Document B50gwRy3Boym8GQp3e4BGvmMk

FILE NAME: Foster Wheeler (FW) DATE: 1945 Sept DOC#: FW007 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Fleischer/Drinker Report to the US Maritime Commission RE Use of Asbestos in Building Naval Vessels Unpublished Version FLEISCH ER/D RINKER REPORT September 1945 A Report to the U.S. Maritime Commission about the use of Asbestos in building Naval Vessels national archives and records administration a i l tfl iu ljo m UfPbp p rP B p n tfl fit?aU ra m p . ( R m tf n g : By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Archivist of the United Stes, I certify on his behalf, erthe seal ofthe National Archives ofthe United Stes, that the attached reproduction(s) is atrue and ct copy of documents in his custody. : SIGNATURE NAME 1 OATt R ichard L. Boylan 1-4-1989 tlTLt iirant C hi^, * iU tm n Reference, NAMEANOaOORESSof OEROSlTORV The National Archives Washington, D.-20409 NAFORM APRB5 1407-B MITE SLIP C00{ DF 00 Oih a t h iS (CllOO J.SC C T IO A jCO Dt IN lT IA L tO Bf DATI 7j / p O v-- \1 \JlA1 *1 EHCIOSURC -------- f il e m i m i c o * ----------------- --------------- ----------- ------------------------ - . ho. SERIAL ro . fl,-r P *-/ - 9240389-/9 . xi n c n s s s -- noi lev 7 ero / -- ri le (3 ? i c r t ______ f c * O u r K j f f i ^ ---------- 7 t J S ' ` ' i ' . -- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ^ 10* * , ^ in f **i-C*v/7 ***i**t i*\IMJZAt y<WA^JL*2 f. Lep(iLc^ ttkr / i r t^ ' i = 3_ /ve C. n . rn ^ ... w -------- M-f.------------------------ "-- T : I J ^ " I T ,V. T T aP ^. * ^ . J i iti inrnitlettfemn-utirtuirit iitt orittniticomutntz. United states M aritime Commission ' Rf-winNAL Construction Office East Coast x r r c h s o n builoino, ion cntsiw r PHILADELPHIA 7, PA. SI September 1945 Front Tot Rofreno a (a.) Enoloauro (A) Dr. P h ilip Drinker Chief Health Consultant V, S, Maritime Coxadaeion Bureau of Ships A tti Admiral V illa L attar from BuShipa to Bu V 4 S 4 February 1945 Sootlon 76B, Par*(76$-Q), Bubjeot In d u stria l Eaalth uu) fu fatv - Survey concerning Asbestosis 2 oopias of a Health Surrey of Pip Covering Operations in Constructing Havai Tassels ' ' 1 Enclosure (A) oontains th e resu lt* of the study authorised by the Bureau of Ship, in Reference (a) and i s forwarded f o r your consideration. As you w ill note fro a the data " d only 5 men out of 1074 showed any lung changes. A ll three had worked over twenty year* a t the tra d e . In our opinion th is work u found in our Havy yard* i s mo*t u n lik ely to cause i l l h ealth and we b elieve i t would bo w ell to publish a rev isio n of th i* rep o rt in en appropriate aedieal journal. ' 2 We suggest, th e re fo re, th a t you authorise us to rew rite th e rep o rt w ith name* aud id e n tity of shipyards deleted it you eubait i t to you and to the Bureau of Medicino and Surgery fo r approval and then publish i t appropriately. cc: _C apt. B urton, Bureau o f Modicino and Surgery Ur. T racy, Maritime Commission 7. j v.. o tr fttr - pc r I A HEALTH STOYTY OF PIPE COVEtlHG OFISATIOSS IH CCnSTnu:TIl5 HAYAL VESSELS P h ilip Drinker, Chief Health Consultant, U. S. Maritime C o isiiiio n H alter E. P le iie h e r, L t. Comdr. PC, USlfR, A set. Chief Health Consultant Frederick J . V lle i, J r . L ieut. H(S) VSV?., Health Consultant Robert L. Cade, L ieu t. H(S) VSKR, Health Consultant An in d u s tria l h e a lth inspection of an important Havy Contract Yard, the Bath Iron Works M * o f Dath, Value indicated th a t dustinei frees nisoellaneous pipe covering operations m s considerable and a fen of the sesployees hid what . appeared to he a sh e sto sls. This i s a ell-knonn in d u stria l diseats esuied by only one thing---prolonged breathing of ssbestos dust The c lin ic a l manifesto* tio n e are shortness of .breath and an unusual chest picture by x-ray. In industry th e disease i s often d isab lin g , but i t is ttUCh le ss frequent than s ilic o s is , w ith fh ieh i t very properly i s classed. I t was s o t f e l t t h a t experience In a sin.-.lo yard os enough to ju s tif y any general s ta te a s e ts on working eonditlons io other yards, and c e rta in ly as no cause for a la rs , but th e re su lts warranted cheok-upe elsewhere. Accordingly, a t the d ire c tio n of th s Bureau of Ships ar rang enact i ero mads to exinint by chest x-ray the pipe eoverert in two JJavy Yards, Boston and Brooklyn, and to contract yards, Bethlehem Fore River and He York Shipbuilding C orporatisu. re m iss io n as obtained to uio dust exposure date from the V. S. Very Yard, F o rts- south, K. H. Exerdnitlone ere soede of th e working eonditlons Including dust eovoti of ths a ir bresthsd and saicroscopio and ehenlcal analysis of th s d J it i t s e l f . . Hi would point out th a t th is procedure is the customary on in molding such urvsys of oooupstlonel dleeases---medioel examination of the worker* and a study of th s nsture and oonosntration of th e oontamicants in the a ir b rssth e d . This rep o rt is a digest of our findings. - 1- Hltery of Ajolt jU o .it* , a * i 5niu I r o s ' ille a t. of t . r i . b l . oeapoltlon. 