Document B5KgvL10zkJ9JrM2Gq3vGgYJX

i PUIHTIFF'S ' I XJMF3S r-------- -1-- --*--*.n n i~5 L--.- -- i- L~s> Li iLi %ia>JkJ r-~7 LJLJ u V-/L-II--LiuUt-j r\ j. iL--^ ii Hiteiatute Gbstiacts o MEDICAL 9 ENGINEERING LEGAL -- decisions and trends tfttdusfaial fiealtk ?2ews iuuni tf.intltiy llv INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE FOUNDATION 4400 FIFTH AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 003327 FOUNDATION FACTS Founri.ition Fact# is a monthly nows-ietter i'.Micfl to industrial concerns holding membershio in Industriit Hyqiene Foundation. The Ti- -. <.n is a combined research and service on to protect the health of workers in moustry. -O. Incur 1 Meetin.c, h'ov ember IC-ll .ensures for cutting our manpower wastage in the face of a threatened vlil bo d~i\ ' t'-a .a-. v ;'I' Ar'i'1 *>+ in-'-* of the Industrial A.' \~iere tiea v.r.i h, it is announces, is scheduled for i-llion institute, Pittsburgh, . .r 10-11 T'..c mooting cf Fs eolation members, most of them companies producing tcrials, Las for iuo uhomo T: walth Arms the V.er hoihors." The program, studded ;.ith industrial health specialists, will drive for action in reducing the approximately 2-1/2 million days war workers arc losing weekly from illness and non-industrial injuries. Roughly, an average of 350,000 work days ore being lost daily at a time when our war production schedule calls for a plane . v G minutes and a tank every 12 minutes. Because this subject of wasted manpower is still too much in the talk stage, the Foundation urges those practical measures for member companies and other indus trial concerns in war work: 1. Immediate audits end analysis of absences to determine the amount of time lost from illness and non-industrial injuries, the cause and location. 2. Immediate industrial hygiene surveys to locate and eliminate hazards, such as chemical fumes, dusts, etc., endangering the health of workers. 3. Modern medical .departments within industry, ably staffed and armed with authority to direct employee health protection in all phases. Tils plan of action, which premises actual progress in saving work days, will bo amplified at the Foundation/ s annual meeting. Intensifying demands for on industrial health offense now aro those factors: 1. Increased use of chemicals, come of thorn unfamiliar substances little-known toxic effects; ' 2* Longer work periods and consequent longer exposures to toxic mater ials, perhaps .sufficient to tip the balance between health and sickness; 3. Ir.civ.asod employment of women, youths and elder men who may lack the resistance of r.oemal workers, ana ''safe limits" for kncv.oi toxic sub stances arc based on norm;! workers; 4. Incawsod or .^auction tends to increase health hazards all along the line :id may result in fatigue, carelessness in safe practices ,-nd h.-ulth taction. i~ ihv,- n-uncar-o t* a:,:.; r.u.-t k.'c-p j-aco with yrodu i o;'!::-rs like sic!: ssidioro car. icro this \.-.r, Car wak days morn munitions. t *N .KS" ^undaiion Facts - 2* August, 1942 i`X" - ' ' >.' . " Information on Nutrition Available to Members '* ' " It is claimed that only* 30/S of all industrial workers enjoy a proper clot. gore and more companies are trying to do something about malnutrition among their employees. Memo to Members: Nutrition studies have been underway at Mellon Institute ' (Foundation headquarters) for years. Through the cooperation of the specialists en- .. gaged in these investigations, information is available to Foundation members upon ...'-request. Please send in your questions. A handy "Guide to 3etter Nutrition" is being . '-sent'to member companies as well as a recent bulletin from the National Research ::..;Council on "The Food and Nutrition of Industrial Workers in Wartime." - New Medical Bulletin Issued . . Bulletin No* 5 in the Foundation's Medical Series is being sent to member hr Vctmrp'anies. This bulletin gives further findings from the X-ray studies which the fry-'.Foundation has been supporting at University of Pennsylvania for several years. The study, comparing the merits of various sized X-ray films, was made by Dr. Eugene P. > .--.^Pendergrass, Dr. S. Bold Warren, Ir., and Barrow E. Haagensen. ' : Personal Items . . ... ' W.P. Yant, member of the Foundation's Board of Trustees and Preventive .Engineering Committee, has recently returned from England* Mr. Yant, of Mine Safety C , '' Appliances Company, and Dr. W.C. Sawyer of Eastman Sodak Company made the trip as . 'representatives of the U.S. Government to study industrial hygiene in British war Industries. >*.. .. . * . '. * '. . * ^ W*G. Hazard, member of the Foundation's Preventive Engineering Committee-, l.;- -./is* on leave from Owens-Illinois Glass Company, serving with the Industrial Hygiene [` .--.V.^. Divis io. n of the U.S. Public Health Service. He is stationed* at Trenton, N. J* j.. . Br. Clifford Kuh, Chaiiman cf the Committee on Industrial Health, Connect!- - l-,r r .jycut State Medical Society, left New Haven August 15 to assume the position cf Chief . ! 1.-; :f the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene, California State Department of Health. Welf or Recreation Director Available*. . For details write Industrial -::'.:5ygi ene Foundations Seventh Annual Meeting -- November 10 and 111 r> - a A August, 1942. Vol. VI. No. 8. Industrial Hygiene Foundation 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. INDUSTRIAL EgGIEHS DIGEST Literature and News News Items 691 Connecticut Occupational Disease Report (May? 1942). Of a total of 119 cases of occupational diseases in Connecticut during May of this year, 99 were classified as dermatitis with oils being responsible for 72 of the cases. Silicosis and pneumoconiosis caused 4 and 11 cases respectively. There were 3 poisoning cases, one each from carbon monoxide, ethylene dichlorideand nitrogen oxides. 692 Occupational Disease. The O.I.C. Monitor of July, 1942 states that occupational disease experience in Ohio continued to show a substantial increase in claim costs, this increase be ing particularly pronounced in industries where dust diseases are prevalent. This has required a revision upward in the O.D. rates in 76 industry classifica tions, -while 40 classifications received reductions and in 270 classifications the O.D. rates were not changed. A manual containing the premium rules nnd rates can be obtained upon request from the Industrial Commission of Ohio, Division of Safety and Ifygiene, Columbus, Ohio. 693 Outbreaks of. Eye Disease. Three outbriWifcs of a contagious eye disease affecting nearly 600 shipyard work men arc replied by Dr. Forrest E. F.ieke in the July 18 issue of the J.A.LI.A. The gem which causes the disease ha3 not been identified, but the disease was believed to have originated in Hawaii, whore it v.'as reported in 1941. Most of the eye inflammations lasted from 16 to 28 day3 and were resistant to every known fom of treatment. It cannot be stated at this time whether the vision vail return to normal or not. Federal health service officials believe that tho disease may have been spread by contaminated masks and goggles. 694 Corrosive Dust. The extremely corrosive nature of the dust which accumulates in tho firebox of and oil-fired boiler is described on page 12 of tho July, 1942 issue of SAFETY Kih.ILI2\IIiG. The dust when moistened with water will generate sufficient heat to roach a temperaturo as high as 180F. Attention is called to tho necessity for protecting workmen's eyes by goggles. It is also apparent that respirators should be on the must list for such exposures. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 2. 690 Motors for Magnesium Dust Locations, AAr.ounccr.cnt is made in Chemical and Engineering News for July 25, 1942, that a new line of. polyphase induction motors in sizes from 1 to 20 horsepower, N.E.M.A. frames 205 to 320 inclusive, suitable for use under magnesiwi dust con ditions has been developed by General Electric Company. 696 Noted Public Health Expert Joins Illinois Staff. Dr. Allan J. LIcL.auch3.in, a past president of the American Public Health Associa tion, has become a medical administrative consultant of Illinois State Health Department. Dr. McLaughlin*s extensive experience was obtained as Assistant Surgeon General and also as Medical Director of the U. S. Public Health Service. He is a veteran of many national and international public health campaigns and has unselfishly abandoned his retirement to provide leadership in the present wartime emergency. C97 Public Health In Germany. The plight of the medical profession in Getnany and occupied Europe is described in the July 3, 1942 issue of SCIENCE (p.17). Especial attention is being paid to the selection of the personnel of medical schools to insure the proper edu cation of "the new generation of physicians in the principles of the physicians* new communal task in every sphere of medical science." Sensational figures on the number of cases of communicable diseases are given with instances of recent increases of the order of 500 to 800 per cent. The original material for tills article appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Legal Developments 698 Dermatitis Caused by Allergy to Soap Furnished by Employer. Failure to Prove Accidental Injury. The employer in this case contends that there was no proof of an accident within the provisions of our compensation laws to support the award upon which a judg ment was entered. The claimant was in the employ of the defendant for many years. His work consisted of handling defendant* s products when they were pack ed in boxes, sealed with glue and ready for shipment. The glue when fresh not infrequently stuck to his hands. On Juno 18, 1939, at the lunch hour he went to the washpoom in the plant as was his custom to wash his hands and to remove the glue tferefrom. He used hot water and the same soap that he and a large number of his follow employees had been using without apparent ill effect for years. About 4 o'clock-his hands began to burn, the skin cracked and a rash appeared. At the end of three days the skin affliction had extended to his elbows and was so painful that he quit work. His condition g*cw worse and upon examination, a doctor found that the claimant was suffering from a dermatitis principally on his hands and forearms. After the claimant had given him a his tory of Ills affliction and he had received some of the glue and liquid soap the dcctGr "patch-tested" claimant with these materials and found he had a positive reaction tc the soap and a negative one to the glue. The mere proof of an in jury, op. urer.tly attributable to claimant's skin being allergic to soap, docs not v,notify a conclusion that the injury resulted from an accident. There must in all cases be an -accident. Here there was none. The judjnent is reversed u;d is now entered for the defendant, rlusovich v. II.J. Heinz Company. Henna. Superior Ct. Decided July 23, ly42. {CClfl. C039S0 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 3. COO Deatji ^frot.gLobar i'neumonia Contracted Vvhile Performing Regular Duties* Not an. accidont__in_. Coiu\:e of Employment. The referee in this workmen* a compensation case disallowed compensation. The Board affisfifed the order of disallowance, and the court of common please dismiss ed claimant's appeal and affirmed the action of the board. The board was of the opinion that claimant's deceased husband did not sustain an accident in the course of his employment which resulted in'his death. Defendant was in the busi ness of dismantling, moving, and erecting heavy machinery and equipment. De ceased was a superintendent or outside foreman who had charge of rigging and hauling the machinery and equipment. He usually went to work about 7 a.m. c.nd returned about 6 p.m., but ho had no regular or specified hours. In the perfor mance of his duties it was necessary for him to be out in all kinds.of weather. The deceased, while inspecting the installation_of.certain machines_was out in a heavy'rain, for quite some'time." Two or throe days later he developed a chest cola, but"he continued to work until April 29, 1959, when his family physician was called, and he diagnosed deceased's condition as lobar pneumonia from which he subsequently died. In deceased^ line of work gettingpyet..would not be unusual or extraordinary, or in itself cgngi^twt.ft dent. The fact that deceased got wet and contracted a cold which subsequently developed into pneu monia did not constitute a fortuitous or unexpected event, but it was the natur al and foreseeable result of his voluntary and deliberate act in exposing him self to the elements without any extraordinary circumstances impelling him to do so. Where the exposure causing the pneumonia or similar disease is not only intentional but deliberate and protracted, and in the regular course of the employee's work, there is no accident either in the happening of an untoward event, or in an unexpected and exceptional result. Judgement affirmed. Osterrittor v. Hoorc-Flesher Hauling Company. Penna. Superior Ct. Decided July 27, 1942. (CCH). ` 700 Stone Cutter on Highway Injured by Heat Prostration. Non-Compcnsable as not Being Result cf Accident. Claimant was denied recovery in the court below for heat prostration, while per forming his usual duties as a stone cutter on a highway improvement. There is no evidence of any unusual happening in the performance of that work. To be compensable, an injury arising out of a claimant's employment must be accidental in origin and cause. There was no accidental incident, no occurrence out of the normal routine of the employment. Judgment affirmed. Rosato v. Indus trial Commission of Ohio. Ohio Ct. of Appeals, 9th Jud. Dist. Decided April 16, 19421 CCCH). 701 Collapsed Lung. Lack of Causal Connection. Injury not Compensable. Plaintiff fpeks an award of workmen* s compensation on the theory that while per forming ti& duties imposed by a contract of hiring with the defendant, Brown Paper Mill Company, Inc., he suffered an accident within the meaning of the Em ployers' Liability Law from which resulted permanent total disability. It was his duty to oil certain machinery in a wood room and to lift from the floor and place upon a chute or carrier heavy pieces of timber or wood which had fallen therefrom. Ho alleged that while lifting a heavy piece of timber, the physical strain and exertion needful to do so caused a collapse of his left lung and did seriously and permanently impair both lungs and the nerves, tissues and muscles of his chest. Plaintiff consulted Dr. J. Q,. Craves, defendant's regular ly employed physician, and was treated intermittently for eovcral months. At that time Pr. Graves* tentative aiopnosis was that of incipient tuberculosis. He v;.