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dr T '& fc ' ' "S sf ~r ??=. >$ * % / i ,f ?%s I *&/ M Hs* I V ifw .4,, 1 . A $? "g- '. ys ih I$ ^ J-4 .A ./SW*?? .$. P ! fj &%i -g f?u s f f * /**. a -1 Si | Ss 5!;t m 8? tt v! ! s I i r* 'fa?. 'Hi t [:'iT Ir~(, /!'' ,r^;U n 'f-ftii .-.r uii.-i.' ,<yL-v rthii^L* RICAN SOCIETY OF -HI TING VENTILATING A! m nsi taa.fi AMERICAN il a2 1718759 0 5 <3 \vJ *' f \j- X. ' v X U 'H * %/* SC-ASHVE-004 p Louis Public Library I American Society of Heating and j Ventilating Engineers I Heating ventilating air I conditioning guide. I VOL 4 192 St 628.8 AMERICAN 21718 75905 I ._____97)8443 This Book Shall Not Be Taken From The Library. II . *- A< W - " ~r }%;?<. m:0-. - ; 4. S'. .X American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1925-26 Containing Design and Specification Data Useful in the Planning and Construction of Modern Heating and Ventilating Installations--Prepared from the Society's Transactions--Investigations of Its Research Laboratory--and the Practice of Its Members . TOGETHER WITH A Manufacturers' Catalog Data Section Containing Essen tial and Reliable Facts Concerning Modern Equipment and.a . Consulting .Service Section for Engineers also , The Roll of Membership of the Society Vol. 4 >3.00 Per Volume 958443 Published Annually by American Society of Heating and Ventilating . Engineers 29 West 39TM Street New York Copyright,.1925 . '. BV ''. American Society, of Heating and Ventilating Engineers- . . Printed and Bound by The Hop-n-Shafer Company BALTIMORE :-: MARYLAND '^eS.^X.%.% FOREWORD ALARGE amount of time and thought has been contributed to the preparation of this issue of THE GUIDE by. a number of the abjest members of the profession. One of the chief improvements. and one which has only been possible through the generosity of these men, is the putting of a large amount of the highly technical heating and ventilating data, which have been accumulating from the Research Laboratory and other sources during the past decade, into readily usable form, in order that busy Engineers, ' Architects, Contractors and others, who make use of this book, may find it possible to do so without laborious deductions, or study of a mass of ' n superfluous matter. .. A large percentage of heating and ventilating equipment is improperly and inadequately planned and specified and considerable part of the responsibility for this condition is due to attempts, on the part of some of those into whose hands such data falls, in trying to make use of them to cover fields for which they are not properly trained, experienced or fitted. The success of heating and ventilating equipment does not originate with any, or even with all, of its technical particulars; such as the sizes ' of boilers, the sizes of pipes, the quantities of radiation, the sizes of fans, ducts, etc., but with the general marshalling and arranging of its affairs and in deciding the proper methods and apparatus to be used. | The data presented for selecting the proper size of boiler do not attempt | to supply the means of knowing whether this should be for high or low | pressure, of cast iron or steel construction, of water tube*or fire tube type, coal or oil fired, etc. In the same way the pipe size tables may be I used for determining proper sizes oT pipes for heating systems, for fan. % heaters, or other apparatus, but they are not intended to supply the | judgment necessary to determine as to whether or not the heating system, | the method of ventilation, or other apparatus and methods contemplated,. I are proper and adequate for the service intended. These same thoughts . | . apply to the various other data throughout this book and it is hoped that, .. with these ideas in mind, the widest possible use will be made of these data. 1 A. S. H. & V. E. Guide Publication Committee, . Perry West,. Chairman ' iii - ' '> CODE of ETHICS for ENGINEERS ENGINEERING work has become an increasingly important factor in the progress of civilization and in the welfare of the community. The engineering profession is held responsible for the planning, construc tion and operation of such work and is entitled to the position and authority which will enable it to discharge this responsibility and to render effective service to humanity. That the dignity of their chosen profession may be maintained, it is the duty of all engineers to conduct themselves according to the principles of the following Code of Ethics: 1--The engineer will carry on his professional work in a spirit of fairness to employees and contractors, fidelity to clients and employers, loyalty to his country and devotion to high ideals- of courtesy and personal honor. 2--He will refrain from associating himself with or allowing the use of his name by an enterprise of questionable character. S--He will advertise only in a dignified manner, being careful to avoid misleading statements. 4--He will regard as confidential any information obtained by him as to the business affairs and technical methods or processes of a client or employer. 5--He will inform a client or employer of any business connections, interests or affiliations which might influence his judgment or impair the disinterested quality of his services. 0--He will refrain from using any improper or questionable methods of ,, soliciting professional work and will decline to pay or to accept com missions for securing such work. . . 7--He will accept compensation, financial or otherwise, for a particular service, from one source only, except with the full knowledge and consent of all interested parties. . 8--He will not use unfair means to win professional advancement or to injure the chances of another engineer to secure and hold employment'. 9--He will cooperate in upbuilding the engineering profession by exchang ing general information and experience with his fallow engineers and students of engineering and also by contributing to work of engineering societies, schools of applied science and the technical press. 10--He will interest himself.in the public welfare in behalf of which he will be ready to apply his special knowledge, skill and training for the use . and benefit of mankind. tv PREFACE IN a continued effort to render greater service to the science of heating and ventilating than ever before special attention is called to the fact that in this, the fourth annual edition of THE GUIDE, the following new and im portant changes have been made, which it is believed will greatly increase; the value of this 1925-26 volume to the largest number of its users. . The Design and Specification Data Section has been made more of a practical interpretation of the various existing scientific heating and venti- . lating data, including the Code of Minimum Requirements for the Heating and Ventilation of Buildings developed by L. A. Harding and his fourteen technical sub-committees, so as to present this data in THE GUIDE in the simplest and most accessible form for practical use by Engineers, Architects and Contractors. The Technical Design and Specification Data Section has been expanded to cover the general and fundamental data on the various kinds of heating and ventilating systems and the Manufacturers' Catalog Data Section has been arranged to properly supplement this with the most desirable amplifying and specializing data on specific systems and particular kinds of apparatus. In this section will be foundmuch design and specification data and many layouts and hook-ups to display the various kinds of heating and ventilating systems in use and the proper application, operations and results to be expected of various kinds of apparatus. - In connection with the Manufacturers' Catalog Data Section a mote determined effort has been made to carry out the original idea of having this data as free as possible from all unnecessary selling talk and to present therein only such technical information and instructions concerning each item of apparatus referred to as is of the greatest practical value to both the user and manufacturers, of this apparatus. ' While desiring to provide the engineer, architect, contractor, estimator, purchasing agent and draftsman with a complete, convenient and reliable reference data book on modern heating and ventilating practice and equipment, the Guide Publication Committee finds that as progress is made in the industry, changes will be necessary and each GUIDE will represent the best known engineering practice at the time of publication. As in the case of the first edition issued in 1922, the second edition published in 1923 and the third designated 1924-25, the present GUIDE has extended and simplified much of the technical data. In line with the Council's resolution it has been prepared for publication by Secretary F: C. Houghten under the supervision of Chairman Perry West and the members of the Guide Publication Committee and has been compiled . with the idea of assisting the engineer, architect and contractor in design ing and producing the most effective installations for heating and venti lating various types of buildings. . Now in this fourth edition a.rearrangement of chapters has been made and much new data added and the old data amplified and brought up to date. In the'heating section thechapters on Heat Losses from Buildings V ?!' and Heating by Radiation have been entirely rewritten. A chapter has been devoted to each of the Systems of Heating and new data has been contributed in each case on steam, hot water, warm air and gas. The : chapters on Code for Testing Low Pressure Heating Boilers, Pumps for Heating and Ventilating Service, Oil.for Industrial and Domestic Heating have been retained and new chapters on Automatic Heat Control and Insulation have been supplied. For the Ventilation Section a new introductory chapter outlines the present status of the science while other new chapters include The Hill Synthetic Air Chart, Systems of Ventilation and- the Application of Refrigeration to Air Conditioning, the revised chapters are on Tempera ture, Humidity and Air Motion, Air Washers, Duct Design, Exhaust and Collecting Systems and Ventilators. - In every case the various chapters are the product of one or more specialists, nearly all members of the Society, and revisions have generally been made by the original authors. Publications of the Society, as well as other sources of information, have been drawn upon" for some material and credit.has been given in each case. Great care has been taken to maintain a logical arrangement of data in order that it may be most useful. Briefly the points covered ate: Con- sideration of the required system, the figuring of heat losses, choice of proper equipment for heating by steam; hot water or warm-air with various fuels, pipe sizes, insulation and automatic heat control systems; ventilation systems, air conditioning, air washers,- duct design, exhaust and collecting systems and other related facts that must be considered in the design and installation of a. modem Heating and Ventilating Plant. The increased size of the Manufacturers' Catalog Data Section, gives engineers, architects and contractors who use THE GUIDE when buying- a wider selection of modern equipment and the list of products made by the users of Catalog Data pages affords an accurate Index to the Modern Equipment available. As in the case of both the First, Second and Third editions all Catalog Data have been carefully edited in an effort to eliminate exaggerated statements or claims. - No effort has been spared in compiling data for the improvement of this Fourth Edition of THE GUIDE and the suggestions of its users have been most helpful, in making it the standard reference work in our field, thereby performing a needed and valuable service in the advancement of the science. / The American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers having for its purpose the advancement of the arts and sciences in -its. fields dedicated, this volume to the service of the Industry and hopes that a closer contact between the maker and user of equipment will result in improved service to the country at large. THE GUIDE for 1925-26, is released with the sincere hope that it will again perform a worth-while service in advancing the ideals of modern Heating and Ventilating. Guide Publication Committee Perry West, Chairman C. V. Haynes* J.. E. Bolling C. E. Eveleth E. S. Hallett : F. D. Mensing J. F. McIntire L. C. Soule L. A. Harding A. C. Willard VI ft % Ig K t; Vj P * e.1 Contents Foreword.---........ Code of Ethics.: Preface..................... Page ....-Hi __ iv ..... v Heating Section.-....................-.............................. 1-188 Chapter I. Chapter II. Chapter III. Chapter IV. Chapter V. . Chapter VIChapter VII. Chapter VIII. Chapter IX. Chapter X... Chapter XI. Chapter XII. Chapter XIII. Heat Losses from Buildings.................................-...---..................... 3 Heating by Radiation.......... ..............--......... ................................. - 31 Steam Heating Systems..........................:........... ................................ 51 Systems and Piping for Hot Water Heating.-------------................... 75 Water Supply Systems and Piping-.......... ...................................-- 95 Steam and Hot Water Heating Boilers................................. 101 Code for Testing Low-Pressure Steam Heating Boilers................. 109 Pumps for Heating and Ventilating Equipment................ 119 Warm-Air Furnace Heating.............,...... 137 Oil Fuel for Industrial and Domestic Heating....................... 157 Gas Heating............ ..................................................--........................ 163 Automatic Heat Control...................................~............... ................. 171 Insulation......................................................... ................. .................~ 181 Ventilation Section.........:................................ 189-264 . v `. ' Chapter XIV. Ventilation..................................................................................... -....... 189 Chapter XV. The Hill Synthetic Air Chart........................ -...........r....................... 201 Chapter XVI. How Temperature, Humidity and. Air Motion Affect Human ' '. Comfort--......................................... --............................................... 207 Chapter XVII. Systems of Ventilation..................................... :....................1............. 219 Chapter XVIIIl Air Washers and Filters ..................................... --.......... ............ 225 Chapter XIX. Application of Refrigeration in Air Conditioning... --,............ 229 Chapter XX. Design and Construction of Air Ducts......................................:...... 239 Chapter XXL Exhaust and Collecting Systems^--................. ................................... 245 Chapter XXII. Ventilators and Natural Ventilation................................................. 257 ' , Consulting Service Section__ ______ 265-268 Catalog Data Section.................................... 269-524 . Manufacturers' Catalog Data..................................... ..................................... .......... 269 Index to Modern Equipment................. .......................... ..........:.................................... 508 Index to Advertisers.... ....... ................................ :........................... ..............:................ 521. Roll of Membership...............,................................ 1-52 Officers and Council--1925-26........................................... -...................... -..........-........ Officers of Local Chapters--19251-26 ...................-............................... -............... Alphabetical- List........................... Summary of Membership................................................................... ................................ Geographical List....... .........1:.......................... '..................... .................................. ........ Past Officers................ ................................... ............................ ....................................... 2 4 5 39 40 49 VII X American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide -26 PART I HEATING i- N an effort to establish a more uniform practice in the design of I heating' systems and the installation of the necessary equipment by engineers; architects and contractors, the Society has undertaken the compilation- of the most practical information available on the subject and for this data has drawn upon the experience of its members, the results of its Research Laboratory investigations, reports of its technical committees, the Transactions and other, reliable sources. Heating, like any other service, depends largely upon conditions to be met and the quality of service required. The capacity of a heating system is generally based upon the most severe conditions of outside temperatures and wind velocities to be found in a- particular locality. Its design should be governed by the character of the building,;the purpose to which it is devoted, the period during which it is to be occupied and the reasonable and most practical methods for operating the heating system should be taken into consideration. . Attention is called in this connection to the following: That the-average winter requirements (extending over a period of about 200 days in the colder climates and 150 days in the- milder climates) are about 40 per cent, in the colder climates and about 60 per cent in the milder climates, of the requirements generally estimated for the most severe winter conditions, also that these severe conditions exist for just a few days each season. The load factor of a heating system averages from . 40 to 60 per cent of the maximum and is considerably below this during a large part of the heating season. Then a heating system designed for maximum conditions will be operating under a comparatively low load factor for the greater part of the time and may be correspqndently inefficient and uneconomical; unless properly designed to meet these conditions. `. In the smaller plants this is hard to overcome without either having a plant too large , for economy or too small to heat up in a reasonable time. This is sometimes attempted by having the normal capacity of steam boilers about 60 per cent of that required for maximum conditions which provides for their average operation at about normal capacity and at corresponding overloads for the maximum conditions. In order to make 9 .1 xsrmv??: . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 this successful the boiler, plant must be adapted to operate successfully on at least 50 per'cent overload for short periods. In larger plants the boilers may be divided into two or three units, so that one unit may be operated during mild weather, one or two units during average weather and the entire plant during extreme weather which arrange ment is ideal for flexibility and economy. . . . Another important design problem is to bring the building up to its working tempera ture^ This is a general requirement for buildings that are not heated over night, or which are used periodically and not heated during the time that they are not used. Recent tests have indicated that from 10 to 20 per cent more^uel is required for main taining normal working temperatures in office buildings throughout the 24 hours than is ordinarily required for maintaining working temperatures throughout the day and allowing the heat to be shut off during the time that the building is not in use. It may be assumed that other classes of buildings would show similar results. In office buildings, factories and other work places,, it is not generally considered so . necessary to have the temperature up to normal at the beginning of the working period as it is in schools, churches, theatres and other places of assemblage where the occupants are sitting still, and for this reason the relative capacity of the heating system may be less. In school buildings and other buildings where the heating of the air for ventilation is a large part of the load, this factor may be greatly reduced by recirculating the air during the heating up period, so that while the entire normal average load on the building may be from two to three times as much for heating the air as for supplying the direct radiation the heating-up load for the air may be reduced to from one-half to one-third of its normal value, so that the total load may not be more, than twice the direct radiation load. By continuous recirculation for the. ventilation, arranged to vary the amount of. air taken in from the outside from 100 per cent at an outside temperature of 55 deg. to 25 per cent at an outside temperature of 0 deg. the boiler capacity required rfor heating the air may be held practically constant at about 25 per cent of that required for 100 per cent of 0 deg. air from the outside. ` The load factor of the average heating plant is such that the total heat required per month will vary according to the following, when measured in percentage of the total heat required for the season: October. November December January February March April 7% 12% 17% 20% 18% - 16% .1,0% 2 Chapter I HEAT LOSSES FROM BUILDINGS By Arthur C. Willard^, Member THE procedure to be followed in determining the heat loss from any building can be divided into seven consecutive steps, as follows: 1. Determine on the inside air temperature, at the breathing line, which is to be maintained in the building during the coldest weather. 2. Determine on an outside air temperature for design purposes, based on the minimum temperatures recorded in the locality in question, which will provide for all but the most severe conditions. Such conditions as may exist for only a few con- . secutive hours are readily taken care of by the heat capacity of the building itself. 3. Select or compute the heat transmission coefficients for outside waif and glass, also for floor, or top-floor ceiling, if these are next to unheated space. Include roof if next to heated space. . 4. Measure up net outside wall, glass and roof next to heated spaces, as well as any cold floor or ceiling next to unheated space. Such measurements are made from building plans. ' * 5. Compute the heat transmission losses for each kind of wall, glass, floor, ceiling and roof in the building by multiplying the heat transmisison coefficient in each case by the area of the surface in square feet and the temperature difference between the inside and outside air. See paragraphs I and 2 above. 6. Select unit values and compute the heat equivalent of the infiltration of cold air taking place around outside doors and windows. These unit values depend on kind or width of crack and wind velocity, and when multiplied by the length of crack and the temperature difference between the inside and outside air, the result expresses the heat required to warm up the cold air-leaking into the building per hour. 7. The sum of the heat losses by transmission (paragraph 5) through the outside wall and glass, as well as through any cold floors, ceilings or roof, and the heat equivalent (paragraph 6) of the cold air entering by infiltration is the total heat required for warming any building. , . INSIDE TEMPERATURE The inside air temperature which must be maintained within a building, and which should always be stated in the heating specifications, is understood to be the temperature at the breathing line 5 ft. above the floor and hot less than 3 ft. from the outside walls. Inside air tempera tures usually specified vary in accordance with the use to which the building is to be put, and Table 1 presents values which are in conformity with good practice. . Professor of Heating and Ventilation and Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering. University of Illinois. 3 American Society'o/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 1. Inside Temperatures Usually Specified Type of Building Deg. Temp. Warm Air Baths.................... ........ 120 ........ 110 85 Bath Rooms........................... ........ 85 Paint Shops.................................... 80 Hospitals..... ........................... ........ 72 to 75 Public Buildings.................... ........ 68 to 72 Deg. Temp. Residences.............................. ... 70 ... 70 65 Stores........... :............................. 65 Gymnasium................................ 55 to 60 Machine Shops..-...................... 60 to 65' Foundries, Boiler Shops, etc.... 50 to 60 In making the actual heat loss computations, however, for the various rooms in a building it is often necessary to modify the temperatures given in Table 1 so that the air temperature at the proper level will be used. By "air temperature at the proper level" is meant, in the case of walls, the air temperature at the mean height between floor and ceiling; in the case of glass, the air temperature at the mean height of the glass, in the case of roof or ceiling, the air temperature at the mean height of the roof or ceiling above the floor of the heated room, and in the case of floors, the air temperature at the floor level. In the case of heated spaces adja cent to unheated (no heat of any kind) spaces, it will usually be sufficient to assume the temperature in such spaces as the mean between the tem perature of the inside heated space and the outside air temperature. The air temperature at the mean height between floor and ceiling is the "breathing line" temperature, Table 1, for rooms not over 10 ft. in height. For rooms above this height, add 2 per cent per foot of height to the breathing-line temperature for each foot or fraction of a foot difference between the mean height of the vertical wall glass roof or ceiling surface, and the height of the breathing line. In determining mean air temperatures just above floors whicf^are next to ground or unheated spaces, a temperature 5 deg. lower than breathing line temperature, may be used, provided breathing-line temperature is not less than 55 deg. fahr. . OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE The outside air temperature used in computing the heat loss from a building is seldom taken as the lowest temperature ever recorded in a given locality. Such temperatures are usually of short duration and are rarely repeated in successive years. It is therefore evident that a tem perature somewhat higher than the lowest on record may be properly assumed in making the heat loss computations. . The outside temperature to be assumed in the design of any heating system must not be more than 151 deg. fahr. above the lowest recorded temperature as reported by the U. S. Weather Bureau (Table 2) during the preceding 10 years for the locality in which the heating system is There seems to be no agreement in this country at present as to the method of arriving at the proper outside temperature to be used in the calculations or design of a heating system. Some offices use the average of the lowest yearly temperatures for the preceding ten years. The Heating and Piping Contractors' National Association in their Code arrive at the assumed outside temperature to be used in the design by including a factor for wind movement as recorded for the locality in question.' Thus, of two localities with the same minimum recorded outside temperature, the locality having the higher wind velocity would be assigned a lower outside air temperature for the calculation or design of a heating system than the other locality. However, since the effect of wind movement is actually reflected only in the heat trans mission coefficients of wall, roof or glass, and in the inleakage (infiltration) of cold air at the cracks around outside windows and doors, its effect should be applied to the transmission and infiltration coefficients and not to the outside air temperature. In this chapter, the practice of correcting transmission and infiltration coefficients for unusual wind movement is followed and the method discussed in detail. 4 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 - to be installed. The outside temperature assumed and used in the design should always be stated in the heating specifications. Table 2. Climatic Conditions Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau Records' Col. a State i. - Col. B City Col. C Average Temp., Oct. 1stMay 1st Col. D Col. E Col. F Lowest Tempera ture Average Wind Vel ocity Dec., Jan.. Feb.. Miles per Hr. Direction of Prevail ing Wind, Dec., Jan., Feb. Ark................ Birmingham.....................-........... Phoenix..... ............................. -- Flagstaff................... -................... Fort Smith______ :....................... Little Rock. -................................ Pr Grand Junction......... ................... New Haven................................... Ga.............. - Atlanta........................................... Savannah....................................... Lewiston___..................... ....... ..... Pocatello............ ........................... 111 * Springfield..... ................................ Evansville...................................... Sioux City.......... -........ ................ Concordia....................................... Dodge City.................................... Kv Shreveport......:..................... -...... Me.... ............ Eastport........ ................................ Portland......................................... Mr! Mass............. Boston............................................ Mich............. Alpena..................................:........ Detroit....................... 1........... ...... Marquette.-- ............................. Minneapolis................................... Mo St. Louis......................................... Springfield..... ................................ Havre..... .... ................................... North Platte..... ............................ N. H............. N. J............... N. Y.... ' . N. M.. _ .... Winnemucca-- .............................. Albany-- ................................. . Buffalo..... .... ....................... -....... New York-- .................................. Santa Fe........................................ 57.7 53.9 59.5 34.9 49.5 51.6 54.3 58.6 39.3 39.2 38.0 43.2 61.9 51.4 58.4 42.5 36.4 36.4 39.9 40.2 44.1 33.9 32.1 38.9 40.2 45.2 61.5 56.2 31.1 33.6 43.6 37.6 29.1 35.4 27.6 25.1 29.6' 56.0 40.3 43.3 43.0 34.7 27.7 37.0 34.6 39.6 37.9 33.4 41.6 35.1 34.7 40.3 38.0 -i -10 16 -25 -15 -12 29 28 -29 -16 -14 -15 10 ' -8 8 -13 -20 -23 -24 -25 -15 -32 -35 -25 -26 -20 7 -5 -23 -17 -7 -13 -27 -24 -27 -41 -33 -1 -24 -22 -29 -49 -57 -29 -35 -7 -28 -35 -7 -24 -14 -6 -13 8.3 8.6 3.9 6.7 8.0 9.9 7.4 5.6 9.3 7.3 8.2 11.8 8.3 4.7 9.3 17.0 10.2 11.8 8.4 6.1 12.2 7.3 10.4 9.3 9.6 7.7 13.8 10.1 7.2 11.7 11.3 13.1 11.4 11.1 11.5 7.6 9.1 11.8 11.3 8.7 10.9 9.0 9.9 9.5 6.0 10.6 7.9 17.7 13.3 7.3 N N E sw E NW N NE S SE N NW NE NW NW E SE SW NW S S NW NW N NW SW. N SE W NW NW W W. SW NW SW NW SE ' NW NW ' SE W SW N W. SE NE NW NW S w NW NE 5 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table:2. ' Climatic Conditions Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau Records__ _(Continued) - ` `'^r ' Col. A Col. B State City N. C. Raleigh............... Wilmington.__. N. D. Bistnark..... ........ Devil's Lake___ Ohio.. Cleveland........... Columbus...!........ Okla............ . Oklahoma City.___ Ore................ Baker._................. Portland.............. ; Pa............... Philadelphia...__ ... Pittsburgh.......... R. I.............. Providence............. S. C._........ Charleston______;. Columbia.....;......... S. D............... Huron..................... Rapid City............. Tenn.--:......... Knoxville................ Memphis................ Texas............. El Paso.................. . Fort Worth............. San Antonio............ Utah___ Modena................... Salt Lake City....... Vt.......... Burlington___ ____ Va.......... Norfolk.................... Lynchburg.............. Richmond............... Wash.__ Seattle..................... Spokane___ __ W. Va.._........ Elkins____ ___ Parkersburg___ Wis................ Green Bay____ La Crosse..... . Milwaukee....... Wyo. Sheridan........... Lander.TM......... Col. C Coi.. D Col. E Col. F Average Temp.. Oct. 1stMay 1st Lowest Tempera ture 0 Average Wind Vel ocity Dec. Jan.. Feb. Miles per Hr. Direction of Prevail ing Wind. Dec., Jan., Feb. 49.7 53.1 24.5 18.9 36.9 39.9 48.0 34.1 45.9 41.9 40.8 37.6 56.9 53.7 28.1 32.3 47.0 50.9 53.0 54.7 60.7 38.1 40.0 29.3 49.1 45.2 47.4 45.3 37.5 38.8 41.9 28.6 31.2 33.0 31.0 28.9 -2 5 -45 -44 -17 -20 -17 -20 -2 -6 -20 --9 7 -2 -43 -34 -16 -9 -2 -8 4 -24 -20 -27 2 -7 -3 3 -30 -21 -27 -36 -43 --25 -45 -36 7.3 8.9 11.4 14.5 9.3 12.0 6.0 6.5 11.0 13.7 . 14.6 11.0 8.0 11.5 7.56.5 9.6 10.5 11.0 8.2 8.9 . 4.9 12.9 9.0 5.2 7.4 9.1 4.8 6.6 12.8 5.6 11.7 5.3 3.0 sw sw NW W SW SW N' SE S NW NW NW N. NE NW w SW . NW NW . NW N W SE S N NW S SE SW W S SW NW W NW " NE If U S. Weather Bureau reports are not available for the locality in question, then the U. S. Weather Bureau reports for the station nearest to this locality are to be used, unless some other temperature is specifically stated in the specifications. In computing the average heat transmission losses for the heating season the average outside temperature from October 1 to May 1 shall be used. This average temperature is to be that reported by the U. S. .. Weather Bureau during the preceding 10 years, for the locality in question,.'^ General Statement on Temperatures and Wind Velocity .' In order that no misunderstanding may occur, the specifications for all heating systems or plants shall include a clause stating the following: 1. The lowest recorded outside temperature in the locality, as reported by the U. S. Weather Bureau for the preceding 10 years: 6 `%X, K fe American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide,1925-26 2 .The outside air and inside breathing-line temperatures which were assumed and actually used in making the heat loss computations;' 3 The average wind velocity in miles per hour for December, January and February, and the direction of the prevailing wind during these same months for the locality in which the heating plant is located--both wind velocity and direction are to be taken from the U. S. Weather Bureau records for the preceding 10 years. ,I HEAT TRANSM' ISSION ,COEFFICIENTS Definition The amount of heat expressed in B.t.u. which is transmitted in 1 hr. per square foot of the material as used in the building, for a difference in temperature of 1 deg. fahr. between the air on the inside and outside of the building, is called the .coefficient of heat transmission for the material. The heat transmission coefficient for any given building material depends on the structure of the material and its density. Heavy or dense materials, the weight of which per cubic foot is high, usually transmit more heat than light or less dense materials, the weight of which per cubic foot is low. ' Transmission Coefficients . By means of suitable tests on an actual wall construction, heat trans.mission coefficients (Table 6) may be determined directly, or they may be computed if certain physical constants are known. If tests are made to determine heat transmission coefficients, the inside and outside air temperatures should correspond with those actually existing in heating practice, and the amount of air movement, both on the inside and outside of the test wall, should be definitely stated in reporting the coefficients. Since actual temperature differences vary widely in different parts of the country, it is desirable to adopt some standard basis for testing, such as 70 deg. inside and 0 deg. outside, and in very precise'work make a correction for cither temperatures. It has been found that the absolute mean temperature of the wall affects the coefficient materially. The coefficient increases with the absolute mean temperature. Tests are usually run under still air conditions, which means there was no wind movement, during the test, over the surfaces of the wall. In practice, some wind movement over the exterior surface of the wall should always be allowed for; hence still air coefficients cannot be used in actual work as they do not provide for the normal wind movement over the outside of the building in the locality in question during the heating season. Moreover, still air transmission coefficients cannot be corrected to provide for moving air conditions by multiplying by a single constant factor, for the reasons set forth under Effect of Wind on Heat Transmission Coefficients in Appendix to Section III., Code of Minimum Requirements of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. The coefficient of heat transmission of various building materials and types of construction as given in Table 6, are for still air and for a wind movement of 15 miles and are generally applicable to heat trans mission computations using equation (9). Such heat transmission co "7 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 efficients are always based on the difference between the air temperatures on the inside and the outside of the wall. Transmission Coefficients by Computation If heat transmission coefficients are to be compjuted, and in many, if not most cases, they should be computed, the following analysis of the transmission of heat through a simple, solid wall-is used as the basis for such computations. '. The diagram in Fig. 1 exhibits four important temperatures: First the air temperature t inside of the building: second, the temperature h of the inside surface of the wall; third, the temperature t, of the outside surface of the wall, andfourth, the air temperature t,, outside of the build ing. Heat reaches or enters the inside surface of the wall by radiation and convection, since the air and objects A within the building are always of andAmerican Society Heating Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 - Now Ko may not equal Ko, in which case (to-to) will not equal (t-t,). Usually, in an actual wall exposed to wind on the outside, Ko (Table 5) is greater-than' Ki and (/.-<) must be less.than (/-!,) Moreover, the heat He passing through the wall by conduction is equal to H, and H,, and if C is the coefficient of conduction = B.t.u. transmitted per hour per. square foot of material per 1 in.- thickness per degree difference' between the surface temperatures, then ffl = HI = Hc = (t. -t,)S (3) i Fig. 1. Temperature Curve or Gradient from Air Inside to and through Wall to Air Outside, Wall Material Assumed Air-Tight A represents warm surfaces at temperature t of inside air; B represents cold surfaces at temperature to of outside air. For an actual temperature gradient curve see Fig. 2. warmer than the inside surface of the wall, when the inside air tempera ture t is greater than the outside air temperature to- This heat must then pass through the material of the wall from inside to outside surface by conduction, and is finally given off from the outside surface by radiation and convection, provided, of course, that equilibrium has been established and all four temperatures are constant. The..amount of heat reaching or entering the wall per hour depends on t and t, and a coefficient Ko varying with the character of the wall material. K, may be defined as the B.t.u. per hour entering each square foot of wall surface per degree difference between the inside air tempera ture t and' the inside surface temperature h. Hence the heat received by inner surface of the wall per hour by both radiation and convection is ' H, = K, -1.) 5 (1)_ where 5 is the inner wall surface area in square feet and the other terms are as heretofore indicated. : Whatever amount of heat H, enters the inner wall surface must be given off from the outer wall surface, so that if Hs represents heat emitted from outer surface If1 -- Hz ~ F-0 {to -- to) 5. 8` (2) V Fig. 2. Temperature Gradient Curves for Glass (Taken from Bulletin No. 24, Engrg. Exp. Sta., Penna. State College) These equations (1), (2) and (3) are fundamental and are used for determining values for Ko, Ko and C-for actual wall materials by test. They cannot be used for computing heat losses in an actual building, since the surface temperatures to and to are seldom known, although these surface temperatures can be determined in a test by means of thermo couples. Hence, for actual conditions where the only temperatures known are the inside and outside air temperatures t and to, it is necessary to use a transmission coefficient U = B.t.u. transmitted per hour per square foot of wall surface per degree difference between the inside and outside air temperatures. Values of U for a limited number of walls are given in Tables 6-12. The heat H transmitted per hour from air inside to air outside is then computed as follows: H = U (< - to) S 9 (4) American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26; and since H = H, = H, = Hc, the right hand members of equations (1), (2), (3) and (4) are all equal. The coefficient U may be determined by test, or it may be'computed for any wall provided values for Kt, K, and C are known. By proper substitution in the four equations, the unknown temperatures t, and h can be eliminated and the value of the transmission coefficient for a simple wall x inches thick is . V= -L X, + .L X, + cJE. (5) and for a compound wall of several materials having thickness in inches of x,, x2, x3l etc., the coefficient is U= r + r + r + r + r+etc- (6) As in the case of the simple wall, K, and Ki are always the inside and outside surface coefficients for the two materials in contact with air. If the air is still (no wind), then for the same material Ki and K2 are the same, and X, = K2; but if the outside air is in motion then K, is always greater than K2 and will increase as the wind velocity increases. Values for Ki in still air as determined by various investigators are given in Table 3. Values for C, the conductivity of building materials, are given in Table 4, and are taken from the published values of various investiga tors. It should be noted that values of C as well as V are dependent on the temperature range, and it is therefore desirable that the investigator determine conductivity values when the wall is subjected to' an air temperature of about 70 deg. fahr. on the inside and about zero on the outside. Table 3. Surface Coefficients (X,) for Various Building Materials under Still Air (No Wind) Conditions The values in the table are in B.t.u. per sq. ft. of wall surface per hour per 1 deg. fahr. difference between the mean air temperature in the room and the inside surface tempera ture of the wall. . Building Material Asbestos (sheet)........ ........... Brickwork (ordinary).--....... Cement Plaster (finished).... Concrete............ ..... .............. Corkboard...... ....................... Glass (window)..................... Magnesia. (blocks)................ Wood (finished surface)____ Building paper..... ................ Average of all values. Surface Coefficient Ki (Still Air) Harding and Willard Wood 1.40 1.40 0.93 1.30 1.25 1.50 . 1.45 1.40 1.34 1.20 1.90' 1.40 Average of both sides of glass 0.12 in. thick and for 70 deg. fahr. total temperature difference from air to air with moving air on one side. Probable value, for still air on both sides 1.60. 10 rrx?*! American Society of Heating and. Ventilating Engineers Guide; 192&26 Table 4. Conductivity Coefficients for Various Building Materials* Building Material Coefficient of Conductivity C IND Weight per Cu. Ft. Authority `Harding and Willard Lb. per Cu. Ft. C Peebles** Norton U. S. Bur; Standards C CC 48.3 0.29 20.4 0.48 132.0 4.00* 140.0 8.30 9.7 0.32 13.5 0.51 33.4 1.00 6.30 5.20 0.30 1.00 1.10 6.30 8.00 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.10 1.25 1.00 1.20 0.50 0.40 0.33 0.33 0.83 0.329 0 300 0 379 0.275 3 040 0 941 Shavings (ordinary)....-............................. . 0.29 0.25 1 040 0.707 0 667 One course No. 2 tar felt............................ Glass (act. glass 91.4% total area)______ Double Glass % in. air space (glass 69.3% total area)........................................ 6 in. Tile, ^ in. plast. both surf. .............. 2 in. Tile, plastered as above and roofing covered...................................... 2.06 1.382 4.20*** 3.00*** 2.50*** 1.50*** 1.00*** 0.60*** 0.47*** 0.84 - *For damp or wet brickwork take C = 6. . .- **Flat plate method using a test sample 18 in. square and up to 4 in. in thickness.- ***For thickness and construction stated, not per l in. of thickness. . The values in the tables are in B.t.u. per square foot of wall surface per hour per inch thickness per 1 deg. fahr. difference between the two surfaces, for thoroughly dry materials. For use where air temperature difference on two sides of wall is about 70 deg. and outside air is near zero. . 'N , 2See Chapter IX by Charles H. Herter of the Report of the Insulation Committee. A. .S. R. E., Annual Meeting 1922, Revised to 1924, entitled "Heat Transmission of Insulating Materials," for the comprehensive collection of heat transmission data relating to building and insulating materia! wiuch is now in print. - 11 Aherican Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 In the case of air space construction, two additional surface coefficients for each air space must be inserted in either equation (5) or (6): These surface coefficients may be taken the same as the K, (still air) values for the materials forming the sides of'the air spaces; thus for a simple wall with one air space, K* Ki Ki C (7) or (8) With certain very special forms of construction which have irregular air spaces, it is necessary to use the conductivity for the unit construction as actually assembled in the wall. This condition exists when hollow tile is used as furring, in which case x, is replaced by -1p-, where Ca is the un.it ` Ci Cu . conductivity. See third footnote of Table 4. , Table 5. Factors to be Used in Determining Values of Outside Surface Coefficients (K,) under Moving Air Conditions Wind Velocity in ' Miles per Hour .5 10 15 20 10 20 Above 20 Brickwork 2.38 3.20 3.76 4.22 ' Multipliers of A i* Wood 2.19 2.71 2.95 3.02 A dditional Values--Smooth Surface 2.20 2.60 3.00 Average 2.28 2.96 3.36' 3.62 Taken from Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 102. of the University of Illinois. Addi tional values from Engineering Experiment Station, Pennsylvania State College, reported by Professor Wood. Tests at Pennsylvania State College indicate character of surface, rough or smooth, more ' important than material of surface. \ . This is usually taken as 3 even. In each case factor is based on still air coefficient (!,) for same material. For con ditions where wind velocity is not known use the factor (3) or take K% as 3Ki for same material. * Examples of Computations for Walls . The following examples, Fig. 3, will serve to illustrate the method of computing heat transmission coefficients for building walls, including solid walls (simple and compound) and hollow walls. In these examples it' has been assumed that a wind movement of about 15 miles per hour exists on the outside of the wall. 12 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 3. Computing Heat Transmission Coefficients for Building Walls. Tables 6 to 12 give transmission constants for a number of types of building construction. These values were determined by computation similar to that shown in Fig. 3, using the values for K and C indicated. C = conductivity constant for the material. Cpi, Cs, Cb etc. conductivity for plaster, stucco, brick etc. Ct4 in. = conductivity constant for the actual* (4 in.) thickness of tile. Considerable variation exists in heat transmission constants used by different authorities, which is due in part to the fact that / further research work must be done along this line and also to the fact that the same kind of building material may. differ widely depending upon the . source and treatment of the raw material from which it is made. ` Transmission constants are given for both still air and 15 mile wind. For practical purposes, the constants for any other wind velocity may be obtained with a fair degree of accuracy by interpolating between these values. In a table of this kind it is practically impossible to give values for all types of construction in use and ihe engineer will frequently be required to determine his own values, as in the examples Fig. 3. ' 13 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 T a b l e 6. H e a t r a n s m is s io n f r o m V a r io u sT y p e s o f W a l l .C o n s t r u c t io n -- ContinuedT 15 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 6 (Concluded). Heat Transmission Through Windows and Skylights Values given in Table 6 based upon Che following authorities: - Reports of the Research Laboratory of theAmerican Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Bulletin No. 102, 1017, ngineering Experiment Station. University of Illinois, by A. C. Willard and L. C. Lichty. ' Bulletin No. 24, 1918, Engineering Experiment Station; Pennsylvania State College, by R. B. Fehr. Bulletin No. 30, 1920, Engineering Experiment Station, Pennsylvania State College, by Arthur J. Wood and E. F. Grundhofer. - Bulletin No. 3. 1923. Engineering Experiment Station University of Minnesota, by Frank B. Rowley. Additional Coefficients from Actual Tests Based on inside and outside air temperatures with still air on inside and a wind velocity of approximately 15 miles per hr. on outside of walls, glass and roof. Note--For a wind movement other than 15 miles per hr. the value of U must be computed by equations (7) or (8), using the proper value for Kt. See also Tables 3, 4 and 5. . Table 7. Heat Transmission for Floors and Ceilings Special Note--Values of U taken from pages 13-16 The Guide 1924-25 appear in Tables 7-12 incl. ASSUME THE GROUND TEMPERATURE TO BE 50 FAHR. CONSTRUCTION A CONCRETE CINDER FILL GROUND CTILE CONCRETE GROUND 2V4" RiCK CONCRETE 'GROUND ^i>W4A"wTtoRoPdROruOorixRa CONCRETE ^GROUND ASSUME TEMPERATURE OF UNHEATED AIR SPACE TO BE 35* FAHR. WITH AN OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE OF O*. CONSTRUCTION nbeated Space Plaster aru. j60 SLEEPER: Ifc'WOOD FLOOR --S'CINDER FILL ^l&'WOOD FLOOR . MR SPACE ^^-QROUND 16 4'Rcfoforced ^---- Concrete 4* Reinforced Concrete 'Reinforced too A6 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . . Table 8. Heat Transmission for Roofs* Construction 1' Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel--------1* Wood, Felt Roofing!--................................ \\/f Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel....... 2' Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel....... 2^' Wood, 5-Ply Paper, Tar and Gravel----Tin on Wood Strips......................................-- Tin on Sheathing--.............. :............................ Tin on Sheathing, with Paper..... ..................... Shingles on Wood Strips.................................... Shingles on Sheathing-...................................... Shingles, Paper, Sheathing, Strips.................... 4* Hollow Tile, Paper, Tar and Gravel........... 6" Hollow Tile, Paper, Tar and Gravel............ - 29 Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel................ . 3* Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel................. 4' Concrete, Paper, Tar and Gravel................ Flat Tile on Wood Strips....... ........................... Flat Tile on Sheathing.-.................................... Slate on Wood Strips......................................... Slate on PAper and Sheathing.--...................... Comigated Iron on Strips ....................--.... Cori;uga'ted Iron, Sheathing......... ..................... . B.t.u. per Deg. Fahr. Difference 15 mi. per hr. wind ...... 0.30 .0.36 ...... 0.26 ...... 0.21 ...... 0.18 ...... 1.60 ____ 0.60 ...... 0.43 ...... 0.87 ..... 0.43 ...... 0.21 ....... 0.30 ...... 0.27 ...... 0.71 ..... 0.64 ..... 0.57 ...... 1.07 ...... 0.64 ...... 1.10 ..... 0.50 ..... 1.50 ..... 0.64 `Additional heat transmission constants B.t.u. per square . foot per hour per degree temperature difference between'inside air and outside air. Table 9. Heat Transmission for Interior Walls Construction Plaster, Lath, Studs, Lath and Plaster......... Studs, Lath and Plaster........... ,,.................... 4' Hollow Tile, Plastered 1 Side................... ,4' Hollow Tile, Plastered Both Sides........... 2* Gypsum Block, Plastered 1 Side..... ........ 20 Gypsum Block, Plastered Both Sides___ B.t.u. per Deg. Fahr. Difference 15 mi. per hr. wind 0.34 0.60 . .0.57 0.50 0.64 0.60 Table 10. Heat Transmission for Wood Doors and Wood Partitions B.t.u. per Deg. Fahr. Difference 15 mi. per hr. wind to 1* Thick Tongued and Grooved ln " W iX" " m" 1W " 2" 2" VA" "a m3,, ' a uuu a u ". uaa .a u . uua = 0.65 = 0.60 = 0.50 = 0.42 = 0.35 = 0.30 17 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 11. Heat Transmission for Walls of Various Constructions Thickness of Board in In. w V \w 2" 2W Two Boards With Paper Between Board and Corrugated Iron Board and Sheet Iron B.t.u. Deg. Fahr. Differ B.t.u. Deg:. Fahr. Differ B.t.u. Deg. Fahr. Differ ence 15 mi. per hr. wind ence 15 mi. per hr. wind ence 15 mi. per hr. wind 0.32 0.24 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.45 0.36 0.30 0.26 0.23 0.50 ,, 0.40 0.33 0.28 0.25 Table 12. Heat Transmission for Walls of Clapboard Construction B.t.u. per Deg. Fahr. . Difference 15 mi. per hr. wind Clapboard, Paper, Sheathing, Studs, Lath and Plaster with Sawdust Fill....... 0.62 0.48 0.34 0.57 0.37 0.30 0.40 0.36 0.31 0.21 0.15 AREAS WHERE HEAT LOSSES OCCUR Heat is lost from a building by transmission through all of those sur faces which separate heated spaces from the outside air or from unheated colder spaces within the building. In general, five kinds of surfaces are involved: (1) outside walls, (2) outside glass, (3) inside walls or parti tions next to unheated spaces, (4) ceilings of upper floors, either below a cold attic space or as the underside of a roof slab, and (5) floors of heated rooms above an unheated space. In most cases, only items (1) and (2), outside wall and glass surface, are considered. Failure to ta.ke account of the other heat losing surfaces, items (3), (4) and (5), when they exist; in a building, has generally resulted in more or less dissatisfaction with the operation of the heating plant, as a result of failure to heat the rooms having such surfaces as indicated by items (3), (4) and (5). The net outside wall surface is usually determined by reference to the scale plans and elevations of the building concerned. In some cases of course, the actual building may have to be measured. The total area of all outside openings which are occupied by windows and doors is accurately^ measured and listed as glass. The gloss area is then deducted from the total outside wall area for each room and the difference is the net wall area. The outside wall areas for any floor should be based on the vertical floor to floor heights and the horizontal distance from center to center of -- partitions separating different rooms. If there are no partitions, rheasure from inside face of one wall to inside face of next wall. The areas of walls, ceilings and floors next to cold or unheated spaces are foiind, of 18 . ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 course, by taking the inside dimensions of such areas, measured on the heated side. . CALCULATIONS FOR HEAT TRANSMISSION LOSSES The calculations for heat transmission losses are made by multiplying the area S in square feet of wall, glass, roof or floor through which the loss takes place, by the proper coefficient U for such construction (Tables 6 to 12, or by computation as described under Transmission Coefficients by Computation) and by the temperature difference between the inside air temperature t at the proper level (in many cases not the " breathing line") and the outside air temperature t0. Therefore, where Ht = SV . (9) Ht = B.t.u. per hr. transmitted through the material of the wall, glass, roof or floor. 5 =f area in sq. ft. of wall, glass, roof or floor, taken from building plans or . actually measured. (Use the net inside or heated surface dimensions in ' all cases.) ` U = coefficient of heat transmission or B.t.u. per hr. per sq. ft. per 1 deg. fahr. . difference between the inside and outside air temperature for air conditions ' such as exist in the given locality in coldest weather. (t -- /0) - temperature difference between inside and outside air, in which t must - always be taken at the proper level. Note that l may not be the "breathing \ 1 line" temperature in many cases. '. For examples showing application of equation (9) to practical examples see Applications at the end of this chapter, in which the heat require ments are computed for typical cases. Wind Movement The effect of wind on the heating requirements of any building should be given consideration under two heads: 1. Wind movement increases the heat transmission of walls, glass, and roof, affecting poor walls to a much greater extent than good walls. 2. Wind- movement materially increases the infiltration (inleakage)- of cold air through the cracks around doors and windows, and even through the building materials themselves, if such materials are at all porous. It is entirely, possible that a building may require more heat on a windy day with a moderately low outside temperature, than on a quiet day with a much lower outside temperature. It will therefore be evident that the wind movement in any locality must be given careful considera tion in computing the probable heating requirements of a building, and for the purposes of calculation, not less than the average wind movement in any locality during December, January and February should-always be provided for in computing (1) the heat transmission of a building, and (2) the heat required to take care of the infiltration of outside air. The first condition is readily taken care of as already explained, by using a surface coefficient K% for the outside wall surface which is based on the proper wind velocity (Table 5). In case specific data are lacking for any locality, use an average wind velocity of approximately 15 miles per hour. In a similar manner, the heat allowance (Table 15) for infiltra tion (B.t.u. per hour per foot of crack required to raise the temperature . 19 of and.American Society Heating Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . of the air leaking in through one degree) through cracks, must be based on the average wind velocity for a given locality, and is explained in the next subdivision of this chapter. Wind movement involves both direction and velocity, and hence after transmission and infiltration losses have been computed, using coefficients which allow for average velocity, a further allowance must be made for the direction of the prevailing wind in any given locality. This shall be done by adding 15 per cent to the wall and glass transmission losses and the infiltration losses on the sides of the building exposed to the prevailing winds. Those walls which lie in the two adjacent sides of the building most nearly facing the prevailing wind are to be considered in making this correction. This is not necessarily the same-as adding 15 per cent to the total heat loss of a room on the exposed sides of the building. INFILTRATION RESULTING FROM WIND MOVEMENT Reference has already been made to the fact that in addition to the heat transmission of the walls, glass and roof, consideration must always be given to the inleakage of cold outside air which must be heated to room temperature. This inleakage or infiltration is exclusive and in dependent of air that may be supplied for ventilation through ducts or flues of any sort. Calculation of the heat required for this' purpose is a very simple matter if the volume of air leaking into the building per hour is known. where . Hi = 0.24 Q d (t -- to) ' - . (10) Hi -- B. t.u. per hour required for heating air leaking into building from outside temperature I0 to breathing line temperature <; Q = cubic feet of air entering per hour at breathing line temperature, t. d = density (lb. per cu. ft.) of air at breathing line temperature, t. t = breathing line temperature; t0 = outside air temperature for which heating system is designed; 0.24 = specific heat of air. . . The determination of Q, the amount of air leaking in per hour, may be arrived at in either of two ways: (1) by assuming a certain number of air changes per hour for each room, the number of changes assumed (Table 13) being dependent upon the type, use, and location of room, or (2) by computfng the infiltration taking place through the cracks around windows and doors in that side of the .room which has the. greatest number of feet of such crack. In no case should the amount of crack used for computation be less than half of the total crack in the outside walls of the room. Thus, in a room with one exposed wall, take all the crack; with two exposed walls take the wall having the most crack; and with three or four exposed walls take the wall having the most crack, but in no case take less than half the total crack. The linear feet of crack for a double hung sash is equal to the sash- perimeter plus the meeting rail; For a standard type steel sash con structed of solid rolled sections (Fenestra, Lupton and others) the linear feet of crack consists of the perimeter of the ventilating section plus the linear' feet of sash section in contact with steel work as, for example, -* vertical and horizontal mullion steel. The perimeter of sash properly grouted with cement mortar into brick work or concrete is not to be counted as crack. . 20 "T American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Neither of these methods for estimating the infiltration is entirely satisfactory in view of the limited amount of data available, but for the purposes of calculation the second (infiltration) method is to be preferred and then checked against the first (air changes per hour) method. In no case use less than one-half an air change where outside doors and windows exist. The infiltration method based on recent tests by F. C. Houghfen and C. C. Schrader, Journal A. S. H. and V. E., February, 1924; June, 1924; and January, 1925, and others may be conveniently adapted to calculation purposes. 7 Tables 14.and 15 as well as Figs. 4, 5, and 6 present values from the recent tests by Houghten and Schrader at the Research Laboratory of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers at Pittsburgh. Table 14 and Fig. 4 based on the February, 1924, Journal, while Table 15 and Figs. 5 and 6 are based on data presented in the June' 1924, Journal of the Society. . Table 13. Air Changes Taking Place under Average Conditions Exclusive of Air Provided for Ventilation Kind of Room or Building Rooms, 1 side exposed . Rooms, 2 sides exposed Rooms, 3 sides exposed Rooms, 4 sides exposed Rooms with no windows or outside doors Entrance Halls Reception Halls . Living Rooms Pining Rooms Bath Rooms Drug Stores Clothing Stores Churches, Factories, Lofts, etc. Number of Air Changes Taking Place per Hour 1 1m 2 2 H toH 2 to 3 2' 1 to 2 1 to 2 .2 2 to 3 I . to`3 . f -----j b "-"'"s'- uuuugii a to in. uncK wan, Detween tne trame and the brick, the leakage for a plain window not weather-stripped 21 T a b le 14. A ir L eakage in Cubic F eet per H our and B.t .u . N ecessary to H eat Such L eakage from 0 to 70 D eg. F a h r . s American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 .. in . Clearance, W indow U nlocked cncnthO'Oidcno - Tf O O s3k udOOOOOO csb'tF''00-*,5' ,li VO^O'^D O-- 'flsDl CNO O'fD 41 .3 --000' Is .2 3 i_- o1#\oo'O0`o-OhO^''O* oo ooSon^cO'O CO 00 OOS' lrO- --< OTf'* - 00 co 0 O' O' >0 OO rs-rt'O'C'-r-- es co o .00 - OOOOOOO OOr-t^'^'OCNir- iO0QOOOO'On fOOOOiOOCOO tO^v'OCO'JTOt'NN^'O-HfPOCOOO'O' - <06 a9 ft. " < Q5 h -J ..<5 ft g = tftra W in d V e lo c it y M ile s per H our Leakage C u. F t. per Hour B .t.u. < O' O' CO CO t--cot--Kt'OSio -HOO-^-'NOOfOO''OOOC'ON'r^f ^`C0,0'0-i'0\ *-l'O'-'CS"i<,O'00 tH CN to lO h- CO o ^ 10 CO CSOi ^lOiiOirt dNPOOOW'OO^* 0^ lOfON'O 'OnO'Ono"0 0' O'-ifO'qoo'^Qj 'O - 'O'O--'P-CO'OO'O ' co >o ro - CN PO ^ . OCOJ 00 MO co ^ lOrO'tO'DOtSO W<N4O OO >> IO CO --' CN CO. /> . lONO'OOOOO T-I CS CO ^ "> iO0000 IO lO . ^ -h CN CO'^ 0 s^sai AioiBioqcq Aq pauiuija^ap ' A u a m 6 b sanpsA . I XHVf -Dia `ujooj ui ainssajd jo dn siapiinq joj /aoijb 0^' luaa i*d 03 Aq paonpsi sati[BA isa? aSBJdAy `.asn (BDi)DEJd joj fiaiqBA. II XHVd . for Cracks ndicated andI Americai^Society 0/.Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 H3 0< (N cn io r- oO O' O tO to CM rf O' NIONOOO"--1 O c^~ o~ O' CO 'O00O'O-4(N CQ " C4MNMNCO co co co co co ^4* - CN CS CN CO CO CO i. 'H> u 0UHCt* *ZIwd > 1Q s UJ HDc o' ft .rrl 0f- Q 1 -'5q; g** x'h U,`. OJ 0 " on St Q | 2& ? 0 Q Z o0. 0. 5 &p ` . a H & * qd ss 8-J fut 2: a, - D ft - 7s, D X M a <a0> -I O' *0 l- Tf* CO OO . r~ --< CN co co rHfSNCMNN NO rj* lO tJ< lOOOO'O'-'N CN CS CS CO CO CO J^iOrOOtO C4 CO -cjN 10 10 04 04 04 04 04 04 O' rt< cn io 3 co o *p 1-- r-- CS C4 f4 CS CS (N u. fOOOO'OCOt.'0.00 -HfNI cs CS C4 -HNCOP*r-C<5 00 --' cs co t* 10 04 co CO CO CO CO 1 . ^ O' 604 O' t-- 0s! j 04O O N OO C^4 6N <04 (04 OS 0^4 ' . --H >0 00 so O' (S^IOOC-N CSMCSMINM 'O vO sO OS O' CO r-. On -*-* cs --1 --- 0-4 <04 CS OS =. CQ r-CO M O'>0 00 00 -H CO CO Tj.. -H(NMC4CS<N NQ-4*-4|^o r-- 00 O' O' O CS 04 CS CN CN co fOOf-NNO O' -- 0*4 CO CO ^ *-! 04 04 04 04 04 So - - OONCOOv't'O e< t-. 00 00 O'o> O'HtOO'^'N O' CN CO CO 'T tHNNOINM 0'0'0*4'ON 'ONOOD'O'D' 3 00 rj OO'^-'NfS CQ *HfiCSNCNCN 0 -W J2 S' CS'ON-htJ'ID t*)IO'ONNt'. -- w-t O 00 om oor^ rf - co *01-- c- 00 00 CN CS CS M <N| CN J 1 04 ID O' OD iH 04 04 04 < os os cs rs rs ID Nf IT) O' O Kf . 00 CO os U"> CO O' aO .--> -- <M 04- I P- CN 04 04 04 CN IO 00 -rf O' 0 *t'0 0''-|'DO CO NOON NNN os O' p-< f^'ONOON'O D Q0 11 ft HW-) fCtd- MON to SNPJV-\P5N50\-\jJi sifnsag asS^ienjsa^AHy XS3X as aHNiwaaxaa attvaadv sarnvA *Dia `inooj ui ajnssajd jo dh Suipjinq jo; ii'oj 1 b O) JU3D J9d 03 Aq paanp ' ?--As8jy9)!assa9nn9IieeBojA9n -osjd so} sdn'[BA III XHVd 23 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' and the leakage for the same window fitted with a good weather-strip for various wind velocities. - Table 15 gives the leakage in cubic feet per hour per foot of crack per mile wind velocity for a plain frame window and also for a frame window fitted with weather-stripping. The leakage is given for various cracks around the sash perimeter and also for various clearances (Fig. 5) between the sash and the stop and parting bead. , . Tables 14 and 15 are both divided into two parts, the first part con taining values based upon the original Research Laboratory test data, and the second part containing the same values reduced by 20 per cent in accordance with the suggestion from the authors. In these tables both the best laboratory results and the average of all laboratory results on weather-stripped windows are given. . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 be slightly less for a given velocity because of a building up of pressure within the room before the air leaks out the opposite side of the building. Attention is called to the fact that air leaks in on the windward side of the building and out on the leeward side and, since wind will blow from various directions at different times, heating for any room having only one exposure must be based on the maximum loss. The heating plant, however, need not be figured on the sum of all maximum leakages, but in general only half of the total. However, the table gives accurate comparative figures which are probably not much too high for actual practice. In order to apply these values, a further study of the overall results as found in practice should be made, and the figures modified, if necessary, to fit practical conditions." Table 15 gives the leakage per mile wind velocity. This is based on the assumption that the leakage is proportional to the wind velocity, while this is practically true for a non weather-stripped window it is not so accurate for a weather-stripped window as indicated by the value for different velocities in Table 14. This accounts for the discrepancies in certain parts of the two tables. The two tables are, however, practically in agreement for a thirty mile wind velocity. . According to the authors of the paper: "The values given in the table are from the tests as made and are probably somewhat higher than those actually found in practice. They represent the leakage when the pressure drop through the window is a certain value which represents a definite wind velocity at right angles to the window. If the wind strikes the window at an oblique angle the component of the velocity at right angles to the window must be considered. Pressure difference between the outside and the inside surfaces of the window for an actual wind will 24 Fig. 6. Leakage through Plain Window with Various Clearances In their discussion of results as presented in the June, 1924 issue of the Journal, the authors state: . "The principal facts brought out in the first report were that increasing the crack around the perimeter of a plain sash did not materially increase the leakage, and that weather-stripped sash, while permitting much less leakage, showed a small increase in leakage with increase in crack. These facts were established by making several hundred tests. The present report deals with the effect of increasing the width of the stile, that is, increasing the clearance. "Fig. 5 illustrates what is meant by crack and clearance. The crack around the sash perimeter is equal to one half the difference between the width of the frame and the width of the sash, that is, the crack is the same on each side of the sash. The clearance is the difference between the width of the stile and the thickness of the sash. These terms are chosen arbi- 25 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . ,- . $ trarily to distinguish the two principal air passages which are found in .% double hung windows, and they will be used frequently throughout the 'j report and should not be confused. "Four sets of sash were fitted with cracks of -^g, }/g, re and in.. Each set was tested with clearances varying from ^5 to in- Each test was repeated a number of times because no two tests gave exactly the same leakage, and it was necessary to obtain 'average results. Before duplicating any test the window was opened and closed, and the stops were removed and then returned to as nearly the same position as possible. The weather-stripped sashes were tested in the same way. ' Fig. 6 gives the results of tests on a. plain window with various clearances. The tests proved that the size of the crack around the perimeter of the sash has no appreciable effect on the leakage. There fore the results apply to any window of the type tested with a crack of from yf to in. If practice most new sashes are fitted with the crack at least re in., and this crack becomes greater as the-sash' dries out and shrinks. It should be clearly understood that each curve is the average obtained from a number of tests, and the results of any one test may vary from the given curve by four or five per cent. The figure shows that the leakage increases rapidly with increase in clearance. Calculations for Infiltrations In order to arrive at the heat required for warming up the air entering by infiltration, the following procedure is necessary: First, determine the average wind movement in miles per hour for the locality in question (Table 2); Second, determine the inleakage of outside, air per lineal foot of the given window or door crack in cubic feet per minute at the given wind . velocity, Table 14 or 15; Third, express the heat equivalent in B.t.u. per hour per foot of crack to heat this air 1 deg. fahr. , ' Thus, for a plain window having re in- crack and gV in. clearance (see Fig. 5), which means the air channel around the edge of the sash is approximately re in. wide, the heat equivalent of the air leaking in for a 0-70 deg. fahr. temperature difference is 157 B.t.u. per foot of crack per hour (Table 14, Part II). This value is found in the seventh column of the table. The computation for obtaining 157 is: - . where . 124 X 0.075 0.24 X 70 = 157 B.t.u., 124 = cubic feet of air per foot of crack per hour for a 15 mi. wind for in: clearance from the 6th. column of Table 14. 0.075 = air .density at 70 deg. fahr., pound per cubic foot. 0.24 -- specific heat of air,' and .' 70 = difference in temperature between inside and outside air. . The most convenient values for use in infiltration calculations are the coefficients of infiltration for the particular kind of crackage with a wind velocity of 15 miles per hour under average conditions, with -fe in. crack and in. clearance reduced by 20 per cent (Table 14, Part II). For a wind velocity other than 15 miles per hour, use the proper velocity for that locality in place of 15. 26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, .1925-26 (1) Plain unstripped window: 124 X 0.075 X 0:24 = 2.23 B.t.u. per hour per foot of crack. . (2) Weather-stripped window: 22.9 X 0.075 X 0.24 = 0.41 B.t.u. per hour per foot of crack. Hence, use the values 2.23, and 0.41 for the heat to be supplied in B.t.u. per hour, per foot of crack for an average wind velocity of 15 miles ner hour'for each of the two kinds of cracks respectively. In case of very ^ 2 23 good double hung plain windows use = 1.11. For special cases, select proper values from Table 14 or 15 and compute the B.t.u. per foot of crack as already shown for the average case, using the proper wind velocity in miles per hour. HEAT SOURCES Heat Available from Sources other than Heating Plant The heat supplied by persons, lights, motors and machinery should always be ascertained in the case of theaters, assembly halls, and in dustrial plants,' but allowances for such heat sources must be made only after careful'consideration" of all local conditions. In many cases, these heat sources should not be allowed to affect the size of the installation at all,-although they may have a marked effect on the operation and con trol of the system later. In general, it is safe to say that where audiences are involved, the heating installation must have sufficient capacity to ' bring the building up to the stipulated inside temperature before the audience arrives. In industrial plants, quite a different condition exists, and heat sources, if they are always available during the period of human occupancy, may be substituted for a portion of the heating installation. . In no case should the actual heating installation (exclusive of heat sources) be reduced below that required to maintain at least 40 deg. fahr. in the building. The following allowances may be made when required: . 16." Table Heat Given up by Persons and Lights Persons: .. Man at rest ................. ....... ............................................... 400 B.t.u. per hr. Man at work._............................................................. ..... ...... 500 B.t.u. per hr. Lights: . Electric lamps, B.t.u. per hr. equals watts per lamp X number of lamps X 3.415 Gas lighting: ' 1 cu. ft. producer gas........................................ ...................... ...150 B.t.u. 1 cu. ft. illuminating gas............. ........................................ :...... 700 B.t.u. 1 cu. ft. natural gas................................................... ;................ 1000 B.'t.u. A Welsbach burner averages 3 cu. ft. of gas per hour and a fish tail burner 5 cu. ft. per hour. . TempSalares detailed inforraatin see Table 17. Heat Emitted by Persons per Hour at Different Room Motors and the machinery which they drive, if both are located in the room, convert all of the electrical energy supplied into heat, which is retained in the room if the product being manufactured is not removed until its temperature is the same as the room temperature. 27 ' ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 17.Table Heat Emitted by Persons per Hour at Different Room Temperatures H = Heat emitted by man at rest per hour. HI -- Heat emitted by man at light labor per hour. . Ha = Heat emitted by man at average labor per hour. Hh = Heat emitted by man at hard labor per hour. HE = Heat Energy - (Ft-Pounds hour) ' t u lfl8 B.t.u. and 252 B.t.u. respectively for light, average and hard labor. T = Room Temperature. t H = 13.2 (98.6 - T) Heat due labor = -- . HI, Ha, or Hh = 13.2 (98.6 - T) plus T E Room Temp. Deg. Fahr. Rest Heat Emitted by Man* B.t.u. per Hour at 84 B.t.u. 168 B.tu. 252 B.t.u, Light Average Hard Labor Labor Labor Condition Required to Balance Excess and Shortage in Heat Emission 30 905 931 954 981 Increasing Humidity 40 773 807 838 874 Heavy Clothing for Reduction or Pre 50 642 684 ..723 768 vention of Radiation 60 509 559 606 660 68 404 461 518 575 Normal Condition ' 70 378 436 491 554 75 312 375 438 501 Decreasing Humidity 80 246 313 375 447 Air Currents for Producing Evapora 85 180 251 322 . 394 tion of Perspiration 90 114 189 259 342 For children use one-half of table values. February, 1911. If power is transmitted to the machinery from the outside, then only the heat equivalent of the brake horsepower supplied is used. In .the first case the B.t.u. supplied per hour = horsepower ^ 2546, and . Efficiency of motor in the second case B.t.u.-per hr. = b.hp. X 2546, in which 2546 is the B.t.u. equivalent of 1 hp. hour. In high-powered mills this is the chief source of heating and is frequently sufficient to overheat the building even in zero weather, thus requiring cooling by ventilation the year round. For intermittent heating allow 10 per cent additional for rooms heated in the day time only, and for longer intervals of several days or more, add 25 percent in determining minimum heating requirements, and size of plant. Application to Factory Heating3 (See Fig. 6) Lowest outside temperature for Philadelphia, Pa. = -- 6 deg. fahr. (Table 2), hence use ( -- 6 + 10) = + 4 for heat loss computations. Average wind movement (Table 2) for December, January, February = ll.O miles per hour from the Northwest. Long axis of building is north and south. . Inside breathing line temperature = 60 deg. fahr. Walls: 9 in. concrete (stone); furred with 2 in. tile, plastered Vi in. K, -- 0.93 plaster in still air, Table 4. K, = 3 X 1.3 concrete moving air, Tables 4 and 6. ct = 8.3 for stone concrete, Table 5. Cj = for tile as shown use 0.99 (not per 1 in.), Table 5.