1 th . ( tc tr ie ffii f e r a a ib i.to i fibro *lu*d i Rhod.la, South fro a. th* obrlou* r i u e u for th* id u n f w ioiit f i J t J pip* aoT.rioj la my1 *ork aro i t . lw th .raal oonduotlYity. U {bt tr.acth aad r t f r u u r U i u . Kh.a th# f o lt ai pip# m i r U s M r / i r t d.T.lep.d, * *r# t l l l buildla* 1# nadar tU TTa.hiBfton T r.aty a / Lloitatieo* i a Toauc*. " i # w j pouad arad a a t th a t a u b *er# raor. p a or u s n a ltie a for a (Ir# a d lip ltc r a ta t, t# ay aeth isc af or# oceoeic op.ratiea for th# . ip h t ifiTolT.d in ia iu la tio a . pip# eo y .rin i * . i 8h# obout 14 pouad. p .r #v6 ic fo o t. trith t p .r a t u r . l i a i t of 780. . P*r#4 to w 6 ..U Ith a * . i t h t of 16 pouad# p#r oubio fo o t. ith ta s p .r.tu ro U * lt of 800. R i|h to sp .ro tu r# it# pip* o o r.rin t *#Uh# bout 1# P*** P " uMe fe e t a# oocptr'.d to 26 pouad. p .r oubi# foot for o th .r M t h tc s p .ra tu r. ia#ul#tioo.. B.c. uji of th . l w . r eoaduetlrity aad th# h ljh .r t# = p .r# tu r. l i a i t of th* aaorit* typ#. 1 . . . of i t a##d bo u##d i a a o t in a tio a o o r.rta f th#a thar t y j n of ia iu la tio a . Ib., d .r .lo ja .a t of a a o .it. f . l t ta rt.d ia 1954 *h#o a a ..d . x i .t .d to mcut. a th .rx a l io .u l.tio a i i l h t . r la i6 ht aad th .h o ally or# # m o i . r t . t h th . u i t . r i a l . (b lesil u d o . a t or a.b ..to # klJc#t) hioh ir# th .a b .ic u.#d oa d.troyor tu r b ia ... I b . Sary apprortd 1h. typ. d .r.lo p .d by . ju a u /.e tu r.r la S .p f c b .r 1954. Orit ia a lly a a o .it. u#.d oaly for tu rb io . \ 2 c r\ f is iu la tie u , but i t provad I b aatiif sto ry th a t I t i fia ld cf application 'V e lirg id to includa iB iulatian ef valvai, f i t t i n j i , r i u n i i , te* Ftca tha i a i t i l i daatroyar. i t bai baia uiad es a ls o it a ll tha daatroyara b u ilt * aiaea th a t t la a aad on ; i other oeabat v a lla li b u ilt lis c a b ifo ra tha Kar. fip a ooTaria( vai a la ta r 4m lcpae& t la l a ta 1925 and a ir ly 1938. &ua t o tha sA.aufaoturia{; priblana isro lT id , i t teak a lo&ier t i c a t o evolve iBto a a a tiifa e to ry ahapa, and I ta f l n t Uia es n i n i v a lla li vai la 193?. ` ` *Sia:a th a t t l a a i t a uia hai apraad markadly and I t vai uaad on th a jr a a t m ajority cf s a n i aonta t v a lla li b u i lt d u ris i tha lTar. TTatar-rapallant a s o liti f l i t vai daralopad d u risi tha aarly p art ef 1942, a i a rep la am & t fo r t t i r f l i t la tha is iu la tio s o f c o li v atar lisa a .< t e p ra ta st tv a a ti& i. E a ir l 'a l t bad tha diiad v astaia of b a i s i e sab u itlb la Ad M i t v ai e rta s io , vhas i t bacarne v et i t souldad or ro tta d and eould C harbor ra rx in ' At th ia tim i f i r a i es board s o r t i la s a ra i v a n i i . cost se ad ^ th a fary of tha d a iir a b ility ef elL io a ts t amy e o riu itib la a a ta r ia l fre a os board ahlp. S ra c tu illy a typa v ai diralopad in a tr ip i e f SO fo a t la n ith i ned ef lu ita b i a vidth to aneleia tha elroutfaraaea ef th a tyya asd aseloiad in ac a rtresa ly lith t- v a ith t m uilis te previdi basdlini a b ility aad raduoa tha d u it, l-i-oh tha v a tir - r e p o llm t a i c t aada mora prominast than i n ethar a s o li ti produeta* ' . 1 - 3- i.' fa'. I . V t f ' V- . V ' I . pB iorlptlon of Qporntlon end Worklar. Environment * Ab*itols resu lt from breathing abeto f l b i r i or r e la tiv e ly loog length, iU:h i 18 to 72 tlc ro n x . I t i i ao t caused by breathing ohopped up a tb e slct fiber of on* or two micron as hoi b u s wary o la a rly diao& itritod'by P r. L. 7. Bardatr (3) Cf th e Sarwae L eboretoriei. J h irifo ra wa a r t eoneamtd w ith tho p ra ie se t ic a ir of asbestos fib er which eon be aeea such under Ion power of the ordinary leicroseep, . ' . \ But the o lin lo e l p io tu re oaa e a sily be ocnplleeted by th preito ce of dietoru- ctour earth , a for* of amorphous 'i i l i e s , which eon eauie ilie o ili cad i i probably. more ferlo u i health r is k than a ib e ito * . , Another duet which say ba p raia n t la agnosia, UgO, which la i& wary ecsscn uea a* a heat lneulator. and 1 harmless, Therefora eur analyses, Section 17, are done to in d icate how such fibrou type of asbestos duet lc p r e te s t l a th e a ir breathed, bow such a ille a 1 present ( e e e lo lly ee dietonaceous e a rth ), aad ho* such of the h araleia ingredient* lik e iroa ' . ' oxide an. d earbonatai. * . Thera ara frequent reference in th is re p o rt to the uee of "epprowed re s p ira to r ." The epprowal la giwen by the U. 8 . Bureau o f Knee fo r in d u itr ia l d u it r e c p lra le rt which are intended to be worn under ju s t eueh conditio ai th o ie a depict to protect the wearer a ta is it inhaling ham ful quantitiaa of dutte such at a ib e ito t and e i l i c a , R espirators are newer popular w ith wortasa becam e i f they are effe c tiv e they alweye o ffe r a light re sista n c e t e breathing. But they dc prevent duet in h alatio n and thy caa be aad a c tu a lly are used in prsver.Uag dut l& halsti on la many plant tody. Both Kavy and Maritime Corarissioa hove approved the u*e of dull resp irato r* for epeoial job la shipyards. + t rv r I ' , "N Plp e o rtr io j may V* d irld .d lo to aran a i r f . n t t operation. a folioi 1. Laylnp out and cuttinr, 2. Bnnd a b suttlnr. -- ' ' /; ' . 5. Sewlnp end prparation ef bool'. nd JacKets 4. Cernant nlxlnr. Moldne . i l *r l tt^ nC ; 7. I n tta llo tio n on board ahlp . i , ' a. Ltyisg out and euttlng . Rolls f a e b eito i in s u U tln 'e f l t un*rsp*d and unrolled oa a l v i Ity a u t ta b la or oa th a JUoor of th a hop. h i i s a t a r U l , w lth tha axceptiea ef tha typa kne*a a a w ater ra y a lla a t a a e s lta , la th an a il a tta d Ith a *tr apray.. Tha a a ta r l a l la saarVed I n t o a t am rad -aar.tlo n a and eut i th a r et ary------- la e trlo hand an. Tha eut aetione ara ro lla d up and a lth a r uiad or atackad in tha aterareen . aually on to th ra a worker* ara =?loyed a t th ia operation, Ih irlts tha har.dlicg, uian-appia; and u n ro llin t of tha aabaitoi, com idarabla duvt a rlsa . but appaara to a a tt la ra a d lly . X wory fin * a ta r apray ahould ba uaad for w attlnc du th a n o ta r ia l aa a h lfh waloeity apray 111 a t l r up d m t. Oasa a tta d 'th e handiinr. d o u ttin e 'e i tha jaatarlal ilra a riaa to l i t t l o rls lb la ust. AU of th a yard* wat dcnn th* aibaitos a i daacrlbad abov. Tha Brooklyn Kary Tard haa an aaborate axhauat aystaa fo r tha layout t ib i a . Tha e n tir a top ef th la t a b la la oo.arad w ith a n a ll p erforation throuEh ,h lo h tha a ir la oxh au ltad . Thia ta b la 1 t u f f io la n U y lar** th a t no mora than t o -t h ir d i of th top 1* aaar ooaarad w lth natarlal and roon a ir la thr#by 6 - I r' ( : xl.bu.iLoJ Lhrout li Vl.u oi '. or t h i r d . ' \ ' \ iw eelewlly or .(.city M i i a r w t n t u re r* made on t h l i yitem , .dntnj>r:ientd In te r In th e re p o rt in d ic a te th a t V t h i s o o r .tr e l e e iu re hed marked e f f e c t in r .d u e ir .5 th e f e e t n o u a i. 2 . Bend ew c u ttin g A ite sd u -d bend new ueh t ( 1 found la woodworking hope 1 weed to cut M beitoi iniuJation block* aad board into deeired ehapei. Thli operation lvet r ie e t o J e rs e mount of air-borne dut, it o i which l e t t l e i lowly. Konw-lly th e re i* only one worker oa thi* operation t any one t i a e . 4 Jnesnuch 1 th i 1 a Tery dusty operation, the bad aw ehould be eseloied in ruca by i t e l f end should be quipped dequtte locl xhauet Ter.tll- tio n both bore end beler* th e ew ta b le , i#cu*e of the eehanleal d if f ie u ltie i in lo ca tin g th ie exhouit properly, ome of th e dut w ill eiespe Into the s i r Bad th e operator houid therefore wr an approred duet reepirator _____ 3, . grain s a nd p r eparat i on of boot, t ad Jacket ------------------- - In t h i 1 oaeretion Jacket eoTer* for Talree and pipe jo ist* are fab ricated . The work c o n .i.te or c u ttin g bto* c lo th with .hear, peddiBC the jacket* with a a o .lte or other in u la tin E te r ia l, and wing w ith wire or aeb.etoe oerd. The. operation ,;ie r it e to only s lig h t of t i .i b l e dust aad exheuet v e n tila tio n and re sp ira to ry p r o t.r tio a are neither required aor ueed. There le ueu*lly a lrj-,;e number of worker doins th ie operetioa in oae large room. . 4, Ce^tr.t n lx la : ' Per protection and to gire a n eat appearance the in fu la tie n ea board chip e uaunlly cohered with fin e st containing a high percentage of eebeetoe fiber. 'mixing. tho proper amount of w a te r I added t o t h e dry a i b . i t o e oeneat and h o r o u ' h l y r o t a t e d w it h a hoe. O e o M i o n a l l y email amount Df a i b e i t o oaoent r e i rl i e d i n a p a i l will, a tro w e l. C o n . l d w r ab l . d u e t i . r . l a . d wh.O t h e a . b e . t o . latr." ' / " \ r s n t 1 dwtipod in to th ix tn j treu(;h and durins th My t*&* *f o rd ln r.rily thl proe* 1 den i= * parot i-oom and oaly en eportter l i / *poicd. Th d u itia e ii of thi opratlon narru st* th u. o i*huit <rr.tila* ^ tio a or M ia ira to ry p ro te tib a or both, lthouth s*ithr i i satrlly uied< f ttre ira p h ic analy* e f b*toi eomnt indieat th a t th w eunt of dlttom icaaui -rth my bo m hifch 1 87J by eouat. 