\a able to resume work on November 2nu. lie worked until July 16th ana quit because he vraj again running temperature. Dr. Graves again examined him. hie CC3931 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4. physical condition enabled him to return to work on March 9th. He suffered a recurrence of same ailments experienced on the two previous occasions and again consulted Ojy Craves on June 16th. At that time he had fever and his chest was paining. . Spontaneous pneumothorax may be ^caused from physical strain, cough ing, laughing, riding,_efc~.~ Dr7~Graves' testified that while his early opinion v;as~that"pTaintiff 'likely had incipient tuberculosis, he concluded that plain tiff v:as suffering from unditlant fever. Assuming that the pneumothorax was caused by the strain, a fact not at all certain, the effect of this injury has > definitely passed from the case because all tbo physicians agree that from nature's process the collapse has disappeared; the lungs has regained, its nor mal condition. The cause of the recurring and intermittent fevers could easily be produced by different diseases, particularly by tuberculosis and undulant fever. If plaintiff has undulant fever it cannot be said that the accident caused it, and should wo concede that he has tuberculosis, to make tho case com pensable, we would have to assume or conclude causal connection between its ex istence and the accident, a fact, in our opinion, the record does not at all make certain. The testimony fails to establish with reasonable certainty the cause of disability to be that alleged upon, but does disclose that the dis ability could bo the result of another disease# Plaintiff is required, before being entitled to a recovery, to prove the verity of his contentions by a fair preponderance of the evidence, and this he has failed to do. Judgment-affirm ed. Sooars v. Brown Paper Mill Company, Inc. Louisiana Ct. of Appeals, 2nd Circuit. Decided April 30, 1942. (CCH). 702 Death-of Foundry Worker from Heat Exhaustion. Injury by Accident. . Claimant's husband, died suddenly v/hile in the course of his employment as a moldor in the foundry room of the defendant brass manufacturing company. Con tending that this employee's death was caused by "heat exhaustion", his widow sought compensation for herself and three children, under the age of sixteen, upon the theory that the death was "accidental" within the intendment of the Workmen* s Compensation Act. The referee found that the temperature in the foun dry and furnace rooms was at least 25 to 30 degrees higher than outside, and that the deceased died as a result of heat exhaustion produced while working during continuous and extreme heat. Upon these findings the referee made an award in accordance with the provisions of tho statute in force at tho date of tho occurrence. The board affirmed the award. This appeal by the employer and its insurance carrier follov/ed. There is a conflict in tho evidence relative to the approximate tcaaporatures inside the one-story brick building, with a ventilated flat rocf, in which tho deceased was working. The room in which he was stricken contained "two open flame furnaces and three pit furnaces," separ ated from tJ molding benches by a "sheet and steel" partition containing a door. Tho preside#^* the defendant company expressed his opinion that when tho fur naces wore in operation the temperature in the room would be "about ton degrees" higher than tho outside temperature. But John Knight, who was working near the deceased testified that it was "just about tv/enty-five to thirty degrees hotter" where they were working than outside. It ..ns within the exclusive province of the referee and board to decide which estimate they would adopt. The finding is therefore adequately supported by competent evidence. Upon the question of causal connection, covered by tho fifth binding, but one medical expert, Dr. Paul K. Franklin, vras colled. Heat exhaustion overtaking an employee in the course of his employment may bo considored an "injury by an accident" within the meaning of tho statute. That the prostration and death of claimant's husband '"' 'a "extraordinary and unlooked-for mishap" is apparent from the testimony of :'-r. Franklin. Judgment affirmed. Koinold v. Pittsburgh Brass Mfg. Co., ct Forma. Superior Ct. Decided July 25, 1342. 1[CCH). G03932 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 5. 703 Injury to Skin from '.'food Preserving Chemical. Oral Instructions to Jury, This io a compensation case. Judgment was for appellee against appellant par comvencatjjBR for total disability for 156 weeks at $10.80. Appellant has pr*..,.*. cutcd its Appeal. Appellee's employer was engaged in. preserving timber uco of pentachlorphenol. It was appellee's duty to brand the timbers after bei\ dipped. Striking the timbers caused Ms face to be sprayed with the preserva tive, which inflicted on him the injuries in issue. Appellee testified that the wood preservative affected his breathing, eyes and hearing. A doctor testified that appellee was suffering from an acne form eruption following a chemical burn. There was no error in overruling the appellant's motion for an instructed ver dict. The jury, answering special issue Ko.10, found that appellee has suf fered a total incapacity, running from the 3rd day of August, 1941, to the 3rd day of August, 1244. Appellee's testimony, and the medical testimony support the jury's verdict in answer to special issue No.10. The court committed error in giving to the jury an oral charge, in that after the findings of the jury had been returned into court and heard and considered by the court, the court spoke to the jury orally, pointing out a conflict in the jury's answers to two special issues. Reversed and remanded. Consolidated Underwriters v. Ruff. Tex* Ct. of Civ. App., 9th Sup. Jud. Dist. Decided July 9, 1942. (CCH). 704 Tuberculosis Contracted in Service of State. Not Compensable Because of Special Appropriation Made for Victim's Benefit. Certiorari to review a decision of the industrial commission. Relator con tracted tuberculosis while in the employ of the state. The legislature appro priated $960 to compensate her for the disability. She now claims that she is entitled to Vvorbaen* s Compensation. She has availed herself of the appropria tion. There can be no doubt that the legislature did not intend to pay rsia- tor $960 in addition to what she might show herself entitled to recover under the V/crkmen's Compensation Law. Rather, the legislature proposed to settle relator's claim for compensation by paying her $40 a month for 24 months. The evidence shows that she has accepted that proposition. Under the special enact ment, relator is entitled to receive $960, neither more nor less. Affirmed. iVolnor v. State of Minnesota. Minn. Supreme Ct. Decided July 17, 1942. (CCK). 705 Action for Damages. Reasonably Safe Place to Vork. Silicosis. Alleged Miscon duct of Jury. This is a petition for a rule to show cause why a verdict should not be set aside. The suit involved the question of whether or not the defendant furnished the plaintiff a reasonably safe place in which to do his work as a machinist, and whether or not the plaintiff contracted silicosis as a result of his work. The jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff. The affidavit of the defendant says that during the trial, juror number one whispered to a witness for tho plaintiff, the word "congratulations." Nothing is shown in the way of misconduct so far as this statement is concerned. The defendant's affidavit says that juror number eleven asked the court whether or not the defendant carr ied compensation insurance. This question, was fully discussed in tho court's charge and the jurors were told that the question cf compensation insurance had no pine in the trial. The defendant further states that juror number eleven road a book called "Everybody's Now Jersey Law." It is not shown how any read ing by a member of the jury during the trial can be said to have affected the verdict of the jury. The defendant further alleges that juror number sever., during the trial, discussed tho case with some other person in the corridor uf t:.--- .-ohm Duilding, which discussion dealt with tho question of compensation insurance. Defendant further states tlist the jury discussed only tho ques tion of damages, anu that there was no discussion of the question of assumption <'f risk, contributory negligence or proximate cause. It may well be that tho jtrinl Hygiene Digest - 6. jurors were so veil satisfied that it was unnecessary on their part to consider then. Furthermore, what nay have taken place in the jury room, is not a subject of inquiry on, this application. Rule granted to show cause, at -which time testi mony is to b*rpresented as to the conduct of this particular juror in the dis cussion in tie corridor of the Schwehm Building during the trial. Conover v. LrBock. N. J, Supreme Ct. Decided Juno 27, 19*12. (CCK). Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Failure to Maintain Proper and Sufficient Ventilation. Running of Statute of Limitations from Time Injurious Effects First Experienced. Ascmption of R:sk. Plaintiff sued to recover damages due to his contracting tuberculosis while working for the defendant at its ready-mixed concrete plant. Plaintiff was caused to work in a small room at said plant in which there was present a very high percentage of dust from cement and other materials used by defendant in preparing its ready-mixed concrete products. Plaintiff alleged he breathed thir dust laden atmosphere over a period of three years, as a result of which he was totally and permanently disabled with pulmonary tuberculosis. Judgment was for plaintiff, and defendant appealed. The question raised is that the disability of plaintiff is not shown to be the result of any industrial disease, contracted in the course of his employment. Plaintiff is now totally disabled by active pulmonary tuberculosis, and it is true that there is no absolute phys ical proof that his condition -was caused by his breathing the cement dust. The medical evidence seems to conclude that a nan working under conditions such as plaintiff was subjected to would predispose him to the activity of the tubercu lar germs, and would be calculated to aggravate a more or less dormant or inac tive condition of same. It seems probable that plaintiff's general condition was lowered or impaired by the constant breathing of the dust laden air, and that this paved the way for the tuberculosis germs to attack successfully. The evidence sufficiently showed that plaintiff was a reasonably well man at the time he went to work for defendant and that he suffered a total disability as a result of being subjected to dust laden air. There was evidenced support the verdict of the jury convicting defendant of negligence in failing to provide some way to remove the dust from the air. Occupational or industrial diseases, when due to the negligence of an employer in failing or refusing to comply with the statute, are actionable. The one-year statute of limitations cannot apply here. Plaintiff instituted suit within one year from the time he first ex perienced any injurious effects from the torticus acts of defendant, and, there fore, he was entitled to recover full damages even though his disability repre sented the accumulated effect from said tortious acts over a longer period of time. Defendant contends that plaintiff assumed the risk. This position is without merit* This is not a case where plaintiff's contributory negligence is a controlllnjjfactor. Thi3 suit is based upon the violation of a statute pres cribing safdJFrules to be observed by an employer. To sanction a rule which would deny a recovery because an employee knew the safety rule was being violated would have the effect of nullifying the wholesome previsions of the statute, and defeat the very object of same. Judgment affirmed. Brooks Send and Gravel C- ., Inc, v. Bond. Term. Ct. of Appeals, East. Section. Decided June 27, 1942. (OCH). Puhr.onary Tuberculosis. Silicotic Lung Condition. "iY'-u1 from an award for permanent total disability based upon a finding that cl' inant contracted an occupational disease. Claimant was a miner. He became result of pulmonary tuberculosis. This disease wa3 imposed upon * ilicctic Condition of tho lungs. There is competent medical evidence to tho that the silicotic condition was not disabling. There is also evidence ` t-` disease of tuberculosis was caused by claimant's employment, which oxi'- > d 1dm to wot and cold conditions, furac3, gases and improper ventilation. nnoni.'i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 7 Award affirmed. Webster v. St. Joseph Lead Company, ct al. N. Y. Supreme Ct. , App. Div., 3rai Dept. Decided May 6, 1942. (CCH). 708 Dermatitis. Several Iftnployments. Whether Disability Due to First or Second Fr.nl ovnent. Appeal from an award of disability benefits. Claimant became disabled by reason of dermatitis, an occupational disease, sustained while in the employ of the appellant. He quit work on December 13, 1940. He returned to work cn February 4, 1941, for another employer in the same occupation. He suffered a recurrence and was compelled to stop work again cn February 28, 1941. The principal ques tion is whether the disability resulted from his return to work cn February 4, 1941, or was a recurrence of his previous disablement and the result of his em ployment prior to December 13, 1940. The evidence sustains the finding that such recurrence of the disease and the disability were the result of the first employment. Award Affirmed. Mountford v. Wright Photo Offset Co., Inc, et al. N. Y. Supreme Ct., App. Div., 3rd Dept. Decided May 6, 1942. (CCH). 