Document BN0y90kRbMbyJ5666MnMqvaE

% PRELIMINARY REPORT OF INERTEEN ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY AT BLOOMINGTON DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS PLANT Prepared by: T. O. Munson Manager Aquatic Biological Sciences Vestinghouse Ocean Research Laboratory DISTRIBUTION V\ E. Shoupp Vice President Research end Development Center J. C. R. Kelly, Jr. Director Atmospheric, Terrestrial, end Karine Research B. A. Kerns Manager Environmental Control Headquarters Vorks Engineering J* C. Terrill Manager Special Projects Environmental Systems Department E. Boquist Product Safety, Reliability end Environmental Effects Headquarters Engineering J. B. "Brittain Manager Engineering Bloomington t fti'D' McClain Meneger Capacitor Unite . Bloomington j J t . Shoe i f Senior Materiel! Engineer Bloomington . K Sawyer Superintendent of Manufacturing Engineering' EXHIBIT "I" ^qpC00008853 200612 PRELIMINARY REPORT OF INERTEEN ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEY AT BLOOMINGTON DISTRIBUTION APPARATUS PLANT !. Background The initial sampling at Bloomington vaa done in mid-Ocaobtr, 1971 by personnel of the Vestinghouae Ocean Research Laboratory and the Veatingheuse Environtcental Systems Department. The Bloonrington portion of the Inerteen Environmental Survey has as its main objectives t6 determine if Vestinghouae activities in Bloomington have caused readily identifiable leakages of Inerteen (polychlorobiphenyl-- PCB) to the environment, and If so, to identify the aources of the material ao that auitahle corrective actions can be taken. Aa a result of previous discussions with plant personnel, at the time of sampling, certain potential trouble areas had been identified. Znerteen appeared to leave the Weatinghouse property by five routes: 1) shipment in staled units enroute to the customer; 2) washing into the sanitary sever during cleaning of finished units; 3) transporting of in* pregnated solid waste to sanitary landfill; A) leaching from spills external to the building; and 5) shipment of waste liquids to Monsanto for rtclai&ing. Routes 2, 3,* and A appeared to be the potential sources of trouble. II. Results and Discussion 1 Movement of Inartean via tha Sanitary Sewer. . Until very recently (the last six months), during the menu- factoring procass capacitor cans were coated on the outside with -1- V- NPC00008854 200613 lnerteen which was removed by a washing process draining directly Into the plant's sanitary system. This waste went into the Blooming ton sewage works south of town. Two sewage treatment plants arc located about one vile apart with effluents into Clear Creek \ i z is unclear whether the Vtstinghouse effluent goes into only one of these plants or both). The possible movement of Inertecn into Cletoar Creek was disturbing because Clear Creek meanders southward 12*15 miles and a empties into the Monroe Reservoir-- e large recreation area and Blooming ton's source of uster. Figure 1 shows the locations of the samples taken i r o n Clear Creek. Tl..es*e samples very definitely show susiantial c?\ec.ent of Ir.ertten into Clear Creek (the chromatograms were iden tical to the Ir.erteen used in the plant). An important point to notice is the drop fiom 64,2 parts per million (ppm) In B2 to 2.81 ppm in B3 further downstream. A sample (E19A) taken further downstream in the Monroe Reservoir about one mile from the intake to the Bloomington * water supply shews 0.6C ppm of a similar pattern. More importantly, the tissue of an adult, carnivorous fish taken from the reservoir exhibited only lov levels of.the type of PCB found in fish from fairly clean water. It would appear that, although substantial amounts of lnerteen were add.ed to Clear Creek from the Westinghouse plant, this creek has a high enoughbacterlal population and sediment load due to the Inputs from the sewage treatment plants to serve as a fairly effective biolo- gleel filter for removing the lnerteen before it reaches the Monroe Xeservoir. The creek elso appears to have e limited food-chain which does not^include fish ao that movement of lnerteen from the ereek to i humane aaeaa rather unlikely. % e -------- - 2- v- ---------------------------- " NPC00008855 200614 200615 Although the level of PCB*s Is bout 50 tines shove the anticipated background for s d e a n lake, the fish sample does not reflect this fact. The Banner in which the PCZ moves into the reservoir from Clear Creek nay prevent it iron moving up the % food-chain# Additional savples should probably be taken however to strengthen this point# 2. Movement of Xnertetn from Sanitary Landfills. * Three widely separated sanitary landfills have been