8,- 'lioldlnt # . Keldin* i th p ro e.i ef b u lld in e up aibte* la iu la tio a to f i t odd hp e f bailarw ark and p ip in S. A fon 1 8 * to h tP* cf th< `s h n ,r y to b* BuUtd* Block ia tu lk tlc n i l l l djoiain* otioa* tlu td to je th o r, rcpostd urfac* eald -rtth ibitoi ont t a i th bol od ceird * ith aibostoi e lo th . Hhn dry, th oJdd i n r i l t t i o a cu b* lif t d o ff th fo rs ' * aad 1 r.ad y to b in a t a ll .d oa b e .rd hip. T h i. e p .ra tio a i u .u c lly doa in th .bop.r.xt to th . rls| i ' V.'ry U t t l . d u .t i . produc.d fron th i cprtieb nr.d no ipeial- t t j ) t l l a t l o r; cr r eplTto ry p ro t.e tlo n -* i>swird^- ` ' 6.' Crindiar. i. 1 . . . ; Error1 hipycrdi r el i t h . i r ic r .p p ite . ef p r .fa b r ie a t.d ..e tio a of M b tito r in m l" tio a by f.riadlar, up th i n . t . r U l and w.iafi i t ln th . tb..*-es eca.r.t, 11 of nhieh oentributo. coaiidrbl dutla. Konstlly thi Job li.d s s Ot in fr .q u .n t i c t e r r il u d oaly ea or two tn r . s?9*d. but th ep.rotlon ihould b . i.o H t.d , om xhau.t .u p p li.d ad tppror.d du.t r ip ira to r non by th oprator." / 7. iB ite llo tlo o of ?la cororlae on board ihlp r-.-.r a r . a n urb.r o f o p .ra tlo a . ln ro lra d la plp oororlac oa board htp. Aaoiito f o l t 1* wrappod uid poundod t l 6h tly arouad la r pip and J i t. d foitened fin o ly in plee * ith . i r . or .b e .to . eord, Pip aad b o i l .r . r. 4W.1M -1 '- r* ; v . ^ covered w ith p refab ricated eeetlon*,' which B e e e u ita te i one hand eewlnt to 1 '* f i t th e eeetion*. Reedy nixed oemtot 1 applied to f i l l io eptee* and jive % monthor f is i e h . Sone ln iu la tio n i* wrapped with ( l e u cloth or acbeetoe clo th f-,r ,-reater atrcnf.th. The only operation th a t produce much d u it are the w rcpjirE ,nd p''undinf, of aaoefta and the eewiac of e e ctio a i. Kearly a l l of the eimpartmeni on board hip are involved 1b th ie worl, although h r I t o f i t ie concentrated In the aechinory apacee* U iually the g ree ter lumber of pipe coverori work on hoard ahip and re la tiv e ly few aeo in the hop. The epw:inc or worker* ranee from ooo or two men doing a enall Job in I litin r , apace'to a t many a< tweoty or t h i r t y men working on ten or more Jobe in th e ermine fo ra . Temporary exheuit w eotilation ie eeldos ueed on boerd ehip f o r pipe coverinj and v :ry f w 'o f th a worker* wear re jp irr.to ri. B c a u ie of th e varied nature w pipe e o v e rih j operation* in ehip dot- Vn rtn an t* . rem .rnl .xhnuct v e n tila tio n in to b ^roforrod. I f the eemr**,tmnt ' i> la rg e , *uch n* tne main agine r^om, fiv e e i r chiijgei per hour are neededi In email conpertne::ti, eueh e i liv in g tp e e e i, te n to fifte o o e ir change* P, r hour are required. _ I I . M sterlsls Used ( ' ` ^ A* Ar.nunt . A tromondous an utit of eebostos in su ltlio n is used on nodorn noTtl ih ij . To r.i* f.or.cral idc* nf th e in c re ti# la asbestos pipe coeering o p tra tie n i on major nseal ehlpc in recen t yonre, T elle I u compiled. The tab le e t i r t e r i t h 1912 also# high percentage asbestos ineulation eaae Into v j* e t th a t tin e . ' The ta b le eorers only new oenetructloa although e e rira l .. . jxrd* did considerati# re p a ir work whdoh included pipe covering. Since th e dates fV/n in th e tib ie are those of eonaissioning, the pin# covering *rork preceded these dates by one or tro y e a rs. The lis tle g s fo r 1943 ta d 19+4 Are probably not e m p ie te end ione of the l i i t i s g i fo r these years nera es t i s i t a d fro th e dates of le.unehing. The Information in th is ta b le was'takes fror. "The Ships and A irc ra ft ef tl.o U. S. F leet" by Jane C. Fahey. ( 5) f In Tallii 2 i t jiv e n a eujtiirary of the Amount of asbesto in eu lstio n t a t e r i s i I used in etch of the shipyards during an average uanth. - 9i 7-- r' TADLE I yeas (w * 1933 1534 1935 193S 1937 193! 1539 1340 * 1941 1942 cIS- BOSTON KATY YARD 2 Destroyers 2 2 " BROOKLYN NAVY YARD f fo n isMourn navy yard l Subnfjiae 1 I* 1 Cruller H 2 Destroyers 2 m 1m 1 C ruiier L ft m l " 1m 6 D e'trcyers 1 " - 2m 2 " 6 " 1 Battleship 3 n 0 m 5 " 2S Desw oyer . {scam 1 " 5n KBf YOX 3K1P3MIDII 1 Cruiier E 1 H 3 Destroyers 1 3 Cruliari L 1 Bsttlsihlp 4 Cruiien L 0 Cr.rriuri L 1 Cruiier L 1544 fi D sstreyers 1 " 3 2 Cr.rrier* _______________________ L ! d a r c t e i Htevy M 1 Cerrier L ? C ruiliri H I, desates U h t BE7H12HZ1! fose a r r i s 1 Cruiier H 1 Destroyer 1 Cruiser E 4 Destroyers . 