709 Silicosis. Sufficiency of Evidence to Establish that Silicosis not Contracted in Defendants Mine. Appellant filed a claim for a personal injury by accident by contracting sili cosis. Compensation was denied. The Board found that the work the claimant did for the defendant did not cause the silicosis from which he is now suffering and did not cause or light up, or aggravate tuberculosis, and did not aggravate the silicosis more than any other work would have done if it aggravated it at all; that neither the onslaught of silicosis nor the aggravation thereof v/as sudden. In compensation cases, claimant has the burden of proving his case by a preponderance of the evidence. The credit and weight to be given the testi mony in industrial accident proceedings is for the industrial accident board. The Industrial Accident's Board's findings arc conclusive upon appeal, if sup ported by competent evidence. The evidence is competent to support the board* s finding that the work the claimant did for defendant did not cause the silicosis from which he is now suffering and did not cause or light up, or aggravate tuber culosis. Claimant was afflicted with chronic silicosis at the time he entered respondent's employment and had also been afflicted with tuberculosis. The board's finding that appellant did not contract silicosis during his employment by respondent is supported by substantial, competent evidence and vail not be disturbed cn apoeal. Affirmed. Benson v. Jarvis. Idaho Supreme Ct. De cided July 11, 1942. (CCH). 710 Silicosis* ; Apportionment of Liability Between Insurance Carrier and Occupaticn- __ electric welder by the Erie Forge Company, defendant, for a period of about thirteen years. In the performance of the duties of his employment claimant was constantly exposed to silica dust and as a result contracted silicosis and became totally disabled on December 12, 1939. On May 7, 1940 claimant filed a petition seeking compensation for total dis ability. To this petition answers were filed by the insurance carrier for the defendant company, and by the State V/orloaon* s Insurance Board. The referee awarded compensation under the Act of June 21, 1939, P.L. 566, section 301 (g), 77 PS 1401, and apportioned liability equally between the defendant company and thu State Workmen's Insurance Board in accordance with section 308 (u) of the said act, 77 PS 1408 (a). The defendant company and its insurance carrier aprorlcd to the Workmen's Compensation Board cn the ground that the apportion ment of liability was to bo determined in accordance with the Act of July 2, 1937, P.L. 2714 rather than the Act of 1939. The workmen's Compensation Board nffimed the award of the referee. On appeal by the defendant and its insurance nnooor; Industrial hygiene Digest - 8. carrier to the court of common pleas, the order of the board was affirmed# Section 30& (a), relating to the apportionment of payments made jointly by the employer and-the Commonwealth out of the Occupational disease Fund applies to tho instant case since it is one of silicosis. Clearly, the legislature must h;;vc intended that as to those diseases the*act was to become effective October 1, 1030, since it specifically provides that if disability begins between Octo ber 1, 1939 and September 30, 1941, the employer shall be liable for and pay fifty per centum of tho compensation duo and the Occupational Disease Fund fifty [ rc*:r.tum thereof. This section thus indicates that the legislature contemplat- ! t>;.' payment of compensation even in those cases whore the disability occurred nr./ time vrithin the first six months of tho operation of the act. Judgment affirmed. Silva y. Erie For^e Company, et al. Penna. Superior Ct. Decided July 23, 1942. "(CCH) " Book Reviews 711 Aerobiology. The American Association for the Advancement of Science - No. 17. The Science Press Printing Company, Lancaster, Pa. (1942). 289 pp. Price -- $3.50 members; $4.00 non-members. This symposium on Aerobiology was presented at a meeting of the A.A.A.S. held in Chicago, September 22-24, 1942. The volume consists of two distinct parts, extramural aerobiology and intramural aerobiology. In the former there are eight papers and in the latter there are twenty-nine papers. The large number of contributions indicates the great diversity of the problems in this field. Of particular interest to the students of industrial hygiene are the papers on air-berne infection, tho behavior of microscopic particles in the air and in the respiratory system and the means of sterilizing the air by germicidal arcosol mists and vapors and by radiation. The subjects of disinfection of the air by air conditioning and recent experiences on tho importance of dust are also of considerable interest. 712 The Hand -- It3 Disabilities and Diseases. Condict V/. Cutler. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pa. (July, 1942). 572 pp. Price -- $7,50. "To one who examines it carefully the hand tells much concerning its owner; for in it is W7$i$0& the record of age and sex, of health or disease, of occupation -nd habit, olf-skill or ineptitude, of accident or misuse, of work or indolence. One docs not need the mysteries cf palmistry to read there something of tho a good deal of the present, and even a little of the future." This bock offers a practical guide to those physicians in private practice, in mili tary service, in industrial plants, in emergency departments and in clinics whore conditions of tho hand must be diagacsod and treated. There are 274 illus trations of the disabilities and diseases of tho hand and their treatment. Tho portion of xho bock dealing with restoration of function and repair and recon struction will be of particular interest to tho industrial physician. C0393S . trial Hygiene Vilest - 9. Industrial Health Hazards and Their Effects / / / Vi; .'.-ite Illness Amen/-;; Rural Mattress Makers Using* Low Grade Stained Cotton. i'.A. Heal and others. J.A.ivl.A. 119. 1074 (August 1, 1942). ' T;_j report deals v.lth an acute illness occurring among workers in rural mat tress making projects in a cotton mill and in cottonseed processing plants in which the workers were exposed to high concentrations of stained cotton duct. Hundreds of cases of this illness occurred during the spring and summer of 1941. Outbreaks of this disease ceased when protective respiratory* apparatus was used by the workers or when the use of the low grade, stained, dusty cotton was dis continued. * Reports of the outbreak of this illness are continually being re ceived from upholstering and cottonseed processing plants in which stained cotton is used. The acute illness is caused by the inhalation of a gram-nega tive, rod shaped micro-organism or its products contained in or on dust from stained cotton. The severity of the symptoms and physical manifestations in ... this illness are dependent on the presence and concentration of the cotton bacterium or its products in the cotton dust inhaled and on the duration of the exposure. 714 Glycol Poisoning. I. Ethylene Glycol. S. Caccuri. Fol. Med. (Napoli.) 25, 629 "(1939). (Chem. Absts.) Pcrcral poisoning with ethylene glycol has been accomplished but thus far no occupational poisoning has been observed. The connection between oxaluria and kidney damage is emphasized. Glycol Poisoning. II. Behavior of Blood Ljpjde in Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. V. Mauro. Fol. med. (ITapoli.) 25. 840 (1959). (Chen. Absts Subcutaneous and muscular injections of ethylene glycol were well tolerated, there being no signs of irritation or necrosis. Absorption proceeded rapidly. Symptoms of 3light irritation in the eyes and respiratory passages appeared upon inhalation of ctliylene glycol vapors and a slight transitory narcosis was also noted. Administration was given orally (15 cc. per kg.) or subcutaneously on alternate days for 4 months. A slight diarrhea appeared after each subcutaneous injection of 1.5 cc. per kg. The rabbits died after 110-130 days. At autopsy no necrosis, was found at the sito of the injection, the peritoneum showed slight congostion^the liver was somewhat enlarged, the capsule was retractile, conges tion was olKiwved on tho section surfaces and the renal pelvis was normal. In a 2nd experimental series the rabbits received, in the fasting state, 2 cc. of cthylono glycol per kg. on alternate days for over 4 months. In a 3rd series the rabbits were given in addition 0.5 g. of cholesterol suspended in lukewarm mil.;. Tho blood lipide curves were studied during tho poisoning. The adminis tration of ethylene glycol causes disturbances in those curves which arc attri buted to injury of the liver and other organs important in fat metabolism. All fractions were concerned in the change, generally a transitory increase. In poisoning, either parcnterally or by way cf the alimentary canal, cholesterol, neutral fats, soaps, and phosphatidcs increased. Tho behavior of the phosphatidv.c was however variable. All fractions increased in loading tests with sterol. An increase in the total lipidc was quite generally established in otnylonc glycol poisoning. Liver and kidney damage arc probably predominant. C03937 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 10, 716 Glvcol PoisonJ g, XXI, Behavior of Creatine Bodies in Ethylene Glycol Poisoning* vTT~iro^ Formed. (Napoli*) 25, 566 (1939). (Chem. Absts.) In ft.bylone glycol poisoning there is an initial increased excretion of creatine in the urine, which is followed by a decrease almost to the point of absence* In the blood the creatine increases from the beginning but especially from the tir.e whore the urinary excretion falls* Excretion of albumin appears simultan eously with the disappearance of the creatine excretion in the urine. The blood creatine is particularly high in chronic poisoning. The reason for the altera tion of the creatine metabolism must be sought in the Kidney changes which occur. 71 ? Ciyool Poisoning. IV. Glucemia and Kotonomia in Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. V, :.:-iuro. Fcl. mod. (Napoli.) 25, 1026 (1959). (Chon. Absts.) Ethylene glycol produces hyperglucemia. This hyperglucemic activity can nullify the action of insulin. The ketone bodies in the blood axe considerably increas ed during poisoning. The increased ketone content of the blood must be connect ed v.lth the changes in the liver and kidneys produced by ethylene glycol. 710 Glycol Poisoning. V The Electrolyte Equilibrium in the Blood in Ethylene Glvcol ; toisaning. II. Ccrabona. Fcl. mod. (Napoli.)~25. 1139 (1959). (Chem. AbstsT) Throe rabbits received daily subcutaneous injections of 1 cc. of 33$ aqueous 1 solution of ethylene glycol, a 4th rabbit serving as a control. The body weight \ and the blood chlorine, calcium, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium were deter- I mined before and on the 10th, 20th, 35th, 50th and 65th days after the beginning j of the administration of the glycol. P.abbit 1 died after 27 days with the body weight falling from 2100 to 1350 grams. Rabbits 2 and 3 showed slight decreases in weight (2000-1850) and (2400-1950). The body weight of the control rabbit aid not change. The blood chlorides fell somewhat in rabbit 1 but increased steadily in 2 and 3. The other electrolytes studied showed no essential changes. The increase in blood chloride is attributed to damage of the kidney by ethylene glycol. ' i 719 Glycol Poisoning. VI. Morphological Alteration of the Blood in Chronic Ethylene i/ Glycol Poisoning. L. DiPrisco and ii.Szwarc. Fol. med. (Napoli.) 26. 287. j (1940). (Chem. Absts.) Groups of 3 rabbits received the following treatments: (a) exposure to ethylene glycol vapors 1 hour daily for 1 month; (b) 15 oral administrations of 2 ccs. of ethylene glycol diluted 1:3 every other day; (c) subcutaneous injections of 1.5 ccs. of ethylene glycol diluted 1:1 every other day, and (d) intravenous injec tions of 0.5 ce. of ethylene glycol diluted 1:1, In each group a 4th animal served as ttofc.Qoatrol. Blood was taken before the experiment and on the 5th, 10th, 15th, 29th and 30th days. In ethylene glycol poisoning produced subcutan eously or intravenously the nuaber of erythrocytes and leucocytes and the percent age of hemoglobin decreased, and immature red and white colls appeared. The r.'y.;bor of lymphocytes remained unchanged. The animals lost weight, especially -so who received ethylene glycol intravenously. Peroral administration and in itiation caused only a slight diminution of the hemoglobin and a tendency toward lymphocytosis. jj'v- Dangers of Carbon Monoxide. Suming. Reichsarboitsblatt (N.F.), 20, 115 I*-':). (Ch<,m. Abets.) -*t pr.j u.ntatior. on the occurrence and the mode of action of CO cn the human '' '.i ia presented. Conclusions and precautions are derived from a series of ` :;t;: nna personal experiences, especially in foundries (coke ovens), cupola :cr., producer plants, etc. i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 11 721 The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on the Innor Ear and Its Nucleus in the Medulla In addition other organs, both the peripheral receptors and the central por tion of the inner ear in tho medulla oblongata {tuberculum ucusticum, triangular nucleus, Belters1 nucleus) are affected in CO poisoning. The changes are initial ly caused by functional circulatory disturbances vlth simultaneous anoxemia and disturbances in the nutrition of the structural elements of the inner ear through the histotoxic action of CO. Almost all of the clinical symptoms referable to the inner ear in man after CO poisoning can be explained by the changes found in experimental animals (mice, cat and dogs). There are circulatory disturbances with extravasations of blood by frank hemorrhage and by diapedesis and altera tions of the nerve cells, part of which arc reversible. 722 Action of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning on the Agglutinin in Titer of the Serum. G. Scotti. Fol. mod. (Napoli.) 