used for Inerteen disposal and because each represents a very different situation they will be discussed separately. . /r 2.1 Sanitary Landfill Number 1# During the approximate period 1957-1967 both solid and liquid Inerteen wastes were removed from the plant by an independent contractor for disposal in a sanitary landfill located on a side-hill adjacent to Hlvay 48 about three Biles west of the plant# Although at that time this procedure was an accepted practice the results have been rather unfortunate. Figure 2 shows the locations of some of the saaples taken from this landfill area# Saaples B24 and B25 were taken from a gully which collects any leachates from the landfill passes through an animal farm and joins Richland Creek# Judging from the 3.0 ppm just below the landfill the 2.0 ppm on the edge of the farm end 2*3 ppm in the downstream position of Richland Creek, suitantial Inerteen leaches from~the landfill*. The samples shoved e complex pattern of PCB residues probably due biological degradation# A fish (Fish 1A) seined from Richland Creek contained 3.8 ppm of a similar PCB residue pattern l r v- NPC00008857 200616 '1 200617 i CO sof V- NPC00008860 i 200619 Two of the samples were rather confusing: an upstream sample on Richland Creek (526) contained 0.14 ppm Inerteen (about 10 times what one would expect from "background" environmental fallout) and a soli sample (B23) taken on a side-hill 'across from the landfill contained 0.72 ppm. One possible explanation was aerial fallout from the landfill, and, when inquiries yielded * the information that the landfill operator had been cited on several occasions for open burning, additional samples were taken on the hillsides surrounding the landfill in June 1972. Figure 3 presents data from these samples taken around the landfill* Although none of the samples is alarmingly high, the samples north and south of the landfill show levels about five times higher than would be expected if aerial fallout had not taken place. Runoff from the slightly contaminated land north of the landfill could easily account for the high value of the upstream sample in Richland Creek* One can imagine a number of explanations for B23 being more than ten times higher than the later soil samples-- e good possibility being that at one time the landfill operator aold waste Inerteen Co the firmer to oil the road and carryover contaminated the field next to -the road The most disturbing aspeet of the leaching from this landfill Is that the gully runs directly through a farm where ^animals (pigs and cattle) are being raised. Several years ago, the farmer brought suit against the landfill operator claiming t^at materials leaching from the landfill were Interferring with the reproduction of his cattle He claimed that hla cows sc- NPC00008859 200618 were having fewer calves and chat the calves were smaller and less vigorous The state of Indiana analysed leachates from the landfill but did not find anything to support the charge (they probably did not look for PCB's). Whether or not PC6*s could be causing the farmer's problem is difficult to say with out actually* sampling his animals but experiments with labors* tory animals have shown that PC2fa do Interfere with reproduction in the manner described above The leaching from this landfill could easily be getting into the human food-chain.^ Clearly in the case of the farm just below the landfill, PCB's could be contaminating the pigs and cattle In addition, Richland Creek meanders through many farms where cattle undoubtedly drink from it. Dairy cattle exposed to very low levels of PCB's will produce milk with levels several thousand-fold increased over the amount injested (contamination of milk is particularly serious because of the very large quan tities injested by small children, and the possibility that the milk Injested may come from the same contaminated source over I I long periods of time). \ i 4I 2.2 Sanitary Landfill Number 2. During the approximate period 1968-1972 disposing of liquid Xnerteen waste in sanitary landfill number 1 was dis continued and a new landfill (operated by a different indepen- dent contractor) was started for disposal of Xnerteen contaminated olid wt only. This landfill is located about 20 miles north west oj^ the plant in a rather remote area. The data in Figure 4 show that Xnerteen is leaching from i S ] v- I n H a H M ia B B a n H M H H B i NPC00008861 200620 200621 this landfill also, B30 was taken iron s pile of spoil which had washed down the gully and into the edge of the White River* When one conpares the upstream sample on the White River (B31, 21 ppm) with the downstream sample (B34, .24 ppm) it