1 Cruller H 2 Deitrryers 1 Cerrior 2 Destroyers 1 D rttleihlp 2 Crullers L 0 Destroyers 3 Cerriers 4 Crullers H 1 Cruiser 1 12 Destroyer Escerti 1 Cerrior 1 Crii er S 2 Cr.iierr L AaoaLta A JM tllta [ ir>r<p*H nt) P r* rtb rL c tU d Sactiona (aald d and block) A sbastoa c lo th K a t a l l l c Twina Tara A abastoa papar A skastoi board i l b u t o i cornant TABUE 2 . S tili?!* OP OU1DUALS USED AX EACH TAJO PDI UOHTU Haw York S h ip 40,000 s q . f t . Fora Hivor 6|3Z 6 1*1* r t a B ro o k ly n 60,000 aq. f t . P artsnouth 2,000 aq. f t . - 3,300 sq. f t . 15,000 aq. f t . 1,760 s q . f t . IB,BOO U n a a r f t . I S ,700 linear f t . 34.700 a q . f t . 40,000 sq. f t . 1,200 sq . f t . 115,000 linaar f t. 105,600 aq. f t . - - 150 lb . 4,000 a q . f t . 5,500 sq. f t . ISO s q . f t . - 67.600 lb . 38,500 lb . 5,500 aq . r t . 6,000 aq. f t . 15,000 lb . - 260 aq. f t . - 120 lb . B o sto n 58,200 aq. f t . ii * 600 aq. f t . 13,300 lin a a r f t. 75,500 aq. f t . - ; - ' 2,7^0 lic a a r f t i H.iOO lb . l.' 1 J On r' . 232"" or . . . t o r t "V Pi" " ' " 1TM " S' ............. .... ru rl et / \ the foil!"* eompoiltietu S ille a (S102) p trc .n t ............................... 47,5 Iren . Id . (T.iOj) * ..........,5 ` . e .. ! W . ( M t ' " 1'1'* " - , r h. * .0 trM f tib e ito i fibra* in ^ n e r* l u.e a rt TiTie* l analyi* 5 th t t*o y? tabulated blei Chrvs a t i l t A prite S9.W ................. 50. 24/i S ille* ( s iO j) ...................... . ... . . . . , 40.or 1U6m i U (U tf)............................ . Alvstina (M 2 s '............ ........ 7.B0 c r . r r i e oxide (F*20J},, . ptrrou* oxide (F*0)*` . ) 2*4 l i .... 52.00,'i Sodivrr. oxide (H2)........ . 14.4;! ..................3.00. ; ^, . . r r . ,, . . I t . . ! . .t iqu, l er tr.e.td th . . * m ini** 1 tv, V ,w S p to i r i e t t i e n s b t c t u s t v r i ^ r r r * " t5,ly ' * 7 k 1 6 t * h ic h l f .1* 1* . M . . - r o t h t u*ed alone beeeue* o r i t !* ehryte.U o ^x o t h the s t e i n 4, ,1.5/. .,,P.etci fiff e d byY t h e K try- " h* *** of . , bB>tst fib re . lit * `j s t be ir.,ixed. .tO,, ,,t hm--rr 1*u. t h . r r . f . r p r . p . r t l . " t *r 12 r > \ t 1 fo r n n s ii and s ille r Tiio u n u n ti of thoia notorial ui*d to fonn t h li s ir t u r o thersfora wouM bo 6 - 45jJ chry io tilo boats and 94 * 57ji ajv>*ita iib iito i. The two fib re s d lf f a r ila ly i s th e ir physical clia ra c te rla tie s. C1>ry*otile is eapabla o f bains ra a d ily acnaratad Into -ary fin s flb ra e with s o ft lilk y f l, whert&i omositi i t harsher and raquiroi are nanipuletion to f ib e r ito i t . Oas au th o rity has s ts ta d th a t th* e h ry to tila hat tha f in a lt individual f ib r e s , and m o iita the coarsost. Bacauit of th is differanoa ws nay auspaet a daoidod dacronia in th a nunbar of r a ip irib la fib ra t (balow 203 ftierons in laath and 5 aicrone in d ianatar) whanaver a n rslta is ustd in prafarenea to ehryiotila aibatto. f . - 13 \ - -.-emx-- s~\ I I I . PI? CovericR T a o l l l t l o o a t,In d iv id u a l Shipyards ' A, U. S. Navy Yard, Brooklyn, V. T. ' Them k ra 60 aian working in tho hop and 70f> men on board ahlp. Tha shop is divided in to four i n roomsi layout, Cawinc. Cament, und Storage sad Band saw eoE bltsd. With tho ext option of tha Comsnt How, t th a doors between the rooms era normally l o f t open. . i Tha work in th s Sawing Rooc c o n sists c o stly of fab ricatin g and swing w lv o boots and jaekot*. A ll tho esmant usad on board ship Is cixad in tho Comont Room Thoro is no exhaust v e n tila tio n fo r oithor tho Sewing or Comoot Room. Tho bandsaw i s equipped w ith a fle x ib le exhaust tube abovs th a ta b le and an oxhauit around th s blado btlow tho saw ta b le . Tho layout tab lo i quipped w ith oxhauit V o n tilatio n as doieribed above. Thoro i s so oxhaust- v o n tila tio n suppliod or board ship fo r pips covering and no warkuri wsrs found weiring ro sp lratcrs. B. V. S. Ktvy Yard, Poston, Hass, Thors aro 04 sen worJdng in tho shop and 467 non on board hip. Tho he? is divided in to two rooms, on of which i s n rir-trily for storage and oc casional grinding and band saw c u ttin g operations, ^ho only mechanieal exhaust v o n tila tio n in tho hop 1 provi.de d fo r the grinding, nixing and band a aw c u tt lt j operations and 1 inadsquato. In the. other rocs* layout, c u ttin g and oewlng a re dsn w ith a small amount oT epaae fo r etornge. Croas d ra ft v o n tila tio n is provided by opon windows on both sidas of the rooa. Work on board hip 1 not suppliod with oxhauit r s n tlla tio n . No a s b e i t o s workers wore fouod wearing r e s p i r a t o r * . C U. 5. V*Tf Yard, Portsmouth. K. H. There are 5 men in tin hop and 5 men working on board hip. The ihcp c o asiit* of one large layout room with two mailer cubicle, one fo r e.w inC and on. fo r cu ttin g and i . e u t , e'.p a r .t .d from t h . main layout room by chicken wire p a rtitio n * . A mail exhauit hood ia ueed In the layout roon to exhauet oork oonentlng operatioae only* A ll other v e n tila tio n ia natural , e d r a r t. There i i a m ill roon l a another building where band aw operation. * . a r t done. The band eaw operator ie th e only worker wearing a ree p ira to r. r-ost of th . aebaatoe in su la tio n 1 kapt In a etoek roaa in a th ird building. ` p . Bethlehem S te el Co.. Fore River Tard. Quitey, lie*. ' There are B men ia the.hop and 160 s e a working on board ah i?. Pi?