Document B5e5GdyLdJ97GD3JV4gM86dBJ

TOWOLDMONOQ25912 . ROWING IMPORTANCE OF SYNTHETIC RESINS IN COATINGS Pictures and inscriptions painted on Egyptian tombs and Chinese temples as long ago as 2000 B.C. mark the earliest known use of paint-like materials. Paint technology has still not changed its predominant reliance on naturally occurring materials, symbolized by ptuls of white lead and linseed oil. True, modernization has seen the development of new pigments, better vehicles, and more efficient manufacturing techniques, but the old stand-bys are still In use. ' The development of synthetic resins, however, has freed industry from dependence on natural resin* and has enabled the production of faster-drying and more-durable and more-resistant protective coatings than could be made from natural raw materials alone. The nitrocellulose- lacquer development in the early 1920's revolutionized automobile finishing. The discovery of alkyd resins in the late 1920's and the introduction of latex paints in the late 1940's further broadened the outlets for protective coatings and increased the sales of these products. Now, annual sates of protective-coatings materials amount to more than 600-million gallons, valued at more than 1.5-billion dollars. ' ' - ROLE OF PLASTICIZERS IN PROTECTIVE COATINGS Success of the new synthetic resins in protective coatings often depends largely on the modi fiers used with them. Plasticizers--one of the most important types of modifiers--can im prove such vital characteristics as flow, levelling, brushability, impact resistance, drawability, gloss, and luster. As a basic producer of more than SO different plasticizers, Monsanto Chemical Company is an important partner with synthetic-resins manufacturers and protective-coatings producers in the selection and development of the particular plasticizer system that imparts the best all-around durability, performance, and economy for every coating application. This bulletin is presented to help protective-coatings manufacturers formulate better finishes. It should be remembered that each suggested Hutting formulation should be carefully evaluated by the formulator in both laboratory and service tests before any final formulation is based on (nformntion contained in this bulletin. Of course, Monsanto's technical-service representatives are prepared to offer unbiased recommendations for plasticizer systems to meet any perform ance requirement, without obligation. 02212A5 TOWOLDMON0025913 CONTENTS MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CELLULOSIC COATINGS.............................. 1 Nitrocellulose......................................................................................... .......................... 1 Ethyl Cellulose .......................................................................................................... 7 Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate -- ............ --................................................... --.....11 Cellulose Acetate...................................................... ............................................ .......IS MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN VINYLCOATINGS...............................................17 PoIy(vlnyI Acetate) ............................................................................................. 17 Polyfvinyl Chloride) ......................................... -...........................................-............IS MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN RUBBERCOATINGS.........................................30 Chlorinated Rubber ....................................................................................................... SO Chlorinated Polypropylene....................................................................................... --36 Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers .................................................................................... J7 Synthetic Rubber ............................................................................................................60 MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN OTHER RESIN COATINGS Epoxies ............... --......................................................... ............. Actylics ............................................................................................. Polyamides.................................................. -.................................... Zein .................................................................................................... Varnishes and Alkyds..........................................-.......................... Silicones .................................................... -....................................... Phenolics .................................................... ...................................... Melamine..........................-............... -........ .................................... Shellac ............................................................................................... -61 -61 -65 -66 -66 -69 OTHER MONSANTO PRODUCTS IN PROTECTIVE COATINGS..................... SI Resin Additives................................................................................................. Coating Modifier.............................................................................................................. SI Antioxidants...................................................................... Catalyst / Clarifier.......................................................................................................... SI Odor-Masking Agents................................................................................................ 52 Preservatives .....................................................................................................................52 Flatting and Thickening Agents.................................................................................. 52 SI MONSANTO TECHNICAL SERVICE............................................................... .,........... 52 SHIPPING .....................................................................................................................--...S2 TECHNICAL LITERATURE .................................. .......................................................56 NiAlafCWitoMfcWflftNtcNeMltnrtMCMCMMWMHtotoHMrftraAirthicMtietvM WhSAWtMAUftowAmftHitAsroTM nrMssc* vorcHAfUAtriftr Of AhY MOPUCTS ittrtMiO TO. m tf utiiHetwi tnotti liwi ultmc apoa cm* Weed ciiMcl>iiitytw y mwitmicctw<iimic.** **l*4k SI 0) TOWOLDMONOQ25914 MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CELLULOSIC COATINGS NITROCELLULOSE .. Nitrocellulose is the basic film former for lacquers. Both the R. S. (regular-soluble) anil the S.S. (spirit-soluble) grades are generally used in lacquers. Films applied by these lacquenj pos sess the following characteristics: . ' . .. '. Fast diying Clarity Color stability Hardness Flexibility Mar and scuff resistance These lacquers are used for. a wide variety of coatings, including the following typical a^fpli-. cations: ' - Wood and furniture lacquers Plastics lacquers . Paper coatings and impregnants . . Metal lacquers ' ' Automobile lacquers ' ' ' Textile coatings . Aerosol lacquers Bronzing lacquers Nitrocellulose films, however, are quite brittle without plasticization. A wide variety of plas ticizers is used to improve the gloss, flexibility, and adhesion of these films; and the use of plasticizers increases the solids content of nitrocellulose films. The performance of varfous Monsanto plasticizers in nitrocellulose is shown in Table I. TABLE I--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN NITROCELLULOSE FILM Plesticlser (50 PHR) flerttttity (Schopper Fold Cycles) Tensile Strength (PU Elongation <%> Control (none) iDibutyl Phthalste Santicjzer* 160 tripHtnyl Phosphate Tricresyl Phosphite Banticizer Hi Santicizer $ . 20 10 14 --24 10 16 0660 2740 )6I0 4460 1220 2210 2210 < 4 10 1 24 7 11 a) Relative to permeability of unplaaticitcd film aa 100%. * SAMttciUAt Mdaumo Ct*kat C-->u>r Titdriairl. Rcfittcnl ta U.S. Ptunt Office. Moisture Permeability (%) 100 65 10 56 28 41 62 K TOWOLDMON0025915 The use f nitrocellulose lacquers on furniture has assumed large proportions. These lacquers give excellent protective coatings. Shown below are several examples of wood-finishing lac quers: . Ingredients \ R.S. Nitrocellulose (i/^sec.)4 R.S. Nitrocellulose (l/i'**c-H R.S. Nitrocellulose (5-6 set.) Miltic Resin (38% in toluene) Non-Oxidiiing Alkyd (60% n.v.) SantomITb* MHP SANTicfttk 160 or Dibutyl Phthalste SantiOSER 163 or Dioetyl Phthalate Zinc Stearate Paste Castor Oil ' Hi-Flash Naphtha Toluene Xylene Ethanol Isopropanot Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Celloiolvr** Acetate Methyl Ethyl Ketone . . a) Maleic resin-based wood sanding sealer b) Clear, high-gloss furniture lacquer with c) Clear brushing lacquer . d) 75-per cent nonvolatile in ethanol *) Zinc Stearate Paste composition: 1- 2b Parts by Weight ... 100 .60 ..>0 210 70 _ _ 60 IS 15 __ SO 120* IS 210 __ ,105 1)5 17 T1-8 r' __ 55 55 200 . 60 225 120 --. ___ 190 polishing properties P 100 ... 40 20 20 ,_ m1m7 15 155 70 15 65 _,,,,, 150 Ingredients R.S. Nitrocellulose (3-6 sec.) Zinc Stearate Magnesium Carbonate Castor Oil Hi-Flash Naphtha Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate SaHvetirai Menunto Qxaical Conpur trademark. XefUtertd In U.8. Piuat Office. * Tndtmwl ef Union Carbide Carp. Fsrh by Weight 25 50 1 8.5 90 18 45 17 OS*1** 0 TOWOLDMONOQ25916 Another broad area of application for nitrocellulose lacquers is in automobile finishing. Shorn) below are suggested formulations for the three coats used in the build-up of an automobllle finish: -. I Ingredients Nitrocellulose (Wec.)* Nitrocellulose (Wec.) Non*Drying Coconut Alkyd Blown Soya Oil *- Sakwciscr 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate Dioctyl Phthalate Tricrcsyt Phosphate Magnesium Silicate Fibrous Magnesium Silicate Dispersing 6? Grinding Agent Zinc Chromate Red Iron Oxide Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Lacquer Diluent Toluene Xylene Ethanol Isopropano! Butanol . Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Butyl Ceilosolve Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone * . ' 4 __ 100*4 __S0f- ' ,.. 9/ 9 29 __ 10.9 55 .. ,, ' __ 25 10 - 15 .... 20 __ 5 ) Rust'inhibiting primer b) Tint bate that can- be pigmented to prepare a glossy finish c) Clear, exterior metal lacquer . d) 75'pcr cent nonvolatile in ethanol c) 25'per cent solution in solvent consisting of: sh farts by Weight .... 100* 56f 4_5 . 1) ' --. -- 5 55 SS 195 __ _ 65 55 __ 110 __ 55 100 -- 75 __ 24 . __ __ 160 15 55 95 60 Solvents Toluene Ethanol Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Aeetate .far Cant 50 10 5 20 15 /) Add indicated ingredients (60% of the non'drying alltyd) after other materials have been grot rid In a ball mill. . g) 65'per cent nonvolatile in xylene. I \ 0221**1r* TOWOLDMONOQ25917 Clarity and adhesion are especially important whenever dear or pigmented coatings arc applied to metal surfaces. Shown below are example formulations for several metal lacquers: Ingredients . R.S. Nitrocellulose (Vk'Sec.)* % R.S. Nitrocellulose (Vi'sec.)* R.$. Nitrocellulose (20*sec.)* Non*t>rying Alkyd (609s MV) Santoute MHP * ,, Shellac Solution (17% in methanol) Damir Solution (SOtt in xylene) SantJCIzer 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate Tricreiyl Phosphate Toluene Xylene Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Butyl Lactate * h SO 20 10 25 . *. __ U 175 56 55 .. 115 -- |V 7* Parts by Weight 100 .. -- .... __ 7.7 '-- 12 ... 140 40 __ 45 45 __ __ 100 125 12 -- 45 24S -- 25 85 200 -- t(H 100 -- -- 42 -- 22 -- 150 -- 60 95 65 .-- a) General'purpose, clear, metal lacquer b) Lacquer with exceptional flexibility and adhesion for collapsible tubes, such as toothpaste tubes () Clear, silver lacquer d) Clear, brass lacquer e) 75*per cent nonvolatile in ethanol Various other metal and specialty lacquers are illustrated below: Ingredients It* R.S. Nitrocellulose (Vi'iec.)* R.S. Nitrocellulose O/rtce.)* Coconut Oil Alkyd (Non Drying) Dibutyl Phthalate Diitqdecyl Phthalate SANtOtire MHP Aluminum Powder ~ Carbqn Black Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Dirpersing/Grinding Agent Processed Clay Toluene Xyiche ' Ethanol Butanol Ethyi Acetate Butyl Acetate Butyj) Crllosotve Methyl Isobutyl Ketone . Dichtorodifluoromethane 22 __ 100 75 '_ __ II __ ..2 ... 