* *In this example a design temperature only 10 deg. fahr. above lowest on record instead of. 15 deg. fahr. above was used, infiltration values were taken from Table 14 for a plain window. . . 28 American;Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 0.292 from equations (6) and (7). 1 11 0.93 T 3.9 T 8.3^ 0.99 The air temperature at the mean height of inside walls is greater than . at breathing line. Mean height of walls is 16 -5- 2 = 8 ft., which 8 -- 5 = 3 ft. above breathing line.' Allowing 2 per cent per foot above 5 ft.-, or 2X3 = 6 per cent, makes the mean air temperature 1.06 X 60 = 63.4 deg. faW The triangular areas in the end wall are practically at the mean height of the roof at which level the air temperature is 78 deg. fahr. Fig. 7. Elevation of Factory Building ZA1-+AJ2T+C-j + --Cj ~1.3+t4--.2+t8--.3 + 0,40 The air temperature just below roof is higher than that at the breathing line. Mean height of roof is 16 + 4 = 20 ft., or it is 20 - 5 = 15 ft. 29 1925-26American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, above breathing line. Allowing 2 per cent per foot above 5 ft., or 2 X 15 = 30 per cent, makes the under roof temperature = 1.30 X 60 = 78 deg. fahr. . ' Floor: The 5 in. concrete floor is laid on the ground, and hence there is only one surface coefficient Kt = 1.3 (Table 3). . . = 0.717 1.30 + The air temperature at floor level = 60 -- 5 = 55 deg. fahr. Windows and Doors: Wood-sash and doors with single thickness of glass. Take coefficient U for glass as 1.13 B.t.u. per sq. ft. per degree per hour for heat transmission (Table 6). Doors are solid wood 1% in. thick and coefficient U = 0.37 B.t.u. per sq. ft. per degree per hour (Table 6). Infiltration: Window crack assumed ys in. and doors at xV in- By Table 14 (Part I) for a 10 mile wind velocity the leakage per foot of crack is 85 c.f. hr. for a. plain window. The heat equivalent per hour, per degree is 85 X .075 X 0.24 = 1.53 B.t.u. and allowing for an 11 mile wind the factor becomes 1.53 X jq = 1-68 (see preceding note). Allow twice this for door crack or 2 X 1.68 = 3.36. Calculation Sheet Entire Building (See Fig. 7) sure Concrete and Tile.... N N N Crack H".................... N Coeffic. Area Trans. Width Height Sq; Ft. and Temp. in Ft. in Ft. or Lin. Infilt. Diff. Ft. H X 50 8X 213 0.29 74.0 50 16 656 0.29 59.4 12 12 144 0.37 56 . 1 pair doors 60 3.56 56 Net B.t.u. 4.570 11,300 2,980 11,900 Exposure Factor 1.15 1.15 1.15 X* X 1-15 Total 5,250 13.UUU 3.430 6,850 28.530 W 120 16 1380 0.29 59.4 22,900 . 1.15 26,300 wW 15 X 4 9 Double Hung 540 1.13 59.4 36,200 450 1.78 59.4 47.500 1-.15 X* X 1.15 27,300 Windows (15) 95.200 South Wall....... :........ Same as N See above 30,750 X* , 24,800 East Wall................... . Same as W See above 106.600 ' X* 82,850 Roof 3* Concrete and Slag....:........... . No Ceiling 52.5 120 630b O' 60 74 280,000 None 280,000 Floor 5" Stone Con crete.- ................... . On 50 120 6000 0.717 5 21,510 None 21,510 Grand total of heat required for building in B.t.u. per hour at + 4 with 11-mile Southwest wind.. 532.890 *Notbs--(1) This building has no partitions and whatever air enters through the cracks on the wind ward side must leave through the cracks on the leeward side. Therefore, only one-half of the total crack will be used in computing infiltration for each side and each end of building. . . ', (2) An exposure allowance of 15 per cent is also to be added to the wall and glass transmission.losses and to the infiltration losses on the two adjacent sides of the building most nearly facing the prevailing wind as stated in paragraph 36. . , , . ,u ` f ,,,, (3) It is also possible to compute the heat required to take care of infiltration on the basis ot ** ot an air change per hour as given in Table 13 for a factory with minimum conditions. Volume ** 50 X 120 X 20 (mean height) = 120,000 cu. ft. and heat required per hour is , 120.000 XHX 0.075 X 0.24 X 59.4 - 64.200 B.t.u. - Based on infiltration through one-half the total crackage in all walls, the heat to be supplied per hour is from preceding table, ' ,,,, 6.850 + 27,300 + 5,950 + 23,750 = 63.850 B.t.u. . This value based on crackage should be used, but if building is to be heated intermittently, not less than one air change per hour should be allowed.. .' 30 Chapter II . HEATING BY RADIATION ' By R. V. Frost, Member * | CALCULATING RADIATION RADIATION can be classified as direct, semi-direct, and indirect, and is usually made of pipe or cast iron; when it is made of pipe it is termed pipe coil, and when made of cast iron it is termed column, I wall, semi-indirect, or indirect radiation; ; , The unit of measure in figuring radiation is the square foot of heating j surface, which is the external surface. . ! The amount of heat a square foot of heating surface (radiation) will | give off depends upon, the temperature of the heating medium (steam, j or hot water), the temperature of the surrounding air, and the velocity ! at which the air passes over same. . . ; Tables 18 to 24 on succeeding pages indicate the number of B.t.u. a i given size column or wall radiator will transmit in 1 hr. with steam as the | heating medium and Tables 26 to 30 give similar data with hot water i as the heating medium. The ordinary practice in calculating the amount \ of radiation of various kinds to meet a variety of conditions will be : briefly stated. i To determine the amount of direct radiation to heat a room, figure all | of the heat losses, adding the proper amount for exposure, and refer | to Tables 18 to 30 to find the proper size radiator. : If a radiator of more than 20 sections is required, multiply the value, B.t.u. per intermediate section, for the particular''radiator, Tables 18-24, by the number of additional sections above 20 and add this amount to the value. Total B.t.u. per hour, for the 20 section radiator. This will give the total B.t.u. per hour for the required radiator. Example.--What is the total B.t.u. per hour for a 30-section 32 in., single column radiator? - Solution.--626 B.t.u. X 10 sections = 6260 B.t.u. : 6260 B.t.u. + 12,875 B.t.u: = 19,135 B.t.u. Total per hour for 30-section radiator. , . : - 5 ii i ;i The values, B.t.u. per square feet of intermediate section and B.t.u. per square feet-of end surface, are given on the tables to show the relationship between the two. The greater exposure of the end surface on the radiator, obviously will give a greater emission per square feet of surface. 1- c*eterm`ne. the amount of semi-indirect (sometimes termed directindirect), radiation to heat a room, figure all the heat losses, adding the 31 / . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' proper amount for exposure add 40 per cent and refer to Tables 18-24 to find the proper size radiator. Example.--The heat losses including allowance for exposure for a given size room is 17,200 B.t.u., + 40 per cent or 24,080 B.t.u., requiring a 19-section 45 in. 3-col. semi-indirect radiator. Pipe coils should be of the header type, with provision made for ex pansion by a mitre piece. The steam supply should be at the mitre end and all coils should be securely anchored at the return header so as to throw the expansion toward the mitre end. The coils should be made of l]4, or 1J4 >n. pipe and not over 60 ft. in length, not including the mitre, which should be at least one-tenth the length of the coil, SELECTION OF RADIATION It is usually necessary to select the type and location of radiation to conform to the conditions and space available in the room. In general it is usually most convenient and practical to locate the radiation on the exposed side of the room. The size of the radiator to take care of any particular heat, loss can be best selected from the sheets compiled by the Society's Research Laboratory in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, which are based on experiments by the late Director John R. Allen, and F. B. Rowley. As the heat emitted per square foot of radiation varies in radiators of different heights, widths and lengths, and also with the steam pressure and the temperature of the room, errors will occur if the same factor is used for all radiators. Examples for the Use of Tables.--Assume that the heat loss from a room is 15,497 B.t.u. per hr., to heat the room to 70 deg. fahr. Two-column 38-in. radiators have been selected using steam at 1-lb. gage or approxi mately 215 deg. fahr. . Solution.--Ii>Table 19 for two-column radiators, under 38 in., it will be found that a 17-section radiator will emit 15,960 B.t.u. There fore a 17-section two-column 38-in. radiator will be required with a rated surface of 68 sq. ft. If in the same example steam at 5-lb. pressure or approximately 227 deg. fahr. was used and the room was heated to only 60 deg. fahr. re quiring 13,300 B.t.u. and three-column 26-in. radiators are selected the radiation would be estimated as follows: Solution.--In Table 25 following down the first column to 5-lb. gage pressure and then over horizontally to 60 deg. fahr. room temperature the conversion factor 0.864 will be found. The heat loss 13,300 X 0.864 (the equivalent, heat loss) =? 11,480 B.t.u. In Table 20 for three-column radiators under the heading 26 in. it will be found that a 13-section radiator will supply 11,242 B.t.u. under standard conditions which is the closest to the amount . required. Therefore a 13-section three-column 26-in. radiator . will be required. 32 Rated T otal American Society of Heating and- Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' z o' 1 B .t.u . per hr. , to oeMo rr--- cm**o.'o CsMo fto- troo OO CO CM CM ro to Tf O0 CM f- ro OO lrTOo* Or*o*'CtCoMOCtNoMrtH OO^1 00 T* t^oO'rtot-*toao ttoo ioo>oO)0 to to i O CM ro to to to to OO O' --CM CCMM to' to r** to r- oo O CM CM CM CM to Surface SQ. f t . . 7309 7752 8193 8635 . 9080 2 6 .6 6 28.33 ' 3 0 .0 0 3 1 .6 6 3 3 .3 3 zo. HHE? lasi >2zaifi <c az g XwdXl sj l5 0Hos 3_*a s| s 1 .uoJ ajoz (75 z n ct z< ago2 26 In . R a te d Surface sq. ft. T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. R a te d Surface sq. ft. 1 .6 6 3 .3 3 5 .0 0 6 .6 6 8 .3 3 T o ta l f B.t.u. [` per hr. 654 1112 1555 1997 2440 Ocm0 CM t-- i eM to CoMo rroo ro cTmf <tJ< to OO CM to i rtoo oo e^M* CO lO t/) to 18.33 2 0 .0 0 2 1 .6 6 2 3 .3 3 2 5 .0 0 10.00 11.66 13.33 1 5 .0 0 1 6 .6 6 ONOfOONN-'fWO r- cm oo to oo cm cm O0 to t-- -- rroo CroO trO*o** OO<O**' ^10 O0Ml^O"t i-nOTj*^l\ONV to'Or*r* cm 'oo O CM ^* OO CM rf 00 CM OO CM CM CM CM ro ro ro ro to ]3 A* s H\\ us) u> g SI a osio: 2*> , 25-3 Jp s! 32 I n . Rated j Surface ' T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. sq. ft. 1 i t--o< CCMM OCMO tOO' OO lCOM >rof COMO O--< ^ t". ttoo to >0 CM Tt to rt--o OO''C--MCCtMMo0CrM0* o to to cm to e-* CM to to to t--'* CM CCMM tCoM to to to i^On'ion CM ro ro ro ro to to O O' M^ ionOto . tooioot^io C--M OO fto- oro to to OTf' fCOM *to OO Tf cm Tt*to-- oor*rTicM O^O r-oh oo .to rcom *--' T o ta l | B.t.u. ; , per hr. H< z CO I-Ssi- ro CM to 31 g C/J " o--oi CM TCMt* tC--M CO CO O' CM to OO -H'Tt* r-T o ro to tO tJ* to to to ' .. .2*o* uo. 2 hu u C/1 . v-i cm ro to' t-`oo" *-< CM CO O' lO H-t--HoHo -lfS. o P to tTojt to 15 20 '2 5 i L eng thI nches 5 10 33 12053 12781 13511 14239 . .14964 B.t.u. per Intermed. Section .7 2 8 7236 7863 8489 ' 9117 9744 626 250 8489 9000 9515 10028 10544 514 257 385 443 243 . 375 .CM oroo- 3 3 fcu & cn 3 "" " End Surface , 394 263 395 . m R esearch L abo r ato r y Sta n d a r d D a t a -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y of H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in e e r s Result of Cooperative W ork W ith U. S. Bureau of Mines Experiment Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. C o pyr ig h t 1921 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide,'1.925-26 T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. 493 246 ,t*)O^00 'NCOHco-0i0OcoOt--' --I y-i cs CS cOsn so OO O' r- cs r-- nfOt CcOS tc--o CfSt rf--t tcos rct--oo treofs* OCr--OO cCcOss 0rc0si/lO'Of'N Ycs-f fy-t> O' co O' cs r- cs r- y-i OO OO O' O' z 0N M^nOoOO Ye-fs-fftY-HoYo-f cs CS*5t00 * CS*$* NO OO CS CS CS CS CO co co fO co 5 R a te d Surface sq. ft. S*i .9 ^ *I 2* LDJOS) 6. H z <> Q C<d w 06 a ws ' z* n w o H< z to ' 32 n . .I 23 n .I T o ta l B .t.u ; per hr. R a te d Surface sq. ft. T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. 10567 11467 12367 13266 14164 225 396 Rated Surface sq. ft. T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. 1237 2121 2903 3675 4452 Rated Surface sq. ft. 1 6 .0 0 18.66 2 1 .3 3 2 4 .0 0 2 6 .6 6 2 9 .3 3 3 2 .0 0 3 4 .6 6 3 7 .3 3 4 0 .0 0 T o ta l B.t.u, . per hr. Rated Surface sq. ft. 2 .3 3 4 .6 6 7 .0 0 9 .3 3 1 1 .6 6 T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. 967 1520 2093 2666 3239 3 6 .6 6 4 0 .0 0 4 3 .3 3 4 6 .6 6 5 0 .0 0 5 3 .3 3 5 6 .6 6 6 0 .0 0 6 3 .3 3 6 6 .6 6 233 400 9464 10032 10601 11167 11736 O'OWO'H OlH^YlOO OO ro O' to 0 oftoyc-h^OOOOftrONn no cs r- CO OO r- r- oo oo 1 4 .0 0 16.33 1 8 .6 6 2 1 .0 0 2 3 .3 3 NO O CcoO NO O to 00 cs to cs cs CO CO co CcoO NOO cCoO 33 rCO O' co cs ft ->*< ft nft" WOOfONOfWl^Oi-OOHONO -f CS CO CO - O' O O r-- cs 00 cs <0 O' co C^S^OIO' O*- OnOO CS Os co O y--i N'OO COY--S1' OYc--o' rtCo-S cCsO 7471 8109 8746 9383 10020 'DfoO'Ofo c*)5 MIOOOOW 'nOCcoOO'OOCcOo cs to 00 CO ft ft ft to.to OcCsS CO0S3"Of0O- Octoo' Ce<O0s toyi'ONoo cs 00 cs no -Of' OOS0 'O ^-- cCsS rO-O ft ocoo Y-f CO cOs' rC-O t^o ctoo V nCO'O O fcoo 'oO yH co. O CO O CO NO O CO O CO O CO cs cs es co co .oo*ot^cro-ct^s re-s --V<lNCSjIcfoOfNt 't-ol chs't0cY3s.'O0O0' 'ntO--o'0O0 'O 'O r-- OO O' CS O' OO S 0 so to to to O' 00 r-- 0 to to r- 00 ft 00 cs Y-f y-- es rcfsocOs CcoSCOO O^ f4t^OO^C1S N0O 0 ft OO CS 3 r- r-- 00 18143 19227 20311 21394 22478 NiOOiCJiO O' r-- to ft cs OO O' CS CS ^ V) O do 03rV- tfot rC-OoC0O O03* toY-t r- cs ft* c cs y-i O' r-- to r- 00 00 O' (SW^tOl- ootooo t-mH?S(S co o CO O' to ^ to to to to t-- to r-- O to to OO OO O' O' 638 565 240 242 378 1 to ft CO ft . " End Surface, B.t.u. per Intermed. Section 1083 " " Sq. F t. " " I 217 R a te d Surface sq. ft. ' No. .OF Se c tio n s y-h es co ft to 'Or-00 O' Y-f cs co ft to Y-I t-- -f 00 -f O' Y-f CS " " 5 10 15" 20 25 , eIL ngth nches 30 35 ft ftot 34. ' 1 696 006 | `American Society 0/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 B .t.u. I Per hr. . 22 In .. z 00 . O 9 <2 . *- z2 P a a &5 H s5js ft 53* z 2p 0n4 <t/)w 2 0 n .I 1 1J 1 1, . 1 TB .ott.au l. R ated T o ta l R ated T o ta l 1 R ated T o ta l S urface B .t.u. 1 per hr. sq. ft. per hr. S urface sq. ft. B .t.u. 1 per hr. 1 S urface | eq. ft. 3 .7 5 1 1372 8863 9398 9931 10464 10989 236 00 -- -- r-- co 0 0 cs 00 O' Y-H ^ CS CO 3553 4084 4615 5146 5679 cs co co co -f ft r-- co CS t-- CS OO co ''Or* f-00 13.50 15.75 1 8 .0 0 2 0 .2 5 2 2 .5 0 to to to es to r-- cs CS ft 3 O' Y-< OO 'O 3 Tt co ^ O' r-- to -- OO ft --1 00 Y-l Y-H CS CO CO cs -< > co CO Y-f O' N ft to CS OO to cs ft to to 0 r-- r-- co 3 cs co es 00 O ft O' 3 cs O' * r- co O' O' 2 4 .7 5 2 7 .0 0 2 9 .2 5 3 1 .5 0 3 3 .7 5 3 6 .0 0 3 8 .2 5 4 0 .5 0 4 2 .7 5 4 5 .0 0 679 I co to 226 11323 12000 12679 13361 14040 i 1 CO * O' CS to 00 Y-f ft r- -CO > o> cs to ^f cs cs cs co co co co ft 00-y#|-Q ft to tO to 13710 14531 15353 16174 . 16995 822 219 9595 10418 11242 12065 12889 4661 3840 3017 2195 o 00 00 cs o coocstot-- 10 r- r- co 4 1 .2 5 4 5 .0 0 4 8 .7 5 5 2 .5 0 5 6 .2 5 1 8 .7 5 1 5 .0 0 11.25 7 .5 0 to to to cs r- to cs > cor es cs co co co lO lO o ft ft 3 co r- ft 'y-* 'C0S 'co '0i00 CS Y-f co Y-f -f 00 to es O' lO ft ft ft Cy^ NO t-- 00 O' CO r-- cs O es O' r-- ft co CO cs cs cs .-I es co ft to to to to ft O' CO OO cs Y-fY-.CS to to r- --c v q to c*- co co ft to to to 03ft00cor-- ft >o to \ to to CS Y-f to r- r- 00 00 O' 16207 17174 18144 19118 20088 215 6 0 .0 0 6 3 .7 5 6 7 .5 0 7 1 .2 5 7 5 .0 0 *-- CO sq. ft. R ated S urface 1 17760 18817 19872 20936 | 21990 1057 *" 2a?5 UsI Z 00 2 * <w ^- co X 1 ou <Jo- g-8 =2 iS Z to ' T o ta l I R ated ! T o ta l S urface B .t.u. per hr. sq. ft. per hr. 12473 13530 14587 15645 16703 7185 8243 9300 10358 11415 OO to CO OO O' to r-- cs OO O' O O Y-- f-t CS to N CS to 10 to Y-.Y-.CNfS to to CO CO ^ ft to to to to o 3 r-- r-- to to 0 co 00 O' O' f-0\rft 00 cs to O' cs ft r- O' ^f CS co ft to t-- 8435 9677 10915 12155 13392 CS CS co ft CO <0 r-- iff to > 00 Y-f co o ft to r-- OO O' es 00 ft coftr-- co co to e-- CS CO ft to cs cs cs cs cs S CS 00 ft 0 Y-f Y-f CS CO N CS CO ft CO ft ft 10 V CS 00 ft t-- r- 00 o> CS OO ft O O' O O Y-f cs ft CO B.t.u. per Intermed. Section 1 1239 i- . " " Sq. Ft. " . " 206 S urface 1 B .t.u . sq. ft. R ated N o ."I OP Sectio ns .1 50 L ength nches Y-f es co ft to >r- 00 O' -- CS PO ft to r- 00 O' ^f Y-Y Y-f Y-f cs . .5 10 45 35 ' 40 30 to Yf CS cs- 35 ." " EndSurface 380 366 380 390 Research L abo r ato r y Sta n d a r d D a ta -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y op H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in e e r s R esult o f C ooperative W o rk W ith U . S. Bureau o f M ines E xperim ent S ta tio n , P ittsb u rg h , Pa. . ' Co p y r ig h t 1921 American' Society of Heating and Ve ntilating/Eng. ineers Gu' ide, 1925-26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 5 tO T* TP .l-ohoOo csr> cs r-- r oo R esearch L aboratory Stan d ar d D a ta -- A m e r ic a n So c ie ty op H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E ng ineers R esult o f Cooperative W o rk W ith U . S. Bureau o f M ines Experim ent S tation, P ittsburgh, Pa. C o p y rig ht 1921 . 2S ** P8 S U g S H^ 2 t(No c<* Q > ws ^. bJ a-StO (M w W IL e n g t h nches No. OF Sectio ns i I1 4 5 n . R a te d Surface sq. It. ' Total B.t.u. per hr. I38 n . Rated T o ta l Surface B .t.u . ' sq. ft. per hr. rt< oo c^s Y-H OCS o c --i m >0 -- f^CSt-' -h co in so ioomOio *-- --< CS CS CS PO to Ot>oOOO cs tJ< co cs CS CS cO CO ^ IO to OO CO to cs r-- cs co co tr---woo OOffcso Oco 18 coo O ^ 24 o ^ o o 30 ttoo to r-- tt-o-- cs co tj* to t*- oo v h cs 13487 36 14640 15789 42 16940 18090 to to ooooo'' oo }* . o 19248 20400 21551 22705 23850 B.t.u. per Intermed. Section " " Sq. Ft. " " " " " End Surface 1152 230 . 393; t co cs r** oo Tf OO CS O Q 6439 7400 8362 9324 10284 16045 17007 17971 18932 19888 960 Oo cs csCT>oOOCOSO' O C--S CCSS CO T}< to OCSONVCKOSOOQO o lO to to Tf ^cscq^io 32 IN. Rated Surface sq. ft. 3 .3 3 6.66 10.00 1 3 .3 3 1 6 .6 6 20.00 2 3 .3 3 2 6 .6 6 3 0 .0 0 3 3 .3 3 3 6 .6 6 4 0 .0 0 4 3 .3 3 4 6 .6 6 5 0 .0 0 5 3 .3 3 5 6 .6 6 6 0 .0 0 6 3 .3 3 66.66 ioni tOo rc-o*--n< --1 CS r'l tJ* T o ta l B.t.u. per hr. 9684 10512 11341 12169 13000 829 418 CS oto CS On oo -rj* cs cs to oo --< ocoot*o cor~-- co O' to OOCtCSiA tiOo Oror-COOOoOO 'OMO'OfO 'OPOO'OfO es m oo o co Rated Surface sq. ft. . 16.00 1 8 .6 6 2 1 .3 3 . 2 4 .0 0 2 6 .6 6 T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. 1128 1812 2498 3179 3864 COO'OCOO fOO'OcOO O' CS r* t-- CS CO CO CO co CO CO CO CrSf to CTOt* to ctoo 11378 12062 12744 13425 14111 683 256 423 'OOO'OO NOO OtoctooOO' Nccaoo C-- OO ro Q CS CS ^ Q OO tTOjC'iOSpui'VOOCSf' I23 n . I. 20 n . R a te d Ssuqr.faf ct .e T o ta l B .t.u . per hr. \R ated 1 T o ta l Surface B .t.u . sq. ft. 1 per hr. CS tT so oo O 2 .3 3 4 .6 6 7 .0 0 9 .3 3 11.66 998 1606 2213 2821 3429 ' 861 1391 1921 2448 2979 M_ ^Kp^OOCOS 1 4 .0 0 1 6 .3 3 1 8 .6 6 . 21.00 ' 2 3 .3 3 4036 4644 5251 5859 6468 3509 4038 4568 5099 5626 cs tI* 'O oo O CS CS CS CS CO tffOOOO C*-- Ooo Ocs' OCO' tOo t'l^oocoO' OcoQ 'OOfO'OO tCoS 0C0S OCO CCOS tCoO cs t* oo CO *0 CO CO V 3 7 .3 3 3 9 .6 6 4 2 .0 0 4 4 .3 3 4 6 .6 6 10114 10722 11327 11935 12544 608 428 8803 9333 9864 10393 10920 530 265 430 37 (>. . American Society 0/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 3o ^^t. Hffl i'-Oo(ONot''ftoO'OoOOor' ^OCS'3"0 SoO-n^oioSr*---oO^>i Nc*OC-mSotShNoOOCin*N} 2 S 00 3 2 N(N(SMf3 | w^o 23 H-g J.tJ Hfls c* > g2 < Oz c g6 gw < ft. OS o H <| < *4 j 3 & iz H < 3 SS2 os's <- uM S -u <cn i=> H _C 03 Q U H g< *o N 4* (/J.5 ..s w H < W E u a<<~o W- s3 uS 5* 03 3 *t -< r- rs O CM CM CO CO N^'OWO sO CO Os ^ O Tl,lOVO'C (N't'OCOO ssss NNtNC'NOONO^O 00 rj< O' CM OO o>aoo" CM * i"- O' --< co co co co i,s? OC3 *3* x4. ifliOiO>0 v OOWOpOo-o<o*.0 so CM MS OiMsfOO CO-^OmDCN io oo *-h co o -- -H CM CM CM 00 O' O' O' O' CO tC O s CM ooh^'oO' ^OOOlON OO-^IN Os o *- t-- ro 't-f*' C-te< r- tOT' ctom 'Or-ooO'O -- CM CO o. 38 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Total . B.t.u. per hr. 1082 1762 2441 3119 3798 226 361 rtT---.f-stVo.Oe)lrs/ooC)>iOsOO'rOBNf' Mt0h--0fO04ll00NNCOOMC' OOOO'' OOooi C--S'OMO Ot^?N' 'C4OOM0 CTCOOOf OOtoS tsO--Os Rated . Surface . 8Q<ft. 'Td z. o ' eo ' co O O' CM 40 Ao-oH aC-M4 CM *CM oCO CCOO SCOO OCO' C^M I^O 00 io >4<0 Co- Q, Total B.t.u. per hr. 5450 6274 7098 7921 8745 9570 . 10395 11217 12038 12864 13686 14510 15336 16160 16988 lozfc OS JA Ui < lx s 04r4 td C *, >5 V |B-si - <" ' is 5B S'g' sg '-z! g" H>M= --58e<0Cr sc,. IB Og 53S 3? Hffl O <ui J Rated Surface sq. ft. 3.75 7.50 11.25 15.00 ' 18.75 fCcO-sOVC'0-MH>C01OM^.'2<?000C2'^ON' olOCtoMON*TWi ) lCOM OOtV**lO40 LCOMNCMOCMOCOWCOhfO* ^^4^0C4O C0M 1O0 60.00 63.75 67.50 71.25 75.00 . 1056 . $5 S* <O s td Mi w .a z < 4 o sg us- 3 3 : > ; 3 s. . .s l 3| td W 5 S3 - SS- 52 Rated Surface sq..ft. ` 6 12 18 24. .30 36 . 42 48 54' 60 B.t.u. per Intermediate i " Sq. F t. " Total B.t.u. per hr. 6987 8043 9098 10152 11210 1708 2761 3816 4872 5930 tsCCoOMM OCCCMOO CoC*4--Oo* 4co0 40 oOsRO$*l "lr^OC- iOO_eOOsossO'oOO' C--OOrM^ OrCt---M CM : ioO~4i_otCOM.<CMfl OCOiOo OiOOo lIOOQO4'O0 ON4f0' SSSS8 c .2 oo> 13 **-< CM co ^ so O N CO O' o --HH Cr*M t+O+ S-H 40 'Or^oOOsCOM 0<J) u33. *co U 3 3 . 3' 3 39 342. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 T h e se co n ve rsio n fa c to rs m u ltip lie d b y th e h e a t loss fro m a n y ra d ia to r, o p e ra tin g u n d e r th e in d ic a te d c o n d itio n s , g iv e th e h e a t lpss b y th e sam e ra d ia to r o p e ra tin g a t 215 deg. fa h r. in a ro o m a t 70 deg. fa h r. I 50 deg. fahr. j Co p y r ig h t 1921 .Result of C ooperative W o rk W ith U . S. Bureau.of M ines E xperim ent S ta tio n , P ittsb u rg h , Pa. R esear c h L a b o r a t o r y St a n d a r d D a t a -- A m e r ic a n So c ie t y o f H e a t in g a n d V e n t il a t in g E n g in e e r s 60 deg. fahr. 65 deg. fahr. e m p e r a tu r e o f R oom in d eg . f a h r .T 1 .5 7 2 1 .4 1 2 1.285 1.175 1.081 0 .9 9 9 ->>0 1 \n m I 0.00 m oooooooooooor^t^ oooooodo ft'cJiViOOc'-OHlrint'QO MOfONc<0 <Trf)--irl)Or-o'NO'MO*'rl-'oHoP--> \\oooooooooor^ OOOOOOOO 1.095 1.195 1.311 , 1.451 1.621 1.828 t-->I'c4NN-OINOlMO'OpPf^O-- ''''00000000 dddddddo 1 .1 3 5 . 1.239 ' - 1.364. 1.517 1.701 1.934 OOOtMP^-tN'O'DNDOf*}0''''00oooo --dddddod fiGcjOlf'lOMlOONONb' O W3 ** CM "M CS -- -1 --* 'O't'OlMfcm NOOQtM'im'*5'IH'0000 1000 -cndddddd 0 .9 8 2 1 .0 0 4 1.030 0000 C00h .OO' O00O ro* sMo m-h 00 <5 ro CM 1 --> 1-- --* I-- V-M 70 deg. fahr. 75 deg. fahr. . 0.875 0 .9 4 3 0 .9 0 7 ' 0.964 ... 1.064 1 T emp. OF 1 St e a m in | DBG. FAHR. { 80 deg. fa h r. ssssss HncHiHHN U--4 IC--DNCNNllOM1CNS4COC4i5OC4COON^ ' f- r^. i /> *n fo xn *-- 1 -- ^oooo\'ooooo\ lO'OfsOO^OM'j' Lb. A b s o lu te P ressure Vacuum In. Hg. Mj {M. fS} CO *- `O mo-Hi'o--n1 oo'O te ^csro^vioooo do Ju 1 40 .. T a b l e 2 6 . H e a t E m is s io n o f D ir e c t C a s t r o n R a d ia t io n f o r H o t W a t e r -- S in g l e C o l u m n ' R a d ia t o r sI M a n Wat TetnjxratuTi al 170 A c . fa h r,|' '* , Room T e m y m lm t a lio &iq . fahr.____________ __ . American Society 0/ Heating and .Ventilating Engineers Guide,1925-26 gS2SS 8S2SS 82228 gSSSS o >.00. SSo'SS IssasR S33RS 333S2 sssgg 2IS25 li~ lsls Mmm CMNCHOtO V) IS) 35 O 9 8^ Sis- IQviOYl QOO<oO WOHO*) 0>s>*00 o;g22 sdsisa 33533 >oooo 2222 nmoo 23SS2 O &-oa L.OC | onM>>'nNoOhnNmolsoSo 5---- eo^ooooooeo; -- CM rM CM 0> Nq5l'*oO2 O<oiM*oVq) cC*0mO0cxm*--00--55 ^ 0 i/> *s> > OSSOSMShS- 2IS) 2OOSCM 3-O2 Srs> SS- --SIgS) gCO 8NO88OSC.8t. m m m CM (SMrUN)? O iO.e.r. S8888 8S38S S8SS8 S58S! <3J^. 2=222 22=33 sfsss; COIAQCOIQ QCIOOC] OOCIOO "lOQNlO n)cji*) o>4>8o o>4o5 ^i * Oi -- m iMf >M OO m --CM <C*M) I(SN) COOMOCNMlCIS)) C-. . CM --NS 2 3.*>0,o*o 22882 --eo --v>co 22882 *22252 28882 2S_. ... X S5 & IX 2 R > IS) to IS) QOOOQ OOOQO QOOOO I. ^ u'O) 90>0M---1- -C-<'OH--hCO-M-'->OO-MI--.'MIS01)--Oe-i-CI)-S-i)OI-INS-)-l-m>.o>5iICO0i- (OI.*)(^i.s()0.r0-<.CCm-M-C-. s'<31 >COO CM V 00 N*Y3 00Q 228S3 83388 38838 8388 :22 22SS3S RSSSRS 33333 3 =s5q: slSIi DNtiDs>V><isai OOisQ>lCis>IM> IOOON'O*)O'O'' -- V)OiC) IAIO O O0Q1C.M1.001` SYOCOMI0C0O> 50O0 0'cCm m m cm cm OOc'o 0IS'))O>>0iDOvQO OOss')i' O9*M >QIsoM)cISV.)cioI^sO,o<IoS.) oiOes)oOoISoO)>i--Mso) >oi>p0o>Mos) Q C) IS) omoioo YiOmOvi O IS) IS) O .o-- c--m "mb M CM CM CM M2CCIrO!1c2^ 2^5* **838 83883 88388 38838 *222 83833 33323 3333* 33pj QSQ8O2O2Q1 2QSO2OSOSQ O35OSO2OSQS OSOSQgSOSO "i m cm cm cni^J ^ >o wtoc r~ oo oo O' O' Ois) QyiQpOCMOCM MQQOOCQOISC). CO- Q OIS) O-wO o^ oCMomemc< O m i-- CCMM 0CM0 ^c) 0N*>0>V)-fm.i9 'OO'cISc)O"OCO. OCO' o>i in ---- -- cC ifi-o 8^ 1'CO'NMVM) GM0N<CaMNOOn "MIPCOOi*iNV) -0"S0' I--S) IS) IrS~) Q OCMMm<0C0M ^CMOCMCNJtCQ)^ if^tVO)NV)eQ<OM>>0t.NlNt00 e Si*. at -O ^tacS" O is) O is) O is) O s> O *0 Q is) Q is) is> is) is: inms) miO 5N35O"O)'M-- CoVMfl^ISis) )Wf)McS-CCaO- 0Q50-^Ot.ioOi.oM-- nO--iiSCOM qmS n--^oe-So' > M IMS) cm IS) cm Qr?5 'rno O9 '*h*O>s> IvS))3>ISo) osnIS) Qnowo)Spiof)op g6 * <g -- CMc*>*>is) N0SO<e m (N C) M* IS) h00 O *s) O IS) O ) O 9N0 mM>)m>v) 00 O' C 2 28 8SS S2-8 41 s' 1925-26American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, E-B 6" IlOIOi--InOo--OO0O--<t o O'O'O Cv, Cv, ft) --90^t v0^pt 0o0*o9-- 99 OOnOO'OiO'qO5'Onot" SOot * toc-, oo O ^. tv. CtoV. 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H e a t E m i s s i o n o f D i r e c t C a s t r o n R a d i a t i o n f o r H o t W a t e r H o s p i t a l R a d ia t o r s -- w o - C o l u m nTI Mean Water Temperature at 170 deg, f a h r ., -Room Temperature a t 70 deg, fa hr. 1 T o ta l B .t.u . per Hr. SR . OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO SS^ SSS. Mv, (,OtdP> 9 ? 000-"'00<05<rvv* SB e Sis:,, r,ti"eooO--N--<--Oa--oOCvNfM^C'O^CWVOttHN41^co^o Sis sss s 5 =?*ei S2o--ctvf ,ctoo c>^o1 'oO'oOC'iO^'ocOco'OoO,' Orovot--vtprcvvo, tffo-.pvr,.f mr'Ov r'Oovitv'-f.coi^oocroo, Hcri __ _ _ cv (v, ^t .p* 'O O rv t-. t- oo z. sis: |^>'0o0'0 9-oo 'OO>o0O 'o'>e I'ie" N f tv o -- ^eo.q cq O cj, Ktci <0 S3 S 3 o oCoO 3.75 7.50 11.25 15.00 18.75 22.50 26.25 30.00 33.75 37.50 41.25 45.00 48.75 52.50 56.25 60.00 63.75 67.50 71.25 75.00 , 1 1 1 | , 1 I ! Haa oo O Q vt^p 0--"PO OO' o j^o^ o p, Jo-- --5 ** C?^ V!P O>Oo -CM ccv, ~S c *= '00M ''O MOOMO so O N3 CM 00 >0 >0 >0 . 00'0 r, oo 'OoojjjNjjvq O' jjj O q, ec o 1125 1825 2520 3220 3915 4610 . 5310 6005 6700 1 7400 r. 9-- -- 0fv, C4 tr V 0O O c~v Cv 080S0090>o9 , 1 8095 8800 ! . 1 9495 10190 10885 1 1 I !- 11580 12280 12975 13670 14365 1 1 1 I 1 1 i I 1 1 1 2 ^*03 Hfli SM Cv^*---iOc-.--tcQv9-,* O Oc-v^,rvPv1..C&V<IO^oo OO'OOQ''O9.r^o-1eoeQ3o N--0fv'M0Nr~O--^ Z <5 o 3 O 'O '' >o VO *= .00 '00'0 O(NC>N0 Mo '0??^'0to 0<09'0*0 z --9-- 0C4P4 90vp.Ou-> idJ9'O0t'lv s0ooo9S^O9 2iXai &ta P--^C-----vC0Vtf|>'OfOs'O0-" O^0o^0o04O--.'COOv' CVrvP-^QO3'O0 W3O0'Oi'0OO'' O C--4 9Co--vo-O<v> v--p* Z 30 la-sir-> tfOO--M--'OCO4 C4 OCO4 tv, 'O * '^PM^CN'OOO T3p'iCoorvCpv, v'O.q5 QCft . z p. cv. -- O--', 0C04 <v, '0p'O lON ccvv. CvOr O--'9e>o O fv, --o> C<Vo, V0P 3 oO-- Vcov,No0fvO0, onO'oC 0O--O900N0<0oS0tvO- 03--V0 OO2OkOO39N'^0O0----St--0p. CO^v,tO9pC.0cp*Co0VPO*if?. z iIb 11/ ""oaoj -- -- cv, fv, ^ Tp> 90t^f~ 30 30 eZ O' 0 as 2 k Is! * -- C4 tji ONCOOlO -- cv, ^1 P>C0O rh Rx {Z BO V* p, OOJJJ 5`5 z O' O'CCtt'Ott 43 1880 3595 5310 7025 8740 1C455 12170 13885 15600 17315 19030 20745 22460 24175 25890 27605 29320 31035 32750 34465 1475 I 2825 4175 5525 1 6875 1 8225 1 9575 | 10925 12275 13625 14975 16325 17675 19025 20375 21725 23075 24425 25775 27125 1095 2115 3140 4160 5185 6210 7235 8260 9280 \ 10305 11325 12350 13370 14x395 15415 16440 17460 18485 19505 20540 . American Society of Heating, and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 29. Heat Emission of Direct Pipe Coil Radiation for Steam Steam Temperature at 240 deg. fahr.--Pressure 10 lb. per sq. in.--Room Temperature at 00 deg. fahr. WALL COILS--Coils Placed Vertical--Pipes Horizontal B.t.u. per Lineal Ft. of Coil per Hour. (Not Lineal Ft. of Pipe.) Size of Coil Single Row. .............................. ...... Two. ......................................... ...... Four.............................................. ...... Six.................................................. ...... Eight............................................ ............ Ten................................................ ....... Twelve................ ;.............................. l' 175 335 584 752 864 970 1075 IK' 215 ' 413 724 930 1064 1200 1330 IX' 245 462 816 1050 1200 1350 1500 WALL COILS--Coils Placed Vertical--Pipes Vertical Emission varies in inverse rati6 of the height of the coil. Use 133 B.t.u. per lineal ft. of pipe as an average for IK in. coil, 10 ft. high. ' ' CEILING COILS--Coils Placed Horizontal--Pipes Horizontal Emission is equal to that of a single row coil. . Allowance must bemade however,if the coil is at the ceiling in a higher temperature. In this case use 167 B.t.u. per lineal ft. of pipe for 1 in. coils. 206 " u " " " " 8 \M in. coils. 231 " " " " " " " IK in. coils. Note.--This Table has been developed by a method of deduction from the available data on such experimental work on pipe coils as has been recorded, and does not represent definite results of tests as in Tables 17 to 30. The values are therefore approximate only but can be used with assurance that they are more accurate than those obtained by the usual method for calculating pipe coil surface. Table 30. Heat Emission of Direct Pipe Coil Radiation for Hot-Water Water Temperature at 180 deg. fahr. Room Temperature at 60 deg. fahr. WALL COILS--Coils Placed Vertical--Pipes Horizontal B.t.u. per Lineal Ft. of Coil per Hour. (Not Lineal Ft. of Pipe. ) Size of Coil Single Row...... ......................... ....... Two.... ......................................... ....... Four............................................. ........ Six................................................. ....... Eight. ........................................ ........ Ten................................. ;............ ........ Twelve........................................ ..... l' 105 198 352 456 520 583 \ 645 IK' 131 248 432 558 640 720 800 IK' 147 276 488 630 720 810 . 900 WALL COILS--Coils Placed Vertical--Pipes Vertical ; Emission varies in inverse ratio to the height of coil. Use 80 B.t.u. per lineal ft. of pipe as an average for 1K in. Coil 10 ft. high. CEILING COILS--Coils Placed Horizontal--Pipes Horizontal Emission is equal to that of a single row. coil. . Allowance must be made however, if the coil is at the ceiling where the temperature is higher. In this case use 100 B.t.u. per lineal ft. of pipe for 1 in. coils. 125 " u IK in. coils. 138 " " " " " " " IK in. coils. Note.' Sec note under Ceiling Coils for Steam. 44 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' ...... RADIATION FOR ROOM TEMPERATURES The following table from the Establishment of Standard Methods of Proportioning Direct Radiation, by James A. Donnelly'(Transactions, Vdl. 21, p- 535) gives the proportionate heat losses from buildings, the proportionate transmission from direct radiators, and the proportionate radiation required (with steam at 210 deg.) for various room temper-' atures, when the outside temperature is zero: Table 31. Effect of Room Temperature on Heat Loss and Size of Radiator Room Temperature Proportionate Loss in B.t.u. Difference in Temperature Between Radia tor and Room Proportionate Transmission IN B.T.U. Room Temperature Proportionate Surface Required Sq. Ft. 35 40 45 50 55 - 60 65 70f 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 0.50 0.57 0.64 0.71 0.79 0.86 0.93 l.OOf .1.07 1.14 1.21 1.29 1.36 1.43 1.50 1.57 1.64 1.71 175 170 165 160 155 150 145 140f 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 1.34 1.29 1.24 1.19 1.14 1.09 1.05 l.OOf 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.58 . . 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70f 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 - 0.37 0.44 0.52 0.60 0.69 0.78 0.89 l.OOf 1.12 1.26 1.40 1.56 1.74 1.93 2.15 2.39 2.66 2.95 t Standard Conditions. Assuming' that the rate of heat loss from a building varies directly with the difference be tween the outside temperature and the building temperature. and considering the heat,loss for zero outside, 70 deg. inside as the standard, or 100 per cent; the second column shows the proportionate loss of heat from a'building when the outside' temperature is zero, and the inside temperature is as given in the first column. ;' Assuming that the rate of transmission from a direct radi ator to the air of a building is in proportion to their difference in temperature, with a variation in the rate of transmission of 2 per cent, greater or less, for each 10 deg. increase or decrease in their temperature difference, and considering 140 deg. differ ence in temperature (steam 210 deg., building 70 deg.) as standard, or 100 per cent trans mission, the second, column shows the proportionate trans mission when the difference.in . temperature, is as given in the , first column.' - ' - '' Assuming-that under stand ard conditions of outside tem perature zero, building tempera ture 70 deg., and radiator tem. perature 2.10 deg. (or 140 deg. difference between the radiator and room) the amount of radia' tion necessary is 100 per cent, the proportionate amounts of radiation given in the second column are those .necessary to heat a building to the tempera tures given in the first column, when the outside temperature is zero. ' * Note.--The amount of surface required for heating fa always obtained by dividing the heat loss from the building by the amount of heat Uansmitted per square foot of radiation. Therefore, as may be seen from the above tables, the proportionate'amount of surface required for heating is obtained by dividing the proportionate heat loss from the building by the proportionate transmission of the radiator, in each case. ' The preceding table may be used to find the proportionate amount of radiation necessary , to heat a room to any desired.-inside temperature, other than 70 deg., when the outside-minimum temperature is other than zero, and with "a radiator temperature other than standard.: Find the difference between the outside temperature and the room temperature in the.first column; divide the proportionate heat loss opposite this amount, American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 in the second column, by the proportionate transmission opposite the difference in temperature between the radiator and the room, as given in the fourth column, and the result will be the proportionate amount of radiation required. . Example.--What is the proportionate amount of radiation required to heat a room to 90 deg., with a temperature of 20 deg, below zero outside, and a steam temperature of 240 deg. - Solution.--The difference in temperature between 20. deg. below . outside, and 90 deg. inside, is 110 deg. Opposite 110, the propor tionate heat loss or 1.37 is found in the second column. The difference in temperature between the radiator and the room (steam 240 deg., room 90 deg.) is 150 deg. Opposite .this, the proportionate transmission 1.09 is found in the fourth column. Divide 1.57 by 1.09 and the quotient, 1.44 is the proportionate amount of radiation required. ... American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ~ EFFECT OF AIR CIRCULATION The amount of heat given off by a radiator may also be increased by increasing the velocity of the air over the surface of the radiator. This increase in velocity will increase the amount of heat carried off by convection. No exact data are available on the effects that may be introduced by increasing these velocities over radiator surfaces, but in rooms with moving machinery the heat transmission is increased approximately 10 per cent. WARMING THE RADIATOR It is often very important to know the maximum condensation that occurs in a radiator when steam is turned on. Fig. 9 shows the condensation rate in pounds per hour for the time elapsing after steam is turned into the radiator. It will be noticed that the maximum condensation occurs 10 min. after steam is turned on, and in that Fig. 8. Effect of Humidity on Heat Transmission The late John R. Allen,.while Director of the Society's Research Laboratory, submitted a paper as a report (A. S. H. V. E. Journal, January, 1920), which in addition to the treatise on the heat emitted by various types of radiation, from which the preceding tables were calcu lated gives other data from which the following is taken. EFFECT OF HUMIDITY Fig. 8 shows the effect of increasing the humidity upon the heat transmission. It will be noted that with extreme change of humidity there is a slight change in the heat transmission, the heat transmission reducing slightly as the humidity increases. Humid ity can have very little, if any effect upon radiation, and the effect of humidity must therefore change the converted heat lost by the radiator. This change of convected heat is probably due to the change in the density of the air passing over the radiator. 46 ' case it amounts to about three and one-half times normal condensation. After the end of 25 min., the radiator had reached a normal rate of condensation. This curve was made from observations at intervals of 10 min. so that the intermediate points between the 10 min. points are not known, and the form of the curve is not exact. It shows, however, that in starting a plant, the demand made upon the boiler may be very much higher than the normal demand. EFFECT OF PAINTING The effect of painting was originally determined by experiments made with a cast iron rectangle; and in applying these to radiators of standard type, corrections must be made to allow for the difference between the area of the radiating and converting surfaces. The effect of painting is to change the radiation constant of the radiating surface and has practically no effect upon the heat lost by convection. It is, therefore, a surface effect and it makes no difference what paints are placed on the radiator as a priming coat, the results are always dependent upon the last coat of paint put upon the radiator. In radiators having a large proportion of radiating surface such as pipe coils or wall coils, the effect of painting will be more marked than in four-column radiators having a comparatively small radiating surface in proportion to converting surface. All'finely ground materials have about the same radiation constant. Therefore all . paints having finely ground pigments will give about the same effect. Metals have a poor radiating effect so that any paint involving Bake metal, such as the bronze,- will have a low radiating constant. The following Table 32 shows the heat loss from a two-column 38-in. radiator, 10 sections long, when painted with different kinds of paints: 47 . ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 32. Effect of Painting on Two-Column 38-In. Radiator, Steam Tempera ture 215 Deg., Room Temperature 70 Deg. Fahr. Condition of Surface Per Cent Condition of Surface Per Cent Cast iron bare............................................ 240 Painted with white enamel.............. 242 Painted with aluminum bronze........... 200 " " maroon Japan__ ;...... 240 " " gold bronze.--................ 205 " " white zinc paint.____ 242 Painted with no-lustre green enamel 230 . EFFECT OF ENCLOSING THE RADIATOR . . It is very often desirable to partly enclose or conceal a radiator by means of screens or grills. All such enclosures in general reduce the heat transmission from the radiator, the effect being both to reduce the radiant heat and the -convected heat. As in most radiators, the convected heat is at least two-thirds of the heat transmission, these enclos ures or screens largely affect the convected heat. It is therefore very desirable that the current of air passing over and through the radiator should be restricted as little as possible. There has been some experimental work done, particularly abroad, with reference to these screens. There are, however, so many different cases that may arise* that it will not be possible to discuss all of them but only to take up typical ones. * Case No. 1.--In this case, Fig. 10, the radiator is enclosed in a box with a screen in front and at the bottom, and a screen at the top, these screens extending the full length of the radiator. This arrangement reduces the heat transmission of the radiator from 7 to 10 per cent and in all cases, the spaces between the radiator and the wall and the spaces between the casing and the radiator should be at least 2J6 in. The reduction of heat transmission will be more in narrow radiators than in wide radiators. Experiments show that the best results are obtained when the opening at the top has twice the width of the opening at the bottom, and for radiators of ordinary type the width of opening at the bottom should be 5 in. and the opening at the top, 10 in. '. Case No. 2.--It is sometimes desirable to place a screen in front of the radiator, leav ing the top entirely open with an opening at the bottom in front for the cold air to entertheradiator.asin Fig. 11. In a case oi this kind the effect of the screen'is to produce a strong current of air and if this screen is high enough it may even produce a chimney effect which will increase heat transmission from the radiator due to increased circula tion. The effect of such screens depends entirely upon their height. Professor Brabbee states that, with a screen 72 in. high and a 49-in. radiator, the heat transmission will be increased 12 per cent. Case No. S.--Radiators often have placed over them a flat shelf, as shown in Fig. 12. In such case, they should be provided with a deflector as shown. The effect of the shelf very largely depends upon the height of the shelf above the radiator. When the dis tance D--that is the height of the shelf above the radiator--is 5 in. or over, the effect of the shelf may be neglected. When the distance Z? is reduced to 4 in., the heat effect may be reduced by 4 per cent; Case No. 4---Radiators are often enclosed in boxes with a grill in front or recessed in the wall with a grill placed in front of them as in Fig. 13. In such cases, the height,.!?, is very important. With D equal to 2J^ in., the heat transmission will bi reduced 20 per cent, and with D equal to 6 in., the heat transmission is reduced 10 per cent. It is assumed in this case that the entire front of tlie box is provided with an opeh grill. Case No. ^.--Sometimes a grill, as shown in Case 4, is partly replaced by a solid panel with openings above and below as in Fig. 14. With the openings the full length of the radiator ana 6 in. in height and with'Z? not less than 4 in., the heat transmission will be reduced 25 per cent.' As D is reduced in height, the heat transmission will also be reduced and with D, 2J in., the reduction will-be 40 per cent. '; Case No. 6?.--Radiators are often placed under seats as in Fig. 15. In this case the"' distance between the top of the radiator and the bottom of the seat becomes very important and should be not less than 3 in. and if possible it should be made 6.in. Under favorable conditions, when Z? is at least 3 in. and A is equal.to 6 in., the heat transmission will be reduced frorti.15 to;20.per cent. When D is small, however, say 2 in., and A is reduced to 4 in.,`this reduction may be 35 or 40 per cent. ' '; In tests1 by. Prof..K. Brabbee will be found other cases than those cited atiove. ; i Reported by George Stumpf, Jr., \n Heating and Ventilating Magatine, May 1914. p. 23. 48 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 " ' EFFECT OF POSITION The effect of position on heat transmitted by a radiator is .a subject that .has been investigated to a very limited extent. Experiments that are now available show the heat loss from a radiator is about the same whether it is placed on.the floor, at the ceiling or in the middle.of the Fig. 10 Fig. 11 W7777, Fig. 12 Different Arrangements of Radiators in Enclosures room, air temperatures being the same. It seems to make very little difference whether it is placed near the wall or near the middle of the room, as far as condensation is concerned. There is, however, a considerable difference in the heat of the room and the maintaining of a warm floor. This is particularly the case in rooms in which there is very little circula tion of air, due to mechanical means. Many factories that were effec tively heated with ceiling radiation when belt drives- were used have found it necessary to relocate the radiation at the floor, when direct motor drives were installed on machines. It has been found under these conditions that high temperatures prevail at the ceiling while low tem- 49 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 peratures prevail in the working space. Not only operators have been affected under these conditions but also the output of. the individual machines. Best results are obtained when the radiators are placed under the windows and adjacent to doors to the outside. The air heated by the radiators under the windows, rises, mixes with the cold infiltrating, air from the windows, circulates across the ceiling; gradually settles to the floor, is drawn up by the radiator and the cycle continues. The advantage of placing radiators adjacent to the door is that the infiltration at this point is compensated for, the infiltrating air being warmed before it enters the heated space. Placing a radiator close to an outside wall heats the wall immediate behind the radiator, but the infiltrating air through this wall absorbs this heat in part, the rest being used to compensate for the transmission losses through the wall. SPECIFICATION CLAUSES Specifications for radiation should contain the following clauses: 1. Manufacturers must guarantee that the heat emission per radiator shall not fall below the values given in Tables 18 to 30. . 2. Radiation must be free from flaws on surface and leaks, at nipple connections, and guaranteed to stand a hydrostatic test of not less than 100 ib. per sq. in. 3. Radiation must be thoroughly cleaned of all core sand, and if for vapor or modu lation steam systems must be washed out and the openings plugged before shipment* 4. Radiation must not be placed where dirt can get into the interior and if to be placed in the weather or damp location must be given a priming coat of paint before shipment or immediately upon delivery at location. / 5. Long or low radiators.should be crated, and the crating not removed until placed in final location. . . 6. Radiators supported from the wall or ceiling shall be supported on steel or wrought iron hangers. . \ 50 Chapter III STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS PIPING systems for steam heating are broadly classified as one-pipe, two-pipe, vapor, and vacuum systems, with either gravity or mechanical circulation. . One-pipe systems have but one connection to the radiator, the air being ejected through air valves on the end opposite this connection. In this system the condensation from the radiators returns to the boiler through the supply risers and either through the steam main, Fig. 16 'or throtigh a wet return receiving the drip from the heel of each riser or radiator connection, Fig. 17. Two-pipe systems have two connections to the radiators, one for steam, the other for condensation, air being ejected through air valves as in the one-pipe system. Fig. 18 shows a two-pipe gravity return system. Vacuum systems employ a vacuum return pump to produce a vacuum in the system and return the condensation to the boiler. This system is thus essentially, a mechanical circulation system. Vapor or air return systems are two-pipe systems in which all the air is returned from the radiator through a dry return to a central point from which it is ejected from the system. This system may or may not use thermostatic traps on the return end of the radiators and the pressure used is generally not over a few ounces. Graduated supply valves on the radiators may or may not be required. Fig. 19 shows a two-pipe return line vacuum and vapor systems, which may operate either as a return line vacuum system, an automatic return line vapor system or as a gravity return vapor system and shows the principle of connecting up any one of these three types. . . This system has many variations, employing various specialties which are usually patented, and determine the name of the patented system. Owing to their specialized nature, none are illustrated here but catalogue data on several systems are given in this volume. Gravity circulation is the term used to indicate any system where the condensation returns to the boiler by natural flow. Wherever this is the case a certain differential must be allowed between the water line in the boiler and the low point of the steam main and the dry return in order to allow for pressure drop in the piping system. This differential is usually from 18 to 30 in. . ' Mechanical circulation indicates any system where the condensation is returned to the boiler by means of a pump. It is used where some of Material for this section compiled by Perry West and R. V. Frost. . 51 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 52 F ig . 16. O n e -P ip e R e l ie f G r a v it y R e t u r n S y s t e m American Society of Heating owd" Ventilating Engineers Guide,T925-26 the radiation is below the water line of the boiler, where the distance between the boiler and the radiation is very great or where high pressure boilers are used. All four systems may employ mechanical circulation, but it is infrequently used in a one-pipe plant. Pumps for producing mechanical circulation are discussed in Chapter VIII. There are two broad divisions that may be very definitely made in the subject of steam : main sizes as proposed by James A. Donnelly in Code of Minimum Requirements for the Heating and Ventilation of Buildings. The first covers the distribution of the steam, and the second its use. The conveyance of steam for any considerable distance is a problem by itself, needing separate analysis and altogether different handling from any of the problems concerning the use of the steam after it has arrived at the building to be heated. Steam flow tables should be used for distribution, and tables giving the capacities of steam mains and branches,, radiator connections, etc., under standard and average conditions of use should be applied for sizing the pipes within the buildings. . Ivor this reason, data may be divided into two classes or groups: (1) transmission mains; (2) service piping. Transmission mains are those that have to do with the conveying of steam for a distance of considerable extent, through or between buildings and for collecting and returning the water of condensation from the several sections or buildings. . Service piping is that part of the apparatus by which the radiating units are connected to the transmission mains. . The velocities of flow used in the distribution of steam are only limited by the available or allowable drop in pressure, while the velocities within the buildings where the steam, is used are limited by the critical velocities or the velocities which will allow of sufficient separation of the condensation so that defective circulation or water hammer will not occur. . STEAM HEATING PIPE SIZES In using tables for steam heating pipe sizes, it is frequently hard to determine the length of run upon which they are based. Usually some allowance is made for one or more such items as: condensation in the pipe, equivalent length of'fittings, and valves, etc., but it is generally hard to determine what factors have been allowed for, and what per centage of allowance has been made. In compiling the tables and other data for The Guide, 1925-26 every attempt has been made to elimi nate such indefinite and conflicting factors. The three principal factors upon which the determination of pipe sizes for steam heating depends are: . . 1. The equivalent length of the run from the boiler, or source of steam supply, to the farthest radiator.* - 2. The total pressure drop, which may be allowed, between the source of supply and the end of the return system. 3. The peculiar conditions surrounding the particular plant in question. 53 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 F ig . 17. O n e -P ip e C ir c u it G r a v it y R e t u r n S y s te m Length of Run The length of run must not only include the actual linear feet of straight pipe, but also the proper allowance for fittings, valves and other items'which cause drop in pressure. . Pressure Drop . In the matter of pressure drop there are, theoretically, several factors to be considered, including: the initial pressure, the pressure required at the end of the line, fluctuations in the initial pressure, the distance between the bottom of the lowest radiator and the water line of the boiler (where the condensation is to be returned by gravity), the extra load on the system during heating-up periods, and the critical velocity of the steam (especially in risers and branches where the steam and con densate flow in opposite directions), and in other lines where high velocities are objectionable from the standpoint of noise, or the entrain ment of condensate. 1 With a high initial pressure it is theoretically possible to allow much greater drops in pressure if there is sufficient distance between the lowest radiator and the water line of the boiler in a gravity system or if the condensate is returned to the boiler by mechanical means. In attempting any very great drops in pressure, the following practical difficulties present themselves: . 1. If the system is designed to secure the same drop in pressure for each unit of radiation (including those nearest, as well as those farthest from the source of supply) . the velocity, necessary to equalize these drops in the shorter runs will be so high that serious trouble will be encountered from noise and the entrainment of the condensate. 2. If the system is so. designed as not to equalize these pressures, the condensate returning from radiators near the source of supply will be at a correspondingly higher temperature than that from radiators farthest from the source of supply, thus causing re-evaporation and pressures in the return system with consequent backing-up from one radiator to another, the holding-up of the return and the filling of the return lines, with too large a percentage of steam instead of condensate. It has been found, therefore, that while it may be theoretically possible to design a system for relatively large pressure drops, it is generally more satisfactory to design all steam heating systems on the basis of a low initial pressure and reasonably low total drops in pressure. The matter of fluctuations in pressure should be taken into consideration wherever the steam is to be supplied directly from the boiler, to the radiators at boiler pressure and the system should be designed to operate properly with the lowest pressure under which the boiler may operate. The extra load which the system is required to carry during heating-up periods depends somewhat upon the actual length of time through which the building will be allowed to cool between the heating periods, but more largely upon .the length of time which will be allowed for heating the building up at the beginning of each of these periods. In any case, the rapidity with which air is removed from the radiation either by free venting to the atmosphere of by mechanical return line systems will largely determine the rapidity with which steam must be supplied. With reasonably free, venting, the steam supply requirements during the heating-up period may run as high as 300 per cent of the norma! maxi- 55 '. American Society of Heating and.Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 mum load under running conditions. Allowances should be made for this extra demand, but inasmuch as the steam supply and the demand are somewhat self-regulating, so that if the demand is greater than the supply the pressure will drop and the supply be automatically reduced, the allowance generally made is considerably under 300 per cent. It is more economical to allow for a certain amount of overloading of the system during the heating-up periods and to allow a little more time for heating up than wpuld otherwise be required. . In the matter of initial pressure and return conditions it is undoubtedly true that with a constant initial pressure (such as is produced by a high pressure supply by means of a pressure reducing valve, or from the boiler direct where the pressure is maintained constant), somewhat higher drops in pressure and correspondingly smaller pipe may be successfully used. It is also undoubtedly true that, with a mechanical return line system where a constant vacuum of any desired degree of from 5 to 15 in..of mercury may be maintained, the factor of-fluctuations in initial pressure and the difficulties from high velocities and re-pvaporation are ' reduced, so that the pressure drops may also be higher and the pipe sizes smaller. . '; Unusual Conditions ' Under this heading are the character and class of the building, the periodicity of use arid the degree of-normal temperature to be attained at the beginning of each period of use. . . In public buildings, schools, offices, places of assemblage, .and such buildings (where the occupants are normally at rest) the building should be heated to its normal temperature at the beginning of each period of use. In some buildings (especially:offices, schools.and public buildings), the time between heating periods is relatively short; whereas, in others (such as churches, places of assemblage, etc.); these periods are com paratively long. In commercial buildings such as factories,, warehouses, etc., where, the occupants are-normally exercising, it is not necessary for the building to be heated to normal temperature at the beginning of its period of use. These facts should be. taken into consideration in the matters of allowances'which are to be made in the capacity of the system. .. . . , F ig . 18. T w o -P ip e G r a v it y R e t u r n S y s t e m General data on pipe size tables The following pipe size tables have been compiled for use in designing steam heating systems, and rnay be used, by those experienced in the profession, with satisfactory results. ,, The following general principals should be observed: ! -v 1. The initial pressure should not exceed 16'oz. gage. ` ' . -. 2. The drop in pressure in the mains and riser to the .farthest radiator should not exceed 1 oz. per 100 ft. of straight pipe or its equivalent length, with a lower rate of drop for systems with long runs. .' . - 3. The total drop in pressure from the source of supply to the farthest radiator, should not exceed 2 oz. to 8 oz. and should not 'exceed one-half- the boiler pressure. 57 F ig . 19.' V a c u u m a n d V a p o r S y s te m American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 925- . Fig. 20. Connecting Two Boilers Using Check Valves i and Equalizers in Returns 4. In small installations, such as residences, where the longest actual run is seldom over 20d ft., and where the firing periods extend over several hours, resulting in boiler pressure, fluctuating from zero to about 1 lb., the total pressure drop should not exceed 2 oz. In larger buildings, where boilers are under the constant care of a fireman, a uniform boiler pressure is maintained, and where the water line difference will permit, the total drop in pressure may range from 2 to 8 oz., depending upon the equivalent length of the longest run. If the equivalent length of the longest run were 600 ft. the total pressure drop would be 6 oz., a rate of 1 oz. per 100 ft. The total drop in pressure between the boiler and tl farthest radiator, even in a sky scraper, should not exceed 8 oz.. If the main and riser to the farthest radiator had an equivalent run of 1600 ft., it would be laid out on a H oz. drop basis per 100 ft., total drop of 8 oz. in 1600 ft. 5. The total allowable drop in pressure depends upon (a) the water line difference, (b) the equivalent length of main and riser from the boiler to the farthest radiator, and (c) the regularity of the pressure maintained at the boiler or source of steam supply. 6. The water line difference or distance between the water line of the boiler and the low point of steam main or dry return main should n6t be less than 24 in., because of the heavy drop in pressure from condensation in heating up a cold system: This difference should be increased 2 in. for every ounce pressure drop in the system. If the total pressure,drop were 6 oz., the water line difference should be 6 X 2 -|- 24 or 36 inches. 58 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 7. There should be a uniform drop in pressure between the source of steam supply and the farthest radiator on every riser. With a boiler pressure of 16 oz. and a maximum total pressure drop of 8 oz., the steam pressure at the supply valve of the farthest radiator on each riser should be 8 oz. The riser whose farthest radiator is 100 ft. from the main would be sized on a drop of 8 oz. per 100 ft. minus the drop in the main to this riser connection; while one, 200 ft. from the main would be sized on a drop per 100 ft. --one-half of the difference between the drop of 8 oz. and the drop, in the main to the riser connection. ' ' The total drop, minus the drop in the main to the point of connection to any riser, divided by the equivalent length of the riser from the main to the farthest radiator in hundreds of feet, gives the drop per 100'ft. in the riser. For a total drop 6 Oz., with the farthest radiator on riser No. 4, 200 ft. equivalent from the main and this riser Table 33. Flow of Steam in Pipes J=Loss in pressure in lb. d = Inside diameter of pipe in inches L = Length of pipe in feet ' . D=Weight of 1 cu. ft. steam W=Lb. of steam per min. / 3.6\ W*L P=0.000132 ^l +-j-j -g-p Pressure Loss in Oz. Col. 1 l~* 87VTM Inside Dia. Pipe Col. 2 fw Steam . Pressure By Gage Col. 3 V* Length Pipe in Feet Col 4 1 100 Ihr 1 2,175 1 0.522 .2 3.076 i% 1.177 3 3.767 l 'A 1.828 4 4.350 2 : 3.709 5 4.863 2J-S 6.109 6 5.328 3 11.183 7 5.754 3'A 16.705 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.3 5.3 10.3 15.3 0,193 0.195 0.201 0.207 0.223 0.248 0.270 8 6.152 - 4 23.630 20.3 0.290 10 6.878 32.098 30.3 0.326 12 7.532 ' 5 14 8.138 6 43.719 69.718 40.3 50.3 0.358 0.388 16 20 24 28 32 8.700 9.727 10.655 11.509 12.290 "a '8 9: 10 12-- 105.35 . 150.33 205.37 271.16. . 437.51 60.3 75.3 , 100.3 125.3 150.3 0.415 0.452 0.507 0.557 0.603 40 13.756 14 48 15.069 . 16 733.90 925.19 175.3 200.3 .0.645 0.685 80 19.454 160 27.512 320 38.863 480 47.652 ........-- -- -- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 ' 600 700 800 900 1000 1400 2.240 1.580 1.290 1.120 1.000 . 0.912 0.841 0.793 0.741 0.710 0.632 0.578 0.538 0.500 0.477 0.447 0.407 0.378 0.354 0.333 0.316 0.267' Column 1X2X3X49= lb. steam per min. will flow through a straight pipe for a given condition. Example.--1 oz. drop -- 2-in. pipe -- 1.3 lb. press. -- 100 ft. long. -- 2.175 X 3.709 X 0.201 X 1 = 1.615 lb. per min., then 1.615 X 60 -- 20 per cent = 77.28 lb. per hr. Preceding table does not allow for entrained water in low-pressure steam, condensa tion in-covered pipe and roughness in commercial pipe, therefore reduce calculated capacities approximately 20 per cent. ' . 60 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 connection 100 ft. from the source of supply, this riser would be sized on a basis of -- -- or 2H oz- dr0P Per 100 ft- of riser- . In using this method experience indicates that no pipe carries a velocity above the critical value of 20 ft. per second where steam and condensate flow in opposite directions, or above 50 ft. per second elsewhere on account of noise and entrainment difficulties. 8. In order to get uniform distribution of steam throughout the entire system, it is necessary to control the flow by reducing the riser sizes nearer the boiler. The nearer the riser is to the boiler, the greater will be its drop in pressure per 100 ft., since the total drop at the top of all risers should be practically the same. 9. Pipe sizes are figured on a pressure drop basis for undirectional flow or on a critical velocity basis for counterflow, depending upon whether the steam and water flow in the same or in opposite directions. 10. Due to the high rate of condensation in heating up a cold system the critical velocity should be figured at not over 20 ft. per second which will give velocities con siderably below the critical velocity once the system is heated. , . PIPE SIZES Table 33 gives the numerical value of the four factors of the Babcock formula for various sizes and lengths of pipe and various initial pressures and pressure drops. By multiplying together the four factors for any set of conditions the pounds of steam per minute which will flow through the pipe may be found, as illustrated in the example below the table. Table 34 is a basic table giving the theoretical capacities of pipe in square feet of direct cast iron radiation (based on 34 lb. steam per hour per square foot) for various pressure drops in ounces per 100 ft. length of pipe or equivalent length and with an initial steam pressure of 1 lb. gage. This table does not allow a factor of safety for variation in pipe size, condensation in the pipe or other variables and should not be used without taking these factors into consideration. Table 35 is the same as Table 34 except that it allows a 20 per cent factor of safety to take care of condensation within the pipe itself, varia tion in size and roughness in the pipe due to blisters, scaled corrosion and other factors. This table is recommended for general use. In determining the length of pipe used in any system, the actual length must be increased for the various fittings, and values in deter mining the equivalent length before applying any of the tables given. Table 36 gives the length in feet to be added to the actual length of pipe for various fittings and values in determining the equivalent length. If it is desired to determine the capacity of a pipe for any other length than 100 ft. or for any initial pressure other than 1 lb. such capacity may be found from either -Table 34 or 35, by multiplying the capacities found in those tables by constants given in Table 37. Example.--What is the capacity of a 150 ft. 4 in. pipe with an initial pressure of 1 lb. and pressure drop of 2 oz. in the 150 ft.? Solution.--From Table 35 it is found that the capacity of a 100 ft. 4 in, pipe with .1 lb. initial pressure and 2 oz. pressure drop, is 2780 sq; ft\. Multiplying this value by 0.817 the constant for a 150 ft. length as given' in Table 37 gives 2271 the ... Example.--What is the capacity of pressure and pressure drop of 1 oz.? .61 T a b le 34. Pressure ossesL w it h L ow Pressure Steam 10,045 11,599 , 12,965 14,206 15,343 16,404 1 18,336 20,085 21,701 23,199 25,93? 28,412 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 96,205 136,070 166,630 192,410 215,170 235,670 , . 254,510 1 272,125 304,148 333,170' 359,961 384,830 430,250 471,300 2 .2 SSSSS2S3ESS3g SssSslISSlIliS ?2 SSSSSS2SSSS2SS 3ssglS2=52gss So ass5sss3?saassg ISslSSIllsslli L SgsIsgSlilSISS 111! V 2 ft Si s s H s00 1 SliiillS lUII-S a STlll!lllllfP V 22 slllllllllllll llllllllllllll I; isisiigiiissss SS3KsaSS3gS3S asgssssissssss SS8SS?83S8S82 assss'sissasssa |EsllgsSKS2 "ssrssssrsssss lllllllliltp lllllllllillll llillilllllsli *4 Sss51ssiSSSII Sf SSSSsISssSIfSI *g33a25*aSS8 L 3 sS551slsglS||| I asassssssasssa ssisaaasgsssss sssESSsasgscsa M -UtWCK) jow^gj aon 62 'f American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . Table 36. Length in Feet of Pipe to be Added to Actual Length of Run to 1. Obtain Equivalent Length Size of Pipe St'd. Elbow Side Outlet Tee . Gate Valve Globe Valve Ancle Valve Length in Feet to be Added in Run 2" - ` 2H" 3' 3^' . 4' 5' 6' 7" 8" 9" 10' 12' 14' . 5 '7 10 12 14 18 22 26 31 35 39 47 53 16 20 26 31 35 44 50 55 63 69 76 90 105 2 3 3 4 5 7 9 10 12 13 15 18 20 18 25 33 39 45 57 70 82 94 105 118 140 160 9 12 16 19 22 28 32 37 42 47 52 63 ' 72 Example of length in feet of pipe to be added to actual length of run. IS2-0>" 4"6ATE YALt. -} 4-4* ELBOYtS. -- 13s2-.-o0m - 56-0" SWtVALEMT LH5TH - 193 -0 ^X- Table 37. Constants for Various Initial Pressures and Lengths Steam Pressure Gage Lbs. Constant bt Which to Multiply Capacity op ant Pips pob 1 Lb. Gage Steam Pressure to Obtain Capacitt op Sam* Pipe pob Pres- _ subs in Col. 1 Length op Pipe Ft. Constant bt Which to Multiply Capacity op 100 Ft. Pipe to Obtain Capacitt op Same Sized Pipe With Same* Pressure, and Length as Given in Col. 3 . Col. I Col. 2 Col. 3 CoL 4 0 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 75 100 125 150 175 200 ... _ 1 0.92 1.00 1.03 1.11 1.24 1.35 1.45 1.63 1.79 1.94 2.08 2.26 2.54 2.79 3.02 3.23 3.44 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1400 . 2.240 1.580 1.290 1.120 1.000 0.912 0.841 0.793 0.741 0.710 0.632 0.578 0.538 0.500 . 0.477 0.447 0.407 0.378. 0.354 0.333 0.316 0.267 aT b le 38. Capacity of Pip e in Square F eet of D irect Ra d ia t io n for Various Parts of Various Systems, W h e n Pressure D rop is not Over 1 oz. per 100 f t . of E q u iv a le n t L ength of Ru n . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-20 1i i 0- g 5g > O y6 aa gsS :SS88 SS888 Hi2 8S8888888 Q2cf:i .^gsCo --oc H^aiOO&OOiO -h t+i v C*5 OO Si , iaS & a1a. 15g^12S16g g|Sl 11SS g5S5aoog2,*2P si1?. S2 ft. -- .strM 88? .33888 :8888 Drips to Returns Steam Risen 2 & a CN co co tP ' >. i5 SE ` cMoCC . ri .Capacity in Sq. Ft, of. R a d ia tio n i ----- ;------------------- ----------------------------------- I n it ia l Steam Pressure lb. GageI ozog P 5> z* a< go *" |?| | 3bISS.eeig9gC 5ESS |ioq <S* *rToO*-h-0^'OOOigco^OQOvC'N ntO'AOirOO' vjO 'OO'OO' 0\ to to rO COM fN O V* cn to. .* lo O NWON , 64 N 0,, ,- U p - fe e d tw o-pipe supp.y r.sera may be shed sone as s u p p l y ' a n d down-feed risers up to velocities o f from 50 ft. to .00 ft. per second corresponding to pipe sizes fro m 1 in. to 4 in. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 T rle 39 Capacity of Pipe in Square Feet of Direct Radiation and Pressure I able pBQps IN oUNCES per ioO ft. of Equivalent Length of Pipe for Various Velocities of Steam . ' Initial Steam Pressure l Lb. Gage. Size 12 Ft. feb Sec. 16 Ft. feb Sec. ' 20 Ft. feb Sec. 25 Ft. feb Sec. 30 Ft. feb Sec. 40 Ft. feb Sec. Pm: Sq. Ft P. D.* Sq. Ft P. D.* Sq. Ft P. D.* Sq. Ft P. D.' Sq- Ft P. D.' Sq. Ft P. D.* %* 25 V 40 \M* 63 \W 90 2* 150 2'A' 220 3* 340 3}4" ,440 4* 650 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 35 2.4 60 2.0 90 0.8 120 0.6 210 0.3 300 0.3 490 0.25 630 0.2 800 0.19 45 70 115 152 260 370 590 780 1000 3.9 2.7 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 55 85 145 195 325 460 750 960 1260 6.0 65 3.8 102 2.4 172 1.6 235 1.3 400 0.7 560 0.7 900 0.4 1150 0.3 1500 8.0 90 5.6 138 3.2 235 2.5 312 1.7 530 1.2 750 0.9 1210 0.6 1550 0.5 2000 16.0 10.0 5.8 4.2 3.0 2.7 1.8 1.5 1.0 *p. D. * Pressure drop in ounces. Table 40. Capacities of Return Mains in Square Feet Size of Pipe 1# lw D4' 2' 2H' 3' 3H*. `Length 300' 600 1,200 3,000 8,200 15,000 28,500 40,000 " 800' a 1,750' u 2,500' 3_7_5 750 1,875 5,200 9,700 17,000 25,000 600 1,300 3,750 6,700 12,000 18,000 1,125 3,000 5,600 9,425 15,000 *Length equals measured distance from vacuum pump to end of riser. Table 41. Capacities of Return Risers in Square Feet Size of Pipe H' 1' D4' "Length 200' " 400' " 600' " 1,000' " 2,000' 700 560 420 350 230 1,400 3,150 1,120 2,480 840 1,750 700 1,470 460 1,050 Length equals measured distance from boiler or pressure reducing valve to end of riser. Capacities as given in Tables 40 and 41. include allowances for elbows, tees. etc. Table 42. Radiator Connections Capacity in Sq. Ft. Radiation Size of Inlet Valve Supply Vertical Pipe to Inlet Valve Horizontal Runout to Vertical Inlet Pipe Return Size Trap Horizontal Stub to Trap . Runout to Stub 1 to 60 . 61 to 100 101 to 200 ?01 to 350 %' 1" IK" W' M" i* IK' l" l M" m' 2' w w V" %" H" . Ye" K" Vi" V* Vi" Ye" Vi" Radiators to be water pattern tapped or bushed top and bottom opposite ends. j m patt?rn radiators can be used when tapped of bushed eccentric opposite ends with supply bushing turned up and return bushing turned down. 65 Siz eI nches 0.420 3.384 1 195' 1.310 2.068 0.811 2.816 0.624 4.641 0.412 6.621 0.309 17.61 0.146 27.68 0.106 39.95 0.082 70.72 0.056 111.6 0.042 158.8 0.034 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Flow Drop Flow Drop Flow Drop 0.683 Drop Flow Flow Drop 147.2 I Flow 1.235 Drop 85.45 i Flow 1.840 1 Drop 55.35 Flow 2.585 i Drop 38.80 Flow 3.448 Drop 23.53 Flow 5.222 Drop 17.28 Flow 6.796 Drop 9.990 Flow 10.99 Drop 6.160 Flow 16.66 Drop 3.515 Flow 28.42 Drop UH. czoz Q < H GAGE PRESSURE IN POUNDS PER SQUARE IN C H --STANDARD PIPE s 20.56 4.555 . 3.072 24.82 -- CO wo oo c* Lf} V) 7.448 8.165 So>3 c-- s so es 33.90 3.110 48.36 1 1.926 . 1 2.260 I 74.62 1 1.610 | 334.0 5 t*o oa a OO CM 00 O' aO tot? <* S rs 815.0 0.304 516.6 0.406 202.2 0.768 <> so o 989.0 0.208 695.0 0.258 249.0 . ,0.508 . 172.4 0.656 109.8 i 0.911 i 63.70 1 1.370 41.28 17.56 3.889 12.88 5.045 2.620 21.22 821.5 0.172 365.9 0.287 206.7 0.422 143.2 \ 0.546 52.88 1.138 91.10 0.755 34.26 1.598 6.182 6.775 10.70 4.190 14.457 , 3.222 2.175 ' 17.54 12.68 ! 15.64 1 20.00 0.592 1 0.713 1 0.933 52.96 0.202 135.4 0.107 213.6 0.080 33.70 0.279 19.57 1 0.421 1 0.602 1 0.788 . 0.976 6.782 ' 8.880 | 10.96 1 14.02 8 c*5 O' mS (V 5 oo s V to 11.57 2.564 1.727 13.93 3.029 8.190 8.500 1.883 CO <o too o rs 1.270 10.25 2.225 6.000 6.650 1.472 4.882 1.915 3.090 2.287 1 2.821 0.993 8.030 1.740 4.700 OoOpTt*. s 2.492 0.805 6.500 19.06 1.690 1.243 27.20 1,270 30.85 ; 42.00 0.664 1 0.905 cm es 1 1 1 rl CM 41.58 0.345 53.15 72.33 1 0.441 0.600 a 00 85 3 CM 120.7 | 0.247 cm COo--.> O' CO to0 166.9 0.131 213.6 1.67 164.2 0.336 458.5 0.171 652.0 0.137 263.4 0.098 336.8 0.126 M3 co O O. 163.1 0.061 103.4 0.082 0.119 49.25 1 58.38 40.45 0.154 9.680 .0.452 4.113 0.910 3.023 1 1.185 1.746 1.913 0.614 4.955 1.077 2.900 r") -- o 21.70 ' 0.181. 8.165 0.382 , 0.340 2.733 0.381 3.100 t--o 0o0 o 0-4- o * oo CO o -> - 0.597 1.610 0.908 2.4S2 0.968 1.061-- ---------------1.675 0.657 1.473 1.516 137.6 0.052 0.101 5.721 . 0.509 3.471 0.770 H NS 28 00 NCM CM , 101.1 0.038 64.10 0.051 36.22 0-.074 25.08 | 0.096 15.96 0.133 9.260 0.199 2.551 0.566 4.208 ` 0.376 6.000 i 0.280 1.873 0.734 2.281 0.505 3.760 0.334 1 5.365 0.250 90.40 0.034 57.30 0.045 14.26 0.118 8.280 1.77 CO 00 'tOo '0 , I 53 X - --- .5 2 128.6 0.027 143.8 ,0.031 195.7 0.042 232.0 0.049 479.3 0.101 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Solution.--From Table 35 find, 1926, the capacity of this pipe with a 1 lb. initial pressure. Multiplying this by 1.03 for a 2 lb. initial pressure as given in Table 37 gives 1984 the capacity for the given condition. By using the capacities given in Table 34 rather than Table 35 in examples 1 and 2, the capacities for the given conditions without allowing for a factor of safety of 20 per cent may be obtained. Table 38 gives the capacities of various sized pipes for parts of systems based upon stated conditions. Column B gives the capacities of various sizes, of supply mains, branches to risers which are dripped, down-feed risers, or any other part of any system where steam and the condensation either from radiation or from the pipe itself flow in the same direction, based upon 1 lb. initial pressure and a drop of 1 oz. per 100 ft. and allow ing a 20 per cent factor of safety. These capacities apply particularly to two-pipe steam and two-pipe vapor systems. Column C gives the capacity of supply mains, branches to risers not dripped, up-feed risers, or any other part of any system where steam and condensate flow in opposite directions, based upon a steam velocity of 16 ft. per second. These capacities apply particularly to.a one-pipe system and those parts of any two-pipe system where the condensate from radiators or from the pipe itself are expected to flow in the opposite direction to the steam. Column D gives the capacity of branches to radiators based upon steam velocities of 12 and 16 ft. per second respectively for such branches with J4 in. and 1 in. pitch per 10 ft. length. Table 39 gives the capacity in square feet and pressure drop in ounces for various sized pipe and various steam velocities ranging from 12 to 40 ft. per second. Tables 40, 41 and 42 give the capacities of return mains, return risers and radiator connections, for vacuum systems. The capacity of supply mains and risers for vacuum systems may be taken directly from Table 35 if the allowable pressure drop is greater than 1 oz. per 100 ft. or from Table 38, Column B, if a pressure drop of only 1 oz. per 100 ft. is to be allowed. . Tahle 43 gives the pounds of steam which will flow per minute through standard pipe at 4000 ft. velocity, and the resulting pressure drop in pounds per 100 ft. equivalent length. This table is particularly applicable to transmission mains and should not.be used without particular con sideration in designing distribution systems, Either capacity of a pipe in any part of a system is limited either by the allowable pressure drop along the pipe, or by the steam velocity through the pipe or both. If condensate, either from radiation supplied or from the pipe itself, is to return counter to the flow of steam the velocity of the steam must not exceed certain critical values. If the velocity exceeds the critical value the system may continue to operate, but will be noisy. If the velocity exceeds a higher maximum value the condensate will cease to return counter to the steam and will be carried along with it clogging the radiator if it has a one-pipe connection, or passing through the radiator if it has a two-pipe connection. 