* covering operation* are done la two hop*. I n the tin one, boot* and jack. f o r plpu valves rnil connection* are /e b rie ito d and iurplus inatwrial 1* tored. In th e .n a ile r hop, I.y o u t and cu ttin g of a n o site , w . t . r rep ellen t o * ito and / i r e f e l t i* done. There i* no exhaust v e n tila tio n in e it h tr ahop aor fo r the pipe severing operation on board .h ip . A ll t h . a .b .ito * c .x .n t i . nixed in a co-n.j'tr.er.t on board *hip. The o rly worker who wear* an approved duit re? ir* te r l i the rear, who cut* th* two type* of am o*iti. There i* ao band e*w cutting of asbestos in th ii yard. / . }>e Yorfr Shipbuilding Coro., Canden, K. J . There are 61 men working in the ehop and 123 on board ehip. Layout, ' n ettin g and cement mixing are done a t on* end of th . .hop. Duet resp irato r* are oeea.ionally worn during t h . . . procedure*. At t h . other end of the hop Y * \ t h . f a b r ic a tio n of beet, J a e k a ti and oidi aro dono, k . w a l l ei ,uih f i v t r i o . t l e n 1 don* on hoard hip. M rtiria l i t cut With ft bruirt a* in ft epareto room aid th o ptratsr t r i ftn ftpnrovd Uwt r u p U f tto r. Th. duat fro, t h i . " i . .xhau.U d through * . l o t und.r t!,. tabi* whlah c a tc h only a p a rt of t h . d u .t ( ! ' . ab.. tha tabi*. ' * Thar i l .x h a u it ta n tila tlo n in th* hop, o th .r than for th b a d aw. nd non. fo r th pip* eo*arin<? operation on board ih ip . H I floor, r a i l , and r a f t . r i of t h . .hop ara .l.f tn .d a t fra^uant i n t.r v a li with an in d u stria l , a e u e lta n e r. Host pipa e o ra rin t on board hip i p-H td i th i *T iBS during th* aaeond ih if t. 16 - ro . r\ IV, i j& 3vi>a of S e t t l e d t h a t end Puet Count jr There a re no o it*blih#d. figure fo r p m ia a ib le or afe duatiaeia in f ` \. pips eevcrinp. operation. D r . . . . . n e t e l > in th n ir eem pr.h.m iv. itudy of b e s te d i n tho ebstoi t e x t i l e in dustry UCG* * UHm p i r t i c l t . of t o t a l dust i th re s h o ld fo r t h a t in d u stry . We should lilt t o point out t h a t th* eib e sto e t e x t i l e ta d e ib e e to i t i p 1 coterinR i n d u e t r i .s Aiffr wid*ly i,, t h . i r h u trd a o fd u o t exposure. In tox til p lan t. worker. u.ually eontinu. Ot sp e c ific job* With f a i r ly eonatant dut axpoiuree fo r on you*, whir t h . pip coverer ey r o t . t . between hop and ohip and fro m a ll to .\ari ihip conperta.nts w ith a wide -rariation in d u it expoiure. In contrast to tho to r tll# irorkor, tho pipe cntororU terieli d iffer n a rk .d ly in th ir asbestos content, ranftiac from 85# m |n eiii (10-15^ a ib a ito s) to unosito (05?i esb estn e). When a ib a ito . e W r.ts contain largo r o t i of dlotw.aeesui ea rth thoro i re s u lta n t o ilic o s i. h a s.rd as ind icated oboe. r In r e n t r tl wo f a e l t h a t dust counts belovi 5 ' illlo n p a rtic le s per eubie oot by Xaniiaeter indiento Rood duet control. , 0>-r fir.ures in Tobin 3 were dotorsiineo by the Koninctor and net with ho im ir.or instrvreont which i>; eounonly used 1 tudies of e ilic o s is risk * . * " t , tho K enireter became i | i f lig h t, eaily portable and takea recoros hieiv.fen be kept ir d a f in ittly ^ A . is ^ d ie a to d in'T able *. the d u stie st rd tisr* are bei-.d cutting,', eenont Jrixir.g, end in s te lle tio n onboard hip. )7 v t r I ! \ r op i" 1 1 i. W ? :7 2 111 11 Io n p s r t l c l s s u f J u s t pr, c u b ic f o o t or f i r . 1 ' i GPEKATTOt: 1 ! i sSUvo'it n d 1C u t t i n r ' Boston j Brooklyn j , Portcmout h Korn (liu 'r IBCpllI Urm oi l&bjj : Kr York ShiD . 1 ' ! ftu trin c wit;h Band sw i | Boston j 1 Brooklyn ' Portsmouth ' lltrx York ish to tin ld in r On n t i o n s , Nir* Yo>-lc S h ip \ Toro 1 1njr TARI.Z 3 . AlliU.TSrz: CP CETTLCn DUST AltD AIT? SAMPLES u9 1`o rc o r.t lo s s tlisji a u o 10 m icro n s by c o u n t ' a AII. 4 Ho 2 -0 jkZ X4Jl*. 