becomes clear that, although material is leaching from the landfill the river is already pretty well contaminated before it passes by the landfill area (as will be discussed later, however, the material could be emanating from the Vestinghouse plant). At first analysis, the data presented here seemed to clearly indicate that Ir&rteen contaminated solid waste could . /# not be contained in sanitary landfill as had been asserted by the Monsanto Chemical Company, This landfill appeared to be an ideal test site (unintentionally of course); the landfill seemed well attended, it reportedly bed received only Xnerteen contaminated solid vaste, and it was bounded by gullies sloping down toward a common junction. As It turned out, however, the case was not so simple. The landfill operator was removing capacitor cans from the plant which had not bean emptied, and apparently the landfill was only properly covered-over when somebody had arranged to come out for an inspection. The conditions were bad enough that a game warden complained about* the oily materials getting into the river from the landfill. Obviously, the data do not accurately reflect upon disposal of Xnerteen contaminated solid waste in a sanitary landfill. 23 Sanitary Landfill Wumber 3. During 1972 a third landfill site was used for disposal of solid waste contaminated with Xnerteen. Prior to using the vNPC00008863 200622 ltt9 bastline samples were taken around the area for PCS analysis. These samples all shoved traces of very "weathered" TCI residues * in the 010-.015 ppm range-- typical of areas throughout the country which have only received PCBvs from atmospheric fallout. 3. Movement of Xnerteen from the Plant. At the time of sampling the most likely area for movement from the plant appeared to be from the north side of the building where the tank cars delivered the material. All of the drainage from the plant grounds seemed to move, northward /* toward Stout Creek. The data presented in Figure 5 show the Inerteen levels around the plant. As was expected, all samples contained Inerteen and the area where the tank car comes in is quite high. The 16 sample seemed higher than would be expected if this culvert receives drainages only from the other^ditches around the plant. The most surprising samples were those at the south side of the building-- BIO at 6,300 ppm is 20-fold higher than the highest sediment sample which ve had analysed prior to this program. The material from the aouth side of the building appears to move south ward into a small gully. .Figure 6 shows samples taken off the plant grounds in the drainage leading to Stout Creak. Obviously a considerable amount of Inartetn laavaa tha plant grounds and moves into Stout Creek. B22 ahova 23.1 ppa In Stout Crt.k, nor. than tvo alias iron the plane. F^gura 7 shows aovcaant of the Inerteen into the Beanblossoa Creek and on Into the White River. A fish smaple et the Junction of * 4 - 11 R IlH H H B a a a H i v NPC00008864 200623 I * I nua NC00008865 200624 200625 200626 Stout Creek and Beanblossoa Creek ahowed 5*0 ppm PCD* mostly of the Xnerteen formulation (the FDA limit for human consumption in fish Is 5.0 ppm). The samples on the White River Indicate that consid#rable PCB material is being brought down river from some unknown source which cannot be from Westinghouse operations* It is not possible to determine magnitude of the contribution from Vastinghouse compared to the amount from the unknown without undertaking a detailed water monitoring program. Three fish samples taken from a commercial fisherman down* stream on the White River (near the Worthington Bridge) Indicate that fish from this portion of the river axeeed FDA limit for human consumption of 5.0 ppm Table 1 below presents these data. Fish B Fiah 9 Fish 10 Table 1 1242 ppm 1254 ppm 2.9 1.4 7.1 1.5 4.5 2.7 Total PCB 4.3 8.6 7.2 These fiah are very definitely transmitting PCB's to humans because we bought dressed filets prepared for cooking* Zt would be very difficult to pinpoint th sources of the material in the fish* but discovery of these high levels by s regulstory tgency could lesd to an investlgstlon which would almost certainly discover the leakage of material to the environment from the Bloomington plant* -1 5 - NPC00008868 200627 WORK SHEET i : < ! -' ? ll 1 *' . *0 **>* ! ^ sb y'j '-' ii ' "q 0 i i i------------------------ -----------------------!i :I 1 \ i 1 ii i J i ' S). i I +9 *- o C3> > 1 ? * in w *= N -C ^A rO N ^ oT 3 5 -o Ok j: ;* l ? ' i" " *v .1 ^ n i rn K j> ; 1 o i . a M Ul n s 1 -+ - V . i! h c ) i w ;> ft 9* i N` 1 l ii. ^ 1 ! 0 p 0 o ', o 0 01 G ^ -!!: 0 !' - 1! 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