67 f ; American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 RESULTS OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS The Research Laboratory of the American Society Heating and Ventilating Engineers has investigated this subject1, and has found the critical velocity for quiet operation to be about .22 in. per second for the sizes of pipe investigated and apparently increasing with the ' size of pipe. The maximum velocity, however, with counter flow of condensate where noise is not objectionable is considerably higher and increases rapidly with size of pipe. In the case of horizontal runs both the critical velocity for quiet operation and the maximum velocity where noise is not objectionable, depend upon the pitch of the pipe. The maximum capacity and velocity where noise is not objectionable for horizontal pipes with various pitches are given in Table 44. N u m Bcr ^o+ Rise r 4 _____a_____ Sqwored Errtnne bottofnj DToiaone p2 5% & +ci^< A f i iA fr^PlD A6c lit it! :Botato+m A g 3! |PTooiont 3 in AA Too AA ftarod * & i i i& A ti iA A i iA iA A A &A til A A A A A & Bbundd iA A1s A A w A kl Tbrr* r iA 7 | h------^oimred Cktramcc Eeamcd Entrance Qounco Entrance ^^ iM OurftnCAnuworiMninmes. pATr.scrttfc-'u pgVift to. Fig. 22. Effect of Reaming Entrance to One-Pipe Risers Where the velocity of steam is the limiting factor of the capacity of a pipe, care must be taken that this velocity is not exceeded in any part of the pipe or fittings by a constriction, since the velocity at any one con striction will limit the whole system. For this reason, particular care must be taken to ream such pipe and guard against dope constricting it at joints. Iron pipe should also be examined for constricting blisters, Fig. 22 and Table 46, from the Laboratory reports already mentioned show the importance of these factors. i Reports by Houghten & Ehin, Journal Ambrican Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, September, 1922; March, 1923; February, 1924; June, 1924; February. 1925. 68 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 44. Maximum Capacity of One-Pipe Lines at Various Pitches Pitch of Pipe in Inches per 10 Ft. Pitch of Ptf--in. X IN. 1 IN. 1M IN. 2 IN. . 3 IN. . 4 IN. 5 IN. Pipe' Sue' Sq. Ft Rad. Based on 240 B.tu. t 3 2 Sq. Ft Rad. Based on 240 B.to. Sq. Ft i Rad. i 2 Based on 240 B.tu. 1 3 2 Sq. Ft Rad. Based on 240B.tu. 3 2 Sq. Ft. Rad.. Baaed on 240. B.tu. Sq. Ft S' Rad. MS3 s Based on 240 . B.tu. *0< 2 Sq. Ft Rad. on 240 B.tu. > 3 2 Sq. Ft Rad. on 240 B.tu. :> 3 2 y*' \r . l x0 \w 2" 25.0 12 30.3 14 37.3 18 40.4 19 42.5 20 46.1 21 47.5 22 49.3 23 45.8 12 52.6 15 63.0 17 70.0 20 75.2 22 83.0 23 87.9 25 90.2 26 104.9 18 117.2 20 133.0 23 144.5 25 154.0 27 165.0 28 172.6 29 178.2 31 142.6 18 159.0 21 181.0 23 196.5 25 209.3 27 224.0 28 234.8 30 242.6 31 236.0 19 263.5 .20 299.5 23 325.5 25 346.5 27 371.5 28 388.4 29 401.1 30 Table 45. Results of Tests on Angle and Globe Valves Nominal Size op Pipe IN. . 1 Vi Hi IK Area of Pipe Sq. in. 0.537 0.835 1.459 1.927 Area Valve Seat Opening Sq. In. Per Cent of Area of Pipe 0.4418 0.822 1.258 1.773 - 82.2 98.4 86.2 92.2 Maximum ' Pipe and Valve 9.68 22.10 30.00 46.13 Capacity Pipe Alone Per Cent of Capacity of Pipe Alone 13.52 23.30 47.5 68.5 71.6 95.0 63.1 67.4 Nominal Size In. k .1 IK IK -Valve Stem--Vertical - Capacity of Pipe and Valve Lb. per Hr. 1.38 7.73 13:20 18.81 Per Cent of Capacity of Pipe Alone 11.8 35.7 31.2 33.0 Valve Stem--Horizontal Capacity of Pipe and Valve Lb. per Hr. 8.83 14.06 22.88 32.00 Per Cent of Capacity of Pipe Alone 76.3 66.1 54.3 56.7 The capacity of risers with various shaped entrances is very important and those shown in Fig. 22 gave the following maximum capacities:-- .. Reamed entrances...... v......................... 24,7 lb. per hr. Rounded entrances.--............................. 23.9 lb. per hr. Squared entrances................................. 22.2 lb. per hr. Three wheel cutter._............................. 19.2 lb. per hr. Single wheel cutter.--............................ 17.6 lb. per hr. Per Cent Decrease 0.0 3.2 10.1 22.2 28.7 Table 46 shows variation in capacity of a pipe as affected by variation of size and smoothness of pipe generally found on the market. The maximum and minimum results were obtained by picking out very smooth and very rough pipe from the stock room of a large manufacturer. Table 46. Per Cent Difference in Capacity Due to Variation of Pipe Size ______________ and Smoothness Capacity of Pipe........................................... Minimum. .................. Maximum.. . Per Cent Variation.................................... Maximum Condensation. Lb. per Hr. K" 14.00 15.20 8.6 1" 24.89 30.08 20.8 IK' 45.42 52.08 14.7 IK' 70.50 82.00 16.3 69 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Note.--Allowance for expansion must be made in long runs of mains both vertical and horizontal. One expansion joint or swing should be installed in any run over 100 ft. 0 in. long and one for each additional 100 ft. 0 in. of run. AH branch connections should be made so as to allow a swing both at the main and the other end connections. ' RUM.RVT>Of1 AWtori swiHO mv*QVT omr Fig. 23. Typical Expansion Connections for Risers 70 71 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 American Society o/ HEATiNG.an<i Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 MTEWUie TYPICAL CONNECTIONS TO MANIFOLD COILS OF NOT OYER 8 PIPCS TYPICAL CONNECTIONS TO MANIFOLD coils having more than o pipes. Fig. 26. Typical Connections to Manifold Coils Having More Than 8 Pipes Fig. 28. Return Connections to Blast Coils 72 73 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 29. Connections to Coils in Tanks Fig. 30. Typical Connections to Kitchen and Hospital Equipment Chapter IV SYSTEMS AND PIPING 'FOR HOT WATER HEATING By F. E. Giesecke, Member A HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM consists essentially of heaters, radiators, and a connecting system of pipe through which water circulates while conveying heat from the heater to the radiators. The'connecting pipe lines should be arranged and proportioned so that every radiator will receive its proper share of heat when the total quantity of heat required by all the radiators is being delivered to the water at the heater. There are a large number of systems or methods of arranging the pipe lines in a hot water system. A few are indicated in Fig. 31. . . The force maintaining circulation is either that of gravity, which acts because the water in the return risers is heavier than the water in the supply risers, or the force supplied by a pump placed in the return main near the heater. When circulation is due to gravity, it is called a Gravity System; when circulation is produced by a pump, it is called a Forced-Circulation System. . . OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEMS Hot water.heating systems may be either open or closed. Open systems have expansion tanks vented to the atmosphere. Closed systems are operated under pressures higher than atmospheric. In designing the pipe lines for a Closed System the same methods and formulas are used to determine the pressure heads and friction heads as are used in designing an Open System. . The principal difference between a closed system and an open system is that, in a closed system, the pressure on the water in the system can be regulated by a set of valves whereas, in an open system, the pressure on the water is only that due to the atmosphere and the column of water extending from the expansion tank to the point where the pressure is measured. In general, the pressure on the water is higher in a closed system than in an open system and, consequently, the water can be heated to a higher temperature in the former without boiling. As the temperature of the water in a heating system is increased, the size of the radiation and of the pipe lines, necessary to supply a given quantity of heat, is decreased. An open system can be made the equivalent of a closed system in this respect by. elevating the expansion tank to a sufficient height. For example, if, in a closed system, a pressure of 75 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1925-26 r- . 76 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, `1925-26 15 lb. per square inich is maintained in the highest radiator and if, in an open system, the expansion tank is located 15 x2.4 or 36 ft. above the highest radiator, the two systems will be. alike so far as pressure and boiling points are concerned. ' Since water is only very slightly compressible (a change in pressure of 10 lb. per square inch will produce a change in volume of about 1 in 33;000) its density and its coefficient of friction may be considered independent of pressure and hence the laws governing pressure heads and friction heads are also independent of pressure and are.the same for closed Systems as for open systems. * PRESSURE HEAD ; . The force maintaining circulation is sometimes expressed in pounds per square inch but more generally in terms of the height of a column of water which would produce this pressure, i. e. in feet of water, millinches of water, etc. The height of such a column of water'is the Pressure Head. FRICTION HEAD ' The forces resisting circulation are the frictional resistances in the heater, the radiators, the pipe lines, the several fittings and valves, and in the water itself. These resisting forces are also expressed in terms of water column. The height of this column is the Frictional Head, Tests by Professor F. E. Giesecke, demonstrate that the friction head for new commercial black iron pipe of American manufacture is' where h = 83 V1'88 d ~ 0 04 d ~ 1275 .. h - - friction head, per foot of pipe, in millinches of water, V = velocity, in ft. per sec. d = actual internal diameter of pipe, in inches. It has been found by experiment that the friction of water in com mercial black iron pipe varies, approximately, as the 1.8 power of the velocity and that the friction in fittings, valves, and in radiator and heater inlets and outlets varies, approximately, as the square of the velocity of the water in a pipe having the same nominal size as such fitting, valve, etc. It is, therefore, impossible, to express with accuracy the friction in a pipe fitting in terms of the friction in the pipe. For example, if the friction in an elbow is equal to the friction in 3 ft. of pipe, when the velocity of the water is I ft. per second, the friction in the elbow will be equal to that in 4.1 ft. of pipe when the velocity is 5 ft. per second, and equal to that in 2.2 ft. of pipe when the velocity is, 1/5 ft. per second. .' It is possible, however, to express, with sufficient accuracy, the friction in one pipe-fitting in terms of the friction in any other pipe-fitting or in any valve. For example, if the friction-in one open globe valve is equal to that in twelve elbows, when the velocity is 1 ft. per second, the same relation will exist at all other velocities, if the friction varies as the 77 PCt Foot o r W a t e r C o l u m n . American Societv of Heating on* Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 78 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Square of the velocity in both cases. Since more 90 deg. elbows are used in hot water heating systems than any other type of fitting or any valve, all fittings, valves, and other obstructions, found in radiator, circuits, shall be expressed in terms of elbow equivalents, for the determination of their friction heads. For this purpose the following table of equivalents may be used:' 1 90 deg. elbow........ 1 45 deg. elbow........ 1 Open return bend 1 Tee._........................ 1 Open gate valve .. 1.0 1 Open globe valve......................... -- 12.0 0.9 1 Angle radiator valve ............... 2.0 1.0 1 Radiator--............. ............,....... 3.0 2.2 1 Heater......................... ...... .............. .. 3.0 0.5 To avoid friction head calculations by complicated formulae, the diagram of Fig. 33 may be used to find the friction head in one foot of pipe, as the diagram of Fig. 34 is used to find the friction head in one elbow. . . - GRAVITY SYSTEM The pressure head for any radiator or group of radiators, in a gravityflow system, shall be determined by calculating the maximum difference in the pressures caused by the water in the flow and return risers and dividing this difference by. the density of water whose temperature is the mean of the temperatures of the water in the flow and return risers. To illustrate: If a radiator is located above the flow main so that its risers are 12 ft. high, and if the temperature of the water in the flow and return risers is, respectively, 180 and 160 deg., and if the density of water at 180, 170 and 160 deg. .is, respectively, 60.58, 60.80, and 61.00 lb. per cu. ft., the maximum difference in the pressures caused by the water in the two risers is 12 (61.00 -- 60.58) or 5.24 lb. per sq. ft.; the corresponding pressure head is 5.24/60.80, or 0.0829 ft., or 995 m.i. of 170 deg. water. Instead of calculating the pressure head, it may be determined, with sufficient accuracy, from Fig. 32. To illustrate: For the example cited, find 180 on the upper margin of the diagram; from there traverse vertically downward to the intersection with the inclined 160 deg. line; from there, horizontally to the left margin and read 82 m.i. per foot of water column; multiply by 12, the height of the risers in feet, and find 984 m.i. of 170 deg. water, which differs only by about 1 per cent from the head calcu lated previously. After the general arrangement of the pipe lines has been decided upon, the pipe sizes are determined so that, for any radiator or group of radiators, the friction head is equal to the pressure head when the system is operating at a uniform or constant rate. The friction head for any radiator or group of radiators should be determined by calculating and adding together the friction heads in the heater, radiator, pipes, pipe fittings, and valves which constitute the circuit for that radiator or group of radiators. 1 These values are based, with slight modifications suggested by later research, on experimental determinations by F. E. Giesecke and published in Domestic Engineering, November, 1912. A record of these teats is shown in Hardiug and Willard, Heating and Ventilating, p. 259 and in Marks, Machine Design, pp. 239-240. 79 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fpiction Head in M ilincmej pep Foot o p . Pipe Friction I I c ao 1 in M iuncncs per E.loow Fig. 33. Chart for Finding Friction Head Per Foot of Pipe 80 81 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Gravity hot water heating systems may be.designed for even circula-. tion at any range of water temperature difference between flow and return, within practical limits. Small differences in temperature result in large pipe sizes, uneconomical both in cost of installation and operation, and slowness to respond to outside temperature changes. Large differ ences in temperature result in undesirable small piping and difficulty, in balancing for circulation. While gravity systems have been designed and installed on as low as 10 deg. and as high as 60 3eg. difference, best results are obtained for difference between 20 and 30 deg. with 20 deg. difference applicable to most conditions. The calculations of pipe sizes to the radiator most unfavorably situated on the basis of one or more different temperature differences will usually make the best practical temperature difference evident. The criterion which determines whether one radiator is more unfavorably or favorably situated than another is the value of the quotient when the height of the center of the radiator above the center of the boiler in feet is divided by the total travel of the water through the radiator in question. In selecting approximate pipe sizes the following Table 47 may be used: Table 47. Approximate Pipe Sizes for Gravity Circulation for a Temperature Drop of 20 Deg. and for Velocities Ranging from 2 to 6 In per Second Pipe "Size l 'A".. 1A'~ 2"..... 2A'-. 3'..... 3M": 4"..... *A"~ 5'...... 6'..... Capacity in 1000 B.t.u. . 1.5 to 4.6 2.7 4.4 " U 8.1 13.1 7.6 " 22.7 10.3 16.9 u 30.9 50.8 24.2 37.3 49.9 " u u 72.5 111.8 149.6 u64.3 80.7 " u 192.9 242.0 102.0 306.0 146.0 " 438.0 The capacities shown in the table vary directly with the temperature drop and the velocity. Since the velocity depends on the pressure head and on the friction head it cannot be predicted or- estimated accurately before the system is designed and, consequently, Table 47 must be used only for very approximate determinations of pipe sizes. A much better approximate determination of pipe sizes may be made . by the following method: 1. Determine the equivalent length of the circuit by adding the length of the pipe in the circuit to the equivalent length of the elbow equivalents, placing each elbow equivalent equal to a pipe whose length is equal to 24 dian>eters. 2- Determine from Fig. 32 the pressure head for the Circuit and divide it by the equivalent length of the circuit to find the average friction head of the circuit in millinches per foot of pipe. ' 3. Determine from Fig. 33 which pipe size has that particular unit friction head when the given quantity of heat is being conveyed.' 82 - American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 To illustrate the application to practice, let it be required to determine the sizes of a few of the pipes for the hot-water heating system shown in Fig. 35. . This system is intended for a three-story building in which all rooms are to be heated to 70 deg. The first floor radiator is to dissipate 10,000 B.t.u., the second floor radiator, 8000 B.t.u., and the third floor radiator, 12,000 B.t.u., per hour. . Fig. 35. General Arrangements of Heating System , The system is piped so that water, leaving the heater, may take any one of three paths, through Radiator, 1, 2 or 3. The correct solution of the problem requires that the three paths be so proportioned that the proper quantity of water will flow through each of the three radiators. Proceed with the design as follows: 1. Divide the three circuits of the system into sections so that every section will contain only one pipe size and only one rate of flow of heat. For example, the circuit of Radiator I should be divided into four sections; the first section extending from H to A; the second from A to 1; the third from 1 to B; and the fourth from B to H. The point A must be the 83 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 division point of two sections because the Section H-A conveys the heat for all three radiators, whereas Section 4-1 carries only the heat for Radiator 1. For a similar reason B must be a division point. The reason for selec ting 1 as a division point is that it is often necessary to select a different pipe size for Section 4-1 than for Section 1-.B, in order to secure the proper friction head for Radiator 1. If it were certain that the pipe size for Section 4-1 could be the same as that for Section 1-B the pipe line from 4 to B could be called one section; since it is impossible to know in advance what the pipe sizes leading to and from the radiator must be, it is best to make the radiator the division point of two sections. 2. Having divided the several circuits into sections prepare a table, like Table 48, and record there the designations of the several sections, the quantity of heat conveyed by each section, and the number of feet of pipe and the number of elbows or elbow equivalents in each section. All of this information should be obtained from the plans for the heating system. In Fig. 35 is shown only a diagrammatic repre sentation of the system to illustrate the general arrangement. In this case a number of elbows, valves, air valves, and the expansion tank are omitted in order to simplify the drawing.' For the actual design, a complete drawing, such as that shown in Fig. 36, must be available or the designer must be sufficiently familiar with the proposed installation to be able to inserf the correct pipe length and the correct number of elbows or elbow equivalents in the description of each section, as recorded in Table 48. 3. Calculate the pressure head available for the circuit by means of Fig. 32 and record it in the table. 4. Calculate the pipe sizes for the several sections by means of Figs. 33 and 34 so that the sum of the friction heads in all the sections com posing any one circuit is equal, to the.pressure head available for that circuit. Table 48. Circuit I* Pressure head = 7 X 90 = 630 m.i. Section b.t.u. Feet Elbows Assumed Diameter In. Unit Friction Total Friction Selected 's Diameter In. Unit Total Friction Friction H-A 30,000 8.67 m 12 3.5 A-1 10,000 1.2 IK 35 104 122 ' 4 :. IK IK 104 122 4 5.5 1-B 10,000 2.67 l . 3.5. 7.5 41. 33 :M . 3.5 .41 9 7.5 12.5 183 7.5 ' 56 ' B-H 30,000 10.7 4.5 IK 24.5 128 12 157 IK .128 157 35 Total --. 772 621 The calculations for Circuits II and III are made and recorded in a similar manner. 84 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 FORCED CIRCULATION In designing the pipe lines for forced-circulation systems, the same methods and formulas are used to determine pressure heads and friction heads which are used in the design of gravity-flow systems, with the one exception that in forced-circulation systems the force producing the necessary pressure head is supplied partly or entirely by a pump. The designing engineer should determine, in every case, what portion, if any, of the force necessary to produce the required pressure head will be supplied by gravity. For example, in a central heating system; Central Station 1,00Q000 L#--fC --4-1A ipoqoai 6' 11--' zi B 1,50 qooc 6' S3t. 1 Sect tor Length 1000 Btub Pipe size Vfelocity rriction Head feet per hr. inches ft per sac in.af water 5' O-A 339 f 2,500 6 715 34.75' A-B 346 1 1.500 6 655 69.20 e>-c. 339 10.500 6 6.00 6441 C-D >39 9,000 5 7.44 10 5.09 D-E 346 6,000 5 660 96.66 E.-F 339 7.000 5 570 71.19 F-G 339. 3300 4t 560 7436 G-H 346 4500 41 476 6246 H-1 339 33oo 4 . 451 61,02 l-J 339 2,000 3i 354.^ 47.46 J-K 346 1,000 2i 3.43 6304 K-O 339 IZ.500 '6 7.15 6475 I Total friction head 904.63 9114.65 A 12.500000 - || 9 3i* Horae power I2.X40X 3600x550 1 1 a * |5<)0 1000000! 3' At' G it 1.000000 5' At' 1 Ti 1 500000 Fig. 37. Central Hot Water Heating System Supplying Group of Eleven Buildings the pump may supply the entire pressure head for the distributing mains while gravity may supply all or part of the pressure head for the service lines in the several buildings. In forced-circulation systems, the pressure head caused by the differ ence in density of the water, and which maintains circulation in gravityflow systems, is generally small when compared with the pressure head produced by the pump. It may be neglected in the design if it is less than 20 per cent of that produced by the pump. To illustrate, let it be required to determine the pipe size for the central hot-water heating system shown in Fig. 37. '. . 85 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The system is to supply 12,500,000 B.t.u. per hour to a group of eleven buildings with a temperature drop of 40 deg. The system is provided with a reversed return. The pipe sizes are selected so that the friction heads in the eleven circuits are practically equal. The velocity of the water varies from.3Jd to 7*^ ft. per second. The therretical horsepower required to circulate the water through the main is Fig. 38. Layout for Sizing Hot Water Mains 11.9. The table in Fig. 37 shows the calculations for one of the eleven circuits. If the circulation within the buildings is maintained by the pump, the power required therefore must be added to that already calculated. Each flow and return pipe, connecting a building and the mains, should be provided with a gate valve and a thermometer and the gate valves should be adjusted so that the temperature drop in each of the eleven buildings is 40 deg! SIMPLE RULE FOR SMALL GRAVITY SYSTEMS In designing a hot-water system for a residence or other small buildings the following simplified method by N. S. Thompson and C. A. Fuller gives good results for the usual two-pipe basement main system. 86 . jp" ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Determine the size of radiator tapping and connection from Table 49 and the size of riser and main from Table 50. To illustrate assume the layout in Fig. 38. The radiator connections determined from Table 49.are as follows: 4=1 in. B = 1 in. , C = 1)4in. D = 1 in. E = 1)4 in. F = 1)4 in. G = 1 in. H = 1)4 in. Where one radiator only is supplied the riser and mains are sized the same as the radiator connection. Where more than one radiator is supplied the pipe size is determined from Tables 49 and 50 as follows: 4=1 in. = 10 Equivalent carrying capacity : B = 1 in. = 10 " "" 20 -- 1)4 in. pipe between D and C C = 1)4 in. = 20 Equivalent carrying capacity 40 = 2 in. pipe between D and C D = 1 in. = 10 50 = 2 in. pipe between J and D Proceeding in like manner the other sections of pipe are found to be as follows: " E to F = 1 )4 in. ^ . F to G = 2 in. G to H = 2 in. H to Mains = 2)4 in. J to K = 3 in. ' Table 49. Hot Water System Pipe Sizes and Connections Pipe Size First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Fourth Floor r 1)4" 1)4" 2" 40 70 .110 180 -- 300 ` 50 80 120 195 350 . 60 90 135 210 400 70 100 150 230 500 In connection with Table 49, the following equalizing Table 50, should be used to determine the size of risers and basement mains. Table 50. Equalizing Table for Sizing Risers and Mains Size of Pipe Equivalent Carrying Capacity Size of Pipe Equivalent Carrying Capacity Yi )4" - 1" 1)4" 1)4" 2" 234" 2 .5 10 .20 30 60 110 ' 87 3" m' 4" 5" 6" 7". 8' 175 260 380 650 1050 1600 2250 * I I yw'H'1 ' Ty-Tigg - ' . 'S-fy American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925,26 ' GREENHOUSE HEATING BY HOT WATER* Generally speaking greenhouses are heated by either hot water or steam systems though the former method is the older, simpler and more common method. . Although the same tables, formulae or other data that are used to estimate the heating requirements of systems in the usual type of build ings are applicable to greenhouse heating systems, there are many dif ferences that must be kept in mind so that due allowance may be made in the specification of the plant. For instance, the highest temperatures are required at night, whereas with residence systems the maximum.temperatures are required in the day time. Greenhouse fires are banked during the day and fuel consump tion is heaviest at night in contrast to practically all other types of buildings where the fires are banked at night. Greenhouse radiation is almost exclusively made lip of piping. The temperatures demanded are almost, always below 70 deg. and with lower temperatures and radiating surface giving a higher rate of heat emission, special care must be given to the selection of the boiler. Table 51. Temperature Required for Different Purposes House Temp. Required, Dec. Fahr. General Purposes................ ....................... ............... ....................,....................... 55 to 60 Cool Greenhouse (Show)............................................... ....................................... 45 " 60 Forcing House.-.............................................. ......................................................... 60 " 65 Tropical, or Stove H............................................................................................... 65 " 70 Conservatory (General Collection) (Winter Garden)................................. 60 " 65 Palm House.-............................................................................................................ 60 " 65 Tropical Palm House.-.......................................................................................... 65 " 70 Cool Palm House.................................................................... ............................ 50 " 55 Orchid House........ ...........1....................................................................................... 65 " 70 Cool Orchid House.-............................ :............................................. ,................. 50 " 55 Rose House.......................................................................:........................................ 55 " 60 Carnation House.... ................................ -.................................... ............................ 45 " 55 Violet House..........................-............................................................ ..................... 40 " 45 Propagating House..................................................................... :........ ................. 55 " 60 Camelias and Azaleas...... ..................................................... -................ ............. 45 " 50 Cool Vinery......... ....................,............................................ ................ 1.................. Cool and Damp Early Vinery (Start January and February)................. .-.............................. 65 to 70 Second Vinery (Start February and March)............:.................................... 65 " 70 Late Vinery............................................................-............................................. ..... 65 " 70 Cool Peach House (Cold Damp Weather), Early Peach House (Start January and February)...... ...... ,...................................................................... 65 " 70 Second Peach House (Start February and March), Late Peach House (Ripen November and December).--........................... ............................... Tomato and Cucumber House___ 1..............................-................. -.................. Lettuce House--............................................. '.......................................... ............ Mushroom House........................................................:........................................... Fern House................................................................................................................ 65 " 70 65 " 70 40 " 45 55 " 60 60 " 65 Greenhouse heating section prepared ! 88 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The matter of levels also effects the design and proportions of the heat ing mains. In many greenhouse ranges the walk levels are not more than 2 ft. 6 in., or 3 ft., above the top of the boiler and where all of the radiating surface is made up of pipe coils on a level not higher than I ft. 6 in. above the floor, especially if there are short benches requiring short coils under them, special care is necessary to avoid short circuiting, or interference with the flow through low temperature drops in the short coils. ' The temperatures required in houses are given in Table 51. ESTIMATING HEATING REQUIREMENTS , Heating requirements, i.e., the amounts of radiation for. greenhouses, are not obtained by scientific calculation or intricate formulae; at least, they are no't so obtained by greenhouse specialists. In this calculation only the exposed glass surfaces and other exposed surfaces reduced to the equivalent of glass surfaces are considered. The loss of heat by conduc tion through the glass is, of course, by far the greatest loss, but there is ' another considerable loss which it is very difficult, if not absolutely impossible to calculate, that is, the loss by air leakage between the lights of glass at the laps. 'These two make up practically all of the losses. The only other losses are those through open doors and through vents. The latter are generally intentional, and used to reduce the greenhouse to the required temperature; but a change of air is necessary for plant growth, so the vents are not opened except'for reducing the inside temperature. - Modern greenhouses are glazed almost exclusively with double-thick glass in lights 16 in. wide and 24 in. long. The glazing bars, or ribs, are then usually 16 'n- center to center. The lap of the glass is % in. by eye measurement. Sometimes 24 x 24 in. glass is used, but not often, and with this size, the bow, or spring, of the glass when the wind blows is greater, and the heat loss through the laps may accordingly be greater as a consequence.' The cubic contents in ratio to the surrounding glass surface, the size and the shape are, of course; more or less factors, but as previously stated, only the glass anti glass equivalent enter into the calculation for the quantities of radiating surface. The engineer may modify somewhat the quantities so obtained because of the ratio of.the contents to the enclosing glass, or the size or shape of the structure, or because of its geographical position or its elevation, or because the greenhouse is in a particularly exposed position. The calculation is merely that of dividing the glass and the equivalent surface by the proper divisor. . WATER TEMPERATURE . The average temperature of the water in a' gravity hot-water heating system is assumed to be about 150 deg. fahr., and the average coefficient 89 I $ I American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 of transmission of the radiating surface is assumed to be 2, and as pre viously stated, only the glass and other exposed surfaces reduced to the equivalent of glass are considered in the calculation. The factors, or divisors, for glass surfaces are derived from the following formula: where r = (T - t) x G (150 - G) X 2 ' ' T = temperature desired, fahr.: t = temperature out of doors (0 deg. fahr.); 150 = temperature of water in radiating surface, fahr.: G = giass and glass equivalent surface; ' 2 = coefficient of transmission; . R = radiating surface. - From the above formula the divisors in the table following are derived: Table 52. Factors for Glass Surfaces For 70 to 75 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.0 For 65 to 70 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.28 For 60 to 65 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 2.62 For 55 to 60 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 3. . For 50 to 55 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 3.46 For 45 to 50 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 4.For, 40 to 45 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 4.67 For 35 to 40 deg. divide sq. ft. of glass and equivalent by 5.5 ` . It will be noted that the temperatures given in the table are not 75 deg., 70 deg., 65 deg., etc., but 70-75 deg., 65-70 deg., 60-65 deg., etc. Greenhouses are so very sensitive to wind and so very unamenable to exact calculation that the initiated greenhouse man allows himself o deg. as leeway or as a factor of safety, and when he intends to heat to 60 deg. he specifies 55-60 deg. Greenhouses do not respond exactly to figures in various ways: The same amount of glass may in two different houses enclose vastly different volumes; the air loss between the laps, though probably never calculated, may be quite different per square foot of glass in two houses of the same size, design and construction, on account of the difference in workman ship or of glass quality, or of both. The humid atmosphere of greenhouses --and for some purposes the atmosphere is much more humid than for others, as for instance, for rose growing--at some temperatures causes the laps to seal with condensation, checking, or stopping the air loss through the laps. At other temperatures these laps are sealed with ice and the inside surface of the glass is entirely frosted over so that its conductivity is changed. It may be much more difficult to heat a greenhouse at 15-20 deg. above zero, or even at 25 deg. above zero, with the wind blowing, than at zero or below, because the low temperature house may be sealed with ice, as stated. And so, the same formula will not work out exactly . 90 . -'A? ^ American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' , , . for outside temperatures below zero; and in some parts where the mini mum outside temperature is above zero, or where the minimum of zero is rarely reached and then for short periods only, as in some Southern states, while it is true that the same amount of heat is required to offset the low outside temperature, the duration of the cold spell is so very short that it is unnecessary; to pipe the houses or to provide boilers as large as the same house or houses would require further North. RATIO OF AIR CONTENT TO GLASS SURFACE The ratio of air content of the greenhouses to the glass surfaces increases with the width, so the number of changes of air through laps of glass, however many they may be, are less per hour with a wide house than with - a narrow one, and the experienced heating man knows this and judiciously omits a line or two of pipe in very wide houses, after having divided the glass surface by the proper divisor. Fig. 39 shows in section two conventional, even span, adjacent green houses of the ridge and furrow, or saw-tooth type, converted by extending the roof lines until they bisect each other, into one even span house; and the sketch also shows at once that above the eaves line the cubic contents contained by the same amount of glass in the large house is just twice the quantity contained above the eaves lines in the two small ones, and, obviously, it requires less heat units to heat the one large house than it does the two small houses, although the glass surfaces are the same. But how much less heat? Who can say? Glass laid by eye measurement, and glass of varying quality are inconstants. A talkie compiled for purposes of comparing the cubic contents and the glass surfaces in the roofs of the houses in widths of-20 to 80 ft. shows that in the 20 ft. houses: . `. ' Glass : Contents : : 1 :2.34 whereas in 80 ft. houses, with the same roof pitch: -Glass : Contents : : 1 : 9.8 ` Greenhouse radiation is almost always made up of pipe surface-- horizontal pipe placed on the side walls, on the sides of solid beds and under raised benches, sometimes on the columns supporting the roof. KINDS OF PIPE Steam mains are usually carried overhead on columns, sometimes with the return mains in trenches. The greenhouse heating engineer and con tractor uses 3J/J-in. cast iron pipe mainly for private greenhouse heating with hot water. This pipe holds about 2 qt. per lineal foot, and the super ficial surface is about 1.05 sq. ft. to the lineal foot. This pipe is very popular for heating private greenhouses with water for two reasons: (1) it holds so much water that it cools slowly and does not require close 91 ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 __ a * attention through the night when a fireman or watchman is not employed; (2) because of its great durability. Cast iron pipe outlast wrought iron or wrought steel pipe in the humid atmosphere of greenhouses. The greenhouse heating contractor divides the quantity of glass and glass equivalent in the section of the greenhouse by the proper factor from the Table 52 for the temperature desired, and accepts the result obtained as the required number of lines of 3J4-in. cast Iron pipe, this size providing about 1 sq. ft. of surface to the lineal foot of pipe (1.05 sq. ft.). In most commercial greenhouses, 2-in. pipe is used for hot-water heat ing, and where the houses are not too long, or there are not too many of them, 2-in. pipe does not, of course, hold the same quantity of water as 3in., and therefore requires a little closer attention. Its cost, how ever, is considerably less; hence it is used in commercial ranges. The coils are constructed, for hot-water heating, of parallel lines with the number of flows equal to the number of return lines. Two-inch pipe coils are constructed of pipes 434 in. center to center, horizontally and vertically. It is desirable to place the bulk of the piping on the sides of the house, and the remainder of it about evenly distributed under the plant benches or on the sides of the solid beds, the main idea being to produce a proper transmission of heat across the full width of the house with due regard to the shape of the roof, its greatest cooling surface. POSITION OF RADIATION Greenhouses are piped in all sorts of ways to suit the great number of different ideas of greenhouse operators; to suit their different ideas on the subject of plant bench or plant bed arrangement which arrange ments govern largely the location and arrangement of the piping; and to suit the special requirements of the plants or flowers to be grown in the houses. In short, it may be said that the greenhouse heating engineer does not always place the piping, the radiating surface, just where it belongs, but he does put it where he may or where the operator's plant arrangement permits. As intimated, there are many problems <3f distribution of coils. When they must be large or long, and small or short coils served by the same mains, care must be taken to avoid short circuits through the short coils. Long pipe coils always present the problem of taking care of expansion. The coils need not be graded very considerably in order to produce circulation; pitch, or grade, is required to produce high points where air may collect and be released. ' A grade, or pitch, of J'jjth of an inch in 10 ft. is ample. There is a dearth of dependable data and rules for the sizing of mains with which to connect the coils with the boiler or boilers, owing to the fact that greenhouse heating uses more pipe for radiating surface with 92 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 less head or elevation than is required or used with any-other type of gravity heating. When the size of the system is so large as to call for large mains, say 7 in. pipe, or larger, it may generally be stated as a fact that the system is a little too large for gravity hot-water heating. Greenhouses should then be heated with steam, or at any rate the cir culation should be accelerated by means of a. centrifugal pump or hotwater circulator or accelerator, because large mains in gravity hot-water heating systems almost always present difficulties in the way of distinct self-contained circulations and counter currents. For steam heating, l)4-in. pipe is used almost exclusively, and the greenhouse man has found that where one line of 3)4-in. pipe is required to produce a certain specified temperature with hot water as the heating medium, one line of 1 )4-in. steam pipe at 0.5 lb. pressure will do the same work. This fact is inconsistent with the application of the divisors given ^ Fig. 39. Sketch Shows Relation of Cubic Contents and Roof Glass Surfaces for quantities of radiation, but the difference is probably accounted for by the fact that 134-in. pipe, being of so much higher temperature, is better distributed. Much of it is distributed in single lines; most of it in flat coils, and seldom in two rows, one over the other, and even then the coils are constructed so as to provide drainage, with a pitch from the supply end'to the return bends at the opposite end, and back from the return bends to the return header, so that the coils converge and are not close together. The pipe lines do not, therefore, interfere with each other in radiating their heat. Furthermore, with the proper boiler it is easily possible to increase the pressure as desired. LARGE RANGES HAVE STEAM SYSTEMS Hot-water heating was used almost exclusively 20 to 25 years ago. Now the use of hot-water heating is confined to private ranges and to small and medium-sized commercial ranges. It is practically never used in large commercial greenhouse ranges. Its cost would be prohibitive. Hot water is, of course, much more economical in small houses, but in American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 large ranges a properly designed hot-water plant and a properly designed steam system would be equally economical, but the first cost of hot water is very much above the first cost of steam. In very large ranges vacuum steam heating is frequently used. This permits the use of smaller mains, smaller return connections and has the advantage of quick circulation, and immediately responds to sudden demands. - 94 Chapter V WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ANP PIPING THE lack of data upon which to base water pipe sizes for plumbing fixtures, branches and mains is probably due to the great number of variables which enter into their proper determination. Plumbing fixtures in common use, having what is known as good water flow, deliver the quantities of water per outlet as given in Table 53. Table 53. Cold Water Branch Supply Sizes for Fixtures and Maximum Flow in Gallons per Minute Number of Fixtures 1 2 4 8 12 16 24 32 40 Water Closets-- mGal. ner Min. 8 16 24 48 60 80 96 128 150 Tanks Pipe Size................................................... K X 1 ix 1X 2 2. 2 Gal. oer Min. - 30 50 80 120 140 160 200 250 300 Flush Pine Size - IX m 2 .2 2 2K 2X 2K Valves Urinals-- 6 Tanks Pipe Size X X 1 IX IK IK m 2 2 Gal. per Min..... ........................ .... ....... 26 37 45 75 85 100 125 150 175 Flush Pine Size 1 IX IX IX ix 2 2 .2 2 Valves Lavatories and Wash Sinks-- Based upon Each Faucet Gal. per Min. 4 8 12 24 30 40 48 64 75 Pipe Size.............. .................................... >4 k K 1 1 IK IX 1M IX Bath Tubs-- Gal. oer Min. . Pine Size - 15 30 40 80 96 112 144 192 240 k 1 ik IK 2 2 2 2X 2X Shower Baths-- Gal. ner Min. R` 16 32 64 96 128 192 256 320 8" rain Pipe Size................................................ .. K K IK ix 2 2 2K 2K 3 Head Acid and Slop Sinks, Manufacturing. Kitchen and Laundry-- Gal. ner Min. 15 25 40 64 84 96 120 150 200 per bibb Pipe Size H IK 1H IX 2 2 2 2X per bibb Note.--The above sizes are based upon a pressure drop of 30 lb. per 100 ft. In estimating risers and mains, the number of gallons for W. C. and urinals where flush valves are used are to be as given for tanks when the number of flush valves fed by any one main or riser is 8 or more and below this number the quantity is to be determined by adding 20 per cent to the tabular Quantity for one flush valve for each succeeding flush valve, up to the quantity given in this table for 8 tanks. The hot water faucets are to be disregarded when estimating cold water risers and mains, except for those carrying the cold water supply to hot water generators. . - Water flowing in pipes is retarded by friction, the extent of which' depends upon the velocity, which is the cause of unsatisfactory service when pipes are too small. The amount of head necessary to overcome this friction is known as the friction head, which is usually expressed in feet. It is also known as pressure drop, usually expressed in lbs. per sq. in. per 100 ft. of pipe. The total pressure needed to discharge a given Material for this section furnished for The Guide by W. S. Timmis. New York and Perry West, Newark, N. J. ' - 95 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . quantity of water is the pressure necessary to overcome friction in the pipes (when horizontal) plus the static pressure when the discharge is higher than the supply. Table 56, column 1, gives the vertical rise in feet to any fixture up to 150 ft. in height; column 2, gives'the static head in lb. per sq. in. corre sponding with the vertical rise. The underlying principle involved in determining the proper pipe sizes for mains, risers and branches is to so regulate the size of these pipes that they will carry the maximum amount of water required of them and absorb by friction and static head, all the pressure at the source and still deliver water at the fixture in sufficient quantity but at a pressure prac tically equalling zero or slightly above except that due to velocity of flow through the fixture. . Table 53 gives the'amount of water in gallons which should flow per minute for the number of.fixtures indicated of each different type, together with the branch pipe size necessary to carry this amount of water with a pressure drop of 30 lb. per 100 ft. of run. The vdlume of water required pier fixture is reduced as the number of fixtures in each group is increased, to take care of the factor of probable use. In estimating the pipe size for any part of a riser in a building of several stories, take 60 per cent of the water to be used on any floor and all floors above as determined from Table 53 and deduct 10 per cent for each floor above. This reduction in estimated amount is to take care of probable use. Thus, if 100 gallons are used on each floor of a 10-story building the size or pipe will be determined as follows: , Table 54. Water Risers for Manufacturing Buildings, Loft Buildings, Apartment Houses, Hotels G. P. M. G. P, M. Pipe Size with 10 Lb. Drop 10th Floor 10 and 9 10 and 9 and 8 10 to 7 inch 10 " 6 * 10 5 " 10 * 4 10* 3 * 10 2 * 10 1 " 100 x 0.60 60% 60 200 x 0.60 90% - 108 300x0.60 80% = 144 400 x 0.60 70% - 168 500 x 0.60 60% 180 600 x 0.60 50% - 180 700 x 0.60 - 40% - 184 800 x 0.60 40% - 192 900 x 0.60 . 40% - 216 1000 x 0.60 40% - 240 2" 2 X". 2H' 3' 3' 3' 3' 3* 3' 3" Note.--For residences, use Table 53, and for the main supply use 25 per cent of total of gallons used by ' fixtures and then take pipe size from Table 55 on a basis of 10 lb. pressure drop per 100 ft. or less if water supply pressure is less than 50 lb. The pressure drop of 30 lb. per 100 ft. of run will give satisfactory results for branches on the top floor but a higher pressure drop can be used on.floors below corresponding with the pressures as given in Table 55 which show that for a building 100 ft. in height, a pressure drop of 100 lb. can be used on the fixture lowest branches and that for a building 50 ft. in height, a pressure drop of 52 lb. can be used on the lowest fixture branches; Table 53, however, can be used with safety on any of the floors but will give pipe sizes larger than necessary, for the lower floors in a very tall building. 96 American Society of Heating and.Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 55. Pipes may be Sized for Giving any Desired Pressure Drop per 100 Ft. . ' of Run Friction Pressure Drop Lb. per Sq. In. per 100 Ft. Run ' X Pipe Sizes in Inches 1 IX . IX 2 2X 3 3H 4 Gallons per Minute 5 7. 10 20 30 40 50 .75 100 . 125 150 5.4 6.4 7.6 10.8 13.2 15.0 17.0 21.0 24.0 27.0 30.0 11 13 15 22 27 31 35 43 49 55 60 19 23 27 38 47 54 60 74 85 96 105 30 36 43 61 76 86 96 117 136 152 166 62 74 88 125 153 176 197 242 278 311 341 109 129 154 218 267 308 345' 423 485 544 598 171 203 242 343 420 485 542 665 769 858 939 252 298 357 504 618 714 800 978 1130 1260 1380 353 418 499 706 864 998 1115 1365 1578 1765 1930 Table 56. Showing Water Pressure Required to Deliver Water to Top of Vertical Riser with 15 Lb. Pressure at the Top Branch Vertical Rise of Water from Main to Highest Fixture Branch Static Head in Lb. per Sq. In. Water Pressure in Lbs. Required to Deliver Water to Top of Riser with 15 Lb. Terminal Pressure 5 Lb. Pressure Drop per 100 Ft. 7 Lb. 10 Lb. 20 Lb. 30 Lb. 0 10 20 30 . 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 0 4.33 8.66 12.99 17.32 21.65 25.99 30.32 34.65 38.98 43.31 47.64 51.97 56.30 60.63 64.96. 15 20.5 25 29.5 35 39.5 44 49.5 54 58.5 64 68.5 73 77.5 83 87.5 . 15 20.7 25.4 30.1 35.8 40.5 45.2 50.9 55.6 60.3 66 70.7 75.4 80.1 85.9 90.5 15 21 26 31 37 42 47 53 58 63 69 74 79 84 90 95 15 22 28 34 41 47 53 60 64 72 79 85 91 97 104 . UO 52 89 Note.--The water pressures giveninabove table are the pressures at the base of the riser, necessary to deliver water to top of riser with a terminal pressure of 16 lb., when discharging the number of gallons per minute called for in Table 55, at the pressure drop indicated. The following examples show how to use Table 55: Example.--What are the sizes required for mains and branches in a building 100 ft. high, supplied with a water pressure of 75 lb. per sq. in. with 100 gal. of water per minute required on each floor? This is worked out in Table 54 and gives the pipe sizes for the main riser with a 10 lb. drop for 100 ft. of run and shows that a 3 in. main, reduced to 2 in., would be required: branches to, the various groups of fixtures can be taken from Tables 55 and 56. On the top floor it will be necessary to use a in. branch to carry 60 gal. per min. with a pressure drop of 30 lb. but that at 30 ft. vertically from the supply, a 1in. branch pipe will carry 60 gal. per minute, therefore 1}4 in. pipe could be selected for this branch. Assuming that the pressure drop in the main riser is 10 lb. per 100 ft. run and the pressure drop on the top floor in the branch does not exceed 15 lb. in all and the static head for building 100 ft. as given in column 2 of Table 56 is 43.31 lb. making a total of 58.31 lb.; it will be seen that 75 lb.--58.31 lb., which.equals 16.59 lb., is the amount of pressure oyer and above that required, and that this pressure can be utilized to overcome the friction drop in the main feed line running from the source of supply to the base of the riser. .. From Table 54 it is found that 240 gal. pier min. will flow at the first floor, and assuming that this water supply is to be brought in a main 300 ft. long; Table 55 will show that a 3^ in. supply would be necessary. , 97 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 WHEN TANK IS ON ROOF If tank is elevated about 35 ft. above highest fixture, which would be about 25 ft. above the roof, similar computations will apply for branch connections and main risers except that the main riser will have- its greatest diameter at the top. It will be seen that 35 ft", elevation will give the necessary 15 lb. pressure at the highest fixture, and that the pressure drop may be made equal to the static head from the top fixtures down, or 40 lbs. per 100. . FRICTION IN ELBOWS Friction caused by elbows should be added to straight pipe friction. Each elbow in a line will add friction equal to a length of straight pipe forty times the diameter of the pipe: Pipe Size............................... ' 1 114 134 2 234 Equivalent length of straight pipe in feet___ .2.5 3.3 4.1 5 6.7 8.3 3 334 4 10 11.7 13.3 The water supply formula herewith makes it possible to accurately compute the flow of water in gallons through any pipe with any friction head and also gives formula for the additional head due to water entering the main, which, if extremely accurate calculations are necessary, should be added to the head required for friction; generally, however, this can be neglected as it is comparatively small. WATER SUPPLY FORMULA . CF = Cu. ft. per min. discharged G = Gal. per min. discharged ^, H -- Friction head of water in feet = pressure X 2.31; if water is raised vertically, deduct number of:feet raised, from head due to pressure. . L = Length of pipe in feet--including horizontal and vertical runs. CF - 0.16 -*/(3d)5 X 3 H \ L (1) (CF)1 X L .0768 (3d)5 (3) G - 1.2 JW5 X 3 H >L (2) ,, (Gy XL 4.32 (3d)5 (4) The above formula neglects the head due to entry, which need not be computed except when L is very short. Hi -- head due to entry in'feet.. H,. / 0.83 \d* x Gy n) or Hi / 6.25 CF\* \d2 X 13/ Example.--Required the discharge, of a 2 in. main with pressure 30 lb. 100 ft. hori zontal run and 30 ft. vertical run. . H = 30 X 2.31 - 30 = 39.3. Formula (2) G = 1 2^ X 3 X 39.3 = 100.8 \ 1100C0 + 30 In the above case the head due to entry would be Hi /0.83 X 100.8V 2.56 ft. \2 X 2 X 13/ Usually this can be neglected except for very close calculations. . 98 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . HOT WATER SUPPLY Tables 57, 58 and 59 give the hot water requirements for several kinds of buildings in terms of gallons per maximum hour and per day. Pipe sizes for hot water systems may be calculated from the foregoing data on cold water systems; using the same quantities for the gallons of hot water required per min. as is given for the cold water. It may be . borne in mind that a column of hot water is lighter than one of cold water amounting to about ft. per 100 ft. in the height of columns of equal weight. In case the cold water must first be fed down from roof tanks to heaters in the basement and then back up to the top floor fixtures, the extra length of run must be taken into consideration. As a check on the total quantity of hot and cold water required per day it is well to know that this generally runs from 2 to 3 times the amount of hot water re quired, and from 80 to 100 gal. per occupant of the building. Table 57. Hot Water Requirements for Apartment Buildings Class Lavatories Hot-Water Fixtures per Apartment Bath Tube Showers Over TubB Kitchen Sinks Laundry Trays Separate Showers Gallons Hot Water per Apartment per Maximum Hour ' *A i 1 i i 2 0 25 A2 2 i 1 2 0 30 A: 2 2 2 i 2 0 35 A2 1 1 1 2 1 55 B1 1 0 1 2 0 20 C1 1 0 1 i 0 15 Note.--The quantity of hot water required per day is usually about 10 times the maximum hour requirement. . Table 58. Hot Water Requirements for Hotels - Class Gallons Add por Kitchens per Meal Capacitt Add for Laundry Hot Water Per H. W. perH. W. Fixture per Fixture Maximum per Day ' Hour Per Day Per Maximum Hour Per Piece . per Day Per Washer Per Washer per per Day Maximum Hour High-Class Transient......... Medium-Class Transient. Apartment Hotels............... 85 70 50 6.8 6.5 5.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.80 0.60 1.0 1.0 1.0 1200 1000 1000 250 200 200 . ' Note.--Instantaneous demand rate for laundry washers from 25 to 50 gallons per minute. Table 59. Hot Water Requirements for Office Buildings . Class Hot Water per Hot-Water Fixture Per Day Pa* Maximum Hour Having Hot Water in public toilets only...... ....................... Having Hot Water in Private Offices as well as in Public For Self-Closing Hot Water Fixtures Deduct .. .. 50 30 ' 40% 5.0 3.0 25% 99 American Society 0/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 As a check on the sizes of hot water mains, Table 60 will give safe sizes for gravity systems fed from roof tanks set not less than 20 ft. from the water line in tanks to the highest fixtures. Table 60. Gallons per Maximum Horn- 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2500 3000 Sizes of Hot Water Mains Size of Hot W^ter Main, fnches 2 214 2X 3 3 3)4 3 'A 4 4 Chapter VI STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING BOILERS THE boiler is one of the most important parts of any heating system and its selection; as to type, size, rating, capacity, draft require ments, firing periods, kinds of fuel, principles of operation, efficiency and construction, should be made with great care. TYPES OF BOILERS \ 100 Broadly speaking' three types of heating boilers are commonly used. Sectional Boilers, may be of the rectangular pattern with vertical sections, or of the round pattern with horizontal sections. They are usually constructed of cast iron; because of its great resistance to cor rosion, pitting, and similar forms of deterioration under average water and atmospheric conditions. They require small amount of floor space and head room and have low water lines. Their water capacity is small . and being divided into thin waterways they heat up and steam quickly. On account of their sectional construction and the usual practice of being shipped knocked down and assembled on the job, they are easily handled through small openings at any stage of construction. Their design also facilitates the removal and replacing of damaged parts as well as an increase or decrease in capacity by the addition or removal of sections. Most sectional boilers are comparatively cheap in first cost but the labor of assembling is a factor which must be considered. TJie Fire Tube Boiler, which may be of ,the horizontal tubular brick set pattern, the horizontal tubular fire box pattern (with or without supple mentary brick setting), the vertical tubular brick set pattern or the vertical tubular fire box pattern. . Fire tube boilers are usually constructed of steel, which shows the greatest resistance to splitting, cracking of similar stress due to the 1 expansion and contractional strains of temperature differences of too 1 j excessive pressures, or temperature. They are well adapted to oil burning on account of this resistance the wide temperature ranges I encountered with this type of fuel. They have large water and steam spaces so that while they may heat up and steam slowly they retain heat and supply steam for comparatively long periods with a receding fire, thus tending to compensate for fluctuations in firing by the fly wheel effect of their water and steam capacities. Their large steam capacity also tends to prevent priming and fluctuation of;the water line. They are comparatively steady under sudden and wide variations in load conditions and require little attention on this account. Steel boilers may be built for high or low pressure and are therefore, flexible in converting from one pressure to another. 101 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fire tube boilers may be of the direct tube, return tube or a combina tion of direct and return tube type and have any desired ratio between grate and heating surface. Generally this type of boiler is very efficient in operation, moderate in first cost and may be operated to at least 150 per cent of normal rating without difficulty or decreased efficiency. The Water Tube Boiler, which may be of the horizontal brick set pattern with either horizontal or cross drums, the vertical brick set pattern, the bent or inclined tube brick set pattern, or the self contained fire box pattern with any one of the above arrangements of tubes. Water tube boilers are usually constructed with steel or iron tubes, steel drums and either steel, cast steel or cast iron headers. On account of the smaller diameter of drums and the fact that the tubes are the only parts to come into direct contact with the hot furnace gases it is generally felt that this type of boiler is safer to operate, especially on high pressure. They heat up and steam rapidly but also lose their heat and steam pressure quickly. The water and steam spaces are moderate and their performance on rapid and wide variations of load is accordingly fair. The principal heating surface consisting of tubes with the water inside and the heated gases outside, is easy to clean from the inside with hy draulic or pneumatic tube cleaners and from the outside with steam or air jet soot blowers although with highly scaling waters the scale formation on the inside of a small tube may be comparatively rapid. The water line is generally high and considerable space and head room is required. On account of being constructed with drums and banks of tubes they may be shipped knocked down and be assembled on the job, thus passing through small openings at any stage of the construction. The sectional construction facilitates repairs or increase and decrease in capacity. This type of boiler is efficient in operation, comparatively high in first cost, but may be operated to 200 per cent of the usual normal rating without undue loss in efficiency. It is especially adapted to the larger plants where higher pressures are required. SIZE, RATING AND CAPACITY OF BOILER These three words are sometimes used indiscriminately to designate any one of the three things for which they should be used. The size of a boiler should indicate its physical dimensions, i.e. the size of a sectional boiler may be the inches in width or a rectangular fire box or the inches in the diameter of a round fire pot, combined1 with the number bisections; the size of a return tubular boiler is usually the inches in the diameter by the feet in the length of it shell combined with the number and size of tubes. The sizes of fire box boilers are usually arbitrary figures based on heating surface and grate surface. The size of a water tube boiler is generally stated in horse power, or the number of tubes wide by the number of tubes high with the size and length of tubes. All of these are intended to designate the physical size and dimensions of the particular boiler and not its rating or capacity as it will be seen that these are quite different things.- While the size or number of a boiler may give only one or more of its physical dimensions it must be the key from which all of the necessary physical dimensions may be obtained by corresponding references in tables or drawings. ' . 102 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The rating of a boiler is the measure of what it will do under certain conditions. The manufacturers rating is the measure which the manu facturers place upon the performance of their own boilers; this may be given for one or more well defined sorts of conditions or for what the manufacturers may choose to consider average working conditions with out definition. The ratings of low pressure boilers are usually stated in terms of the number of square feet of standard cast iron direct radiation the boiler will supply with steam or hot water, referred to conditions when the plant is heated up and operated under stable conditions with the radiation in still air at 70 deg. fahr and all proper allowances made for the added load of piping and connections. These ratings are usually for an 8 hour or other stated firing period and for hard coal or other stated fuel with allow ance factors for other lengths of firing periods and for other kinds of fuel. In connections with most rating the chimney or draft requirements corresponding to the ratings are given. Most manufacturers rating tables give the square feet of grate surface and some give the square feet of heating surface in the boilers. Unfortunately there are wide differences in the ratings of boilers by the various manufacturers due largely to the fact that there has never been a full and complete cooperation in the establishment of a standard code on which to rate. It is hoped that the proposed code which is being developed jointly by the American Society of Heating and Ventilat ing Engineers, the Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers Association, the Heating and Piping Contractors National Association, and others interested will supply this long felt want. In the meantime there are certain physical data about the rating of boilers which may be used to assist in the selection of proper ratings for various services. The most important factors involved are: 1. Square feet of grate surface which determines the pounds of coal that can be burned'per hour under any set of draft and firing conditions. On the basis of from 6 to . 8-hour firing periods for low-pressure heating boilers using nut, egg or stove sizes of anthracite coal and with the usual draft of from )/% to % in. water (depending on the size of boiler and coal used) the usual rate of combustion is from 5 to 20 lb. of coal per square foot of grate per hour, depending upon .the size and type of boiler and ranging from the lower:rate for small boilers to the higher rate for large boilers. From 25 per cent to 35 per cent more soft coal may be burned under similar conditions. Under average working conditions from 7500 for small boilers to 8500 B.t.u. for large boilers, per pound of coal.burned will be transferred to the heating medium so that the square feet of grate by the rate of combustion by the B.t.u. transferred per pound of fuel will give the normal rated output of the boiler in B.t.u. per hour. This output divided by 240 for steam and 180 for water (which corresponds to the B.t.u. transmitted per hour per square foot of steam and hot water radiation respectively, under standard conditions) will give the normal rating of the boilers in terms of the radiation which it will carry as based upon the grate surface only. For other.conditions as to firing periods, fuels and draft the following may be used. . Where fires are constantly attended the maximum practical rates of combustion corresponding to a draft of 1 in. of water through the fuel bed may be taken as follows and the rates of combustion for other intensities of draft to vary as the square root of the draft. ' Small anthracite coal........... . Large sizes anthracite coal___ Run of mine soft coal.............. Large sizes of soft coal............ 20 lb. per sq. ft. of grate 25 u "" " 25 " " " . " " 30 " " " " American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Practical rates of combustion run from 5 lb. per sq. ft. of grate in small heating boilers to 40 lb. per sq. ft. of grate in large power boilers depending upon the fuel and draft. 2. Square feet of heating surface which determines the capacity of the boiler for transferring heat from fuel to heating medium. This may be divided into prime heating surface (in direct contact with the fuel bed and its direct radiation) and secondary heating surfaces in contact with the heated gases, only. In an ordinary three-pass boiler, from 60 to 80 per cent of the total heat is transferred by the surface in the first pass, which means that approximately this1 one-third of the surface transmits at a rate of from four to five times that of the remaining two-thirds of the surface. AH or a part of the other two-thirds may be and is frequently, more or' less omitted as it is seen that this can be done without decreasing the capacity more than 30 per cent or the efficiency more than 20 per cent. Any omission of this surface increases stack temperatures and decreases the efficiency of the boiler. A long-established rule for the rating of high-pressure boilers on the basis of their heating surface is to allow 10 sq. ft. of heating surface per boiler horsepower of 34.5 lb. of water evaporated from and at 212 deg. fahr. per hour. This means B.t.u. per 10 hour sq. ft. of heating surface. On this basis the rating of heating boilers would equal 3346.5 multiplied by the square feet of heating surface in B.t.u. per hour. Heating boilers are seldom rated on this basis as the ratio of prime to secondary surface, the design and arrangement of surface are so different in the various types of boilers and there is no well-established practice as to stack temperatures and efficiencies upon which uniform ratings may be based. While this basis is still used for the nominal rating of high-pressure boilers it is not in effect since usual practice is to operate at from 150 to 300 per cent of this normal rating, which may be successfully done, with proper arrangement of furnace and heating-surface, without serious loss in efficiency. 3. The capacity of the fire-box for fuel and the capacity of the combustion chamber for proper combustion at the full boiler rating. The capacity for fuel must be sufficient for the necessary charge to run from one firing period to another without forming too deep a bed of fuel and ash on the grate to permit the passage of sufficient air for prop>er com bustion with the available draft and at the same time leave sufficient sp>ace for proper combustion. In the case of oil fuel the capacity of combustion chamber should be sufficient so that the flame does not impinge upon the walls or heating surface. 4. In adjusting the boiler to the load care must be exercised to see that all of the con ditions to be met are taken into account and proper factors of safety are allowed for heating-up the building. A heating boiler designed for the maximum conditions will be operating under a comparatively low load factor for the greater part of the time and may be correspon dently inefficient and uneconomical, unless properly designed to meet these conditions. In the smaller plants this is hard to overcome without either having a boiler too large for economy or too small to properly heat the building up in a reasonable time. This is sometimes attempted by having the normal capacity of the boiler about 80 per cent of that required for maximum conditions. In order to make this successful the boiler plant must be adapted to operate successfully on at least 50 per cent overload for short periods. In larger plants the boilers may be divided into two or three units, so that one unit may be operated during mild weather, one or two units during average weather and the entire plant during extreme weather which arrangement is ideal for flexibility and economy. In office buildings, factories and other work places, it is not generally considered so- necessary to have the temperature up to normal at the beginning of the working period as it is in schools, churches, theatres and other places of assemblages where the occupants are sitting still, and for this reason the relative capacity of the heating system may be less. In school buildings and other buildings where the heating of the air for ventilation is a large part of the load, this factor may be greatly reduced by recirculating this air during the heating-up period, so that while the entire normal average load on the building may be from two to three times as much for heating the air as for supplying thedirect radiation the heating-up load for the air may be reduced to from one-half to one-third of its normal value so that the total load may not be more than twice the direct radiation load. By continuous recirculation arranged to vary the amount of air taken in from the outside from 100 per cent at an outside temperature of 65 deg. to 25 per cent at an 104 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 outside temperature of 6 deg. the boiler capacity required for heating the air may be held practically constant at about 25 per cent of that required for 100 per cent of air from the outside. ' The following factors of safety are recommended in the selection of boilers: . . . For school buildings where recirculation is not to be employed 50 p>er cent to 100 p>er cent. For school buildings where full recirculation is to be employed 25 per cent to 50 p>er cent. For buildings heated periodically 50 per cent to 100 per cent. For other buildings 25 per cent to 50 per cent. 5.In figuring the total load on the boilers the equivalent of the piping system in square feet of radiation must be added to the actual radiation and all other heat-using elements must also be added for. In the absence of exact data from 10 p>er cent to 15 per cent is usually added for the average piping systems. The capacity of a boiler should state what it is capable of doing under certain conditions; the normal capacity under normal conditions and the maximum capacity under maximum conditions. The draft requirements of a boiler are for forcing the air through the grates and fuel bed and for creating the necessary velocity and overcoming friction in passing the rases through the gas passages of the boiler. Boiler ratings should give these two factors of the draft requirements under several load conditions. As a rough guide the loss in draft through the passage of the boiler from the furnace to the smoke outlet (under full load) ranges from 0.05 to 0.15 in. water depending up>on the size and typ>e of boiler. A reliable simple formula for the chimney capacity of heating boilers is: where / C = pxmnds of coal to be burned per hour. K 10 for small chimneys and up to 15 for large ones. A = cross sectional area of chimney in square feet. H = height of chimney in feet above the grates. IMPORTANCE OF DRAFT The capacity a boiler is capable of developing depends more upon the amount of draft available than upon any other factor. Assuming that a chimney is smoke tight and well built according to the Ordinance for Construction of Chimneys, 1921 (recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters and approved by the Society), the intensity of the draft depends upon the height of the chimney, and the quantity or amount of draft depends principally upon yie effective area of the chim ney. According to their height, heating chimneys are divided into three classes, the erratic, uncertain and reliable. Chimneys less than 36 ft. high are erratic in their action. The head produced by such a low height is so small that the least unfavorable condition or interference practically puts the chimney out of commission. Chimneys between 36 ft. and 64 ft. in height are in the doubtful zone, sometimes good and sometimes bad. The head produced by this rela tively low height is frequently offset by slight unfavorable conditions that may be difficult to locate. Chimneys over 64 ft. in height are usually 105 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 reliable, because as a rule the chimney is designed by an engineer and must be well built to sustain such a heavy load and the height is such as to produce considerable head or force to offset unfavorable weather con ditions, etc. Chimneys in this class produce about 0.009 in. draft per ft. of height in zero weather with 600 deg. in the stack according to the formula: ' ' (TM-) P =H \ io *8 / where P = draft pressure in inches of water. . H = height of chimney in feet. , T0 -- absolute temperature of outside air. rs = absolute temperature of stack gases. For low-pressure heating boilers, water heaters and warm air furnaces conservative modern practice in the matter of chimney sizes is in accord ance with the_ accompanying schedule, Table 61: Table.61. Chimney Sizes Warm Air Furnace Capacity IN Leader Pipe Sq. In. Steam Boiler Capacity Sq. Ft. OF Radia tion Hot Water Heater Capacity Sq. Ft. OF Radia tion Nominal Dimen sions of FireClay Lining In. Rectangular Flue Actual Inside Dimensions of Fire Clay Lining . In. Actual Area Sq. In. Effec tive Area Sq. Im Round Flue Inside Diameter of Lining In. Effec tive Area Sq. In. Height in Ft. from Grate 790 590 973 8)4x13 7x11)4 81 70 1000 690 1140 900 1490 13x13 UKxn% 127 99 900 ' 1490 8)4x18 6^x16^ no 100 1100 1700 1820 2800 13x18 11)4x16)4 183 156 1940 2130 2480 3200 3520 4090 18x18 15J4xl5J4 248 195 20x20 . 17)4x17)4 298 234 3150 5200 4300 5000 4600 . 5570 7100 8250 7590 9190 24x24 21x21 20x24* 24x24 \ 441 480 326 576 380 5580 9200 6980 7270 8700 11500 12000 14400 24x28 28x28 672 468 784 531 9380 10150 10470 15500 16750 17250 . 