3tr 3 C3M 4 1 KO 4* M *88 8 -Tt m & > ,1 4 3 *M- 0C 4>4* JuO-4 m oH it o c 0o 4 3 mu n umM 4 c df o fj * * 4 H 0 Oc a u u M u s o* c. 8 I8d a ao 0 X k o a. X j3 a. X < m4 o oi O4 WO Mi. u0 * D ust C ounts (lIPPCr) Tots.1 D ust P0-8 n. o 0 0 4 0 *0 Mi q 0 o* 3o 0- jq o HSa A sbestos Dust 0 " c. 10 o K U 9S 16 6 12 6 24 26 10 2 3 .5 - 8.7 6 .1 0.21 - 0.50 0.35 SB 10 8 12 t r 4C IB 12 7 1 .6 - 6 .8 4 .2 0.01 - 0.54 '0 .2 3 9B 9 t r 9 95 2ff ft B 95 in 4? ft 95 30 6 10 t r 38 2B t r 59 21 f.r _ lfl 14 t r 26 14 16 64 0 .6 - 10.7 ~10" 10 b 6 .5 - 1C.5 15 4 17.1 - 25.2 7 .1 0.06 - 4.0 2 .3 11).9" " U-tfi) - 1.1D - "1)763 20.6 1.13 - 4.30 2.18 m4o1 3 a4mmic tac O a. 5 .7 - 6. 0 .6 - 7. 7 .5 - 51 1 .4 - 0. 6.8 - 11 98 9 7 e t r 98 4 5 8 t r 98 9 63 2 t r 8 16 8 51 10 4 2 11.0 - 19.2 1S .1 12 2 32.4 - 46.6 3 9 .S 24 24 1.2 - 30.0 1 3 .1 12 3 1 8 . 2 . 1 0 0 / 73 / 0 .1 0 - 0.14 2 .8 - 3.2 0 - 2.5 .9 - 12.8 0.12 3 .7 - 0. 3 .0 6 .8 - B. 1.1 0 6 .1 9 4 .3 * 1* 9D B 66 3 t r 76 10 95 4 9 7 t r 48 i o 12 '( TAim: 3 . (Shoot 2 ) AH.O.T3ES OF SETfirP MIST HIP Jim saupi.es Poroont lasa than 1 r> 10 n ie r o n s by o o u n t | D ust Counts (lu tcf) 4> m ' . IT w-- - l 4> j *c* u:* Hn. T o ta l O u st A s b s s to a Dii s t O JOmm m KofjEi as Uo r*4 ri s V!*I x>m mX4 m 4mW*m V illi on p a rtic i - >^ it o n M -r| u4 ^ "d ios 5 * 9 tX m m 4 44 m 4m* 4t4 p ar cubic Toot or *> i n O > - o 4 - a o 4il b, 4 a h 1 la n o i* 1 4 H4* X % Um 9 OPOUTIOH 1 Uu i. aOOo i Ois. r i ao u a u o nI tfh n 9 S 1 W oo Oto HxteL << J r roi J ,k; Luts____ i 71 < N u i n Hw 5 S s _ se o K u iw V3 (Sawing asbestos cloth} QR 17 t p <1 t r 1I 21 ( S tu f f in g Ith bnosi tn ) 98 0 8 u t r 38 20 m outh j j R lo^ I o ri Shlo. 98 6 t r 5 t r 42 26 98 6 8 t r 38 29 95 26 6 11 3 28 12 n r zzn 16 3 3.3-6.9 4 .8 15 l 2.1 2 .1 21 12 2 .7 -B .2 5 .4 5 3.9-10.9 6 .0 1 i4 : 2 10.9-12.3 11.4 i ? 4 ,8 0 s0 -0 i4 o .2-- .5 0 -.0 5 .4 5 --79 .0 1 --0 0.1 0 -f .4 o O .35 6-7 ' .03 0 -0 .5 .62 3 .7 -7 .4 oJ03 0 .3 -1 .G co mouth (S t oc (croc*) ! { I i s u a Rocnn) P isar 98 10 8 5 t r 31 27 19 9B 4 2 6 t r 45 28 ' 15 95 15 8 7 t r 26 32 i r 1 U iTt^ n 1VU 1 R i t e r (On b o a rd sh ip ) orr Tr^D. r, S c r o l i . t o r l . l s n 1 * I 9B 1 8 20 I IS 1 1 . II 10 1 33 1 12 16 6 .4 -9 0 / 31 / 2 67 - 1O0 / 84 / 5 19.C-40.C 2 33.8-43.7 32 4 1 .3 115 9 .4 - 1 0 0 / J U = O - 0.52 0.2 1 .6 -1 .7 1.7 O - .02 .01 1.6 - 4.7 3.1 0 - C.7 1.4 - Z . Z 0 - .001 4 .7 - 1C.O 0 - 1.6 .47 0 - 2.6 9 1 \ r i r< c *AD1 4 . CWPARISOH OK DNSTIWZSS OF VARIOUS OPERATIONS I t! EACU SIU1'YJLJID I OF E?JuT I OH BOSTON IfFPCF T o ta l Dust A sb esto s Dust nnooKLTW ppcf T o ta l Dust A sbestos O ust fore iii ra t y?pcF T ctal Dust A sbestos Oust NOT YORK S n iP . htcf T otal Dust JLsbestoa Dust PORTSMOUTH KPPCF T otal D ust isb iita t Dust Jt io .i C u ttin g " S i -J` -ilS i* E o'! T a b r lc e tio o n t V ixicg r e l r.tora tiop A^Tsrege ' ilp A renas S .l 0.35 4.2 15.1 0.12 39.5 4 .9 0.03 1 4.2 *..... --' ' ` --- 31.0 0 .2 84.0 50.0 0 .4 ? -- lu .o O.OS 2.4 30.0 3.25 26.9 I"f1I4I2 .10**=s=m 0m.~02-r-w-w12B.O 0 .2 3 3 .0 0 .1 --1 .7 0.01 1 .0 2 .8 10.6 0.63 -- 5 .0 32.0 0.03 0.01 6.0 7 .5 11.C 0.02 0.23 0.03 2 0 .5 2.18 7 .1 2 .3 7 3 .0 6.19 13.1 1.1 11.4 0.62 6.4 C .3 5 4 i,3 3.1 * . 14.2 C .8 2.0 0.14 3 2 .C 2 .6 6 .3 1 .0 1 4 5 .2 1.1 11.9 0 .3 IlOTCi UPPCF s l i l l i o n p a r t i c l e s o f d u s t p e r c u b ic f o o t o f e i r . Cl i ^ * . ^ V. Vedleol Flndlnr; The lnoldenoo or a ib e sto iia among pip* coverera a t datanilned by cheat x -ra y i> (Ivan In Table 5. The re la tio n b* c*an year* of exposure and per cent aabeeteele le Included la Table $. Due to frequent turnover of shipyard worker and the length of tin e re q u ire d .to x*r*y a la rg e number of worker*, the number x-rayed nay not equal the number of pipe ooT trera. At y*w York Ship. x-rays were examined of non who have l e f t the yard while a t Brooklyn a few pip ooverera were not x-reyd. At boston the 48 x-rayed out of $51 were a l l older men working in th e chop. Ssse of th e ie pipe oovereri have had pre-shipyard experience i n the aebeeto* industry, but the ta b le i are bated solely on ehipyard exposure. At Xrw York 5 h ip ., fo r example, the Aebeatos Shop estim ated th e t about o n e-th ird of th e i r pipe coverera had worked with aebeeto before coming to the yard. The one caae of advanced aibeetoeia a t l!