26, 275 (1940). (Chcra. Absts.) The influence of CO poisoning on the agglutinin content of tho serum against typhoid bacteria and various proteus strains (Hx 19,Ox 19,0XK,0x 2, & OKL) were studied in the rabbit. The animals were immunized with typhoid vaccine and, after a relatively favorable agglutinin titor (1:6400 to i:32Q0) had been reach ed in the serum, they were poisoned with CO. The agglutinin value, determined in the blood after death, was the same as before the poisoning. No spontaneous agglutinins against the proteus strains wore found in the rabbit. In non-immunizod rabbits no agglutinins against proteus or typhoid were present. Naturally, the results were also negative after poisoning. The literature on the influence cf chronic poisoning on tho powers of resistance of the organism is reviewed. 723 Dangers from Protective Gas in Incandescent Polishing Plants. Xappe. Zentr. Gcv:orbehyg. Unfallvorhut. 27, 57-8 (1940). (Chem. Absts.) The purpose of the protective gas in incandescent polishing is to envelop the incandescent material upon cooling or even during heating so as to prevent oxidation. The protective gas must be completely cry, must contain no constitu ents which will react with iron, no oxygen and the carbon dioxide must not ex ceed a few per cent. A plant for the manufacture of such a protective gas is described. The industrial inspection board objected to this plant, however, because the development of an explosive mixture was feared. A plant is now be ing built in which the protective gas will be obtained from the complete com bustion of city gas; it is said that it will be entirely unobjectionable from the technical viewpoint and to be non-inflammable. 724 Killing of Bees by Factory Waste Gases Which Contain Fluorine. G. Bredemann and H. RadetjSff. Deut. Imkerfuhrer. 13. No.2. (1959). (Chem. Absts.) Fluorine containing waste gases, especially those produced by superphosphate industries, glass factories, tile works, certain metal foundries and chemical factories, can cause mass killing of bees through the ingestion of fluorine con taining food or the inhalation cf the fluorine containing gases. Injuries to vegetation, diseases of wild and grazing animals end the destruction of bees arc danger signals of gas injuries which should be abolished or reduced before health disturbances for the human population appear. 723 Effect of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on tho Growth of Young Rats. K.D. West and N.C. Jefferson. J. Nutrition. 23^ 425-30 (1942). (Chem. Absts.) V-^th biphenyl and chrysene retard the growth of young rats on a low-protein '`Ct. This condition is relieved by introduction of either 1-cystinc or dlr- loicnine into the hydrocarbon diets. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 12. 7P.6 The Danger of i&drochloric Acid Gas Poisoning when Testing Salt Treated Cream. K.C. Hanson and K.2. Dnyder. 7. Dairy 2ci., 25, 139-94 (1942). (Chem.AbstsTT Salted creams of 5 to 13 per cent salt concentration, when treated v/ith sulphur ic acid for the determination of the fat content by the Babcock method, release HC1 fumes. Single samples of salted cream of 7.5, 10.0 and 13.0 per cent salt concentration release hydrogen chloride in amounts above the maximum allowable for prolonged exposure. Sets of 12 to 24 samples in any of the concentrations released HC1 gas above the amount allowable for oven a short exposure (1/2 to 1 hour). The slow rate of diffusion also causes high concentration of the gas near the operator, increasing the danger of injury. 727 Tctrnnitromethane-hydrocarbon Mixtures. The Most Brisant Explosive Mixtures Known up to the Present Time. A. Stettbacher. Tech.-Ind. Schweiz. Chem.-Dtg., 24, 265-71 (1941). (Chem. Absts.) On Kay 27, 1920, 10 students were killed and 20 severely wounded by an explosion of 10 g. of a tetranitromethane-toluene mixture. Tetranitromethane fonts with hydrocarbons, such as CgHg and toluene, the most brisant, destructive explosive mixture possible to prepare today. It gives the highest pressure and tempera ture rises and sinister reaction of all chemistry. Tetranitromethane is very poisonous, affecting the membranes of the eyes and nose. It is always formed as . a troublesome by-product in nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons and edways accom panies crude trinitrotoluene, from which it is removed by washing and as a vola tile vapor in coolers. It is not known whether or not it has been so collected. It i3 best prepared by reaction of AcgO and fuming HNO3; cooling is used to con trol the violence of the reaction. The yield is 58$ of theory. Plate tests show the penetrating effect of explosion of the mixture, in comparison with other explosives. Panclastite approaches the strength of tetranitromethane, but has a lower d. 728 Aniline Poisoning and Its Treatment with Report of a Case. 2. V/inderlich. Mschr. Unfallhoilk.. 46, 434 (1939). (Chen. Absts.) An employee was showered v.lth fluid and fumes when a flask broke during the distillation of crude aniline. His hands and face were washed after the acci dent, but his clothes were not changed. Paleness, noted some time after the accident, was followed suddenly 2 hours later by a bluish livid coloration of the face, coldness of the skin, difficulty of speech, dyspnea, cardiac dilation and a thready and very rapid pulse; later, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and idiomuscular contractions also appeared. The treatment consisted of cardiac remedies and tho intravenous injection of 1.5 mg* methylene blue per kg. of body weight. The-action of the methylene was striking. The skin color and other disturbances were visibly improved. The cardiac dilation subsided after one hour. The electrocardiogram revealed signs of injury of the cardiac muscle a rather long time after the poisoning. It is possible, however, that this in jury may have existed previously. The literature on acute and chronic aniline poisoning is reviewed briefly. 729 Primary Papilloma of the Ureter after Bcnzidcne Injury. A. Muller. Arztl. Sachvorst. Ztg., 45, 249 (1939). (Cliem. AbstsH Cancer of the ureter in a workman, employed in a chemical plant, was attributed to the action of bensideno. The view that cancer of the bladder is caused by aromatic nmir.es from the poison in the urir.o is not uphold, while other theories v.hica explain the development by way of the blood through injury of the bicod vessels possibly connected with absorption of poisonous substances from the urine are supported. CO o0 qJ ;o IrJ.ujtriRl Hygiene Digest - 13. 733 Poiconing byuffhlorinated Hydrocarbons. R. Isenschmid. Schweiz. Arch. Neur., 41, 230 UoSSfT (Chem. Absts.) /-. ci-3 of chronic poisoning with trichlorethyicne i3 described. The question, as to whether arteriosclerosis observed in this case was coincidental and led to hyporsusccptiblllty^i'-iwas^'he result of the poisoning, is discussed. It is \ cho*.vn that young persons are especially susceptible and that alcoholism intensi fies the action of the chlorinated hydrocarbons. It must be assumed that in heavy work more poison vail be taken into the system, as a result of the in creased respiratory volume, than in light work. Therefore, many cardiac patients and those with certain forms of obesity should be considered disposed to such poisoning. The protective action of calcium is pointed out, and the importance of fat in the diet in order to favor the absorption of the chlorinated hydro carbons is mentioned. A vicious circle is believed to exist in that the poi sons damage the vessels and_the damaged vessels form _a site of lowered resis tance a'gainst the^ebn^iauod action of thc""pol'so'n''!n chronic poisoning, whore the state of the vessels results in poorer nutrition of the nerve tissue. 731 Chronic Toxicity of Dinhonyleno Sulfide to the Albino Rat. J.O. Thomas, F. Delds and A.j. Cox. Food Research, _7, 161-9 (1942). (Chem. Absts). Tho continued feeding of this no?/ spray material to young male rats for 165 days resulted in lessened growth rates cn concentrations of 0.10 and 0.05# in the diet. Food consumption decreased as the slopes of the growth curves decreased, and varied inversely with the concentration of diphenylene sulfide in the diet. Retardation of growth on the 0.05# dosage level was due to the decrease in food intake. Even on the diet containing 0.10# of the compound inanition was chiefly responsible for the growth inhibition. The spleens of the experimental animals decreased in weight as tho dose of the sulfide increased. However, the histology of the organ remained normal. There was no evidence of blood injury. 732 Thcrany of Illnesses from Carbon Disulphide. G. Rcdenacker. Ber. 8. intern. Kongr. Unfallmca, u. Bcrufskrankh., 2, 1112 (1939). (Chcm. Absts.) Carbon disulphide, a fat soluble narcotic, is transported through the blood to the lipoid containing ganglion cells and cells of tho adrenal cortex. The symptoms of CSg poisoning are, therefore, in part of the central nervous system, and in part hormonal. That ulcer is a symptom of CSg poisoning is disputed. The adrenal cortical hormone and also vitamins and limitation of calcium intake gro important in the treatment of CSg poisoning. The CSj? content of the air should not be allowed to exceed 0.15 to 0.20 mg. per liter of air. 733 Toxic PossUMj&lties of Sulphur Purification. Queries & Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 119 , 854 (July 4. 1942). " ^ In tho smelting and purification of sulphur there are so many special procedures possible that this statement is limited only to the simple procedure of sulphur purification by settling and skimming in the molten state. In this simple method the chief offending material is sulphur dioxide, although under some circum stances hydrogen sulphide may be evolved. In the absence of exhaust systems some six per cent of sulphur dioxide may contaminate tho atmosphere. Sulphur dioxide is primarily a respiratory irritant and as little as 0.001 per cent may produce coughing and slightly higher concentrations may produce conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis end the like. Prevention centers about the r.on-produc- tior. of sulphur dioxide or if this is impossible in the collection and rcncv.-il cC tho t-*ns to non-dangorous areas. Tho tolerable limit boin/r near 10 parts per million, efforts should be made to maintain working conditions approximating this level. 003941 Industrial- Hygiene Digest - 14. A Source of Industrial Hazard rronv Hydroren Sulfide fta3. L.F. Robinson, M.H, Camp and il.C.-.Chamberlain. Southern Med. J., 35, 621-3 (1342). (Chen. Absts.) A group of cases of local and systemic HzS intoxications is reported in. workers engaged in excavating in the oolitic limestone of South Florida. 73C The Censitivity of the Hunan Skin to V.-ar Gar.cs of the HYc1 lov: Cross11 Croup. V.'. Heller. Dermatologies, 84, 257 (1941). (Chen. Absts.T _ Yperite and Lewisite were tested by spraying msas^rred amounts on the backs of 100 white individuals. The resulting changes were recorded at intervals. Graphs show that levlsite is about 25 times more toxic than yperite. The threshold dose varies widely with the individual sensitivity. The minimum concentration becomes effective after a varied period of time in different individuals, and the curves recording the relation between concentration and time of exposure and incubation, although shoving some proportionality, vary with the person. No immunity (due to habit formation, acquired insensibility or desensitization) occurred on repeated application of small doses. 736 Influence of Vitamin C Therapy on Arsenical Sensitivity. A.D. Vail. J. Missouri State Med. Assoc., 38, 110-20 (1941). The article deals with the use of Vitamin C in patients receiving arsenicals. The inclusion of Vitamin C in arsenical therapy does not lessen the therapeutic response but as blood Vitamin C values improve, symptoms of arsenic sensitivity ' disappear. The recurrence of symptoms is usually reflected in the lowering of blood vitamin C values. 737 Casuistics of Basedow1 s Disease in Lead Poisoning. H. Waniek. Arch. Gewerbepath. Gewerbehyg., 10., 43 (1340^. (Chem. Absts.) A 43-year old compositor suffered from acute lead poisoning with colic and the usual signs of lead intake, as basophile stippled erythrocytes and increase in urinary porphyrin and in blood lead (132 gemma per cent). Thyroid symptoms appeared a short time later. The liver function was also disturbed. It is debated whether this disturbance of the liver function, which is also a frequent finding in pure Basedow* s disease, is caused by plumbism. Various views on the occurrence of hyperthyroidism in lead poisoning are considered^ --------------------- 738 Incidence of Load Poisoning in the City of Baltimore. J.M. McDonald and E. Kaplan. J.A.M.A. 119, 370 (July 11, 1942). Largely as a result of studies associated v.lth a followup of a blood laboratory service, it has been possible for the Baltimore City Health Department to acquire relatively accurate information concerning the incidence of lead poisoning in tho community in recent years. In the ten year period 1931-1940 at least 228 cases of plumbism are known to have occurred in Baltimore. Of these, 93 cases, or 41 per cent, involved adults, and 135 cases, or 59 per cent, occurred in children. There wore seven fatalities among the adults, as compared with 49 fatalities among the children. Load poisoning was of more frequent occurrence among colored children than among white children. Adult_lead poisoning of occu pational origin was more conconjancng the white population Than bmori'g~the-co1ored---\ ,, > " - ... ------ ------------------- 739 ICxporir.ontnl Treatment of Acute More'irial Poisoning in Guinea Pigs by Ascorbic J.V7 Marin. Rev. see urguntina biol., 1J7, 531-6 (1941). (Chem. Absts.) bo r.n effective antidote the ascorbic acid must be injected into the blood within 10 minutes after the ingestion of 14.012. It probably acts by re ducing the Ilg compound. A mixture of HgClo and ascorbic acid in the mol. ratio of 1:2 is not toxic since all of the HgClg is reduced to HgCl or Hg. 0039 d2 Industrial Hygiene Digest - 15. 