30x30 28x32 900 616 896 635 11800 19500 14700 24300 17900 29500 35 10 79 12 113 40 15 177 45 18 254 50 20 314 55 60 22 380 24 452 65 27 573 30 707 70 33 855 36 1018 Dimensions below are for unlined rectangular flues. ' 106 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Chimneys recommended for larger boilers 15 to 250 hp. are propor tioned in accordance with the report made by a joint Committee of the American Boiler Manufacturers Association and Stoker Manufacturers Association and approved by these organizations. The sizes are given in Table 62) Table 62. Height of Stack for Average Installations (Sea Level) i - Forced Draft Stokers Per Cent Rating. ................................ Draft Furnace........................................... Friction Loss (Boiler)............................ Friction Loss (Breeching)..................... Total Draft Required.................. . Height of Stack (Ft.)............................. 100 0.15 0.18 0.10 0.43 80 150 0.15 0.4 0.10 0.65 112 . 200 0.15 0.65 0.10 0.90 145 250 0.15 .0.9 0.10 1.15 178 300 0.15 1.20 0.10 1.45 220 Diameter op Chimney in Inches for Horizontal Return Tubular Boilers Height of Stack in Feet--For Sea Level and 60 DEG. FAHR. OUTSIDE TEMP. ASSUMED FRIC TION Loss in Stack O.lrn. per 100 ft. Nominal H. P. 100% 150% Rating .. Rating 15 20 . 25 3Q 35 40 50 60 75 90 100 115 125 150 175 200 210 225 250 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 25 26 27 28 30 . 32 33 34 35 36 14 16 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 28 29 31 32 34 36 38 38 40 41 200% Rating 17 18 20 21 22 23 25 27 29 31 33 34 35 38 40 43 44 45 47 Draft at Base of Stack 0.12 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 100% Rating 21 26 35 43 52 60 69 78 86 95 104 112 -- 150% 200% Rating Rating 22 28 37 . 46 56 65 74 84 93 102 112 121 25 30 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 122 132 -- Data on Which Tables are Based j Rating........... . Efficiency------ 100% 65% 150% 200% 65% 63% Stack Temp, deg. fahr.............. 450 500 550 1 CO,.................. 8% 9% 10% Lbs. of Gas.............. 85 77 73 Average Friction Loss Through Boilers Per Cent Ratings....... 100 150 200 250 300 Loss Ins., Water.--....... 0.1to0.3 0.2to0.6 0.3to0.9 0.5tol.4 0.7tol.9 Friction loss through boiler varies according to construction. For Furnace Draft.--Allow 0.15 for. forced draft. For Natural Draft 0.35 in. or higher should be used depending upon rate of combustion and fuel used. . For Breeching Friction Loss.--Allow 0.05 in.,for each right angle bend and 0.1 in. per 100 ft. of length. Cross sectional area should be 20 per cent larger tliau that of 6tack. 107 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' Height of Stack in Feet . For Sea Level and 60 deg. fahr. Outside Temperature and 0.1 in. Friction Loss per 100 ft. Total Draft Required In. for Furnace Boiler and Breeching 100 Per Cent of Boiler Aating 150 200 250 300 __0.3 56 0.4 74 ' 69 0.5 93 86 81 0.6 111 103 97 . 0.7 130 120 113 108 0.8 148 138 129 123 0.9 155 . 145 . 139 . 132 1.0 172 161 154 147 1.1 190 177 170 162 . 1.2 194 185 176 1.3 209 . 200 191 1.4 226 216 206 . 1.5 231 221 1.6 236 1.8 265 Assumed Flue Gas Temp.................... 500. 550 600 650 700 Correction for Altitude Height Above Sea Level (Ft.) Ratio Increase in Diameter 0 1,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 1.000 1.015 1.030 1.063 1.096 1.130 1.165 Ratio Increase in Height 1.000 1.046 1.097 1.205 1.321 1.456 1.612 \ ' . 108 Chapter VII CODE FOR TESTING . LOW-PRESSURE STEAM-HEATING BOILERS . REVISION OF 1923 (Adopted by American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Jan., 1924) OBJECT OF THE CODE HE object of the Code for Testing Low-Pressure Steam-Heating Boilers is to Tprovide a standard method for conducting and reporting tests to determine the heat efficiency at various rates of steaming. ESSENTIALS NECESSARY TO DETERMINE HEAT EFFICIENCY . The essentials necessary to determine the heat efficiency of a steam-heating boiler are: ' - * la. The total heat input. ' (The total heat input is the total heat value of the fuel charged.) b. The total heat recovered at the boiler outlet. . (The total htet recovered at the boiler outlet is the total heat of the steam leaving the boiler less the total heat of the feed water entering the boiler.) PREPARATIONS FOR TEST The boiler shall be erected, covered and connected to conform to the directions and practice of the manufacturer. The piping shall be connected in such a way that the steam may be carried to.a point away from the boiler and it shall be arranged so that the condensation cannot flow back to the boiler. The moisture in the steam shall be determined by a steam separator, not less than 95 per cent efficient, placed in the steam delivery pipe as close to the boiler as possible. The piping between this separator and the boiler, also the separator itself, shall be thor oughly covered with insulating material. A pipe connected to the bottom of the steam separator shall be provided with a positive seal. The water shall be drained from the separator hourly and weighed immediately. . The steam connections between the boiler outlet and the separator shall be the same in size and arrangement as that to be used when the boiler is installed. . The water shall be fed to the boiler continuously from the feed tank through piping with all necessary valves, and all other water connections to the boiler shall be carefully blanked off. The temperature of the feed water shall be read from a thermometer inserted in a cup projecting well into the feed line near the boiler and filled with a heavy oil. AH boiler water connections, including blow-off pipes, must be exposed to view, so that leakages may be observed, and either stopped or measured. The glands of the feed pump shall be carefully packed to prevent leakage. ' Code prepared by Committee for Testing Low-Pressure Steam Hearing Boilers: John Blizard, Chairman. Homer Addaras, F. Paul Anderson, L. P. Breckenridge. P. J. Dougherty. L. A. Harding. F. B. Howell, and J. F. Mclntire. . 109 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The boiler shall be connected with a short, direct smoke-pipe to a chimney flue of suitable size, height and construction to give proper draft. The water spaces of the boiler shall be thoroughly boiled out .with a solution of sal soda, potassium hydrate or sodium hydrate and then thoroughly rinsed with clean water. The heating surface, firebox, ashpit, flues and chimney shall be clean and free from soot, ashes and dust at beginning of test. *. APPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTS Apparatus and instruments must be reliable and be arranged in such a way as to insure correct data. Tanks for measuring the feed water may be calibrated with weighed quantities of water at the temperature to be used during the test, or mounted on accurate weighing scales. The water may be fed to the boiler by gravity, by air pressure or by feed pumps, from feed-water tanks supplied from the measuring tanks by gravity. Accurate scales of suitable size shall be provided for weighing separator water,' fuel and all refuse removed from the grate and ashpit. Three draft gages shall be provided and so arranged as to determine the pressure difference at the level of inserting the pipe between the outside and the ashpit, between the outside and the firebox, and the outside and the smokehood. Draft measurements shall be made with draft gages reading to 0.01 in. ' Accurately calibrated instruments shall be provided for measuring temperatures of gases, water and steam. An Orsat apparatus shall be used for determining the flue gas composition. If record ing carbon dioxide (CO*) instruments are provided, they shall be checked every hour with the Orsat apparatus. A Ringelmann chart shall be used for smoke observations. Weather Bureau reports from the immediate vicinity may be used to determine the barometric pressure. When such reports are not available, a calibrated aneroid barom eter or mercury column shall be used for determining the barometric pressure. . A calibrated steam gage or a mercury column shall be used for determining the steam pressure. A log of the test shall be kept on record sheets similar to those provided by this Code. DURATION OF TEST The test shall continue for at least 16 hours if operated at the normal manufacturer's rating; if operated at other ratings it shall continue until as much fuel has been burned as would have been burned in a 16-hour test at normal rating. " METHOD OF STARTING . AND STOPPING TEST The New Fire Method of starting and stopping test may be used on any boiler when anthracite coal is used as fuel. All tests using other fuels shall be started and stopped by the Continuous Firing Method. New Fire Method.--A preliminary fire shall be made and the boiler operated under' test conditions for at least one hour before starting the test. The preliminary fire shall then be dumped, the ashpit thoroughly cleansed and dried wood placed on the grate and kindled. The test shall be considered started at the time of firing the charge of wood. On this charge of wood, fuel shall be placed. The wood shall be considered as having a heating value of 5000 B.t.u. per lb. The height of water line in gage glass and feed tank shall be noted and recorded at the time the preliminary fire is dumped. The waterdevel in the boiler shall be kept at this level as nearly as possible throughout 110 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 the test and the water level in the boiler and feed tank must stand at this same height when the test closes: At the end of test the fire shall be dumped. The residual fire when dumped shall be placed in tightly covered cans, weighed and left to cool. After cooling it shall be forwarded for analysis and determination of its heat value and ash content. The total fuel fired shall be taken as the total weight of fuel exclusive of the wood used for kindling, to which shall be added the fuel equivalent of the wood and from which shall be subtracted the fuel equivalent of the residual fire. The weight of the ash content of the residual fire shall be added to the weight of ash and refuse removed from the ashpit and the sum recorded as ash and refuse removed from the ashpit. Continuous Firing Method.--A preliminary fire shall be made and the boiler operated under test conditions for at least one firing period and not less than one hour before starting the test. The fire shall then be burned low, thoroughly cleansed and the remaining live fuel spread evenly over the grate as the foundation for the first test fuel charge. The thick ness of the fuel bed and the extent to which it has been burned through shall be quickly estimated or measured. The height of water line in gage glass and feed tank shall be noted and recorded. The test shall start at the time of making these observations. A weighed charge of fuel shall then be fired. The ashpit shall be thoroughly cleansed immediately and the test allowed to proceed. A constant water level and rate of steaming shall be maintained throughout the test. . . At the end of the test the fire should be burned low and cleansed so as to leave the same amount of live fuel on the grate as at the start. When this condition is reached and the water level in the boiler and feed tank are at the same height as at the start, record the time and this time shall be the time of stopping. The contents of the ashpit shall be removed promptly on stopping and placed in airtight cans, weighed and left to cool. The boiler shall be charged with all fuel charged during test. ' METHOD OF FIRING The method and frequency of firing shall be as agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. ' FUEL SAMPLING During the progress of the test, fair samples at regular intervals shall be taken with a shovel from the fuel charge, stored in a. covered vessel in a cool place, and after crushing and quartering, two one-pint glass jars or other airtight vessels shall be filled. The gross sample for slack coal and small sizes of anthracite in which the impurities do not exist in abnormal quantities or in pieces larger than % in., should weigh approx imately 500 lb. and not less than 1000 lb. for other solid fuels.1 The small samples shall be preserved for determinations of the proximate analysis, ultimate analysis and calorific value. The refuse taken from the ashpit and grate shall be reduced by crushing and quarter ing to a quantity sufficient to fill two one-pint jars or other airtight vessels for deter mining its combustible content in the laboratory. Care must be taken to crush and' quarter the coal, ash, and refuse on a clean floor; to avoid contaminating the sample a metal plate is to be preferred to a concrete floor. Care must.be taken to see that the ash and refuse does not burn after removal from the grate or ashpit. 1 As recommended by the American Society for Testing Materials. D2I--16. p. 756. 1921. The Committee on Code for Testing Low-Pressure Heating Boilers of the American Society op Heat ing and Ventilating Engineers is prepared to interpret the meaning of any items on the Code. . It is- requested that all tests be filed with the Amercian Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. -. 111 if'.1 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ' STANDARD FORM For.Reporting Results of Low-Pressure Steam-Heating Boiler Tests RESULTS Of a Test on a Low-Pressure Boiler Date of Test..... ........................... Conducted at................... .......... Director of Test..................... Manufacturer of BoilerOwner of Boiler.--................ Size of Boiler.............................. Type of Boiler........................... . (signature) GENERAL PARTICULARS OF BOILER AND FUEL Boiler Type-........................................................ :................................................................................ ;................. Made by...... ..... ,,.............................................................................................. ,......................................... Length of Grate (or Diameter)......................................................................................................... in Width of Grate.TM............................................................. in Fuel Capacity (Greatest Possible Volume)........................................................................... cu. ft Maximum FueLDepth (Greatest Possible Depth of Fuel)........................................ ;..........in Fuel Capacity Normal.................................................................................................................. cu. ft Fuel Depth Normal--................................................................... ,.......................................................in Average Distance from Top of Normal Fuel Charge to Crown Sheet................................in Total Furnace Volume, Grate to Crown Sheet and Bridge Wall.... ..............................cu. ft Total Combustion Space Beyond Bridge Wall............................................................... ....cu. ft Water Capacity (To Water Line).......................................................................................'.......... lb Height of Water Line...........................................................................................................................in Steam Connections Used |sS^n^er'".............................................................................................. in Kind of Insulation.................................................................................................... ................................ Thickness of Insulation.... .................. '....................................................................... ....................... in Detailed Description of Boiler.............................................................................................................. Smoke Pipe and Chimney Area of Smoke Pipe.TM'............................................... Length of Smoke Pipe (Boiler to Chimney)...... Number and Kind of Bends in Smoke Pipe____ Chimney, Height above Grate.............................. Chimney, Area at Bottom........................................ Chimney, Area at Top............................................... .sq. in. ....... in. ;...... ft. .sq. ft. .sq. ft. Fuel Name. Size.... Proximate Analysis Moisture......................................... percent Volatile Matter.... ................. 'per cent * Fixed Carbon.................................... percent Ash....................................................... percent \ As Fired Ultimate Analysis Carbon____......................................... percent Hydrogen.......................................... percent Oxygen._............................................. percent Nitrogen...... ............... .t................... per cent Sulphur............ .................................. percent Ash................ J................. ........ ........ per cent As Fired Moisture Free Moisture Free These forms may be obtained on request'at the office of the Secretary of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. 29 West 39th Street, New York City, at nominal cost. 112 7 American Society of Heating ami Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Heat Value (Gross) * B.t.u. per lb. as fired......................................................................... ........................................................ B.t.u. per lb. moisture free....... :............................................................................................................. B.t.u. per lb. moisture and ash free...... ............................................................................................... Character of Fuel (State whether coking or free-burning, clinker troubles, etc.) . * Method of Firing . PRINCIPAL RESULTS OF TEST Heat recovered at the boiler outlet per hour..................................:.......................... 1000 B.t.u. Maker's rating (sq. ft. radiation X 240).......................................................1000 B.t.u. per hr. Percentage of maker's rating developed-..... ..............*....................................................... per cent Mean interval between charging fuel.............................................................................. .........hours Mean interval between attention of any kind to the fire, including charging........... hours Overall thermal efficiency..... ....................... v................................................................. -..... per cent DETAILED RESULTS OF TEST (For full particulars of boiler and fuel see "general particulars" ante) General Information 1. N 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Date of Test--........ Number of Test-- Location of Boiler.-................ Maker of Boiler and Type.. Owner of Plant...... ................ Test Conducted by............... Duration of Test--.................................................................................................................... hr. Manufacturer's Rating of Boiler................................................................sq. ft. radiation1 Grate Area2.................................................................................................. ,......................... sq. ft. Barometric Pressure............................................................................................. in. of mercury Fuel 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. -17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Heat value, as fired................................................................................................B.t.u. per lb Number of Times Fuel Charged during Test........................................................................ Intervals between Charging, hrs. Longest.......... Shortest..........Average................... Intervals between Attention of any Kind to the Fire, including firing, hr. . Longest.......... Shortest.......... Average..,,.............. Average Fired per Charge*.................. ...................................................................... ..lb Depth on Grate at Start of Test____ .1.................................................................... . (After Firing)................................................................................................................... in Depth on Grate at Finish of.Test..................... .......................................................... ........ in Weight as Fired during Test*................................................................................................. lb Weight as Fired per Hour*................................. 1.............................................................. ......lb Moisture in Fuel.........................................................................................,.....................per cent Weight Fired per Hour less Moisture:* 100 - X item 19._............................................................................ ,,lb. Ash and Refuse 22. Weight of Ash and Refuse Removed from Grate...........................................................lb. 23. Weight of Ash and Refuse Removed from Ashpit .................................................. lb. 24. Total Weight of Ash and Refuse Removed4 (item 22 -|- item 23)............................................................................................. :....... lb. . 'One sq. ft. radiation to be assumed equal to 240 B.t.u. per hr. * If the grate have an unusual shape, method of computing area must be stated under "Remarks." aWhen the New Fire Method is used the equivalent fuel charged shall be given throughout. The method of obtaining this is shown at the end of this table. 4To include ash content of residual fire when New Fire Method is used. 113 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 25. Total Ash and Refuse, Percentage of Fuel as Fired............................................................ 26. Combustible in Ash and Refuse.................................................................................. per cent Temperature 27. Steam........................................................... ......................................................................deg. fahr28. Feed Water....................................................................................................:................. deg. fahr29. Gases Leaving Boiler....................................................................................................deg. fahr30. Boiler Room...... .............. .............. '......................................................... ...................... deg. fahr31. Outside Air......................... ...................................................................... ...................... deg. fahr- Draft Intensity 32. In Smokehood--........................?...........................................................-........................ in. water 33. Over Fire.............................................................................................._....... ;....................in. water 34. In Ashpit--......................................................................................................... ............... in. water Output 36. Equivalent evaporation from and at 212 deg. fahr. per lb. of dry coal fired.........lb. 37. Heat Recovered at the Outlet per hour (item 35 X 0.97)...... .....................1000 B.t.u. Steam and Water 38. Steam pressure (gage).........i.............................................................................,,lb. per sq. in. 39. Total Water Fed to Boiler during Test--.......................................................................... lb. 40. Priming: Total Water Removed from Separator, . Pdl Cent of Total Feed Water...... .................. ................ ................ :.______per cent Heat Balance 41.5 Heat to steam leaving outlet (and thermal effici ency boiler, furnace and grate)......................... 42. Heat lost by hot flue gases, exclusive of steam_____ 43. Heat lost by not burning carbon monoxide............. 44. Heat lost by steam in. flue gas.... .............................. . .45. Heat lost by combustible in ash and refuse............. 46. Heat lost by radiation..... ..........:.................................... 47. Undetermined losses and errors..--............................. 48. Total, items 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 and calorific value of dry fueU.................. ;.............................. Per lb. fuel as fired Per cent heat in fuel fired 100 Additional items, for use only with New Fire Method of starting Fuel Used 49. Weight of wood for kindling.............................................................................. .....................lb. 50. Heat value of wood............ .................. ;..... .................. ....................................... B.t.u. per lb. 51. Weight of residual fire................................................................. ........................ ....r........ lb. 52. Heat value of residual fire._..... .................................................................... ..... B.t.u. per lb. 53. Fuel value of wood f item 49 X .... ..................................... . \ item 11/ . 54. Total fuel fired during test (exclusive of wood)................................ 55. Total equivalent fuel charged during test (item 53 -j- item 54)... ..................... Ib. ..............--lb. .................... lb. 56. Fuel value of residual fire^item 51 X t-e-- ............................. \ item 11 / .....................lb. 57. Equivalent fuel used during test (item 55-- item 56, this value to be used for item 18)......................... .................. :...................... Jb. Ash and Refuse 58. Ash in residual fire (by analysis)........................................... ....................................per cent 59. Total ash content of residual fire: (""""* *?)................................................... -........... :......... ....... I--. 5Item 41. Heat to "steam," includes the heat used to raise the water removed from the separator from the feed water temperature to the steam temperature. ' '' 114 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 6Ch Total ash and refuse removed from ashpit................;....................................................... Ib. 61. Equivalent ash and refuse removed from ashpit (item 59 4- item 60, this is the value to be used for item 23)....:............................. ................ ...........lb. LOG SHEET NO. 1 ; General Sheet Test of............................................................................................. boiler with..................................coal Date.............................................................. Test No..................................... Time General Notes ' (Here will be recorded the method and times of starting and stopping, the method of firing, the difficulties encountered with ash and clinker, the times of cleaning, slicing and raking the fire, the caking and other properties of the coal, the manipulation of the dampers, etc.) 115 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Date. LOG SHEET NO. 2 Test No.______ Fuel, Ash and Refuse Detailed Record of Coal Fired During Test Time op Firing Quantity Fired, Lb. Tare Gross Net Fired in Interval, Lb. Total Fired, Lb* American Society of .Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Date ; LOG SHEET NO. 3 .... '............................................... . . Test No. Observations of Feed Water, Pressures, and Temperatures Time . Feed Water, Lb. Gross Tare Net Separator Water, Lb. Gross Tare . Net Boiler Pressure Lb. per Sq. In. Time op Removal Detailed Record of Ash and Refuse Removed Quantity Removed prom Grate Tare Gross Net Quantity Removed prom Ashpit Tare Gross Net \ Special observations for New Fire Method of starting: Weight of wood, used for kindling........:....:......................................................... ;.......................... lb. Weight of fire dumped at end........................................................................................................... lb. 116 Draft, In.--Water Below Grate Above Grate At Smokehood Boiler Room Temp. Deg. Fahr. Feed Water Temp. Dbg. Fahr. Flue Gas Temp. Deg. Fahr. Boiler gage correction Thermometer corrections Barometer: At start Correction not allowed for on sheet 117 - ' ... At finish American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . LOG SHEET NO. 4 Date....................................................................... . Detailed Record of Gas. Analysis Test No. Time COa CO2.+ Oa Oa CO2 + O2 + CO CO N . Remarks 0 . LOG SHEET NO. 5 Date....................................................... ............... . Smoke Readings - Test No. No. Time Ringelmann . Chart No. Time Ringelmann Chart * Remarks 'v I' 1 '. | : . ` ` j Chapter VIII PUMPS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING EQUIPMENT . By Perry West, Member INTRODUCTION THE various kinds of pumps ordinarily used in connection with heating and ventilating installations may be classed under the following heads: ' n ri 1. Boiler feed pumps. 2. Condensation return pumps. i 3. Return line vacuum heating pumps. . jj 4. Sump pumps. ii 5. Forced circulation hot-water heating pumps. 6. Circulating pumps for water brine, etc. 7. Refrigeration pumps and compressors. * In applying pumps to heating and ventilating systems the following points should be considered: For Boiler Feed, Pumps--the load factor, temperature of the intake | water, static head on the pump intake, total pressure against which the pump must discharge, steam pressure available for steam driven pumps, provisions for emergency and breakdown service, method of ! control; as to whether pumps should be steam, electric or power driven, depending upon the relative first costs and economies taking into con sideration the possibilities of the use of the exhaust from steam driven pumps and any difference in the cost of labor and attention required. For Condensation Return and Vacuum Pumps--method and efficiency of return trapping, degree of tightness of the system, temperature of the condensate at the pump, probable cooling effect of the return piping, lifts (if any) required in the system, length of run of piping from farthest radiator to the pump, the total pressure against which the pump must discharge the total load to be carried, the load factor, the vacuum (if any) to be carried, as to whether the pump is to be automatically controlled from the water-line in a condensate receiver from the vacuum, or from both, the static heads on the suction and discharge, provisions for emergency and breakdown service and as to whether the pump is to be steam, electric or power driven, etc., as above. For all other Pumps--the service to be performed, loads and load factors, emergency and breakdown service, methods of driving and methods of control. & Standardsfor Condensation to he Handled--The quantities of condensate i I 119 . I American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 to Be handled from direct radiation, direct-indirect radiation and indirect or fan blast radiation may be estimated as follows: where For direct radiation W = 0.3 R For direct-indirect radiation W = 0.6 R r or indirect radiation ,,, QX60XT. W = ,, g ,,-- 00.0 X H * . W = lbs. of condensate per hour, R = sq. ft. of radiation, Q = cu. ft. of air per min., T = temperature rise of air in deg. fahr. and H = the latent heat of steam in the system in B.t.u. per pound. The normal capacity of pumps to be based on condensate at a tempera ture of not over 180 deg: fahr. For temperature of condensate above 180 deg. fahr. capacity should be increased above that estimated for 180 deg. fahr. condensate as per the following Table 63. ' Table 63. Temperature of Condensate at Pump Suction Deg. fahr. 190 200 204 Factor 1.15 1.56 2.00 To use Table 63, multiply the quantity of condensate to be handled by the factor corresponding to the temperature of the condensate at the pump suction and select a pump suitable for the quantity thus found. The above increase in pump capacity may be reduced by providing a static head above the pump suction and when this static head is made equivalent to 15 ft. minus the absolute boiling pressure of the condensate (measured in feet of water) no increase is necessary. Allow sufficient head in addition to the total head necessary to over come static head, velocity head, pipe friction and boiler pressure, wherever condensate is to be returned direct to a boiler from the pump. BOILER FEED PUMPS Types.--Boiler Feed Pumps may be of the following types: .. . .V 1. Direct actingsteam driven reciprocating pumps. 2. Power driven reciprocating pumps. 3. Centrifugal pumps. 4. Screw pumps. - ; Capacities.--The capacity of a boiler feed pump should be based on 34.5 lb. of water per hour per maximum boiler horsepower served, with a slippage allowance of 10 per cent in the water cylinders and a factor of safety allowance of 2 for intermittently operating pumps and a factor of safety allowance of 1)4 for continuous operating pumps, to provide for unusual demands when the water in boilers becomes low or excessive loads are carried. . Piston Speeds in Feet per Minute.--For reciprocating boiler feed pump . 120 ; ; | { j f j j j j | . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 not to exceed 10 times the square root of the number of inches in the length of stroke of the water pistons. Direct acting reciprocating steam driven or power driven boiler feed pumps are generally found to be more efficient for smaller installations especially with widely fluctuating loads as the efficiencies of centrifugal Table 64. Direct Acting Steam Driven Duplex Reciprocating Boiler Feed Pumps Dia. Dia. OF of Steam Water Cyl. Cyl. IN IN Inches Inches Length of Stroke IN INCHES No. OF Strokes per Min. Discharge in Gallons Per Per Stroke Min. Equiva lent Dia. of Single Cyl. Pump Boiler H. P. Size Pipe. Inches Served Without Factor Steam of Ex haust Suc Dis tion charge Safety 3 434 554 6 754 TA 10 12 2 PA 354 4 434 5 6 7 3 4 5 6 6 10 10 12 70 . 0.04 5.6 60 0.10 12.0 50 0.20 20.0 50 0.33 33.0 50 0.42 42.0 40 0.85 68.0 40 1.22 97.6 35 ,2.00 140.0 254 4 5 554 654 7 834 m 80 54 54 154 1 180 Y. 54 154 154 300 54 154 2 154 480 l 134 254 2 600 154 2 3 234 1000 154 2 3 1400 2 254 4 254 3 2000 254 3 5 4 Table 65. Horizontal Duplex Piston Packed Power Driven Boiler Feed Pumps for 100 Lb. Working Pressure Size of . Pump Cylinders in Inches Dia. Stroke No. of Revolu tions per Min. Displacement Gallons Per Rev. Per Min. 2J4 4 34 30 30 354 5 30 4 6 25 8 10 ' .20 0.34 0.49 0.83 1.30 8.69 10.2 14.7 24.9 32.5 173.8 Boiler H. P. Served Without Factor of Safety 148 213 361 471 2520 H. P. Required TO Drive Pump 1.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 18.0 Pipe Sizes Inches Suction Discharge 154 154 2 154 254 2 3 254 54 Table 66. Reciprocating Single Acting Power Driven Triplex Boiler Feed Pumps for 150 Lb. Working Pressure Size of Pump Cylinders in Inches Dia.. Stroke No. of Revolu tions per Min. Displacement Gallons Per Rev. Per Min. 154 2 154 254 23 254 4 34 44 46 58 68 8 10 50 0.045 2.25 50 0.078 3.90 40 0.122 4.88 30 0.255 7.65 30 0.367 11.01 30 0.652 19.56 25 0.978 24.45 20 2.041 40.82 20 2.938 58.76 20 6.520 130.40 Boiler H. P. Served Without Factor of Safety 33 57 70 110 160 280 355 592 852 1891 . H. P. Required to Drive Pump 0.40 0.65 0.80 1.15 1.40 4.60 3.10 5.00 6.00 14.00 . Pipe Sizes Inches Suction Discharge ' 54 l 154 154 154 2 254 3 354 4 54 l l 154 154 154 2 254 3 3 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 boiler feed pumps drop off very rapidly for the smaller sizes of pumps and for low load conditions. For this reason centrifugal pumps are not usually employed for installations of less than 1000 boiler horsepower. Screw pumps may be used with good economy for small capacities. 122 ; American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 67. Screw Pumps Since the.capacity and pressure at which Screw Pumps will operate is almost infinite, we can only give some idea of their capacity. Efficiencies range from 60 per cent to 70 per cent. ' Size .2 2A 3 3K 3'A 4 5 5A 6 7 8 9 10 12 16 G. P. M. 2-15 10- 20 20- 50 40- 60 55- 100 85- 200 175- 275 200- 325 275- 475 300- 600 450- 750 700-1000 800-1400 1200-2100 1750-4200 . Max. Rev. ' Suction Inches 1600 1600 1600 1600 1500 1400 1200 1200 1200 1000 875 720 700 600 425 2 2 ,' 2'A 3 4 4 .5 5 6 8 8 10 12 ' 14 16 - Discharge . Inches . 1A \a 2A 2A :3 4 4 4 6 6 8 10 12 14 15 Table 68. Sizes, Revolutions per Min. Heads Pumped Against, Power Required and Boiler Horse Power for Several Commercial Sizes of Centri fugal Boiler Feed Pumps Size of Pump Inches 2 2A 3 4 5 6 8 2 2^5 3 4 5 6 8 - 2 2^ 3 4 5 6 8 H. P. Pipe Sizes Inches Suction J Discharge Capacity Gallons per Min. ' Two Stage for 100 lb. Working Pressure 2A 2 100 3 2A 150 43 225 54 400 65 620 86 900 10 8 . 1600 Three Stage for 150 lb. Working Pressure - 2A 3 4' 5 6. 8 10 . 2 2A 3 4 5 6 8. 100 . 150 225 400 620 900 1600 Four Stage for 250 lb. Working Pressure 2A 2 100 3 2A 150 43 225 54 400 65 620 86 900 10 8 1600 123 Boiler H. P. Served Without of Safety 1450 2175 3262 5800 8990 13,000 23,000 1450 2175 3262 5800 8990 13,000 23,000 1450 2175 3262 5800 8990 13,000 23,000 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 CONDENSATION RETURN PUMPS Condensation return pumps may be of the following types: a. Automatic pumps and receivers b. Continuous operation non-automatic return pumps Automatic Pumps and Receivers , And Continuous Operating Non-automatic Return Pumps . Volumetric Capacities of Receivers.--To be not less than 3 times the maximum minute volumetric flow of condensation to be handled, measured between the high and low water lines in the receiver. Piston Speeds in Feet per Minute.--Not more than 10 times the square root of the number of inches in the length of stroke. * The ratio between the pump displacement and the maximum vol- Table 69. Duplex Piston Type Return Pumps with Receivers Standard Pressure . Size op Pump 3X2X3 Yi 4h X 2h X 4 5KX3HX5 6X4X6 7J4 X 5 X 6 Receiver Capacity Gallons 12 20 40 60 100 Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation 6000 10,500 19,500 30,000 45,000 Lb. Condensate per Hour 2000 .3500 6500 11,000 15,000 Minimum Steam Pressure 50 40 35 35 30 4hX2X4 5hX2hX 5. 6X2MX6 6X3X6 6X X6 Low Pressure 12 6000 20 10,000 40 120,000 40 180,000 60 290,000 2000 3500 4000 6000 9000 25 20 15 20 25 Table 70. Centrifugal Return Pumps with Receivers Size of Pump Discharge Inches i m 2 Receiver Capacity Gallons 40 60 100 Sq. Ft. Direct , Radiation 12,000 25,500 42,000 Lbs.. Condensate per Hour 4000 . 8500 14,000 H. P. TO Drive i 1H 2 Total Head Ft. 25 50 50 Table 71. Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps and Receivers Delivering Against 15 Lb. Size 101 102 103 104 105 Sq. Ft. Equivalent Direct Radiation 8000 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 Gal. per Min. u 22 35 60 90 R. P. M. 1725 1725 1725 1140 1140 . Actual h. p. 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4 H. p.' Motor Supplied Floor Space Shipping Weight % 5' 3"x3' 8' 700 % 5' 3'x3' 8' 700 m1 6' S'x3' 8' 750 7'6'x4'2' 1050 2 7' 6'x4' 2" 1100 124 ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 umetric rate of the flow of condensate to be handled shall be not less than 3.0-for automatic pumps and receivers and 2.0 for non-automatic return pumps. Normal Capacities for Centrifugal Pumps.--Not less than 2. times the maximum rate of flow of the condensation to be handled. . RETURN LINE VACUUM HEATING PUMPS These may be of the following types: a. Direct acting reciprocating steam driven return line vacuum pumps b. Reciprocating power driven. return line vacuum pumps c. Motor driven return line vacuum pumps - . High pressure traps should never discharge directly into a vacuum return. An excessive amount of vapor will form due to re-evaporation of a considerable part of the hot condensation. This may cause a very Fig. 42. . Method of Discharging High-Pressure Apparatus into Low-Pressure ` Heating Mains and Vacuum Return Mains through a Low-Pressure Trap material reduction in the vacuum maintained by the pump. Fig. 42 shows a method of disposing of the greater part of the vapor of re evaporation and at - the same time lowering the temperature of the condensate. ' DISPOSAL OF VACUUM PUMP DISCHARGE The discharge from reciprocating vacuum pumps of either the steam or power driven type is a mixture of water and air: Means must be pro vided for releasing the entrained air; This requires water surface area in either a tank having a large horizontal cross section or a stand pipe of enough sectional area to permit a low velocity of downward water flow while the entrained air is escaping to the surface against the water current. For removal of air allow one square foot of horizontab cross section for each 2100 lb. of water per hour. A stand pipe with diameter equal to that of the pump cylinder is usually sufficient. Wherever a suitable location may be obtained the freely vented air 125 7'irr**r American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . separating tank is generally used. The tank must be located high enough so that the pressure produced by the water column in the discharge pipe will be sufficient to overcome that in the low-pressure boiler feed water heater or other point of disposal. Fig. 43 shows the proper arrange ment of vacuum pump, air separating tank and feed water heater. The air escapes through a vent in the top of the tank and the water flows by gravity to the feed water heater, through the locfp seal attached to the discharge outlet in the tank. If the rate of flow of-returns to the tank exceeds the rate of discharge from the tank the excess overflow through an opening on the end near the top. Fig. 43. Method ok Connecting Vacuum Pump, Feed Water Heater and Single Control Hydro-Pneumatic Tank or Air Separating Tank Where an open tank cannot be located at a height sufficient to provide gravity head to discharge the tank contents against the maximum pres sure in the heater or boiler, the hydro-pneumatic tank is used. A float controlled valve is placed on the air outlet of the separating tank and so arranged that when the water of condensation has not sufficient head to flow by gravity to the.point of use, the air will be confined in the upper part of the tank. As the pump continues to deliver water and air to the tank the pressure within the tank increases until sufficient to discharge the water, thus lowering the water-line and eventually permitting escape of the surplus air through the float controlled air valve. The confined air pressure in the tank plus the gravity head in the tank dis charge pipe must be sufficient to cause flow to the place of disposition. This confined air pressure plus the column of mixed air and water in the pump discharge to the tank is the total-head against which the pump must act. Fig. 43 shows a hydro-pneumatic tank, Figs. 44, 45 and 46 show vacuum pump connections for several different conditions of service. 126 ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ,,'Discharge from VacuumRump BoilerFeedPump andReceiver, Special'* Chedclbbe ' n , r Lift Filling DroinfoSewor Floor Line Fig. 44. Method of Connecting Vacuum Pump and Automatic Boiler-Feed Pump and Receiver Table 72 gives the sizes of plain or hydro-pneumatic tanks for air separating purposes and also those for storage of returns. In the latter case the tanks are based upon storing the quantities of water which will be discharged during five minutes at the basis of hourly rates given in the first column. Vent toAimosphere Run to Air above Roof Pump Control Valve Discharge from Pump tv Tank Steam to Vacuum Pump .Globe Valve ' Gfobr- Valve Lubricator ^ Globe Valve ' Boiler FeedPum CastIron Base Plate and Drip Pan Lubricator * Globe Valve t. Globe Valve Bypass Vacuum Pump CastIron BasePlate, and Drip Fhn , ' GateValvey'' SuctionStrainer ' FloorLine Lift Fitting ToSewer Fig. 45. Method of Connecting Vacuum Pump, Boiler-Feed Pump and Steam-Control Receiving Tank. 127 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 72: Size of Plain and Hydro-Pneumatic Tanks Compensation Lb. per Hr. 4000 5000 8000 10,000 16,000 24,000 34,000 45,000 60,000 Sizes of Plain and Hydro-Pneumatic Tanks For Air Separator only Diameter In. Length In. 12 12 18 18 24 30 24 36 36 42 .36 42 42 . , 24 . 36 30 48 48 . 48 72 60 72 60 96 72 96 For Air Separator and Water Storage Diameter * In. 24 ' . 24 24 30 30 36 36 36 42 42 Length In. p 36 48 72 48 60 60 72 96 72 96 48 72 48 96 LIFT FITTINGS Lift fittings are special devices used in pairs at points in a vacuum heating system where condensation is to be lifted to a higher level. The condensation is lifted in "slugs" on the air lift principles: the slugs being obtained by the use of a comparatively small diameter vertical return with its lower end submerged in the well below the level of the horizontal return which it drains. The lower lift fitting allows the con densation to accumulate in the well below.the inlet connection until it seals the vertical passage, thus causing a slight reduction of the vacuum on the inlet side and forcing the water from the well through the vertical lift pipe to the higher level. The upper lift fitting allows the condensa tion to flow into the horizontal return without falling back into the lifting line. Lifts of 6 ft. or over should be made in steps rather than all in one rise. Steps should be used instead of."Drag" lifts through long upwardly inclined pipes. In any case the pipes between the lifts must grade down ward toward the pump. When these fittings are required, the usual places to install them, is with a suction strainer at the pump, and when step-ups occur, in the return line. STEAM DRIVEN RECIPROCATING RETURN LINE VACUUM PUMPS Volumetric displacement of the water cylinders 8 to 10 times the volumetric rate of flow of the condensate to be handled. Piston Speeds.--Not more than 20 times the square root of the number of inches in the length of stroke. 128 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Steam driven pumps can be economically used with steam pressures of 15 lb. or over and where the exhaust steam can be completely utilized. Where the supply of exhaust steam from engines or other sources is continuously in' excess of that necessary to supply the heating system the electric driven pump is generally the most efficient and is also pre ferable when the steam pressure is too low to operate a steam driven pump. . Table 73. Direct Double Acting Steam Driven Reciprocating Vacuum Pumps Diameter in Inches Cylinder Condensation Lb. per Hr. for Pumps with Stroke Equal to Bore Direct Cast Iron Radiation Served 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12. 14 16 18 20 22 24 . 26 28 30 32 34 36 510 1047 1830 2890 . 4250 5920 7980 10,350 16,300 . 24,000 33,500 45,000 58,500 74,300 92,300 112,800 135,800 161,300 189,600 221,000 254,000 1700 3490 6100 9633 14,166 19,733 26,600 34,500 54,333 80,000 111,666 150,000 195,000 247,666 317,666 376,000 452,666 537,666 632,000 736,333 846,666 Pipe Sizes Steam In. Suction In. Discharge In. A A A A Va Va % l 1 m lA iA 2 2 2A 2A 2A 3 3 .3 iA lA 2 2A 2A-3A 3-3A 3A-4 4-4A 4K-5 5-6 6-7 7 7-8 8 8-10 10 12 12 14 14 14 Vi i 1A iA lA-2 2 2 2A 2A 3 3A 4 4A *A 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 Pumps Having Unequal Stroke and Bore Stroke > Bore Capacity Factor 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.90 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.67 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.33 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.75 0.70 0.67 0.60 0.50 1.58 1.48 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.15 1.13 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.04 r.oo 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.78 The capacities given in Table 73 are for pumps having water cylinder with'the'length of stroke equal to the diameter of the water piston. The. capacities for pumps of a greater or less length of stroke may be found by use of the last two columns in this table as follows: , Divide the stroke by the piston diameter and find the corresponding ratio in the column headed stroke/bore. The capacity factor opposite this in the last column is then multiplied by the capacity given in the table to give the capacity of the pump in question. Proportioning of Steam End of Reciprocating Vacuum Pumps In proportioning the steam cylinder of the pump the following formula will give results which are safe to use. A,,A. X = x (il + Pd) s129 of andAmerican Society Heating Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 From which we have . As = Aw x (y + Pd) X 3 ' in which . ~~ ?b : Aa = Area of steam piston in square inches. Aw = Area of water piston in square inches. Pb ~ Boiler pressure in pounds per square inch. Pd = Discharge pressure in pounds per square inch. V -- Vacuum at pump expressed in inches of mercury. V =='Approximate vacuum in pounds per square inch (2 in. mercury = approxi- 2 mately 1 lb. per sq .in.) Fig. 46. Method of Making Connection to Steam-Operated Vacuum Pump In no case should the head against the discharge of reciprocating pumps exceed 15 lb. unless the pump stroke exceeds the bore and thus reduces the bad effect of clearance. Where the pressure on the heater, boiler, etc., varies materially from time to time but in general is near the minimum, a substantial saving in energy may be obtained by using a hydro-pneumatic tank" instead of aplain tank set at a higher elevation to overcome the peak pressure in the boiler or heater. The use of a plain tank keeps the pump operating against the maximum head, where the hydro-pneumatic tank set lower operates as a plain tank whenever the gravity head in the tank is sufficient to cause flow from its elevation, arid employs the combination of air pres sure and gravity head, with air vent closed, only at times of peak load. Only then is the air pressure load added to the pump discharge. 130 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Where the head on the delivery side of steam driven pumps exceeds 15 lb. it is good practice to deliver the condensatiori to a vented receiver located close to the level of the vacuum pump outlet. This receiver should be connected to a separate steam or power driven water pump capable of delivering against the maximum head and controlled by a throttle valve, actuated by the water line in the receiving tank. MOTOR DRIVEN RETURN LINE VACUUM PUMPS Reciprocating Vacuum Pumps.--The displacement and piston speeds should be the same as for the water end of reciprocating steam driven return line vacuum heating pumps. - The type of drive between motor and pump may be chain, gear or belt. Other than Reciprocating Pumps.--May be of the centrifugal or rotary type with receivers and generally of one of the following arrangements. a. One pumping unit and motor for handling both air and condensate b. One pumping unit and motor for handling air and a separate pumping unit and motor for handling condensate. c. One pumping unit and motor for handling condensate with an air ejector operated by a recirculated portion of the condensate for handling the air d. One pumping unit for handling condensate and another for handling-the air, both operated by one motor. I ; The receiving tank capacity should.be stated in gallons, and in case of automatically controlled units should be the capacity of the tank in galloris between the high and low water levels in this tank, as determined by the water-line control! . The receiving tank may be placed either on the suction side or on the discharge side of the pump. When placed on the suction side of the pump the capacity of the tank may be used to retain the condensation and to take care of the fluctuations between the rate of condensate returned and the rate of the pump delivery. The suggested receiving tank capacities (as previously defined) for continuously operated and for automatically controlled units should be as follows: Table 74. Receiver Tank Capacities Sq. Ft. Equivalent Direct Cast Iron Radiation Surface Total Receiver Tank Capacity in Gallons Receiver Tank Capacity between High and Low Water Limits where Automatic Water Line Control is Used. . 8,000 16,000 26,000 40,000 . 65,000 100,000 28 33 40 49 63 80 20 24 29 35 47 63 The air capacities recommended, referred to cubic feet of air per 1000 sq. ft. of equivalent cast iron direct radiation, may be assumed on a decreasing ratio as the system increases in capacity of equivalent square feet of radiation, in accordance with the following Table 75. It should be noted that while water capacities of pumps to be added for fan blast 131 American Society 0/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 heaters are to be based upon their equivalent in direct radiation the air capacities for this class of radiation may be- the same as for direct radiation. Table 75. Air Capacities Sq. Ft. Direct Equivalent Radiation Surface 8,000 . 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 Diameter Orifice . Vac. 10' ffit" w A' y y A' Three . Air Capacity Cu. Ft. per Min. ` 5 9. 15 19 34 60 80 180 . F ig . 47. V o lu m e of A ir th r o u g h O r ific e s u n d e r V a c u u m The air capacity of the pump should be measured at a point in the main vacuum return line just ahead of the vacuum strainer when the pump is operating under the vacuum specified at the pump suction and when handling the quantity of condensate specified at a temperature not exceeding 180 deg. fahr. Air test may be made with water at lower temperatures. This deter mination should be made by means pf a standard test orifice located in an inlet connection to the pump suction and consisting of a plate of an inch thick with a reamed hole having sharp edges and of a diameter corresponding to the capacity of the pump. The accompanying Fig. 47 may be used , to give the quantity of air handled, corresponding to several sizes of orifices and different degrees of . vacuum met with in practice. The water capacity of the pump when operating against 8 in. of mer cury vacuum should be not less than three-tenths (0.3) of a pound of water per hour per square foot pf equivalent cast iron direct radiation based upon condensation at a temperature of not over 180 deg. fahr. when the pump is delivering water against a specified gage pressure at the water discharge of the pump. For pumps handling both air and water the above water capacity must be delivered, when the pump is main taining a vacuum of 8 in. of mercury and handling.air through a standard orifice corresponding to the air capacity of the pump as herein specified. Commercial pumps are built for 10, 20, 30 and 40 lb, gage pressure at the water discharge of the pump. Table 76. Sizes, Speeds, Horse Powers and Capacities Hytor Electric Motor Driven Condensation Return Pumps , Rating in Sq. Ft......................... Discharge Pressure, Lb.... Gallons per Min.......................... H. P. Motor................................. R. P. M. 60 Cycle and D. C.,. R. P. M. 25 Cycle...................... Shipping WeightL_ .................... 0 to 2000 10 20 33 U *4 1700 1700 1440 1440 330 350 2000-4000 ' . 10 20 66 % >4 1700 1700 1440 1440 350 370 4000-8000 10 20 10 10 Vs . Vi 1700 1700 1440 1440 420 440 8000-16000 10 20 20 20 V* *4 1700 1700 1440 1440 535 565 132 133 American Society 0/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 No additional allowance need be made for. covered mains or risers, but exposed mains or risers used as heating surfaces should be included in calculating the equivalent square feet of direct radiation. PUMP. SPECIFICATIONS Reciprocating and power driven pumps should be specified as to make, size, water and steam working pressures, piston speed; temperature of water to be handled, electric motor characteristics and the trade standard, required in accordance with the manufacturers adoptions copy of which is appended to this section of the code for reference. Table 77. Motor Driven Condensation Pump Capacities for Delivering Against Various Pressures Radia tion in Sq. Ft. of Direct Radia tion Minimum Gallons per Min. Maximum Boiler Motor Pressure H. P. Lb. 4000 4000 4000 6-8 6-8 6-8 10 15-40 50-60 x x X 6000 6000 6000 9-12 9-12 9-12 10 15-40 50-60 X X 1 8000 8000 8000 8000 12-16 12-16 12-16 12-16 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20 10 15 20 30-60. 10 15 . 20-30 30-40 50-60 X X 1 IX X X 1 iX 2 Sug gested Size of Piping Inches 1 1 1 m m M IX m IX vx IX m m m IX Radia tion in Sq. Ft. of Direct Radia tion Minimum Gallons per Min. Maximum Boiler Motor Pressure H. P. Lb. 15,000. 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 30-40 30-40 30-40 "30-40 30-40 40-50 40-50 40-50 40-50 40-50 50-60 50-60 50-60 50-60 10 15 20-30 40 50-60 10 15 20 30-40 50-60 10 15 20 30-40 50-60 10 15 20 30-60 X 1 IX 2 .3 X 1 2 3 5 1 IX 2 3 5 1 IX 2 5 Sug gested Size of Piping Inches 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2. 2X 2X 2X 2X 2X2 2X2 2X2 2X2 2X. . The kind of drive should be specified for power driven pumps. Centrifugal and Rotary pumps should be specified as to make, type, capacity temperature of water to be handled, speed and motor charac teristics including: . . 1. Name of motor manufacturer 2. Manufacturers rated Horse Power 3. The maximum temperature rise for any.part of the motor above the temperature-" of the surrounding air .. 4. Full Speed in R. P. M. 5. Current characteristics . 6. Whether the motor is open, semi-enclosed or fully enclosed The following should also be included in the specifications, total head to be pumped against including suction lift friction head, velocity head 134 1 If ' !. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26. Table 78. One Pump One Motor Return Line System Size . B Q 0 F F G H Sq. Ft. Direct Equivalent Radiation Surface . Diameter Orifice Vacuum 10 In. 8000 16,000 26,000 * 40,000 65,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 9-64 . 3-16 1-4 9-32 3-8 1-2 9-16 Three 1-2 Air Capacity Cu. Ft. per Min. 6 11 19 25 42 75 90 180 Water Capacity . Gals. per. Min. 10 Lb. Pres sure 180 F. Actual H. P. 11 22 35 , 60 90 140 200 400 0.9 1.4 . 2.0 2.8 3.9 9.0 10.0 10.0 R. P. M. H. P. of Motor 1800 1800 1800 . 1200 1200 1200 900 720 1 2 3 5 10 10 20 . Table 79. Two Pump One Motor Return Line System Vacuum Pumps Capacity Sq. Ft. . OF Direct Radiation 66000000 , 8000 128,000000 12,000 "I8;ooo 18,000 30,000 30,000 Capacity G. P. M. 9 9 12 12 18 18 27 27 45 45 ' Pressure at Pump 1150 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 Motor H. P. X 1 1 IX 1 1H 2IX 2 3 Table 80. Two Pump Two Motor Return Line System Vacuum Pump G. P. M.Capacity Sq. Ft. ' OF Capacity Direct Radiation Pressure at Pump 6000 6000 . 8000 8000 12,000 12,000 18,000 18,000 25,000 25,000 30,000 30,000 9 9 12 12 18 18 27 27 38 38 45 45 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 P.Motor H. _ . Air Water X X X X X X X .X 1 . 1 1 1 X X X' 1 % 1 1 2 ix 2 2 and head against which the pump must discharge. The vacuum under which return pumps are required to operate and as to whether two or more units are to operate in parallel or separately. 135 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 INSTALLATION DATA All pumps should be set on substantial foundations and be provided with heavy cast iron sub-bases, securely anchored to foundation and pro vided with drip ring with drain properly connected to sump or sewer. The exhaust from steam driven pumps supplying steam for heating purposes should be taken through an efficient oil separates before entering any part of the heating system or other apparatus. A full set of the manufacturers working drawings should be used in connection with each installation. Motors should be not less than Y greater in horsepower than that actually required to drive the pump under full load conditions. 3 136 Chapter IX WARM-AIR FURNACE HEATING* N this chapter of The Guide consideration will be given to the design I of gravity circulating warm-air heating systems. For fan circulating systems see the Chapter XX on Design and Construction of Air Ducts. Complete engineering data, including the procedure to be followed in designing a typical system, are presented in the first part of the chapter, while the last part of the chapter presents a Standard Code Regulating the Installation of Warm-Air Heating Furnaces in Residences, approved by the National Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association, American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, National Association Sheet Metal Contractors, Western Warm Air Furnace and Supply Association, and the Midland Club, as a workable Code for furnacemen. / . DEFINITIONS In general, warm-air furnace heating plants consist of a fuel burning furnace or heater enclosed in a casing of sheet metal or brick, which is placed in the basement of the building. The heated air, taken from the top or sides near the top of the furnace casing, is distributed to the various rooms of the building through sheet metal warm-air pipes. The warm-air pipes in the basement are known as leaders, and the vertical warm-air pipes which are run in the inside partitions of the building are called stacks. The heated air is finally discharged into the rooms through registers which are set in register boxes placed either in the floor or in the side wall, usually at or near the baseboard. . The air supply to the furnace may be taken (1) entirely from inside the building through one or more recirculating ducts, or the air supply may be taken (2) entirely from outside the building, in which case no air is recirculated. Sometimes a combination of the inside and outside air supply system is employed. Furnace heating plants may be (1) of the gravity circulating type in which the motive head producing flow depends upon the difference in weight between the heated air leaving the casing and the cooler air entering the bottom of the casing, or (2) of the fan circulating type in which a fan may supply all or part of the motive head producing flow. In most house installations, the former type of system is in general use. `Material for this section was prepared especially for The Guide by Arthur C. Willard. Professor of Heating and Ventilation and Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois. Urbana, Illinois. . All figures and much of the engineering data which fellow are from Bulletin No. 141, "Warm Air Furnaces and Heating Systems," Part II, by Professors A. C. Willard, A. P. Kratz and V. S. Day, Engineering Experi ment Station, University of Illinois. '` 137 American.Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 DESIGNING A FURNACE HEATING SYSTEM The design of a furnace heating system involves the determination of the following items: a. Heat loss in B.t.ii. .from each room in the building. . '6. Area and diameter in inches of warm-air pipes in basement known as leaders. . - c. Area and dimensions in inches of vertical pipes known as wall stacks. d. Free and gross area and dimensions in inches of warm-air registers. e. Area and dimensions of (1) recirculating or (2) outside air supply ducts in inches. There'may be one or more of each. . /._. Free and gross area and dimensions in inches of recirculating registers. g. Size of furnace necessary to supply the warm air required to overcome the heat loss from the building. This "size" should include square inches of leader pipe area which furnace must supply. It is also desirable to call for a minimum bottom fire-pot . diameter in inches, which is the nominal grate diameter. . . h. Area and dimensions in inches of chimney lining and smoke pipe. If an unlined chimney is to be used, that fact should be made-clear. HEAT LOSSES FROM BUILDING The heat which will be required for each room in the building depends on (1) the heat transmission losses through walls and glass as well as through floors and ceilings when the latter two are next to unheated spaces, and (2) the infiltration of cold air through the cracks around outside windows and doors. Calculations for the heat required in B.t.u. per hour should be made as indicated in Chapter I Heat Losses from Buildings. LEADER SIZES In a gravity circulating warm-air furnace system the size of the leader to a given room depends on the temperature of the warm-air entering the room at the register. A reasonable air temperature at the registers must, therefore, be agreed upon before the system can be designed. The National Warm Air Heating and. Ventilating Association. has approved an air temperature of 175 deg. fahr. at the registers as satisfactory. At this temperature, the heat carrying capacity (heat available above 70 deg. fahr.) per sq. in. of leader pipe per hour for first, second or third floors is shown by Fig. 48 at 175 deg. fahr. to be 105, 170 and 208 B.t.u. respectively. For average calculations, the values 110, 166 and 200 will simplify the work and may be satisfactorily sub stituted for these heat carrying capacities. If H represents the total heat to be supplied any room, the resulting equations are: . . Leader areas for first floor, square inches = = approximately 0.009# (1) H Leader areas for second floor, square inches = = approximately 0.006# (2) ' '# Leader areas for third floor, square inches = = approximately 0.005/d 138 (3) ' d C ; - ' ' ' '' American Society 0/Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 48. Value of Square Inch of Leader Pipe Area for First, Second, and Third Floors In designing for a lower warm-air register temperature, say 160 deg. fahr., the factors 110, 166 and 200 become 80, 140 and 166 (Fig. 48 at 160 deg. fahr.), and the resulting equations are: Leader areas for first floor, square inches = oU = approximately 0.012// (4) ' * #" . Leader areas for second floor, square inches = = approximately 0.007# (5) - Leader areas for third floor, square inches = = approximately 0.006# (6) . loo These equations are applicable to straight leaders from 6 to 8 ft. in length. Longer leaders must be very thoroughly covered or else the vertical stacks must be increased in area as discussed under wall stacks. If some provision is not made for these longer leaders, the air tempera ture may be much lower than anticipated and the room will not be properly heated, . . While Fig. 48 takes care of the drop of temperature in straight leaders up to 8 ft. in length connected to stacks having about 75 per cent the 139 . . / American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 area of the leader, the designer must make allowances for all other conditions. The temperature drop in leaders of various lengths at three different register temperatures is shown in Fig. 49. Leader sizes should in general be not less than obtained by equations (1) to (3) nor should leaders less than 8 in. in diameter be used. It is not considered good commercial practice to specify diameters except American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 straight, the ratio of stack area to leader area should be greater than 70 per cent in order to offset the greater temperature losses (Fig. 49) in the longer leader. In gravity circulating systems, this stack to leader I Fig. 49. Loss in Temperature in 8 in. Leader Pipe of Various Lengths at Different Register Temperatures . Note.--Pipe bare, bright tin except asbestos strips for joints. in whole inches, although there is no real rfeason for not using half inches if necessary. The tops of leaders should be at the sjme elevation as they leave the furnace bonnet, and from this point there should be a uniform up-grade of 1 in. per foot of run in all cases. Leaders over 12 ft. in length are to be avoided or receive very special attention. WALL STACKS The wall stack for an upper floor should be made not less than 70 per cent of the area of the leader which has been selected from Fig. 48. So long as the leader is short and straight as was the case for Fig. 48, such a practice is probably justified since the loss (Fig. 50) in capacity occasioned by the smaller stack is not very serious for ratios above 70 per cent. For leaders over 8 ft. in length or for leaders which are not 140 Fig. 50.' Relative Heating Effect of Stacks at Constant Register Air Temperature area ratio is a very important consideration. Specific data for a great variety of cases are presented in Figs. 51 and 52 and the designer should check his stack to leader combinations with the nearest comparable case as shown in these figures. Any second floor stack supplying heat 141 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 to a room whose heat loss is 9000 B.t.u. or above. (See Figs. 51 and 52 which show that high temperatures are necessary if rooms of more than 9000 B.t.u. requirement are heated by stacks in 4 in. studding), should be run within 6 in; studded walls or should have multiple stacks. Stack American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 WARM-AIR REGISTERS The registers used for discharging warm-air into the rooms should have free or net area not less than the area of the leader in the same run of piping. The free area should be at least 70 per cent of the gross area of the register. No upper floor register should be wider horizontally than the wall stack, and it should be placed either in the baseboard or side wall, and not in the floor, First floor registers may be of the base142 143 y American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 board or floor type with the former location preferred. No first floor register should require'a register box more than 14 in. wide, although it may be longer than 14 in. ' AIR SUPPLY DUCTS . Ducts for recirculating air from the house or for bringing in outside air should be as short and direct as possible. The areas of such ducts should never be less than the combined areas of all warm-air leaders and ducts of the recirculating type may be made even larger than the total leader area. The importance of running the air supply ducts as direct as possible without sharp elbows is shown by the comparative performance on the same plant of two ducts (Fig; 53), as presented in Table 81. In both cases a very wide low shoe was\used for connecting the ducts . to. the back of the furnace casing. The top of this shoe should never enter the casing above the' level of the grate in the furnace, and to accomplish this the shoe must be wide. The superior performance of Table 81. Heat Available at Registers for Two Types of Recirculating Ducts Register Air Temperature Dbg. Fahr. Heat Available at Registers Above 70 Dbg. Fahr. B.t.u. per Hr. Rectangular Duct Round Duct Per Cent Increase for Round Duct 130 (Low) 160 (Moderate) 190 (High) 47,000 81,000 120,000 54,000 94,000 138,000 15.0 16.0 15.0 144 Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 the round duct using two 45 deg. instead of two 90 deg. elbows is very apparent. Values given in Fig. 48 are based on such a duct. Outside duct connections, if used, should be made to a window frame the full area of duct and such window should be in a wall exposed to prevailing winter winds. The inside type of recirculating duct or ducts is always preferred for residence installations. RECIRCULATING REGISTERS The register through which the air in the building is returned to the furnace should always be placed in a central position in the first floor, usually in the main hall if one exists. Air from the upper floors must , have free access to this register through the stairway of the building. Sometimes more than one return air register is found desirable, and such multiple returns are often justified. The recirculating registers should . have a free area at least equal to the duct to which they connect, and their free area should never be less than 50 per cent of their gross area. FURNACE The size of furnace should, of course, be such as will provide the necessary air heating capacity, usually expressed in square inches of leader pipe area, and at the same time provide a grate of the proper area to burn the necessary fuel at a reasonable chimney draft. The total leader pipe area required is easily obtained by finding the sum of the leader pipe areas as already designated. The grate area will depend on several factors of which four are very important. First of all, the air temperature at the register for which the plant has been designed must be determined. Usually, this tempera ture is taken as 175 deg. fahr. Second in importance is the combustion rate, which must always correspond with the register air temperature, as is shown by reference to a set of typical furnace performance curves. (Fig. 54) for a'cast-irori circular radiator furnace with a 23-in. diameter grate and 50-in. diameter casing. The conditions shown on these curves which seem , to approximate nearest to the 175 deg. register warm-air temperature are--combustion rate 7 lb., warm-air register temperature 173 deg., efficiency of the furnace 58.5 per cent. The third factor is efficiency, which, in turn, is a function of the combustion rate varying with it as shown by the efficiency curve of Fig. 54. The fourth factor is the heat value per pound of'fuel burned, which was 12,790 B.t.u., but is not shown on the curves since it was constant for all combustion rates. From the relation existing between these factors it is found (Fig. 54) that the capacity of the furnace under test is 147,750 B.t.u. per hour for the total grate, which gives the capacity at the furnace bonnet per square foot of grate as 51,300 B.t.u. and per square inch of grate as 356 B.t.u. per hour. , Suppose it is desired to select a furnace to deliver air to the rooms at a register temperature approximating 160 deg. rather than 175 deg. Referring to the curves, the relation is--combustion rate 5.5 lb., register warm air temperature 160 deg. and efficiency of the furnace 62 per cent. 145 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Under this condition the capacity of the furnace at the furnace bonnet per square foot of grate area is 43,300 B.t.u. per hour, and per square inch of grate it is 300 B.t.u. per hour. From these performance values, the grate area for any plant requirement will be, (allowing 20 per cent heat loss between furnace and registers): 1 2H Grate area (175 deg. register temperature), square inches --ijgg--, = 0.0034H* (7) Grate Area (160 deg.), square inches = 17nfP = 0 0040//* (8) Fig. 54. Typical Performance Curves for a Warm Air Furnace and Installation in a Three-Story Ten Leader Plant, Operating on Recirculated Air As a check upon the method of selection by performance curves, the method of selecting the furnace which has been in general use is as follows: Let H = B.t.u. heat loss from the entire house per hour = summation of all room losses Hi + H2 + etc. 4- the B.t.u. necessary to heat the fresh air if. any, at intake. This fresh air loss in B.t.u. will be approximately 1.27 times the cubic feet of air admitted through the intake per hour on a zero day. For systems which recirculate all the air this value will be zero. For systems which have a fresh air intake, controlled by damper, this value might well be approximated, since this loss will probably be reduced to a minimum on a zero day. Assume for 'such cases, that the building loss is increased by 25 per cent, and that there is the usual 20 per cent loss between furnace and registers. , 146 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Let E = efficiency of the furnace , / = fuel value of the coal in B.t.u. per pound p = pounds of coal burned persquare foot of grate surface per hour and ' the formula then becomes : Grate area, square inches 1.2 X 144 H if all inside air Efp (9) For coal having a heat value of 12,000 B.t.u., a furnace having 60 per cent efficiency and 6 lb. of coal burned per sq. ft. of grate per hour, tjjis becomes: . 1 2 X 144 // ' Grate area, square inches = q 60 X 12 000 X& for al* inside air (10) The air temperature at the registers corresponding to the conditions covered by equation (10) would be approximately 160 deg. fahr. and for 175 deg. fahr. and 12,000 B.t.u. the combustion rate should be at least 7.5 lb. with an efficiency Of about 57 per cent, using curves of Fig. 54. as a guide. ` CHIMNEYS The construction, location, height and area of the chimney to which the warm-air furnace is connected affect the operation of the entire heating system. Most residence chimneys are built of brick and may be either lined or unlined, but in either case the walls must be air tight and there should be only one smoke opening into the chimney. Cleanout, if pro vided, must be absolutely air tight when closed. The walls of brick chimneys shall be not less than 3% in. thick (width of a standard size brick) and shall be lined with fire-clay flue lining. Fire-clay flue linings shall be manufactured from suitable refractory clay, either natural or compounded, and shall be adapted to withstand high temperatures and the action of flue gases. They shall be of standard commercial thickness but not less than % in. All fire-clay flue linings shall meet the standard specification of the Eastern Clay. Products Association. The flue sections shall be set in special mortar, and shall have t)ie joints struck smooth on the inside. The masonry shall be built around each section of lining as it is placed, and all spaces between masonry and linings shall be completely filled with mortar. No broken flue lining shall be used. Flue linings shall start at least 4 in. below the bottom of smoke-pipe intakes of flues, and shall be continuous the entire heights of the flues and project.at least 4 in. above chimney top to allow for a 2 in. projection of lining. The wash or splay shall be formed of a rich cement mortar. To improve the draft the wash surface should be concave wherever practical. '. : Flue lining may be omitted in brick chimneys, provided the walls of the chimneys are not less than 8 iii. thick, and that the inner course shall be a refractory, clay brick. All brick work shall be laid in spread mortar, with all joints push-filled. Exposed joints both inside and outside shall be struck smooth. No plaster lining shall be permitted. Chimneys'shall extend at least 3 ft. above flat roofs and 2 ft. above the ridges of peak roofs when, such flat roofs or peaks are within 30 ft. . 147 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 of the chimney. The chimney shall be high enough so that the wind from any direction shall not strike the top of the chimney from an angle above the horizontal. The chimney shall be properly capped with stone, terra cotta, concrete, cast-iron, or other approved material; but no such cap or coping shall decrease the flue area. The size or area of flue lining or of brick flue depends on height of chimney and capacity of heating system. For chimneys not less than 35 ft. in. height above grate line, the net internal dimensions of lining should be at least 7 x 11J4 >n- for a total leader pipe area up to 790 sq. in. Above 790 and up to 1000 sq. in. of leader pipe area the lining should be at least 11M x llM in. inside. In case of brick flues not less than 35 ft. in height with no linings, the internal'dimensions should be Fig .55. Elevation of the Warm Air Research Residence at least 8 x 12 in. up to 790 sq. in. of leader area, and at least 12 x 12 in. for leader capacities up to 1000 sq. in. Chimneys under 35 ft. in height are often unsatisfactory in operation and hence should be avoided. . TYPICAL EXAMPLE \, The application of the preceding data to an actual example may be of assistance to the designer. Figs. 55, 56, 57, 58 and 59,* represent the plans of the Warm Air Research'Residence of the National Warm Air Heating and Ventilating Association recently erected at the University of Illinois. .' Assuming all air recirculated, the minimum furnace for the plant ' will be: Grate Area = 0.0034 X 132,370 = 450 sq. in. = 24 in. diam. at 175 deg. register temperature. (7). Grate Area = 0.0040 X 132,370 = 530 sq. in. = 26 in. diam. at 160 deg. register temperature. (8) - (10) *Plans used with permission and bath room on third floor not heated at present. 148 . . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 If provision shall be made for certain outside air circulation, then increase.the building heat loss by, say 25 per rent and obtain by equation (7) a 27-in. grate and by equations (8) and (10) a 29-in. grate. . Summary of Data Applied to Warm Air Research Residence Rooms From Chapter I on Heat Losses from Buildings B.t.u. Heat Losses H Leader Area Sq. In. Stack' Area Sq. In. 0.7 X LA Leader Diameter Inches Stack Size Net Register Size Gross P First Floor Breakfast...... Kitchen.......... Hall and stair Second Floor $. W. Bed..... Bath................ N. Bed........... Third Floor E. Bed. ..... W. Bed.......... 17250 6810 2300 9210 25710 12570 15030 9800 2450 14800 8220 8220 II (N iO S wH 83 230 113 = 0.0067/ 90 59 15 89 = 0.005H 41 41 . 63 41 10 62 29 29 14 9 8 11 or 12 Two 12 12 ......... 14 X 18 8 X 12 8 X 10 12 X 14 Two 12 X 14 12 X 14 11 or 12 5 X 12 9 3M X 12 8 3 X 10 11 or 12 5 X 12 12 X 14 8 X 12 8 X 10 12 X 14 8 3 X 10 8 3 X 10 8 X 10 8 X 10 149 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 STANDARD CODE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION OF WARM AIR FURNACES IN RESIDENCES* THIRD EDITION June 1, 1924 . This Code is approved and issued by authority of the National Warny Air Healing hr Ventilating Association, The American Society of Heating & Ventilating Engineers, National Association Sheet Metal Contractors, Western Warm Air Furnace and Supply Association and The Midland Club. . ARTICLE 1:--Meaning of the Term "Warm Air Furnace Heating Plant" Warm air furnace heating plants, to which this code refers, shall consist of one or more warm air furnaces, enclosed within casings, together with necessary appurtenances thereto, consisting of warm air pipes and fittings, cold air or recirculating pipes, boxes and fittings, smoke pipes and fittings, registers, borders and face plates, the same being intended for heating buildings in which they may be installed. ARTICLE 2.--Provisions to be made in Building under Construction for Reception of Warm Air Furnace Heating Plants - . Section 1. a The following provisions shall be made by the owner or building con tractor, in any building wherein a warm air heating plant is to be installed. b Where warm air register boxes, heads, pipes, or stacks are .to be installed, joists shall be set not less than sixteen inches (16'1') on centers and shall be butted and not lapped. Studding shall set directly over and under joists, leaving a space of not less than fourteen inches (H*) between studs and joists. Wherever joists are cut, headers must be put in to support joists. c All first story single or sub-floors shall be continuous. In all houses having studded exterior walls, these floors shall be extended to the outside sheathing and all spaces between studding shall be closed at.the attic line. . Note 1.--It is strongly recommended that the attic be tightly floored to reduce heat tosses. - 151 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 d All partition walls (or sections of these walls) in which heat stacks to second floor rooms are to be installed, shall be built of six-inch (6') studding to second story floor joists. .Chimneys Section 2. a The owner shall provide a chimney for the furnace constructed in a manner to comply with the following specifications. b The chimney must be absolutely smoke tight throughout its entire length, and must extend at least three feet (30 above a flat roof or two feet above the ridges of peak roofs. c If built of a single thickness of brick or of cement blocks, it shall be lined through out its entire length with fire-clay flue lining, having not less than three-fourths inch (24') thickness. Flue lining to be laid in mortar and made air tight. d The furnace flue must have no other opening for attaching any fireplace, furnace, stove, range, water heater, gas or ventilating connection. e If necessary to offset the flue, it must be done in such a manner as not to reduce the cross sectional area nor create a ledge or obstruction, where loose material may lodge. / Its narrowest internal dimension shall not be less than eight (8'*) inches and no flue smaller than 8' x 8" rectangular or eight (8") inch diameter round will be considered suitable when hard coal is to be burned, or 8* x 12' rectangular or ten (10') inch round for soft coal or wood. ' g It is strongly recommended that nothing less than 8' x 12' internal dimensions be used in any case. Nolt 8.--It is recommended that the height above the furnace grate be not less than twenty-six (260 feet. Note 8.--It is strongly recommended that all new chimneys be built in strict accordance with the ordinance recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. * ARTICLE 3.--Method for Determining Size of Warm Air Pipes, Wall Stacks and Furnaces for Use in a Residence Method of Determining Size of Basement Warm Air Pipes (Read Explanatory Notes 4 to 11 Section 1. First Floor Rooms. Divide square feet of glass by 12, Divide square feet of net outside wall by 60, Divide cubic contents by 800, Add together the above and .multiply by 9. The result is the area of the basement pipe. . * /The sum of: ) Glass (sq. ft.) INote A) 4- 12 ) ) Net Wall (sq. ft.) (Note 6) + 60 > X 9 VCubic Contents + 800 )" \ I -Area of Basement Pipe (Note 10) ( ) . * - Section 2. Second Floor Rooms. Divide square feet of glass by 12, Divide square feet of net outside wall by 60, Divide cubic contents by 800, . Add together the above and multiply by 6. The result is the area of the basement pipe. \ . ' . ' /The sum of: ` ) Glass (sq. ft.) (Note 4) -s- 12 ) \ Net Wall (sq. ft.) (Note 5) -5- 60 V X 6 = Area of Basement Pipe (Note 10) l \Cubic Contents -* 800 ) * Section S. Third Floor Rooms. Divide square feet of glass by 12. Divide square feet of net outside wall by 60, Divide cubic contents by 800, Add together the above and multiply by 5. The result is the area of the basement pipe. /The sum of: ) Glass (sq. ft.) (Note 4) 4r 12 j Net Wall (sq. ft.) (Note 6) 4Iubic Contents -* 800 X 5 = Area of Basement Pipe (Note 10) i 152 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Method of Determining Size of Wall Stacks Section 4. First Floor Rooms. Same as Section 1. . Section 5. Second Floor Rooms. Deduct 30 per cent from basement pipe area determined in Section 2. Section 6. Third Floor Rooms. Deduct 30 per cent from basement pipe area determined in Section 3. Explanatory Notes ' Note 4.--In obtaining glass surface use full casement opening. An outside door is figured as glass. Note 6.--To obtain net outride wall multiply height by width and deduct the glass in all windows and outside doors. . Note 0,--For rooms having unusual exposure, ordinarily north, northeast and northwest, add 15 per cent to pipe area. For east and west exposure, add 10 per cent. Note 7.--For cold ceilings, add one-half net area of ceiling to net exposed wall (cold ceilings are those next to unfloored attics.) Note 8.--Use no warm air pipe less than 8 inches in diameter. If a basement warm air pipe figures . greater area than any standard commercial size then the next larger size shall be used. Note 9.--It is understood in using the above values for determining basement warm air pipe areas, that these pipes should be run comparatively straight and that they should not be over 10 to 12 feet in length. Sharp turns and long pipes should have extra capacity. * Note 10.--These formulae are for 70 deg. inside temperature with zero temperature outride. For a temperature of 10 deg. below zero, add 10 per cent to the capacity of each pipe. Note It.--The value of 800 (used in cubic contents) is for an estimated air change of one room volume per hour. If it is desired to provide for l Yi room volume use the figure 600. If for 2-room volumes use the figure 400. " The factors 9. 6 and 5 in sections 1. 2 and 3 are calculated for a register air temperature of 175 deg." . Transition Fittings and Stacks . Section 7. Transition from warm air pipes to stacks shall be made with a welldesigned elbow or boot and no stack shall be less than 70 per cent of the warm air pipe area. . Method of Determining Size of Registers Section 8. All registers shall have a free area at least equal to the calculated area of the basement pipe. Method of Determining Size of Furnace . Section 9. Add together the actual warm air pipe areas in square inches as obtained in Sections 1, 2 and 3, and select a furnace having a free area not less than the sum of all the warm air pipe areas. ARTICLE 4.--Installation--Location of Furnace Section 1. The location of the furnace shall equalize the length of warm air runs as far as possible, yet give necessary preference to pipes supplying living rooms, dining rooms and main halls. Foundation Section 2. Furnace foundation of brick, cement, or other incombustible material must be provided. Said foundation to extend at least fifteen (15') inches at rear and sides of furnace casing and at least thirty-six (36') inches in front of furnace casing. Foundation to be level. Setting or Assembling of Furnace Section 8. a The base ring of the furnace shall be cemented to the foundation, making an air tight joint. The furnace parts shall be assembled plumb and level, and in a workmanlike manner. . b All sections and joints shall be properly fitted. Joints requiring cement shall be well filled and all bolts shall be drawn up tightly. Casings ' Section 4: a Warm air furnaces shall be enclosed ip metal casings or walls of brick, tile or concrete. 153 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 b Portable. Sheet metal casings including casing tops shall be made of galvanized sheets, not lighter than 26 U. S. Standard Gauge. They shall fit the castings and casing rings closely, so as to be dust tight, and shall be securely fastened to the front. The casing shall be lined from the upper casing ring down to a line on a level with the grate. .' * c When side collars are used the casing top must be of sufficient height so that the largest warm air pipe can be taken from side without ovaling. In no case shall a distance less than eight (8") inches be maintained between the top of any furnace and the top of casing or bonnet. d Any furnace, the casing top of which shall come within sixteen (16") inches of a combustible floor, ceiling or joist, shall be protected by a metal shield, extending not less than eighteen (18") inches beyond the casing of said furnace. This shield shall be suspended at least two inches below wood work, allowing free air space between shield and woodwork. No furnace casing or top, coming nearer than six (6") inches of ceiling or joists shall be allowed in any case. e Openings for side casing collars shall be cut into the casing top, so that the tops of all openings are on a level. Casing collars shall be fitted into place with a proper flange, or bead on the outside and drawn up on the inside, making a dust-tight joint. All collars shall be of same size as the warm air pipes to which they are to be connected. / Brick set, cement or hollow tile casings shall be constructed as follows: Walls shall be not less than eight (8") inches in thickness, and shall be constructed air tight. Rec tangular casing shall be, with least inside dimensions, the same as that of the portable casing of a corresponding size of furnace. Walls shall be carried to the same height as the portable walls, allowing not less than eight (8") inches between the top of the furnace and the bottom of the top cover. After placing the collars for the warm air pipes, continue the masonry up even with the top of the collars, lay spacing rods of bar iron on edge or angle irons across the furnace top, cover these with sheet iron, cover the sheet iron with masonry and run the side walls four (4") inches above the masonry bed. A galvanized iron casing bonnet may be used on brick set furnaces. Provisions shall be made in the walls for a manhole to give ingress to heater. Warm Air Pipes in Basement Section 5. a. All warm air pipes shall be made of bright tin not lighter than IC, or galvanized iron. Side seams shall be locked seams. All joints shall be either double seamed or lapped not less than one and one-quarter inches and such joints shall be beaded and soldered or riveted. All pipes shall be properly secured to ceiling or joist. No solder or riveted joint is required where round pipe slips over the casing collar. Any pipe twelve (12") inches or greater in diameter shall not be made of material lighter than IX tin or No. 26 U. S. Standard Gauge galvanized iron. Note IS.--It is recommended that all warm air pipes in the basement shall have an upward pitch of not less than one (1*) inch per running foot. ' b. No warm air pipe shall run within one,(l") inch of any woodwork unless such woodwork is covered with asbestos paper and the paper covered with tin or iron. c. All warm air pipes in the basement shall be provided with dampers not more than two feet from the casing. \ d. Where warm.air pipes pass through a masonry wall, a metal thimble shall be provided, having a diameter at least 1 in. greater than the pipe, and pipe supported in such a manner that the air space is uniform on all sides. Wall Stacks . Section 6. a. Single Stacks. All single wall stacks or wall pipes, heads, boots, ells, tees, angles and other connections shall be made of bright tin or galvanized iron and shall be covered with not less than one Thickness of 12 lbs. per one hundred (100) sq. ft: of asbestos paper. All studding and other woodwork facing said pipe shall be lined with metal and metal lath used in place of wood lath. An air space of not less than threeeights (%") of an inch shall be allowed on the two sides nearest the vertical studs. All such pipes shall be braced in a proper manner so as not to obstruct the flow of air but to retain the full capacity throughout. All joints.shall be locked and held in place by means of lugs, or straps. No joint shall depend wholly upon solder to make it tight. 154 'v`-yw American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 b. Double Stacks. All double wall stacks or wall pipes, heads, boots, ells, tees, angles and other connections shall be made of bright tin, not lighter than IC or gal vanized iron and shall be made double, from and including the boot or foot piece in basement to the top of each and every stack and register head on all floors. There shall be continuous uniform air space of not less than five-sixteenths (^6") of an inch, which must be maintained between the outer and inner walls of all such pipes and fittings of all kinds, styles and descriptions; such pipes, heads, boots and other fittings to be of the styles, or equal to those accepted by the National Board of Fire Underwriters. All pipes and fittings either single or double must be secured firmly in place by lugs or straps attached to the outer walls of stacks and fittings, and no nails shall be driven through these stacks or fittings at any point. No wall pipes or fittings shall be used which depend wholly on soldered joints. The various members shall be so made that all joints are locked and soldered and the several members shall be attached to each other with slip joints, which are, for the purpose intended, air tight. . Registers Section 7. a. When baseboard or wall registers are used, they shall be properiy.and 'permanently attached to the stack head in such a manner that will prevent any leakage " of between the head and the register. 6/^FIoor registers shall be provided either with register borders, or double register boxes of tin or galvanized iron with an air space of not less than five-sixteenths (^fe*) of an inch between inner and outer boxes. c. Registers for warm air and warm air pipes shall not be located in outside walls. The warm air registers in the various rooms shall be located in or near the inside walls in all cases. Air Supply to Furnace ' Section 8. a. The air supply to furnace for warm air heating plants may be taken from outside or from within the building or may be taken partially from outside and partially from within. In no case, however, shall air be supplied to any furnace from any basement or furnace room. . . b. The cold air'intake or return where air is taken from within the building shall have a net area throughout its entire length of not less than the combined net area of all warm air pipes leading from the furnace. This may be maintained in one or more ducts. c. When the cold air supply is taken wholly from the outside of the building the supply duct at its most contracted area must equal or exceed eighty (80%) per cent of the combined area of all warm air pipes leading from the furnace. d. Cold air ducts shall be constructed of metal, tile or other incombustible material having smooth inner surface and shall maintain a constant net area throughout their entire length and shall be made air tight. Where a boot or shoe is connected to the casing at the base, the opening shall not extend higher than a line on the level of the grate of the furnace. The width of the shoe shall be of proper measurement to make the area at least equal to that of the round or square pipe to which it is connected. e. Wherever the space between joists is used to convey cold air overhead, the joists and all wooden surfaces between such joists shall be lined with metal and a sheet metal pan constructed to extend not less than six (6") inches below said joists. The connection from this pan to the boot or shoe shall be made of galvanized iron not lighter than No. 26 U. S. Standard Gauge, 4nd shall have a transition collar, the top area of which shall be at least 10 per cent greater than the area of the connecting pipe. /. The cold air face or faces shall be made of wood, or metal. When set in floors the top of same shall be flush with floor. Where cold air face is placed in a seat or side wall (whether furnished by owner, general contractor or furnace.contractor) the open work of face must extend to within at least one (1") inch of the floor line. . The free area of cold air faces shall be at least 10 per cent in excess of the free area of the duct or ducts to which they are connected. " Note 13.--The effective area of a vertical cold air face lies within twelve (12*) inches of the floor line, hence, the capacity of any vertical cold air face shall be determined by multiplying the base line iu inches by not to exceed twelve (12*) inches in height and deducting for the grills or cross bars. ' 155 / American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Smoke Pipes Section 9. a. The smoke pipe shall be as short and direct as consistent with the loca tion of the furnace. It shall be made of either black or galvanized iron not lighter than No. 24 U. S. Standard Gauge, and of the full size of the collar on the furnace through out its entire length. It must have no other opening for attaching any fire place, stove, range, water heater, gas or ventilating connection. It shall be lock-seamed or riveted; all joints shall lap not less than one and one-half (1H*) inches and it shall be rigidly secured. Cast iron smoke pipe may be used. . b. Where the smoke pipe enters the flue, a thimble shall be cemented into the flue and the connections thereto made air tight. Should any smoke pipe come within eighteen (18") inches of any combustible material, such combustible material must be covered with asbestos paper and a metal shield so fastened that a two-inch air space exists between this shield and the combustible material. This shield shall be no less in size than twice the diameter of the smoke pipe and of sufficient length to cover the wood at all points. c. No smoke pipe shall project through any external wall or window. Pipeless or One Pipe Furnaces Section iO. a. When but one duplex grating is used for both warm air and cold air in a so-called pipeless furnace, the area of the cold air intake .shall be at least equal to the area of the warm air outlet of the grating. Article 4, Section 4, relative to casing shall not govern when this type of furnace is installed, but the following specification shall be followed: The inner and outer casing of this type of furnace may be made of either black or galvanized iron riot lighter than No. 26 U. S. Standard Gauge. A uniform air space shall be maintained at all points between the inner arid outer casing. In no case shall the top of the furnace be allowed closer than twelve (12") inches to any ceiling or joists above the furnace. b. Where joists are cut to accommodate this furnace, headers shall be put in and braced so as not to weaken the structure of the floor above the furnace. c. Article 3 for determining area of warm air pipe shall not govern in figuring a pipe less furnace. . d. Where one warm air register face is used and separate face or faces for cold air supply are used, then Article 4, Sections 5 and 8 shall apply. 156 Chapter X OIL FUEL FOR - INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC HEATING . By Byron K. Eaton, Member INDUSTRIAL OIL BURNING wfe general use of coal in the United States and the decline of the use Tof wood as fuel began about 100 years ago, and like the inhabitants of the country was confined to the Atlantic seacoast. The bituminous coals first used were imported from England and afterward they came from Virginia mines and other fields as population spread. Anthracite coal was first sent down the Delaware River and afterward came by the canal routes that served during the early part of. the century. From Philadelphia this coal was at first distributed on the Atlantic Coast by means of sailing vessels and with the advent of the railroads, the bulk of this distribution was affected by rail transportation. . One hundred years after these events, a new form of fuel, bids for a ` place in the world of combustion. This fuel is liquid in form, being . petroleum in its constituent parts. There is claimed for liquid fuel, the advantages of space for storage, simplicity in location of storage adjacent .to boilers and means of transportation from the remote points of storage to boiler, reduction in labor and handling of fuel, the elimination of ash removal, ease of control of furnace temperatures, and the elimination of the expense of banked fires. Each case, however, where the liquid fuel is contemplated will have, of necessity, to stand on its merit. The heating engineer must figure out the operating cost both with coal and with oil, and the user will have to evaluate the extra convenience, after which a decision can be made as to what type of fuel should be used. Crude oil has either a paraffin or asphalt base, or a blending of the two. Fuel oil, is heavy, dark in color and has a greater viscosity, higher calorific . value and higher flash point than the crude oil from which it is made. "*; It results from the distillation of crude oil during which processes naptha, benzine, gasoline, kerosene and other distillates are removed. The .'character of the fuel oil varies in accordance with the extent to which the crude oil has been refined. . In the selection of burner equipment and in the determination of storage facilities, it is well to decide what grade of oil is fo be used, its ` Baumfe gravity, viscosity, flash point, and cold test, or temperature at which it will cease to be fluid. 157 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The following table gives data from standard authorities on various oils. The flash point varies considerably in the oils from different fields, hence the figures given are subject to variation: Table 82. Data on Fuel Oils Oil Baume Gravity Deg. Fahr. Flash Point Deg. Fahr. Pounds B.t.u. per Gallon per Gallon Kerosene................. .......... Distillate..^--........................ Light Gas Oil.................. .... Dark Gas .Oil-..................... Light Fuel Oil................... Heavy Fuel Oil.................... 42 38 36 32 24 18 140 160 190 200 150-200 180-280 6.80 6.96 7.03 7.21 7.58 7.89 135,524 137,402 138,421 140,811 145,612 149,484 B.t.u. per Lb. 19,900 19,700 19,700 19,600 19,000 18,900 Note. While the use of an oil may be contemplated,'having a cold test sufficient to meet the lowest temperatures experienced, if there is any possibility of higher cold test oils being used, heating coils should be installed in the storage tank. A fuel oil burner installation comprises oil storage, and pumping equipment, an atomizing assembly and a correctly designed fire-box within the boiler for complete combustion and for proper diversion of the fire and gases. There are certain essential accessories, such as pipe lines, oil pre-heaters, regulating valves, meters, strainers, pressure gages, relief valves and the proper adaptation of them all to the particular needs of each specific case. . Adequate oil storage should be planned. Where trackage is available, carload deliveries should be provided for. Local ordinances and the requirements of the National Board of Fire Underwriters and the local bureau having jurisdiction should be studied and strictly adhered to, especially in the matter of locating and burying outdoor tanks and in the brick-housing and sand-fill usually required for large interior tanks that are not buried. Where the storage tank is buried outside the building, the.oil suction, oil return and the steam flow and return lines should all be run in one large split tile, carefully cemented. The steam line should then drop into the: oil storage, tank, either spirally around the suction line, thence re turning back through the tile, to discharge into the heating system trap, or the coil can extend to and be laid along the bottom of the tank, with the return similarly returning to the steam system. Great care should be exercised in the construction of steam lines inside of oil tanks, so that there will be absolutely no possibility of a leakage from the oil into the steam coils when coils are under a vacuum or of the steam leaking into the oil. - Every tank should be provided with a man-hole and with the following tappings: .... 4 in. fill 3 in. suction 134 in. return lJ4in. vent . 134 in. steam flow . 134 in- steam return 158 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 All these tappings should be in the top of the tank. The suction pipe should not extend closer than six inches to the bottom of the tank. These tappings can be varied in size to suit local ordinances or conditions. There are three general types of tanks--vertical steel, horizontal steel or concrete. Up to 10,000 gal. the horizontal steel tank is commonly used; the vertical steel tank is used for larger capacities; although the concrete tank is gaining very much in popularity, because of its durability, economical installation cost and the readiness with which concrete may be shaped to fit any space available for s'torage. Since the minimum car of oil is 8,000 gal., it is well not to plan any tankage of less than 10,000 gal. capacity, where carload deliveries are possible. Where oil companies maintain reserves of oil, smaller storage can be provided for than in districts where all the oil has to be brought in by car. In this case, there should be enough storage for a reasonable period. One.ton of coal is equivalent to approximately 170 gal. of fuel oil. , Standard construction for underground horizontal steel tanks provides 3/16 in. steel for up to 4,000 gal., *n- from 4,000 to 10,500, 5/16 in. from 10,500 to 20,000 gal. Vertical above ground tanks should be built in accordance with the Underwriter's tables for diameter and height. .While oil consumption can be fairly accurately checked by gaging the tank, the oil meter is the most logical method of quickly determining fuel costs and in estimating the relation between fuel consumption and work performed. It is not the purpose of this article to discuss the relative merits of various types of burners. The respective claims of burner manufacturers can be carefully weighed and a decision made as to which is best adapted to the work in question. Mechanical simplicity and the assurance of , correct principles of atomization should be of foremost consideration in judging burners. . The decision'as to the burner will govern the type of oil pump utilized to draw the oil from the storage tank and introduce it into the burners. The various burner campanies have provided what they consider the most suitable pumping devices for their equipment. One of the most important phases of oil burner installations, is the design of the combustion chamber of the boiler or furnace. While the consumption of coal is limited in a boiler, by the square feet of grate and the draft available where handfiring is utilized, with oil burning equip ment, the only limit to the oil consumption, is in the cubical contents of' the combustion chamber or fire-pot. Practically any of the boilers that are in use today are adaptable to oil burning equipment but there should be a rearrangement of the combustion chamber. The grates may be removed, and the burner dropped below their level thus enlarging the combustion space. ' The introduction of secondary, heated air is quite important to best combustion results and it is, therefore, customary for brick walls to be built on either side of the fire-box of the boiler to support 2J/> X 2J4 X % in. tee-irons laid crosswise, upon which a checker hearth of firebrick is laid. The spaces in this hearth should vary, dependent upon the in dividual draft and conditions of the heating plant. Air is drawn in 159 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 through the ash door of the boiler, and its damper can be adjusted to suit conditions. The air is heated as it rises through the openings between the intensely heated fire-brick. The heated air then mingles with the straight-shot flame, projecting into the boiler, thus giving that additional air required for completion of combustion. A wide, long, high combustion chamber is ideal, within certain limits. It is only necessary to extend checker or protecting walls where there are water-drop legs projecting downward from the crown-sheet. All such water- surfaces must be protected from any direct contact with the fire. It is well to brick up the sides of boilers, of fire-box or sectional type, to a point 8 or 9 in. higher than the center-line of the burners. Impingement walls should be so built as to properly deflect the gases of combustion. The brick used should be of the very highest heat-resisting type and each brick should be dipped in a thin batter of heat-resisting cement and water and laid up tightly to the next brick. This will give a very excellent wall which .will require a minimum of attention. Oil burner manu facturers have plans for the bricking of the various types of boilers, which plans are usually submitted after the contract has been approved. There are a number of oil heaters on the market, which are meritorious. If low pressure steam boilers are being equipped with oil burners, ordinary coil waterheaters may be connected below the water-line of the boiler. Sufficient heater capacity should be installed to bring the temperature of the oil up to within 25 or 30 deg. of its flash-point. This pre-heating of the oil not only decreases the viscosity but takes a certain combustion burden from the fire in the boilers and also tends to carry in suspension basic deposits which might otherwise be left in the burners. In high pressure work, coil heaters can be connected into the exhaust or live steam lines depending upon the type of heater selected. Naturally, the heavier the oil, the greater will be the tendency towards' sediment deposit consequently strainers must be provided. Unless the oil is exceedingly heavy, a single strainer in the suction line just before it enters the pumping equipment, will be sufficient. This strainer can be so built as to be easily accessible for cleaning. In some instances, duplex strainers are used, in which case, the mere throwing of a lever, will change the flow of oil from one strainer to another, so that cleaning can be accom plished without interfering with the supply of oil. The question of the elevation of the pump is of some importance, as some communities prohibit the installatipn of oil pumping equipment at a point lower than the top of the oil storage tank. As the result, it is frequently necessary to build platforms in the boiler-room on which to mount the pumping equipment, so that there will be no danger of siphon ing. If this is not done anti-siphoning devices should be used.. While fuel oil burners are not automatic in character, yet a great many burner companies provide automatic regulators to maintain a fire be- tween "high-low" limits, so as to maintain uniform pressures. The foregoing discussion refers continually to boilers, it must not be lost sight of that oil fuel is adaptable to scores of industrial purposes. ' Bake ovens, melting pots, annealing furnaces, dryers and countless other heat demanding units are continually and adequately operated with this modern fuel. ' . 160 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 DOMESTIC OIL BURNERS The problem of applying oil fuel to residential heating is essentially different from that pertaining to industrial installations. While in an industrial installation the size of the plant usually warrants the necessary . investment for installing auxiliary equipment for preheating and atomi zing the heavy fuel oils such investment is seldom warranted in the small plant required in a residence. Further, the hazard associated with pre heating and the complication incident with atomization is an added factor weighing against the use of heavy oils for this purpose. These facts results in the use of lighter or higher Baum6 gravity oils for domestic purposes. These oils which include gas oil, distillate, and kerosene are liquids of low viscosity even at zero temperature. The problem of oil storage is relatively simple, since all the fuel may be stored in tanks buried outside. One-thousand gallon tanks of 3/16 in. steel seem to be most popular although the two and three thousand gallon sizes are coming into considerable favor. In estimating the size of storage tank it is well to remember that 170 gal. of oil is approximately equivalent to 1 ton of coal. Inquiry should be made as to the available truck capacities before selecting tank sizes, as the tank should be large enough to accommodate an entire truck-load of oil, while still containing a "working balance." Local ordinances should be strictly adhered to. Some cities require that a buried'tank shall be at least 2 ft. beneath the surface of the ground and at least five feet from a building wall. Others provide that a line drawn at 45 degrees from the junction of the basement floor and the building wall, shall not touch the tank. The tappings, 2J4 in. fill. 1 in- vent and 1 in. oil suction, should all be ' in the top of the tank. Manholes,,oil return lines and steam coils are unnecessary in tanks for the kind of oil suitable for residential work. In the low-priced burners utilizing basement auxiliary tanks, such -tanks should be at least 10 ft. from the nearest fire; they should be re/ plenished by hand pumps connected to the main oil tank buried outside. Where no outside storage is provided, these auxiliary tanks should be .filled and vented outside, and should also be provided with a tight -fitting, float gage, so that if the tanks are over-filled, there can be no spilling of oil in the basement. The thermostatic equipment should consist of a room thermostat, centrally located in a position, representative of the general home tem perature, remote from any source of heat or cold, and a boiler control to prevent the temperature of the water or the steam pressure from exceed ing a predetermined point. t While oil burners are most successfully operating in hundreds of different makes and styles of boilers and furnaces yet in planning new heating systems the adaptability of boilers to oil burning should be given serious consideration. Generally speaking, boilers with a preponderance of indirect or flue surfaces, are best suited to oil burning, because an oil fire develops a considerably hotter flame than does coal.' This means higher combustion gas temperatures, and naturally demands more heat absorbing, water-backed flue surfaces. 161 V- ^ American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Where round domestic boilers are contemplated, those with a maximum number of horizontal, water sections above the fire-box are to be pre ferred. . . In selecting burner sizes the total load imposed upon the boiler and thence upon the burner should be carefully determined. This load should be determined in accordance with the method for determining the load on any boiler as outlined in preceding chapters. The same allowance for hot water heaters should be made as for ordinary boiler practice and the same precaution should be followed in insulating the boiler and piping. Draft is a matter of importance, since the quantity of air introduced by the very essential motor driven burner fan, must have adequate oppor tunity to pass freely into the stack. The standard practice of assigning an individual flue to the heating boiler should be strictly adhered to. Oil burners with their frequent periods of idleness, and the consequent elimination of needless fuel consumption, do not always impart sufficient heat to ordinary water coils in the fire-pot of heating boilers. Where vapor or steam is used, any of the boiler water-heating units that connect into the boiler below the water-line, thus heating the storage tank, should be used. In hot water heating plants, larger coils are necessary. In studying the burner equipment itself, attention should be given to the'stability of the burner manufacturer and that of his local distributor. The reputation of the burner in past performance is of equal importance. The simplicity and quality of the mechanical construction should be studied.and the element of noise, must be given attention. A burner listed as standard by the Underwriters' Laboratories, may be considered as having been built-up standards. 162 Chapter XI GAS HEATING By W. E. Stark, Non-Member HE increase in the use of gas for space heating has been a. great Tstimulus to the development of highly efficient gas burning appli ances. Gas-burning heating installations as the sole source of heat for residences, factories, and public buildings (formerly limited to those localities where there was an abundant supply of cheap gas) are taking a more prominent place in coal-burning regions. Gas-burning heating appliances present an opportunity for the realiza tion of nearly ideal efficiencies in combustion and heat transmission. Full advantage must, however, be taken of the inherent efficiency of such appliances and every effort made to retain this efficiency, for it is only on this basis that gas can compete with coal. TYPES OF GAS HEATING APPLIANCES . Gas-burning heating appliances may be classified as those for heating individual rooms; and central heating plants, heating an entire residence or other building. Each classification may be subdivided as follows: 1. Room Heaters . : r ' . a Reflector Heaters (luminous flame) . b Radiant Heaters (blue flame) c Gas Logs (blue flame) . .. '' : d Tubular and Cylindrical Radiators . (a) Floor Furnaces . '- e Gas Fired.Steam Radiators - . . (a) Bungalow type hot water systems ' ' .^ D . 2. Central Heating plants .' a Warm Air Furances b Steam Heating plants............c Water Heating plants .. ' ; COMBUSTION OF GAS lit the above classification it will be seen that some heaters are desig nated as luminous flame or blue flame. This distinction conies from the type of burner used. Gas burners are of two general types: Luminous flame burners, and the. more widely used Bunsen or blue flame type. Each type of flame has its.own field of usefulness; and if combustion, is complete, and the flame properly applied, each will deliver the same amount of heat from a given quantity of gas. Gas requires for complete combustion air in the proportion of about 1 cu. ft. for each 110 B.t.u. of gross heat value. The two' flames differ in the manner in which this air is supplied for combustion. If gas is forced directly into the atmosphere through a small hole, the air required for combustion is drawn into the 163 ` American Society, of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . ; jet and the gas burns with a large yellow flame. As the holes in such burners must be small, appliances using them cannot burn gas in large quantities. A gas flame must not be permitted to touch any cold solid surface as this will result in arrested or incomplete combustion, the deposit of soot and the formation of carbon monoxide. Blue flame or Bunsen type burners are provided with an external mixer in which a portion of the air (about 2 cu. ft. per cubic foot of gas) is mixed with the gas previous to ignition. This, is called primary air. The flame issuing from the port of the burner has two distinct parts: a pale blue inner cone and a darker cone surrounding it. The heat of the flame issuing from the burner port draws currents of air past the flame and into it in sufficient quantity to cause complete combustion. ' This is known as secondary air. The flame should sit squarely on the port and should not have a yellow tip. A yellow tip indicates insufficient primary air, and is corrected by opening the adjustable air shutter. It should be noted here that the proportions of the orifice at the entrance to the burner tube, and the proportions of the burner ports must suit the heat content of the gas being burned. A burner propor- ^ tioned for natural gas is not suitable for water gas or coal gas, which are much bulkier in relation to their heat contents. Table 83 shows the heat values of a cubic foot of gas and air mixture, the gas being mixed with the amount of air theoretically required to burn it. In practice excess air must be admitted to the fire in order to insure complete combustion. , Table 83. Volume of Air Required for Combustion of Different Gases* Gas B.T.U. PER Cubic Foot Cu. Ft. Air to Burn Cu. Ft. Gas B.t.u. per Cu. Ft. of Mixture Natural Gas.... ......................................... Coal Gas--Rich........................................ Coal Gas--Lean................................. .. Carburetted Water Gas.--.................... 1084 580 510 575 10.27 5.21 ' 4.43 5.02 Thomas King. American Gas Journal, October 22, 1921. 96.2 93.4 93.9 95.5 HEAT VALUE AND EFFICIENCY A gas may be said to have two heat values; a gross or higher heat value and a net or lower heat value. The lower heat value is obtained by subtracting from the higher heat value the latent heat of vaporization of the water formed by the combustion of the gas, amounting to about 10 per cent of the higher heat value. Since it is very rarely that the heat of vaporization can be recovered and usefully applied, the efficiency of a gas burning appliance should be based on the higher heat value. When comparing guarantees of efficiency, care should be taken to under stand whether the guarantee is based on the higher or lower heat value. For example.--Take an hypothetical gas having a gross heat value of 550 B.t.u. por cu. ft. and a net heat value of 500 B.t.u. per cu. ft., burned in a steam boiler giving an evaporation of 465 lb. of water (from and at 212 deg.) per 1000 cu. ft. of gas burned: 164 ".i fififo u '! v American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Efficiency = BLu. in steam X 100 = f65Jl9TM 4_. .. X 100 B.t.u. in gas cu. ft. X heat value 451 235 With Gross Value Efficiency = X 100 = 82.04 per cent 451 035 With Net Value Efficiency = 5qq qqq X 100 = 90.25 per cent It will be noted from the example cited that when the efficiency is based on the net or lower heat value, the appliance apparently absorbs 8.21 per cent more of the heat supplied to it than when the efficiency is based on the gross heat value. This is a false conclusion as it is not possible to recover the heat represented by this difference in percentage unless the products of combustion are cooled below 212 deg. . The following Table 84 shows the maximum possible efficiencies obtain able when burning a typical manufactured gas with various stack tempera tures. These are based on the gross heat value and do not include any Table 84. Products of Combustion and Efficiencies with Typical Manufactured Gas Stack Temperature (deg. fahr.) Heat in Dry Flue Gas above 60 (%)......... Heat in Water Vapor above 60 (%).......... Heat absorbed by Boiler or Efficiency (%).. 220 3.25 9.95 86.80 235 3.57 10.03 86.40 250 3.90 10.10 86.00 265 4.14 10.16 85.70 280 4.28 10.22 85.50 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Flue Gas Analysis CO, ' 8.04% 0, 5.86% N, -86.10% correction for radiation from the boiler covering. Radiation would, reduce these efficiencies from 2 to 10 per cent depending on the insulating properties of the covering. The gas is assumed to be burned with 35 . per cent excess air and has the following composition: CO 8.6 per cent H, 52.5 " " CH. 31.6 C,H< 1.1 C.H. 1.1 O, 0.1 CO, 15 N, 3.5 "a u a u a " a a Heat value per cubic foot at 60 deg. fahr. and 30 in. hg., 580 B.t.u. Specific gravity 0.418 (air = 1) Air Temperature 60 deg. fahr. Atmospheric moisture neglected. 100.0 ,, TYPES OF GAS HEATERS ' Luminous Flame Refiettor Healers diffuse a large part of their heat by virtue of the radiating power of the bright yellow flame. They are usually backed by a polished copper sheet which reflects radiant heat into the room. The flame must never be so long that it strikes any part of the heater; . Radiant Heaters have a blue flame which heats refractory "radiants" or "glowers" to incandescence. Radiant heaters are quite sensitive to 165 '. American Society of Heatinc and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925426 changes in gas pressure. The radiants should not glow more than two thirds of their height if operation is to be safe from carbon monoxide gas and in no case should flame issue from tops of the radiants. These heaters operate best if the gas pressure at the orifice is left constant, regulation being secured by an adjustment at the orifice and not by a cock in the gas line. ' Gas Logs have a very poor efficiency if they are placed in a vented fire place, as the radiating power of a blue flame is low and most of the heat goes up the flue. . Tubular and Cylindrical Radiators give off their heat by radiation from black sheet iron covers, similar to old style coal stoves. They are also made in the shape of a steam radiator, either cast iron or pressed steel being used. Floor Furnaces heat by convection, being placed directly beneath floors and heating the room above by the currents of air set up through the heater. They discharge products of combustion into the heated room. Gas-Fired Steam Radiators permit local heating with close automatic control, without the extremely intense heat that is present when the gas gives up its heat directly to the radiating surface. VENTING It is always safest to vent individual room heaters to an unobstructed chimney. Then no danger can arise from the flame flashing back into the mixer due to low pressure, or from a sudden increase of pressure above that for which the appliance is adjusted. If the gas pressure is certain and constant and if the burner adjustment is correct such appli ances are often vented into ventilated rooms and are considered reasonably safe. In no case, however, should unvented heaters be used in sleeping rooms. CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS Individual room heaters are suitable only for taking the chill off in mild weather; or, in the case of a house heated with a coal boiler or furnace, for warming up a room quickly, while the more sluggish coal burning appliance is getting under way. Central heating with gas offers the opportunity to secure uniform temperature throughout the house and instant response to the wishes of the owner,'without a multiplicity of controls and vents. Gas can be burned efficiently in hot air furnaces designed for the pur pose. The principal requirements in the design of such furnaces are: a path for the hot gas that can be traversed with very little draft loss, thus permitting maintenance of sufficient draft'with a low flue gas temperature; and sufficient surface to insure the transmission of most of the heat by direct contact with the hot gases, as a gas flame gives off very little radiant heat. The heating surface can be placed very close to the burner as com bustion is complete within a short distance from the burner. The use of gas In a coal furnace is unsatisfactory at best. 166 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 INSULATION AND CONTROLS IMPORTANT Gas-fired boilers, designed for gas, give very high efficiencies, 80 per cent (based on gross heat value) being readily obtainable. A properly designed boiler should operate noiselessly at full rating and with a flue : gas temperature not over 50 deg. higher than steam. Gas boilers can be applied to any type of steam or hot water heating system and will give satisfactory service when properly proportioned to the load. To obtain fully the benefits to be realized from the inherent efficiency of the gas boiler, certain precautions should be observed. Chief among these precautions are insulation and controls. A boiler should be thoroughly insulated by a non-conducting fireproof material. A gas pressure regulator should be provided and adjusted to hold at the burners the expected minimum service pressure and the burners adjusted to operate at this pressure. A gas valve, operated either ,by steam pressure or by a thermostat placed in the house, or by both, should be installed. Another requisite for steam jobs is a low water cut-off that will cut-off the gas supply in case the water in the boiler becomes dangerously low. Flues should be provided with some sort of a draft check. This serves the double purpose of keeping the chimney draft low so that the heat lost to the stack will not be excessive and of preventing the pilot-flame from being blown out due to back drafts. The pilot flame should be certain in operation and so placed that it will not be blown out by the slight "pop" that often occurs when the main burners go out. . On account of their small heat storage capacity, gas boilers are par ticularly adaptable to those steam heating systems operating at extremely low pressures; the so-called "vapor" type. The small heat storage . capacity and ability for quick steaming insure instant response to the sensitive steam pressure regulators. %_ RATINGS . Gas appliance manufacturers have followed the custom established by coal appliance manufacturers in rating their product in terms of cubic feet of warm air and square feet of steam or water radiation. The capacity of a gas furnace or boiler is subject to smaller fluctuations than a. boiler employing solid fuel and the element of length of firing period does not enter into consideration. Gas appliance manufacturers rate their boilers in terms comparable with the usual 8-hour rating of coal boilers. In other words, where a 2400 sq. ft. coal boiler would be chosen, a 2400 sq. ft. gas boiler wduld generally be appropriate. '' : It is common practice for gas boiler manufacturers also to rate their boilers in terms of Available B.t.u. per hour. To use this rating the cal culated heat loss from the building is increased by the usual percentage allowed for piping losses and the approjjriate boiler chosen. A gas furnace or boiler will show essentially the. same capacity of efficiency with any gas fuel, provided steps are taken to furnish burner 167 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 equipment and air regulation appropriate to the fuel , burned. Most manufactured gases, although of lower heating value than natural gases, if burned in sufficient volume will produce equivalent results. The heating value of a mixture of gas and air (air just sufficient to burn the gas completely) is almost the same for any typical commercial gas, as is shown in Table 83. FUEL REQUIREMENTS FOR GAS HEATING It is-a fact, based upon observation, that the user of a gas-fired central heating appliance uses more heat during the course of a year than he does when depending upon solid fuel. The extreme ease of starting and operating a gas burning appliance leads to the pilot light being lighted on the first cool day of the season. Thereafter, the system generally operates entirely under thermostatic control and is left in operation on many days when very little heat is required to keep the inside tempera ture at 70 to 72 deg.; days when it would be impracticable to keep a coal fire going. On many cold days, the gas unit is kept operating con tinuously at maximum capacity so that the premises are never permitted to cool below the temperature ordinarily maintained. Table 85 gives an approximate idea of the fuel requirements in various climates, Table 85. Fuel - Requirements for Residential Buildings for Different Outside Temperatures Gas of 500 B.t.u. (Gross) per cu. ft. * Type op System 25 Cu. FT. per Square Foot of Radiation Averacb Outside'Temperature. October 1 to May 1 30 35 40 45 60 55 Water......... .. ...... Vapor.................. Steam.................. 850 1080 1380 775 985 1260 700 890 1140 625 795 1020 550 700 900 475 605 780 400 510 650 The figures are based on maintaining a temperature of 70 deg. fahr. over practically the entire bouse, or 15-hr. per day. '- (Requirements for gases of other heating values vary inversely as the heating value; e.g., for natural gas of 1000 B.t.u., consumption per sq. ft. is one-half that shown, in table.) . The requirements of individual installations may vary considerably from an average of several. Generally stores, offices, factories, and other commercial buildings require less heat per season than do residential buildings provided with an equal amount of radiation. . s. WASTE FROM USING GAS IN COAL-BURNING APPARATUS ' In coal furnaces or boilers, the path traveled by the hot gases is relatively short and the surface with which they come in contact is relatively small as compared to gas heating apparatus. A large pro , 168 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 portion of the heat in the coal is given off by the incandescent fuel bed as radiant heat. As a gas flame radiates very little heat, the hot products of combustion must come in direct contact with the heating surfaces. For this reason the use of gas in coal-burning appliances is always wasteful and about three times as much gas will be required than if it were burned in a properly designed appliance. The gas-burning appliances have a longer fire travel and more heating surface than those burning coal and can therefore absorb more heat from the hot products of combustion in a given time. Coal-burning boilers are constructed with large passages for the flue gas so that the draft loss through them can be kept as small as possible, thus permitting most of the chimney draft to be exerted in drawing the air through the fuel bed. When gas is burned under a .boiler with such liberal passages, the draft becomes too great and the stack losses become excessive. A boiler designed for gas can have restricted passages for the products of combustion, permitting them to come into very intimate - contact with-the heating surfaces. The experiences of the gas companies in several large cities with conversions have been such as to discourage, their use. Warm air furnaces, designed for use with manufactured or natural gas, are available in sizes ranging from 5000 to 20,000 cu. ft. rated capacity. House-heating boilers, of the cast iron sectional type, designed especially for gas fuel, are available in single units ranging from 200 to 7500 sq. ft. of equivalent direct radiation. . CROSS-CONNECTING COAL AND GAS BOILERS Quite frequently, when a customer has already a coal boiler in his home, it is desirable to leave the coal boiler in place, and to cross-connect the gas boiler with it. For small gas companies or any others where there is any possible chance of a shortage or failure of gas, it would seem -to be good practice to encourage cross-connecting as the customer would .^lalize very little for a second-hand coal boiler, and it is worth more to him as a safeguard against failure of his gas system than he would realize by selling it. It also produces a more secure feeling in the; cus tomer's mind when putting in gas-fired house-heating equipment, if he - knows that he can burn coal at any time he has occasion to. There is ' almost no difference in the cost of an installation, whether it is crossconnected or displaced. Cross-connection also gives the customer a means of disposing of 'papers, crating and other waste material. , In hot water heating systems, it is necessary to valve off the return ' pipes on the coal boiler, which prevents circulation through the latter when the gas boiler is in use. Since the gas boiler holds comparatively little water and is almost always insulated, no valves are needed on the return pipes to the gas boiler. Hence, by opening the valves on the coal boiler, it may be operated independently or in conjunction with the gas boiler. . For steam or vapor installation, it is necessary to valve off all of the returns and flows on each boiler unless the gas boiler is set so that the 169 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 water-line in both boilers is at the same level, in which case it is neces sary to valve off only the coal boiler to prevent the heating of the water in the coal boiler when it is not in use. The gas boiler should be set as close to the coal boiler as practicable, and the flows and returns should cut into the flows and returns of the coal boiler as near to the latter as possible. 170 Chapter XII AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL By Samuel R. Lewis, Member EMPERATURE regulation is a vital function in the human body. TWe all carry about with us remarkably effective automatic heat control equipment. In the best functioning of many social and com mercial services, automatic temperature regulation is proved to be necessary, not only to comfort and health, but also to the prevention of waste and to the perfection of manufacturing processes. Temperature control is usually, achieved by preventing overheating. It follows that automatic heat control is a better term than automatic temperature regulation, and it is obvious that automatic heat control in itself must always effect an economy. All heating apparatuses must be sufficient in capacity to render acceptable service under the most arduous conditions. The most arduous conditions, especially as to extreme cold outside, are in effect only a small part of the heating season. It may surprise many people to realize that in Chicago, for instance, the most extreme cold prevails only on about six days per year. Hence there is ample ability and strong prob ability for overheating during the major part of each heating season unless automatic control of the heating apparatus is provided. Ventilating systems without automatic heat control give trouble from drate. . . Rooms neated by radiators can be cooled more quickly by opening windows than by shutting radiator valves, so that it is found that great heat waste occurs through open windows and open radiator valves, unless automatic heat control is furnished. '. Gas and oil heaters and similar devices using quickly responsive fuels become prohibitively expensive for fuel unless automatic heat control is used. . Service hot-water heaters must have automatic control, not only for economy and satisfaction, but also to prevent scalding the bodies of users. Thermostats are very simple mechanisms. Almost every physical thing expands or changes under the influence of heat and so can be made into a more or less effective thermostat. Liquids can be compounded which will become gases at any reasonable temperature desired. Metals having different rates of expansion can be harnessed together so as to give a greatly increased thermostatic movement. Common air is an excellent thermostatic medium, and is used extensively. There are two general divisions into which devices for automatic heat control may be grouped, as follows: 1. The simpler class includes the type in which the thermostats and the valves and dampers which they operate are self-contained without any outside power, gaining 171 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 sufficient energy from the thermostat itself. This class of apparatus is especially adpated to single installations, as for service hot-water heaters; residence heating,' and the like. It'is suggested that this kind of.thermostat be called the unit type. In present commercial practice most unit type thermostats use the expansive power of a liquid or gas, contained in a hermetically sealed receptacle. , # 2. The other and more elaborate class of thermostat, Fig. 60, includes the type of thermostat which controls air or liquid or electricity already under pressure, and which by controlling this outside power, operates the dampers or valves against springs or weights and similar opposition which will reverse conditions when the outside power is shut-off. There is practically no limit to the power which can be applied in this manner. It is suggested that this kind of thermostat be called the pilot type. In present commercial practice, pilot type thermostats are used for large buildings, where many . thermostats are required, usually with air at about 15 lb. pressure, from an electric or steam compressor. ' . Compressed air is a very reliable agent, capable of great flexibility and elaboration of control, and is of considerable corollary use for remote Fig. 61. Example of Thermostat Using Outside Power . Note.--When thermostat opens, air passes from reservoir hnd closes valve. When thermostat closes, air between thermostat and valve is released and spring opens valve. operation manually of distant dampers and valves. Pilot type ther mostats are used to operate electric switches, the current then passing to electric motors or to magnets which move the dampers and valves. Electricity is so flexible and adaptable that very complicated and elaborate interlocked functions are possible. Pilot type thermostats are also used to operate valves on pipes from water supply mains, thus using hydraulic power for moving valves and' dampers. Owing to silting up of pipes which have sluggish currents and to corrosion, this method is not always to be advised. 1 172 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 APPLICATIONS OF AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL New uses and styles are developed daily. Some of the applications will be listed which are believed to be approved methods of installation. Tempering Heaters The tempering heaters, particularly if they are of copper with extended surfaces, and there is a two-pipe vacuum system of steam circulation having a vacuum pump, should be a separate outer layer of radiation capable of heating the air from the coldest temperature likely to be encountered to a temperature above freezing. This outer layer should be controlled by an outside thermostat set to shut off steam when the outside temperature reaches around 34 deg., and to keep steam turned on when the outside temperature is cooler than 34 deg. There should be an additional layer of tempering heater, controlled by an additional thermostat in the duct beyond the fan, where mixing of the strata of air has been accomplished by the fan. This thermostat should be set to control the temperature at the desired degree for cooling the building, such as will give an average temperature at the delivery opening of say 65 deg., or if this causes drafts, at a slightly higher temperature.- If there is no vacuum system of steam circulation, it is decidedly likely that any attempt to control the temperature by opening and closing steam and return valves will result unfavorably, due to freezing of the radiation and sudden temperature fluctuations in the rooms, as tempering heaters are immediately responsive and flash hot or freeze solid with great rapidity.- Where no vacuum system is available it will be wiser to control the. tempering heaters by means of dampers, preferably of the interlocked double type operating in a- slow or intermediate manner and reducing positively the air volume through the heaters as they increase the air volume through the by-pass around the heaters. Under this condition no diaphragm valves will be placed on the tempering heater supply and return connections. Air Washers The air washer should invariably be placed between an outer tempering heater capable of warming the air above a freezing temperature, pre ferably- controlled by an outside thermostat, and an inner tempering heater capable of warming the conditioned air to the desired delivery temperature and controlled by a thermostat in the duct beyond the fan. It is never permissible to use a by-pass damper around a tempering heater in front of an air washer.. Control of humidity is possible by adjustment of the temperature of the air as it meets the water, and in greater refinement, by control with an additional thermostat, of the water temperature, cooler for lower relative humidity, possibly from a refrigerated supply; and warmer for a higher relative humidity, possibly from a heated supply. Room 'lffnperatures The room temperatures are controlled by individual thermostats, operating valves on the radiators and mixing dampers in the flues, as may be necessary. If a vacuum system of steam circulation is installed, 173 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 W5V.-! 'Vv* Suppose that there is a lan drawing through a heater composed of five layers, and delivering air directly to an auditorium, or to a picture theatre. The thermostat in the room ordinarily will strive to keep the room cool. ]f there are many occupants and many artificial lights, the. problem will be to keep cool rather than warm, and the room thermostat, in a temperature above that at which it is set to operate, will ordinarily shut-off all heat, while the fan will deliver unheated air. In a room at 80 deg. fhe admission of air colder than about 70 deg. (depending on the point of entry) will cause discomfort from drafts. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 at the heater to reduce the temperature, but will be set so that when the duct tempera . ture lowers to the critical point of the'duct thermostat, the latter takes control and prevents the entering air from getting so cool as to cause drafts. Unit Ventilating Systems . These individual fan-radiator units are usually equipped with highly efficient radiators in one section, having one supply and one return valve, and depend on nicely adjusted dampers for mixing the heated air with unheated air to gain a desirable admission temperature. It is usually not wise to operate the steam supply valves with thermostats, since freezing may occur, and it is usually not practicable to install in these units separate tempering heaters with separate automatic control. The approved procedure is to use an intermediate or slow acting room ther mostat for operating the mixing dampers in the unit. This thermostat may also operate the radiator valves if a vacuum system of steam circu lation is provided. If the steam circulation is single pipe, or any kind of gravity type,, the direct radiators should have positive thermostats. The fresh air intakes to the units should be closed when the building is unoccupied, and the human operator cannot be trusted, especially in an installation comprising many units, to do this by manual means at each unit. An excellent recourse is to handle these cold air intake dampers by a compressed air line running from the control point, say in the boiler room, which by manual opening of a valve permits air to pass to all of the units and to open all of the inlet dampers, the arrangement being such that the dampers will always be held shut by springs or weights when no air is permitted to pass or when the air compressor is shut down. Direct-Indirect Radiators Direct-indirect radiators are usually housed in, having cold air inlets at their bases, and.give rather a make-shift type of ventilation. It is not practicable usually to install mixing dampers, such as are used with fan-units, in these, and since the heating surface is in a single radiator calculated for the coldest air inlet temperature, regulation is difficult. The best results are obtained, where the use of direct-indirect radiators', is necessary, by installing slow acting thermostats on special brackets directly above the radiators where the thermostat will be exposed to the air currents from the outside, and arranging for these to receive air only through additional thermostats placed in the room and controlling the direct radiators. There should be a.vacuum system of steam circulation, and the thermostats should be of slow or intermediate acting type, operating on the supply valves to the radiators. Hot-Water Radiators Hot-water radiators lend themselves to automatic heat control,, especially where the circulation of water is of the forced type, but as the radiators heat and cool rather slowly, there will be some temperature fluctuation or range at the thermostat, especially when the radiator surface is excessive in amount. It is wise to use supply valves which will close tightly and to place lock-shield valves on the return ends of . 175 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 radiators,, to facilitate repairs, and the lock-shield valves may prove invaluable in equalizing with great nicety the circulation. In residence heating with hot-water it often suffices to install a general thermostat in some representative room, which controls the draft, as with- coal, or which controls the fire, as with gas or oil, but there should always be furnished in addition a thermostat in the water or circulating medium which will reinforce the general thermostat and which will prevent boiling over in case the latter should be subjected to unfair exposure such as an open window. TherooaUt American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Warm-air heating for residences may be controlled by a general thermostat in a representative room, and again,, as with hot water, an additional thermostat at the furnace in the warm air chamber is desirable to reinforce the general thermostat. ' Service Hot-Water Heating It is safe to say that no service hot-water heater should ever be installed without automatic heat control. A unit type thermostat is most desir able, since it will function whether or not the general mechanical apparatus is in service, and will control steam and return valves or ,, draft dampers, oil or gas fires, or electric heaters. . In hotels, hospitals and similar institutions, there should always be at least two independent water heaters, one having very hot water for Fig. 64. An Arrangement for Tempered Air with Warm Air Furnaces Fig. 65. Steam Heated Service Water Heater Warm-Air Heating With warm-air heating from furnaces, with fans, as in public buildings, it is always necessary to provide a supply of tempered air for cooling after the rooms become warm. A duct thermostat and dampers easily and positively will accomplish this, either by mixing some cold air with heated air from the furnaces in an intermediate chamber, or by injecting some hot air from the furnaces into the cold air at the fan inlet, recir culating a measured and controlled part of the air around the furnaces. The room temperatures are controlled by intermediate thermostats and double mixing dampers the same as for-a steam system, Fig. 66. Typical Arrangement for Oil Burner kitchen uses, the other having water of medium temperature for bath and lavatory purposes, both controlled automatically. Thermostatic anti-scalding devices are available for showers and the like, but these will not prevent the great heat waste due to maintenance of scalding temperatures for bath/ water. No kitchen administration is satisfied without very hot water, but this demand is intermittent and small in volume as compared with usual, bath and lavatory demands. Oil Burner Control No oil burning apparatus, unless provided with automatic heat control, can compete in operating cost with coal. An approved method for residence heating with oil is to install the following combination: 1.77 ' ' . . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 1. A general thermostat in a representative room, controlling the electric supply, to the burner motor. ' ' 2. An additional thermostat in the boiler or furnace which will take control should No. 1 thermostat fail to prevent improper or unsafe temperature being maintained inside the heater. 3. An additional thermostat at the gas pilot'which, unless kept warm by the pilot flame, will bring about the opening of the main switch to the burner motor, thus insuring that no fuel shall be injected unless a flame is in being surely to ignite it. There are many other combinations for giving assured protection with oil burners other than thermostatic devices, such as pressure and weight-actuated mechanisms, but it is doubtful whether they are as reliable as the thermostatically controlled schemes. Where electric ignition for the intermittent oil spray is used, it is safer to provide for a continuously operating spark, and to have a thermostat in the heater which will cut out the main switch if the tempera ture ever gets lower than the critical point which indicates failure to ignite the spray. Gas Burner Control . The same high intensity as with oil fuel makes it necessary to depend on thermostats to prevent waste, and the intermittent operation and necessity for a pilot flame makes it wise to install for gas the same combination of three thermostats' as for oil burners, one on the general service, one in the heater and one on the pilot flame: DOUBLE THERMOSTATIC CONTROL Nearly all buildings equipped with a large number of thermostats and using compressed air for power, are occupied only part of each 24 hours, and can without any prejudice be kept at a lower. temperature during unoccupied periods, as over night or over a holiday. The con ventional thermostats as ordinarily applied militate against this arbi trary reduction, and each instrument would have to be adjusted each .time for the lower degree, and then each would have to be restored following the unoccupied period. Equipment is available which provides two temperature.adjustments to each instrument, such that if the general air pressure leading from the central compressor to the thermostat is suddenly changed, the service is switched automatically from one control to the other, and if the pressure again shall be suddenly changed, the service will be switched back. Thus at 6 o'clock P. M., say, the engineer of an office building releases the air pressure for an instant and all of the . thermostats are switched from the 68 deg. control to the 45 deg. control. Either control, of course, is set for any temperature desired. At say 7 o'clock the following morning, a repetition of the drop in air pressure will restore to service the 68 deg. temperature. . 178 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 In a school building the compressed air supply mains may be grouped so that parts of the building used for night school only remain on. the , 68 deg. service, while others can be thrown over to the alternate service and kept much cooler until again required for occupancy. A familiar scheme similar to the foregoing, with a cooler temperature automatically maintained during the night and increased early in the morning is in use, with the switch operated by a clock, for residence work. Central Station Heating Central plants should always be governed by thermostats as a measure of economy, and many public service companies require the installation of automatic heat control for this reason. Where economy is of greater consideration than comfort, it often suffices to install one unit type thermostat in a representative room, this controlling a main valve at the entrance to the building. . Where steam at appreciable pressure is furnished from a central station, a combination of pressure reducing valve and cut-off valve, con trolled, by a thermostat in a representative room, gives excellent results, as it automatically varies the steam pressure in the radiating surface within a considerable range, giving excellent regulation as well as economy. Automobile Engine Control The importance of thermostatic regulation of the cylinder temperature of internal combustion engines has long been recognized, but until comparatively recent developments in the production of thermostats, has been ignored in practice. . Now the majority of automobiles are provided with thermostats in the cooling medium controlling the volume of air passing the radiator by means of shutters. Several widely advertised and highly developed makes have thermostatic control of valves in the circulating medium. AUTOMATIC HEAT CONTROL IN INDUSTRY Automatic control of heat in manufacturing processes is believed to be still in its infancy. The promotion and development of automatic heat control was hard pioneering for many years. The reward for this pioneering seems to be in process of realization in the fabulous uses of thermostats in industry. Without automatic heat control in innumerable manufacturing pro cesses, what now are sure and perfect reactions would be only occasional successes, and the cost of production would be much higher. In beet sugar making there are at least eleven processes where exact thermostatic control is imperative. In tanning, leather there are at least fourteen such stages. ` Without exact temperature and humidity control, no fine printing is possible, and no good weaving or dyeing is assured. . 179 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 In the preparation of most food products automatic heat control is vital. ' Thermostats prevent scorching in clothes dryers. They reduce evaporation and are a safety device for oil storage tanks. They are essential to control gelatine temperature in making photo graphic films. They are used to control paraffin vats in making waxed papier, milk containers, etc. They control baking ovens, no matter how the ovens are heated. A thermostat is a necessary equipment with each automatic refrigerating machine. Chapter XIII . INSULATION . By L. B. McMillan, Member HE determination as to whether or not pipes and other heated Tsurfaces should be insulated is based on the magnitude of the losses from such surfaces if they were allowed to remain bare. Fig. 67 shows the rate of bare surface losses under still air conditions in B.t.u. pier square foot per degree tempierature difference per hour (Curve 1, Trans. A. S. H. & V. E., Vol. 26, p. 368) and the total losses in pounds. of coal per year (Curve 2). The latter is based on 10,000 B.t.u. available pier pound of coal and 8760 hours per year. Where surfaces are npt heated for entire year, losses for actual period of opieration may readily be obtained by multiplying values taken from Curve 2 by the appro priate proportion. This also applies to the losses in dollars per year shown in Fig. 68. 180 181 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 fri-V' . . Ivt.- (?.'" American. Society o/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 . HEAT LOSSES FROM INSULATED SURFACES . > . . . Fig. 68 shows the losses from appropriately insulated surfaces compared with losses from bare surfaces. It will be noted that it was necessary to plot the upper part of the bare surface curve to a greatly reduced scale in order to show it on the same sheet with the curves for losses through insulation. Therefore, for a true measure of the relative losses from bare and insulated surfaces, compare the numerical value of the ordinates of the curves rather than the apparent spaces between the curves on the chart. - The chart, Fig. 68, is based on still air conditions, room temperature of 70 deg. fahr., and 5 in. pipe size. The effect of pipe size on losses through insulations of various thicknesses is shown in Fig. 69. (Trans. A. S. H. & V. E., Vol. 26, p. 375). .. SURFACE TEMPERATURE -DEG.FAHR. Fig. 68. Losses from Appropriately Insulated Surfaces as. Compared with Losses from Bake Surfaces . Note.---The scale showing Dollars loss per sq. ft. per year is based on a unit cost of $1-00 per 1,000,000 B.t.u. The actual cost is usually less than this where heat is derived directly from burning coal or oil, but may be greater where illuminating gas or electricity is the source of'heat. However, the use of $1.00 as . the unit greatly simplifies the use of the chart in connection with any cost per 1,000,000 available B.t.u. All that is necessary is to multiply the values from the chart by the ratio of the actual exist to $1.00. For example, if the cost of heat is $.50 per 1,000.000 B.t.u., multiply values from the chart in dollars by 0.5, etc.. 182 v Fig. 69. Variation with Pipe Size of Rate of Heat Transmission Through a Given Thickness of Insulation For equations by means of which heat losses may be calculated for any thickness of insulation on any pipe size see Trans. A. S. H. & V. E., Vol. 26, p. 360. Refer also to Manufacturers' Data for heat losses and efficiencies of different insulations on various sizes of pipes. RADIATING SURFACE OF PIPES . In order to determine heat losses per linear foot of pipe from known losses per square foot, it is necessary to know the number of square feet area per linear foot of pipe. Table 86 gives these areas for various standard pipe sizes. 183 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 CONDUCTIVITIES OF INSULATING MATERIALS The conductivities, in B.t.u. per square foot per hour per inch thick per degree fahr. temperature difference, of various insulating materials are given in Table 87. It should be emphasized that in this table all variables due to differences in thickness, different pipe sizes, and different air conditions, are eliminated. Table 86. Radiating Surface per Linear Foot of Pipe Pipe Size In. A A l IK 1A Surface Sq. Ft. 0.22 0.275 0.344 0.435 0.498 Pipe Size In. 2 2A 3 3A 4 Surface Sq. Ft. 0.622 0.753 0.917 1.047 1.178 Pipe Size In. 5 6 8 10 12 Surface Sq. Ft. 1.456 1.734 2.257 2.817 3.338 Table 87. Conductivities of Various Insulating Materials Asbestos-Sponge Felted Wool Felt_..................... 85% Magnesia-..... ...... Carocel__ ____________ Nonpareil H. P_______ Plastic. 85% Magnesia Asbestocel.. Expanded Asbestos..-' Indented........................ .. Molded Asbestos.......... Air Cell____ __ VJtribestos,,,,.,, Asbestos Fire Belt......... Corkboard.... ......... Hair Felt......... _ _ Con duc tivity Tbmp. Dipf. at which Conduc tivity was De termined Dec. Fahr. Authority 0.468 0.521 0.54 0.54 0.543 0.587 0.596 0.598 0.686 0.778 0.802 1.087 1.093 0.304 0.246 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 36 36 Trans. A. S. hi. E.,V<s\. 37, p. 968 Trans. A.S. Af. E.. Vol. 40, p. 667 Trans. A. S. M. E.. Vol. 37. p. 968 Trans. A. S. H. & V. E.. Vol. 26, p. 406 1915 1915 1918 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1915 1920 1920 Table 88. \ Proper Thickness of Insulations for Maximum Net Saving Steam Pressures (Lb. Gage) Steam Temperatures (Deg. Fahr.) . Thickness of Insulation Pipe larger Pipes Pipes than 4 in. 2 in. to 4 in. Hin-tolHin. 6 to 25 25 to 100 100 to 200 Higher Pressure or Superheat Higher Pressure or Superheat 212 to 267 267 to 338 338 to 388 388 to 500 500 to 600 1 in. in. 2 in. in. 3 in. 1 in. 1 in. 1H in. 2 in. 2^ in. 1 in. 1 in. X in. 1A in. 2 ia. 184 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ECONOMICAL THICKNESS OF INSULATION Table 88 (Trans. A. S. H. & V. E., Vol. 26, p. 377) shows the thick nesses of insulation which will give most economical results under average conditions. Fig. 70. Heat Losses from Surfaces Exposed to Various Air Velocities EFFECT OF AIR VELOCITY ON SURFACE LOSSES The rate of heat loss frorn a surface maintained at constant tempera ture is greatly increased by air circulation over the surface. Fig. 70 (Iron & Steel Engineer, July, 1925), is based on Langmuir's equations (Trans. Am. Electro Chem, Soc., Vol. 23). Other investigators have shown even greater increases in rates of Heat loss from bare surfaces due to air velocity. 185 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 EFFECT OF AIR VELOCITY ON LOSSES FROM INSULATED SURFACES In the case of well-insulated surfaces the increases in losses due to air velocity are very small as compared with increases shown above for bare surfaces, because of the fact that air flowing over the surface of the insulation can increase only the rate of heat transfer from surface to air, and cannot change the internal resistance to heat flow inherent in the insulation itself. The maximum increase in heat loss due to air velocity ranges from about 30 per cent in the case of 1 in. thick insulation, to about 10 per cent in the case of 3 in. thick insulation, provided that the insulation is thoroughly sealed so that, air can flow only over the surface. If the conditions are such that the air may circulate through cracks and crevasses in the insulation, the increases may be far greater than those given above. Therefore, it is essential that insulation be sealed as tightly as possible. Pipe insulation out of doors should be provided with a weatherproof jacket, and other outdoor insulation should be thoroughly weatherproofed. HEATING CONDUITS When steam pipes are run between buildings they should be placed in some form of waterproof conduit which will withstand earth loads and take care of the expansion and contraction of the piping without strain or stress on the couplings, and without affecting the insulation or conduit. Expansion of the piping must be carefully controlled by means of anchors and expansion joints or bends so that the pipes can never come in contact with the conduit. The anchors used are usually U-shaped steel straps which partially encircle the pipes and are firmly bolted to a short length of structural steel set in concrete. TEN IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT INSTALLATION In laying out conduits of this type the following points should be borne in mind: 1. The conduit should be laid out in successive straight runs between manholes or anchor pits. 2. An anchor should be placed wherever the line changes "direction. 3. An expansion joint or bend must be placed between each two anchors. 4. Manholes should be provided at each expansion joint. Where slip joints are used manholes should be vented. 5. Branches should be taken off at or near an anchor. 6. If the distance between buildings is less than 150 ft. and the steam line contains high pressure steam, it may be anchored in the basement of one building and allowed to expand into the basement of the second building. If the steam line contains low pressure steam (up 186 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 to 4-lb. pressure), this method .may be used if buildings are less than 250 ft. apart. . ' . 7. If the distance between buildings is between 150 ft. and 300 ft. and the steam line contains high-pressure steam, the lines should be anchored midway between the buildings and allowed to expand into the basements of both buildings. If the steam line contains low-pressure steam this method may be used if buildings are between 250 ft. and 500 ft. apart. No manhole is required at the anchor, and a blind pit is all that is necessary. . 8. For longer lines manholes must be located according to judgment and depending upon the expansion value of the type of expansion joint or bend that is used. The minimum number of manholes will be required when an expansion bend or an anchor with double expansion joint is placed in each manhole, and the pipes are anchored midway between manholes. 9. Stabilizers to maintain alignment of pipes should be placed on each side of each expansion bend. 10. A proper hydrostatic test should be applied to the piping before top of conduit is applied and before application of insulation. The pressure used in this test should be greater than the pressure used in service, and should be not iess than 100 lb. per square inch in any case. : . STYLES AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONDUITS COMMONLY USED Filler Type.--The pipes are supported on rollers placed on a steel rod which rests on an iron frame. The frame is set on a concrete or mortar base. The pipes are protected by a split tile conduit, and the entire space between the pipes and the tile is filled with an insulating filler. Thus the pipes are nested and_ the insulation between them and the tile effectively prevents circulation of air. The conduit is placed on a bed of gravel or crushed rock from 4 to 6 in. thick, which is extended upward so as to come about 2 in. above the parting lines of the tile. A tile underdrain is placed beneath the conduit throughout the entire length and is. connected to existing sewers led to some other point of free discharge. Insulated Tile Type.--The insulating material, which is diatomaceous earth, is molded to the inside of a split tile conduit. The pipes are sup ported on rollers, which in turn are supported by an iron frame which extends through the conduit and rests on a tile base which also serves as an underdrain. The space between the pipes and the insulating conduit lining may also be filled with an insulating filler. The conduit, insula tion, piping and earth load are supported by the base drain. A few inches of gravel or crushed rock are placed about the conduit and the base drain. Sectional Insulation Type (Tile Conduit).--Each pipe is insulated in the usual way with any desired type of sectional pipe insulation over which is placed a jacket of standard asphalt waterproof roofing with cemented joints. The pipes are enclosed in a split tile, conduit which is placed on a bed of crushed rock or gravel from 4 to 6 in. thick. -This . 187 '' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 gravel bed is extended upward so as to come about 2 in. above the parting lines of the tile. Underdrains are sometimes omitted where this type is used, any water which seeps into the conduit being allowed to flow down the bottom of the conduit to the nearest manhole. Drains are laid from the floor of each manhole to some point of free discharge. The pipes'are supported on roller frames and these, according to the type of conduit used, are either supported by the conduit itself or have their lower parts set in concrete thus supporting the pipes independent of the conduit. . . Sectional Insulation Type (Bituminized Fibre Conduit).--Each pipe is individually insulated, and encased in a bituminized fibre conduit. The insulating material is 85 per cent carbonate of magnesia sectional pipe covering, applied in the usual manner as on overhead pipes, except that bands are omitted. After every fifth section Of magnesia covering there is applied a short, hollow section of very hard asbestos material in the bottom portion of which rests a grooved-iron plate carrying ball-bearings upon which the pipe rides when expanding or contracting. This short expansion section is of the same outside diameter as the adjacent. 85 per cent magnesia covering. Over the pipe covering and expansion device there are placed two layers of bituminized fibre conduit with all joints staggered and the surface o,f each conduit finished with liquid cement. Conduits are placed on a bed of crushed rock or gravel, approxi mately 6 in. deep, and this is extended upward to about the center line of the conduit when trench is backfilled. Underdrains leading to points of free discharge are placed in the gravel or crushed rock beds. Wooden Conduit.--Each pipe is enclosed in a tin-lined wooden casing. Sufficient space is allowed between the pipe and the casing to provide for the insertion of pipe guides or rollers which rest on the bottom of the casing. The casings are bedded in gravel or broken stone and one or more tile underdrains are laid beneath them. \ 188 PART II Chapter XIV ' VENTILATION By Perry West, Member VENTILATION is the science which has to do with the maintenance of such indoor air conditions as are most conducive to proper health and comfort. Practical ventilation results may mean anything from the very best to the very poorest in quality and from the maximum to nothing in quantity. Ventilation perfection is, however; a very definite thing which may be defined as follows: ' . That atmospheric condition in every part of indoor space occupied by human beings which is continually maintained with a proper amount of oxygen; free from dust, bacteria, objectionable odors, poisonous and other objectionable substances; with suitable air movements and at the temperature and humidity quality shown within the zone .of human comfort as defined by the joint research work of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, the United States Bureau of Mines and the United States Bureau of Public Health. Taking this as the highest aim of ventilation and calling it 100 per cent the other extreme of 0 per cent of ventilation may be defined as follows: That atmospheric condition in any part of indoor space occupied by human beings where one or more of the above enumerated factors is or are maintained so as to separately or collectively inflict death or permanent injury upon human beings. Between these two extremes are the wide range of conditions met with in practice. . . Good ventilation may be defined as follows: . That percentage of perfection of the above factors which is warranted by the require ments of human health, comfort and efficiency on the one hand and expense and iabor to produce these conditions (wherever they do not naturally exist) on the other.- The science of ventilation began its existence with, and is still growing out of, the fact that wherever human beings'assemble, within an enclosed space the atmosphere within, this space will become vitiated, unless proper provisions are made to prevent it. It is the difficulty of deter mining and applying these'proper provisions of prevention that has kept physiologist arid ventilating engineers busy for so many years endeavoring to produce anything like satisfactory results. The commonly accepted usage of the term vitiated atmosphere has for a long time continued to,designate conditions which cause unpleasant, uncomfortable or unhealthful physiological reactions, but our inter pretations of the true causes and meanirigs of these reactions have undergone many vital changes with the progress of the art and our growth in its knowledge. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 In other words the physiological effects of poor ventilation have con tinued to manifest'themselves in much the same way but our knowledge of these manifestations are continually changing. Among the effects, which have received the greatest amount of study and which are now generally recognized as direct results of poor ventila tion, are the following: Drowsiness, headache, loss of physical vitality, feeling of suffocation, temperature discomfort, brain fag, irritation of the membranes of throat, nose and lungs, infection, drying and cracking of and the causing of unnatural discharges from these membranes, disagree able odors, loss of appetite, nervousness and general nausea. OLD VENTILATION THEORIES DISCARDED ' ; It is only within the last 20 years that all of these manifestations of poor ventilation have been definitely recognized and our present era of ventilation started. Prior to this time practically all artificial ventilation was attempted on what might be termed a quantity basis. This, on the theory that the carbon dioxide, exhaled by persons in an occupied space was the primary cause of such of these manifestations as were then recognized. As a result of this theory it was believed that the all important thing about ventilation was the quantity of air necessary to be brought in from the outside in order to maintain an atmosphere containing not more than ten parts of carbon dioxide per 10,000 parts, by volume, within any properly ventilated space. This, as the basic theory of artificial ventilation, has long been deposed and discredited among engineers, scientists and physiologists, but there are those who still cling to this theory, either in its original form or in one of its'many modifications. When it was first learned that the quantity of carbon dioxide ordinarily found in even poorly ventilated spaces could not, of itself, be entirely responsible for the unsatisfactory conditions met with under such circumstances, the possibility of other causes began to be seriously investigated. There followed a period in which it was believed that some form of poisonous effluvia was exhaled with the human breath and that this was responsible for the vitiation of the atmosphere within spaces occupied, by human beings. Later this idea was disproven and then it was believed that something might be excreted from the pores of the skin or that small particles might be given off from the body or the internal membranes so that the atmosphere became thus contaminated with matter, which upon decom position formed toxins or poisons to cause the effects noted. This rather fanciful theory was soon discredited, however, and then began the real study of the subject which has finally brought us to the conclusions upon which we are now working. QUALITY VS. QUANTITY It may be noted here that the basic idea of ventilation today is quality rather than quantity, or the proper conditioning and distributing of a smalt quantity of air by efficient compact means rather than the poor conditioning and poor distributing of larger quantities with apparatus too cumbersome and expensive to be kept in operation. 190 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 THE PRESENT STATUS OF VENTILATION The result of all of this has brought us down to the present status of the art where it is no longer felt that the chemical composition of the air is the important factor but that proper ventilation depends more largely upon a number of other factors which may be stated in the order of their importance as follows: 1. Air Supply 2. Air Temperature 3. Air Cleanliness in reference to its freedom from dust and other suspended matter 4. Air Sanitation with reference to its freedom from bacteria 5. Relative Humidity 6. Distribution 7. Air Motion 8. Freedom from odors 9. Freedom from other injurious sub stances. 10. Freedom from monotony, with ref erence to noise and too much regularity of indoor conditions '' Air supply is still put at the head of the list for the simple reason that while this is no longer considered to be the all important factor in ventila tion the amount of air to be supplied per person or the number of air changes to be furnished for any particular space will always be the starting point, for without air supply there can be no artificial ventilation. . The air supply is so vitally effected by the other factors mentioned that it cannot be determined independently and it will be seen that while this . item is placed at the head of the list for the reason that it is the natural vehicle upon which the structures is carried, its importance beyond this point becomes subordinate to these other factors. Air temperature is second for the reason that it has been proven by practically all of the accredited experimenters that over-heating is more detrimental to the quality of ventilation than any other one thing. Air cleanliness is third for the reason that it has to do with human health both from the standpoint of freedom from dust and other suspended substances, which irritate and clog the air passages, and from the stand point of freedom from bacteria and other infectious media carried along with these substances which constitute the dirt in air. Air sanitation is fourth as it also has to do with human health and is correlated with the third item. Relative humidity is fifth, not because it is of so much less importance than air supply and temperature but because it also bears such an inti mate relationship with these two items that it receives a part of its due consideration in their determination. This will be further referred to in connection with air supply and air temperature in connection with which other factors are involved.,' ' . Distribution is sixth for a similar reason, for while it occupies a much more important place than this position might indicate, it is so intimately connected with the effective air supply that it receives a part of its con sideration therewith. Air motion is seventh in the same way, as it too receives a certain amount of its consideration in connection with effective temperature. Freedom from odors is eighth for the reason that while odors may become 191 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 quite disagreeable and even nauseating they are seldom dangerous or permanently detrimental to health. ' Freedom from other injurious substances is ninth, not because this might not be of more importance but because these substances are met with so seldom in ordinary ventilating practice and must be practically eliminated in any case. Freedom from monotony is tenth because it has to do with the last refinements and the psychology of ventilation only. These were the first two steps in the new era of ventilation, first--the discovery and admission of our ignorance and second--the recognition of these important factors. The next step was to determine what bearing each of these factors had upon ventilation and to devise some effects in comparable terms. This work was undertaken by Dr. E. Vernon Hill, who assisted by O. W. Armspach, devised the Synthetic Air Chart which was adopted as the Society's standard in 1920. The synthetic air chart is a convenient means by which the ventilating engineer can determine the percentage of perfection of ventilation in any occupied space. The percentage of perfection desirable depends upon the purpose for which the room is occupied. Dr. E. Vernon Hill suggests the percentages indicated in Table 89 as minimum requirements. Table 89. Dr. E. Vernon Hill's Recommended Percentages of Ventilation Perfection for Different Classes of Buildings when Tested According to the Synthetic Air Chart Schools New Buildings Per Cent Existing Buildings Per Cent Class Rooms........................................................ :............. :....... 95 . Manual Training Rooms........................................................ . 90 Domestic Science Rooms........................................................ 90 Assembly Rooms....................................................................... 90 Toilet Rooms.............................................................................. 85 85 90 85 85 85 80 80 85 80 - Hospital ' Operating Rooms...................................................................... Other Rooms.............................................................................. 95 98 90 90 93 85 Theatres Seating Sections......................................................................... Dressing Rooms, etc.......... ..................................................... 90 85 85 80 Dance, Lodge and Assembly Halls..................................... 88 83 OnCE BUILDINGS Offices in office buildings or other buildings where persons'are continuously employed............................... 90 . 85 Factobt Buildings The percentage desirable for factory buildings will vary over a considerable range, depending upon the character of the work and of the process employed, modified to a considerable degree by the dust content of the air and the possibility of maintaining it free from objectionable dust and fumes. This will require a careful classification and considerable study. 192 American Society o/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 FIVE CLASSIFICATIONS FOR EQUIPMENT Engineering data is available for designing to meet these requirements. The following five classes of equipment suggested by Dr. Hill will give the percentage of perfection indicated when properly proportioned. Class A--100 per cent equipment.--A mechanical supply arid exhaust system consisting of the following: ' 1. Positive air supply having a maximum capacity of 30 c.f.m. per occupant. 2. Mechanical exhaust equipment with exhaust registers effectively located. 3. Perfect air distribution. 4. Accurate automatic temperature control. 5. Efficient humidifying devices. 6. Accurate automatic humidity controlling apparatus. 7. Efficient air washers, filters or other air cleaning devices, having an efficiency not less than 99 per cent. . It is understood that a 100 per cent efficient Equipment is an impossibility owing to the fact that to secure a 100 per cent result would necessarily mean that air cleaning devices be 100 per cent efficient; that temperature and humidity control maintain temperature and humidity conditions absolutely on the comfort curve; that air distribution be perfect, etc. All these results cannot be obtained although a 99 per cent apparatus and an approximately 99 per cent test by the Synthetic Air Chart is possible. Class B--95 per cent equipment.--Mechanical supply consisting of the following: ' 1. A positive air supply with a maximum capacity of 30 c.f.m. per occupant. . 2. A well designed gravity exhaust system. 3. Efficient air distribution. 4. Accurate temperature control. 5. Adequate humidifying apparatus. 6. Adequate^humidity control. Air cleaning devices have been omitted in the 95 per cent equipment as this percentage can be obtained under ordinary conditions without air washers or filters. In an exceptionally clean locality, much higher per centages can be obtained. Class C--90 per cent equipment.--A mechanical supply system con sisting of the following: . 1. An adequate air supply with 30 c.f.m. per occupant. 2. Gravity exhaust. 3. Efficient air distribution. ' ' ^ 4. Automatic temperature control. .. 5. Adequate humidifying apparatus. . 6. Humidity control in the main duct only or from a typical room. Note.--Synthetic Air Chart--The final form of the Chart and the text will be revised'and Comfort based upon the equivalent temperature curve rather than on the wet bulb. - 193 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Class D--85 per cent equipment.--A mechanical system consisting of the following: , . 1. An accurate air supply with a maximum capacity of 30 c.f.m. per occupant. 2. Gravity exhaust or exhaust openings. 3. Good air distribution. 4. Automatic temperature control. Class E--80 per cent equipment. 1. A positive air supply with gravity exhaust but without air cleaning- devices, humidifying apparatus, temperature or humidity control. . 2. Direct-indirect systems with either mechanical or gravity exhaust. 3. Open window or other so-called natural systems of ventilation. A comprehensive discussion of the requirements of ventilation, has been published1 which suggests the following quantities of air to be supplied, under different conditions, to space used for various purposes as given in Table 90: Table 9fi: Amount of New Air to be Supplied per Person Cubic Feet per Minute Without ' Humidification or Recirculation With Humidification but Without Recirculation With Humidification and Recirculation Number of Air Changes per Hour Schools-- Class Rooms........... ............. Assembly Rooms.--.......... Gymnasiums..........-............ Toilets. .................................. Locker Rooms...;............. Kitchens.................................. Lunch Rooms...................... 30 15 to 20 30 20 , 10 to 15 25 5 to 10 5 to 10 15 to 20 10 to 20 5 to 10 20 to 60 10 to 20 Theaters-- Seating Space.................... . 30 to 50 20 to 30 10 to 15 Hospitals-- Wards...................................... Kitchens.................. -............ . Dining Rooms..................... Toilets. .................................. Hotels-- Dining Rooms,,................... . Kitchens................................. Ball Rooms....................... . Work Space........................... Assembly Rooms................ 30 to 40 20 to 30 20 to 30 > 15 to 20 10 to 15 20 to 60 10 to 20 10 to 20 10 to 15 20 to 60 5 to 10 5 to 10 `See paper Modern Trend in the Science of Ventilation, Perry West, Journal, A. S. H. & V. E.\ June, 1924. . VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS In a crowded place of assemblage the heat given off by the occupants together with that given off by the lighting and power equipment is usually more than the normal heat loss through the structure to the 194 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 outside air, even in winter under cold climatic conditions. This means that in order to preserve an equilibrium of effective temperature the entering air must be cooler than the leaving air, so that the problem is usually one of cooling and ventilating rather than of heating and venti lating. . A typical'case for winter might show about 300 B.t.u. of body heat plus 100 B.t.u. from light etc., being given up to the building against 200 B.t.u. heat loss from the building, per person per hour. This would mean that 200 B.t.u. pier person must be carried away by the air. If the flow of air is upward, or from the side, so as to bring the incoming air into direct contact with the occupants the temperature of the incoming air should not be more than 5 deg. below the temperature of the air leaving the occupant (for ceilings 10 ft. or less in height) otherwise the ventilation will be drafty and uncomfortable. This difference may be increased 1 deg. for each 2 ft. of added ceiling height provided the rising air does not come into direct contact with another tier of occupants. For 10 ft. and lower ceilings the quantity of air per person to dissipate this excess heat is An bU X - = 33 cu. ft, per person per min. Xo ' . This amount may be reduced somewhat on the assumption that the component of heat from lights is usually introduced near the ceiling and may be allowed to heat the outgoing air to a greater difference. In the practical work of engineers who design ventilating systems and of architects and owners who have to pass up on these systems, the one item involving standards which is the basis of all calculations and layouts, is the quantity of air to be handled by the system to be used, for producing the results desired. The functions of the air handled in connection with ventilated spaces arer(l) to supply the necessary oxygen for respiration, (2) to keep the dilution of CO, and other objectionable substances down . to the proper point, and (3) to maintain the proper effective air tempera ture. ;. The air handled may consist entirely of air taken in from the outside or it may consist partly of new air and partly of recirculated air. On the basis that the air brought in from the outside is for oxygen supply and dilution only. The following cubic feet per minute per person would be required-for the ventilation percentages shown, if all other factors are 100 per cent perfect. .. Table 91. Air Required for Various Percentages of Ventilation Perfection Percentage or Perfection 98% 96% 94% 92% - 90% . - . Co. Ft. or Air per Minote , Required per Person at Rest 15.0 7.5 .5.0 3.75 3.0 - Cu. Ft. or Am per Minute Required per Person at Hard Work ' - 30.0 15.0 10.0 7.5 6.0 195  American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 In theatres, assembly rooms, auditoriums and other places of public amusement and assemblage there are usually several other factors to consider, such as the removal of excess heat, excess moisture, dust raised by the movement of the occupants and odors. WHEN TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ARE HIGH For 85 deg. outside air and 70 per cent relative humidity in the'summer the percentage of perfection would drop to 57 per cent without any change in the air from outside conditions. Assuming that the air supply is 30 cu. ft. per person and that the body heat and heat from equipment will raise this 5 deg. Also that the vapor added per person is 10 grains per min. or 0.33 grains per cu. ft. of air handled, the effective temperature difference will be raised about 20, so that the percentage of ventilation, would drop about 5 more, leaving 52 per cent ventilation. It will be seen, therefore, that it would be difficult to get better than 40 to 60 per cent ventilation in summer without some ' method of air cooling. Air motion will assist but unless increased beyond the usual 10 to 20 ft. per minute ordinarily obtained from the movement of th.e air through the room it will not improve the percentage of ventilation more than 1 to 2 per cent/ By the use of refrigerating and dehumidifying apparatus the effective temperature can be maintained at any desired-percentage of perfection. , The use of a good air washer should reduce the temperature about 70 per cent of the difference between the wet and dry bulb temperature. This for the case cited would reduce the effective temperature difference about 2 deg. corresponding to an increase of 5 per cent in the final per centage of the ventilation. ' It will be understood that the example cited is an extreme case of temperature and humidity and that the final percentage will be improved by the air washer in a greater proportion if the relative humidity of the outside air is lower. For a condition of 80 deg. dry bulb and 50 of relative humidity, the percentage for the entering air would be 77 per cent, the percentage leaving the occupants would be 70 per cent and the air washer would improve this to 81 per cent.- . Assuming that 90 per cent ventilation is desired for' places of assem blage, that distribution will be 75 per cent, dust 96 pier cent, bacteria 98 per cent and odors 85 per cent, there will be a deduction of 1 per cent for dust plus 1 per cent for bacteria plus 1-.5 per cent for odor making a total of 3.5 per cent and leaving a deduction of 6.5 per cent for effective temperature plus effective air supply. Assuming that the effective temperature can be controlled in winter to within 1 deg. above or below the comfort line there would be a deduc tion of 2j/ per cent for this, leaving a deduction of 4 per cent for effective air supply. With 75 per. cent distribution this would leave 3 per cent deduction for COj, corresponding to an air supply of 10 cu. ft. per min. per person. 196 ` American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 It will be seen then that 10 cu. ft. of air taken in from the outside, per person per minute, is sufficient for winter conditions but inadequate-for summer weather, where heat and humidity are the determining factors, unless refrigeration is used. Increasing the air supply from 10 to 50 cu. ft. per person per minute gives little improvement unless some form of artificial cooling is used. EFFECT OF SUMMER CONDITIONS It would seem that about 75 per cent ventilation is possible under reasonably severe summer. conditions with an air supply of 30 cu. ft. per person, using an air washer, and that beyond this point there is little to be gained by increasing the air supply. The figures given are based on upward ventilation and that the cooling effect of from 5 to 10 deg. with air washers and of perhaps twice this amount with refrigeration will produce uncomfortable drafts on the occupants at times. For this reason and for the additional reasons of sanitation and control, the downward system of ventilation is perhaps more efficacious in large and intensely used places of assemblage. On account of transporting all of the heat from lights downward and of forcing the body-heated air back over the occupants it is usually necessary to do much more cooling of the air than can be done with the-air washer, without refrigeration. On the other hand the air is brought in high enough to permit of its being diffused and brought to the proper condition before coming into contact with the occupants. It can be seen, there fore, that the air supply per person per minute for assembly-rooms could be 10 cu. ft. in winter, 30 cu. ft. in summer with air washers and anywhere between these two figures for the entire year with refrigeration. Also that nothing better than about 75 per cent ventilation can be obtained in hot sultry summer weather without artificial cooling but that with such cooling especially if the air supply is taken from over head and exhausted from below, most any desired percentage of perfec tion can be maintained. . RECIRCULATION The foregoing does not take into consideration the matter of recircula tion, but it can readily be seen that there is little to be gained by recircu lation unless an appreciable amount of COi and attendant impurities which get into the air can be taken out during recirculation. The handling of the larger quantity of air may be of value either to produce air motion or for use as a better cooling medium with less temperature difference between incoming and outgoing air. Recirculation may also be used as a purely economic feature during the warming up of the building or during periods when the space is only partly, occupied and the mechanical arrangements are inadequate for- properly varying the quantity of air handled to suit. ' . .. A good arrangement is to provide apparatus for handling 30 cu. ft. of air per person per minute with provisions for recirculating any amount up to as much' as two-thirds of this. . . 197 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The percentage of air recirculated may be varied to suit the seasonal changes so as to conserve heat in winter and refrigeration in summer. The schools where the requirements are not so severe and it is not neces sary to provide for summer conditions as much as 90 per cent of the air can be successfully recirculated. The use of ozonation for eliminating odors and for otherwise refreshing the air is advisable wherever recircula tion is regularly and intensively employed. Present methods of measuring and comparing qualities of ventilation not taking into account any of the functions of the relative humidity of the air except that.bearing upon effective temperature. This means that air of any temperature and relative humidity, within proper physical range, i.e., below 64 deg. wet bulb, may be made to meet the comfort line by either heating or cooling without addition or deduction of moisture. Absolutely dry air may be heated or cooled to 78 deg. and be 100 per cent perfect as far as effective temperature is concerned and still be far from desirable in its effects on .the membranes of nose, throat and lungs. . Such dry air is also very cqnducive to the increase of dustiness in the atmosphere of a room from the standpoints of dryness and electrostatic agitation. The air washer and humidifier correct these difficulties and there should be some definition of limits for the relative humidity in the measure of ventilation. It is not unusual to find from 1 to 2 million particles of dust per cu. ft. in the outside air surrounding city buildings and unless this is eliminated it will give dust counts in rooms equivalent to a deduction of from 5 to 20 per cent in the perfection of ventilation. A good air washer should eliminate 80 to 90 per cent of the dust entering the intake and perhaps reduce the dust penalty in the rooms to less than one-half of the figure given. It will be seen, therefore, that air washing and humidification may improve the quality of ventilation about 10 per cent in the effective temperature department, plus another 10 per cent in the dust department, plus other improvements in the quality of ventilation by maintaining proper humidity and removing other injurious substances and. odors. Where effective temperature is controlled, according to the usual method, from the dry bulb temperature in the room there may be a wide variation in this effective temperature due to the varying amounts of moisture in the air, unless humidifying apparatus with accurate humidity control is employed. Between the condition of absolute dry air at 70 per cent and absolutely saturated air at 70 deg. there is a difference of 10 deg. in effective temperature which means an average difference of 25 per cent in $he quality of ventilation. This may be taken to mean about 10 per cent on each side of the neutral point for ordinary ventilating conditions so that the air washer and humidity should improve the ordinary ventilating plant another 10 per cent on this count. Good dry air filters will of course serve the same purpose for cleaning . the air of suspended matter, and may improve the ventilation about . 10 per cent. ' ............ 198 / of andAmerican Society Heating Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 SPECIAL CONDITIONS In connection with the ventilation of schools the condition in the class rooms for average winter weather is that the body heat given up to the room from the occupants is less than the heat loss from the building to the outside air so that the incoming air may be maintained at a higher temperature than that of the air surrounding the occupants. This means that the effective temperature may be controlled within 1 deg. above or below the comfort line. . Assuming that 95 per cent'ventilation is required for class-rooms, that the distribution is 85 per cent and there is no deduction for dust, bacteria or odors, could have a deduction of 85 per cent of 2.5 per cent which is equivalent to about 2 per cent for CO,. This would mean 15 cu. ft. of air per pupil per minute. The usual requirements of state laws is 30 cu. ft. per pupil which would mean a deduction of 1 per cent for CO, leaving a 4 per cent deduction for effective temperature, dust, bacteria and odors. Allowing a deduction of 2)4 per cent for effective temperature there would be a possible deduction of 1)4 per cent for these other items. It will depend therefore upon the quality that can be maintained for these other items as to the actual quantity of air required between 15 and 30 cu. ft. per minute per pupil. Where intensive recirculation is employed the extent of the recircula tion will depend on the quantity of CO,, odors and other objectionable factors which can be removed from the.recirculated air and also upon the ability to keep the relative humidity from rising to an undesirable point on account of the vapor given up to the air by occupants of the building. The ventilation of school auditoriums where the occupancy of the rooms is of a relatively short duration of from 1 to 2 hours the initial air in the rooms may be relied upon to reduce the intensity of ventilation re quired so that from 15 to 20 cu. ft. of air per person per minute is usually sufficient. In the ventilation of hospitals the wards may be treated much the same as the class-rooms of a school with the exception that it is inadvisable to use recirculation on account of the danger of contagion. School toilets should be separately ventilated with an air change of from 2 to 5 min. employing mechanical supply and exhaust with the exhaust in excess of the supply in order to prevent objectionable odors from diffusing into other parts of the building. Kitchen and lunch rooms should be ventilated with about a 5 min. air change for lunch rooms and a 1 to 3 min. air change for kitchens with at least a part of the exhaust taken from the lunch rooms through the kitchen so as to keep all of the air travel towards the kitchen, thus preventing the kitchen odors from diffusing into the lunch rooms. Exhaust from kitchen range hoods should be discharged by a separate exhaust fan through a fireproof metal duct extending above the roof of the building.and provided with automatic fire damper and steam jet fire extinguisher for use in case of emergency as the accumulation of the grease . vapors in this flue frequently cause a fire. 199 `".v'' American Society of Heating.and. Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 After a good ventilating system is designed the engineer is only fairly well started on the road to good ventilation. A system is not a ventilating system until it ventilates. Here is where the operating man and proper supervision come in. Of all the things that go-to make up success or failure these two are the most important. The one who lays out the plant should supervise, not only its installation, but testing and watch it until it is operating properly. Beyond this it must be kept- in the hands of competent operators under the right supervision. Then and not until then, will good ventilation be obtained. 200 Chapter XV THE HILL SYNTHETIC AIR CHART PERFECTION in ventilation depends upon the condition of the air in a room as affecting health and comfort rather than upon the quantity of outside air supplied. The known conditions of air which may affect human health and comfort.are its temperature, humidity, air motion, dustiness, odor, bacterialogical content and carbon dioxide content. . The synthetic air chart, devised by Dr. E. Vernon Hill, and revised as a result of investigations by the Society's Research Laboratory is the accepted standard for grading the perfection of ventilation in any room by the conditions of the air itself., According to the synthetic air chart Fig. 71 each of the conditions of the air which affect human health is rated in percentage of perfection in a separate column. The percentage of perfection as regards each factor is indicated by the height of the shaded area in that column. The per centage of penalization for imperfection as regards that factor is given by the difference between 100 per cent and the indicated per cent of per fection. The effect which the penalization for each factor will have on the composite penalization for all factors of ventilation of the room is given at the right hand side of the column. The sum of the penalizations for each of the factors as given in the right hand side of the various columns is taken as the total percentage of penalization representing the imperfection of ventilation for the room. The percentage of perfection of ventilation is 100 per cent, minus this total and is indicated by the height of the shaded area in the last column to the right. The percentage ' of perfection for any factor is determined by crediting an ideal condition with 100 per cent and a condition impossible for life with zero per cent perfection. In other words, a condition, as pertains to any one of the five factors,_tht will produce death or permanent disability is rated at zero per cent perfect. . CONDITIONS OF MAXIMUM COMFORT Temperature Humidity and Air Motion.--A person's feeling of warmth . is determined, by the temperature, humidity and motion of the air. A single index of a person's feeling of warmth is given by a scale of effective temperature, which takes into consideration these three factors. This scale of effective temperature (abbreviated E. T.) has been determined by the Society's Research Laboratory and*is discussed in Chapter XVI. For the average human being at rest an effective temperature of 64 deg. gives maximum comfort. Persons working at various rates are most comfortable at effective temperatures below 64 deg. The exact effective temperatures giving maximum comfort for persons working at various 201 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 rates have not yet been determined by the Research Laboratory but from the best data available, they are as follows:-- ...................................... 64 deg. E. T. At . ..... .................................. ......... 62.5 deg. E. T. Light Work ......... ............................................. .......... 62 deg. E. T. Moderate Work................................................................. 59 - d | jr Ane hundred oer cent perfection in ventilation, for people at rest eXist?when the ^ve tem^rature is 64 deg. Life is impossible for any considerable length of time in an effective temperatureofOT^^eg. and ^er^ and at rest. 202 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Dust.--Dust is inimical to health and comfort. It is, however, more difficult to arrive at a basis of penalization since it is hard to say that any degree of dustiness is impossible for life. Dust free air is 100 per cent perfect and 250,000 particles per cu. ft. of air as determined by the Hill counter is considered zero per cent perfect, of is penalized 100 per cent as regards the dust factor and 25 per cent for imperfection of ventilation. The percentage of perfection is reduced by 1 per cent for each 2500 particles. . Odors.--In the case of odors it- is even more difficult to arrive at a^ basis for penalization. The following arbitrary scale has been adopted:-- ' Free from odor. Very faint odor Faint odor.___ Noticeable odor Distinct odor_ Decided odor.-. Strong odor....... .100 per cent perfect ..95 " " " . 90 " " " . 85 " " " .80 " " " .. 75 " " " . 70 " " " Penalization for imperfection of ventilation is 0.15 of that for the odor factor. . Bacteria.--While all bacteria are not.harmful and some may be desir able, the number of bacteria in the air generally indicates the surrounding sanitary condition and the chances for harmful bacteria may be assumed to be roughly proportional to the total number of bacteria in the air. According to the synthetic air chart, the percentage of perfection depends upon the number of bacteria in the air as determined by the number of growth appearing in a culture which has been exposed to the air for two minutes in a 4 in. petri dish and then incubated for 48 hrs. at 72 deg. If ho colonies appear the condition is rated at 100 per cent and if 500 colonies appear it is rated at zero per cent perfect. The percentage of perfection is reduced by one for each 5 colonies for this factor while penalization for poor ventilation is one-half as great. Carbon Dioxide.--The carbon dioxide content of the air may be taken as an indication of its purity. The percentage of perfection is 100 per cent if the carbon dioxide content is the same inside and outside and is reduced by 1 per cent for every three parts per 10,000 over that found in outside air. This gives 100 per cent penalization for 300 parts C02. Penalization for imperfect ventilation is 0.9 that for the C02 factor. ' ... . Distribution.--The distribution of the air throughout the room is an important factor in ventilation. Imperfection in this factor is determined by the variation in percentage of carbon dioxide in various parts of .the room. In operating the synthetic air chart as many samples, as there are 200 sq. ft. of floor space in the room, or not less than four, of air from different parts of the room are analyzed. The percentage, which the average variation, of the various samples, is of the average CO, content, is the percentage penalization for poor distribution. Penalization for imperfect ventilation is 0.3 that for the distribution factor. 203 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 EXAMPLE IN THE USE OF THE CHART Determine the percentage of perfection of ventilation, in a room where the following conditions are observed. The' room to be occupied by persons normally clothed and doing light work. Dry Bulb Temperature........................................... Wet Bulb Temperature.......................................... Air Velocity........................................................... Dust Count by Hill Counter............................... Bacteria colonies developed in a 2 min. plate. Odors............................................ .. .............................. CO, analysis inside Station No. 1....................... CO, analysis inside Station No. 2.................... CO,- analysis inside Station No. 3...................... CO, analysis inside Station No. 4...................... CO, analysis outside.......................--................... Other objectionable substances........................... 74 deg. 62 deg. 50 ft. per min. 10.000 particles per cu. ft. 10 . Faint 6 parts in 10,000 6.3 parts in 10,000 5.5 parts in 10,000 5.0 parts in 10,000 .4.0 parts in 10,000 None The effective temperature for the observed wet and dry bulb tempera ture and air motion is determined from the Table 96 to 102 in Chapter XVI. From Table 97 (See Chapter XVI) for 50 ft. pier min. air velocity the intersection of the line for 74 deg. dry bulb and the column for 62 deg. wet bulb gives 65.3 deg. as the E. T. of the condition. For 100 per cent perfection 62.5 deg. E. T. is required for persons doing light work whereas the existing condition is 65.3 deg. E. T. or 2.8 deg1, too high, which gives according to the chart, 91.6 per cent perfection and 8.4 per cent penalization for this factor and a penalization of 7.6 per cent for imperfect ventilation. This is indicated in the chart, Fig. 71. 10,000 dust particles per cu. ft. of air gives according to the chart 96 per cent perfection and 4 per cent penalization for this factor and 1 per cent penalization for imperfect ventilation. 10 bacterial colonies on a 2 min. plate gives 98 pier cent perfection for this factor and a penalization of 1 per cent for imperfect ventilation. A faint odor or 90 per cent free from odors calls for a 10 per cent penalization for this factor and 1.5 per cent penalization for imperfection, of ventilation. . The average carbon dioxide content of the 4 samples taken in the room is 5.7 or 1.7 parts more than the outside sample, which, according to the chart, is 99.5 per cent perfect for this factor and calls for 0.4 per cent penalization for imperfection of ventilation. There are no other injurious substances indicated hence no penalization is given for such factors. The variations of the carbon dioxide content of the four stations from their average are as follows:-- Station No. 1:_. " "2 " " 3-- " " 4,, 6.3--5.7 =0.6 partsper 10,000 6.0-5.7 = 0.3 " " 10,000 5.7--5.6 = 0.1 ' " 10,000 5.7--5.0 = 0.7 " " 10,000 4(1.7 The average variation is........................... ii....................... 0.42, and the - per centage of variation is 5^2 x 100 -- 7.4 pier cent. Therefore the percentage 5.7 distribution is 100 -- 7.4 = 92.6, and the percentage penalization for imperfect ventilation is 2.2. 204 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 72. Ammonium-Chloride Apparatus for Determining Velocity and Direction of Air Currents Fig. 73. Taking an Air Sample The percentage of perfection for each factor is indicated in the chart, Fig.-71 and are summed up in Table 92. The sum of all the penalizations for imperfection in ventilation is 13.7 and the percentage of perfection of ventilation is 100 minus 13.7 or 86.3 which is shown in the last column of the chart. 205 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 92. Typical Results of Analysis By Hill Synthetic Air Chart / Factor Percentage op Perfection fob Factor .. orPercentage Penalisation fob Factor . Percentage or Penalisation tor Imperfect Ven tilation orPercentage Perfection for i Ventilation ` Effective Temperature....... Carbon Dioxide...-.................. 9.6 96.0 98.0 90.0 99.5 92.6 ' 8.4 4.0 2.0 10.0 0.5 7.4 7.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.4 2.2 13.7 ; 86.3 The above observations are made as follows: The wet and dry bulb temperatures are determined with a sling psychrometer, the air velocity is determined by observing the speed of a smoke cloud with the aid of a stop watch. The smoke cloud, may be caused by means of an ammonium cloud apparatus, Fig. 72 or by exploding a smoke bomb, or by other means. The dust count is made by means of the Hill dust counter. In this instrument a given volume of air is made to impinge against a glass microscope cover slip coated with an adhesive. The particles are counted under a microscope of definite magnification and the number corrected per cu. ft. of air. . Carbon dioxide samples are taken in 120 cc. rubber stoppered bottles by exhausting air from the bottles with an atomizing bulb. Fig. 73. The bottle ishould be held at arms length while sampling so as not to be contaminated with the observer's breath and then tightly stopped until the sample can be analysed on a Petterman-Palmquist apparatus for carbon dioxide. '; 206 Chapter XVI HOW TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY AND AIR MOTION AFFECT HUMAN COMFORT By F. C. Houghten, Member THE sense of warmth experienced by the human body is not due alone to the temperature indicated by the dry bulb thermometer, neither does it depend solely upon the wet bulb temperature. Dry air at a relatively high temperature may feel cooler than air of considerably lower temperature with high moisture content. Human comfort or discomfort depend largely on body temperature and therefore on the relation between the rate of heat production and dissipation. By the process of metabolism heat is constantly generated within the body, while on the other hand, loss of heat is constantly oc curring from the surface of the body by radiation, convection and evaporation. To maintain a constant body temperature the loss of heat must equal the heat produced. It is therefore apparent that any inter ference with the elimination of heat from the body is accompanied by a rise in temperature and a feeling of discomfort. . There are three principal factors affecting loss of body heat: 1. Temperature. 2. Humidity. 3. Air motion. As the temperature of the air and surrounding objects rises, the loss of heat by convection and radiation decreases. When the temperature reaches that of the body, the loss by radiation and convection ceases. Finally as the air temperature exceeds that of the body, heat passes from the air to the body. If on the other hand, the relative humidity is increased the heat loss by evaporation decreases. If while the dry bulb temperature increases, the wet bulb temperature decreases sufficiently, the increase in loss of. heat by evaporation may be made equal to the decrease in loss of heat by radiation and convection, resulting in no change in body temperature or comfort. - From the above, it is concluded that there must necessarily exist cer tain combinations of temperatures and humidities, which produce the same total body heat loss by radiation, convection and evaporation and therefore the same feeling of comfort or discomfort. Lines passing through such air conditions plotted as a psychrometric chart may be called equal comfort lines. The fact is further substantiated by the general experience of heating engineers in observing that the lower the humidity the higher the dry bulb temperature required for the same degree of comfort. A series of tests have been made in the two psychrometric rooms of the Research Laboratory of the American Society of Heating and Ven tilating Engineers, in order to locate these lines on the psychrometric chart, both for still and moving air. 207 ,, DRY BULB TEMPERATURE F ig . 74. T h e C o m fo rt C h a r t for H um an s a t R est American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The relation of temperature and humidity to comfort in still air is given in Figs. 74 and 75. 208 *3 ym; 8 air is American Society oj Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 HOW TO USE THE COMFORT CHART In the Psychrometric Chart, dry bulb temperature is plotted as abscissae and grains of moisture per pound of dry air as ordinates. The maximum moisture which the air can hold at any temperature gives the saturation or 100 per cent relative humidity curve. Relative humidities between 0 and 100 per cent are given by a series of curved lines similar to the saturation curve. The wet bulb temperatures for aill atmospheric conditions are given by a series of nearly parallel oblique lines. Effective temperature is given by a series of oblique but. not parallel lines which approach being parallel to the wet bulb lines at high temperatures and humidities, and dry bulb lines at low temperatures. The numerical value of the wet and effective temperature lines is given by the dry bulb temperature of their intersection with the saturation curve. Dry bulb temperature is the true temperature of the air as determined by an ordinary thermometer. It does not, however, accurately indicate a person's, feeling of warmth. If the humidity is high a person will feel warmer at the same dry bulb temperature than he will if the humidity is low. :' Wet bulb temperature is not the temperature of the air but that which . a thoroughly wet body will attain if the air passes over it for a sufficient length of timeand with a high enough velocity. A person is not thoroughly wet and hence does not react entirely in accordance with the wet bulb temperature. At high temperatures when the body is wet with perspira tion, it reacts more nearly to wet bulb temperature while at low tempera ' tures the body is comparatively dry and reacts more nearly in accordance with the dry bulb temperature. Effective temperature is an experimentally determined scale which ' unlike the dry bulb and wet bulb scales is a true measure of index of a person's feeling of warmth in all combinations of temperature and humidity. In other words with any given effective temperature a person ' will always feel the same degree of warmth or coldness regardless of the dry bulb or wet bulb temperature. That range of effective temperatures over which 50 per cent of people . feel comfortable, namely 62 deg. effective' temperature to 69 deg..effective temperature, is called the Comfort Zone. . That particular effective temperature at which a maximum number of people feel comfortable is 64 deg. effective temperature and is called the \ comfort line. While at rest in still air, 97 per cent of all people are com fortable at this temperature. ' Tables 93 to 99 give the relation between dry and,wet bulb tempera tures, and effective temperature for still air,' and various air velocities up to 700 ft. per min. , Example 1.--Given dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures of 75 and 68 deg. First: what is the effective temperature? Second: is this condition warmer or cooler than 80 deg. dry bulb and 63 deg. wet bulb? . . Answer.--/The first condition is given by the* intersection of the 75 deg. dry bulb line and the 68 deg. wet bulb line. The effective temperature is given by the numerical value ofthe .effective temperature line, passing throueh this point and indicated by the scale along the saturation curve, and is 71.1 deg. effective temperature. The second condition is given by the intersection of 80 deg. dry bulb and 63 deg. wet bulb and is . ` 209. ' ' T a b l e 93. R e l a t io n B e t w e e n D r y a n d W e t B u lb T e m p e r a tu r e s a n d E f f e c t iv e T e m p e r a tu r e for St il l A ir Wet B ulb Temperature ' American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 rO 883S O\*''oo . 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Ov 0to0 00 > r*-< crn. 0VO0 VvOo . V. 3a cl 5. a 3 (d H D 03 H cd fzi < CVN 8. 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R e l a t io n B e t w e e n D r y a n d W e t B u l b e m p e r a t u r e sT a n d E f f e c t iv e T e m p e r a t u r e f o r 500 F t . A ir V e l o c it y American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 100.4 101.1 101.9 103.3 100 . Wet, Bulb Temperature tOos ro to t-. Os c^si fOOs ^^ tOos ^ Os tooo o00 R tT>* PN to-. OSOO . ssOo s- W a.. - PSNO S. OoO stoo Cv, Si u *5} Ttof to Os 00 00 O0 Os Os Os O Os to N N tj! t- tO".' 0-0* 0<0 S0O0 0000 wOs csiooeNOs-Hoo^Tjj>o O'Oor--df^ort^ot^o.oso-oHo^ooOooso Hoq^||floqr--ci to so . s^OssoO o>0i'Ht'-j'fN".d00w0t0o00o0o0 psqosOssqprqoor-.cs4Tjnr^ tooo'OQcso4s^ot<^0O*-*fO*--s*d-or-s0c04a^o to^o t^qOjOpoOW'ON^OOscsi ^iOi^toostocssOi^sfpsSoOosso ct--sits*.dt--os00^ofoo to^o OpOj^q^-Joqp'O'O^ON . -ioh totsoo tOos <0'r0j s'o0o'0o t<>sj tto^.roo.o^4oofooosoo . r*pqoO Os.sq to P o so oo ro *T't<4~to4tpoOt'oOtoo6OcSsOitoSOo6SO-4oorG-OOC0s050'00 poOOs^pqq^-H'qsqtq^i-itnoi ^^f^^OtfoOt'oO>ood>oQseossoto<to-^sOc>T|5f^o00c0>0itOoO lOWOOOONb.pOOst'^NO^OOOstO d'tlt^*Otoft#o)itr^>oto6d-SHO STO jsNo *d-'4,Vot-''H00i0^0 ppt^osiopfO'qoo^t-HNqiot-^io iP^OiH^^iT^d<to*)tiontto'Otoit-O'^OsOdo'Os'wO)NsNdNo\OOH qooq Os'Os Ti*Oswc4PO~HOqPOtO^\ pfOo tP-4O-4rt^'5^tT-4ftOciOs ttoortO4 otOs ~'O4 p'oOs'oOO'Os pto^sfo^to-o. t-^pqpposfqooos op co ^ o to o <^o<o,oo^c4'Ttoj'^*-4 to`tosttojJtto-4toOs 'Q0'Oosososoos*^c4-so ptopp^-jpc^poopptopt--oocn OCSstfoOoPsOcTstfo'^oTdttotOr4tr^ji*OstdootO6Q'Or'oOt'oOo'O6rt4^ POCsj'OI^-rOO^^'O^'tOfOOsfOfO POOOfOfOOsTC*N<Ttoj`OTtO'tOdcsOJ'ttO'OtOOOtOQ'OCNsOSOsOO'O0 sfqpqsj;p-HT)<sj;(NMpqp fi~O5P'OOc^5^r^sTiio^otOdotOcstO'^'tdOot6o osrssOitsoO peoq^-^Nppts^poON 'rO^PfSDt^POOP'O^trof^0-0^to<iSoido* StoO *i"o4 iOos . to* P^t^^^PPP OCNsPO^oPOdr^t*potroj^ordjuoorstoj . .. ' 3 POhvPOJoPOsOPOs . to rr> to tCoM B u lb T emp. D ry POO'OPOO^''rOf'tOOi^O'PiO'OsONs^O''OO'OOsOOOt-.Nl'-^.r'-Ot-rO-.OOOQO^O'OOCOOtOsOO'O'OO'O-'PON . ' ' 215 ;' T a b l e 99. R e l a t io n B e t w e e n D r y a n d W e t B u lb T e m p e r a tu r e s a n d E ffe c tiv e T e m p e r a tu r e fo r 700 F t . A ir V e lo c ity Wet Bulb Temperature D ry B u l b 100 T emp. 100.7 101.5 102.6 103.7 American Society / Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26. lO O' O Ov oo o 00 r-- TP r-- CM T-- o t--. oo V VO v s CM > s 00 to o to to CM to O<*' to TP to ro O to * tNo . ' v k. a AJ S s> . . 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O tO o6cM''CMtot-^veMtoodtor^CM to^*`^'^i"ototokn'''0>`t-caQOQ toooioOM^-HTf'Otjjo^Neoio ^OvfO'OOvC'itot-JoIcviioodC'i'OOvcvi tOfO*P'3*TpiOiOiOtO'''Of-t"-t--OO #. toTpi-.cov''co -- 'cMtopcMt-; i^ioO'fO'ddts^j'f'O'CNTfiodfN'do'^ CNfOfO-^,'5*`OiotoioiO'''r^f^r^-oo ; lONtJ-tvNptflNCOONtOp^WN 0'oc'5!''-'or4T}*'00'*-"T}`cor'i'ad tOtOTpTpTpiototo'to'0''Of-t--t'~ ^OOfO^,p`0'Ol>;)'OWI>;f4p O'CMr-^--Tpr--OcMTP'Ooo -- Tpr-^CMvO CMcoroTpTPTp`0`otntiovO''Or-.c- to '' ^ to to p to p p -- tPoo -- tPi-^cm^'o6 -- ^fr^CM CO tO tO to tO to to 0 v v ,v t'"* OOcotO^'t'-fOtO^*TpcOr^t"*> to -- toovcMtot^CM^<'o6 -- to*"-' CMfOfOfOTpTPTpiOtOtOtOtO'O'' O to -- *-> f- c*. cm cm to cm Tp 'CM'ovcMtoooCMTp'od--to CvjtOtOtO'^^t^'tOtOtOiOtO'' rooocotooO'OpO'CNoq . CM tO tO tp tP tP Tp to to to to to cm Tp to cm cm r- v Os CM to to 0<00 -- Tp to tP to Tp P^^ ^ Tp to CM to -- to 1-i to Ov CO --^ . OtOtCoOTtoT^tTOptOr-tO'N'^*'i''o*oCtM* NTNpt'^OoOoOOtOOO'O'Ov'P2"3--0CM 216 'American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 70.8 deg. effective temperature. It is therefore 0.3 deg. effective temperature cooler than the first condition. . Example Z.--Given 76 deg. dry bulb and 61 deg. wet bulb how many degrees dif-. ference between this condition and the comfort line or 64 deg. effective temperature? Answer.--The effective temperature of this-condition is given by the intersection of the 76 deg. dry bulb and 61 deg. wet bulb lines and is 68.2 deg. effective temperature or 4.2 deg. effective temperature warmer than the comfort line. Example S.--Given the dry and wet bulb temperatures in a room of 78 and 64 deg. respectively, what air velocity will be necessary to make this condition ideally comfor table, that is, 64 deg. effective temperature? Answer.--From Table 93 for still air it will be seen that this condition has an effective temperature of 70.4 deg. in still air. Looking through the various Tables 94 to 99 for moving air it will be found that with a 300 ft., velocity this condition will have an effective temperature of 63 deg., and with a velocity of 200 ft. (Table 96) it will have an effective temperature of 64.8 deg. Interpolating between these two velocities the desired velocity is found to be 244 ft. per min. . Example 4.--Given a condition having dry. and wet bulb temperatures of 90 and 85 deg. respectively, how much cooler will this condition feel if 300 ft", air velocity is supplied instead of still air? Answer.--From Table 93 it will be found that this condition in still'air has an effective temperature of 86.4 deg., while if the air has 300 ft. velocity it will be found from Table 97 that it will have an effective temperature of 81.9 deg. Cooling of 4.5 deg. will be produced by the 300 ft. air velocity. There are many applications for this data. In cases where air motion will produce a cooling effect it is a simple and inexpensive method. At high temperatures, however, the benefit is small and the effective tem perature should be reduced in other ways before setting the air in motion. In warm weather it is especially desirable to have greater comfort in school rooms, theaters, auditoriums, also factories, foundries, iron, steel and glass works, mines and other places where workers are subjected to extreme temperature conditions. Maintaining comfortable conditions indoors in summer when the thermometer registers about 95 deg. is a more complicated problem than maintaining the proper condition in winter. Incoming air diffusing into the rooms takes up heat from the bodies of occupants, and the heat liberated by operating machinery so that the temperature is increased considerably. The cooling effect produced by the evaporation of water has been helpful in air conditioning work particularly where air is quite dry. When it comes in contact with water in passing through a humidifier an appreciable amount of heat is lost resulting in a considerable lowering of the air temperature. As an illustration of the value of saturation and air movement take the following average summer condition of 96 deg. dry bulb, 80 deg. wet bulb in practically still air, which corresponds to an effective temperature of 84.7 deg. A 300 ft. air velocity will improve conditions by only 3.5 deg. effective temperature. Saturating the air will reduce the dry . bulb temperature to 80 deg. and with a 300 ft. air velocity applied the resulting condition will theoretically be 72 deg. effective temperature so,that the improvement will be 84.7 deg.--72 deg. = 12.7 deg. effective temperature. In practice these theoretical values will not be fully achieved. Therefore an allowance should be made for an increase in temperature and a decrease in humidity of the diffusing air before it strikes the occupants. The cloth- 217 Kf. t-r-- ~ American Society of Heating and. Ventilating Engineers'Guide, 1925-26 ing worn and the kind of work done, will also have -a retarding effect. The experimental evidence now available, of the laws governing the cool ing of the human b6dy is of great value in predicting just what may be expected of a definite air velocity at a given temperature and moisture content when directed upon the body of lightly clothed individuals. Complete reports with other detailed examples of the use of Laboratory Comfort Data are to be found in the Journal A. S. H. V. E. v 218 Chapter XVII SYSTEMS OF VENTILATION VENTILATION whether natural or mechanical, means the displace ment of vitiated air from any enclosure and its replacement with fresh air. The systems may be classified as follows:-- Method of Supply Window Gravity , Fan Fan Method of Exhaust Gravity Fan Gravity Fan (with or without recirculation) ' The movement of air in natural ventilation systems is produced by the difference in density between the column of air in the ducts and the outside air. The greater the difference in temperature between the two columns of air the more rapid the air movement. In mechanical systems the circulation of air is maintained positively and uniformly regardless of outside air conditions. The Fan System for Heating and Ventilating consists of a combination of a fan operating in conjunction with a blast heater, with or without a system of air distributing ducts. An air washer or humidifier may be added when required without otherwise changing the type of system. For heating purposes only, the fan system may or may not be used, depending on circumstances and the requirements to be met. The fan system may be used to supply both heat and fresh air for ventilation, or it may be used in conjunction with some form of direct radiation which is to care for the heat losses. When used for ventilating purposes, the fan will be required to supply whatever amount of air is specified to meet. the ventilation requirements. The system may be arranged so that the fan may blow the air through the heaters, or draw the air through the heaters. Each arrangement possesses its own peculiar advantages, but the selection depends largely upon the individual requirements of the installation. ' . The draw-through apparatus is usually employed in factory buildings on account of its compactness as; well" as the advantage gained by con necting directly to the piping system. In this case the temperature ofthe air delivered will be the same to all parts of the building. The blowthrough apparatus is used in public buildings, or wherever different temperatures and independent temperature regulation are required for different rooms of the building. The use of the by-pass around the heating coils permits the mixture of hot and cold air in any desired proportions, by the use of a mixing damper at the point where the two ducts from the heater, and from the by-pass, join to form one duct leading to the room. In the case of public buildings, the fan. frequently . 219 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 blows the warm air into a space termed a plenum chamber, from which the air ducts radiate to the various rooms of the building; this arrangement is sometimes called the plenum system of heating and ventilating. They are often designated single or double type. The air supply systems may be distinguished as upward and downward systems the former being used in such buildings, as theaters, auditoriums where people are closely associated. Air is supplied near the floor and exhausted through grilles in or near the ceiling. The downward plan is used in school-rooms, hospitals, and other public buildings, air being introduced 8 ft. or more above the floor and drawn out near the floor. The selection of either system depends upon conditions confronting the engineer. ' UNIT SYSTEMS* Unit systems consist of an individual unit incorporating all the apparatus necessary for providing, directing and controlling the necessary volume of air heated to the proper temperature for the purpose. Two types are. in common use, one for public building.work and the other for factory and industrial installations. They differ in design and construction in pro portion to the service for which they are intended. They may be located in the various rooms or parts of a building for discharging warmed air into the room or building, and either entirely or partially recirculating the air, or else having a fresh-air connection for special ventilation purposes. These units, in the case of a school-room and sometimes in factories, are set on the floor but frequently in factories are suspended from the roof trusses so as to leave the floor spaces un obstructed.. Public Building Work Unit heating and'ventilating systems intended for public building work consist of a small rectangular steel cabinet, enclosing the following essential parts:-- 1. A fresh air inlet. 2. An air filter. 3. A motor and fan assembly. 4. A,radiator or heating element. 5. A cold air or by-pass chamber. 6. Mixing chamber. 7. Air discharge outlet. 8. Fresh air and recirculating control damper. 9. A by-pass or temperature control damper. Wofe.--Both the recirculating control damper and the by-pass damper can be manually operated, or the recirculating control damper may be pneumatically controlled from some remote point. The by-pass or temperature control damper can be automatically operated, on room temperature by means of ther mostatic motor in connection with the use of any pneumatic automatic temperature control system. (See also Chapter XII.) - . When the fresh air inlet damper is open the fresh air is drawn im mediately from out of doors, having the dust and dirt removed by means of the air filters. From this point the air is driven by means of the motor and fan assembly and forced up through the machine, using either polyphase, alternating current or direct current motor. AH of the air may be driven through the radiator to be heated and thence to the room, or all of the air may be driven through the cold air or by-pass chamber and thence to the room, or part of the air may be driven Data on Unit Systems contributed by H. B. Hedges, G. E. Otis and A. J. Nesbitt, Members. 220 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 through the radiator and part through the cold air chamber in any desired proportion, depending upon the position of the by-pass damper. The air is driven from the machine in a vertical direction at a velocity ranging from 800 to 1000 ft. per minute. This high velocity drives the air against the ceiling of the room, thereby diffusing it and spreading it in a downward movement to all parts of the room. The closing of the fresh air damper simultaneously opens the recircula ting grille at the floor line, so that there is a free path for the air to circulate by gravity through the radiator. Thus, when the motor is not operating and the fresh air damper is closed, the radiator of the unit becomes an enclosed direct radiator, functioning in the same manner, as any other enclosed direct radiator. By starting the motor during heating-up period in the morning, the air may be drawn from the room at the floor line, heated, discharged, recirculated, reheated and redischarged, this process continuing until the room has reached the desired temperature, thus effecting a tremendous saving in time and fuel in preparation of the room for occupancy. With this system of ventilation, the air outlets for the room serve strictly in the capacity of vents to permit of displacement and they should be small with as little exhausting effect as possible. Under such conditions their location is unimportant further than that they be placed at or very near the floor. In the typical layout they are usually placed1 in the wall opposite the ventilator. This is not necessary blit it has been proven a very satisfactory location and where vent flues are used it is advisable to locate them on inside walls to prevent downdrafts. In school work where it is desired to circulate air through adjoining wardrobes, room outlets should be in low panels of doors or near floor in partitions. Wardrobe outlets may be either at floor or ceiling. The latter arrangement is usually preferable from a purely ventilation ' standpoint but the former provides a better heating effect. By such a plan direct radiation may usually be omitted from such rooms. When half doors or no doors are used between class-rooms and wardrobes, outlets from latter must be at floor. With the mechanical unit ventilation system exhaust fans or aspirating coils in vent flues are neither necessary nor desirable, it being the idea to force the air out of the rooms under back pressure. Where the outlets . are properly proportioned this has an inflation effect that retards infiltra tion and assists in diffusion. One vent for each machine is sufficient and both the grille and flue should have a net free area of about 18 sq. in. for each 100. cu. ft. of air delivered per minute by the ventilator. In cases where state laws have failed to anticipate this system of ventilation and demand larger vent flues, arrangements can usually be made to provide throttling dampers in same to secure the desired effect. The so-called corridor system of venting is frequently employed with unit ventilators and is favored by many engineers with this system of ventilation. Vent flues are dispensed with and room outlets are directly into corridors, which serve for conducting the air to roof ventilators connected with grilles located in the ceiling of the top story corridor. In order to carry out the principle of diffusion and get proper results from the unit system of ventilation, consideration must be given to the . 221 TT American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 number, size, location and general application of the mechanical venti lators. With a correctly designed system and proper equipment, good diffusion will be effected if the frequency of air change in the room ventilated is equivalent to five or more volumes per hour but the extent to which the desirable effect of air motion is present will be governed both by the frequency of air change and the ceiling height. On the same principle that underlies the necessary distribution of direct radiation there is a limit to the amount of air which can be dis tributed from a single point in ventilation work if good results are to be expected. Practical experiments seem to indicate that this limit is about 1500 cu. ft. per min. with this type of apparatus, for this reason mechanical unit ventilators are not built with capacities greater than 1500 cu. ft. per min. and should never be.used except in rooms with very Fig. 76. School Room Plan Showing Location of Units high ceilings. In a practical way this determines the number of venti lators to be used in a given case. Where the very best results are desired it is recommended that the capacity of any single machine be limited to 100 cu. ft. per min. per foot of ceiling height. . . Mechanical unit ventilators should be centrally located on the outside wall of the room which they serve. Corner locations are liable to result in inefficient and unbalanced distribution. In fact, under adverse con ditions, drafts may result from such a location. Unit ventilators may be recessed but they should never be enclosed or concealed. Not only are enclosures liable to affect the jet action but from a practical standpoint they interfere with proper care and attention by rendering the machine inaccessible. Moreover, there is a certain psychological value to an exposed machine. The occupants quickly learn its purpose and operation with the result that they appreciate its value and see that it is operated and properly cared for. 222 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 No single mechanical unit ventilator should be made to serve more than one room by the extension of ducts from the outlet since this is contrary to all the basic principles of the system. Adjacent rooms, if not sufficient in size and importance to be equipped with individual ventilating systems probably do not require any ventilation. Where the total B.t.u. required for heating and ventilating is in excess of the rated capacity of the unit, the unit must be supplemented by direct radiation. Otherwise, the unit can be used for both heating and ventilating without direct radiation. No special treatment of vent flues is required by this system, the vitiated air being discharged from the building in the same manner, as all other mechanical systems. It has been found that the best results have been obtained where the cross sectional area of the vent flue did not exceed 20 sq. in. per 100 cu. ft. of air. . Industrial Service . Unit heaters for industrial work consist of a heating element over' which air is forced or drawn by means of a power driven fan which also distributed this heated air to the space to be heated. The area that can be sfcsved by one unit varies according to the type of unit and the location of the unit within the building. If the unit could always be located in the center of the area, which is the most ideal location from a standpoint of distribution, then one unit would most generally be capable of heating an area from 50 ft. square up to an area 150 ft. square. Unit heaters may be .divided into two classes: Namely, the Direct Fired Type and the Heating Coil Type. The Direct Fired Type is constructed very much along the lines of the pipeless furnace used in house heating and burns coal, coke, wood, oil or gas fuel., A power driven fan connected to the base of the heater creates Table 100. B.t.u. Constants for Various Steam Pressures and Temperatures of Entering Air Steam Pressure Lbs. - 1Q" 0 10 Temperature op Air Entering Heater . 20 30 40 45" 50" 55 60 65. 70" ' 75" 0 0 975 0.93 0 89 0.S4 0 80 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.60 2 1 01 0.96 0 92 0.87 0 83 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.65 0.63 5 1 04 1.00 0 96 0.91 0 87 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76 0!74 0.71 0.69 0.67 10 1 06 1.05 1 01 0.97 0 92 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.72 15 1 15 1.10 1 05 1.01 0 97 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.86 0.83 0.81 0.79 0.76 20 1 18 1.14 1 09 1.05 1 00 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81 30 1 25 1.21 1 16 1.12 1 08 1.03 1.01 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 40 1 30 1.26 1 22 1.17 1 12 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.97 0.95 0.93 50 1 35 1.31 1 27 1.22 1 18 1.13 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 60 1 39 1.35 1 31 1.26 1 22 1.18 1,16 1.13 1 11 1.09 1.07 1.05 1.03 80 1 49 1.43 1 38 1.34 1 29 1.25 1.23 1.20 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.12 1.10 . 100 1 53 1.49 1 44 1.40 1 35 1.31 1.29 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 1.18 1.16 125 1 59 1.56 1 51 1.46 1 42 1.37 1.36 1.33 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.24 1.22 135 1 61 1.57 1 53 1.48 1 44 1.39 1,37 1.35 1.33 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 140 1 62 1.58 1 54 1.49 1 45 1.41 1.38 . 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.27 1.25 150 1 64 1.60 T 55 1.51 1 46 1.42 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.33 1.31 1.28 1.26 Note.--To get B.t.u.'s at any steam pressure and entering temperature, multiply constant from table by rated B.t.u.'s at 0 deg. entering and 5 lb. pressure. ' 223 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 a rapid circulation of air over the cast iron heating surface provided in the fire box. The air thus heated is discharged into the building from an outlet on top of the heater. Generally this type is used where steam or hot water is not available and where it.is not desired or practical to install a boiler plant. ' The, Heating Coil Type unit heater consists of a bank of steam or hot water heating coils which may be made of steel pipe, cast iron, copper or brass over which air is blown or drawn by means of a power driven fan. The fan may be direct connected to the motor or pulley driven from motor or line shaft. This type Unit has two distinct classifications: Namely, the Horizontal and the Vertical types. The Horizontal type as a general rule uses a propeller or disk fan for passing the air over the heating surface. Cast iron and copper tube heating surface are in most cases used in this type unit. The fan and heater are built into a sheet metal casing and the direction of flow of air is regulated by means of sheet metal baffle plates. An advantage of the Horizontal Unit is that it is comparatively light and can be suspended from columns or trusses of the building, thus conserving the floor space, and allowing return mains to be run overhead. The individual motor power requirements per unit are usually less than for other types. The Vertical Type, as is implied by its name, provides for the air to enter near the floor level and pass vertically through a bank of steam or hot water heating coils. Movement of the air is produced by a power driven fan, and a sheet metal distributing outlet at the top directs the distribution. While this type unit is quite frequently suspended from overhead structural supports, it is primarily designed to rest on the floor level, from which position the most effective results are obtained. The fans are of the multi-blade centrifugal type and are capable of operating against a static pressure of 1 in. of water or more. ' When placed on the floor, level these units take the air in at the lowest point where the air is coldest and discharge the heated air at a distance of from 8 to 12 ft. above the floor. The discharged warm air is dissipated in the space to be heated and as it cools, falls to the lower level and is again taken in at the base of the unit and reheated. When so desired the units may be provided with a fresh air connection so that either all out side, all inside, or a combination of both may be used through the heater. This arrangement proves most satisfactory for producing a circulation of outside air in the summer time for'ventilation purposes, particularly in large open industrial buildings such as; machine shops, textile mills, foundries, warehouses, garages, mills, railway shops, armories and gymnasiums. ' 224 Chapter XVIII AIR WASHERS AND FILTERS By W. H. Carrier, Member HE cleansing of air for ventilation purposes is a very important- Tphase of the art and is accomplished by two different means; washing and filtering. Both methods cleanse the air of solid or liquid matter in the form of dust or spray, while in addition the washer cleanses the air of soluble gases and vapors, and hence of many objectionable odors. Air filters are distinguished from air washers in that they clean the air without the use of water or the addition of water vapor. They are of two types (1) the viscous filter depending upon the dirt impinging on surface covered with a viscous fluid or oil; (2) the true dry filter type which removes the dirt from the air by passing it through cloth or felt screens, the openings in which are too small to allow the passage of dirt. TYPES OF AIR WASHERS The washing of air is done by passing it over a large surface area of water which is accomplished in the various types of washers; (1) by pas sing it through a fine spray of water; (2) by passing it over wet surfaces; (3) by passing it both through a spray and over wet surfaces. After the air is washed it is freed from entrained water. . When air is cleansed by washing its humidity or moisture content is usually changed. In passing through the water spray or over the wet surfaces both' the dry and wet bulb temperature of the air approaches that of the water at which temperature the air tends to become saturated. The moisture, content of the air may, therefore, be controlled by control ling the water temperature. By using water at a very low temperature the washer becomes a dehumidifier or by heating the water the air may be humidified. By raising the diy bulb temperature of the air after leav ing the washer its relative humidity may also be controlled. The humidi fying efficiency of any air washer may be given as =1-- wet bulb depression Initial wet bulb depression . ' for example: With an initial wet bulb depression of 20 deg. and the final wet bulb depression of 6 deg., the humidfying efficiency is E 1 _ 6 deg. = 0.70 20 deg. 225 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL Air washers require method of control of temperature to prevent freez ing by too low temperature and of overhumidification by too high temperatures of the air entering and leaving the washer. There is avail able one method of hand control and five methods of automatic or semi automatic control. The method of hand control is by tempering coils divided into two or more sections in series; the outer coil being turned on by hand whenever the.outside temperature approaches freezing; the successive coils being turned on as the temperature drops below freezing. Where two sections are available it is usual to turn on the second section when the outside temperature goes below zero, and the third section, where provided, at temperatures below zero. The first, or outside section, must always be turned on full for all temperatures to prevent freezing of the coils. The steam supply to the second, or inside section, may be hand regulated at all temperatures above 10 deg. above zero. The five systems of automatic regulation are: 1. Substitution of automatic regulation for hand regulation and operated in a. similar manner; the coils being controlled both by variations in the outside tem perature conditions and also by an auxiliary control for one inside coil from a thermostat located on the discharge side of the air washer. (It is not possible to . control the temperature of the air entering the washer except where there is an unusually long tunnel or duct for the thorough mixture of the air leaving the tempering coils before coming in contact with the thermostat.) 2. By heating the spray water so as to maintain a temperature or dew point (as the air is then saturated), between 35 and 40 deg. of the air leaving the washer. This method does not necessarily require a tempering coil, it is preferable, however, to use one tempering coil for the purpose of tempering the air should the washer be shut down and prevent freezing of the water when the apparatus is not in operation. More than one tempering coil should never be used except where temperatures may go considerably below zero, then the tempering coils may be turned on, one at 20 deg. fahr. and the second at 0 deg. fahr. The tempering coil may be operated manually or by a thermostat connected with the outside air. The steam supply for water heating should be sufficient to heat and saturate the air from 10 to 35 deg. fahr., when water heating is used in conjunction with a tempering coil. This is to allow for sufficient margin for safety of operation. The steam requirements for this are given later. 3. By regulating the heat supplied either through tempering coils or through the spray water so that the water in the tank shall be kept well above the freezing point. Inasmuch as the wet bulb temperature of the air and the water in the tank are but few degrees apart when the water in the tank is not heated directly, it is a fairly effective and simple control. One permissible variation of this method is to use a thermostat in the air leaving the washer controlling the dry bulb temperatures at this point through regulation of the steam supply to the inside tempering coil. The wet bulb temperature of the air is controlled by means of water leaving the eliminator plates and is held at the desired point by means of adding heat to the spray water. This will control exactly the tempera ture and relative humidity of the leaving air. Two or more tempering coils are required for this method. 4. The fourth method is desirable where recirculation is used and consists in main taining the temperature leaving the washer at about 40 deg. by means of a thermostat located at this point and controlling the admixture of fresh and return air through automatically operated dampers. This effectively prevents over humidification and also danger of freezing and prevents the highest economy in cost in ventilation as no steam is required for either tempering or humidifying except after the air has passed the washer. 226 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 5. The fifth method of automatic control is to reheat the air leaving the air washer to a definite thermostatic controlled temperature and to control the relative humidity of the air by means of a hygrostat which operates either on the tem pering coils to heat the air or to heat the spray water through a water heater. STEAM REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR WASHERS AND FOR HUMIDIFICATION Where the spray water is not heated it is necessary that the wet bulb temperature of the incoming air be above the freezing point otherwise the eliminator plates will coat with ice and stop up even if the dry bulb temperature of the leaving air is above freezing point. It is necessary to heat zero air to 48 deg. in order that the wet bulb temperature may be 35 deg. The temperature of the leaving air may then be expected to be approximately 39 deg. dry bulb and 35 deg. wet bulb with a dew point of 31 deg. The additional heat required due to humidification is that indicated by the temperature drop of 9 deg. or 162 B.t.u. per 100 cu. ft. of air, or 1 b.h<p., for every 3400 cu. ft. of air per min. These are the minimum requirements for humidication above that required for heating the air. The following Table 101 gives the heat required from various outside entering wet bulb temperatures to various dew points tempera ' tures corresponding to a relative humidity of 70 deg. Table 101. Heat Required from Various Outside Entering Wet Bulb . Temperatures to Various Dew Point Temperatures Corre- . SPONDING TO A RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF 70 DEG. . See Mark's Engineers Handbook. Wet Bulb of Entering . Air, Deg. Fahr. -10 0 . 10 20 30 40 , .5060 Relative Humidity, Per Cent at 70 Dec. Fahr. (and Dew Point, Dec. Fahr.). 30% (37.25) 40% (44.5) 50% (50.5) 60% (55.3) 70%. (59.6) 80% (63.5), 1194 984 750 510 300 1452 1246 1025 779 496 178 1653 ' 1447 1228 983 700 ' 384 I860 1663 1445 1200 . 920 603 220 2044 1840 1621 1377 1097 783 394 . 2245 2039 1822 1581 1300 987 619 181 These values are for the total, heat required for both heating and humidifying the air. The amount of heat required for humidfying only may be found by subtracting from the values given the heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 cu. ft. of air per min. between the limits specified. The heat required for heating the air is given by the formula ' H = 1000 ~ h DUST REMOVAL The comparative efficiency of various air cleaning devices, on the basis of dust removal can be determined by means of standardized tests operated at rated capacities and when handling air at a definite standard 227 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 with respect to quantity and quality of dirt content. The determination of the cleaning efficiency may be made according to some standard method such as that described by A. M. Goodloe, member, A. S. H. & V. E. in the February 1924, Journal. Jhe percentage of dust removal as determined by the method of testing for all commercial air cleaning devices should lie between 80 and 95 per cent and the minimum removal under such conditions should be specified and guaranteed by the manu facturer. The efficiency of dust removal may be expressed by the following formula: * e _ j _ Weight any sample leaving . Weight any sample entering In case the resistance method is used in accordance with the AndersonArmspach method of dust determination, the formula will become ^ Time required to give a definite resistance increment with entering sample Time required to give the same increment with leaving sample . or, if the same time be used in obtaining both samples, which is preferable then E = i -- The resistance increment of outgoing sample The resistance increment of ingoing sample . RATING OF AIR WASHERS AND FILTERS Air washers and filters are rated as follows: 1.--Capacity in cubic feet of air handled per minute. 2.--Resistance in inches of water which the washer or filter offers to the flow of air at its rated capacity. 3.--Percentage of dust removal at its rated capacity. . 4.--Percentage of entrained moisture remaining in the air after passing through the washer while operated at its rated capacity. 5.--If considered as a humidifying agent, the humidfying efficiency, or the percentage . of reduction in the initial wet bulb depression without external alteration of heating the circulating water. ' \ 228 Chapter XIX APPLICATION OF REFRIGERATION IN AIR CONDITIONING By N. A. Hollister, Non-Member HE advantages of one method of cooling air over another and the Tgeneral factors governing the proportioning and design of air con ditioning units are of interest to all whose work may bring them in contact with systems using refrigeration. It is the purpose of this chapter to give those not familiar with this important branch of air conditioning a better understanding of how refrigeration is applied in this work. The producing of the refrigeration for an air conditioning installation is a problem for the engineer, and is the same as any other refrigerating problem with a varying load. The method of treatment of the air, and its distribution is a separate study involving the entire subject of air conditioning. The remaining problem, then, in connection with the use of refrigera tion in air conditioning is the actual application of refrigeration in a unit or apparatus for cooling the air. The transfer of heat in air conditioning apparatus is usually accom plished by one of three methods: 1. Passing air through cold water or cold brine sprays 2. Passing air directly over cold coils 3. Combination of the above two methods COLD SPRAYS VS. COLD COILS A liquid spray which absorbs the heat from the air and transfers it to cooling. coils is more frequently used than cooling coils in direct contact with the air, for the following reasons: 1: Fewer coils required, therefore lower first cost, less space and weight 2. Low power for driving compressor . 3. Ease of keeping unit clean . 4. Ease of controlling effect on air 5. Securing of a.ir cleaning 6. Humidity control in winter , : i' 1 }- . ' . . LESS COIL REQUIRED . Water is generally used for spraying when the lowest liquid temperature is not too close to freezing. For lower temperature calcium or brine solutions of varying strengths, according to the requirements, are used. A liquid spray has the following marked advantages: 229 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 77. Gallons Water Required per Minute 230 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 1. Cheap method of securing an enormous radiating surface for heat transfer from the air 2. Continuous cleaning radiating surface 3. Elimination of all frosting of the coils with the accompanying lowering of heat transfer from coil surface 4. High heat transfer from liquid to coil surface With the comparatively small temperature differences encountered in such work, as 40 deg. water and 55 deg. air, the need of considerable heat absorbing surface is apparent.. When water is sprayed the heat transfer must take place on the surface of the drops and the square feet of surface will depend upon how finely the water is divided. Ten gallons of water sprayed and divided into spheres of 0.25 in. diameter gives about 380 sq. ft. of drop surface. If divided into drops of 0.10 in. diameter spheres, the surface increases to about 1000 sq. ft. The water is divided into almost invisible drops and the square feet of radiating surface secured will make a heat transference which would require a large and expensive coil. With water flowing over the cooling coils the rate of heat transfer is many times that secured with air passing over the coils even when the coils are dry and not frosted. With the correct design and proportioning 40, 50, or even 60. B.t.u. per hour per sq. ft. per'deg. difference may be obtained in practical commercial units as compared to the 2 B.t.u. or 6 B.t.u. from dry coils to air. The high transmission from water to coil, frosting disadvantages and other factors all combine to necessitate much less water-to-coil surface than coil-to-air surface with an accompanying saving of cost, space, and weight. ' LOW POWER FOR DRIVING COMPRESSOR Many air conditioning installations are operated 24 hours per day and on every installation the power used for operation is important. The higher the ammonia temperature, the lower the power used by the compressor. CLEANING UNIT When using the coil-to-air bunker room designs in order to get contact between the coils and air, the coils must be close together, arranged in some staggered form or with deflectors and baffles. Such arrangements make it almost impossible to allow for proper cleaning. Dirt collects on the wet surfaces as on the wet eliminator or scrubber plate surfaces in the dehumidifying unit but in the bunker room there is no flow of water to clean the surface. Fungus slime frequently collects which, together with rust and dirt and matter carried in by the air, makes cleaning desirable, if not an absolute necessity. With the spray method the flowing water keeps all surfaces cleaner and the draining of the tanks gives a ready means of carrying away all matter collected. 231 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 78. Square Feet Wet Coil Surface 232 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 CONTROLLING EFFECT ON AIR The control of outgoing air conditions, whether by hand or automatic devices is more rapidly changed in the spraying method than in the coilto-air method; If an operator is cooling the air with coils covered with frost (and they are practically always covered with frost and ice) and he desires to remove the cooling effect he may shut off the refrigerant but the bunker room will continue to treat the air until .the frost and ice are melted which may take quite a while. The alternative method of chang ing the air temperature is to use more space and increase the cost by providing a by-pass duct around the bunker room. By using a small tank capacity in relation to the volume being pumped it is possible quickly to cool or heat the water and thus have quick effect on the air. . Cleaning of Air Where dirt or gases carried by the outdoor air which would harm a product'or be undesirable for persons, the coil-to-air bunker room does no cleaning and may even add unsatisfactory bacteria due to the unit not being easily kept clean. The spray unit is in itself an efficient air cleaning apparatus. Humidifying of Air When refrigeration is used in air conditioning work, whether primarily for lowering the dry bulb or for lowering the humidity the resulting moisture in the air is seldom as low as in the outdoor air during our many winter months. For many uses too low a humidity is as undesirable as too high a humidity and many times a constant humidity is desired all year to control yearly manufacturing conditions. The coil-to-air method offers no humidifying whatever while the spray type unit changes from a dehumidifier to a humidifier as soon as the water is not cooled. By air re-circulation or by heating the water or by both, even an excessive humidity may be readily produced by the spray type unit and the humidity controlled all year. Coil and Spray Combined Without study it might appear that placing the coils in the. spray chamber would be the practical solution. It is seldom that this is advisable. On light duty units, that is, where not much refrigeration is being used in comparison with the air being handled arid in some small units coils may be placed in the spray chamber thus doing away with the lower coil chamber, tank, and troughs, but more coil surface and a large spray chamber must be used. Unless the resistance of the unit is to be increased the spray chamber must be increased to allow for the space occupied by the coil in the air path. If much refrigeration is being used it will be found that the hori zontal projected area of the coil is considerable. Only a small fraction of the water sprayed hits or comes in contact with the coil surface. Sortie of the water is therefore not cooled during each cycle and to maintain a certain average water temperature some of the water must be cooled considerably lower. As it is not advisable to 233 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 79. Troughs 234 Fig. 80. Size of Pipes and Number of Pipes High 235 C u b ic I n c h es o f A m m o n ia V apo r to b e C ir c u la t e d to P ro duce O n e T o n o f R e f r ig e r a t io n in .T w e n t y -F o u r H ours American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide* 1925-26 200. 215 230 245 108.7 214.7 229.7 244.7 No a> 04 04 0 tO 1 h- ft CO mCO lO o> 170 184.7 155 169.7 s 00 >COo O o 100.3 *OOOOQOOQOtOQ^>OOOOOQOOOO b.iHTl'Oi0'03*'OMOOOOOOO'0N5t^C]OCiOOj no vo o ^ *o e* " -- O ' 40 0 0 O' 40 o o oooooooooooqoo _ _ 1 . . - ._ - - i-0\ oot-t- > 40 ^ T* co CO co '0'0>0`0d<'tf0(N -- 40 o 40 Q O Q o Q O OO O O 40 40 o 40 O 40 o O , 40vcooo<oooc'44oov^*-,J2*,'*pfOt''iosojo _ . ........ . 00 f-- t-- 'O 40 CO CO CO '0l040^,^lOf0M'<OO i*o^4OoO''O04o0r-OO4OoOoQ^O0'5f2*T?<Oge'j*0oj34`*0'>* a t 2 .... - - . ... -coOr--'0404o3<Ti*rorocO VOOVV4l,^,f^MN'-' ft a tb b u a* E> U z' at g 40W>40040 ~-4o^,0'`or-.'fOr-eMoo^H'oo>.^'C>^-<o04o<>i O'OiO^coro^J*--i0 ' 40 40 40*040040*0 Ov ro OO fO CO ro 40 OO 0 O 0 t"-- 00 40 *-- ... - . . - - - - -OOOOfs* vO 40 o T* co CO o iOiOTj`-<*,fOtOPs>>-'--'O ul)(if^00oScN400^^Cfi^N^40p|0o0ii|S;0^*Qf"7 40 40 CO CO Cl - . < 6 s ; . iS04O0O^r^T*/f>SOi=0!4Ooi5e0^0`ocOorO4O:jOvO2`Q5eOs'i0`oQg^OH < . . . ...... - 00 *s. Is. \ to ^4 CO CO CO 74.4 80.2 154.7 125 110 124.7 109.7 139.7 8 Czl K5 0 3 ^tv55'(N*O^f45iN00^inNlsc-^>^Oj'3p4C08N2'-2J2S!5s lOTt<Tt'fOrOCs}Csj-H iOsit*n#nln#GiiO3'ONi*0Oi.m.Ol4'.-0O<>-N04C.O044-C,0<Jlht-0o'N'00*l'"^-Ntt^T'Oj0"`00lO"ci0^f^r-r0<00vf'0OiQ0cfO0SrNOO0 los^Tt'foeocs -- -- O nSnoSO^oioOo'o0i0o0o'=4'ooOoOO4o-^cN4'0^ooioio^r4co fOoocooo^r::-'*oo^S`o<o34t-:c2oo40iOs . I . ..... . o> * 00 t--< 40 co CO co C-l ^^4OCOCSC4 -- VM O u of DiC/fil S atnt ZtQd Z o u Abs. T bmp. OF S u c t io n 2"3 o3 o a 3 A s< a E p- z0 1 CO Gage ^ o OOOOOOOOOOOO O'O o o o o o \ fO O' * ^4 wt.co > O- ^<40 ObsC'fOi-'OvOooriOH cor4'o6r^n*e'4o6'0-4^^'^rs*-j'2< 1il C? CO CO II|111111II111 T++++++ n n cn fs. ts. {s. r is. (s. n ts. ts (s. fs fs u*> to M t-t ^ rqrosd<ioooOr^ioOOOioOoO r>4 es eo co o* 40 236 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 operate too close to the freezing point, either brine must be sprayed or a low temperature cannot be carried without submerged coil surface as well as extra coils in the spray chamber. When the sprayed water hits the cooling coil it does not have a ten dency to stick to the coil. The result is that a lower total volume of water will be flowing over the total coil surface and less total cooling will be secured per foot of surface used. If the cost of a larger spray chamber, extra coil surface in the spray chamber, and the submerged coils required and the other factors are favorable, the coils may be used in the upper spray chamber with satis factory results in some installations. . For some duties a return bend arrangement may be used passing the air through the upper chamber and then down and back through the lower coil chamber. The coils are covered by a film of running water at a lower temperature than the air and as some air will come in contact with the cold water and other cooled surfaces a limited amount of extra cooling may be secured. There is one important point which is a problem for the refrigerating engineer, but which has sometimes been overlooked. This is the matter of control of the refrigeration. Almost all air conditioning installations, whether with .automatic or hand control, give a varying refrigerating load. Systems have been operated using many tons of refrigeration and this load has suddenly been removed owing to changing requirements. Meanwhile the ammonia compressor may be operating, and freezing of the system with accompanying damages results if carried far enough. Ammonia lines in a plant cannot be tapped and valves turned on and off quite as readily as in a steam line. The refrigerating engineer should be fully advised regarding the varying of the air conditioning refrigerating load. . With the accompanying charts no one should have difficulty in checking a layout or making preliminary approximate estimates of the part of an air conditioning unit using refrigeration. It is impossible to give here all the factors governing the use of refrigeration and the allowance to make for different conditions such as coils that are dirty or oily on the inside, coils with'poor outside surfaces, the element of time in changing condi tions of air treatment, structural considerations' and particularly the action of the water when it is sprayed in the coil chamber in contact with the air. It is not suggested by the author that those unfamiliar with the details of such work use these charts except as a source of general information as to the factors governing the design of such equipment. Estimates as shown by the dotted lines on the charts are made as follows: 1. Total heat load--4,000 B.t.u. per minute 20 tons refrigeration 2. Design and conditions allow 6 deg. rise in water temperature 3. Average water temperature 44 deg. 4. Average ammonia temperature 10 deg. 5. Difference ammonia and water 34 deg. . 6. Gallons handled per ft. of trough ljJ 7. Standard unit available allows 8 ft. long troughs American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Fig. 77 shows that 80 gallons water per minute are required. Fig. 78 shows that 140 square feet of cooling coil surface are required when working at the rate of 50 B.t.u. per hour per square foot per degree difference. Fig. 79 shows 64 lineal feet trough required. Also shows 8 troughs and coils wide and space required as follows: 6 in. coil centers require space 54 in. wide 8 in. coil centers require space 68 in. wide 10 in. coil centers require space 82 in. wide 12 in. coil centers require space 96 in. wide . . From Figs. 78 and 79 it was found that 140 sq. ft. of surface and 64 lineal feet of troughs were required. Fig. 80 shows the following: Pipe diameter........ 1J4 in- Lineal Feet________ 225 Pipes High. ....... ....... 5 1M in. 283 . 6 1 in. 404 7 Pipes High have been increased to eliminate fractions and in designing a unit the lineal feet of coil required would have to be increased in pro portion. Allowance must be made for dirty coils, uneven water distri bution, quick control of temperatures arid other factors, all of which might double the coil surface shown mathematically by the charts. The heat transfer which may be obtairted in the upper chamber, and the maximum rise in the water temperature, arid therefore the use of Fig. 77, will vary with each change in nozzle, pump pressure, time element, pounds of water used per pound of air, water to air temperature differences, and other such factors as might be expected, but once the volume of water arid the temperature through which it must be cooled are determined, the design of that part of the apparatus using refrigeration will be a comparatively simple problem to those familiar with such work. V- \ Chapter XX DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AIR DUCTS By F. R. Still, Member HE successful operation of a mechanical or plenum heating installa Ttion, an exhaust system or a dust collecting plant is largely dependent upon the correct design of the duct system. Materials, proportions,friction, location and innumerable other items are factors in the correct operation of a duct system. In the design of ducts and flues for the mechanical circulation of air, or by gravity, losses due to friction are the basis for figuring and these losses must be kept within the available pressure difference. This pres sure difference in mechanical ventilation is that derived from the fan while in gravity ventilation it is the asperating effect due to the tempera ture and height of the column of heated air. When attempting the design of a duct system the general rules to remember are: ' 1. The air should be conveyed as directly as possible at reasonable velocities to obtain the result desired with greatest economy of power, material and space. 2. Sharp elbows and bends are to be avoided. - 3. All ducts or flues shall have sides as nearly equal in size as possible. (In no case shall the ratio between long and short sides be greater than 10 to 1.) . The piping systems for various operations must be of different design as the principal consideration for industrial work is for heating while in public buildings the air required for ventilation greatly exceeds the volume needed for heating. For instance, the ducts for a school, theatre or other public buildings, where freedom from noise and elimination of drafts is essential and where branch ducts serve individual rooms, is a much different problem in design than that involved in proportioning ducts intended for heating a factory, where a main duct of decreasing dimensions extends lengthwise of the building and gives a uniform distribution of air. For public buildings air velocities must, therefore, be kept low between 900 and 1200 ft. per minute while in industrial buildings they can range from 1500 to 2000 ft. per minute or even more with no other disadvantage than expensive operation. Standard velocities of air in public buildings are as follows: 1. Through the outside air intakes 1,000 ft. per min. 2. Through connections to and from heater 1,000 to 1,200 ft. per min. 3. Through the main discharge duct from 900 to 1,200 ft. per min. . 4. In branch ducts 700 to 900 and vertical flues 400 to 600 ft. per min. 5. In registers or grilles 200 to 400 ft. per min. depending upon the size and location. < ,6. If diffusers of proper design are used, 25 per cent higher air velocities may be permitted. 239 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 102. Corresponding Pressures and Velocities of Dry Air at 70 Deg. and 29.92 In. Barometer Inches of Water 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.43 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.87 0.90 1.00 1.25 1.30 1.50 1.73 1.75 2.00 2.17 2.25 2.50 2.60 2.75 3.00 3.03 3.25 3.47 3.50 3.75 3.90 4.00 4.25 4.34 4.50 4.75 Ounces per Sq. In. 0.0289 0.577 0.1154 0.1443 0.1730 0.2308 0.2500 0.2884 0.3460 0.4037 0.4326 0.4614 0.5000 0.5190 0.5768 0.7209 0.7500 0.8650 1.0000 1.0092 1.1535 1.2500 1.2975 1.4418 1.5000 1.5860 1.7300 1.7500 . 1.8740 2.0000 2.0185 2.1630 2.2500 2.3070 2.4510 2.5000 2.5950 2.7395 Velocity Ft. per Min. 896 1266 1791 2003 . 2193 2533 .2637 2832 3102 3351 3468 3582 3729 3800 4005 4478 4566 4905 5273 5298 5664 5895 6007 6332 6457 6641 6937 6976 7220 7457 7492 7756 7910 8010 8256 8337 8496 8729 Inches op Water ' 4.77 5.00 5.20 5.50 6.00 6.07 6.50 6.94 7.00 7.50 7.80 8.00 8.67 9.00 9.54 10.00 10.40 11.00 11.27 12.00 12.14 13.00 13.87 14.00 15.00 15.61 16.00 17.00 17.34 18.00 19.00 19.07 20.00 20.81 22.54 24.28 26.01 27.74 . Ounces per Sq. In. 2.750 2.884 3.000 3.172 3.460 3.500 3.749 4.000 4.037 4.326 4.500 4.614 5.000 5.190 5.500 5.768 6.000 6.344 6.500 6.921 7.000 7.497 8.000 8.074 8.650 9.000 9.227 9.805 . 10.000 10.380 10.960 11.000 11.535 12.000 13.000 14.000 15.000 16.000 Velocity Ft. per Min. 8745 8943 9134 9392 9810 9864 10210 10545 10595 10968 11187 11328 11792 12015 12367 12665 12915 13282 13445 13875 13950 14440 14913 14985 15510 15820 16020 16513 16675 . 16990 17456 17488 17910 . 18265/ 19012 . 19730 20420 21090 Table 103. Corresponding Velocity for Dry Air at Various Pressures and ' Temperatures and 29.92 In. Barometer PRESSURS Inches 0.25 0.5 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 Ounces 0.1443 0.2884 0.4326 0.5768 0.7209 0.8650 1.0092 1.1535 1.2975 50 1965 2778 3402 3929 4393 4812 5197 5556 5892 60 1986 2808 3439 3971 4440 4864 5254 5616 5956 70 2003 2832 3468 4005 4478 4905 5298 5664 6007 100 2059 2911 3565 4117 4602 5042 5446 5822 6174 150 2149 3038 3720 4296 4804 5262 5683 6076 6443 300 2399 3391 4153 4796 5362 5874 6344 6783 7193 600 550 2696 3812 4668 5390 6027 6602 7131 7624 8085 2895 4095 5020 5795 6470 7100 . . 7655 8195 8690 240 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 It is customary, in proportioning ducts for heating and ventilating work to follow either of two methods: 1. Arbitrarily select sizes from assumed velocities, depending upon velocity of air at fan outlet. 2. Determining the velocity which will give an assumed resistance within fan capacity at noiseless operating speed. By decreasing the velocity in main duct as air is delivered through branch outlets: (I) uniform air delivery through outlets is accomplished, (2) friction in smaller pipes is reduced, (3) portion of velocity head is converted into static pressure. The two greatest losses in duct systems are dynamic losses and friction losses. The former are chiefly caused by changes in direction or in velo city of air flow and are expressed in pressure in inches of water gage as per Table 103. ' Friction losses due to friction of air against sides of ducts, vary directly as the length of the pipe, directly as the square of the velocity and in versely as the diameter. Friction is commonly expressed as equivalent pressure in inches water gage or in terms of velocity heads, (the ratio of friction loss to the theoretical pressure corresponding to the velocity in the duct). One velocity head is the pressure corresponding to the velo city of air in the duct. , For smooth round pipes the friction loss is: where 50 D \4005/ F = loss of pressure in inches of water V *= velocity in feet per minute L = length of pipe D = diameter of pipe in feet;^ = length of pipe in diameters. ' If a factor of safety is thought desirable the length 45 may be used though experiments show that the friction loss is equal to one velocity head iri a length varying from 40 to 60 diameters depending upon the smoothness of the duct. The engineer's judgment and experience should prevail in this matter. For example correction should be made for pipes with rough or uneven surfaces and in the case of brick or concrete ducts the friction loss should be increased 25 per cent or more. A formula for rectangular ducts is derived in a similar manner but it will be found very convenient to use the accompanying chart Fig. 81. Other losses of pressure are at the entrance to the duct, through heater,air washer, etc. In ordinary practice it is usual to keep the sum of the piping losses & to and the loss through heater at less than of the static.pressure. The remainder is then available for producing velocity. The ideal duct system will take all factors into consideration and proportion air velocities so that the resistance will be practically equal in all ducts regardless of length. 241 D ia m e t e r o f P ip e C u b ic F e e t per M in u t e American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 9 q ^ <3 3 5 ? ^ ^ i; ^ -*sca 5 3 s 3 J ! HOW TO USE THE FRICTION CHART While this chart can be used to determine the friction of air which is flowing through ducts, it can also be used for determining the size of a pipe to handle a specified volume or the velocity that will be necessary. For example: 242 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Assume that a volume of*20,000 cu. ft. per min. is to be discharged through a 36 in. duct. The volume is given on the right hand margin; follow along the horizontal line opposite 20,000 cu. ft. per min. until it intersects with the diagonal line sloping upward to the right which is marked 36 in. diameter of pipe. The velocity will be found to be 2,800 ft. per min., this being the-other diagonal line sloping downward to the right. At this point of intersection is a vertical line giving the friction, which is indicated at the bottom of the chart as being 0.4 in. water gage per hundred feet of length. Thus if the duct is only 40 ft. long, the friction will amount to 40 X 0.4 . 0.16 in. W. G. 100 The friction of elbows varies with the radius; an elbow having a radius in the throat that is half the diameter of the pipe, will present a frictional resistance that is equivalent to a straight pipe that is 30 times its diameter. For instance a 36 in. diameter elbow having a radius of 18 in. in the throat would present as much friction as ^ ^ ^ = 90 ft. of straight 36 in. pipe. If the radius in the throat is equal to the diameter then the friction would only be equal to 10 diameters. If the radius is twice the diameter, the friction is only 4.3 diameters. The friction of a rectangular pipe for a given velocity (not for volume) can be converted to an equivalent round pipe as follows: D = 4 W H in which 2 IV+2 if IV is the width, H is the height and D is the diameter, all in inches. To find an equivalent diameter for a given volume and the same friction as a rectangular duct, proceed as follows: . d = -e________________:_____ _ 0.79 y/ar+GB` SOME GENERAL INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION HINTS 1. Ducts should be not less than 6 x 6 in. in size and made of galvanized iron or steel. 2. Angular turns should be made with elbows having a radius not less than the width or diameter of the duct. 3. Offsets should be at an angle of 30 to 45 deg. 4. Branch ducts should make curved connection with main duct and should have accessible dampers. Gages of Galvanized Iron or Steel to be Used for Ducts, for Outside Air Intake _______ _ ,__________ Heating and Ventilating___________________________ a Round Ducts, Diam., In. Gage Rectangular Ducts Width, In. Gage - ' 6 to 19 20 to 29 . 30 to 39 ' 40 to 49 . 50 and above 26 24 22 20 , 18 4 to 18 19 to 30 31 to 60 . 61 to 118 118 and above 26 24 22 20 18 5. Rectangular ducts should have metal strap or rod supports and when over 36 in. in width should be stiffened with angle iron at 4 ft. intervals. 6. Longitudinal seams and transverse joints should be flat and smooth inside; slip joints should be in direction of air flow. 7. Access doors to ducts should be hinged and fire dampers in supply and vent ducts should be of ^ in. steel plate, held by fusible link for release, at 160 deg. fahr. 8. Air intake should be screened with 1 in. mesh or less and protected from weather. 9. Final exit for exhaust ducts should be protected from weather and placed so as not to contaminate air supply. . 10. Underground ducts should be waterproofed, drained and provided with means of access for inspection and cleaning. 243 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 MEASUREMENT OF AIR FLOW The quantity, velocity and pressure of air discharged by a fan or flowing through a pipe may be determined by various methods. An i anemometer is used where accuracy is not required and where air velocities not over 600 ft. per min. are to be measured, as at registers. For the greatest measure of reliability the anemometer shall have been newly calibrated, and correction shall be made for the error as shown by the calibration. The standard method for measuring air velocity and pressure shall be the pitot tube as described in the A. S. H. & V. E. Standard Code for the Testing of Centrifugal and Disc Fans (Trans., A. S. H. & V. E., Vol. 29, 1923, p. 407.) Installation tests for determination of fan capacity and efficiency shall be under laboratory conditions, in accordance with this Code. \ ' 244 Chapter XXI EXHAUST AND COLLECTING SYSTEMS PNEUMATIC exhaust and collecting systems may be classified in various ways. They may be classified by the economic purpose to be accomplished by the industries served, or by the type of system used. Classifying exhaust systems by industries served, they fall in sub divisions such as, metal working, woodworking, leather and shoe manu facturing, rubber industry, flint grinding, pottery works, pulverizing works, celluloid manufacturing, printing establishments, felt hatting and fur manufacturing, textile mills, grain and cereal industry, etc. TYPES OF SYSTEMS The type of exhaust system to be used is determined by the industry served, kind of material handled, and the work to be accomplished. There are two general arrangements; the central and the group systems. In the central system a single or double fan is located near the center of the shop with a piping system radiating to the various machines to be served. In the group system, which is sometimes employed where the machines to be served are widely scattered, small individual exhaust fans are located at the center of the machine groups. The group arrangement has the advantage of flexibility. It is, however, more difficult to balance than the central, and also the large number of small diameter trunk lines required show a much higher friction loss per foot of length than with the central system where one large main pipe serves a considerable number of machines. Exhaust systems are also characterized by the means employed to collect the dust or other material handled. The dust or refuse may be collected and controlled by enclosing hoods, open hoods, inward air leakage or general room exhaustion. With another class of machinery it is not feasible to closely hood the machines and in these cases open hoods over or adjacent to the machines are provided to collect as much of dust and fumes arising as possible. In this class come such machines as rubber mills, package filling ma chinery, sand blast, crushers, forges, pickling tanks, melting furnaces, and the unloading points of various types of conveyors. The open hoods should be placed as close to the source of dust or fumes as possible with due regard to the movements of the operator. When the hood has to be placed at some distance above the machine it should be large enough to encompass an area of considerable extent as diffusion is usually quite rapid. Material for this section was prepared especially for Thb Guide by H. M. Nichols, Boston, Mass. ' 245 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Consideration must also be given to the natural movement of the fumes. For those that are lighter than air the hood should be over or above the machine and where a heavy vapor or dust-laden air at ordinary temperature is to be removed, horizontal or floor connections are re quired. If it is attempted to remove heavy dust such as lead oxides by an overhead hood the conditions may be worse than if no exhaust were used at all, owing to the rising air current carrying the dust up through the breathing zones. The principle to keep in mind in all cases is to take advantage of the natural tendency of the material to move upward or downward. In another class of operation the main object is to prevent the escape of dust into the surrounding atmosphere, the removal of some dust from the machine or enclosure being merely incidental. The dust .creating apparatus is enclosed within a housing which is made as tight as prac ticable, and sufficient suction is applied to the enclosure to maintain an inward air leakage, thus preventing escape of the dust. While the ex haust system is only required to handle the air which leaks in through the crevices and openings in the enclosure, yet in many installations leakages are very high and great care is required to obtain satisfactory results with a system of this kind. The inward leakage principle is utilized for controlling dust in the operating of tumbling barrels, grinding, screen ing, elevating and similar processes. . Certain dust and fume producing operations are best carried on by isolating the process in a separate compartment or room and then apply ing general ventilation to this space. The compartment or room in which the work is performed should be as small as is consistent with convenience in handling the work. The ventilating system should be designed so that a strong current of clean air is drawn across the operator, and away from him toward the work, where the dust is picked up and carried from the room. IMPORTANT REQUIREMENTS OF AN EFFI CIENT EXHAUST AND COLLECTING SYSTEM It is impracticable to enumerate all of the requirements for an efficient exhaust and collecting system, however, among the more important there are the following: . 1. Fans, collectors, hoods, and ducts should be of adequate size. ' 2. Air volume, and velocities should be adequate for the work to be accomplished. . 3. The.exhaust hoods should not interfere with the operation of the machine or . access to its working parts. . 4. The system should not increase the fire hazard. 5. The system should not increase the dust explosion hazard. ' 6. Where power is expensive, should do the.required work with a minimum power consumption. '. 7. in cold climates, should not remove any more air than necessary from the building. ' ' 8. Where power is comparatively cheap, first cost should be low, even if the powerrequired to operate is slightly higher. 246 ..'..AV-..,.- wm- American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 In designing an exhaust system certain quantities must be chosen arbitrarily by the engineer, and the success of the installation depends to a large degree upon his experience and the skill with which he chooses these arbitrary quantities. It is quite possible for an inexperienced de signer to lay out a system which may figure out properly, but the general results are likely to be unsatisfactory. The first step in designing systems employing hoods to trap the material is .to determine the number and size connections for each individual machine. At this point the designer's past experience is of great value, as, while it is possible to set certain general standards, yet in actual practice the sizes, are considerably affected by the local conditions which the layout man finds in the field, and he bases the pipe sizes and hoods on his judgment, being guided by his experience, and the general practice. The size of hoods and connections are determined by the size and type of machines or apparatus to be handled by the exhaust system, by the kind of material worked, by the duty of the machines and other local conditions. It is impracticable to lay down any general rules for de termining size connections for the various types of machines and Tables 104 to 106, giving sizes as used in some of the common industries are only intended to serve as a general guide. Under certain favorable conditions smaller connections may be supplied. Open bottom exhaust hoods of the canopy type, where it is impractical to enclose completely the point of origin of the dust or fumes, should extend over the machine or operation at least 6 in. in every direction if the hood is not elevated more than 2 ft. For each additional 2 ft. of elevation, the size of the hood should be increased 6 in. in all directions. In systems employing inward air leakages the area of connections must be proportional to total leakage area in the enclosing housing. Tumbling barrels have connections ranging from 4 to 8 in., bucket con veyors 6 to 12 in., and screening machines 6 to 10 in. In genera] room exhaust large connections should be provided so that the air may be handled at low velocity and with a minimum power con sumption. ` After haying determined on the proportions of the exhaust system as regards hoods and connections it is then necessary to choose the air velo city or suction at the hood connections, suction at the hood connections being a measure of the air velocity at that point. . AIR VELOCITY The air velocity required is dependent upon the specific gravity of the material, the fineness of the particles, and their physical characteristics. Certain materials such as grease wools, silk waste, salt, and other hydro scopic substances are difficult to handle due to the tendency to deposit "/ in the conveyor pipes. While the velocity in the system should be sufficiently high to insure the removal of the material ft should be kept as low as practicable since any higher velocity requires the use of unnecessary power. With a fixed system or orifice the power increases as the cube of the increase in velocity. . . 247 - :. .. . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 104. Size of Connections for Wood-Working Machinery Type of Machine Circular Saws, 12-in. diam--................................................... Circular Saws, 12-24-in. diam.................................................. Circular Saws, 24-40-in. diam.................................................. Band Saws, Blade under 2 in. wide........... .................. ;....... Band Saws, Blade 2-3 in. wide.... ............ .............................. Band Saws, Blade 3-4 in. wide.... .............. ............................ Band Saws, Blade 4-5 in. wide................................................ Band Saws, Blade 5-6 in. wide._____________ ,______ ____ Small Mortisers...... ...................................................................... Single End Tenoners................................................................... Double End Tenoners.... ........................................................... Double End, Double Head Tenoners..................... .............. Planers, Matchers, Moulders, Stickers, Jointers, etc.-- With Knives, 6-10 in....... ................................................ With Knives, 10-20 in....... ................................................ With Knives, 20-30 in....... ................................................ Shapers, Light Work........................................................... ...... Shapers, Heavy Work................................................................. Belt Sander, Belt less than 6 in. wide.................................. Belt Sander, Belt 6-10 in. wide.......... ................ ................. Belt Sander, Belt 10-14 in. wide,....... .................. 1................ Drum Sander, 24 in....... ....................................... ...................... Drum Sander, 30 in................. ................................................... Drum Sander, 36 in....... ............................................................. Drum Sander, 48 in......... ................................................. _....... Drum Sander, over 48 in........................................................... Disc Sander, 24 in. diam............................ .............................. Disc Sander, 26-36 in. diam..................................................... Disc Sander, 36-48 in. diam--............................................... Arm Sander.................................................................................... Diameter of Connections in Inches 4 5 6 4 5 6 .7 8 6 6 7 10 5-6 6-8 6-10 4-5 8 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 10 5 6 7 4 Table 105. Size of Connections for Grinding and Buffing Wheels Diameter of Wheels . Grinding-- \ 6 in. or less, not over 1 in. thick. ........... 7 in. to 9 in., inclusive, not over in. thick.......... 10 in. to 16 in., " a 2 in. " .......... 17 in. to 19 in., 20 in. to 24 in., " a " " 3 in. " ..:... a 4 in. a ...... 25 in. to 30 in., " " "5 in. " .......... Buffing-- 6 in. or less, not over 1 in. thick............... 7 in. to 12 in., inclusive, not over 1 Y& in. thick.......... 13 in. to 16 in,, 17 in. to 20 in., 21 in. to 27 in., u " " a a 2 in. " _____ a 3 in. " .......... u a 4 in. " .......... 27 in. to 33 in., " " " 5 in. u .......... Max. Grinding Surface Sq. In. 19 43 101 180 302 472 19 57 101 189 338 518 Min. Diam. of Branch Pipes in Inches 3 4 m 5 6 3)4 4 4H 5 6 7 248 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 > Table 106: Suctions Required at Hoods For Connections of Usual Proportions .. Work Static Suction in ` In. of Water Exhausting from tumbling barrels. ................................................................................ 1-2 1-2 1-2 2-4 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 2-3 1-3 ' 1-2 3-5 Velocities commonly employed are: . 2,500 to 3,000 ft. per min. for, light dusts,- cotton, shavings and sawdust from dry wood, and similar substances. Heavy dusts, wool, shavings and sawdust from wet wood, rags, waste paper and similar materials 3,000 to 4,000 ft. per min. Lead dust, hog waste, pulp chips, etc., 4,000 to 6,000 ft. per min. In choosing the pipe sizes consideration must be given to the way and manner in which the machines will be operated, as in case a considerable number of machines, all discharging into one main, should be shut off at the same time, the velocity in the main might easily be lowered to the point where it would not be sufficient to carry the material from the machines still in operation, and thus result in clogging the pipes. Ac cordingly, it is sometimes desirable to use velocities higher than the mini mum to allow a factor of safety to cover this contingency. The resistance of a round pipe to the flow of air is inversely proportional to the fifth power of the diameter of the pipe- Therefore, handling a given quantity of air through a larger pipe at a lower velocity decreases the frictional resistance very materially and correspondingly decreases the horse-power required at the fan, and thus it is very desirable to keep the air velocities throughout the system as low as possible, consistent with the major requirement that the material must be taken away as fast as made, without clogging the pipes, under the varying operating conditions met with from day to day in the plant. . The static suction required at the hood connections varies from 1 to 5 in. of water. The suction required depends flpon many factors such as the relative size of the hoods and connections, kind and quantity of material handled, as well as its physical condition. In some states codes have been issued specifying suctions to be maintained for the mpre common dusts. , A suction standard should always be considered in conjunction with the shape of hood, and size connection, as these factors together determine the volume of air exhausted and its velocity which in turn are a measure of. the effectiveness of the exhaust system. ' 249 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 The cubic feet of air of standard density taken into the system at each connection is given by the formula: Q 4000 A fJ~* where Q = Cubic feet of air per minute; A = Area of connection in square feet; / = Orifice or restriction coefficient; i = Static suction measured in inches of water. The orifice coefficient / is dependent upon the shape and construction of the hood and will range from 60 to 90 per cent. An average value is 70 per cent. Knowing the suction at each hood and the diameter of each connection, the volume of air passing up each branch can be taken from the accom panying Table 107. The sum of all these volumes gives the total volume to be handled by the exhaust fan. . Table 107. Cubic Feet of Air Handled Per Minute Through Average Collecting Hoods Based on Coefficient of Orifice of 0.71 with 10 Per Cent Addedfor Leakage Diameter of Maintained Suction--In. Water Gace - . Connection . Pipe In, 1 m 2 2H 3 4 5 \y2 2 2}4 3 1)4 4 AVi 5 6 7 8 .9 10 38 68 107 153 209 273 345 427 614 835 - 1092 1381 1705 . 47 84 131 188 256 334 423 523 751 1023 1337 1694 2090 54 97 161 217 296 386 488 605 867 1181 1546 1953 2409 61 108 168 243 330 431 546 676 970 1322 1727 2184 2695 67 118 185 266 362 473 598 741 1062 1448 1892 2387 2959 76 136 214 306 418 546 690: 854 1228 1670 2184 2762 3410 86 153 238 343 466 609 . 775 955 1373 1870 2440 3091 3806 , Common practice fs to provide a main suction pipe having an area 20 to 25 per cent in excess of the sum of the areas of the branches enter ing it between the point in question and the dead end of the main. Similarly the discharge pipe leading from the fan outlet to collector is frequently made the same diameter as the large end of the main suction pipe. The reason for this increase in size is that a considerable power saving results from the lower air velocity; However, there is no technical reason why mains should be a certain percentage greater area than the Sumof the connections, and still lower power consumption can be Ob tained by using larger branches and mains of equal area. While the rule , 250 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 of thumb method of determining size of mains works very well in many cases, yet it is always desirable to. figure the mains and branches of the proper size to give the velocity which has been found best suited to the work to be done. . .. In certain special cases where explosive or poisonous dusts such as aluminum buffings, grain dust, powdered sugar, or lead dust are handled, increasing the size of the mains unduly would introduce a serious hazard. An exhaust system to be effective must remove a certain amount of air from each hood or other connection, and in addition must maintain sufficient velocity throughout the piping system to convey the dust or refuse material to the separator. Any system which is mechanically well constructed and handles the requisite air at the connections and maintains sufficiently high velocities, is an effective system from the standpoint of the work done. However, to keep the operating cost low it is advantageous to do the work with as low velocities as the character istics of the material will permit. The skilled designer will keep both of these requirements in mind and produce a system which is both effective- and economical of power. ' The maintained resistance of the exhaust system is composed of three factors: (1) Loss through the hoods; (2) Collector drop; and (3) Fric tion drop in the pipes. .. . A. Suction at the various hoods must be chosen from experience. Loss through the hoods can be calculated by an experienced engineer but may be taken very roughly at one-half the suction. . B. Collector drop in inches of water is given by the following formula: VDrop = C \ iooo ) where -... C = a constant which depends upon the type of collector and is found to range from 0.25 to 0.75; V = velocity in ieet per minute of air entering the collector. C. Friction drop in the pipes must be computed for each section where there is a change in area or in velocity. Find the velocities in each sec tion of pipe starting with the branch furtherest from the fan. The friction drop for these sections can be determined by reference to Table 108. Total friction loss in the piping system is the friction drop in furthest branch plus the drop in the various sections of the main, plus the drop in the discharge pipe. The total maintained resistance of the system-7-or static head re quired at the fan = A -{- B + C. SELECTING THE FAN . Having determined the volume Of air and static head required, the size of exhaust fan,- speed and horse-power can be found by reference to the manufacturers performance tables or charts covering the type of exhaust fan selected. . .. 251 of andAmerican Society Heating Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Table 108. Frictional Resistance of Straight Conveyor Fife To Flow of Air Per 100 Feet of Pipe Vbl. of Air in Ft. per Min. 4' 2000 1.92 2200 2.32 2400 2.77 2600 3.26 . 2800 3.76 3000 4.33 3200 . 4.93 3400 5.56 3600 6.23 3800 6.95 4000 7.69 4200 8.48 4400 9.26 4800 11.05 5200 13.00 5600 15.25 6000 17,30 Loss op Pressure in Inches for Given Diameter Pipe 5' 1.53 1.85 2.22 2.60 3.01 3.46 3.94 4.45 4.98 5.55 6.15 6.78 7.41 8.85 10.50 12.05 13.85 6' 1.28 . 1.55 . 1.84 2.17 2.52 2.88 3.28 3.71 4.15 4.62 5.13 5.65 6.18 7.38 8.66 10.05 11.52 7' 1.09 1.32 1.58 1.86 2.15 2.47 2.82 3.18 3.56 3.97 4.40 4.85 5.30 6.32 7.44 8.61 9.89 8' 0.962 1.16 1:39 1.63 1.89 2.08 2.47 2.78 3.12 3.48 3.85 4.25 4.63 5.55 6.50 7.55 8.66 10' 0.770 0.932 1.01 1.30 1.51 1.73 1.97 2.22 2.49 2.78 3.08 3.49 3.71 4.43 5.21 6.03 6.92 12' 0.640 0.778 0.924 .1.08 1.26 1.44 1.64 1.85 2.08 2.32 2.57 2.83 3.09 3.69 4.34 5.05 5.76 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4800 5200 5600 6000 14' 0.550 0.655 0.790 0.930 1.07 1.24 1.41 1.59 1.78 1.99 2.20 2.43 2.66 3.17 3.72 4.32 4.95 16' 18' 0.482 0.582 0.693 0.810 0.932 1.08 1.23 1.43 1.56 1.74 1.92 2.12 2.33 2.77 3.25 3.78., 4.33 . 0.428 0.578 0.617 0.722. 0.838 0.961 1.09 1.24 1.38 1.54 1.71 1.88 2.06 . 2.46 2.89 3.35 3.85 20' 0.385 0.465 0.553 0.650 0.754 0.865 0.985 1.11 1.25 1.39 1.54 1.70 1.85 2.22 2.61 3.02 3.46 22' 0.350 0.423 0.504 0.590 0.685 0.788 0.895 1.01 1.13 1.26 1.40 1.54 1.68 2.02 2.36 2.74 3.14 24' 30' 0.320 0.257 0.388 0.310 0.462 0.369 0.542 0.434 0.628 0.503 0.722 0.577 0.820 0.657 0.925 0.742 1.04 0.832 1.16 0.926 1.28 . 1.03 1.42 1.13 1.54 1.24 1.85 1.48 2.16 1.75 2.52 2.01 2.89 2.31 FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE OF ELBOWS Elbows having a radius equal to the pipe diameter set up a resistance equivalent to a section of straight pipe approximately 10 diameters long. With a radius of In times the diameter the resistance is about the same as seven diameters of straight pipe. The usual types of ventilating fans are unsuitable for exhaust systems which are required to handle materials such as shavings, sawdust, emery dust, etc. Higher pressures are required than in ventilating work and in addition housings and blast wheel must be so constructed that the materials handled do not deposit in same. While the fans used in different exhaust systems are more or less of the same general type, modifications are frequently necessary to fit them for handling such materials as long shavings, strips of paper, cotton, pulverized coal, etc. The most common method of separating the dust and other materials' from the air is to pass the mixture through a centrifugal or "cyclone" . 252 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 collector. In this type of collector the mixture of the air and material is introduced on a tangent, near the cylindrical top of the collector, and the whirling motion sets up a centrifugal action causing the compara tively heavy materials suspended in the air to be thrown against the side of the separator, from which position it spirals down to the tail piece, while the air escapes through the stack at the center of the collector. For most systems, the nominal size and number of the collector will be the same as the diameter in inches of the main pipe leading to it. The nominal sizes of the different makes of collectors vary greatly, and it is advisable to make sure that a collector is large enough to do the work without excessive pressure drop, irrespective of nominal number or size. The larger the collector the better will be the separation, and the less will be the back pressure on the fan and power consumed. . Fig. S3. Exhaust and Conveying System Handles Waste, from Wood Working Machines . Special construction is sometimes required for fine dust, also some blow pipe manufacturers use a special type of collector for furnace feed, the object being to deliver the material to furnaces as uniformly as possibly. When more than one fan delivers into a single collector a back pressure valve is required to prevent one fan blowing back through the other in case the second fan should stop for any reason. In most plants, where wood refuse is used for fuel, it is delivered by gravity directly from the collector to the furnace. The discharge pipe leading from the bottom of the collector is divided and the junction fur nished with a switch or valve so arranged that when the material comes too fast for the fires it can be diverted into a reserve bin. The furnace feeder should be hinged where it is attached to the lower end of the discharge pipe, in order that it may be disconnected from the 253 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 furnace when the fan is shut down. Also great care must be taken to provide an absolutely tight switch. Otherwise, when discharging refuse to the storage bin, fine sawdust will sift through this valve and settle in the furnace feed pipe, and, in case the fireman has neglected to dis connect the feeder from the furnace, the flame may flash back, following this train of fine, sawdust, into the collector. Other forms of collectors or separators, are: settling chambers, cloth screen and bag collectors, bag houses, air washers and electric precipi tators. DESIGN OF HOODS The mechanical design as regards shape and construction of the hoods is extremely important. Probably more systems fail from improper hood construction than from any other one cause. If the material to be moved is already in motion, as are the chips thrown off from wood-working machines,. the hoods should be arranged in the path of the particles so that the velocity of the particles assists the air in carrying the material to the throat of the hood. Hoods should be arranged to draw dust and fumes away from the face of the operator. They should be placed as close as possible to the source of dust or waste material arid wherever practical, the hoods should en tirely enclose the dust producing operation. Hoods are usually constructed of galvanized sheet iron or other equally substantial and durable material. The material should be heavy enough to stand the abrasive action of the dust and refuse. The hoods should be of sufficient mechanical strength to keep their shape and should be well braced and substantially supported. Galvanized iron used should never be lighter than No. 22 gage. If acid or corrosive fumes are present heavy material painted with acid resisting paint should be used, or the hoods may be made of non-corrosive material. The exposed edges of all sheet metal hoods should be bound with wire or band iron, not only to give the necessary stiffness, but also to prevent the operator from being cut by the raw edges of the sheets. CONVEYOR PIPES The conveyor pipes leading from the hoods to the fan and thence to the collector are commonly made of galvanized iron, the gage of which varies from No. 24 to 14, depending upon the diameter. The piping should be free from dents, fins and projections of all kinds on which refuse ma-. terial might catch. All permanent circular joints should be lap-jointed, riveted and sol dered^ and all longitudinal joints either grooved and locked or riveted and soldered. Circular laps should be in the direction of the flow, and piping installed out-of-doors should have the longitudinal laps at the bottom.. Every change in pipe size should be made on a taper not by an abrupt change. 