*w York Ship had worked i s the asbestos industry fo r 23 year before coming to work in the yard. At Fore f.iver the two cases of moderate asbestosie had worked 22 years and 30 year* a * at pipe covering in th e ir yard, A l l of th e x -ray film s used in the above data were f i r s t read by rosntl g e so le g ists of the L'edical Department ot the Xevy Yards, by iir . Lcoke at New York S k i? ., and by D rs. Fred kanloy end J , E. lio r ia r it y #t Fore R iv e r. In a ddition a ll of theae film s were examined by one ol' the authors (Ti. E . T . ) . Dr. W. C . Droeieej , U .S .P .H .S . was H a d enough to examine the three poei +lTo plates and he agreed on the d itg o o il* . , - Z2 - Sine# only three orkeri^out of th'e 1074 x-rayed had a ah ito ii , in i rcli o f th three had been e pip euverar for mors then 20 year. I t vould u p p er t h i t aib aito i pip covering i i t relativ ely aafe occupation. Howler I t n u it b remembered th a t thee* in ro ta ted amonr, th vnrlou operations of pip ooTrin{ and were not continually nosed to high concentration of a ib tito a di#*t t i found l a bind an nutting and eoatnt a lx ia g . Iha ugg*ftloai aada in Section Z r la tiv * to axhauit v e n tila tio n and re sp ira to ry p rotection ir therafor* of vlua daipit t h il Ion lreidcne cf a tb iite iis .  c SilPYAHD ibot o a TABU S lliabtr of *iD* C ovoror* 551 lUCl D~)C O? 15DEST0S1S AliNG r i PE CDVDtOtS Nuebor X-ryd X m bar o f Ca o f J U b M to iii U iia! ^ o d o ra ta Advu>cd 48 0 0 0 Eraoiclya 750 For H iro r 168 UmtYork Ship. 174 T otal 1663 66 2 0 163 0 . 196 1 ` 0 1074 0 0 0 Z 0 0 1 2 l 4 HOTSi X-ry* fro tha Portanouth Mtiy Yard tro n ot oval labio* i i ( t y / ! ^ A3LE . KUFY.V) 0 1 M M 1 Of Ul t -O% KSlATnKSlIP BETTCN LP3T:I OP r g p s u n r AKD incV4idF4e*.rle OV Ff AnS3"s; cS!S ,, * ri la Pip CoTorir.& Industry 10 Plu. . (&cps:td lr*toa(lfrstcvl ( F tr e .a t.j . (irpeud rsoklysA ff.ctod ,. (Prcatic* - (Expoc.d Far Sivir(Ajrf*ct*d ; . (PcrSMltftf c . "(&?OI*d Vr* York Ship(Affetd - (Prretnifij 24 0 C 225 0 or, 26 0 or- 0 0 Of. 13 0 o 43$ 0 0.? na 0 o? IOS 0 w 6 3 0 0 o,; o;{ 67 22 0 o o; or s . 9 0 2 or. 22r. j 45 17 0 1 . n VI. SgT.iiry and Conclualona 1* Ih d ita Io Tablai 3*uid 4 in d icata th a t band c u ttin g , eamaot n ix ln j tuie! in a tn lla t) e n en board hip are tha duatioat operationa. 2 . Th abo-e 3 oparatlona ahould ba oquippad rrith crdMuat v a n tila tle n to fcatp th a t o ta l d u it concantration lo . Such dult control c d ll groatly f a c ilita ta Cood houiakeeping l a pipe cerarla* o p e ra tim i. 3 . Tha i r c i dar* a c f M b e tto iia found ai lo - 0.29J! (3 eaaa out c i 1074 x -ray ad ). Sicce cneh cf th a ia 3 non had workad a t aabaatoi pipa covarit* in ahipytrda fo r or than 20 yaara, i t nay ba eoncluded th a t aueh pipa coTaricg l i r.ot a da.ngarou oecupation. . 4 , The ex eeller.t cxhauat r e n tila tio n auppllad to th a layout aad cu ttin g t i b i a e t- BrooVlya daeraaaad aarkadly tha dustlnaia o f th ia oparation. 5. Sinsa water ra p o lla n t tmoaita canr.ot ba w attad, axhauat r e a tila tio n aliould ba auppllad during layiog out and c u ttin g of th ia n a ta r ie l. - 26 - cryjrrLPcpgi.Ts W* ohould 11k to ncpra**' eur appraalatlon for th a lr ox aalast opr atto n to th* $uprriaor* of Shlpbuildini a t lit* Terk Shlpbuildini C orporation and Bathlohcoi S taal Company,' For R lrorj to th Tard R adicai Offieor and Wadloal Offieor fo r In d u a tria l Hyilan* a t tho Boaton, Brooklyn and Fertaateuth R*ty Tarda and to th lladleal Diraotor* a t lathlaheo S ta ti * * Cyusy, Tort R irr acd Hm York fiblptuildi&g Corporfttioa , if aro indabtad to H a u t. J , l . F u lltr 2(5) USHR, Portcncruth aoy Yard and t o L iau t, J . E( B(S) USKR, B oitas *aty Tard fo r a l i o t i s t " to dlt fron har itudl* as tho dult hasard i s pipa coTtrlng oporatlou ia th a lr roipootiTo yardi. Ko ohould 11ko to thaak Dr. Charlo* *. W illiam of lib a rty Mutual Iniurace Ccr.pasy fo r d o lc i tha patrocraphle asalyiaa of a o ttla d d u it siepi** and r. Charlo Cay or th Union ibaatoa and Ruhbar Caepany fo r oupplylng th* lafom a- tio n on tho datlcpant of a co lito pipo c e to rin i in ahipyaxdi. i r > ;rK m p ......... . . . c . . PC. P S * . tt.p .r t Kaforoficon "4 ' *" ,lP ` .r , .* -- n i.'iio n , Phlld*Ph U * =r " " t " e t l " ' * ' "*r {i) Lett*r fron Sur.. of Ship, to f t - of '* * " **' "J * " * m r , 1M5. . . M -4 P .- ) , ` o * )'" ' X"" -" " 1 " " * " * SLfoty - Surny eoneorsins I r tiito ii . . t l u ,, . u ,, 4 A . . . . ! . . 0>ir4 t t e i m . l t , P......... (5) U s t i. * J*. - . . . 1" B t) !, A . t i , t f * * X" *'' M` " " ' I , r t l ' pr***n n * * ,x * ' . In d u itry . BBu1l1l- H**o z24t1l * Public HoBlth SerTt#* U* s * TrM ,ury *P ' r>Arti 193C o. o .. h - -- - - - * - 4 *" n,,t: l t i Z c u ti . ... ` X `"a "" ' York, H. * '" N 26 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Baron & Budd Network P rin t Job Windows NT P rin t Server "PRINTSVR" USER LOGON NAME: #### # # # ## ## ## ### ##### ## ## #### ## ## ## ##### #### ## ## ## ## #### ## ## # # # ##### ### ## # ## ## ## # ## ### # # #### ## # # ## ## # ## ## ## ### ### #### # # ###### # # ##### # ### # # # # ##### Date & Time of P rin t Job: 3/21/2008 - 4:38:34 PM xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx