). (German). Measurements were made at breast and shoulder he emptied. Unprotected mercury thermometers were us the cooperative association allow such chambers to b atures are below 50C, measurements showed coses of t The author thinks that 50C (122P) is bearable. eiBoan* Arbeit- en the chamber ww being though regulations of only whon tcapor.tures of 50 to 70C. 779 IMPROVBONX5 IN THE GLOBS THERMOMETER. D.P. Vincent. J.Hyg^Sgt, 238-43 (May 1939). (British). The time lag of a standard globe thermometer has bean decreased from 25 minutes to 10 minutes or less b7 reducing the wall thickness of the globe to 0.002 in., by blackening the interior of the globe, and by the use of a special clinical thermometer. Mechanical agitation of the air Inside the globe reduced the lag still further. 780 GLARE IN UNDERGROUND LIGHTING, A PRELIMINARY STUDY. W.2. McMillan and S. Ejmes. Trans. Inst. Min. Engrs. Load., 9 196-206 (April 1939). (British). The paper is largely a dissertation on glare and brightness differences for the instruction of mining engineers. Polar curves are given showing that the glare from a minor' $ lamp is greatly reduced when the bulb Is of "flashed" opal glass instead of clear glass. 4 to Recent Literature - 18. PHYSIOLOGICAL qTUDISS IN EPERDGNTAL ASFHOTA. AND CEOVOIDC. D.W. Loughsed, 78'X.li. Janas and G.E. Noll. Canadian Ned. Assoc. J* 40 , 423 (May 1939). Ecperimental *ork oa animals Is described: charts show curves for heart rata, arterial carbon dioxide end oxygen during drowning, blood oxygen end carbon di oxide during asphyxiation and recovery. Emphasis is placed on importance of immediate efforts at resuscitation in cases of drowning and asphyxiation. These include clearing the throat of foreign matter, draining the lungs of fluid by lifting tho body at tha waist, Shafer artificial respiration and administration of on oxygen-carbon dioxide mixture, by^&achoal catheter if necessary. 782 DISEASE. L. Teleky. J.Ind.Ifyg ction of the muscles of the pals causj fingers* tike many other diseases or tary and environmental factors; bol Examination of "lustriren limited to men over 40 who hadpton^Plrrom 13 to Dupuytren's contraction^ ^j^oout 17%. This heary mnnusl work. JnkresUlts show that the e&rtromental ortjgGTv)Nrtain work. factors disease as^^a vwiipatlonal disease are con- 783 THS OCCURRENCE OF Will'S IBB WEST 07 SCOTLAND. R.D. Stewart* J Syg., 39, 316-' British) Seva frem miners in the west tested for evidence of the occur ronce of Weil's disease. Ele s i^lHi/^ncouatered la 1937 and 1936, of which only 3 showed ja es of^tjfoctioa previous to 1937 were de- termlned serologically, _ rb Jauurcad. Evidence rms obtained point ing to the occurro . .bout 19 more^3n?es.((=jksia concluded that the occur- rence of leptos ctlon appear^Miitea^^liresont, but that it is quite serious In ce The aviUlable^VTldcnc^Jukgosts that the infections arc due if1c strain of leptos$q# 734 AOift^CCUfr^POllIJTION, SOKE 0? ITS PROHLEMS.^ Cham, k Indust. gJ&W-WO (June 24, 1939). (British*. _ ^ article covers the atmospheric pollution aS&fcts specific Indus- es. The writer first discusses the general aspens of N*r pollution, then the problems involved* A complete description of the percusses of the petroleum in dustry and the accompanying pollution sources is glTOu^The viscose Industry sad the waterproofing of fabrics by the cold euro process wMsrected similarly. The problem ccanon to these bean the dirarttl of sulfur compounds mainly hydrogen sulphide,/in^SrjganfirSfixJfiur compounds, ^rae^dust aspect of air pollution is described with application to the cement isdu^eyU. Tho paper con cludes with a brief discussion of British legislation in regd^&fco the industries considered* 785 THE ifJVESTTGATIQN 0? A2B0SFHERIC PoLlOTION: REPORT OH OBSERVATIONS Qf THE YEAR ENDED 31SS UARCH 1938 , 24T3 REPORT. 117 pp. GENERAL DEPOSIT TABLES, SEPFL3E2?T. 124 pp. Department of Scientific and Indus trial Research, Groat Britain; HJi.Stationery Office, I*ondon. (1939). The report, in two volumes, records tho results of observations made by 88 cooper ating bodies and the Deportment* On the whole there is a distinct fall in the amount of total solids deposited, and also in tho deposit of tar. It appears that atmospheric pollution in Great Britain is diminishing. Smoke fogs appoar to occur more frequently on Mondays, Tuesdays end Wednesdays than on'other days in the week A more extensive study is being carried on in one large city, Leicester, with the object of gaining more information upon which to base specific conexisicns re garding forms of pdlutlon*