170 16 45 ... 105 65 . -- _` Howpray, exterior, metal lacquer b) Aluminum lacquer for a chrome finish c) Clear aerosol lacquer d) White aerosol lacquer r) ?5'per cent nonvolatile in ethanol /) 60'per cent nonvolatile in xylene I2t> 12* Perts by Weight 50 50 1.0.0.. 125f 60 _... 24 22 ._ _2_0 --_ __1__6. __ .. _225 55 20 40 .. 115 .. 155 .. 52 .. 426 -- 709 144 200 __ 53 _16 12 --_ 6S 4 2 __ ._. _ .. SS 200 ' 590 TOWOLDMONOQ25918 Paper has become an important area for coatings and lacquers. Most protective-coated papers are used for cartons and labels. Lacquer films have also made washable wallpaper possible. Shown below are four example formulations of common paper lacquers. Nitrocellulose is the base for fingernail lacquers, of which formulation 19 is typical. Ingredients R.S. Nitrocellulose (^lec.) S.S. Nitrocellulose (l^'iec.) ' fitscsr* H*405S Diethylene glycol ester of terpene dibasic acid SANtlcitca 160 or Dibutyl Fhtbalate Dicyriohexyl Phthalate Damhr Resin (Dewaxed) Paraffin Wax Santoute MHP . Toluene ' Ethanol Butanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate 16* too __ n n .-- . __ 200 40 40 . 40 60 Mb lib ' farts by Weight 1_0_0_ , 100 __ 21 6 SO 12 26 S2 16 16 6 . 20 5 500 65 60 65 60 85 ' 60 170 120 1* too __ 50 .. __ too 550 50 .... 200 150 a) Heat-sealing coating for paper. DioctyJ, dibutyl, and dicyclohexyl phthalates, a> well si tricreiyl phosphate, can be interchanged as the platicizer with little effect in performance. The S. S. nitrocellulose would give a slightly better hjeat'ies! test on glassine. b) Moisture'proof, heat'icaling paper lacquer c) Fingernail lacquer * TitScnnk ef Csry Chmicsli, Inc. for vinyl cfcloridr'Vinyt scctile copolymer* .* . TOWOLDMONOQ25919 One of the expanding applications for nitrocellulose lacquers is as coatings for plastics mater ials. Shown below are example formulations of various lacquers for plastics: Ingredients R.S. Nitrocellulose (Vi'Kc.) \ R.S. Nitrocellulose (S*6*sec.) Super B<ftacttc* # 1001 Oii*re4#tive phenolic resin Non*oxiqjting Alkyd Resin Dioctyl Phthalate * " Santicizkr 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate Dihydroabietyl phthalate . Partially Estcrfied PentaerithritohMaleic Rosin Partially fiydrogenated methyl ester o( wood.rosin Low'color blown castor oil Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) VM fit P Naphtha Toluene Xylene Ethanol Ethyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Amyl Acetate Butyl Cdlosolvc Methyl bBthyl Ketone Methyl Hsobuty! Ketone 10*** 1_0_0 100 .... * IS ,, IS 62.5 .. 5)5 155 __ 170 ns . n* Parts by Weight .. too too ... ,, 100 .. 50 50 too 100 -- _ 90 .... 170 __ 1080 .. 410 __ S5 .. .. .. 770 11* . 100 ., -- 15 ... 115 _ -- -__ -- 190 '-- 90 175 .. 50 typical pigments and dyes can be incorporated by normal techniques. i) Lacquer with good adheiion to molded phenolic plastics b) Lacquer (or acrylic plastics (automobile ornaments) c) Coating for ethyl cellulose plastics including the "soft" types d) Lacquer (or Mylar*'* and saran*coated cellophane, has excellent toughness, adhesion, and flexi* bility. Dries in one minute at 100* C. ) * TiadcMik f RtkkkoM CkiSkil Indwtrirs ** Tradcalirk ILLiu Pont St Numwi V Ca. TOWOLDMONOQ25920 6THYL CELLULOSE Five basic properties make ethyl cellulose useful in many types of finishes and coatings: Color retention and stability - tow-temperature flexibility Selective solubility Alkali resistance ' 4*As a result of these properties ethyl cellulose Is used in a wide variety of coatings, indud the following: . Cable lacquers Aluminum-foil coatings Paper lacquers . Gel lacquers ' Plastics lacquers Furniture finishes . Sanding scalers Metallic finishes Decalcomania lacquers ' Floor-covering lacquers Bronzing lacquers Stop-off lacquers A wide variety of plasticizers is used with ethyl cellulose to develop its best properties most satisfactorily meet the requirements of each particular application. Table II prest evaluations of various Monsanto plasticizers in ethyl cellulose with an ethoxy content of ft 48 to 49.5 per cent: , ' TABLE 11--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN ETHYL CELLULOSE (48- TO 49.5-% ETHOXY) FILM PUsticiier (15 PHR) Yltld Point ip**) Control (none) Dibutyl Phthalate Diphenyl Phthalate Tricresyl Phosphate SANTICIXER 140 Triphenyl Phoiphate Bakticizer E'l$ Santicixer B-16 Santjcjzea KM 7 Sakticizer t*H Sakticizer 8 Santicixer 9 Aaocloa* 1242 Aaocloa 1248 Aaocloa 1254 Aaocloa 1262 Aaocloa 4465 6755 5625 5405 4550 5405 4550 4265 5485 4125 5475 4620 4620 4905 5475 6185 7110 8555 ) sr excellent C = good P spoor Tamila Strength (P**) 8960 5120 7680 7465 8555 6685 7785 4905 7965 7750 6900 7525 7595 7540 7825 8055 9050 Elongation (%) 50 58 58 48 58 50 40 56 58 52 54 40 56 . 50 28 22 22 Hardness (relative) 100 55 80 70 80 70 65 50 60 80 70 70 75 80 90 105 125 Atocioii Mobiimo Ckaiol Cmnw T*a4eatl. !i4 in U.S. Offset. Volatility E* G E B B B O G G B G O P P G B G Ftextbilm on Ugfit Exposure E B G B B B B B E B B E G G G G P 7 Of TOWOLDMONOQ25921 %> c * y\.Jh **1;, V / 7:r ' ^ { >f7 4A$\ J <V /*: :;; /// `* `' tl--y'f ' ' * > i l!$ l '.. "v , 'r V LJiiL. j s*'*: ........... /I Ethyl ipelluloso-bassd Uequars improve the gloss end protect the eppearenee of high-quality wallpapers. Shown below are several suggested starting formulations for ethyl cellulose-based lacquers: lagrtdiwli Ethyl Cellulose * AROCLOR 1254 Aroclor 5460 Diphenyl I^hthalate Tricreiyl Phosphate . Dioctyl Ptyfcalate Liquid pofy(inethylstyrene) ' Panially csterified pentaerythritohmaleic rosin Octylphenol Pcntaphen* 65 (p'tert*amylphenol) Santocel**FRC silica get Antioxidant v Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Epoxy stabiliser Toluene *' Xylene Ethanol Butanol ' Butyl Acetate Celioiolve Butyl Celioiolve 24* 28* 26* 274 Parts by Wolght tool 64 ' 1.0.0.s 504 .. --100 ~* 50 ' --. -- 0.4 A200 0 --1120 . 280 mMm. -- 466 146 117 .5.9 __ . _ 1001 __ 72 --100* -- .. J4 27 -- 7.2 1.8 16 -- --` 544 II 107 * 428 85 __ _2,9. 1_.0.7 -- 28* 1----00` -- 22 -- too -- 178 __ 555 256 154 108 145 a) Alkali*reiistant white lacquer /) 47.5'49.0-% ethoxy. 10 cp b) Hard lacquer for rigid surface* g) 47.5*49.0'% ethoxy. 14 cp . c) Tough lacquer for many surfaces h) 47.5*49.0'% ethoxy. 22 cp d) Wallpaper lacquer . f) 45.5*46.8'% ethoxy, 200 cp t) Polyityrene lacquer (to minimise polystyrene crating, polystyrene solvent* are kept at a minimum) TnSeairt of PtMuft Ckaktli. Inc. awiMiM Mwiw Ckaiul Coaptay TnitaiA. R*|i*u4 to U.S, o 0')) TOWOLDMONOQ25922 Ethyl cellulose Is widely used as a resin In protective-metal finishes, such as the following suggested starting formulations: Ingredients Ethyl cellulose (45.556.8*% ethoxy) Sujper Bec^dctte #1001 Glycerine eitcr of hydrogenated wood rosin RiftlMiNE* S81 mclamine'formaldehydc resin Aroclor 1254 A^Dclor 5460 ,," Trfcrcsyi phosphate Triphcnyl phosphate Sakticizer B-16 BrNTONOX* antioxidant Ukravio1ct*1ight Sereener Epoxy Stabilizer - ' Xylene Isopropanol Btityl Acetate ) Chromium lacquer b) Aluminum-foil lacquer 19* lo> Jib . Pert* by Weight 10mCILmIK 50 .--_ .ioo* too* 46.7 ,.,, . 4? 25.5 55.5 --mm . -- ' -- 1 1-- 10 _----10- 1 1072 267 267 200 66.7 66.7 68 o p d) 10 cp J2 too* 80 ----20 J20 80 So|id plasticizers such as dicyclohexyl phthalatc, triphenyl phosphate, and Aroclor 5460 ar^ used in flow-back lacquers to give the desired flow-back characteristics. The flow-back is u*| ually achieved by brief heating to about 350F. Formulations 33 and 34 illustrate the us| of solid plasticizers in typical flow-back lacquers based upon ethyl cellulose: Ingredients Ethyl cellulose (47.5'49.0'% ethoxy, 10 cp) Partiallyetterified pentaerythritol-maleic rosin Aroclor 5460 or liquid poly(methylstyrene) Triphenyl Phosphate Dicydohexyl Phthalate Carnauba Wax '' Toluene Ethanol 55 to_o 50 .1_6.7 5.5 240 60 ' Parts by Weight . )4 . too 16.7 r>_1.7 16.7 5.7 510 78 .* RuiuiNt and Santohox: Monunto Chemical Company Trademark*. Retiuercd in U.S. Patent Office. TOWOLDMONOQ25923 The following suggested starting formulations illustrate the use of ethyl cellulose in two strip* pable coatings (Formulations 35 and 36) and in a hot-melt coating (37): \ Ingredients 38* 363 37* Ports by Weight Ethyl cellulose (47,3*49.0-% ethoxy/30 cp) Peraplex* RG-2 polyester resin Super Becfcerite # 2000 , Non-oil-reactive phenolic resin Hydrogenated wood rosin Raw Castor Oil Hydrogenated Castor Od Paraffin Wax (m.p., |J5*F) Dioctyl phthalate Axociox 1254 Soy-bean lecithin Octylphenol Stearic Acid PenraJjfren Non-leafing aluminum . Heptahe Toluene EthanttI fsoprdpano! 100 13 -_ S,I, 22 --. SL .7 2.2 114 326 196 65 63 .100 *, ,100 _,_,,_ 100 T,,, ' 2 2 ___ 306 184 61 61 100 1t33_ 133 167 3m, m3., . __ ) Aluminum colored b) Solvent based c) Low moisture permeability, good heat-sealing characteristics* and excellent low-temperature flexi bility The use of ethyl cellulose In size emulsions is shown in the following formulation, which is made by dissolving the resins and plasticizer in the solvents and the emulsifying agent in the water. The lacquer phase is added to the water phase with agitation. The resulting crude emulsion Is homogenized by one pass through a Premier Eppenbach or Montar-Gaulin mill. The resultant finished emulsion is. filtered through a 30-mesh cloth. Ingredients Lacqutr Phase _ Ethyl cellulose (47.5-39.0*% ethoxy, 100 cp) Durrs** 550 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Triphenyl phosphate Xylene .. Hi-flash Naphtha Butanol . Water Phase Potassium Oleate Water . Tirfwut ml Sot.* V llm Co. Mf Hooker Ckroliil Com* 38 Ports by Wolght 100 20 70 270 160 50 S 325 10 Jt 0 TOWOLDMONOQ25924 CELLULOSE ACETATE-BUTYRATE Cellulose acetate-butyrate resins display excellent low-viscosity properties, making attainable high-nonvolatile-content lacquers for spray, roll-coat, or brush application. On evaporation o f ' the solvent, these lacquers produce films with the following characteristics: . ` Adhesion Clarity . . Toughness ' ' Heat resistance Solvent resistance .. Cellulose acetate-butyrate can be utilized in a broad range of air-curing coatings, including thi following: Clear and pigmented metal lacquers. Paper and textile coatings and itnpregnants Plastics lacquers Hot-melt coatings Wood lacquers Protective pcclable coatings Glass and rubber coatings - . Cellulose acetate-butyrate resins are available in 17-, 27-, 38-, and 50-weight-per cent butyrai content. Since the application of these surface coatings cover such a .wide spectrum, the selec tion of the best combination of cellulose acetate-butyrate resin and plasticizers for a specific use poses complex problems. The performance of various Monsanto plasticizers in the four com mon cellulose acetate-butyrate resins is shown in Table 111. I t 0221257 1 I TOWOLDMONOQ25925 TABLE III--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CB1ULOSE ACETATE-BUTYRATE FILM 17-WI. %-Mynl -Wfc %-Myl 5-Wt- %*lll flsiTVher PHR) Dimethyl Phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate Dioctyl Phthalate Dieyclohexyl Phthalate Diphenyl Phthalate Santiozer 160 Dioctyl Adipate SANTtOZER E-15 Santiozer B'ld Santiozer M'l7 Santiozrr 140 Santiozer 141 Tricresyl Phosphate Triphenyl Phosphate Sakticizer i-H Santiozer 3 SvsrJ HmAmn 32 30 36 38 48 34 . 26 24 24 26 36 28 40 32 32" Tensile Strength Bowgetien Sward tP-J) i%) Hardness Tamila Strength Elongation Sword tp^l (%) Hardness 6600 3900 .4100 6000 .___ 3800 3600 3200 3200 3500 4000 3000 4000 4800 4000 3300 8 12 8 8 21 9 22 ' 23 18 21 18 15 15 21 17 58 . 8600 40 4600 44 3700 38 6500 36 7500 42 4500 ---- 48 5900 50 6000 28 4100 40 5000 48 4900 46 5900 40 4700 32 6900 32 1500 19 29 12 25 18 39 -- 30 26 15 20 21 21 28 16 15 46 38 44 30 42 42 28 34 40 52 42 44 54 40 46 34 Tensile Strength (P'l Efengatiea *a_w_arAe w Hardness Tensile Strength (p) BengatSsa (%} 4200 2800 2900 3900 3800 2700 2100 2000 1800 1800 2700 2300 3000 2500 3900 1800 14 54 12 38 19 26 31 v 24 28 40 13 30 12 14 14 20 15 18 18 22 13 30 15 20 20 40 10 30 46 28 27 36 4500 2300 v 1400 2500 2800 1600 1200 1400 1200 1500 1600 900 1700. 1700 2600 1500 9 9 IS 27 M 15 8 13 17 19 15 10 17 15 31 X4 0221258 o ft TOWOLDMONOQ25926 Shown beiow are several example formulations for Important cellulose acetate-butyrate lacquer!! ' Ingredients 79* 40^ 41* 424 Pirit by Weight Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate (Wiec.) Ambeiol* 820 hard rosin-modified maleic resin Acrylic Ester Resin tDC S55B (50% n.v.) - .. Axoclor 1260 Axoclor 1262 Axoclor 5460 ' Tricrcsyl Phosphate SaNTICIZIR 409 ^aktolite MHP Btlvriso*** 100 Toluene fithanel butanol Isobutyl Acetate 4 Acetone * Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Dow Corning 200 Silicone Fluid (1000 cs) 100 Tr 75 , rara ., 740 60 , 75 ,, .T __ .. 