740 Occupationallend Anemia. E. Pfeil-Verhandl. dcut. Ces. inn. Med., 382 (1940). (Chem. Abrts^llk There is no Scad poisoning without lead anemia. The action of lead should be distinguished* from lead poisoning. The demonstration of an increased porphyrin excretion in the urine and of the basophile stippling of the red blood cells offers specific proof that an anemia is caused by lead. No decisive signifi cance is attached to an increased lead content of the blood. Amounts of copro porphyria up to 60 gamma/liter urine are considered normal. Values up to 63 -730 ganma/liter with occasional intermediate values of 1000-2000 gamma/liter in those who have worked rath load for many years are considered harmless. Sven vith the simultaneous existence of basopiiilc-stippled erythrocytes it may not be necessary to discontinue work v.ith lead. The procedure of Fikentscher and Franks is recommended for the determination of urinary porphyrin and the stain ing method of iianson-Schvrarz for the demonstration of the basophile stippled cells. There are no limiting values between healthy lead carriers and those endangered by their work with lead. Several thousand basophile-stippled erythro cytes per million are not sufficient, even with the simultaneous demonstration of increased porphyrin excretion in the urine, to make a diagnosis of plumbism. All the cardinal symptoms of load poisoning, including the lead line, are access ary for the diagnosis of load poisoning. The absence of only one of the..cardinal symptoms makes^ the,diagnosis doubtful. In practice^tho~estimation of the_homo- globin Is-recommended as the simplest and best controi~`methbd for persons expos ed to lead. " "------------------------------------------ - " " '" 741 Relation of the Excretion of Arsenic in the Urine to Arsenic Poisoning. Queries Minor Notes. J.A.L1.A. 119, 354 (July 4. 1942). No fixed amount of arsenic as detected in the urine may be accepted as the point of demarcation between arsenic absorption and clinical arsenic poisoning. A number of imponderable factors necessitate this statement, such as arsenic tolerance and the duration of the period in which arsenic appears in the urine. In connection with recent investigations on experimental arsenic intilce in human beings, as much as 2.5 mg. of arsenic has been found in the daily output of urine without apparent arsenic poisoning. Approximately the some output continucd for several days. Conversely, in known clinical arsenic poisoning as little as 1.36 mg. of arsenic represented the maximum urinary content per liter during the period of subacute poisoning. Some arsenic may be found in the urine of all persons. This represents a portion of the trivial intake with ordinary food, drink and in some instances tobacco. In Washington, D.C., men and children without known exposure to arsenic, presented a urinary content of 0.06 and 0.065 mg. ofwarscnic per liter, respectively. In general it appears tenable that any value of arsenic in the urine to a peak near 0.7 mg. per liter may bo regarded as within normal limits although exception mey bo taken to this state ment. Higher values up to 3 mg. may be regarded as representing unusual and un desirable arsenic intake except in connection with arsenical therapy. Persis tant output of this order probably would bo clinically significant. If the ex posure has been of long duration, examination of the arsenic content of the hair mey be of greater diagnostic value. Con-'cr Content in Various Water Supplies Due to Cooper Plumbing. R.H. Kountz r.vA c.:i. Buunaan. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 48, 276 (1941). (Chen. Absts.) survey covers different types of waters, including treated end untreated. 11 .no surface supplies, and softened v.\.tor (private and municipal). In each o-.ee the- ccppoi* values arc correlated with the-ago of the plumbing and the analysis of the v/ator. The copper woo determined by the modified diethyldithio 'rb:jnate method. Although amounts of copper ouch as are found aro toxic to_ mar.;; kinds of fish, thoy"aro" not kuTiful for human consumption. n n ~ q :nr Industrial Hygiene Digest - 16* 743 Classification, Treatment and Prevention of Heavy Metal Injuries in the Oral Covity. P.G. Hess. Z. Btomat., 39_, 19 ]l941). (Chem. Absts.7 The storage of^Jieavy metals is differentiated from the Tesorptive action of heavy metals, ^the latter is subdivided into (a) dental heavy metal shock, indi cating the too-thnehes which at times appear in the rosorptive action of metals, (o) tonic chemical injuries i.e. metal lines and impregnations, and (c) toxicinfectious injuries i.e. simple and necrotic stomatitis. The alterations in the oral cavity in poisoning with lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, tin, bismuth, iron, manganese, copper, silver, gold and mercury and erosions from heavy metal salts in the oral cavity are described and the therapeutic measures are discussed. 744 Injuries of the Pituitary-Diencerhalon Systcm in Industrial.Poisoning. II. Grootschei. Thorap. Gogonwart., 30, 120 (1929). (Chcm. Absts.) Basedow1s disease caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and the possibility of producing hypertension by CO through diencephalon injury are discussed. The connection with central polycythemia, central glycosuria and parkinsonism is elucidated. Lead Basedow*s disease, the question of central lead asthma, man ganese poisoning and disturbances of the lenticular nucleus and pallidum produc ed by carbon disulphide and solvents, especially chlorinated hydrocarbons, arc also discussed. A bibliography is provided. 745 Tho Behavior of tho Blood Sugar in Chronic Poisoning with 3erylium Oxide. . A. DeConcillis. Fol. mod. (ITapoli.) 25, 290 (1939^. (Chon. Absts.T Rabbits received daily subcutaneous injections of a milky solution of berylium oxide (BeO) (1:1000), containing sodium bicarbonate (0.5:1000) os follows: 1 cc. for the first 20 days, 2 cc. for the next 10 days, 4 cc. for the following 10 .days, 8 cc. from the 41st to tho 50th day and 10 cc. from the 51st to the 60th day. The fasting blood sugar was determined by the Bang-Condorolli micromethod. Under the influence of BeO the blood sugar was increased in some animals but decreased in others. It was concluded that BeO acts on the carbohydrate meta bolism with the disturbances depending upon damage to the liver function. 746 Hazard of Zinc Dust. H. Berger. Metallvlrtschaft., 20 , 475-80 (1941). (Chcm. Absts.) In contact with moisture zinc dust heats, ana even glows. Similar results were observed with alkaline solutions or AcOH. The cause is attributed to tho forma tion of galvanic elements because of the presence of extraneous admixtures. The ionization generates heat, and the nascent H reduces tho protective oxidic layer on the zinc particles, thereby enabling autoxidation, dry zinc dust, ZnO and ZnC03 take on a negative charge if exposed to vibration. To prevent fire, zinc dust must bO'-kopt dry and avoid vibration. ' 747 Relative Toxicities cf Certain Antiseptics Containing Soap_und_ Alcohol with Special Reference to Mouthwashes. H. Welch and C.M. Brewer. Am. J*. Pub. Health, 32, 2&-7 (1942). (Chem. AbstsTT By using tho destruction of phagocytic activity as a measurement of toxicity and comparing toxicity with germicidal ability under a similar set cf conditions to obtain a toxicity index, the authors found that the addition of ale. to a solution of phenol increased the toxicity index. A very marked increase in the toxicity index occurred when soup was added to phenol solution. The relatively high toxicity index caused by the addition of soap was demonstrated with sever al phenolic compounds and essential oils. The toxicity of ale* and soap v/.as ob tained for comparison. The toxicity and germicidal power of 87 common mouth washes have been determined. Only 9 of those wore found to be germicidal under tho conditions of test, while 62 v/cro toxic in a 1:5 dilution; 14 were toxic in a 1:10 dilution; 2 wore toxic in a 1:15 dilution and one each was toxic at di lutions of 1:25, 1:30, 1:40 and 1:50. The application of the toxicity-index method to tho ^valuation cf antiseptics is briefly discussed. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 17. 748 The Problema oiBpthe Toxicity of Calciim Cyanamide. D. C&vallazzi. Z&cchia (2), Zj 581 (1940V.3jfCheiuI AbstsV] The question o#-the toxicity of calcium cyanamide is especially important for those engaged in its manufacture. The mechanism of the action is discussed in detail. The injuries are more severe, the greater the exposure to the dust, but individual differences exist. The injuries are intensified by the use of alcohol. Death occurs through inhibition of the nerve centers. Ulcers in the nasal mucous membrane, phagocytosis or anthracosis in the lung parenchyma are not observed. Mild damage in the liver and adrenal glands is demonstrable as v;ell as blood infiltrations and, at times, hemorrhagic infarcts. 749 Preparation of Calcium Hydroxide and t-he Explosions in Connection v.lth this Preparation. H. Strofor. Mitt. bl. Stcinbruchs - Ecrufsgenossonshaft., 54, 305 (19397. (Chem. Absts.) Tho explosions during the slaving of lime are caused not by clicmical but solely by physical processes. Measures are given for preventing explosions and safely preparing slaked lime. 750 P.esorptive Power of the Skin. Meyenberg. Dermatol. V/ochschr., 112, 31-3 (1941). (Chem. Absts.) - Chemical substances penetrate into the system as readily when applied to the skin as by other methods of administration, especially 0, I, HgS or HgC03. Skin absorption takes place through solution in the cellular membrane, or penetra tion through the pores or through the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells. Camphor, terpene, ethereal oils, chloroform, certain horaones and mercury pene trate the skin readily. Increase of absorption is produced by ammonia, croton oil, ultraviolet irradiation, salicylic acid, pyrogallol and other solvents of horny layers of the epidermis. Iodine, cinchophen and chrysarobin are quickly absorbed and eliminated. Alkaloids, hormones and vitamins are percutaneously absorbed. Olive, linseed and cottonseed oils and wool fat are slowly absorbed, and suspensions of drug3 in such oils even mere slov/ly than aq. or ale. solu tions. Aromatic oils are well adapted for the conveyance of remedies, such . as alkaloids, through the skin. If the skin is previously treated with glycer ol or tannin solution, the absorption of nicotine is retarded. Acidulous wax softens homy layers of the skin. Readily penetrating substances frequently cause skin irritation. 751 Folliculitis, in Brass Plating Workers. Queries & Miner Notes. J. A. M. A. 11971153 Cjfcat l\ 1942). A brass plarapjjp operation is described which has resulted in a number of cases of pustular ditaption surrounding the hair follicles on the forearms, wrists and hands of the workmen involved. The description of the skin condition indicates that it was probably a low grade pyogenic affair, perhaps from Staphylococcus aureus or albus or both. Methods of treatment and prevention are discussed. 752 Oil Folliculitis. Queries & Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 119, 919 (July 11, 1942). The condition known as "oil pimples" is an oil folliculitis and it is a common occupational dcxniatosis among workers with oil, such as machinists and machine tool operators. Numerous oils and emulsions are used in this process, and it is improbable that any one oil is at fault. Oil folliculitis, or cutting oil dermatitis, has been discussed rather well in a recent bulletin. No.244, Novem ber, 1541, of the Massachusetts Division of Occupational Hygiene, 23 Joy Street, Boston, in which the treatment and prevention are carefully outlined. It would scorn probable that the oil could be contaminated and if it were recirculated without sterilization it could cause infection in persons working in it. nyciene Digest - 18. v. ; Protective Clothing and Ointments for Workers Exposed to Chromates in Tanneries. "'Tq`.j >i LanQjp- Notes. J. A. M. A. 119, 851 1 July 4, 1948). ..itiz is of frequent occurrence among v-'orkers in tanneries. Chromate tansolutions nrc among the principal causes. Concentrated solutions of the aL'.:-.line bichromates v:ill cause chronic ulcers called "chrome holes," especially IT they enter into abrasions in the skin. Such ulcers are fairly common among r'.:>.re in tanneries. Exposure to chromic acid and the chromates may in timo also cause allergic eczcmatoid dermatitis. Effective preventive measures used i:>. ;v;st turneries against this type of dermatitis consist in the wearing of iiat- rvious sleeves, aprons and gloves. These could formerly bo obtained from rUr.i.cV uur.ufactaring concerns; but this is now difficult because of priorities. Oilcloth or any of the water impervious synthetic resins such as pliofilm, Icroccal, vinylitc, cellulose acetate or waterproof cellophane may ba substitut ed. Sleeves should bo worn over rubber gloves and fastened at the v/rist. No information has been found on manufacturers of such protective clothing and the corkers must usually make them for themselves. Protective ointments offer less protection than garments such as described, but if protective ointments are used they should be of the water insoluble type, such as mixtures of hydrous wool fat 70 per cent and castor oil 50 per cent. To this may be added 2 per cont of a wetting agent such as dupanol to facilitate its removal after work. Personal cleanliness and the daily change of clothing are of the utmost importance in the prevention of dermatitis. 754 Zinc Dermatitis. An-Additional Hazard in the Aircraft Industry. H.E. Freeman. J. A. M. A. 119, 1016 (July 25, 1942). * Sensitivity to zinc may be regarded as very rare. It has been suggested that the case of dermatitis reported in this article may have been due to the forma tion of zinc chloride from zinc reacting with perspiration. This cannot be dis proved as of course perspiration would occur under a patch test, but it is true that similar scrapings of kirksite have been applied as patch tests on several other persons without inducing any reaction. Zinc chloride is a primary irri tant, and these negative results in other persons vrould indicate that there was a true zinc sensitivity in this case and that the reaction was not due to zinc chloride. A flare-up at previously involved sites when a zinc patch test was applied emphasizes the truly allergic nature of the reaction. This phenomenon has been previously described a3 the recurrent patch test reaction. 755 Iodine Allergy. L. Pelner. J. Lab. & Clin. Med., 27, 1150 (June, 1942). Five cases of hypersensitivity to iodine and its salts are described. A patch test for thqAdatection of thi3 sensitivity was used on all fivo patients who Gave positif5rreactions. Several forms of cutaneous eruption followed the use of iodino or-Its salts in those patients, appearing in from eight to twelve hours. Scarlatinform eruptions developed in two, and a purpuric rash in another. 750 Pokers' Eczema. Schmidt. Roichsarbeitsblatt (N.F.), 10^ No.5, 57 (1938). (Cher.. Abets.) Animal experiments revealed no difference in the capacity of improved or unim proved flour to produce sensitization. No difference was found in the action of improved or unimproved flour in intracutaneous tests on patients with bakers' eczema. In simultaneous hypersensitivity to flour and ammonium persul phate tin: question of the primary injury was not explained. Persulphate h/per- itivity was found in 21 persons. Nine individuals showed an acid hyporson- Ailvity Y.iiich can depend on n faulty neutralization capacity of the skin. Dough -oi.-iitior.ors are not as important a cause of bakers* eczema us has been supposed. nnoc cN . "^--v^sgs Industrial Hygiene Digest - 19. ' 757 The Changes la the Chcmistry of the Stomach Upon Prolonged Action of Histamine rnd the tnnn-gftgnn^ of this Phenomenon in tho Interpretation of Dyspopsia_s__in Qgeua'^ionrGdlKin Lisor.scs. A.G. Siivani. Mod. lavero, 150, 237 (1909). (C1icin. AbGt3#r Snail amounts of histamine given over rather Ions periods decreased tho acidity of the gastric juice. During artificial dermatitis in rabbits histomdne or liistaninc-likc substances appeared in the skin and produced gastric hypoacidity. This is believed to explain the digestive disturbances wiiieh frequently appear * in chronic occupational diseases of the skin. 7D8 Synthetic Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon Compounds and Their Influence on the Endo crine Organs. T. Tasuaaga. Scripta 3oc. Radiol. Japon., 3 621 (1928) .~fChem. Abets.) After the administration of nethylcholanthrcne tho hypophysis increased in weight before and after the onset of the tunor growth, and the cosinophile colls were greatly increased in the male rats and also the chief cells in the female rats. The testes and ovaries decreased in weight as a result of atrophy of the seminal tubules or alteration of the corpeus luteua and ova. The extent of alteration was characterized by tho appearance of unirefractory fat or an in crease of occluded ova, respectively. 759 Erythema Nodo sura and Occupation. Queries & Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 119. 1152 . (August 1, 1942). Tho question of a causative relationship bctv,'ocn erythema nodosum and chemical agents such a3 triethanolamine, glycerol, acetic acid, caustic soda, hydrogen perioxide, beta naphthol, A.S. Kaphthol and fonnaldehyde is raised. It is be lieved that erythema nodosum is not a characteristic occupational disease but occupational factors, particularly wetness, may constitute a contributing fac tor to such cutaneous lesions. 760 Dematitis from Textiles; Its Cause, Procaution and Prevention. N.D. White. Rayon Textile Monthly, 22, 479-30, 549-50 (1941). (Chem. Absts.) ' Outbreaks have been traced to the use 0? new rosins, plasticizors and anti septics in finishes, but not to now textile materials themselves. 761 Minors* Nystagmus. D.L. Davies. Lancet, 1^ 575 (1940). (Chcm. Absts.) Minors' nystagnus is not considered to be a psychoneurosis and the illumination theory is also disputed. It is believed to be a form of chronic poisoning caused cither by bacteria or gases. 762 Unusual RejBfefeon to Short Wave Exposure. Queries & Minor Notes. J.A.M.A. 119. 1154 (August^!, 1942). A man was exposed to the radiation from uncovered arterial feeders of an ultra high frequency transmitter of about 2.5 meter wavelength for about five minutes. It produced a sensation of numbness throughout Jiis body which disappeared immediately upon cessation of the exposure. A feeling of inebriation however lasted for a half to three quarters of an hour. Those unusual symptoms are not known to bo related to short wave exposure as there is no report in the literaturo cf similar results. GaiYty Cots Its V-inys. L. Silverman. Safety Eng., 84_, S3 (July, 1942). Tk.; r.vob.Leir.j of the protection of aviation personnel against ancxi a, low temperaturco, decreased atmospheric pressure, the effects of centrifugal force and pilot fatigue arc described. C03947 Industrial Ifygiene Digest - 20. 764 Chemical Poisoning of Municipal Water Supplies. ILIA, Taylor. Am. City, 57. 46-7 (1042). (Ckem. Absts.) Possible poiscats.are: heavy metals, cyanides, organic arscnicols, alkaloids and v:nr gases. Optical examination of water analyses and phys protection of tiic water supply are safeguards against such poisoning. 7Co Training ar.d Ethyl Alcohol Changes of the Cardiac Rhythm, Respiration and Arter ial blood Pressure in Fatigue. L. Gramogna. Lavoro umano., 1, 179 (1040). "(Chem. Absts.) In young men, 20-24 years old, who used a bicycle ergometer (performance: 20 Km/hr. for 10 min.), the administration of 1.0 cc, ale./Kg. caused a greater increase in the heart rate during the test and prolonged the recovery phase. Under the influence of alcohol the difference between trained and untrained ex perimental subjects became smaller; the reaction of the trained became more like that of the untrained. This ?/as also true for the respiratory rhythm. Tho changes in arterial pressure wore less pronouncod and could be evaluated only with difficulty. 766 Tho Effect of Driving Fatigue on the Critical Fusion Frequency of the Eye. R.H. Lee and E.C. Hammond. Ind. Med., Ind. Hyg. Sec., (3, 3 60 (July, 1942), Measurements- of critical frequency made on 528 subjects in Baltimore, Nashville and Chicago show differences in the mean between groups classified by hours of driving since major sleep. In general, these differences show a slight but consistent tendency toward lower critical frequency with increasing hours of driving. Y/ithin tho age limits of the drivers tested no age trends were disccrnable. Relative largo differences were found in the critical fusion frequen cy of men examined in tho three cities. This same result has been found by other investigators using other test methods. Health Hazards in Steel Mills. J. Yfca. Eehnel. 353 (July, 1942). See Abstract No.361, April, 1942 Digest. Ind. Med., Ind. Hyg. Sec., Industrial Hygiene Control on Tunnel Construction in Hydro-Electric Projects in Western North Carolina. M.F, Trice. Ind. Med., Ind. Hyg. Sec., 364 (July, 1942). See Abstract No.915, December, 1941 Digest. Methods of Detection and Determination 767 Pt- r.dnrd Method:of Measuring the Extent of Atmospheric Pollution. C.E. Ex-own and H.Il, Schronk. U.3. Bur. of Mines, Inf. Circ., No. 7210 iMny, 1942). The nature of harmful and otherwise objectionable atmospheric contaminants is discussed. The principles upon which the methods for determining the concen- trati-.-7i of g.-icoous contaminants are based and the concentration, composition, r.b rise properties arc considered. 3u-v,actions arc made for the collection of o tivo i::iV iv.ation on the cincentraticp. of utmosph;.rio contaminants, ;;'.ei-dly the particulate vnes. excel.Lent bibliography is included. Industrial Hygiene Digest - 21, 7t*y3 Air Flow Measurement by the Dilution Method, Preventive Engineering Series, Dull. Ho. 3 gt. 1, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, {June, 1942). The fundaraci8S& factor which determines the rate of exhaust ventilation for cer tain industa|pL processes is the rate of air displacement produced by the proces itself. As ^starting point in the development of a basic approach to the dccirn of exhaust systems, it is desirable to measure the rate of air displacement produced by the process which is to bo ventilated. In general, the air displace ment occurring in a given i^rocess takes place in such a way that the ordinary air flow meters are not applicable. It becomes necessary therefore, to utilise a different method of measuring air flow# The bulletin describes a method devol oped to meet these needs, and is capable of measuring the rate of air flow ina complex system which has multiple air inlets and outlets. A. major advantage < the method is that it is not necessary to measure the amount of air escaping from every opening. Practical field tests have indicated that the technique offers a useful and practical approach to the determination of basic exhaust ventilation requirements for thoso industrial operations which by their opera tion causo air displacement. The test gas used in the dilution method is carbon dioxide. 769 The Determination by the Dropoing-Morcury-Electrodo Procedure of Load, Cadmium, ind Zinc in Samples Collected in Industrial Hygiene Studies. F.L, Feicht, -H.H. Schrenk and C.E. Brown. u.S. Bur. of Hines, Kept, of Invest., Ho.3639, (May, 1942). The internal-standard procedure followed by the Bureau of Minos, Health Labora tory in conducting analyses by a non-recording device is described. The lower limit for reliable deteimination of lead by this method is between 0.01 and 0.05 mg. (10 to 50 gamma); of cadmium, between 0,025 and 0.05 mg.; and of sine, less than 0.05 mg. Tho accuracy of the procedure is in reasonable agreement with the values 1 2 per cent in tho concentration range 10*4 to 10~2 molar and about 5 per cent in tho range 10-5 to IQ"4 molar reported in tho literature. The precision of 56 determinations cf lead, cadmium, and sine averaged 3.5 per cent and exceeded 10 per coat in only 4 determinations. Tho use of thi3 method in determining lend in samples of particulate natter collected from the air in approval testing of respirators and in determining load, cadmium and zinc in samples collected in connection with an investigation of the atmospheric con taminants in a zinc smelter is described. . 770 Roentgen Study of tho Fine Structure as a Method of Medical Investigation. Gartner. Roichsarbeitsblatt (N.F.) 20, 3, 19li (1940), (Chem. Absts.) Quartz, fluqilto, calcitc, kaolin, clay, sillinanite, carborundum, corundum, sericitc, ggflJjlElngs of main, palatinate, taunus and Eifol sandstone, dusts of manganese dSpgrab, Thornes slag, limestone and tobacco were examined with a Hikro-)uetali5&feentgcn fine structure apparatus. Tobacco dust from a tobacco factory \va3 found to contain 20& insoluble silicic acid. Dust from the lungs of miners, grinders and porcelain workers was also studied and compared in some cases with the industrial dust. A satisfactory analysis could almost always be obtained; it could, in pert, be confirmed by chemical analyses. Insane instan ces, only kaolin or sillinanite, without the participation of the free silicic -cid, could bo suspected as tho cause of tho s iiicosis. A quantitative diagno sis is theoretically possible but moots with practical difficulties. ^ : Cot j.-.n of the. Flue rido_po t'it\ i not io .-- j\i.. . o., (`-i, (19*1-2) (Chem. i'.bst v-'i 1 content of the reagent is important, 'iiccivU 2.7, AiMcndum. R.D, Scott. J. Am. Alter ormulity of nixed acids should not CO ^W 9w A-V > Industrial Hygiene Direct - 22. 77;; ;;.ono Photometric Instruments Heed in X-2ay Diffraction and Spectrop,raphlc Methods oI` Anniyrig JV./. Bollard, H.I. Cshry ana 1:.H. Schrenic. U.S. 3ur. of ilincs, Xupt. oftJpDCt., No *3638 (April, 1942), A recording-micro photometer end three non-recording densitometers for measuring lines on x-ray film or spcctrographic plates arc described in detail. The essen tial features of the recording instrument arc linear filament image to illumin ate the film or plate; low power microscope to aline the filament imago v.lth the line to be measured; music v.lre under constant tension and pulleys to couple recording system to plate carriage, eliminating expensive screws and gears; stability of operation and ease of adjustment; and operation of instrument in a lighted room to measure either film or plates. The essential features of the non-recording instruments are satisfactory operation on alternating current with a clear plate to opaque reading of 1000 mm.; variability of illuminating system so that film or plate may be illminated either with a spot or a sharp line of light; 31 cel. of calibrated screw to measure line separations; mounting of the film or plate horizontally in a readily accessible position; rapid movement to uny part of the film or plate; reversible motor drive for rapid measurement of line densities; stability and ease of operation; and variable resolution and sensitivity. The instruments arc free from drifts, variations and adjustments that nay accompany vacuum-tube amplifiers. This is accomplished by using moving-ccil galvanometers, which were matched, under conditions of operation, to barrier layer-type photocells. The adjustment of the Zero position is accom plished by means of a special potentiometer circuit without affecting the response of the galvanometer or photocell. -- Authors* summary. 773 Physical Diagnosis of Radira Poisoning. I. Franco. Funamenta Radiol., 5., 113 (1939). (Chen. Absts.) The occurrence and course of radium poisoning and the size of the toxic dose are considered. The necessary conditions for a method of diagnosis of radium poi soning or for the supervision of those exposed to radium have been studied. The determination of the intensity and the distribution of the radium deposits by the gamma radiation emitted by the radioactive substances constitutes the most exact and certain method. A method is described which permits the radium de posits in amounts of 0.2 microgram of radium or more in a few minutes. An apparatus for carrying out the practical diagnosis of radium deposition is describcd and its application explained. 774 Industrial Application of a Method for Determining the Thoron Content of the Air. H.D. Evans, 3.J. Nilson, C. Goodman and H.R. Bemz. Bor. 8. iitem. Kongr. Unfallmcd. u. Borufshranlch., 2j 1006 (1939). (Chem. Absts.) A new instXflbeat is described for the determination of the thoron content of tho air# JiSfetical experiments in various factories with analytical evaluation in the laboratory showed a thoron contont of the air in individual locations in plants which was 100-1000 times higher than that which is ordinarily considered harmless. In such eases adequate ventilation should be provided. ^ b'.ist and Disease, VI. Dust Measurement. C.S, Chubb. Colliery Eng., 19, 13-16 (194b). (Chem. Absts.) A description of several methods and instruments used for determining the con centration of dust in the air. The methods are divided into two types. In one, the sample of v.ir containing the dust is projected at high velocity again./t acme medium which will retain tho duct; such instruments rre collectively e-'licd iiieingcrs. Alternatively, a cample of air is drawn through some device 'hU-h allows tho air to pass but will retain the solid matter; such instruments arc called filters or precipitators. Among the instruments described are the * Ilonimetor, tho Grcenburg-Sm.itli Impinge:*, paper filters, sugar-tube fil ters nnd the thermal precipitator. AA^ Industrial Hygiene Digest - 23. 