Document B5nnLNjb193ygjg3VBjq600km

!2<>________________________ CHAPTER 11 ....; 1948 Guide 32--A-S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1092--The .Flow, of Air Through Exhaust Grilles, by A. M. Greene, Jr. and M. H. Dean (A.S.H.V.E.-Transactions, Vol. 44, 1938. p. 387). A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 936--Investigationof Air Outlet* in Class Room Ventilation, by G. L. Larson, D. W. Nelson and R. W. Kubasta (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions,-Vol. 38, 1932, p. 463). 34~A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 1076--Air Distribution From Side Wall Outlets, by D. \V. Nelson and D;.J. Stewart (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 44, 1938, p: 77). . 35--Measuring Air Flow, by G. L. Tuve (Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, December, 1941). 36_A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 959--Indices of Air Change and Air Distribution, by F. C. Hoiighten and!J. L. BIackshaw (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoL 39,.1933. p. 261); P. 37_The Temperature 25).. . ... of Evaporation, by Willis H. Carrier (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 24, 191S,' 3g--Psychrometric Tables for Vapor Pressure. Relative Humidity and Temperatures of the Dew-Point (U. S. Department of Agriculture* Weather Bureau, Washington. D. G.). 39--A Review of Existing Psychrometric Data in Relation to Practical Engineering Problems, by W. H. aGcatiorrnies,r'aAnudguCst.,.O1.93M7,apck. e5y28()A. JS.MJi. Transactions, January, ,1937, p. .- 33; Discussion A.S.M.E. Trans .... - 4.r"-Gas Analysis by Measurement of .Thermal Conductivity, by. H. A. Daynes (Cambridge Press, 1933). *1 --Testing and Rating of Air-Cleaning'Devices`Used for General Ventilation Work, by S. R-Lewis (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions. Vol. 39, 1933. p. 277). 43"A.S.H.V.E. Code for Testing and Rating Air Cleaning Devices Used in General Ventilation Work, adopted-January, 1934 .(A.S.H.V.E. Transactions; VoL 39,-1933. p.. 225). 43~A Test Method for Air Filters, by Richard S. Dill (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 44,1938, p. 379). 44~Industrial Dust, by Philip Drinker and Theodore Hatch (McGraw Hill Book Company; New York); Vol.4S3--4.A1.S92.H8,.Vp..E2.5S3t)a, naddaorpdteTdes1t9C28o.de for Heat Transmission Through Walls (A.S:H.V.E. Transactions, *--A.S.H.V.E. Research Report No. 685--Measuring Heat Transmission in Building Structures and a-Heat Transmission Meter, by P. Nicholls (A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, Vol. 30,- 1924, p.,65). . 47~Standard Method of Test for Thermal Conductivity of Materials by Means of the Guarded Hot Plate (Tentative), adopted July, 1942, by A.S.HiV.E. (AS.TM. Designation C177-42T). 44--Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus Complying With the Requirements of Section 4 of A.S.T.M. Tenta tive Method of Test for Thermal Conductivity of Materials by Means of the Guarded, Hot Plate, A.T.M. .4 9--Measurement of the.Physical Properties of the Thermal Environment, by-D.;W. Nelson. F. R. Bichowsky, L. M. K. Boelter, R. S. Dill, A. P. Gagge. John A; Goffv A. E.' Hershey, C. McIntosh,;F.. W. Reichelderfer, G. L. Tuve and C. Conditioning,. June, 1942, p. 382). P. Yaglou (A.S.H.V.E. Journal Section. Heating, Piping and .4*> 50--Instruments and Methods for Recording Thermal Factors Affecting-Human Comfort, by C. P. Yaglou, A. P. Kratz and C.-E..A. Winslow (Year Book, American Journal Public-.HeaUk, 36-37). 5l_The Thermo-Integrator--A New Instrument for the Observation of Thermal Interchanges, by C.-E. A. Winslow and-Leonard Greenburg'(A.S.H.V.E. Transactions, VoL 41, 1935, p. 149). . : Rad5ia2t--orI =MaBn=u>fRacTtuersetrisn)g. an d Rating Codes for Low Pressure Heating Boilers, 1945 (Institute of Boiler and si-A Carbon Monoxide Recorder, by S. H. Katz, D. A. Reynolds, H. W. Frevert and J. J. Bloomfield (If. S. Bureau of Mines, Technical Paper No. 355, 1926). 54--Rapid Determination of Small Amounts of Carbon Monoxide, by Martin Shepherd. Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 19, 77:: 1947. . Determination of Small Amounts of Carbon Monoxide in Air by Various Reference Methods, by' Martin Shepherd, NatioTtaJ Bureau of Standards Journal of Research 3, 351-8; 1947 R. P. 1777. 54--Commercial Standard for Mechanical Draft Oil Burners Designed for Domestic Installations, C.S. 75-42. National Bureau of Standards. 57--Commercial Standard for Warm Air Furnaces Equipped with Vaporizing Pot-Type Oil Burners, C.S. 104-46, National Bureau of Standards. '' New5 8Y--oErkle).ctrical Engineer's Handbook, by Harold Pender and Knox Mcllvaine (John Wiley and Sons, 59--Elements of Acoustical Engineering, by Harry F. Olson (D. Van Nostrand Co., New York). --American Tentative Standards for Sound Level Meters for Measurement of Noise and Other Sounds, X 24.3-1944 (American Standards Association). v Chapter 12.................. PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES Chemical Vitiation of Air, Physical Impurities in Air, Thermal, Interchange* - lietwcen the Body and Its Environment, High Temperature Hazards,. Ac-, climatization,'Upper Limits of Heat for Men at Work, Application of1'1' ' Physiologic Principles to Air Conditioning Problems, Effective : -Temperature Index and Comfort Zones T VENTILATION is defined in part as the process of supplying air to', . V or removing: air from., 'any space by natural or mechanical means1. The word in itself implies quantity, but air must be of the proper quality also. - The term air conditioning in its broadest sense implies control of any or all of the physical or chemical qualities of the air. The A.S.H.V.Ei Code of Minimum Requirements for Comfort Air Conditioning 1 defines it -`as the process' by . which simultaneously the temperature, moisture content, movement and quality of the air in enclosed spaces intended for human occupancy may be maintained within required limits. If an' installation cannot perform all of these functions, it shall be designated by a name that describes only the function or functions performed." ' CHEMICAL VITIATION OF AIR People living indoors bring about certain physical and chemical changes in the air. about them.' The oxygen content of the-air diminishes and the carbon dioxide-increases, but these changes are too slight to be significant except in air- tight spaces as in submarines. - Organic matter which is usually perceived as odors comes from the body or clothes. Moisture and heat are given off by the-body.. , There is no evidence of any ,toxic volatile material.given off by man to the ambient air. Stale-air may be offensive because of- odors -and may. induce loss of appetite and loss of energy. Objectionable body odors have the same effects. -.These reasons,whether.esthetic or physiological, usually make it desirable in the design of'air conditioning systems to provide for the elimination or control of odors arising from occupancy,' cooking, or other sources. This may be accomplished by introducing odor-free air in sufficient quantities to reduce odor concentrations by dilution to a level which is not objection-^ able. .. Odor-free air may be outdoor air or air which has been cleared,of Odors by sprption, washing, or,other appropriate means. , In the case of vitiation by a few hazardous, gases such as carbon mon oxide from, heating', cooking, and certain..industrial processes, .no satis-; factory chemical treatment for the elimination of the impurity has been found. The only really satisfactory solution is elimination at the source by local exhaust ventilation; or, if this is impossible, reduction to a safe concentration by dilution. ' (See Chapter 10.) In the case of contami nation by other matter, including volatile vapors and gases, chemical treatment for the removal or reduction of the impurities, has been made available through"air cleaning methods, which are discussed in Chapter 33 on Air Cleaning Devices.. When the only source of contamination is the human occupant, the minimum quantity of- outdoor air needed appears to be that required to remove objectionable body odors, or tobacco smoke.. The concen-t tration of body odor in a room, in turn, depends upon a number of factors; including, the dietary and hygienic habits of. the occupants (frequently 197