100 100 79 __ L __ __ rr '-- .. 71.6 ra_ __ rara 50 __ , 475 700 105 50 __ 50 764 50 __ .. _ __ 100 __ 47 . 75 75 rara __ 750 560 417 ____ 167 82*5 a) Low-cost, flame-resistant lacquer for paper coating and impregnation b) Paper lacquer with exceptional adhesion to inked surfaces c) High-gloss paper lacquer . 4) Lacquer for cellophane, cellulose acetate-butyrate, and cellulose acetate <) General-purpose metal and metal-foil lacquer (gold, silver, aluminum, and chromium) 41* too ra 77 rarraa --72 12 51 786 14 57 ._ 106 OX Hot-melt coatings constitute an important area of application for J^-sec. cellulose acetati butyrate lacquers. The use of dioctyl phthalate as the standard plasticizers for hot-melt coa^j togs is shown in the following formulas: - *' Ingredients 44* 48k 46* Farts by Watght Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate (^-aec.) UoCLOR 1260 Moctyl Phthalate titanium Dioxide (non-chalking rutile) Calcium Carbonate (precipitated) ANTOWHiTct Powder Refined Antioxidant Mor-masking Agent 1_0_0 67 22 122 0.2 OX>2 100 6,, ,6.5 --0.17 100 80 _70 --0.7 . a) Pigmented fiberboard knife-coating for exterior exposure . b) Clear melt coating for heavy, one-coat film; economical (no solvent low) and low application hai c) Clear, low-cost, flame-retardant melt mating . . * Tn&mtl of Xohei V Hmi Co. Tttdtntil of Funet, Caapbctl Darting* Inc. ' ... Tn4ra.il *1 Era Sturfitl Oil C*. ^ tlMtnvmui Morwanto Cbtaical Ctostir TnftMtl. X*i<iurt4 In U.S. Pmcm Office. TOWOLDMONOQ25927 Strlppable spray coalings are increasingly useful in various industries. Cellulose acetate-butyrate provides an excellcht base for coatings of this type. The following are two typical applications: Ingradiants \ 47- 48* * Parts by Weight Cellulose Acetate'Butyrate (Wsec.) Aroclor 1260 Aroclor $460 ._ Tricretyl Phosphate 8anticixer 409 Dioetyl Sodium Sulfosucdnate Sodium Dichromate Toluehe Cthanbl Isppropsnot Butyl Acetate Acetone Methyl! Ethyl Ketone . 100 60 90 1.6 i$i 65.5 __ 26.5 47.5 47.$ 100 27J ~ s 45 9 0.7 $12 102 __ 97 a) Flame*rcsistant, bruihable coating b) Temporary* easily strippable coating for shipping tools and machine parts containing corrosion inhibitors The following formulation illustrates the use of cellulose acetate-butyrate base as a wood filler and prefinish: . Ingredients Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate (Wsec.) Aroclor $460 Magnesium Silicate Toluene * Butanol ' Butyl Acetate 49 Parts by Weight 100 214 642 85.7 71.5 514 To provide protective and decorative coatings for materials such as glass, rubber, and leather, various specialty coatings have been developed. The following formulations are characteristic cellulose acetate-butyrate lacquers: . Ingradients .* SOParts by Waight Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate (/i-sec.) PCD 5J5B (50% n.v.) Plosion* 511$ (60% n.v.) Urea-formaldehyde Resin SaNTIQIXBR 409 Dow Coming 200 Silicone Fluid (1000 a) Santowhitb Powder Refined Antioxidant Toluene Xylene Ethanol ' Butanol Butyl Acetate 100 74.$ 74.$ .... 1.1 417 178 178 89 ' 100 ' 21.8 20.5 0.07 216 144 ' 57 57 117 ' , * ' i) High-luster lacquer with excellent adhesion to GRS rubber b) Clear glass lacquer with exceptional adhesion to all types of glass even after water immersion Trsdmsik at Allied Cbiakel Co*. < <D 14 O 0221260 I TOWOLDMONOQ25928 CELLULOSE ACETATE The following properties of cellulose acetate make it adaptable for many specialized lacquers: Toughness Clarity Durability Stability to heat, light, weak acids, and oils Good dielectric properties These properties make it useful for metal, wood, paper, textile, leather, and plastics coatmgs. Plasticisers improve the flexibility, suppleness, and other physical properties of celltfose acetate films. . In Table IV are presented performance data for several Monsanto plasticizers In cellt^j acetate molding compositions. . TABLE IV--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CELLULOSE ACETATE COMPOSITIONS FUtfieftsr ISt.6 PHR unless otharwisa (pacified) Solution Temp. (cj Dimethyl phthiUte 120 Diethyl phthilate 140 Santicizer M'17 148 Santicizer E*15 148 Santicizer 8 m Santiciier 9 152 Triphenyl phosphate (42.$ PHR) 180 Hardness at 70*C Reciwall "M" Seat* .22 * 1$ 6$ $0 ' 75 90 81 Flexural Strength , (Ib./iq. In.) 5840 5680 7110 6920 6860 9160 9020 Watai Absorb* j In 48 In, 1%) . 1.14 1.20 0.77 0.97 0.94 0.85 1.17 Shown below are two example formulations of cellulose acetate lacquers: Ingradiants 82* Farts by WatgM Cellulose Acetate* Atkyd Resin Santicizer M'17 Zinc Oxide Phosphoric Add (aids adhesion to metal) Toluene Ethanol . Butanol Methyl Acetate Hitromethane 1'Nitropropane 100 40 50.7 80 0.05 212 176 .28.7 244 176 a) White mctel lacquer for interior use b) Gcneral'purftoie spray lacquer () S2.S'S3.$'% combined acetic add, low viscosity S2 100 20 r2r7 0.05 272 206 54.4 127.5 287 206 IS **1*6I TOWOLDMON0025929 Paper and cloth coatings are important areas of application for cellulose acetate. Shown below are three suggested starting formulations: . Ingredients Cellulose Acetate Triphenyl Phosphate Santicizer M*17 Santicizer E*I 5 SANTICIZER t>H Water Ethanol Butaiiol Methyl Acetate Ethyl Aeetate Acetone ' N *. 64* 100' 18.5 .*16 . .. 108 * __ . 660 ) Heat*resistant paper lacquer b) Greaseproof food*pacltaging lacquer 0 Flame*retardant, stain-resistant cloth coating J) 55*56'% combined acetic acid, low viscosity t) 54*55*% combined acetic acid, high viscosity 6$6 Parts by Weight 100* __ __ 67 _ 67 too __ --550 56* 100* _6_0 . 50 ` 100 40 650 __ Cellulose acetate lacquers impart the best adhesion, gloss, and durability on cellulose acetate plastics. The use of these lacquers minimizes plasticizer migration. Shown below arc some char acteristic formulations: . Ingredients S7 . Cellulose Aeetate Dures 500 Santicizer B*15 Santicizer M*t7 Santoutb MHP Water Toluene! Ethanol ' Ethyl Acetate Methyl Celloiotve Methyl Ccllosolve Aeetate Aeetone l*Nitropropane . 1004 1.,0.IU0. 260 . H,, ,,,i 740 . -- 4) PIasticiter*imgration*rfiistant lacquer b) Cellulose acetate plastics lacquer t) 0*1 dipping lacquer d) 55*56*% combined acetic acid, low viscosity 1) 5,2.5*55.5*% combined acetic acid, low viscosity /) Add toluene slowly 5t 696 Parts by Weight 1,0.0* m2m0.5 , 156 41 __ 116 275 116 100' 6__0_ 40 _ 226 68 .t... 195 455 195 60* ,100* __ 82 I5t 415 149 10t 2M __ __ 0221264 TOWOLDMONOQ25930 MONSANTO FLASTiCIZERS IN VINYL COATINGS J POLY{VINYL ACETATE) Surface coatings based on poly(vinyl acetate) fulfill a variety of requirements and are char acterized by: . Ease of application Fast diying Good adherance ' . High gloss -. Transparency Resistance to water, fats, and oils .. Poly (vinyl acetale)-based formulations are used extensively in the following applications: Cloth coating Paper coating and impregnation . Paint primers and sealers Interior and exterior paints Greaseproof, oil-resistant coatings Wall-patching compounds ' A wide selection of plasticisers for poiy(vinyl acetate) and its co-polymers is available. Gen erally these plasticisers increase flexibility and tack, increase water and grease resistance, and lower heat-sealing temperature. Performance evaluations of several Monsanto plastici^i in poly(viny) acetate)-emulsion adhesives are listed in Table V. . '\ )ZZ1263 TOWOLDMONOQ25931 TABLE V--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN POLY(VINYL ACETATE-EMULSION ADHESIVES flestSdiM* YdW3Siy (24 hoar* at IT* C$ Activated Carfcoa) 1%) Lev-Temp. RexibitHy (Modified Clash 1 Berg Test) rej 02 Extreefioo--Walght Lass After 24 Hears at Room Tomporataro Kerosene t%) Peenet 03 Cottonseed 03 Aroclor 1221 3.2 --5.0 0.63 Aroclor 1232 4.8 4.0 0.54 Aroclor 1242 4.4 5.3 0J7 Xriphenyl Phosphate 2.0 ' 5.7 * 0.02 Tricxcsyl Phosphate 0.75 3.6 ' 0.16 Dimethyl Phthalate . 5.6 * --1.6 * 0.92 Diethyl Phthalate 4.8 . --5.0 0.85 Dibotyl Phthalate . 4.4 --6.1 * 0.59 Diphenyl Phthalate 5.9 . 1.31 Santicxzer B-I6 `* 2.2 , --3.9 . 0.08 Saktiqzer M17 3.6 1.5 0.19 Santiceser I'H 1.5 __ 0.96 Saktiozer 8 3.6 6.4 0.43 Samtiozer 9 ' 3.1 '-- 1.13 Sahtictzer 140 1.2 5.0 0.15 SAMTIOZER 141 118 --3.3 0.17 Samtiozer 160 - 2.1 1.9 0.20 <) 11 parts la 100 parts Gdwt* $*55 poi)r(viB^ acetate) emulsion. Rims 0.040*iach Aide. * Gtf--t TndmA of fttoUpa Rote Corp. Rtsfctyed ja Ui. htm Off**. , .. 0.37 0.38 V 0.75 0.63 . 0.51 0.90 , 0.46 0.50 0.36 0.60 0.S7 0.34 0.42 0.39 y 0.38 0.46 0.93 0.82 0.S9 0.98 0.36 0.48 0.53 0.64 0.63 * 0.36 0.31 ' 0.34 . 921220 oe TOWOLDMONOQ25932 1 The following suggested starting formulations illustrate the toughness, durability, and grease resistance imparted to paper and cloth coa'tings by poly(vinyl acetate): Ingredients Poly(vinyl aertate) emulsion fclvanol* 7130 PoIy(viny1 alcohol) (10# Aq. Sol'n.) Methyl Eiter of patually hydrogenated wood rosin Santicjik* 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate Sakticiie*. 141 . Calcium carbonate (fine ground) ,, - Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) * Tamol** 731 Dispersing Agent (25# Aq. SoTn.) Water . Polypropylene Glycol (1200 molecular weight) 41* too* 8 ___1__7 9.4 423 arts by Weigh! 100< . >0 ' 8.2$ 119.25 13.25 2.10 34 1 43* ' 100* 10 __ 13.75 96.75 10.75 MO 34 1 Properties . Total Solids, per cent Viscosity (26*C), cp Pigment : Binder Ratio JPVAc Resin : PVA Resin Ratio rVAc Resin : Plasticiser Ratio . a) Artificial-leather coating for knife-coating of cloth or paper b) Pigmented greareproof coating for flat board c) Greaseproof coating for flexible board . ' d) Polyco*** 111H <) Gelva S-55 or Elvacct* 81-900 65 * 1600 2t1 18 : 1 6.6 : 1 ' - 6$ 2700 1.5 : 1 18 : 1 4t1 Preparation of 61 . . ' -' Blend plasticizer and wood-rosin methyl ester. Then add poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion. Preparation oj 62 and 6} 1. Prepare a stock solution of poly(viny) alcohol) by slurrying In water at room tenperature with good agitation. Heat for 30 to 40 minutes at 185 to 190F. Aid water for solids control as required. 2. Continue stirring, add the plasticizer, polyethylene glycol defoamer, and Tamol 7)1 pigment disperser. 3. Add the pigments, stirring until dispersion is complete. 4. Add the poly (vinyl acetate) emulsion and stir until a homogeneous mixture is obtain* ci. * Tn^nirli of E. I. dti Pont 4t KtMun V Co. * Tndrmirt of Robot V Ifati Co. 3* Tnftoiil of Tbe Botdrn Co. \ 19 0221265 TOWOLDMONOQ25933 A paint thinner and a quick-drying primer sealer tor masonry and wailboard coatings are exemplified by the following suggested formulations: - \S Part I Gelva po!y(vinyt acetate) Emuliion T5 22 $ANTiatea 160 or dibutyl phthalite - fiHi by WtifM ft100 100 Pari II Water Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Htgh'Vucosity Type 70) Burtonfte* X 90 guar'ieed gum 58 1.25 0.75 40 Part 111 Water Tamol N dtipertfng agent Tctratodium pyrophotphtte Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Mica 260 80 0.1 0.) 15 >0 50 a) Paint thinner . b) Pigmented priraer*aealer: quick drying. non*penetrating. and insoluble in mineral apirita Preparation 1. Prepare Part I by adding the plasticizer at a moderate rate to the emulsion with stirring. Continue agitation for 20 to 30 minutes or until a smooth, uniform mixture is obtained. 2. To prepare Part II, stir the carboxymethyl cellulose into the water, continuing agitation until Complete solution occurs. For the thinner, add the guar-seed gum and stir until a completely homogeneous mixture is obtained (about 10 minutes). Use of water at 70 C (160F) accelerates solution of the thickeners. Stir the plasticized emulsion (Part 1) into the thickener (Part II). 3. a) Add the remaining water to the thinner (formulation 64). %. . b) For the scaler (formulation 65), dissolve the dispersing and dcflocculating agents into the water. Stir In the pigments, and mix or grind the slurry. Add the sealer base (the mature of Parts I and H) and thoroughly mix with the pigment slurry. * Tftdmwl ot TV SwamUm Co*pur 20 02212** TOWOLDMON0025934 Poly(vinyl acetalc)-emulsion paints for Interior and exterior surfaces are suggested in til following formulations: InifidliMi . Perl I . Wer Burlom'te X*90 gutweed gtim *' \' . Pert 1/ OcIva Poly (vinyl acetate) emulsion TS 22 Santiciier 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate Pert I/I Water Temol 72l (1% *oln.) Dispersing Agent Carboxymcthyl Cellulose (Low*Viscosity Type 70) Chromium Oxide, opaque Titanium Dioxide (rutile, 20%: calcium sulfate, 70%) Titanium Dioxide (rutile) Mica a) Lfght'green, interior, emulsion paint b) White, exterior, emulsion paint 66* Nrtt by WIgS* 41.0 04 67* ' 194 0.66 100 12.2 100 6.2 110 6.5 1.2 6.5 66 22 , 14.6 67 1.2 0.9 -- 22.4 29.6 -- Preparation ' Part I Add the guar-seed gum to the water with higb-shear mixing until a homogeneous solution i obtained (about 10 minutes). Part U While stirring the poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion with a high-shear mixer, slowly add the pla tlcirer. Stir for 20 to JO minutes after the plasticizer is added or until the mixture becomi uniform. Add the plasticized poiy(viny) acetate) emulsion (part II) to the guar-seed-gum soli lion (part I), and stir for 10 minutes or until homogeneous. Partlll . With the colloid mill operating, sift the carboxymcthyl cellulose into the water and dispersinj agent solution in an aluminum or stainless-steel vessel. Mix until dissolved. Slowly sift in pi| - ments in the order listed. Grind to desired fineness. Add paint base and stir for 10 minute. Filter through an 80-mesh screen. \ 0 TOWO LDMON0025935 The following suggested formulation Is for a poly(vlny) acetate)-based latex wall-patching . compound: ' Ingredients M hrti by Weight Potyfvinyl ncetete) emulsion Hydroxycthyl Cellutoie (75% n.e.) Tricreiyl Phosphite Meiro-Nite #4 ' Water Ethylene Glycol - . 100 50 5 771 <5 55 Preparation ' Mix the poly (vinyl acetate) emulsion and the hydroxyethyl cellulose solution in a pony mixer until completely dispersed. Stir in the water and ethylene glycol. Mix for 5 minutes, and add the Mctro-Nite in 5 equal portions, allowing each portion to wet down thoroughly before adding the next portion. Add the tricresyl phosphate and continue to mix for 30 minutes. Properties Consistency Konvolatiles, per cent . Pigment : Binder Ratio, weight Density, lb./gal. Pasty - spreadable and workable 81 . 12.2:1 16.6 Vinyl acetate is often copolymerizcd, as for example, with vinyl pyrrolidone. The following common Monsanto plasticizers are compatible with vinyl acetate-vinyl pyrrolidone (70/30 to 30/70) copolymers: .' Dimethyl Phthalate. Dibutyl Phthalate Santicizer B-16 Santicizer -15 Santicizer Ml ' Santicizer 213 . Santoute MHP ' , Dimethyl Phthalate and Santicizer E-15 are particularly effective in imparting flexibility to this copOlymer. The following starting formulation gives an anti-tamish coating that dries to a clear, smooth film without "orange peel" and that can be simply washed off with a synthetic- detergent solution: - Ingredient* ' Vinyl Aceutc/Vinyl Pyrrolidone Copolymer (70/50) Santicize* B'I6 Icopropanol Propellent 11* ' [Propellent 11* * For non-seroiol applications substitute methanol for propellent. " *9 frft by Weight 100 s , 145 575 575 12 .0221268 c 0 TOWOLDMONOQ25936 POLYJVINYL CHLORIDE) Foly(v!nyl chloride) and Its copolymers are widely used in protective coatings. In generi coatings based on poly(vinyl chloride) display the following characteristics: ' . . . . . ' Hardness Flexibility Abrasion resistance - ..Chemical and water resistance - Greaseproofness t Electrical resistance Nontoxicity Odorlessness Tastelessness Flame retardance . Poly (vinyl chloride) coatings may be applied in any of the following forms: Solution. Solvent must be volatilized to develop strength. Latex (emulsion). Water must be volatilized. Short bake helps develop optimum propertii Ptaslisol. No volatile solvent. Curing temperature: 3OO-3S0F. Organosol. Some volatile solvent to control sprayability or coatability. Curing temper ture: 300-3S0oF. ' . Powder (fluidized bed). Product to be coated U heated to high temperature and suspend^ in fludized poly (vinyl chloride) powder. Since the applications for poly (vinyl chloride) are so broad, only solution and latex coatinfc; re described in this bulletin. Other Monsanto literature discusses plastisols and organosols In detail. Monanto offers more than 70 plasticizers to enable the poly(vinyl chloride) formulator in develop the balance of characteristics required to meet his requirements successfully. The per formance of some of the plasticizers in poly (vinyl chloride) is indicated in Table VI. \ 13 0 I9 ToWOLDMO N0025937 TABLE VI--PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN POLY[VINYL CHLORIDE) PUsticltar (67 PHJt) Vola+Sty (%!<*) Dsnodccyl phthalate Dntooccyl ptitlulatc Di*2-ethylhexyl phthalate Samtiozer 160 Santoozer 165 SANTtaiea 21) Saktiozer 214 Saktkxzrr 602 * SANTlCtZER 603 $ANT20ZEX 630 Santiozer 631 Tricresyl pWphttt Saktiozer i 40 ' Saktictzer 141 Di-2-cthylhexyl adipate Dusodecyl adipate Or^iMctrl, ndeqrt). adipate Saktiozer 409 (50 PHR) 2.2 4.3 4.5 11.3 10.3 18.1 10.0 3.5 12.8 18.8 16.2 1.0 3.6 7.4 13.9 . 3.4 8.1 0.8 Wafer Immersion U*>Tnp. FWnMfty (T,, *CJ Soluble Matter 1%) Wafer Absorbed (%) --35 - --17 --39 . --24 - --41 --21 --36 --36 . --36 --33 --35 --to --15 --39 --66 --65 --63 --8.7 0,02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.56 0.22 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.08 __ 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.28 0.80 1.8 0.25 0.27 0.33 0.31 0.26 0.30 0.36 0.66 0.36 0.53 __ Kerosene Extraction Hardaem Shore "A* >70 42 46 5.2 27 6.3 > 70 63 45 35 40 2.4 2.1 7.3 > 70 > 70 > 70 1.2 . 78 . 74 66 72 77 75 73 77 ' 76 74 79 76 64 65 74 68 92 lifignfea linda S$ea Day. mI 7 (%) (%) 1.51 2.93 4.76 1.17 2.11 4.73 1.08 2.13 3.98 1.27 2.56 4.15 0.93 3.56 5.23 1.2 2.7 4.8 1.06 3.27 5.84 1.05 2.58 4.22 0.96 3.14 5.82 0.89 2.32 4.22 0.97 2.57 4.60 0.4 0.8 1.6 0.63 1.63 2.70 1.55 4.6 9.0 7.5 13.5 21.0 9.0 17.7 27.4 7.8 22.8 35.9 0.25 0.49 0.69 TOWOLDMONOQ25938 Solution Coatings Because of their excellent permanence and performance characteristics, poly (vinyl chloride Mslns are ideally suited for metal coatings. Like other coatings, however, they require a su| ble primer for satisfactory adhesion. The following formulations exemplify the versatility Nr flonsanto plasticizers in the manufacture of poly(vinyl chloride) solution prime coatings: Ingredients Vinylite* VMCH* Vfnylite VVHH* gxon 470* Elterified Copsl Resin Tricresyl Phosphite BANTictzen 409 Dioetyl Phthslste Red lead pigment ttue lend pigment 2j(nc Oxide (colloidal) iTitanivm Dioxide Propylene Oxide toluene Xylene Methyl Isohutyl Ketone Ethyl Amyl Ketone (lycJohexanone , ** . 70* . '' * ` <2.5 17.5 _ _ 18 .-- _ 75 210 ,. 216 ' . 71* 72` Peris by Weight ... 100 .... too 16 -- `-- 4 12 25 -- 140 514 -- .-- 4 170 188 .... 170 100 8 I! 71* _ too -- -- -- UM. 26 -- 241 -- -- 162 40 162 40 , i) Air'dry or low'belce primer (200* 500*P for a short rime) b) Genersl'purpose primer c) High-temperature-beke primer (250* * >75*F) d) Vinyl chloride copolymer (metal*adhesfon type) Tfi4(Birt of Union Csrbtdo Com* * Tndentfk of Ftrtttorw PUitkt Co. . ! -..s\ Ak* 1 \ ( ' ,.i C5 .-J. ji" Vinyl solution primers and finish coatings impart attractive, durable protection to numerous metal products. . 0221*71 TOWOLDMON0025939 A variety of solution formulations may be used in intermediate and final coats as illustrated below: .. tngredienh Exon 4S0f Vinylite VAGW Vtoy!<`< VYHMf Vfnyiitt VMCW Uree*FormatdeHydf rain lUetn WW liquid epoxy rain Tricreiyl Phoaphite Santickcr 14| Dioctyl Phthalate Diiaodecyl Phthalate SANTICIltX 40j Blown Caitor Oil Titanium Dioxide Zinc Oxide Cuproua Oxide Aluminum pigment Antimony Oxide Propylene Oxide Stabilfoer Toluene Xylene Methyl laobutyl Ketone Cyclohexanone 74* '-- \ 100 .-- -- _ 10 __ _ __ __ 45 ... too -- -- -- 19 9 __ 1.25 42 55 17.5 .. 204 160 ,,r 40 204 * 160 40 a) Intermediate coating b) Gentral-purpoie industrial coating , <) Metal finish d) Corrosion-resistant coating e) Antbfouling coating (MIL P-13911) ft Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer 74V 77V 76' Peril by Weigh! -- 100 __ -- 16 50 _ 50 ._ M. 10 67.1 ., .. 16.7 14.2 __ 7.5 __ 67 .... 45 -- .. __195 255 46 195 255 46 -- ___ 57 -- __ __ 140 64 56 -. . 7* 60* 100 _ __ -- -M- ` , __ ` 15.4 -- ... _6.7 100 .. .. 100 _ too .. 56 _ -- .. __ 6.7 15 127 455 -- 1000 .. _ ... _ 220 550 -- . When extreme corrosion resistance is required, the use of Aroclor plasticizers is suggested: for imparting resistivity to chemical attack, they are unsurpassed. Independent evaluations of the chemical resistance of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer paint, modified by eight types of materials; (alkyd resin, phenolic-chinawood oil varnish, ester gum-linseed oil. varnish, Aroclor 12S4, dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, polymeric plasticizer, and acrylic polymer), showed that Aroclor 1254 has the "best all-around chemical resistance, failing badly only in the gas oline test." Paints were sprayed onto solvent-cleaned, unprimed, cold-rolled-steel panels, which were then immersed it) seven types of solutions until failure. The data in Table VII, excerpted from the November 1955 issue of OJJicial Digest of the Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, compare the chemical resistance imparted by Aroclor 1254 and by dioctyl phthalate. ij \ Jl 20 0221272 II TOWOLDMONOQ25940  TABLE VII--COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PLASTICIZERS IN VINYL CHLORIDE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER PAINT fUtticiiT___ Tim* to Ftilur* In Cerreilvn M.dl. Dloclyt Phthalate (%) AROCLOR I2S4 (%) 10% 10% Sodium Hydrochlerie Hydreilde Acid (days) (hour*) Gasoline (days) 5% Sodium Hypochlorite (dy>) 10% Aeotie Acid (hour*) 10 -- 10 25 *- 25 40 __ -- 50 i) End of test 120* 120* <0 120* 60 120* 02 . 168* 24 120 . 24 96 0.4 5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 4 64 15 168* 4 ' 64 14.5 120 4 48 11 100 Untaed Oil Fatty Aeidi (day*) 60 90* 27 90* 22 60 I I In' other corrosion-resistance tests of polyfvinyl chloride) plastisols, containing 70 parts P'"ticlzer per 100 parts resin, a formulation that contained 1 part Aroclor 1254 to 3 parts di :tyl phthalate was much more resistant to 15 per cent nitric acid at either 23 or 50C fojr six months than a compound plasticized with dioctyl phthalate alone. The plastisol modified with both Aroclor 1254 and dioctyl phthalate was also more insist* ant to 25 per cent chromic oxide at 50C for four weeks and was equivalent at 25C fcpr six . months in comparison with the dioctyl phthalate-modified vinyl plastisol. Coatings are frequently based on combinations of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymeij and nitrocellulose resins, as exemplified by the following suggested starting formulations: I Ingredients Bktir H-4055 R.S. Nitrocellulose (l/a aee.) Tricresyl Phosphate Dioctyl Phthalate Epoxy resin Titanium Dioxide (non-chalking rutile) Carbon black Toluene Xylene n*Butanol Ethyl acetate Butyl acetate Crllosotve Acetate Methyl Isobuty! Ketone Methyl Amyl Ketone 81* . 50.2 49.8 >9.2 * __ >8.8 >.> >57 >2.4 25.9 56.5 142.5 __ >2.4 12* Farts by Weight l> 40 60 ' M. 22 > . __ 200 100 50 50 '' ->5 __ 50 175 100 124 125 50 25 50 50 -- i) Gray automobile lacquer - b) Clear indoor lacquer c) White indoor lacquer; apply over auitable primer and bake */j hour at 150*P 27 02212*3 TOWOLDMONOQ25941 The fallowing formulation illustrates a nontoxic paperboard coating for food packaging: IngradSanti Vinylite VYHH Vinyhte VMCH Vinylice VAOH $ANTiaita 141 Acetone Methyl Itobutyl Ketone \ 4 firtl by Walght 80 to 10 25 500 175 Strlppable lacquers have become increasingly important as protective coatings for a variety of materials. Shown below are two formulations (85 and 86) that illustrate this type of coal ing and one (87) that exemplifies a sprayable coating with good webbing characteristics: Ingraditnh 88* Jtxon 468 vinyl hlotide*vinyl acetate copolymer 27 Exon 470 vinyl chloride copolymer (raetahadhetion type) 5 Exon 481 vinyl ichloride>vinyl acetate copoylmer 70 Vfoylit* VYHH vinyl chloride'Vinyl aceute copolymer __ Santjcixex 160 __ Santiciiex 409 51 Dioctyl Phthalate 16 Dioctyl Adipate 14.7 Aaoctoa 1254 w Prime pigment* Titanium Dioxide 27 ,,,, Stabiliser 12 Propylene Oxide 6 Socony White Oil #818 Toluene Xylene '. . 