776 Determination of the Dispersion of Dust in tho Air* .I. Pakhomychev. Iiig.i. Zanit. Ho.12, 36-42 (1939). Khim, Referat. Zhur., Ho.5, 64 (1940). (Chem.Absts.) To dctcimiao^fce dispersion of dust use a graph of the percentage distribution of the dunt-^&ticlcs according to their sine. In the Methods of open deposi tion ar.d of filtration, corresponding data are plotted on the graph and conclu sions of tho 'composition of dust in tho air ere made from tho graph obtained. The velocity of air currents in the room and the moisture content of the air must be considered in determining the dispersion of dust in the air and samples must be taken at various levels between the floor and coiling. For approximate determinations tho air samples can be taken 1.5 m. above tho floor. 777 The Use of tho Acidity Quotient of the Grino in the 6election of Stone Cutters and Those Endangered by Dust. A. V'iosinr.cr. Vertranonsarzt. u. Krk, kasse. 7, 229 (1939). (Chem. Absts.) The development and progress of silicosis are believed to depend on the tissue acidosis, in acid lung tissuo the dissolved silicic acid exerts a non-specific acid irritation in addition to its special irritant action, while in the alka line tissue the silicic acid, which gradually dissolves, is neutralized and ex creted as salt through the kidneys. A concept of tissue acidosis is outlined and a suitable method for determining the acid-base ratio in the tissues is es tablished. On the basis of this method, numerous examples are given which show that the acidity quotient is increased in stone cutters with severe silicosis, while low or negative acidity quotients predominate in those with mild symptoms, in spite of years of working with stone. The relation of the tissue acidosis to tho pyknic habitus and mode of nutrition is illustrated with additional ex amples. The diet of those exposed to stono dust should be predominately alka line and markedly severe physical work should be avoided because of the increase ' of lactic acid. In severe pneumoconiosis with a diminution of alveolar surface and subsequent cardiac insufficiency, however, the combustion is lowered in con sequence of 0 deficiency and a lasting tissue acidosis results. 778 Determination of tho Firedamp Content of Mine Air by Means of the M.S.A. Methane Tester. J.H. Griffiths, W.I. Gyles and T.D. Jones. Proc. S. VJalos Inst. Engrs., 57, 164-77, 248-5S (1941). (Cham. AbstS.) The instrument is portable, robust and simple to operate. Results obtained under ground agree wall with analyses. The zero should be reset if changes of atmos pheric temperature occur as, e.g., in passing from an intake to a return airway. The reliability is improved by substituting a storage battery for the dry bat tery originally used to heat the combustion wire. 779 Attacking thfc,Silicosis Problem. J.J. Shank. Pit & Quarry. 34, 40-1 (1942). (Chem. Abstij|fc , . A di scussiojjjjjpjf`the primary importance of tho determination of the concentration and partial#' size of free silica in dust when studying this problem. There is stated c need for the further study and control of the dust hazard together with the intelligent establishment of various standards by which these hazards can be judged. The chemical, petrographic, and x-ray methods of silica determination arc briefly described and compared. 760 Zpectrcoraphic Determination of Silicon in tho Blood. Cln.ru Richter. Arboituschutz, 07-8 (i94o7T'"Chem. Zuntr. 3432 (1940). (Chem. Absts.) Determinations of the silicon content of the blood of normal persons and of those suffering from silicosis showed no relation between this disease and the silicon content of the blood. The ignited residue from tho sample under exariin- 'tUn was decomposed with a soda-potash mixture and, after the addition of a CO o r* ? Industrial Hygiene Digest - 4. definite amiart of Ga, the Si was determined spoctrographically by use of the c'31 A. lii^cf Si end the 20 74 A. line of Ga. In both normal and diseased in dividuals tfi lower li;.iit was found to bo 6-9 and the upper licit 24-8 mg. Si per 100 cc. of blood. 731 A Mixcd-Co lor Pithi none Fdethod for the Determination of Bi snuth in Biological Mr^corial. ~ Z.F. Kluchcsky, B.J. Longlcy uiid F.L. Kozolku. J. Pharmacol., 74, 395-400Tl942>. (Chcm. Absts.) A simplified nix^d-color dithizonc method for determination of Ei is described, based on the methods previously reported. After wot destruction of organic matter, treatment of the digest with 8O2 prevents decomposition of the dithi zonc by the Fo and eliminates Sn as interfering metal; this peimits determina tion of Bi with a single -extension* The method eliminates the necessity of removing excess dithizonc or preparing standard dithizone solutions. The mean error is less than 1 gamma. 782 The Detection of Fluorine Poisoning by the Determination of the Fluorine Content of Teeth and Bones. P.W. Danckwortt. Z. physiol. Chcm., 2G8, 187-93 (1941) (Chen. Absts.} Bones and teeth cf cattle poisoned by hay containing fluorine from factory waste gases were analyzed by the method of Kolthoff and Stansby as modified by Kraft and May. Fluorine is not present entirely as insoluble calcium fluoride and therefore low results were obtained when teoth or bones were cleaned by boiling with water or after storage in alcohol. Fluorine content is increased by pro longed storage. The normal average fluorine content of the teeth of healthy oxon is 0.0443%; the range is 0.0370-0.0484%. Rib bone contains 0.091%, rib bone without marrow 0.071%, marrow of rib bone, 0.012%, and the middle foot bone without marrow 0.051%. An increase of 5-10 times the normal content was found in fluorine-poisoned animals. The tooth cf a doer contained 0.017% fluorine. The normal fluorine content in the wisdom tooth of a man in good health is 0.016%; 0.110% was found in fluorine poisoning. 783 A Method for Determining Phosphine and Arsine in the Air. M.K. Berezova and 0. Yh. Mogilevskaya. Hig. i. Sanit., 45-9 (1939); Khim. Hcforat. Zhur. 67, (194C), (Chcm. Absts.) The existing method for determining PH3 and AsHg in air arc based on their oxi dation to P2O5 aad ASgOe by passing the air through absorbers containing an aque ous Br2 solution. After removal of Sr2, the sirn of P2O5 + AS2O5 is determin ed r~~Tnr1 jMllTl r illp in an aliquot part of the solution, assuming that equal amounts ofcjiach produce identical colors. The easy reduction of AS2O5 to AsgOg is 3|id for their separation. Berezova and Mogilevskaya investigated the possibility^that equal amounts of AsgOg and PgOg may not produce the same in tensity of tho color by comparing the effect of Dcnig&s and Tsir.tsadzc reagents (tc 10 cc. of water containing known amounts of F2O5 and AS2O5 were added 0.5cc. of Dcnigcs reagent or 0.3 cc, of Tcintuadzo reagents). A comparison of tho colors after 30 min. indicated that Denises reagent always produced the some color when equal amounts of AS2O5 and P20^ were present. A slight difference in the colors was observed sometimes with"the Tsintsadzd reagent. Heating accelerated tho appearance of the color and increased tho sensitivity of tho reaction, tho intensity of tho color depending on the time and temperature cf ho:.ting. Tho degree of tho change in tho color intensities was not identical lor and AsgOg. These facts exclude the use of heating in simultaneous dvt.-iaunationa of P2O5 and Aup.Og. . Dcnigcs reagent is simpler to prepare, re quires only easily available compounds and produces more accurate results. industrial Hygiene Digest - 25. ?ho method for the separation end determination of P20g ?nd AsoOg by reducing AsoCg --as investigated and the reduction v.lth oCg end by the Rashkovun method (KLr end IJElSifere studied. The Rashkovan method was moro convenient. The following mHfgrtl is proposed for determining PJI3 end AsHgi absorb P% and Ac:w, with uqriSbus brz solution, determine colorinotrically AS2O5 t PgOg in a part of tho solution, reduce AsgOg in another portion according to.the P.ashkovan method, determine P20g colorinotrically end dctoiminc the As20g by difference* Correction: Abstract No.550 (June, 1942) -- Blood Lead Determinations as a Public Health Xia.rcncnt Laboratory Service. E. Kaplan and J.M. McDonald. Ain. J. Pub. Health, 32^ 481 (1942). The first word of the abstract should bo ten and net the. Control Methods 784 Safety in the Manufacture and Application of Acrylic Flastics. D.S. Frederick and R.L. Houtz. Penna. Dept, of Labor and Ind., Safe Practice Bull. No.95, (May, 1942). The term "acrylic" refers to derivatives of acrylic and alpha-mothyl acrylic acid. In tho preparation of the monomeric esters, some toxic compounds are used, including sodium cyanide. The lower monomeric acrylic esters are them selves lachrymators and skin irritants. Workmen manufacturing these compounds arc protected by a system of downdraft ventilation through the floor with a com plete change of air being provided every five minutes. Employees who handle sodium cyanide are protected with gloves and respirators. Antidotes for cyanide poisoning are immediately available in case of emergency and the workmen in the plant have passed the Red Cross first aid course. The equipment in which the cyanide is used is enclosod and exhausted. The exposure to solvents such as toluene and ethylene dichloride is also provided with exhaust vontilation. There ere five illustrations of the processes and products. 785 Control Voiding Hazards. Anonymous. Safety Eng., 84, 34 (July, 1942). A review of typical hazards associated with welding is given with particular attention tq$p gasos, fumes and smokes which are produced. ^ Why^Dust Control? C.A. Snyder. Safety Eng., 84, 44 (July, 1942). A short summary of the economic and sanitary reasons for the control of indus trial- dust is given. Nuisance, health hazardous and explosive dusts arc con sidered. Fiviih Air for tho Paint Shop. Anonymous. Hat. Safety News, 46. 38 (July,1942). v shop for tile spray painting of equipment, on a onco-through assembly Ur.o, is in operation at the East Pittsburgh Works of the V'estinghouce Company, pair.t r.ists arc removed by dev/ndroft ventilation through open grill work il... floor .* nd arc deposited cn a water surface in a pit covering nearly tho -!* tho floor. Tho water in the pit is recirculated with makeup water bo rn:,: supplied to retain tho proper level. Fresh clean air enters the chop t,,:* the coiling. 200,000 cubic feet cf uir is handled per minute* which is ' Auv.iioin; to 380 air changes por hour. r n 3 0 ^ ' --w Ir/ustrinl Hygiene Digest - 26. j, nocT*iru:*. Health Services for Small Plants. -John Buxell. A.J.P.H., 32, 353 `(August, 1942). . `rho tcirx sma^l plant is defined for the purpose of this paper as one with less than ICO em^jbyecs. Approximately 90 per cent of all manufacturing and mechan ical industrial establishments are in this class with 50>i/ of them employing less than 10 persons. The smaller the plant, the more costly are health services to the employer and employee. In general the health and safety provisions in the or.all plant are inadequate. The answer to the problem of the small plant lies in cooperative servicing by public or private subsidy or by inventing preventive methods which will be within the cost range that can be afforded. Seme of the - problems in reaching tins important 90 per cent of our manufacturing establish ments arc discussed in detail. 739 Dust and Disease. VIII. Air Cleaning. C.S. Chubb. Colliery Eng., 19_, 98-100, (1942), (Cfcem. Absts.) A description of several methods used for reducing the dust concentration in the air tc a safe level. Methods of ventilation, passing the air over water, filtration, electrical precipitation and the use of respirators are briefly described and compared. 15 references. 790 Electrostatic Removal of Dust from Furnace Oases. D.D. Eowat. Mine oc Quarry Eng., 59-66 (1942). (Chem. Absts.) A description of the various features of the equipment employed including: (a) the foxm of the collecting electrode; (b) the type of the discharge electrode; (c) the force acting on the dust particles; (d) the operation conditions. The' advantages and main applications of the metJiod are given. The specific appli cation of the process to the mining, smelting, roasting and furnace operations cf copper and lead ores and the calcining of alumina are described. 791 Removal of Dust and Fume from Furnace Gases. D.D. Hbwat. Mine & Quarry Eng., 2j 95-103 (1942), (Chem. Absts.) A description of the various types of equipment used including cyclones, gas washers, gas filters and bag-heuse filters. Operating characteristics and applications cf each type are also described. 792 Color for Production. Faber Birren. The Architectural Forum (July, 1942). Light is net the only factor which controls seeing and the problem of providing conditions which make for adequate vision is cf the greatest importance to our war production. Color is the actual thing perceived with light acting as the source of stimulation. There has boon a failure to understand the importance of color in industrial interiors. Under a single foot candle of light a blackbutton on a jg||te cloth will be as visible as a black button on a black cloth under a thoTfljint foot candle. The factors of color and illumination, the choice of huo and brightness arc discussed and described by case histories taken from industrial experience. The article is provided with a number of fine pictures to illustrate each point. 793 Color Conditioning in Modem Industry. Fiber Birren. Dun1 s Review (July, 194-2). This article on the use of color tc increase production in industry discusses the matter from the viewpoint of business management. Goo Abstract No.792, August, 1942. /94 Detraction of Noxious Cases in Mines. V.I., Golov*ov. Gornyi Dhur. 34-7, (-~'9., Lhim. heicr.-.t. Lhur. 147 (1940). (Chen. Abet:;.) Tho Mx.thod of Godzhcllo of spraying the gas-filled crovicos in sulphur mines with solutions of bleaching powder or hypochlorite would form Cl, which is more C0395 i Industrial Hygiene Digest - 27 noxious and dangerous than H0S. Satisfactory results were obtained from solu tions of slaked lime, which reacts readily with all acid gases. After the spraying, Sftr content of K2S did not exceed the permissible content instead of 0.U02-C. OOqpol % However, gases such as H^As, HgSc, CH, and CO do not react with slafco#Iie. 4 70S r.omcynl cf Fluorine Gases fror.i_thc Air in the Production of Superphosphate. j'. L'-ites and G. Gcrovoi. ilig. i. Sanit. (U.S.S.H.) No.2-3, 40-1 (1940). (Chcm. Absts.) IF and Si?4 are eliminated in the production of superphosphate* If the gases coma into the air without a preliminary purification, they contaminate tho ourro'indings and effect both human beings and plants. These gases are easily absorbed by water with the formation of KgSiFg, which upon treatment with NaCl gives Na23ii`g; this can be utilized in agriculture and industry. The observa tions at the Voskresensk chemical plant VKKK showed that the absorption of the fluorine gases was les3 than 50$, owing to inefficient application and to insuffi cient absorption. It was found in Leningrad that the absorption cf fluorine gases can bo increased to 95-98$. 79 6 Experiments and Trends in Spray-Residue Removal. H. Fallschcer and F.L* Overley. i'roc. Vvash. State Hbrt. Soc., 37, 119-26 (1941J. (Chem. Absts.) Experiments with dual washes of Na silicate and HC1 showed that the higher the viscosity of the oil used in Pb arsenate sprays, the greater was the difficulty of Pb residue removal from the apples* When stove oil was used in the spray program, either as a diluent with other heavier grades of oil or alone, in com bination with Pb arsenate, tho Pb residue after washing was always comparatively low. Wherever fish oil or a mixture of fish oil and stove oil was used in the spray program the Pb residue was readily removed with an alkaline wash. V/hen a temperature of 100?. was maintained in tho Ua silicate wash and temperatures of 90-100F. in the HC1 wash, 2-5 cover, sprays of cryolite in combination with fish oil, mixtures of fish oil ?nd stevo oil, or tho lighter minora! oils, were satisfactorily cleaned below the tolerance of 0.02 grain/lb. Where cryolite wa3 used t2:roughout the season for 7 or more cover sprays, residue removal was more difficult* A single wash with HC1 v/as not effective in removing residues to the 0.02-grain tolerance for F, regardless of the number of sprays applied* With Pb arsenate sprays tho tolerance for Pb (0.05 grain/lb.) is the limiting factor and it has not been necessary tc bo especially concerned about meeting the tolerance for As (0.025 grain AsgOg) per lb. The F-residuc tolerance is usually the most difficult to meet* 797 Control Fires* A.F* Dabell* Petroleisn Times, 46, 207-8, 210, 212 (1942). I Chen. Abcm*}' ' In coping "Acre tho present-day hazards of unusual and unforeseen nature, action must at times be restricted to precautionary control of a fire in a storage tank cr pipe main, rather thin to its immediate extinction. In general, danger latent in oil is exaggerated and chat in gas or vapors is not duly appreciated* A fvnd:mcntal means for fire extinction and salvage of oil is an underground collecting sump with a tapering roof and, as an alternative and last resource, wells cun}: tc the level cf a porous otratun from which tho oil is rccovorablo by pumping. Other specific suggestions include funnels on the roof of the tank, ample drains in the retaining v/alis around the tank to prevent a fire from i-pro?/:ing over into *in adjacent tank, transverse trenches under the pipe linos, ' : funnel ventr. instead cf tho conventional fire traps in tho lines. Thus, a *'llv o.-n be controlled by draining the oil into the sump and lotting the vapors themselves out in tank funnels and funnels over tho drain channel. The n\i of oil on navigable waters and the various types of firo-extinguishor3 ai'o briefly reviewed. p n ^ o \ r" w \J 0 0 -J i:v;u liycieae Digest. - 28. Industrial Medical Practice Vjj Fighting Malnutrition Among Workers. Don Hanson. Forbes. 50, 13, (August 1, 194<') One study shows that only 30# of all industrial workers enjoy the benefits of a good diet and that half of the remaining 70f? suffer "hidden hunger." A crowing ' r.imbcr of companies are pushing nutritional programs that are getting results. Programs generally fall into two phases: (1) Providing the right hind of food on the job and selling workers on the importance of eating it; (2) Providing workers' families with literature and counsel that will help them prepare more wholesome meals. Specific steps in the development cf such a program are listed and discussed. 799 Women and Wartime Health Problems. M.H. Kronenberg. Inu. Mad., 11, 333 (July, 1942). " Women are gradually displacing men in the war industries. Fifty per cent of the manufacturing in England today is done by women. They work in tool rooms, and operate crane3 and electric trucks and various other types cf machinery. They have become so skillful on these jobs that they are often more efficient than men v/erc. However, absenteeism among women in industry is very high, a daily absence of 10# is not unusual. Their annual rate exceeds that of men by approx imately 200#. A recent survey by the Federal Security Administrator has indicat ed that only 331 out of 1S00 kinds of jobs analyzed are definitely unsuitable for women. The problems of muscular strain, seating, hours of work and fatigue, rest periods and rest rooms, night work, working clothing, washing and toilet facilities, living and social conditions, accidents and industrial poisons are all ably discussed. 300 Fmorgcncy Preparedness. Report of the American Assoc, of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons. Committee cn National Defense. Iud. Med., 11, 538-342 (Ju!y,1942). A suixiary of the basic principles upon which industrial medicine was founded and a method by which its objectives may be attained are given. The committee offers seven suggestions, a summary of which follows: First: During the period of the nation* s emergency, local or district industrial health committees should be developed in each industrial community. Second: More general and frequent use should bejiado of the State and Federal Public Health Services. Third: Medical scrftK&should be provided for employees in all industries engaged in production fjSpigp. Fourth: Particular diligence is required for the control of communic^H^^scase, especially of venereal disease and tuberculosis. Fifth: Hours of woiS^Suld consider not only immediate maximum productive effort but else the effects on health, which will control eventually the efficiency of our effort. Sixth: The problem of nutrition, of war workers is of vital importance wliich v.ill bo the subject of another report. Seventh: Medical service in in dustry or whore none exists; management should organise a plan for the care of workers who nay be injured in the event of enemy attack. A chart prepared by tho V/ontinghouso Medical Deportment is presented to illustrate an emergency plant protection organisation. Industrial :!yrii..nc .^11 24 ILwrj_. Anonymous. Ind. Med U, 337 (July, 1942). The r x*o<:: .-.uuntienu of Division of Industrial Hygiene of the Illinois Department of Public Health arc summarised. A six point program based on the broader induotnal hy.;ieno services advocated by tho U.S. Public ilealth Sex*vico, os set forth by Surgeon-General Thouas Purran, is suggested. A rt ^ ^ r r In' is.fcrirl Ilygionc Direct-- 29. '..M^ront Nooua for Health Personnel. G, St.J. Perrott and H.F. Dora. Pub* Health K"ts. ,'gvJ 9971 July Lrr 1042). A survey of life number of vacancies and tho probable need for new personnel has fci L.ii eonducljBpunoflg the State, City and County health departments and among some vclvintaJ|ho-dth agencies. Based on replies obtained from 8C$ of tho ';-j:;:-.tionnairtr, there ore existing vacancies for 1C9S persons ana a need for CwOo additional persons to provide tho services required during war time. Assum ing that the additional 2C',i of tho health departments hove similar needs, slight ly more than 6000 new persons are needed. of the required personnel are public health nurses, 25>> are sanitary engineers and other sanitation personnel, 0/' are physicians. .j03 Educational Needs in tho Field of Industrial Health. L.D. Bristol. J. A, M* A. no,"lco9 (August T, "` * This paper deals v/ith the education of those who render professional services to industry, particularly the medical practicioner or specialist with particul.or emphasis on postgraduate education. The present needs for strengthening and broadening our entire industrial health program has made this subject a very timely one. Medical Services in email Industrial Plants. Crit Pharris. A* J. P. H. 32, 3SC (August, 1942), - . The needs for medical services cannot be estimated from the size of an industrial plant. The problem requires careful study with each unit requiring a separate evaluation. The modem industrial medical sorvicc, the industrial physician and the industrial nurse are considered from the viewpoint of the small industrial concern. The Connecticut plan for extension end improvement of the medical ser- . vices is also described. 805 Disabling Morbidity Among Male and Female Industrial Workers During; 1941 and Antony, Males During the First Quarter of 1942. V/.LU Gafafer. Div. of Industrial Hygiene, Nation*-! institute of Health, (1942). This report cn the frequency of sickness and non-industrial accidents records tho experience among both males and females for the year of 1941, and among males for the first quarter of 1942. The last report of tho series referring to the experience among females appeared in 1941. do 6 Koprers Coal Company Expands Its Welfare Program. T.E. Lightfoot. Mechanisa tion, 6, 31-4 (Juno, 19421. A program of hospitalization and medical cure for ell employees and their fam ilies is A permanent camp on a 75 acre tract along Greenbrier River in Summers ?.re3t Virginia and a camp for colored children at Tyndall on the Gauloy flBpfe arc provided. Stuff physicians and nurses direct child clinics at the campSir^'fhe company operates in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky. 'T? tA'-Ucal Aspects of Industrial Poisons. H.M.F. Bchncman. Northwest Med,, 41, .a---o (lO^rB). (OJica* Abuts.} A lcciurc on methyl bromide, zinc, load, lead arsenate, ethyl mercury phosphate, totrachloroothyleno, nctnl-fume fever, benzene and carbon monoxide. ' ~ i;:`cl'^rcuncl of Current Conflicts in Industrial Hygiene. M.I. Roomer. Ind. Mod., U, 37, (July, 1947)'. `' * A\. hi- -v.l aspects of the di.r.utc between labor and health departments over the ^uri^uiotion of industrial hygiene arc discussed. 003957 u^ggii^sar? Industrial Hygieno Digest - 30. BOO Fltnoc- foy-Mptorv. V/.cJ. Paine. Nat. Safety News, 46, 34 (July, 1942). Thu i I 'irMl I I ill | occupational diseases, absenteeism end property damage for 1241 i4HpUr^tcd to have been 3,700,000,000. The tremendous impact of tills loss prefer nation's welfare is discussed end a call to arms against this waste is sounded as a part of our victory campaign. no Advances in the Domain of Occupational Diseases. E.V/. Eaader. Forschungon u. I'ortsch., 12, 277 (19'o9). (Cham. "Absts.) A brief survey of recent work on occupational diseases including lead and man- fjciv-co poisoning* injuries from solvents, pneumoconiosis, cancer of the lungs and shin, and caisson disease. Cardiovascular Survey of Supervisors. V/. L. Cook. 19-1-2) . *` Sac Abstract lvo.418, April, 1942 Digest. Ind. Med., 11_, 320 (July, C03930  '--'trssj} ic nineties '"manufacture i ,, - I3 * 7R4 ;:ar.c ^aosphin# 783 :: ,:;t 'aspersion 776 Measurement 775 l :-:i,c.i'ir.i:3r,zinc 769 ctunJurd methods 767 t: .rcn 774 air r!or: ^.msurement / l1 .*:* io-.no 755 /r.iJinc -oisoning 728 antiseptics - tvxieity 747 Arsenic in urine 741 vitamin C therapy 756 /v.-tion medicine problems 763 L'cnuidcne cancer 729 i^rvlium oxide poisoning 745 .'jjir.uth analysis 731 Calcium evanamide toxicity 748 tonoor carcinogenic agents758 < areon disulphide therapy 732 Carbon monoxide ivviutinin studies 722 jfioct on ear 721 poisoning 720 Tcrmatitis taming industry 753 textiles zinc . 760 754 tones - b .icrs* eczema 756 hi.'t:jnino 757 ' in ponr.tration 750 : -i-uic sulfide t.'zii'ity 731 : _r * ''Mjll. fatigue 766 ' a. <:cr--`Ol TO 6-789 * *: cv:c*;:3 fanes '-771 - ' -.:;uvof 770 ` ' : h-inl't'-Sum - c -ut 'ttion 759 nrasx . (August, 1042) Ethanol fatigue 765 Ethylene glycol 714- creatine 716 electrolytes 718 glue ami a & ketoncmia 717 iipidos 715 morphology 719 Exhaust ventilation paint shop 737 Explosion calcium hydroxide 749 Fluorine determination 77L gases . control of 795 in teeth and bones 782 in waste gases 724 Folliculitis brass workers 751 oils 752 Health personnel needs 802 industrial educational needs 803 Hydrocarbon aromatic 725 chlorinated poisoning 730 Hydrogen chloride poisoning 726 Hydrofen sulfide 734 Illumination production factors792-793 Industrial Hygiene 809 jurisdiction 808 program 301 small plants 788 Industrial poisons 807 Insecticides spray residue removal 796 Lead and Basedow*s disease 737 anemia 740 poisoning Baltimore 733 Lewisite and Yperite skin reaction 735 Muttress industry acute illness 713 Medical services in small >1; r.ts Mereury j:oIraning 3C4 treatment 739 Methane analytic 7 re Mine gacos 794 Mi nern* rye tatgau3 7 61 Morbidity statistics 3C5 N'lt.ior.al dofenue report * *00 Hutrition 7S8 Occupational diseases review 810 Oil fires control of 797 Polishing, incandescent protective gas 723 Kadiun poisoning diagnosis 773 Short wave exposure 762* Silicon analysis 780 Silicosis 779 acidity quotient 777 Sulohur . sulphur dioxide from 733 Totr&nitromethane hazards of 727 Toxicology heavy metals 743 pituitary effects 744 Water copper content of 742 Water supply poisoning of 764 Welding hazards 785 Welfare program 306 Women in industry 799 X-ray diffraction photometers 772 Zinc dust fire hazard 746 003959 o