70 _ Methyl Ethyl Ketone 812 865 Parti by Walgh! . __ -- 100 11 -- -- -- -- -- 5.5 -- 6.7 24* 254 ) Sprayable waterproof coating 6) Lacquer with good apray qualities and quick'drying, hard* and opaque (Dm <) Sprayable web coating 87* -- 100 80 -- -- -- 52 -- -- -- -- 116 -294 o Jt 28 \ 022**7* .r_. ....... ^ . ' JJ TOWOLDMONOQ25942 Latex (Emulsion) Coatings Whenever the characteristics of poly (vinyl chloride) and its copolymers are desired, but [the hazard of flammable solvents cannot be tolerated, the use of a poly(vinyl chloride) l^tex (emulsion) is indicated. Shown below are three suggested starting formulas: Ingredients . Geon* 251 Cron 252 Cron 5*76 . * ' Dioctyl Phthalate (65% emulsion)* Dioctyl Adipate (65% emulsion)* .* 8akticizer 141 (65% emulsion)* Santicuer 409 (65% emulsion)* Arocl'or 1254 (45% emulsion) Goodrite* K'710 thickener (5% solution) Mobilccr** R microcrystalline wax (45% emulsion) JCrltex*** thickening agent (2% solution) Titanium Dioxide (50% dispersion) Calcium Carbonate (50% dispersion) Antimony Oxide (50% dispersion) Color Pigment (50% dispersion) Iron Oxide (50% dispersion) Dibasic Lead Phosphite (50% dispersion) 81* Peris by Weight 90* 100* __ 20 IS .. 15 -- 1 -- .... >0 15 ,, -- . * -- .. too* _ 10 . __ > . .... 20 -- 100* rn .. __ 25 7 -- -- 250 45 15 -- S loosely woven fabrics before subsequent a; read coating with an organosol or plastiso! Jute'felt floor covering or automobile'trunk liner c) Flameproof coating: complete immersion then squeeze rolls (patented) d) . Solids *. r) Typical Plasticiser Emulsion: ' Ingredients Plasticiser Water . Oleic Acid Ammonium Hydroxide (28%) . .. * TiUcmiW of B. P. OoodiiA Chemical Co. lor poly(vinyl chloride) mini ** Tndcmei! of Socony Mohil Oil Co. Tredcmait oi Kcleo Co. Peris by Weigh! CS |j.4 1.25 0.15 \ 29 0221275 TOWOLDMONOQ25943 The use of vinyl chloridc-vinylidcne chloride copolymer latexes in fire-retardant, intumescent coatings for wallboard and acoustic tile is shown below. The use f the solid plasticizer, diphenyl phthalate, improves the viscosity stability of formulation 91. h Ingredlenti. \ . tl Monoammonium Phosphate - Dicyandiamide Pentterythritol Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) ' Diphenyl Phthalate Anionic Wetting Agent, Add Stable Wattt 11 Parti by Weight 12 . 56 10 52 12 5 1,25 4744 56 10 22 12 -- 46*61 iU Dow Latex 744B (vinyl chloride'vinylidene chloride copolymer) 40 SAWticixen 141 or Dioctyl Phthalate .. Suspension Agent, Acid Stable Anionic Emulwfier, Acid Stable -- 42.$ 10 0.6 1,2 Preparation ' 1. Mix the intumescent agents, pigment (and plasticizer and wetting agent for formula tion 91), and water. Disperse with two passes through a high-speed stone mill. 2. Add the latex (plasticized for formulation 92) with medium stirring. The eppliealiont of vinyl tales costings are increased by the addition of intumescent ltd ftre-retprdant agents. JO 0221276 TOWOLDMONOQ25944 d f> MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN RUBBER COATINGS CHLORINATED RUBBER Chlorinated-rubber-bascd coalings are widely used because of their resistance to co rosive agents, moisture, fungus, mold, and other destructive agents. Consequently they are ted in such applications as the following, which require extreme resistance to the above deterit rating agents: . ' Masonry ' Flame-retardant finishes . .; Chemical plants ' Railroad equipment Marine equipment Swimming pools Food-processing buildings ' Highway paints Monsanto manufactures many plasticizers that are useful with chlorinated rubber. Partit ularly beneficial are the Aroclor compounds, which enhance the chemical resistance of the trnlor- inated-rubber-based finishes. Table VIII indicates the utility of various Monsanto plast cizers in chlorinated rubber: ' TABLE VIII--EVALUATION OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN CHLORINATED RUBBER FUtffchor Good odhotlon 4o RoitiUneo to Alum* Stcol tnum Cop* Trani' $*Ud Cotie* 10% 5% Sodium Woftr Sword] |CeW* por Ho Wood phono Hydro* Sodium Chlerido Hord< chloric Hydros* non Ktltl* Add Ido Itenee Akoclor 1254 Akoclor 1260 Akoclor 5460 Dibutyl Phtholote Santicizer B-16 Tricmyl Phosphate Triphenyl Phosphate Santoute MHP X - X---indicate* food odheiion or resistance 1 4 2 5 7 5 4 .2 Although chlorinated rubber is unaffected by acids, alkalies, salts, moisture, and fungus it is very hard and brittle. Consequently plasticisers and plasticizing resins must be added to make useful coatings. To make chemical* and corrosion*resistant coatings, the modifiers must like* wise be nonreactive with acids, alkalies, and salts. As little as five per cent of a sapon fiable material, such as linseed oil, alkyd resin, or ester plasticizer, seriously detracts from the i lkali resistance of the finished coating. Monsanto Akoclor compounds, such as Aroclor 546 )| and Akoclor 1254 or 1260, are the best available plasticizing resin and plasticizers, respee tvely, since they are unaffected by acids, alkalies, or salts. The following formulations illuslra t the use of Aroclor compounds in combination with chlorinated rubber to make chemical y re* sistant maintenance coatings: ` OZZI277 TOWOLDMONOQ25945 IngrodionH Mimm 91* 9S 96 Fori* by Woight Porlou* (20*cp) chlorintted rubber Long-oil frying olkyd Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Dioctyl Sebacatc Titanium Dioxide Zinc Oxide Zinc Dun Silica Flour Carbon Black Red Lead 1(97%) Eipcblorobydrin Dibaiic Lead Phoiphite fientone** 54 gelling agent Xylene Soli'ciso 140 Solves*? ISO Turpentine Aico***D 100 44 27 mm * -- mm -- S5S 0.6 4 12 104 55 280 too 45 27 mm m..m. 1015 mm mm . mm 0.45 4 12 ,. 1_0_0 54.5 27 116 -- mm 1.2 O.S 4 12 75 79 __ __ 25 21 200 200 100 45.5 27 It 116 -1. ' mm 1.2 0.5 4 12 rnm 79 mm 21 200 ) Good adhesion to ateel; resists ult-fog test or water immersion at !00*P b) Outstanding resistance to salt'fog test or water immersion at 100*F c) Meets a1kali*rcsistance requirements of Federal Specification TT'P*9l d) For basement floors 97* 100 __ 55.5 55 89 11 __ mm __5 ,,__ --12 -- 257 _26 M' 100 44.5 55.5 -- mm 89 11 16.5 1 m,m, __ 12 259 -- _ The high-alkali content of fresh concrete or masonry requires the use of saponification-resistant modifying resins and plasticizers in chlorinated-rubber coatings. In highway paints, the need for corrosive-resistant plasticizers is further intensified by the spreading of salt and other chemi cals during winter. The abrasive action of sand, cinders, etc. on highway markings requires the use of nonoxidizing materials that do not harden and cause embrittlement and loss of abra sion resistance of the paint. The alkali- and chemical-resistant and nonoxidizing Aroclor compounds meet the stringent requirements for highway-paint plasticizers. . Swimming-pool paints modified only with Akoclok plasticizers are much more resistant to blistering than chlorinated-rubber paints modified with alkyd resins. High pigment-volume con centration is recommended for concrete swimming pools to let the moisture in the concrete above the water line escape without buildup of blister-causing hydrostatic pressure. Low pig ment-volume concentration is suggested for steel swimming pools, however, to help form a water-impervious film to reduce blistering. The following suggested swimming-pool-paint for mulations have given excellent performance: Cl IhSmI HtrttJltl Piwdcr Cmbphir TiwkiiI of NtliMil Uid Company Ttwnuk of Anirtfii Mineral Spirit* Company 12 02212^8 TOWOLDMONOQ25946 Ingredients Lacquer Phase for Concrete to 100* tarts by Weight 101 ` Parian (20-cp) chlorinated rubber Duraplex* C-40 (100%)* Aroclor 1254 ' Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Magnesium Silicate Phthalocytnine Green Bentenc 24 gelling agent Tween** 60 surfactant Epichlorohydrin Xylene * 4" Solvesso 100 . Water Phase 100 50 SO 112 115 2.0 12 1 450 00 . 100 so 50 112 116 2 12 . 1.3 210 50.7 too 50 50 50.5 50.7 1.2 3 0.6 255 28 Methyl Cellulose (4000 cp) Sodium Oleate Distilled Water Properties . mm -- ` 7.6 15.7 520* -- Solids, wt. per cent Pigment volume-concentration, % Viscosity, Krebs units Viscosity, Brookfield, cp. No. 4 spindle, 30 rpm No. 4 spindle, 12 rpm 45.1 25 74 . ., <4.1 S< -- 6.000 12,000 30.0 20 . <) Emulsion, prepared by slow addition of water phase to lacquer phase with mixing until emulsion is formed b) Meets gloss requirements of Federal Specification TT-P-95 . c) Compatabilited by the presence of Aroclor 1254 .* d) In lacquer phase The use of Aroclor plasticizers in chlorinated-rubber coatings for railroad equipment helpt im prove the necessary resistance to high humidity, extreme weathering, and various chem cals and fumes. The following suggested formulations for a primer-and-topcoat system pn vide , maximum chemical resistance, especially for use on tank, hopper, and cattle cars and on r ght- of-way equipment in industrialized or coastal areas: Ingredients .. 102 frlmer 103 Topcoat .fa..r.t.s....b..y...W...o..t.g..h..t Parlon (20-cp.) chlorinated rubber AroM * 1365 Ba^elitr CKU-5962 phenolic resin dispersion Maleic Acid Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 Titanium Dioxide Lampblack Zinc Chromate Magnesium Silicate Aluminum Stcrate (10% gel in xylene) Cobalt Naphthenatc (6% cobalt) EpicKlorohydrin Epoxy Stabiliw : Antiskinning Agent , Xylene Hi-Flash Naphtha Turpentine 62 IS 2 105 10 1.5 2 270 100 40 26 157 0.0 0.08 0.5 2 200 156 70 * TndtMii t( Rota Him Ce. TnhMii of AsIm Mm Ce. **Tt4cnfk ef ArclwrDiftMb'Mrtlifd Cb, Tnbnirl el Union CnWt Cm. 33 TOWOLDMONOQ25947 Chlorinated rubber makes effective wood coatings for long service life, as illustrated by the following formulations: ' Ingredient! 104* 105k 10V Nets by Weight Pdrbn chlorinated rubber long-oil drying-alkyd Durante* C-55 linreed oil Aroclor 1354 Aroclor 5460 Titanium Dioxide Xylene Hi-FUiH Naphtha Sotimo 100 Turpentine Mineral Spirit* . \ , 9? (30 ep) 25 _m * nmm 96.5 69.5 9iir9i ,,,, -- 100 (20 cp) s, o 50 __ _4_0 120 40 -- * 100 (10 cp) 115 14 59 ___ _286 286 ) Marine finirh with good roistance to salt water and to algae and other marine growth b) Extremely xbrxlion rcilicent c) Rspid-drying finish. Pertiel replacement of linreed oil with Akoclox 5460 speed* the dry time and improves the alkali and chemical resistance. The Aroclor plasticises the oxidised linseed oil to prevent brittleness. A threc-coat, high-build, maintenance-paint system has been developed, based on an all-chlor inated vehicle: chlorinated rubber and Aroclor plasticizers. Conventional brush or spray coats are usually only about 1 mil thick, so at least five coats are needed to attain the minimum S-mil thickness recommended for maximum chemical resistance. The required thickness is easily built up with the chlorinated coatings by either brushing or spraying: primer, 2 mils; mid coat, 3 mils; and top coat, 1 mil. This new system has been compared with all classes of commercial. maintenance coatings in both laboratory and exposure tests. Coated panels were subjected to spot tests and immersion tests in salt fog and hot water with various chemical reagents. Color slides of the test panels are available for examination from Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware. Ingredient* Ferlon Chlorinated Rubber Aroclor I2j$4 Aroclor 5460 Dioctyl Sebacate ` Red Lead (91% grade) Zinc Yellow Mica Indian Red * Talc Bentene 58 gelling agent Magneiium Silicate Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Lampblack Stabiliser A-5 Epichlorohydrin Toluene Xylene * C. K. W.llli.i Co.. Dl. ol Cku. PftKi V Co., toe. " UojM Ctlbldo PbHiCI Co. 34 Primer 100 (20 cp.) 55 26.5 162 50 50 5 66.5 15 S 0.5 490 ' Mid Coat 9#rlt by Weight 100 (20 cp.) 49.5 24.8 __ >2 5.5 33 20 1.6 5 0.5 518 Top Ceel 100(10 40 24 \ 10 . 119 1.5 ) 0.5 186 169 02Z^80 C 0 TOWOLDMONOQ25948 .1 tl A recently-developed continuous-painting process for finishing metal offers savings on capital Investment, plant space, and operating costs. The technique utilizes the physical propertied of trichloroethylene, the only solvent in the paint. Metal parts enter the unit covered with grt and leave the other end completely painted and dry to the touch. Detailed information abbjut the process can be obtained from Du Pont, Wilmington, Delaware. The following formula^ has given good characteristics in this continuous-painting system: , . ViMcl* 107 Inoradtant* * * Parti by Weight Hgmant DUptnlon* Parfon chlorinated rubber (JO-cp) Long-oil drying relin An.OC.LO* 1254 Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Bcntone JS gelling agent Epoxy stabiliser Trichloroethylene 67 0 a.o H) 29 100 l.2 . a) Add pigment dispersion to the vehicle after 24 hours in pebble mill ' b) Add gelling agent to pigment dispersion during last two hours of grind Mastic compositions are used to deposit thick films with a minimum number of coats. Mast os modified with Aroclor compounds can effectively seal cracks in concrete, smooth rou ;n Concrete surfaces for subsequent glossy coatings, give excellent corrosion resistance under i etre conditions, and retard fire. A typical starting formulation is the following: Ingredients Parlon chlorinated rubber (20-rp) Aroclor 1294 * . AROCLOR 5460 Asbestos Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Toluene 101 Parh by Weight ' 100 20 49 160 25 200 Although this mastic formulation adheres well to either wood or masonry, a primer is suggested before application to steel. To further increase fire retardance, replacement of 33 parts of tqe asbestos by 47 parts of antimony oxide is suggested as a starting formulation. A combination of chlorinated rubber and a rosin-derived alkyd resin, plasticized with Asoci)or 1254, forms the basis of a high-gloss paper coating that is nonblocking and heat sealable, gives a gloss of 79, is nonblocking either face-to-face or face-to-back for 40 hours at 130j and 2 psi, and is heat sealed in % second at 275 F and 120 psi. Ingredient* Parlon Chlorinated Rubber (10 cp.) Tieolyn* 2) Rosin-Derived Alkyd Rerin Aroclor 1254 Toluene . faper Coating parts by weight 47.4 52.6 5.2 105 * Tmdeuth ef Hercules Mu Co. 0221281 TOWOLDMON0025949 CHLORINATED POLYPROPYLENE . Chlorinated polypropylene produces clear, colorless films, appears equal to chlorinated natural rubber in Chemical resistance, and is noticeably more heat and light'stable. Aroclos plastici sers are very compatible with the resin and are recommended in the following starting formu lations: \ . ln|nJtih Chlorinated Polypropylene Aaocioa $460 Anocion li54 Dioctyl Sebicate Epoxy Srabiluer Toluene -. 10* * Ports by Weight 100 (10 cp) 2? 44 7.8 8.1 260 no 100 (20 tp) 27 44 7s2 8.1 260 )00*P Ht Stability 1 hour 2 hour* 8 hour* $ hour* 18 hour* Sunlight Stability* 24 hours 48 hour* 96 hours 144 hours ' Film Prop.rti.s` v. si. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow black v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow __ -- si. yellow aL yellow mod. yellow mod. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow si. yellow brown Yu'O'U'celi Chemical ftesirtnnce Water 10% hydrochloric add 1% sodiurji hydroxide .' excellent excellent excellent . excellent excellent excellent e) Lacquer* were iprtyed on "bondetised" itee] pinch. Films were 2.5- to 2.0'mQi thick liter 72* hours air drying. 'Determined in the Atlas Electn'c Devices Co. Fede-Omcter .. 02 2124* TOWOLDMONOQ25950 STYRENE-BUTADIENE COPOLYMERS Styrene-buladiene-copolymcr resins are widely used in the following suface-coatings applida- lions: Enamels Maintenance finishes Exterior masonry finishes Aluminum finishes Wall scalers . Paper coatings Printing inks These resins form films by evaporation of solvent. Paint formulations based on atyrene-bi|l diene resins have demonstrated the following advantages: Good resistance to alkalies and acids Excellent water resistance Satisfactory rate of moisture-vapor transmission Tough, durable films Excellent adhesion to masonry and allied surfaces Resistance to mildew Resistance to staining and discoloration Self-cleaning through controlled pigment chalking Ease of application Rapid drying -' Excellent can stability . The most common plasticisers for styrene-butadiene resins are the Aroclor compounds, but Santicizer B-16, Santicizer 160, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, and tricrcsyl p lOSphate are also useful. JT 0221243 TOWOLDMONOQ25951 If i. Shown bctow ate several example formulations based on these copolymer resins: i t K \ 111* 1122 lit* 1144 l9r*dlftl* farts by Walfht Pliolite* S') Pisolite S5 Pliolite S-5A Pliolite VT i - 97 __ . too 100 __ mm ^ _ too Arocior 1254 48 50 48 49 Aroclor 5460 ' 48 50 52 52 Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Phthtlocyanine Green Toner Lampblack Zinc Oxide Magnesium Silicate 2,4,,2, 4 __ ' <9 278 140 11.6 1.2 _ 160 _m.M_.nl__ 164 _ Diatomaceous Silica Mica 103.5 87 92 _80 82 Calcium Carbonate -- 220 144 147 Soya iLecithin 6.4 6.6 Thixdn** Thixotropic Agent Aluminum Stearate (di'icid) Hi'Flaih Naphtha L L mmi 224 _*6.4 *6.6 Mineral Spirits 208 224 Solvesro 100 Toluene . _208 n 127 \ VM V P Naphtha ... 190 209 a) White, non*chalking stucco paint b) Green masonry and swimming'pobl paint t) White traffic paint 0. 1 d) For chalking paint: substitute titanium dioxide (anatasc) i. Formula 115 illustrates a wall primer-sealer: Ingrrilmh IIS Nrii by Welflhl Pisolite S-5A (3)i/j% in petroleum naphtha) Aroclor 5460 (50% in mineral spirit*) Aroclor *1224 Lithopone Tiunium Dioxide (Rutile) Magnesium Silicate Soya Lecithin Aluminum Stearate Mineral Spirits #10 A/ter grinding in pebble mill, add the following: Pliolite $*5A (3)>/j% in petroleum naphtha) Mineral Spirits #10 . ' ' 48* 22.5* II 92 16 20 '1.6 1.6 27.5 . *52* 11.5 | a) Solids contents | Tn&vu't if Ooodmr Tin V Rubin Co. In itrRM'buuditM niiu I * TndtMrl ( B*Wr C*mm Oil 0. 1" 1 i f I \ 0 02212** TOWOLDMONOQ25952 ' l j i *. i i j | | j ! ;& , i ! i ' 1* i . 1 i i !* The following formulations represent metal lacquers for three applications: ' Infnditnli 116* Mmbon* "9100" LLV IMarben **9200** LV Motion "9200" MV . AROCLOR 1254 Aroclor 5460 Aluminum Pane Pale Cold Bnlli<mt**.#157 - [Mica (water-ground to 525 mesh) 100 hydrogenated naphtha . Mineral Spirits Xylene - Ethanol Ethyl Acetate 100 . 25 . M . _. ___ mm i. 12.5 112.5 pry Time (Dust Free), min. Viacoaity #4 Ford Cup, aec. 20 ' Ml *) Clear, rapid-drying hard lacquer b) tow-coat, general-purpose, interior, aluminum enamel c) Gold-bronte, decorative finish 1178 . Farts by Weight 100 __ 81 181 116 _ 1_0_8.5 455 505 _ * 10 14 til' ,, __ 100 26 42 157 111 165 _ _ -- -- -- A variety of styrene-butadiene-based paints arc illustrated by tbe following starting formi 1(Ions: * Ingredients i!9- Marbon 9545 chips Marbon 9548 chips Marbon 9551 chips Marbon 9566 chips Marbon 10829 chips Marbon "9200** MV Raw Tung Oil Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 5460 titanium Dioxide (Anataae) * Zinc Oxide Extra-Fine Talc Diatomaceout Silica ' Chrome Green A 4464 China Clay lecithin Aluminum Stearate jOobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Z|inc Naphthenate (8% line) APAt X2280 ^entone #54 gelling agent Mineral Spirits (Low Odor) Hi'Fluh N.phth. Petroleum naphtha 7 40 * 45.5 mm 9.5 ,, 5.5 19 15.5 --_._. . .a.n.. . 0.05 0.09 0.12 mm _ _ 1)5 <) Tile-red, high-gloss, concrete-floor paint b) White, exterior, masonry paint c) Flat, white, interior, wall paint d) Dark-green, gloss, trim enamel * TndcnirV ( Boit-Wamcr Gam. (or wiRiM-buUdieM min * 4[J Titdtniii m CiKni_bicni< Pw^tr <Jn, Tiadcnstfc el Paper V Color Gorp. 120* I2I( Ports by Weight . .' .. _. 1_0_0_ 49.5 49.4 129 57 128 . _ 25.6 72.8 5.6 1.5 I0.S [. 9.9 0.59 0.9 _ _ 0.155 __ 0.027 , J0 mm 52 212 \ I22< . _. 100 12 28 55 10 88 55 5. 157.5 142 1 ,! i 0Z2l2< TOWOLDMONOQ25953 The following formulations are suggested for a highway paint and an exterior masonry paint based Oh styrene-butadiene: - Ingrrflrali IM* 4` \ hrli by WiIyM Pieeo/lfX* 120 (flaked) (lolidi) SANTicirta 160 or Dibutyl Phthalate 100* * 14 ' fo, o* Aroclor 1260 ,, 21 Tt'Pure01* Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) m(R-5!0) 122 (R'610) Zinc Oxide 97 41 Barium Sulfate 61 Talc . 279 Diatomaccoua edict 57 Mica ' Calcium carbonate (dry (round) Aluminum Stearate Lecithin ,,, 5.2 2.7 20 1_6, 0m, Methyl ester of partially hydrogenated wood rosin 5.5 Troyl^d^** ABC drier 2 VM and P Naphtha Hi'flaih Naphtha 11riJ8 269 Toluene 178 a) Traffic-line paint: fart drying, nonblcading on asphalt, no cmbritliement with age b) Exterior maaonry paint c) *0-% cold-cut aolution with toluene . d) 50-% cold-cut aolution with hi-flirh naphtha Procedure Grind pigments in styrene-butadiene solution and plasticizers. Add remainder of solvent (and stir diatomaccous silica into Formulation 123). SYNTHETIC RUBBER Many Monsanto plasticizers are usable In rubber-based surface coatings, although dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, Santicizer 160, and tricresyl phosphate are most commonly used. Plasticizers improve gloss and flexibility in most cases. In crepe-rubber-paint formulations the use of Aroclor 1262 (from 5- to SO-per cent of 'the weight of the rubber) increases the gloss, alkali resistance, and adhesivity to steel. e * Tndwuk of PefUMUftU thdumdl CU(ul Corp. lor yra*'Vuudtttt wpdygHf mint TndtMiit of E. I. 4u Pont it Ntoowi V Co. Trrdtmrk of Tot Ounktl Co. 40 0221286 TOWOLDMONOQ25954 The unmodified epoxy resin specimen burnt vigorously; the epoxy resin test strip containing Aroelor end antimony oxide Is "non-burning" in an identical Bunion* burner flame. . > MONSANTO EPOXIES . Epoxy resins generally possess the highly desirable properties of: Chemical resistance Flexibility Toughness Adhesion Available in solid, liquid, and solution forms, they are useful In several types of surface cit ings, including the following: Chemical-resistant coatings Interior and exterior maintenance coatings Baking finishes Laminates Plasticisers arc not ordinarily used in epoxy resins when maximum performance is desired. Be cause of their high cost, however, epoxy resins are frequently highly filled. Here the us mall amounts of plasticiser aids flow and levelling and helps eliminate ''drag". Monsanto has evaluated many plasticisers in epoxy resins, as compiled in Table IX. 41 0221287 TOWOLDMON0025955 H?S Hastleiser* None (control) Dibutyl Phthalate Di'(2-cthylhexyl) phthilltc Diisodecy! phthalate Oiitodecyi adipate . Samticizer E-15 SANTtaZBR M*17 SaKTKIZER B-16 Tricresyl phosphate SANTICtZER 140 $AKTICJ2ER 141 HB*40* Aroclor 124ft Aroclor 1221 Mod^Epox* TABLE IX--COMPATIBIUTY AND PERFORMANCE OF MONSANTO PLASDCIZBtS IN EPOXY RESINS t Uqeid Cerrfd Rest. Ritim Room I00*C Temp. Vl kr CCc cCc c a/ps sia c a/ps sia c aw ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc ccc c sia sia ccc ccc ccc VisesHy* nqnSeal ftoperths Aftar Cmn ('/, fcr @ I00*C) Before After Adding Adding Coring ' Coring Shore O Agent Agent ' hod Impact light Herdness UpI Up) Residenca IMbcM (%) (10 n<) n*shaljRrepartlsi* After Heat Aging Shore O Hardness Weight (10 MC) aTM,, n 12.800* 1550 2650 3250 1200 3050 3150 2300 3750 2850 1500 3900 7700 1650 1650 7900 1300 2700 2450 1100 2100 2450 2000 3000 2200 1400 2300 4300 1200. 1250 0.2 0.54.9 0.54).8 0.54U ___ ___ -- O.JO.d _0.6 0^0.9 3.0 15 8.0 7.0 94.0 2.5 3.0 ' 4.5 3.5 3.5 4.0 4JO 3.0 3.0 4.0 78 . 10 31 48 56 v 10 6 7 15 22 5 27 4f0t 84 ' 86 7ft 82 83 82 80 85 85 86 79 82 84 88 81 88 --0.012 --41.734 --0.368 --0.168 --0.181 0.119 --0.131 --0.013 --0.222 --0.284 --0.425 --0.648 --0.682 --2.118 0.134 s) Formulation ' Ingredients. Epoxy Resin Plasticizer Park b) C sia s Compatible c) Brookfield LVF #4 spindle; 60 rpm unless otherwise specified too 2$ a 2 Ooudy d) 24 hours 986*C in activated carbon wPS 2 Phase Separation 32 White e) 30 rpm 022128B o' .. o TOWOLDMONOQ25956 The following suggested formulation for a 'nitrocellulose-epoxy lacquer can be sprayed e (her cold or hot (with solvent modifications). It leaves a brilliant appearance. ln,s.di.nti M-lec. Nitrocelluloie Solid Epoxy Resin Dibutyl Phthalate Toluene ^ .. Iiopropano! Methyl Isobutyl Catbinol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Itobutyl Ketone 121 Peril by W.i.M 75 25 25 Peril by Volume 50 10 5 10 25 AROCLOR Compounds Of all the nonreactive plasticizers evaluated, the Aroclor compounds are the most compat I tie. Like epoxy resins, they impart excellent chemical and oxidation resistance and improve a heslon. Aroclor compounds should not be used when solvent resistance is required, since ley are true plasticizers and are not chemically bonded to the epoxy resin. Two major disadvantages of epoxy resins--cost and flammability--are diminished through! the use of Aroclor compounds. Aroclor compounds, about one-fourth the cost of epoxy resins, permit significant reductions of raw-material costs. Furthermore, non-burning compositions may be made by the use of an Aroclor compound (15 phr) with antimony oxide (5 phrl For solventless coatings the fluid Aroclor compounds, such as Aroclor 1248 and Arocror 1254, are most commonly used. For solvent-containing coatings the resinous Aroclor com pounds (Aroclor 1262 and Aroclor 5460) are used alone or in combination with the liquid Aroclor materials. - The value of Aroclor plasticizers (1242 and 1260) in reducing the flammability of anfneCured epoxy resins and improving flexural strength and compressive-yield strength, while inly slightly affecting compressive strength and heat-distortion temperature, is illustrated by jthe following suggested starting formulations: Ingredients* liquid Epoxy Resin (EV*200) IDiethylenetriamine Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1260 Antimony Oxide Control 100 ,1) -- 126 127 Farts by Weight 100 100 _1_2 12 20 15 --5 Freperties Flammability Heat-Distortion Temp., *C Hardness, Rockwell "M" Flexural Strength, psi Tensile Strength, psi Compressive-Yield Strength, psi Compressive Strength, psi 0.82 iny min. 117.$ 104 20,100 11,400 15,700 42,000 S.E> i'/r 87 102 22,800 12,000 17,250 22,900 H.B.* 92 106 22,100 9,800 16.950 28.150 a) Cured 16 hours at room temperature, then 2 hours at 100*C b) 8.E. = Self extinguishing e) K.B. s= Konburning 128 too 12 2, 0m -- S.B. 2,/a** 79.5 108 21,800 10,700 17,900 22,500 129 100 ' 12 15 5 K.B. 81 < 107 22,200 12,800 16,700 22,400 43 89 TOWOLDMONOQ25957 Mod-Epox Reactive diluents are added to reduce the viscosity of epoxy resins to improve handling char acteristics and to permit the use of higher filler contents. Since they react with curing agents and are higher priced than the epoxy resins, however, they generally tend to result in highercost formulations. Mod-Efox, on the other hand, is a* unique epoxy modifier, which not only reduces the vis cosity of liquid epoxy resins by as much as 75 per cent but also speeds cure, maintains hard ness and Other chemical and physical properties, and reduces curing-agent requirements by about one-third. Thus, since it costs much less than any epoxy resin and any other reactive modifier, and since it reduces the curing-agent requirement, its incorporation generally re sults in much lower formulation cost. Furthermore, Mod-Efox is not a skin irritant like other reactive diluents. The following formulations illustrate blush- and impact-resistant coatings; number 151 has the longer working life: Ingredients ERL* 2774 Epoxy Resin Mod-Bpox Magnesium Oxide (fluffy)** Titanium Dioxide Bintone 28 gelling agent 221**0801 221X1814 22LA**0822 Toluene .* Xylene Butanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Working Life, minutes . ' . 120 too 11 * 0.2 22 1*4 , 12 12 __2 Parts by Wright ' 2. ` 20 111 100 11 0.2 22 2*4 19 .14, 2 2 -- 45 Epoxy troweling compounds are suggested for use in patching, repairing, and coating, where maximum film thickness and chemical resistance are desired. Such coatings are used to line brick, concrete, and metal tanks, such as plating and storage tanks, where application of con* ventional Coatings is impractical. A formulation for a black, polyamine-cured, epoxy-resin troweling compound Is as follows: * tngradlsnts Liquid Epoxy Resin Dibutyl Phthalate MoD'Epox Diatomaccous Earth Saktocel FRC ilicn gel Lampblack Magnesium Oxide (fluffy) Dieihylcnetriaminc 1)2 Parts by Wright 100 4 15 40 12 12 1 1.9 * Tnttaifli ri Unto* CaifcJtk Con. feck m titno* Ocaici! Co. *c*J. CN>M 44 0221*' 0 > TOWOLDMONOQ25958 Procedure Add the silica gel to a blend of the epoxy resin and dibutyl phthalate while mixing with i high-torque mixer. Slowly add the remaining pigments, with continued agitation. Disperse U! pigments with one loose pass on a 3-rol) mill. Add the dicthylenctriamine to the pigmented epoxy-resin component and mix thoroughly. Ap ply the mixture to the surface with a trowel; (Lubricate the trowel for improved smoothness. These materials set *in 2 to-8 hours depending upon the thickness of the coating. ACRYLICS . All-acrylic lacquers and acrylic-modified lacquer systems have stimulated a great deal of In terest because of their exceptional properties. The presence of acrylic resins in both air-dry am I baked finishes generally imparts: Exceptional durability Lightfastness ' * Hardness . High gloss upon polishing As would be expected, finishes with such properties were pioneered by automobile m&nufac hirers. Acrylic resins have also been utilized in aircraft paints. The addition of acrylic resin to nitrocellulose lacquers produces high-quality, better-performing industrial finishes. Proper formulation of acrylic lacquers with suitable plasticizers (such as Santicizek 160, ant I especially Santicizer 261 and 262, which are less volatile at baking temperatures) imparts ex* ceptional adhesion and improves durability. Shown below are three suggested all-acrylic automobile lacquers: tngradtents Rofler-Mtll Grind: Lucite* 6011 or 6012 (40% aolida) Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Lampblack Bentone 14 Cctlosolve Acetate Reduce With: Lucite 6011 or 6012 Santiciur 160 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate, Wsec. Toluene Celloiolre Acetate Methyl Ethyl Ketone Solida at Spray Viscosity, % * T4**irk ifAtDt PeM Co. ) 4.0) 6.17 0.07 --2.S) 17.86 ).76 2).8S 17.88 2).85 18.75 4)4 Parts by Weight 1.98 6.08 0.07 0.70 2.49 17.61 2.70. -- 2>.87 17.6) 2).87 ' 18.48 l)4a . 4.0) 6.17 0.07 -- 2.SI 11.60 1.76 10.0) 21.97 17.87 21.97 18.46 TOWOLDMONOQ25959 The following starting formulations are examples of acrylic-modified nitrocellulose and chlorin ated-rubber coatings: Ingredients Acryloid* B'7l Acrylofd i&*$2 Poly(methyl Methacrylate) R. S. Nitrocellulose (Vt kc) Chlorinated Rubber (20 ep) SANTICItfet 160 Dioctyl Phthalate , Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Phthalocyanine Green Chrome Green Toluene Ethanol Celloiolve Acetate Methyl liobutyl Ketone ' IIS* tl 19 * IS __ 40 1 >1$ 76 76 11$ 126* 137c Peril by Weight 62.5 69 -- -- It __ 17.5 __ 25 67.5 _ __ 147 ` Sft ss 247 25 40 1 ... 215 76 76 215 111* '-- 62.5 -- -- 27.5 25 ... 40 I .. 215 76 76 215 Viscosity, # 4 Ford Cup, aec. 11 -- 11 11 a) Acrylic-modified tiitrocdlulotc automobile lacquer b) Acrylic-modified nitrocellulose aircraft finish, resistant to aircraft lubricants. Use M1L-P-7962 (Acr) primer. c) Acrylic-modified chlorinated-rubber lacquer . POLYAMIDES Polyamides are used increasingly in surface coatings applied to such materials as paper, waxed glassine, waterproof cellophane, and plastics. Polyamide films adhere exceptionally well to these substrates and have good flexibility. Polyamide compositions are also used in printing Inks, overprint varnishes, paint vehicles, and hot-melt coatings and adhesives. For most applications the polyamides need no plasticizers since they are somewhat internally plasticised. For use in hot-melt coatings and adhesives, however, external plasticizers are necessary. Performance of various Monsanto plasticizers in polyamide resins is evaluated in Table X. ZEIN . Zein, a proteinaceous material derived from com gluten, has diverse applications, particu larly in surface coatings. Both solvent-based and water-based solutions of zein form tough, high-gloss, grease-resistant, quick-drying films. Zein coatings have superior solution stability and, in contrast to most other protein compounds, are resistant to microbial attack. . The plasticization of zein is analdgous to that of other synthetic and non-synthetic high poly mers. Both primary and secondary plasticizers are commonly employed. Examples of Mon santo primary plasticizers arc as follows: Santicizer 3,8, and 9 Santolite MHP and MS-S0% '. Secondary plasticizers that enhance compatibility are the following: Triphcnyl Phosphate Tricrcsyl Phosphate Dibutyl Phthalate Dioctyl Phthalate * TtidcMlk of Kola V Hm Co. for ocrli< iHti K*iA Santicizer 160 Aroclor compounds Santicizer B-16 . 44 . OZ2l2,Z TOWOLDMONOQ25960 fltstielwr -- Dimethyl Pbthalate Diethyl Phlhalate Dibutyl Phthalate Santjcizer 160 Dioetyl Phthalate $ANTK3ZER 140 Tricresyl Phosphate ` Santiozer B>16 Samtiozer E-13 Samtiozer 8 Aroclor 1260 TABLE X--EVALUATION OF MONSANTO PLASTICIZERS IN POLYAMIDE RESINS FfwabltHy to IS 25 PHR PHR PHR BriHhnta 10 1$ 25 PHR PHR PHR Friability 10 15 25 PHR PHR PHR Hsrinen i Penefrafion 1 10 15 25 PHR PHR PHR Viscosity f0rdnr-HeMt) 15 PHR Sweat 10 15 25 PHR PHR PHR Ta 10 15 25 PHR PHR PHR NNN BBB sSV 8 11 15 VVV NNN P FF FFN FFF NNN NNN sS$ N .V V NNV ssS 10 12 9 13 16 11 __ s VV 1 N sV 5s NNN NNN N NN F FF VVV N NN NNN NN S N N N 6 10 12 5 7 14 Al-A Al-A NNN N. N N NNN N NN FFF FFF NNN FFF F FF NNN NNN B. B B s NN s sS VNN sSV s NN NNN NNN 677 8 13 8 10 __ 9 13 20 6 7 11 Al-A `-- __ A1 A1A2 NNN sss VVV NNN .N N N NNN NNN NNN sT V NNN I 0221293 B -- Brittle F -- Flexible T-^Tidcy ' fating Symbols N -- None or aefitioe S -- Sly** ............ .....-------------------"F- TSSfly -- V--Very TOWOLDMONOQ25961 ! ] Shown below are three starting formulations for sein-based coatings: l j 1ngradients 139* 140* Ml* Parts by Weight 1 Zcin ' 100 100 100 mm.i Hydrogenated Wood Rosin 50 50 WW Rosin 100 ,, .i Oleic Add 40 __f Santicizer $ ., 35 Saktoutb MHP '" 30 tw SANTtCIZBR B-16 Dioctyl PKthalate . 40 75 Pigment* (optional) t Water Aq. Ammonia (28%) 1 m. m (30) _ 5*50 30 01% Isopropanol or 95% Ethanol 190 250 a) Spirit varnish for glossy, decorative, protective label coating* b) Crease-proof, fairly water-resistant coating (cither clear or pigmented) c) Overprint coating for paper nock and colored paper, characterised by exceptional glou and reafftance to water and dilute alcohol Decorative metallic-coating formulations that impart high gloss, flexibility, greaseproofness, and water resistance can be prepared cither in organic solvents, as illustrated by the following suggested starting formulations, or in water: 1 Ingredients M2* 143* Parts by Weight 144* | Zctn 100 too 100 J Santicikr 3 . <0 50 | Sahticiibr 8 70 j Santoute MHP . 80* 35 60 __f | 85% Phosphoric Acid ' Aluminum Powder (optional) ' ' (100) (100) -T2.3 i Bronte Powder (optional) (200) (200) I * Alcohol'Solublc Color } Toluene _ as needed 20 91% Isopropanol or 95% Ethanol 340 300 230 1 a) lacquer with strong adhesion to gltssine and cellophane f . b) Brilliant, glossy coating for coloring metal foil* . The following rein-based coatings represent a paper-coating formulation (No. 145) and a tile-siting formulation (No. 146): ' Ingradlent* 148* Zein Hydrogenated Wood Rosin WW Cum Rosin HMP Ester Gum Santicizer 3 Dioctyl Phtlhalste Acttsnilide Zinc Stearate Water Aq. Ammopia (28%) 100 __ ' 140 6_0_ 13 7 -- a) High'glou, flexible, low'tack, hot-melt paper coating b) Textile siting'to impart atiffneu and body Parts by Weight 146* 100 r3n0[ 30 2. 5 ___ t 500 30 0221294 6 TOWOLDMONOQ25962 VARNISHES AND ALKYDS The resinous Aroclor compounds are frequently used in varnishes and alkyd-resln paints to Impart durability, quick dry-time, and water and alkali resistance. The Aroclor compounds do not oxidise, and flame-retardant formulations are produced by combinations of ARoqtjoR compounds and antimony oxide. Aroclor 4465 and Aroclor 5460 are most commonly used, although Aroclor 1260 is for flexible short-oil varnishes. A suggested starting formula is one part oil, one part Aaodtl compound, and one part of another resin. Aroclor 5460 is also useful in making varnish formulations based, on phenolic or ester-gum resins. Shown below are three suggested starling formulations for flame-retardant paints: litgndiiMi Long'oil Alkyd Resin (60% solution) Alktli*refincd linseed oil Keute'bodicd linseed oil AROCLOR 1254 . Aroclor 5460 Titanium Dioxide )5ft> Leaded Zinc Oxide 'Magnesium Silicate ^Calcium Carbonate Antimony Oxide Barium Sulfate Red Iron Oxide Japan Drier Aluminum Stearate Cobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Lead Naphthenate (24ft lead) Manganese Naphthenate (6% manganese) Turpentine Mineral Spirits 147 SembGlois Inferior 1__0__0 40 69 _5_6 . 11 1__1_4 0.6) 2.7 _0_.11 51 146 Exterior Peril by Weight m_ 100 _)0 . 76 42. 180 57 76 4_2 ' __ . ^ 9.6 __ . *-- _ __ 42 __ 149 Shingle Stein __, _ 27 1.,0.0 62 __ 77 77 108 ).l , ,, 178 SILICONES Heat-resistant aluminum coatings based on silicone resins contain Aroclor compounds as Im portant ingredients. Suggested starting formulations for a. heat-resistant coating, enamel, and paint arc given below. The coating (Formulation 150) can withstand continuous servic: at 400 F and a maximum temperature of 800 F. The enamel (N'o. 151) resists temperaturts of 9000 to 1000 F in such applications as jet-engine components, exhaust manifolds, andj in cinerators. The paint (No. 152), which meets Federal Specification TT-F-0028, has excellent resistance to a programmed heat test (including 8 hours at 1200 F) and to a salt-waterspray test (after programmed heating to 500, 600, and 900 F). 49 OZZIZ'S TOWOLDMONOQ25963 Ingredients Dow Corning 80S Silicone Resin (50% NV) GE Silicone Resin SR82 (60% in xylene) ' GE Silicone Resin SR1I2 (50% in xylene) ^ Styrcnt'Butadiene (50% in xylene) AkOCLOk 1254 AkOCLOk 4465 (90% nonvolatile) 60% AkOCLOk Solution* AkOCLOk 5460 (60% in xylene) Aluminum Paste (74% nonvolatile) Cobalt Octoate (6% cobalt) Xylene Mineral Spirits ) Composition of AkOCLOk Solution ISO Coeting 100 -- -- -- -- 151 .-- -- 175 -- 52 -- ISI Enamel 1 Parts by Weight -- 26 64 -- -- -- 89.5 -- 51 0.9 --' -- Ingredient AkOCLOk 1262 AkOCLOk 4465 iSolvesso 100 Xylene Weight Per Cent 24* 56 24 16 182 Paint -- 15.7 -- 84 19.5 -- 28 97.5 57 46 PHENOLICS . Plasticizers are frequently used to Improve the cold-punching characteristics of phenolic-resin laminates. Santicizer 160, tricrcsyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, HB-40, and the Aroclor compounds are frequently used. The Aroclor compounds and tricrcsyl phosphate also impart flame resistance. Diphenyl phthalate is also useful in phenolic compounds. MELAMINE - In melamine Coating and laminating resins, Sakticizer 9 promotes solution stability and compatibility, improves flow-out during baking or curing, and reduces pigment discoloration. The final coating has improved impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and buffability. SHELLAC . . Santicizer 8 is an excellent plasticizer for sneiir* At a concentration of 10 per cent of the weight of shellac, it has a pronounced softening effect but does not affect adhesion. SantiCizer 9 and B-16 are also useful plasticizers, but less effective than Santicizer 8. c> 02*1296 0 TOWOLDMONOQ25964 OTHER MONSANTO PRODUCTS IN PROTECTIVE COATINGS RESIN ADDITIVES Santolite MHP and Santolite MS-80% aie widely used to modify synthetic resins tojgive films with improved water resistance, brilliance, and adhesion to many surfaces. They compatible with a great variety of resins. Usually they are compounded with liquid pjasti citers, such as Santicizer 160 or dibutyl phthaiate, but in special cases they are used with out liquid plasticizers. The resinous Aroclor compounds, widely used as svntheile.rxin ^tenders, impart improved adhesion, chemical and oxidation resistance, and flame retardance and usually lower the formu lation cost. Aroclor 4465, 5442, and S460 are compatible in most synthetic resins an(j i soluble in the common low-cost solvents. . COATINS MODIFIER A variety of significant benefits is imparted to many surface coatings systems by the adailition of a small quantity (usually between 0.1 and 2.0 per cent of the resin solids) of Modafuo'w', Monsanto's new, novel coating modifier. A complex polymeric material, Modaflow funditionally modifies surface tension and viscosity. Among its many benefits are improvement of jflow, levelling, adhesion to substrates, recoatability, and drying uniformity and reduction of fish- eyes", brushmarks, "cratering", and poor flow-out. . . ANTIOXIDANTS Extremely small concentrations of Santonox, Santonox R, and Santowhite Powder Relned antioxidants have proved to be very effective for many synthetic resins used in protedtiive coatings. CATALYST/CLARIFIER In the production of alkyd and polyester resins and bodied oils, the presence of trip!ihe#,!yl phosphite shortens the processing time and results in lighter, clearer products. The procesii|ing time for a maleic anhydride-ethylene glycol polyester resin was reduced from 95 to 80 mint|l rr 1 and the color was lightened from 20-25 to 15-20 APHA by the addition of 0.5-per cent Iri- phenyl phosphite. A soya oil-pentaerythritol alkyd resin was cloudly (APHA 6.7) when ro- duced without triphenyl phosphite but clear (APHA 5) in the presence of 0.5-per cent of jtpe clarifier. Similarly, the addition of 0.5-per cent tripbenyl phosphite soon after alcoho'llysis and the addition of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid to soya, linseed, or tali oils gives bocfiied oils with improved color. . * Mmmiovi Moaum* CHcatal Company Truksufc. tefiatmJ to U.S. PtUAi Offkc. 0221297 TOWOLDMONOQ25965 ODOR-MASKING AGENTS Santomask* II overcomes (he disagreeable odors imparted to many protective coatings by the solvent. Highly effective even in small concentrations, the product masks the foul odor with a pleasant scent. Methyl salicylate, coumarin, and vanillin are other odor-masking agents produced by Monsanto to sweeten the odor of protective-coatings formulations. PRESERVATIVES , Monsanto's complete line of industrial preservatives includes Santobrite*, Penta (pentachiorophenol), and technical sodium benzoate, which prevent fungus attack on coatings that contain natural materials susceptible to fungus. FLATTING AND THICKENING AGENTS Santocei 62 imparts dull, semi-dull, flat, and eggshell surfaces when used in lacquers and solvent-based finishes. Santocel Z is a thickening and thixotropic agent in polyvinyl chloride plastisols. 0 ._ .. ,, MONSANTO'TECHNICAL SERVICE"' .. ................. ........................M New plasticizer materials and new plasticizing applications are under constant development and evaluation by Monsanto, producer of the greatest volume and variety of plasticizers in the world. Supplementing this laboratory research and development work is a staff of technical specialists in plasticizer technology. This technical-consultation service is available to help protective-coatings manufacturers select the best plasticizing systems for their synthetic resins. Many coatings-formulation problems are solved through the cooperative efforts of Monsanto's plasticizer technologists working with the resins and coatings technologists of the-protectivecoatings producer. Ci Most Monsanto plasticizers arc shipped in bulk in either tank cars or tank trucks from six wide-spread manufacturing centers and in tank trucks within established delivery zones from six more strategically located bulk-storage stations. As producer of more kinds of plasticizers than anyone else in the world (more than SOI) Monsanto offers added savings through mixed shipments of different plasticizers (compartmcntcd tank cars and tank trucks or mixed truck- lots of drums) for all of your plasticizer needs. ' * Iahtihaii wtd &AMTRftirii Mmium* Qmilctl Cwplflf TitdiMwb. RtgUurtd in 11.8. PUftt Offiu. St 0 02212'*8 TOWOLDMONOQ25966 Mo shipping limitations apply to any Monsanto plasticiser. Shipping classifications and nfct contents of standard containers for the products mentioned in this bulletin arc tabulated belowl Product Dimethyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalate Dioctyl phthalate Diisodecyl phthalate Dicyctoheayl phthalate Diphenyl phthalate Santicizer 160 ** Santicizer 165 SANTICIZER 211 Dioctyl adipate Diisodecyl adipate Santicizer 409 Triphenyl phosphate Tricreryl phosphate Santicieek MO Santicizer 141 Santicizer M'17 Santicizer E*15 Santicizer B'16 Santicizer iH Santicizer 1 Santicizer S Santicizer 9 Santomte MHP Santoute MS'80% Santomask 11 Santonox Santowhitb Power Refined Aroclor 1221 Aroclor 1242. 1248. 1254, 1260, 1262 Aroclor 4465 Aroclor 5460 (Hake?) HB-40 Mod-Epox Triphenyl Phosphite a) Fiber drum b) 7'galion can c) Illation drum t) Bit Classification Dimethyl phthalate Dibutyl phthalate Dioctyl phthalate Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticiser Butyl benzyl phthalate (Resin plasticizer) Resin plasticiser Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Resin plasticizer Synthetic resin Synthetic resin Chemical. NOIBN Chemical. NOIBN Chemical, NOIBN Synthetic resin . Synthetic resins Synthetic resin Synthetic resin Resin plasticizer Chemical. NOIBN Resin plasticizer ' Standard Containers (naf weight, lb.) S*gat. cam 65*gl. drums 40 520 40 475 40 445 __ 440 250 -- 400 40 40 40 40 40 4$ 45 50 45 50 45 40 ___ __ 4. 5. Ol 45 45 . 50 50 SO -- 40 45 45 500 445 450 420 415 450 225* 520 545 495 550 555 500 280* 400 520 250* mmm 540 250* 150* 150* 520 600 500 I00< 450 510 500 \ 02Z12" TOWOLDMONOQ25967 raiaacu. wei\tobe mm ttoaaffo munciass .,,{ The (Allowing technical bulletins and brochures give technical Information about the properties and applications of the Monsanto plasticizers and other products, that are mentioned in this bulletin. Monsanto technical literature is continuously revised to contain the most recent and reliable information possible. Your request for any literature will be promptly and cheerfully filled--without obligation, of course. - Till. ' Phthalate Plasticisers * Diethyl Phthalate and Dimethyl Phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate ' Di-(2-ethylhtxyl) Phthalate (DOP) D^todecyl Phthalate Dinyclohexyl Phthalate ' Diphenyl Phthalate Santicizbr 163 $a|Ntic!SBr 160 (butyl bentyl phthalate) Santicizbr 213 Adipate Plasticisers D^octyl Adipate DlUodtcy\ Adipate ` Polymeric Plasticiser Santicizbr 409 Phthalvl Clycollate Plasticisers Santicizbr M-l? (Methyl phthalate ethyl glycollate) Santicizbr E-tS (Ethyl phthalate ethyl glycollate) Santicizbr B-16 (Butyl phthalyl butyl glycollate) Phosphate Plasticisers Santicizbr 140 Santicizbr 141 Triphenyl Phosphate Tricresyl Phosphate * ' Sulfonamide Plasticisers Santicizbr 1-H Santicizbr 3 Santicizbr 8 SANTICIZBR 9 . ' AROCLOR Plaitiefeer* Akoclor Plasticiser* Other Plasticisers HB-40 (partially hydrogenated terphenyl) MoD'Epox (epoxy-resin modifier) Jteeto Additive* Santoute MHP and Santoutb MS-80% (Monsanto Industrial retina) Coating Modifier Modaflov/ Catalyit/Clarifier Tfiphenyl Phosphite . Preservatives and Stabilisers Santomute and Penta for the preservation of paint* Santosox and Santonox R,antioxidants for polyethylene Santowiiitb Powder Refined &>dium Beneoate, Technical ' . Odor-Maiding Agents Santomask 11, Odor-Control Agent ^Coumarin Monsanto" "Methyl Salicylate Monsanto** "Vanillin Monsanto** . Technical SutUtln No. PL102 PL202 PL1 PL100 PL112 PL-119 PL16S PLI60 PL211 PL-304 PL-308 PL-409 PL17 PLI5 PLttf PH 40 PLI41 PL201 PL 105 PL-l-H rl/8 Pl/9 PL-30S . PL-40 PMl) ' * PL-320 CS-16 PL-317. PWW . SC-2 PL-314 Technical Data Sheet Technical Data Sheet PL-325 folder , folder folder 0 1-JMJ-0M9-S IITM) IN U.S.A. 0221300 o TOWOLDMONOQ25968 I, j (dale) (date) Gentlemen: . Gentlemen: Please Ust These Reply 1 \ V \ For further detailed information about the use of your plasticizers in protective cuatings, 1 would appreciate copies of the following technical hullo : tins: : pt* PL- Vf. a PI* pr* VI. For further detailed informal ion about the ttsej your plasticizers in protccliy'je coatings, I wo appreciate copies of the foll|wt ing technical bu tins: PL- PL_ PL- PL_ PL_ PL_ Cards J To Request 1 !* fFurther Technical t Information f Title_________ Comments- NameTitle- Company- Company- Address__ Address__ City--:-- -Zone- City- -Zone- State- State- O' (date) Gentlemen: For further detailed information about the use of your plasticizers in protective coatings, I would appreciate copies of the following technical bulle tins: (date) Gentlemen: For further detailed lnforma|t:||on about the us< your plasticizers In protectf! cncgoatings, I w appreciate copies of the foll| technical b| tins: PL_ PL_ PL_ PL_ PL_ PL- PL- PL_ PL_ PL_ PL_ PL- Comments- Comments- NameTitleCompanyAddress__ CitySlate- _Zone_ NameTitleCompanyAddress__ CityStale- -Zone- TOWOLDMONOQ25969 BUSINESS REPLY CARD HO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSAET IF MAILS) M THE UNITED STATES POSTA6E WILL BE PAID BY-- MHAQMN?dAAKImTAv witMtvAa fc /w*AwlAmOrJALkNtVT PLASTICIZER COUNCIL, Dept. PU327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Ponrit No. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. BUSINESS REPLY CARD NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY- MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY PLASTICIZER COUNCIL, Dept. PL-327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard . St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Permit No. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. BUSINESS REPLY CARD NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY-- iNUnOAnsv wCHmEfMiivICwAhL wCOimMPAANnYt PLASTICIZER COUNCIL, Dept. PL327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 No*+h Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis 66, Missouri RUST CLASS Permit Ne. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. o #4 Al fM O BUSINESS REPLY CARD NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY- MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY PLASTICIZER COUNCIL. Dept. PL-327-A Organic Chemicals Division 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis 66, Missouri FIRST CLASS Permit No. 3014 ST. LOUIS. MO. 9O TOWOLDMONOQ25970