254 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 All pipes passing through roofs should be equipped with collars so arranged as to prevent water leaking into the building. The main trunks and branch pipes should be as short and straight as possible, strongly supported, and have the dead ends capped to permit inspection and cleaning. All branch pipes should join the main at an acute angle. The junction being at the side or top and never at the bot tom of the main. Branch pipes should not join the main pipes at points such that the material from one branch tends to enter the branch on opposite side of main. ' Cleanout openings having suitable covers should be so placed in the main and branch pipes that every part of the system can be easily reached Fig. 84. Collectors on Roof Piano Factory in case the system clogs. Either a large cleanout door should be placed in the main suction pipe near the fan inlet or a detachable section of pipe, held in place by lug bands, may be provided. ,. . Elbows should be made at least two gages heavier than straight pipe of the same diameter, the better to enable them to withstand the addi tional wear caused by changing the direction of flow. They should preferably have a throat radius of at least one and one-half times the diameter of the pipe. Every pipe should be kept open and unobstructed throughout its entire length, and no fixed screen should be placed in it, although the 255 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 use'of a trapat the junction of the hood and branch pipe is permissible, provided it is not allowed' to. fill up completely. The passing of pipes through fire-walls should be avoided wherever possible, and sweep-up connections should be so arranged that foreign material cannot be easily introduced into them. Where considerable quantities of explosive dust or inflammable materials pass through the exhaust fan, the blast wheel should be con structed of brass composition, copper or other soft metal and in all cases ample clearance should be provided between blast wheels and housings. . MAINTENANCE OF SYSTEM Because of its simplicity the exhaust system usually receives but little attention once it is installed; however, to obtain the best results, it should be inspected at suitable intervals and necessary adjustments made. The exhaust fan should be given proper attention the same as any other high-speed machine. It should be kept in proper alignment and tightly bolted to its foundation. Suction hoods, which have been removed to adjust the machines, should be replaced as soon as the adjustments are completed. Never start a machine with the blast gate closed, as the slight air leak age past the blast gate may draw material into the pipe and clog it. Disconnect furnace feeders from the furnaces when not in operation, and do not overload the system by ill-advised additions. \ 256 . Chapter XXII VENTILATORS AND NATURAL VENTILATION , OF the two methods of ventilating available, namely by mechanical means, and by the so-called natural forces, the later is often favored, because it is not dependent upon fans, blowers and motive power appara tus, any of which may get out of order; it requires no supervision, and it costs nothing for power to operate. It is dependent upon the operation of natural laws and is not subject to the requirements of control possible with mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation utilizes two separate agencies, (1) the buoyancy of the air caused by temperature difference between inside and outside of the building, and (2) the energy of the wind. The former is the same action that produces draft in a chimney. The two forces are entirely distinct and separate, and may either co-operate or oppose each other, depending upon the design of the ventilator. A ventilator is an opening in the roof, properly protected against rain, . snow and down draft; and surrounded by a hood or cowl intended to utilize the force of even the slightest breeze from any direction what-soever, in such a manner as to assist and increase ventilation. Occassion ally a damper is required to prevent over-ventilation in cold, stormy weather. In any event, openings near the floor of the building which is to -be ventilated are necessary to allow the ventilators to act. Ventilators may be.classified in general as, stationary'and rotary, and each of these may be divided into siphoning and non-siphoning. The rotary ventilators being one which always presents the same face to the wind, and the: siphoning ventilator being one which is so constructed as to use the force of the wind to siphon.the air out of the ventilator, usually allowing some of the external air to pass through the head. ' Engineers, architects and contractors who must make a selection should be guided'by the following four general points, (1) quality of material, (2) design, (3) construction and (4) capacity (conditions should be stated otherwise a fair comparision of this item is impossible.) What is generally desired more specificially is, the greatest amount of reliable ventilation for a given cost of equipment. The following facts affect ventilation and ventilator capacity: 1. Temperature difference between Inside and outside of building. 2. Height of ventilator above air inlet openings. ' 3. Wind velocity. . 4. Shape and design of ventilator. . Material for this section furnished especially for The Guide by Frank Kelley. C. T. Palmer and Thornton Lewis. '' 257 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 5. Air admission below the ventilator, (resistance to flow of air into building). 6. Resistance to air flow through the building. 7. Resistance to air flow in the ventilators themselves. 8. Location of the ventilator with respect to surrounding objects. Of the factors mentioned, only items 4 and 7.depend upon the ventila tor itself; the other items depend upon circumstances wholly outside of ventilator size and design. While ventilators may be divided into certain classes or groups and the average efficiency of one class will be higher or lower than the average efficiency of another class, this does not in any way determine the capacity of individual ventilators, as ventilators of the same class and, which from a casual observation appear to be the same, will have entirely different characteristics, due to the fact that some of the fundamentals have been overlooked or changed in one or the other. The basic principles which should be adhered to are as follows: 1. A reasonably large head, as it gives a larger low pressure area and a better exhaust. 2. A sufficiently large area for the air leaving the ventilator head preferably larger than the cross sectional area of pipe. 3. A storm band on stationary non-siphoning ventilators sufficiently wide and so placed as to prevent the entrance of external air into the ventilator head. , 4. If the ventilator is a siphoning type additional outlet air space must be provided in the head in order not to restrict the air pas sage from the exhaust pipe. 5. Provided a smooth, easy passage of sufficient area for the exit of exhaust air avoiding sharp turns and obstructions. 6. A flaring outlet from a rotary ventilator will give a better exhaust than a straight oultet. The simplest form of ventilator, shown in Fig. 85, consists of an.outlet pipe with a conical hood above it. The addition of a storm band, as shown in Figs. 36, 87 and 88, gives an increased protection against the entrance of rain or snow. The storm band, if placed so close to the cones as to restrict the outflow of air, interferes with ventilation. On the other hand, if the openings are made large enough to permit free egress of the inside air, the storm band increases the ventilation by utilizing the wind velocity to produce suction. A further development of .the later principle is the siphon ventilator, as illustrated in Fig. 89, in which siphons or ducts are introduced for the particular purpose of producing suction. In the swiveling or rotary ventilators, typified by Figs. 90 and 91, a freely rotating co\yl is used. A wind vane is provided for keeping the opening facing away from the direction of the wind. This type allows 258 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 free egress of the inside air (unless the outlet is made unduly small). For producing suction, it depends upon the viscous drag of the wind pas sing along the outside of the cowl. . In the induction or ejector type of ventilator, which is also of the swivel ing or rotary type Fig. 92, the kinetic energy of the wind is used to a large extent by creating suction, due to the viscous drag both inside and out side the cowl. This device is effective for ventilation even with very low wind velocities. In some stationary ventilators of the siphon type, or of the swiveling cowl type, low wind velocities have the effect of reducing Various Styles of Roof Ventilators the air discharge produced by the temperature difference, apparently because the laws of fluid flow are not the same at high and low velocities, which is an established fact. In the ejector ventilator, the funnel shape ejector tube converts the pressure of a slow wind into a higher velocity at the throat thereby maintaining suction. All comparisons of capacity must be referred -to a given dimension, namely the throat area, corresponding to the nominal size of the ventila tor. Resistance to flow of air is caused by; (1) restricted outlet openings, or (2) many turns or changes of the direction of the air flow. As regards the first item, this depends entirely upon the proportions, and not upon American Society of Heating and' Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 the type; some of the stationary ventilators have smaller, and others have larger outlet area than some cowl ventilators of the same nominal size. Regarding the second item, the swiveling cowl ventilators offer less resistance than the stationary type, in that the direction of air flow is changed as little as possible. . Unless swiveling ventilators move very freely, the opening, at times,- faces towards the wind so that ventilation produced by temperature difference is much reduced, or wholly counteracted. In that case, snow and rain may blow in. The fumbling or creaking noise caused by hard turning swivel ventilator is also very unpleasant. These troubles are, of course, eliminated in well designed ventilators, but must be kept in mind. . In Fig. 93, is shown a rotary or air-turbine ventilator, which rotates continously under the action of the wind, the motion being produced by the difference of wind pressure on the convex and concave sides of the vanes. The air-exhausting action is due to centrifugal force. This type of ventilator must be very carefully designed if it is to be leak-proof, and if the noises and impact forces, due to ice accumulating on the vanes in the winter are to be eliminated. CAPACITIES The variety of factors affecting capacity makes it essential for the user of ventilators to exercise great care in respect to this item of capacity. The draft in a ventilator head, due to the velocity of the wind, is primarily caused by the low pressure area or partial vacuum on the leeward side of the ventilator head. A draft in certain designs may also be caused by the siphoning action of the wind passing through the ven tilator head, but any air which is allowed to enter the head to create a siphoning action must get out and in so doing will diminish the effective area of the head for exhausting air, and it is also very likely to reduce the effectiveness of the low pressure area. Naturally the ventilator which makes, the best use of the available . forces for creating a draft and which at the same time provides-the freest path for the flow of exhaust through the ventilators should be the best .ventilator. It does not follow, however, that a ventilator of one class is better or poorer than one of any other class. It may be good or poor not because it belongs to a certain class, but depending upon whether the proper basic principles have been observed in its design. . The theoretical velocity of the gases due to temperature difference may be obtained from the following well-known formula: in which ' V = Velocity in feet per second g = Gravity 32.2 . , H = Effective height of ventilator . ', Tl = Temperature absolute-of air in ventilator T = .Temperature absolute of air outside . 260 American Society of Heating and. Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 This gives the theoretical velocity which will be reduced in the prac tical case by the resistance in the pipe and the ventilator head. It is impossible to state an exact ratio between the velocity obtainable and the theoretical-as every case will be different, but a reasonable assumption would be 50 percent providing there is free admission of fresh air into the room or space ventilated. ' Rotary Ventilators Fig. 93 Air-Turbine Ventilator Determining the Effective Height Many exaggerated claims have been made in the marketing of ventila tors and it was only recently that very careful tests were made by the U. S. Bureau of Standards (Trans. A. S. H. V. E., Vol. 27, 1921, p. 67. See also Trans., Vol. 28, 1922, p. 189 and Vol. 29, 1923, p. 39) and by other reliable investigators, with the result that ventilator capacities are, now quite accurately known. ' . Conservative figures for the best types of ventilators now on the market, ', 261 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 under conditions of unrestricted flow of air to the ventilator, are given by., the equation: 36 X ^.H X (fl - lo) where Q=A X 6+ V + 20. XT Q -- cubic feet of air exhausted per hour through a ventilator having a free area at the throat of A square inches, mounted on a roof at a height of H feet from the center of the ventilator outlet to the floor, and with a wind' velocity of V miles per hour, and average temperature /i inside t0 outside. The height H has been given as the height above the floor; strictly speaking, it is the height of the column of warm air in the building, which is approximately equal to the height above the location of the air inlet to the building. This location is usually near the floor. If, however, the inlet is much higher, as shown for instance in Fig. 94, the height H is indeterminate, but may, in general, be taken as halfway between the center of the air inlet and the floor. Highest class ventilators, for instance those of the ejector type, will, under favorable conditions, discharge continuously 25 per cent more air than these conservative figures indicate. Capacities are lower, on the other hand, if ventilators of lower efficiency are used, or if the flow of air ' into or through the building is restricted, or if the ventilator is not ex posed to the free sweep of the wind. Tests occasionally show consider ably higher discharge rates over short periods of time. These abnormally high results are produced by the action of the wind upon certain openings of the building; they are not due to the ventilator itself, and cannot be depended upon for continuous ventilation if the direction of the wind changes. In the smaller sizes of ventilators (12 in. or less in throat diameter) the air discharge per square inch of cross-sectional area is reduced, on account of the frictional resistance and, in the rotary types, on account of reduction of free area by the supports, bearings, etc. Example.--What is the capacity of an 18 in. ventilator, located 35 ft. above the floor, with 6 miles per hour wind velocity, 50 deg. fahr. outside temperature, 68 deg. fahr. inside temperature? ' Answer.--A = 0.7854 X (18)! = 255 sq. in. ' Q = 255. X 36. X -^1 35 X ^68 - 50 ) \ . 6+6 + 20 X 6 average capacity under these conditions. = 50,000 cu. ft. per hr., VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS The air supply per person and per hour, or the number of the renewals of air contents per hour is given in Chapter I, p. 21. (See also Chapter XIV, p. 194.) . To obtain effective, uniform ventilation and avoid local drafts, the ventilators should not be placed more than 30 ft. apart; 20 ft. apart is a jjood average. It is best,.although not absolutely.necessary, toJocate the 262 . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ventilator at the ridge of the roof, unless the building exceeds 40 ft. in width, in which case two rows of smaller ventilators should be used, Where the building to be ventilated is surrounded by higher buildings which obstruct air currents, it is desirable to extend the ventilators above the buildings by mounting them on stacks. Example.--A foundry building is 40 ft. wide, 200 ft. long, withan average height of 40 ft.; the ventilators are to be mounted at the ridge of the roof, at a height of 55 ft. above the floor.' What number and size of ventilators are required? Answer.--In this case, ventilation is especially necessary in summer. The air in the building should not be over 10 deg. fahr. warmer than the outside air. The wind velocity may be as low as 4 miles per hour. Spacing the ventilators, tentatively, 25 ft. apart, 8 ventilators would be required. Under average conditions, 10 air renewals per hour are sufficient; If the foundry is small and cramped, and pouring takes place over a large section of the floor space, 15 or more air renewals pier hour may be needed. On the basis of 10 renewals per hour, the capacity of each ventilator must be: Q = ------------------ 1--g--------1-------------- -- = 400,000 cu. ft. per hour The discharge per square inch of throat area under these conditions is; , ^j~36 X 55 X 10 deg. L 6 + 4 mi./hr. 4 mi./hr. j -1- 20 X 165. cu. ft. of air per hr. The required throat area per ventilator is 400,000 = 2420. sq. in. 165. if there is no resistance and no wind pressure. . The diameter is = 55.5 inches. Standard sizes are 54 in. and 60 in. ._ \ .7854 ; Either eight--54 in. or else seven--60 in. ventilators could be used, spaced respectively 25 ft. or 28 ft. apart. ' The foregoing is based on the use of high class ventilators. If ventila tors of lower efficiency are used, or if the air flow into the building is restricted (as in winter) larger ventilators may be required. ,' CONTROL OF VENTILATION , The ideal ventilator would be one which utilized to the very best advantage even the very lowest wind velocities; attained full capacity at a wind velocity of 4 or 5 miles per hour; and then automatically con trolled the air flow so that the discharge remained constant at all higher wind velocities. Such an ideal ventilator does not exist. The best types now on the market do, however, fulfill very well the first two requirements; for the last one, hand regulation is depended upon. For this purpose either a butterfly damper is provided in the throat of the ventilator, or, in some of the rotary types, louvres are sometimes arranged at the discharge opening of the ventilator. The damper or louvres may be operated by chains from the floor of the build ing, or the butterfly damper electrically controlled by push button. The louvres with their operating device have the disadvantage of restrict ' 263 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 irig the free.area of discharge, even when open wide. In some designs, this results in a serious reduction, of capacity. Ice can interfere with their operation. The dampers may be made to close automatically in case of fire, by use.of a weight and fusible link arrangement. The dampers should be so located that ice cannot freeze them tight so that adjustment is impossible. . . ' . . Regulation may.also be accomplished, just as effectively, by restricting the flow of air into the building (closing the windows or doors), although this is. quite inconvenient in. many cases. ' APPLICATION OF VENTILATORS The use of ventilators on factory.-and mill buildings is-too well known to require comment. For pickling rooms, etc.,.where noxious fumes are produced, they are practically indispensable. , . Ventilators for houses are becoming quite common, especially for the ventilation of bathrooms, which has been much neglected in the past., A frequent use for ventilators is on the top of chimneys, to prevent down drafts and to increase the updraft by means of wind action. For use on houses, several requirements must be kept in mind. Good appearance and noiseless operation are very important. The motion of the ventilator, if of the revolving type,, must not shake the building or cause knocks or thumps; and the construction must be such that in the winter the movable part does not freeze to the fixed portion of the venti lator and thus stop the rotation. On account of the increasing danger of carbon monoxide posioning, it is becoming regular practice to equip garages with ventilators to carry off the waste gases coming from motor exhausts. . . Another application of ventilators is found in connection with power ventilating systems on the outlet or discharge opening. A very important application for ventilators is on schools, where re circulation of air is used. The duty required, necessitates careful selection. Down draft must positively be. eliminated. \ Consulting Service Section DIRECTORY OF ENGINEERS Specializing in Heating . and Ventilating JVork ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY 264 ttsst "W^ ,. ' ' A. R. ACHESON s Consulting Engineer 601 Eckel Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y. ALPHONSE A. ADLE&, M.E., Sc.D. Consulting Engineer 9 Murray St., New York City HERBERT BRUNNER, M.E. Consulting Engineer : Specializing on Combustion, Draft and Heating Plants . 320 West 48th St., New York City Burning of small sizes of Anthracite a specialty . ALBERT A. CARY, M.E. Consulting Mechanical / Engineer 95 Liberty St., New York City THOS. CHESTER Consulting Engineer 718 Copeland St., . . Pittsburgh, Pa. . ' . . .' V ' . J. E. COLEMAN Consulting Engineer 50 Church St., New York City 20 Rector PL, Red Bank, N. J. ,,. COOK & WHITE Consulting Engineers Mutual Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. SAMUEL E. DIBBLE Consulting Engineer Carnegie Inst, of Tech.,' Pittsburgh, Pa. 266 FRANK A. DWYER Consulting Engineer 447 Guy Park Ave., Amsterdam, N. Y. . CHARLES FOSTER Consulting Engineer 512 Sellwood Bldg., Duluth, Minn. ISAAC HATHAWAY FRANCIS, ' . M.E. Consulting Engineer 1520 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. WALTER E. GILLHAM Architectural Engineer Specializing in The Design of Heating, Ventilating, Plumbing, Electric Wiring and Refrigera tion Systems Not a Sales Engineer Kansas City, Mo. HOLLIS FRENCH & ALLEN HUBBARD Consulting Engineers 210 South St., Boston, Mass. LEE. P. HYNES Electric Heating Engineer 406'N. Pearl St., Albany, N. Y. . .. r . II. HALL MARSHALL . Consulting Engineer 37 West 43rd St., New York City MENSING & CO: Consulting Engineers ' Presser Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. 267 r NEILER, RICH & CO. Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Consulting, Designing and Supervising Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, 111. JOHN E. PFEFFER Consulting Engineer . Member A. S. M. E. ' . Established 1903 Specializing in Heating and . Combustion Gas--Oil and Electrical Systems Designs and Patents 308 W. Washington St. Chicago, 111. ROBERT P. SCHOENIJAHN, M.E. Consulting Engineer Industrial Trust Bldg., Wilmington, Del. JOHN M. SEWELL, R.E. Consulting Engineer 1822Ludlow St., Philadelphia,- Pa. . .. - --1 MELVERN F. THOMAS, B.S. M.M.E. Consulting Engineer 229 College St., . Toronto, Ont., Canada - WALTER S. TIMMIS Consulting Engineer Mechanical Equipment. of Buildings, Vibration Tests . and Reports 315 Fifth Ave., New York City PERRY WEST, M.E. Consulting Engineer 13 Central Ave., Newark, N. J. RAY S. M. WILDE ,, Engineer Mechanical Equipment for Buildings . The Huron Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 268 . Catalog Data Section (Pages 270-524) with INDEX TO MODERN EQUIPMENT (Pages 509-521) and INDEX TO ADVERTISERS (Pages 522-524) Air Conditioning Monadnock Block Chicago Main Office 921 Lafayette Building Philadelphia Singer Building New York . Territorial Offices in the Principal Cities of the United States Also Throughout Canada and London, England Humidifying, Dehumidifying, Cleansing, Cooling, Humidity Control Modern Ventilation Modern Ventilation practice demands the removal of dust and foreign matter from incoming air whether it be for in suring comfort or providing healthful.con ditions for audience, student or employee and applies to efficiency and accuracy in many manufacturing processes. Of more importance, however, is the maintenance of the proper relative hu midity by the addition or removal of mois ture from the air according to season or local conditions. The design, manufacture and in some, cases the installation of air conditioning apparatus in many types of buildings is our sole undertaking and during fifteen years of research and practice we have furnished hundreds of equipments with remarkable results. . In Schools, Auditoriums, Theatres, Ball Rooms, Dining Rooms, Cafes; Court Rooms and all spaces where' people gather in large numbers our type of equip ment has become essential. Webster Spiral Spray Nozzle Used irt All Atmospheric Installations . Also used by meat packers throughout the United States. Canada and South America for spraying brine in meat coolers. . Humidifiers have been furnished for producing and maintaining the proper relative humidity. Dehumidifiers have been installed in Industrial Plants where excessive humid ity must be removed, for drying or process work. This being accomplished either by evaporation of the spray water or the use of artesian well water. In many cases it is found necessary to resort to refrigeration and in this type of equipment we have excelled. Webster Humidifier Showing circulating pump and spiral spray nozzles by the operation of which air is cleansed, baffles for elimination of free moisture, and automatic devices for the control of temperature and relative humidity Equipment for Maintaining Artificial' Atmospheric Conditions in Industrial Plants The addition of the proper percentage of humidity to make up deficiency. The removal of excessive humidity when high moisture content in the air prevents proper drying or carrying out of certain processes. Maintaining either high or low tempieratures where local conditions or specific ma terials demand such treatment. 270 Atmospheric Conditioning Corporation Air Conditioning The maintenance of uniform humidity, conditions within 2 per cent of that for which control is set. The maintenance of working space at the Comfort Zone to insure efficiency of employees. . ... The cleansing and .cooling pf air for the Ventilation of Turbo-Alternators, equipment commonly known as Generator Coolers. Webster Air Washers Type A Apparatus, designed primarily for air washing in connection with ventila ting systems in public buildings, where a moderate cooling effect by evaporation is desired. Type B Apparatus, designed for air washing in public buildings and industrial plants, where the greatest possible cooling effect by evaporation is desired. . Webster Dehumidifier During course of erection and before insu lation was applied. Description of the plant \ in which' this apparatus is giving very .effective results will be sent in pamphlet form on application. We gladly render service to those in terested, in the form of recommendations . and quotations, no charge being made ex cept for actual equipment furnished. We will not undertake a contract where we cannot accomplish just the results the The Webster Dehumidifier ' Used for cleansing and cooling the air ' . in a large Candy manufacturing plant. The spray water is cooled by refrigeration through the coil shown on the right Webster System of Humidity Control May be applied to the various types of Webster Air Washers, Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers. Perfect in principle and accurate in operation--the chief control ling thermostat subject to water, a me dium with four times the specific heat of air. Baudelot Coil Used for cooling spray water in the Webster . Deh'umidifier. . buyer wishes, but where we do accept an undertaking we will give our best thought and skill to its complete accomplishment. Service Each Air Conditioning problem is a separate study and it has been found im possible to set forth in catalogue or bulletin form such information as would apply to : any specific case except in a general way. . We have such catalogues and bulletins as would give the prospective purchaser a general idea as to what the apparatus would consist but we find that in the end a personal interview is desirable. Send for the following literature Webster System of Brine Spray Re frigeration. Summer Sausage Drying. Air Conditioning in Large Candy Factory. Air Washers and Air Conditioning (Bui. Nos. 50 and 120). Generator Coolers (Bui. Nos. 450 and 540). Webster Spiral Spray Nozzle (Bui. No. 60). 271 Air Conditioning Carrier Fnqineerinq Corporation Offices and Laboratories: 750 Freiinghuysen Ave. Newark, N. J. . Boston, 176 Federal St. New York, 39 Cortlandt St. Chicago, Burnham Bldg. Buffalo, Prudential Bldg. Los Angeles, Douglas Bldg. Philadelphia, Land Title Bldg. Carrier Engineering Co., Ltd. LONDON PARIS BOMBAY Carrier Lufttechnishe Gesellschaft STUTTGART, GERMANY Engineers, Manufacturers, Contractors, specializing in the design and instal lation of automatically controlled Air Conditioning Equipment, Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Humidification, Dehumidification, and the scientific application of Conditioned Air in Drying and Processing. Manufactured Weather to make "Every day a good day." Air Conditioning Systems especially of cold. The refrigerant is a harmless, designed for Textile Mills, Candy Fac inoffensive, stable liquid at normal tern- tories, Bakeries, Flour Mills, Drug and peratures and pressures. The compressor Chemical Plants, Packing Plants, Printing is a simple multistage fan or turbine, the Plants, Laboratories, Theatres, Public only contact of moving parts is at the end Buildings and numerous other industries bearings; no valves. The entire system where uniform distribution of clean air operates at pressures considerably below exactly controlled at any desired tempera atmospheric so that outward leakage ture and humidity is required. Ask for- ispmpossible. Complete equipment, com Bulletin 50G or request specific informa . pressor, evaporator and condenser occupy tion. . less than 25% of the space and have less Drying and Processing Equipment The Carrier Ejector System dryer induces a uniform rapid circulation of air through materials. Automatically controlled tem peratures, humidities and schedules. Adaptable to rooms or tunnels. Apparatus designed and installed to suit any drying or conditioning process. than 25% of the weight for the same tonnage capacity in other systems. These machines are used in our own dehumidifying and cooling installations and will be found adaptable to many other uses. They are particularly to be recommend for marine service where complete safety below decks is necessary and where the great saving in weight and space is an The Carrier Centrifugal Refrigerating important consideration recommended by System is an innovation in the production leading engineers. Write for details. A 75 ton Carrier Centrifugal Refrigera tion Compressor with the upper half of shell removed. Note the ex treme simplicity of design and the fact that the' only contact of moving parts are " the lubricated end bearings. 272 Air Conditioning The Cooling & Air Conditioning Corp. 31 Union Square, West, New York City Stock Exchange Building, Chicago, 111. Engineers and Contractors Automatically Controlled Air Conditioning Systems: Cooling--Humidifying-- Dehumidifying -- Heating -- Ventilating -- Drying -- Ross Paper Conditioning -- Fleisher Bakery Systems Complete Dehumidifying Equipment A combination of the air conditioning interests of W. L. Fleisher & Company and J. O. Ross Engineering Co. and B. F. Sturtevant Co. into one organization with the same active personnel enables us to design and install automatically controlled cooling and air conditioning equipments of any size, for any purpose. ^ Air Conditioning Systems are designed to overcome the handicaps imposed on industry by variations in weather, or adverse climatic conditions. They insure to the manufacturer that effect on materials and processes which can only be produced by ideal temperature and humidity values, making his plant entirely independent of the seasons or changeable daily weather. . Whether the cure for such difficulties involves the creation of high or low temperatures and high or low humidities in any combination, this organization oners a broad experience . in the careful design of dependable equipment united with the highest type of engineering and contracting service. In addition to the treatment of industrial departments requiring humidifying or dehumidifying, the cooling of theatres, moving picture houses, cafes, and other places of assembly are fields in which we have specialized with marked success. Haying had extensive experience in practically all fields where this type of equip ment is employed, our sales engineers will be glad to cooperate with those requesting their service. 273 Air Diffusers American Metal Products Corp. St. Louis, U. S. A. Offices in all Principal Cities American Metal Products Corp. Air Diffusers and Radiator Shields for Auditoriums of Theatres, Churches, Schools Kauffman Mushroom Diffusers are made for every condition requiring uniform distribution and exhausting of air for ventilation, for Theatres, School Auditoriums, Churches, Assembly Rooms, etc. KAUFFMAN MUSHROOM DIFFUSER ' Once regulated they require no further adjust ment, and are locked in position and cannot be tampered with. They are rigid in construction, being made of cast iron throughout; made in two pieces', the floor flange and the cap. The cap is held in position by means of set screws which cannot be tampered with,, nor jarred loose. The cap can be raised or lowered in any position to admit any volume of air desired. The raised collar on the floor piece prevents dirt or water entering the air duct. When wide open it will deliver full area of con necting pipe. We recommend a velocity not exceeding 300 ft. per rain. MADE IN 5 SIZES KAUFFMAN AISLE AIR DIFFUSER . Kauffman Aisle Air Diffusers are designed .to be placed under the aisle seats only, to throw fresh .air out into the aisles in one direction, but can be used for downward ventilation in the same manner. This diffuser has a damper which is locked in any position desired and requires no further adjustment after once set, and cannot be tampered with. . Its large opening makes it possible to use a relatively small number of diffusers to obtain the desired volume of air. They are rigid in construction, being made of cast iron throughout; made in 2 pieces, floor flange and cap, with damper held in position by meang.of set screw. . By using Kauffman Aisle Diffusers a big saving in construction of ducts and floor openings can be made because the air can be thrown into the aisles with no possibility of the air being felt. Size Area in Inches Weight Lbs. C. F. M. at 200 Price MADE IN 2 SIZES 4* Diam. 12.566 2.5 27 $0.70 Size Long .Wide High Weight Lbs. Area Sq. Ft. C.F.M. at 200 Price y 14.635 3. 42 0.85 6" " 28.274 4.5 60 1.10 8' ID* " 50.265 ' 78.54 8.00 11.00 105 165 1.50 2.00 Small 8* 4Vj" w m .25 75 $2; 75 Large . 8' b* 6* 12 .333 100 3.25 KAUFFMAN TUNNEL TYPE DIFFUSER Kauffman Tunnel Type Diffusers are the latest development in the art of air diffusers. 2-way delivery of the air under seats and permit keeping the duct work at a minimum cost. They give This diffuser is equipped with a damper that cannot be tampered with after it is once set. . Dirt from the shoes cannot be deposited on-these diffusers and they can be placed on either concrete or wood floors. They are being adopted by the leading theatre.architects.of the country. SIZE 8" .Wide x 0" Long * 3.U" High. 274. T Kauffman Radiator Shields are made in five different types, Metal, All-metal with heavy steel top, Marble, Glass or Decorative Marble Top.. Kauffman Radiator Shields are made of black sheets, electrically welded to steel brackets. No bolts or screws are used in connection with the construction of these shields. All shields are equipped with either a Stationary or Movable Dust Catcher. The brackets prevent the air from circulating off the side of the radiator and discoloring the walls. The fastening of the shields to the radiator is very simple and can be done in five minutes by any man with a screw driver. - Kauffman Radiator Shields are painted in either gold or aluminum bronze, or any flat colors, baked on with six coats of enamel, or any photographic wood imitations with six coats of varnish and are everlasting in finish. Kauffman Consola Radiator Enclosures are made in a number of period designs, and are made to harmonize with the decorative and furniture schemes in the individual rooms in which they are to be used. Kauffman Consola Radiator Enclosures are made with steel tops, marble tops lor glass tops, and those shown- herewith are only a few of the numerous designs that we manufacture. 275 Air Diffusers Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co. 202-204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK Knowles Air Diffusers /. for Auditoriums of . THEATRES, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS 4 Nptch Type Mushrooms Are adjustable by merely raising and lowering the cap in recessed notches, and locking.. They cannot be tampered with and are made with lugs for either wood or concrete floors. No set screws. Three outer bearings make them rigid. Size 4* diam. 5' 6r' " 8' t<r * C.F.M. at 300 Vet 27 42 60 81 105 165 ` Area, Sq. Ft. 0.087 0.136 0.196 0.267 0.349 0.545 Weight, Lbs. 2.75 3.50 4.25 5.75 8.00 11.75 1 Specification Data--For concrete floors furnish and place 6 in. cast iron mushroom air diffusers with recessed notches for permanent adjustment of mushroom caps at any desired opening: to have center screw locking feature, and L shaped lugs as manufac tured by Knowles Mushroom Ventilatpr Co. Provide for each opening No. 20 galvanized iron sleeve extending through concrete floor; to be set when floor slab is laid. (See booklet page 6.) Standard Aisle Hood Air Deflectors Are used to throw the fresh air out into the aisles in one direction. They provide the engineer with an inexpensive method of introducing a large volume of air wherever needed without causing annoying drafts. A curved damper reduces friction loss. Long Wide High Lbs. Small Size................. large Size................. V 8# W 6# w 6* B1 May also be made in any size to suit conditions. C. F. M. at 300 Vd. 75 100 Area Sq. Ft. 0.25 0.333 Riser Ccncrete.Plan <r Gallery Riser Ventilator For the intake or exhaust of warm or cool air in the balconies of auditoriums adjustable to any opening and locked. e s c E4 3)SIZE A o 7k 4& ARC*, cn TUT SoFr VM, WT. z A ai && !0`4 ,7*s (05 4 to !Z Hi teX /6t to% 17' //\ T MS .785 (65 235 ei m Camelback Air Diffusers Give a two-way air delivery, at ends as shown and are particularly desirablean keeping duct work at a minimum. They are furnished with or without dampers. Nos. 1 and 3 have no dampers while Nos. 2 and 4 have two regu lating dampers. Nos. 1 and 3--Size 14" long, 7" wide, 6" high at ends. Nos. 2 and 4--Size 14" long, 7" wide, 5" high at ends. (See Booklet for Capacities) All are of substantial construction being made of heavy cast iron. Other Knowles Products are Single Damper, Double Damper and Lever Lock'Mushroom Ventilator. Send for NEwJ booklet containing complete engineering data. 276 Air Filters - --------- 83 Crate Street. W. Montreal, Canada iww tns I v. j i i GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL BLDG. new vork.n v. U- S.a. Branches In Principal Cities Monadnock Bldg. San Francisco, Calif. PRINCIPLE--Midwest Air Filters operate od the baffleimpingement principle. Each filter cell (See Fig. 1) contains a eerie of specially perforated and shaped filter sheets of steel, so designed that dusty air in passing through the cell is forced to change its direction many times. These sheets are Midwest Filter Unit {cell end frame) New Model Type U-S riLTc alters coated with a viscous sticky fluid, ``Vtscosine." Dust particles ore im pinged against the sticky surfaces of the filter sheets at each change of dire^ tion of the air stream, where they are caught and held. cross dcctiOn -- ceu. Fig. 1 At the back of each cell a secondary filtering effect is provided, con sisting of a series of knitted mats of flat copper wire, also coated with Vtscosine. Fine particles of dust which may pass by the filter sheets, are impinged and caught here. Openings in the filter sheets, and the spaces between them are so large as to prevent clogging, ana provide for ample dust capacity. Cleaning is easily accomplished, since there is no obstruction to the free flow of washing water through the cell. SPECIAL FEATURES--Each fitter unit consists of a frame and a cell, all of which are completely inter changeable. . Each frame ia provided with a continuous flange in the rear, against which the filter cells are forced by thumb screws set in removable plate clips which fit into slits at the four corners of the frame. Tnua air-tight joints are provided between all cells and frames. (See Fig. 2). CORNER CLIP OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE--There bring no moving parts, practically no operating supervision is required. Maintenance consists in periodical cleaning and recharging of cells in Vtscosine. Cleaning is systematically carried out by removing the cell next to the one last cleaned, and replacing at once by a clean, charged reserve cell. The dirty cel) b washed in hot water and soda in a special tank provided with the installation. It is then drained and allowed to dry. When dry it b dipped in Vtscosine and set aside to drain, when it serves as the next reserve cell. - . The entire filter bring constanUy covered with Vtscosine, 'does not corrode or rust. An installation b practically everlasting. DATA AND SPECIFICATIONS Size of unit (overall)--20 x 20 x 6M in. Size of Cell--191^ x 19M * 4 in. Net Weight of Cell--28 lb. Weight of Unit--40 lb. Capacity per Cell--At M in. operating resistance. 800 cu. ft. per min. . Efficiency--Maximum dust content in cleaned air. 1 under normal operating conditions will not exceed 0.05 grain of dust per 1000 cu. ft. Resistance--Maintained at in. water gauge by routine cleaning. Cleaning--Depends on dust conditions. In average installation, each cell is cleaned once every six to eight weeks. Time required--3 to 5 minutes per cell. Viscosine Consumption--One gallon per unit per year. APPLICATIONS General Ventilation--Art Galleries, Museums, libraries. Banks. Office Buildings. Churches. Auditoriums, Theatres, Telephone Exchanges, Hotels, Hoepitab, Depart ment Stores, Restaurants, Clubs, Schools and other buildings. Industrial Plants--Protection of equipment against dust damage--such as turbo and hydro-electric generators, mill motors, air compressors, internal combustion engines, etc.--Improving working conditions; Saving heat by recirculation of cleaned air; Improving quality of pro ducts; Recovery of valuable dusts and many other special purposes. Other Types and Humidifiers--Special'types of Midwest Air Filers are provided for various pur poses. These include Midwest Window Ventilators, self- contained units with fan, motor and filter for individual offices and smaller rooms. Midwest Range Filters, another special type, are used in hotels, restaurants, chibs, etc., to collect grease from kitchen ranges before it enters the flues. Wherever required, we can furnish a unique and simple, automatically controlled humidifier free from the weaknesses of existing types. ' SECTION ON A-B Fig. 2 ' SCCTION c-D Fig. 3 Each frame is further provided with projecting turned-over lipB, at one side and at the bottom. These Dps grip and interlock with the adjoining side and top of adjacent frames. The frames themselves are bolted together at the rear.. In this way, a double air seal is formed on all frames, and an absolutely air-tight installation assured. (See Fig. 3). INSTALLATION--An installation consists of the proper number of units assembled in an angle iron frame. Any limitations of space are easily and economically met. 277 Typical Midwest Installation Air Fillers and Cleaners Reed Air Filter Co. Incorporated Factory and General Offices 202 Central Avenue : LOUISVILLE, KY. NEW YORK OFFICE 50 CHURCH STREET ReedAir ~ filters^ BRANCH OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES The Reed System of Air Filtration provides a simple, economical and efficient method of supplying clean air for ventila tion and industrial processes. The Reed Air Filter--all metal-- operates on the same fundamental principle as the human nostril. Air in passing through the filter impinges upon the filter media coated with "Adhesine," a viscous liquid having a strong affinity for dust, dirt and soot. As the successive layers.of dirt are deposited and bound on the filter medium, additional "Adhesine" is supplied by capillary action, being withdrawn from the minute drops or reservoirs of the liquid held at the intersections of the media and in this way binding and keeping the entire system moist for considerable periods. The filter media are progressively packed--the density being least in the front section for the removal of the bulkier dirt and greatest in the rear . section to effect the final cleaning. This patented feature keeps resistance at a minimum and prolongs the periods between cleanings. Remotnng Cell for Cleaning CLEANING AND CHARGING When dirty, the cells are dipped in the cleaning tank, recharged with "Adhesine" and again put back into service. A Reed Air Filter Unit FLEXIBILITY The Reed Filter unit, consisting of a filter cell and its frame, forms a complete filtering unit in itself, but is so designed to be quickly and easily attached to other units, allowing expansion to meet almost any requirements as to capacity and avail able space. Our Engineering and Research Depart ment will gladly furnish data and sketches without cost or obligation to you. Specifications . Size... ......................... 20"x20"x4" Capacity (Normal Rat.).......................... 800 C. F. M. Resistance--................ -............................ 0.1875" W. G. Efficiency........................................................................... 97% Velocity (recommended).......................... 365 C. F. M. Weight.................................... .................................. 25 lb. Reed Bulletins 106--Description of Reed System. 107--Tests, Data. Specifications. 10S--General Ventilation. 109--Ventilating Electrical Machinery. 110--Air Compressors. 111--Drying Operation and Bacteria . Control. f i [ .si 1i Air Filters Spray Engineering Company 60 High Street BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SPRACO AIR FILTERS Spraco Air Filters are adaptable to any system of ventilation where clean air is desired. The filters are made in standard size units which can be installed in various arrangements to fit the space available. Some of the main advantages of Spraco Air Filters are:--. 1. Highest cleaning efficiency, due to use of filter media comprised of fo- raminous metal sheets producing the largest ampunt of dust collecting, surface in a given space. * 2. Minimum resistance to air flow'con sistent with large cleansing capacity. 3. Progressive Filtration--filter media arranged from coarse to fine in direction of air flow. 4. AH metal construction--will stand up indefinitely. 5. Foolproof--no auxiliary apparatus or moving parts, such as motors, pumps, etc. 6. Minimum operation and maintenance cost. Requires the services of un skilled labor only. 7. No shut downs--can be cleaned while in operation. 8. Can be adapted to. almost any avail able space. 9. Simple and inexpensive to install. 10. Charging and cleaning tanks each accommodate four filter cells on drain cover at one time--no loose trays. Inserting Clean Cell Engineering Service The Spray Engineering Company main tains a corps of engineers experienced in all phases of air conditioning, including the filtering, washing, cooling, humidifying, and dehumidifying of air for all classes of work. These engineers are available for consultation regarding the best solution of such problems. Specifications Size of Unit.................. ................ ,...... .................................. Normal Capacity per Unit................................................ Resistance (Clean)................................................................ Resistance (M lb. dirt per cell)........................................ Cleaning Efficiency.-................... `........................................ Weight of Cell--30 lb. Weight of Frame--15 lb. 279 .20" x 20" x 4" -800 C. F. M. ..... 17" w. g. ...........25" w. g. -.............-98% .................. 45 lb. Air Moisteners Savo Manufacturing Company 111 West Monroe Street CHICAGO SAVO AIR MOISTENERS are coal savers. They convert the dry, vitiated indoor air into a moist, wholesome, healthful atmosphere that nature requires and good health demands. Operate automatically. Fill with water and hang on the back of radiator, ^rnt of sight. Produce from 40 to 50 humidity. ' For Steam and Hot Water Radiators. These two for radiators 36 in. or 38 in. high.' Style No. 1 (pictured here). Style No. 2--14 in. high, 8 in. wide, 3 cor rugations. These two for low radiators. Style No. 3--9 in. high, 12 in. wide, 5 corruga tions. Height. 14 in. floor register Style No. 5 Height, 6 inches Width, 8 inches Style No. 1 Width, 12)4 in. For 6 to 20 coil radiators. Style No. 4--9 in. high, 5 in. wide, 2 corrugations. Styles No. 1 and No. 3 Style No. 6 for have 2J^ in. and 3 in. center corrugations.. furnace heat. The hot air passing up through the center Style No, 6 for side wall ' cone and around registers. The the whole outside of the moistener, heats the water in the moistener, producing a rapid evaporation. two small hooks or wires are put through the top holes in the side wall register plate and the corrugated side of the moistener hangs down in front of the register. Style No. 8 For Side Wall Registers Height. 9 inches Width, 12)4 inches t Style No. 7 is for pipeless furnaces. Hangs underneath and attached to floor registers by two small hooks where the diameter of the opening below is from 18 in. to 36 in. Filled by using a small funnel. All styles of SAVO AIR MOISTENERS are made of No. 1 Grade Galvanized Iron, beauti fully finished in aluminum or gold bronze. ' Style For Pipeless Furnaces 280 Write for catalog Boiler Liquid REPAIRS LEAKS IN STEAM AND HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS. HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE BOILERS Made by `XM LABORATORIES, 25 West 45th St., New York Factories: Boston and Toronto LIQUID is a pure colloidal solution which repairs leaks quickly arid permanently in High and Low Pressure Boilers and Hot Water Heating Systems below the water line. Just pour it in. "X'' Liquid circulates freely with the water in the system. Trickling out through leaks, "X" becomes a solid by contact with the air. This solid is turned into a metallic-like seal by heat in the water. "X" contracts and expands with the metal. "X" seals numerous hair cracks, porous castings, leaky bolt heads and all leaks inside the system which otherwise would be impossible to get at. "X" is in practically world-wide use. "X" was used by the Government to repair the cracked steel water jacket of the Navy .Seaplane N. C. 4 when that ship was forced down in Portugal on its Trans-Atlantic flight. "X" Liquid was carried by the Army Aeroplane T-2 on its Ocean-to-Ocean non-stop flight. On the Round the World Flight, "X" was procured for each aeroplane by order of the Flight Engineer. "X" Increases Thermal Efficiency "X" Liquid increases boiler efficiency because it prevents rust and the deposits of lime and silica which quickly coat the inside of pipes and boilers, reducing heat conductivity. . Boilers can be kept per manently free from corrosion by occasional addition of "X" Liquid to the water. An "X" repair is a permanent repair, and will stand over 600 lb. pressure. "X" Boiler Liquid Sold by all Jobbers Sizes and Prices Quart Cans..................................... $6, 00 Each Half Gallon Cans................ -....... $10 ,00 Each 281 DuliER LlOUlU permanently REPAIRS LEAKS li, HEATING BOiLERS AND REMOVES SCALE Boilers, Steam and Hot Water ABENDROTH BROTHERS EsUb. 1M0 Kort Chester, N. Y. HEATERS for Steam -Water -Vapor "The genius of modern heating engineers and the skill of master craftsmen.** Rated conservatively according to accepted standards, and built on the soundest principles of heater construction. Long Fire Travel. Perfect Circulation. Low Water Line. Fuel Economy. Fine Castings. TANK HEATERS For Every Requirement 40 to 1,800 Gal. Capacities. .Tested to 250 lb. pressure. No. 012 MO 201 212 M2 12 120 601 1611 2011 2211 2511 281} Tank Capacity in Gallon* 40-50 150 100 125 (25 200 250 350 600 800 1000 1400 1800 j - Diameter Number Ratio g Fire Pot at Grate 16 YS 3 19 YS 3 20 Y S 3 22 Y S 3 25 YS 3 28YS 3 275 350 450 550 700 900 16 19 20 22 25 28 16 Y W 3 19 Y W 3 20 Y W3 22Y W3 25 Y W 3 28 Y W 3 450 575 740 900 1150 1485 16 19 20 22 25 28 16YS 4 300 19YS 4 375 20 Y S 4 475 22 Y S 4 575 25YS 4 750 . 28 Y S 4 965 16 19 20 22 25 23 16 YW4 I9YW4 20 YW4 22 Y W4 25 Y W 4 28 Y W 4 500 620 780 950 1240 1590 16 19 20 22 25 28 16 YS 5 19YS 5 20 Y S 5 22 Y S 5 25YS 5 28 YS 5 325 400 500 600 800 1025 . 16 19 20 22 25 28 16 Y W 5 I9Y W5 20 Y W 5 22 YW 5 25 Y W 5 28 Y W 5 540 660 825 990 1320 1690 16 19 20 22 25 28 * ' WfU Line 383/4 39% 8* 8* v. 44>/t 48 50 53'/, 54V, 47!/; 49% 53V, 593/4 60 and Return Numbei Rating Crate Tapping Dimeiw Each Flow lions and Return 2-2 2-2% if 2-3 2-4 2-2 if2-2% 2-3 Series 200 and 30C . Steam 204 205 206 207 208 305 306 307 308 309 310 700 900 1,100 1,300 1.500 1.450 1,800 2,150 2.500 2,850 3,200 20x23 20x30 20x37 20x44 20x51 30x30 30x37 30x44 30x51 30x58 30x65 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 2-4 w 2-3 2-4 2-2 2-2% if Series 200 and 300 Water 204 205 206 207 208 305 306 307 . 308 309 310 1.(50 1.475 1,800 2,150 2.475 2,400 3,000 3,550 4,125 4,700 5,280 20x23 20x30 20x37 20x44 20x51 30x30 30X37 30x44 30x51 30x58 30x65 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 2-3 2-4 2-2 2-2% if 2-3 2-4 W 2-3 2-4 Series 400 Steam Series 400 Water 1 405 406 407 408 409 410 411. 412 . 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 2,900 3,625 4,350 5,075 5,800 6.525 7,250 7.975 4,800 6,000 7,200 8,400 9.600 10.600 12,000 13.200 40x34 40x42% 40x51 40x59% 40x68 40x76% 40x85 40x93>/2 2-5 2-5 2-5 3-5 3-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 40x34 40x42i/2 40x51 40x59'/* 40x68 40x76% 40x85 40i93/2 2-5 2-5 2-5 3-5 3-5 ; 4-5 4-5 4-5 2S2 Boilers and Heating Equipment American Radiator roMPANY General Executive Office 40 West 40th St. NEW YORK, N. Y. Western Executive Office 816 South Michigan Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. General Sales Department 1807 Elmwood Ave. BUFFALO, N. Y. Ideal Boilers, American Radiators, Heating and Vacuum Cleaning Equipment The series of boilers and other heating equipment represented by the illustrations on these pages is the best and most complete ever offered by any company. It covers a large type, heating, and price range, and includes the latest and most scientific develop ments and refinements in heating apparatus. A complete line of beautifully illustrated catalogs with valuable data for Engineers covers the equipment shown here. It will be appreciated if Heating Engineers whose files are incomplete in this respect will kindly have their names forwarded to our nearest Sales Branch so that they may receive the latest technical catalogs as published. THE IDEAL TYPE "A" HEAT MACHINE For Hard Coal, Coke, Oil or Gas Steam Capacity: `450 to 6000 sq. ft. Water Capacity: 750 to 9600 sq. ft. The Ideal Type "A" Heat Machine is a powerful, dependable heat generator that uses, on the average, one-third less fuel than the usual boiler. Its cleanliness and fuel economy are made possible by its exclusive features. Among these are: Dial control of automatic heat regulator, Lock-Safe Fire Door, Water-Surrounded Ashpit (A), Tapered, Revertible Flue, and asbestos-lined Ideal Metal Jacket. Complete data and information are contained in the new Type "A" Heat Machine Catalogue. The Ideal Water Tube Boiler THE IDEAL WATER TUBE BOILER Burns all kinds of fuel . Steam Capacity: 600 to 17,750 sq. ft. Water Capacity: 975 to 28,500 sq. ft. The Ideal Water Tube Boiler is justly one of the most popular boilers made by this company. Its carefully balanced design, long double flue travel, and the iron-to-iron gas-tight junctions of its machine-ground section surfaces effect rapid add efficient heat transmission. The boiler is fully described in the Ideal Water Tube Boiler Catalogue. A book, "Ideal Boilers for Oil Burning," contains valuable material on the use of oil with the Ideal Water Tube Boiler and Type "A" Heat Machine. 283 American Radiator Company Boilers and Healing Equipment THE IDEAL SMOKELESS BOILER Burns Soft Coal Smokelessly Steam Capacity: 2,000 to 17,750 sq. ft. Water Capacity: 3,250 to 28,500 sq. ft. . The Ideal Smokeless Boiler has established a new standard in smokeless combustion By means of the Ideal Smoke Oxidizer (A), which is a permanent, indestructible part of the boiler, air is distributed in fine streams at a high velocity over the glowing coals across the rear of the fire bed (C) and mixed with the soot making volatile matter. The mixture, ignited, bursts into flame in the rear gas chamber (D). The soot making carbon particles are completely burned, the valuable, heat bearing gases being made available for practical heating service. The completeness of combustion attained not only eliminates smoke but insures permanent economy. The Ideal Smokeless Boiler catalogue describes in detail the unique construction of the boiler. THE ARCO ROUND BOILER Burns all kinds of Fuel Steam Capacity: 350 to 1700 sq. ft. Water Capacity: 600 to 2825 sq. ft. The Arco Round Boiler is the most popular Boiler of its kind. Its exclusive Third Nipple construction produces continuous, rapid water circulation. Its flue areas are care fully proportioned and designed. The broad, high steam dome of the Steam Boiler provides a large disengaging surface and steam storage space. Dry steam at the outlet is the result. Doors, plate work, and hinge pins are of a heavy, substantial ' character. Detailed information is to be found in the Ideal Arco Round Boiler catalogue. The Heal Areola Parlor Healer THE IDEAL ARCOLA PARLOR HEATER Burns all kinds of Fuel Water Ratings: 375 to 750 sq. ft. , The Ideal Areola Parlor Heater brings to the small home, store, or office, with or without cellar, the convenience, healthfulness, and economy of hot water heating. Com bustion is perfectly controlled by a new automatic heat control device. Its features include a water-surrounded ash pit, Lock-Safe Door with glow panels, large combustion chamber, and well designed fire travel. It is handsome in appearance and clean in operation. 284 American Radiator Company Boilers and Heating Equipment The Ideal Areola Healer THE IDEAL ARCOLA HEATER Water Capacity: 200 to 600 sq. ft. The Ideal Areola Heater is similar in principle to the Ideal. Areola Parlor Heater, but differs chiefly in not having the enameled cover and automatic damper regula tor. Although this ingenious little combination boiler- radiator is not regularly supplied with an automatic heat regulating device, such a device may easily be added at any time. x ' A catalogue describing both the Ideal Areola Heater and Ideal Areola Parlor Heater will be sent on request. The Ideal Vecto Healer THE IDEAL VECTO HEATER (For homes up to 8,000 cu. ft. content) The Ideal Vecto Heater is the most highly perfected warm air heater yet developed, for small homes and other buildings. It draws in, heats, and circulates large vol umes of air at moderate temperatures, spreading an even warmth throughout the home; and because of its effective design and construction it requires no more fuel than the old-fashioned one-room heater. Its efficiency is due chiefly to its very extensive ribbed heating surface. CORTO--THE RADIATOR CLASSIC The beautiful, compact Corto Radiator now costs but a small amount more than regular radiation, and is being more and more widely specified. It occupies 30 per cent less space than regular radiation. Here is the ideal radia tor for the ideal home. Corlo--The Radiator Classic Venlo Healers VENTO HEATERS Vento Cast-Iron Hot Blast Heaters are now the standard here and abroad for heating mechanically circulated air. They are made in 40, 50, and 60 inch sizes in the Narrow Pattern; and in 30, 40, 50, 60, and 72 inch sizes in the Regular Pattern. . Two books, "Ventilation by Vento Heaters" and "Engineers' Data on Vento Heaters" give all needed information. 285 y' American Radiator Company Air Valoes and Regulators American Radiator Company PACKLESS VALVES Air Valoes and Regulators PACKED VALVES No. 800 Arco Water Regulator For damper control on hot water heating boilers. Adjustable for temperature between 100 and 220. All metal. Length of Bulb 2% inches. Connection, 2 inches. No. 815 .. Ideal Quick Vent . All metal. Very sensitive. For venting mains, long runs of pipe, indirect stacks, drop risers, etc. No. 801 . Arco Junior Water Regulator For damper control' on Hot Water Supply Boilers. Temperature range 130-180. Length of Bulb, 2 inches. Connection, 1^ inches. Patent Pending No. 825 .. No. 817 . Vento Vent For use on Vento Heaters and Blast Coils. Arco Tank Regulator ' For temperature control of liquids heated by steam. (Also made in flexible tube type No. 826). Range 140 to 180 F. For use on steam pres sures up to 15 lbs. - ' ?; . Send for complete catalog of Ideal Heating Specialties 286 No. 988 Arco Packless Valves--Quick Opening Leakless feature consists of special moulded ring with metallic core held under compression by a spring. Requires no repacking. Opens or closes with one turn. Does not stick or bind. Furnished with either round or lever composition -handle. ' No. 988 Angle. No. 955 R. H. Corner. No. 960 L. H. Corner. No. 970 Globe. No. 968 Fractional Type with indicator and graduated dial. No. 72 ' Detroit'Steam Valves Metal well distributed--strong and heavy where strength is needed. Regularly equipped with composition handle, black hard rubber finish. No. 72 Angle. No. 32 R. H. Corner. No. 37 L. H. Corner. No. 57 Globe. No. 373 Gate. No. 878 Ideal Super-Packless Valves--Bellows Type ' '- Quick Opening .- Made similar to No. 850 (below) but quick opening." Opens or closes with % turn of the handle. Equipped with either round or lever composition handle- ' No. 878 Angle. No. 879 R: H. Comer.. No. 880 L. H. Corner. No. 870 Globe. No. 868 Fractional Type with indicator and graduated dial. No. 101 Detroit Hot Water Valve The No. 101 Hot Water Valve will not stick or turn hard. The narrow edge of the plate presents a small area of contact so that corrosion is easily broken away. Concave plate gives true elbow shape when valve is open, reducing friction of water flow. Made in Angle pattern only. Detroit Equalizing Hot Water Valves Made similar to No. 101 (above) but equipped with a .movable stop collar which pro vides means for graduating the flow. With these valves hot water jobs can be per fectly balanced after installation. No. 105 No. 105 with composition lever handle. No. 104 with composition round handle. Angle pattern only. No. 850 Ideal Packless Valves--Bellows Type Metallic bellows surrounds the stem and work ing parts, which prevents passage of steam, water or air. around the stem opening. Equipped with round composition handle. No. 850 Angle. No. 851 R. H. Corner. No. 852 L. H. Corner. No. 860 Globe. Detroit Union Elbows Made with the same care and inspection as Detroit Valves. Strong and heavy where strength is needed. No. 132; 287 No. 132 Berri?hard Boiler Mfg. Co. 3161 East 61st Street Cleveland - Ohio Boilers BERNHARD BoiLEtRS The Con The _ from each Grat Bar being entirely taken care of in the Section directly above it, the same Ratio of GRATE Surface, FIRE Surface and FLUE Area is always maintained. Note how Gases Expand at three different points. Smokeless Boiler with the Lowest Water Line Boiler No. Steam Rating Water Rating 20- 5 20- 6 20- 7 20- 8 20- 9 30- 6 30- 7 30- 8 30- 9 30-10 30-11 30^12 40- 8 40- 9 40-10 40-11 40-12 40-13 40-14 40-15 40-16 40-17 40-18 40-19 40-20 40-21 40-22 . 40-32 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 2000 2400 2800' 3200 3600 4000 4200 4900 5600 6300 7000 7700 8400 9100 9800 10500 11200 11900 12600 13300 14000 700 21000 1000 1300 1650 2000 2350 2600 3250 3900 4550 5200 5850 . 6500 6720 7840 8960 10080 11200 12320 13440 14560 15660 16800 17920 19040 20160 21280 22400 1120 33600 Add per Section. Crate Surface Sq. Ft. 2.50 3.33 4.17 5.00 5.84 5.00 6.25 7.50 8.75 10.00 11.25 12.50 10.00 11.66 13.33 15.00 16.66 16.33 20.00 21.66 23.33 25.00 26.66 28.33 30.00 31.66 33.33 1.67 50.00 Flue Area Through Sections ' Sq. In. Lbs. Steam per Hour B.t.u. per Hour 42 150 145.500 56 200 194,000 70 250 242,500 84 300 291,000 98 350 339,500 80 400 388,000 100 500 . 485,000 120 600 582,000 140 700 679,000 160 800 776,000 180 , 900 873.000 200 1000 . 970,000 160 1050 1.018,500 165 1225 1,188,250 210 1400 1,358,000 235 1575 1,527,750 260 (750 1,697,500 285 1925 1.867,250 310 2100 2,037,000 335 2275 2,206,750 360 2450 2,376,500 385 2625 2,546,250 410 2800 2,716,000 435 2975 2,885,750 460 3150 3,055,500 485 3325 3,225.250 510 3500 3,395,000 25 175 169,750 760 5250 5,092,500 Height Water Line Flow Openings 42' 42' 42' 42' 42* 42' 42' 42' 42" 42' 42' 42' 46'- 46' 46' 46' 46' 46' 46* 46' 46' 46' 46' 46' 46' 46' 46' 2-3' 2-3' 2t3' 2-3' 3-3' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 3-4' 3-4' 3-4' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 3-5' 4-5'4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' . 4-5' - 46' 6-5'* 288 i Boilers The Bigelow Company Main Office and Works NEW HAVEN : CONNECTICUT New Yoke, N. Y. 85 Liberty Street Boston, Mass. 141 Milk Street Manufacturers of Bigelow Hornsby Water Tube Boilers, Bigelow H. R. T., Bigelow Two-Pass, Bigelow Manning and Bigelow . Upright Fire Tube Boilers. - Bigelow H. R. T. Boiler Investigation of the Bigelow H. R. T. boiler will convince you of its true value. Economical service has been the big feature of Bigelow products during a period of boiler building extending over 50 years; With a shop containing the most modern approved equipment for boiler construction a product is assured representing the highest quality in work manship. The Bigelow Two-Pass Boiler is the latest development of this company. After careful investigation of the existing types of steel heating boilers an effort was made to eliminate the objectionable features of many; the result being the Two-Pass Boiler. This boiler will meet heating and power requirements especially where space limitations prevail. Elimina tion of staybolts and special brick shapes in furnace reduces maintenance to a minimum. Large furnace volume; long gas travel, uniform velocity of gas over heating surface and low exit temperature assures maximum efficiency. in !_ For Central Power Stations and large industrial plants the Bigelow Hornsby water tube boiler is unexcelled. High continuous economy, large overload ca pacity, large furnace volume and straight tubes are a few of the features contained in this type of boiler. The Hornsby is built in units of 375 H. P. to 3,000 H. P. Bigelow Two-Pass Boiler 289 Boilers The Brownell Company Dayton, Ohio Sales Representatives-in All Sections of the Country Steel Heating and Power Boilers, Feed Water Heaters, Tanks,Breechings, Stacks, Boiler Castings, Steel Plate Construction and Steam Engines. Since 1855, when The Brownell Co. was established, this company has been manu facturing a complete line of High Grade Boilers and other equipment. The Brownell Smokeless Firebox Boiler is designed and constructed to burn any kind of fuel economically and with- out smoke. Brownell Fire box Boilers are mechanically correct and insure long life. Brownell Heating Boilers have generous and properly designed fireboxes, permitting complete combustion and high efficiency. Brownell ratings are very con servative, only the parts of boiler below the normal water level and coming in actual contact with the hot gases being considered as effective heating sui face. Brownell Boilers will carry the number of square feet of direct radiating surface or equivalent given in opposite tables if sufficient radiation is installed to heat the building to the required temperature. Brownell Firebox Heating Boilers are regularly built according to the A. S. M. E. Code for 15 lb. working pressure but will be furnished for pressures up to 100 lb. at an increased cost. Brownell Return Flue Portable--Smokeless Type--Bulletin B-6A Brownell Brick-set Firebox Boiler--Direct Draft Type Bulletin B-6 Brownell Return Flue Portable--Direct Draft Type--Bulletin B-6A 290 Brownell Brick-set Firebox Boiler--Smokeless Type Bulletin B-6 The Brownell Co. Boilers BROWNELL DIRECT DRAFT PORTABLE BOILERS Boiler No............ . .......... Capacity--Steam. Sq. >----- 407 408 409 2300 2900 3500 CpMity--Sq. Ft........ 4100 4800 5800 Approximate Weight................... 6900 7400 8300 Diam. of Boiler, In...... 48 48 48 Length Boiler Overall. Ft.. In.. 8-6 9-6 10-6 Heating Surface. Sq. Ft........... 293 333 373 Size of Steam. In...................... 6 6 6 Size of Return. In.................... 4 Height of Water Line. `n. .. . - 69 4 69 4 69 410 4000 6600 9000 54 10-0 427 6 4 76 411 41? 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 4500 5000 5500 6000 7000 8U0U 9500 11000 13000 15000 17500 20000 25000 28000 7400 R300 9100 .9900 11600 13700 16/00 18200 21500 2481X1 28500 32000 40000 45000 9800 10600 13200 14100 15900 17300 19600 21000 23000 24800 27100 29000 35000 38000 54 54 60 60 60 '60 66 66 72 72 78 78 84 84 11-0 17-0 12-6 13-6 14-0 15-6 15-6 I/-8 15-10 i y--4 17-10 19-10 20-0 22-0 487 537 614 670 698 761 936 1061 1224 1356 1539 1796 2227 2478 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 '4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 76 76 78 78 78 78 87 87 92 92 92 92 98 98 Height. Floor to Top of Shell. 84 84 84 91 91 91 95 95 95 95 108 108 109 109 110 110 116 116 Space Required to Open Rear Doors. In.. ...................... Diam. Breeching. In........ . 25 25 25 22 22 22 Diam. Stack. In----- . 20 20 20 Min. Height Stack. Ft. ... 50 50 55 Diam. Breeching. 2 Boilers, In. 30 30 30 Diam. Stack. 2 Boilers; In... . 28 28 28 28 24 22 55 34 31 28 24 22 55 34 31 28 24 22 60 34 31 30 26 24 60 38 34 30 26 24 60 38 34 30 25 26 65 40 36 30 28 26 65 40 36 35 30 28 65 44 40 35 32 30 /0 46 42 37 34 32 /O 50 46 37 34 32 /O 50 46 40 36 34 80 52 48 40 36 34 90 52 48 43 43 40 40 38 38 90 100 56 56 54 54 Minimum Height Stack, 2 Boilers, Ft....................... 60 60 65 65 65 70 70 70 75 75 75 80 80 80 90 100 IQQ too BROWNELL SMOKELESS PORTABLE BOILERS Boiler No.................... - -......... Capacity--Steam. Sq. Ft........ Capacity--Water. Sq. Ft.----- Approximate Weight............... Diam. of Boiler. In............ - - Length Boiler Overall. Ft.. In. Heating Surface. Sq. Ft........... Size of Steam, In...................... Size of Return, In.................... Height of Water Line. In........ 307 308 309 3000 3500 4000 5000 5800 6600 7800 8600 9300 48 48 48 8-7 9-10 10-10 307 381 405 666 444 69 69 69 310 4500 7400 10400 54 10-7 472 6 4 76 311 5000 8300 11100 54 11-7 526 6 4' 76 312 5500 9100 11900 54 12-7 579 6 4 76 313 6000 9900 14300 60 12-7 631 7 5 78 314 6500 1070(1 15300 60 13-7 687 7 5 78 31.S 7500 12400 16900 60 15-1 766 7 5 78 316 850(1 14000 17800 60 16-1 877 7 5 78 317 t(XNK) 16500 20000 66 15-9 922 8 6 87 318 I2IKX1 19800 21900 66 17-9 1062. 8 .6 87 319 14000 23100 24000 72 16-6 1255 8 6 92 320 16000 26400 25500 72 17-8 1370 8 6 92 321 18000 29700 27900 78 17-8 1529 8 6 92 322 323 324 20000 25000 30000 33000 4000U 48000 28000 35000 41000 78 84 84 18-8 20-1 24-1 1601 2090 2655 8 10 10 666 92 103 103 Height. Floor to Top of Shell. In........................................... 84 84 84 92 92 92 95 95 95 95 108 108 109 109 110 110 118 118 Space Required to Open Rear Doors. In................... 75 75 75 Diam. Breeching, In................ 77 22 22 Diam. Stack. In....................... 20 20 20 Min. Height Stack. Ft............ 50 55 55 Diam. Breeching. 2 Boilers, In. 30 30 30 Diam. Stack. 2 Boilers, In... . 28 28 28 28 24 22 55 34 31 28 24 22 55 34 31 28 24 22 60 34 31 30 26 24 60 38 34 30 30 26 28 24 . 26 60 65 38 40 34 36 30 28 26 65 40 36 35 35 30 32 28 - 40 65 70 44 46 40 42 37 34 32 70 50 46 37 44 32 70 50 46 42 36 44 80 52 48 42 36 34 90 52 48 44 44 40 40 38 38 90 100 56 56 54 54 Min. Height Stack, 2 Boilers, Ft........... .............................. 60 65 65 65 65 70 70 70 75 75 75 80 80 80 90 100 100 no BROWNELL DIRECT DRAFT BRICK-SET BOILERS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1.3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 900 1050 1200 1400 1700 7000 7000 2600 3000 3500 4000 4500 5500 6300 7300 8700 10000 11000 12000 14000 1500 1700 2000 2300 2800 330(1 330(1 43<KI MXXI 580(1 6600 7400 9100 10700 12400 14400 16300 18200 I980C 23100 2800 3000 3200 3600 4700 4600 5200 5600 6000 7000 7800 8600 9700 11000 13500 14800 16000 17400 1860020400 30- 30 30 36 36 36 42 42 42 48 48 48 54 54 60 60 66 66 72 72 6-6 7-6 8-6 7-6 9-0 10-6 8-6 10-0 11-6 10-6 12-0 13-6 14-0 16-6 13-6 18-0 16-0 18-0 16-0 18-0 113 128 143 193 231 268 269 317 364 390 444 499. 373 683 755 887 971 1097 1183 1343 4 344 44666667 7 7 7 7 8 7'A M 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 Height of Water Line, In...... 53 55 53 59 59 59 61 61 61 65 65 65 67 67 75 75 80 80 85 85 Work. In.......... :................. 70 70 70 77 77 77 83 83 83 90 90 90 96 12 14 16 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 24 24 28 12 12 14 14 16 16 16 18 20 70 22 72 26 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 45 45 50 50 30 26 28 30 30 34 36 38 24 26 28 28 30 32 34 % 108 108 114 114 120 120 28 32 32 32 32 36 36 26 30 30 30 30 34 34 30 33 35 60 60 60 60 38 40 40 40 42 44 46 34 36 36 36 38 40 42 Ft........................................ 50 50 50 50 50 50 55 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 Approximate Shipping Weight....... Heating Surface. Sq. Ft................... Height Floor to Top of Brick Work,- Space Required to Open Rear Doors, In.......... .... Min. Height Stack. 2 Boilers. Ft.. . BROWNELL SMOKELESS BRICK-SET BOILERS 107 2600 4300 6100 42 9-10 309 6 4 61 108 3100 5100 6700 42 11-4 359 6 4 61 109 3600 5900 7200 42 12-11 409 6 4 61 110 111 4000 4700 6600 7800 8400 9100 48 48 12-4 13-10 448 506 66 44 65. 65 112 5500 9100 9800 48 I'M 563 7 5 65 113 6500 10700 12300 54 15-10 643 7 5 67 114 7500 12400 13600 54 18-4 756 7 5 67 115 8500 14000 16000 60 17-10 851 7 5 75 116 10000 16500 17400 60 20-4 987 7 5 75 82 82 82 89 89 69 95 95 107 107 22 22 22 25 25 25 28 28 30 30 22 22 24 24 27 27 30 30 34 34 20 20 22 . 22 24 24 28 28 32 32 50 50 50 50 55 55 60 60 60 60 26 30 34 34 36 36, 38 40 42 42 26 28 30 30 32 32 34 36 38 38 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 75 117 11500 19000 19400 66 18-4 1074 8 6 80 113 35 36 34 70 44 40 75 118 13000 21500 21000 66 20-4 1204 8 6 80 119 14000 23100 22400 72 18-4 1303 8 6 86 113 1)9 35 37 36 38 34 . 36 70 70 46 48 42 .44 80 s'80 120 16000 26400 24300 72 20-4 , 1468 8 6 86 119 37 . 38 36 70 50 46 80 291 ' Boilers (Gas Fired) TheBryantHeater &M,fg,Company Factory, 952 E. 72nd St. CLEVELAND, OHIO Baltimore, Md., 1116 Lexington Bldg. Birmingham, Ala.. American Trust Bldg. Boston, Mass., 126 High SL Brookltn, N. Y. 353 Atlantic Ave. Buffalo, N. Y., 610 Erie County Bank Bldg. Canton, Ohio 415 Daily News Bldg. Chicago, III., 218 South Wabash Ave. TPe\ JMA.RK Branches In Principal Cities Cincinnati, Ohio, 421 Union Trust Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio, Sales Service 1454 East 17th SL Denver, Colo., 1425 Sixteenth St. Detroit, Mich., 7644 Woodward Ave. Kansas Citt, Mo., 207 Davidson Bldg. Muskogee, Oela., 110 S. Fourth SL Philadelphia, Pa., Bourse Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa., East End Trust Bldg. Rochester, N. Y., 112 S. Clinton SL Saint Louis, Mo., 840 Planters Bldg. San Francisco, Cal., 710 Polk SL Toledo, Ohio. 405 Nicholas Bldg. Wichita, Kanb., 302 Orpheum Bldg. Bryant Gas Boiler for Hot Water, Steam or Vapor Heating Bryant Hot Water Storage Systems Bryant Hot Water Steam Generators BRYANT ThE Bryant Heater & M G.CQMPANVf __________________ Boilers (Gas Fired) Ratings and Dimensions of Bryant Gas Boilers General Description of Boiler Sectional design with an individual burner for each section. Automatic regulating and control devices. Cast iron construction with heavy base which serves as foundation. Liberally proportioned tubes--staggered for long gas travel. Tubes are easily accessible for cleaning. Large steam liberating space, which insures a steady water line. Bryant Engineers Bryant representatives travel the entire country in an endeavor to give whole hearted co-operation and service. Com plete information can be secured from any of the offices listed above. 3--Metal jacketed cover, with Asbestos Cell insulation, effectively retards radiation of beat into basemenL Plastic asbestos may be used if desired, however. 4--Tubes, easily accessible for cleaning. This is un necessary, except under unusual gas conditions. 5--Special Shape of Lower Tubes prevents reflection and aids beat in quickly reaching water tubes above. 6--Large Adjustable Mixers, equipped with sturdy and convenient T-handle valves. 7--Scientifically Designed Burners with drilled ports. Fuel supplied by Venturi mixing tubes. Both may be easily removed. ' B--An individual Burner for each Section. Correct pro portioning of gas consumption to beating surface; 1800 sq. in. of heating surface per boiler horse power. - 9--Baffle Plates, on end castings, direct hot gases against water tubes. . 10--Draft Hood regulates draftand eliminates basard from . accidently stopped flue. "- Iron Sections, n^mhlpd with cast iron nipples and ' secured by tie rods, give water-tight connections that are not affected by expansion, contraction, or gases. BRYANT HOT WATER STORAGE SYSTEMS Capacities of Bryant Hot Water Storage Systems . Capacity, in gallon* per hour raised 60* 100 140* Boiler H . P. Available B.t.u. Per Hour Boiler No. General Description of Hot Water Storage System .. Designed and built for supplying large quantities of hot water at an instant's notice. Boiler is auto matically controlled to maintain a full tank , of hot water at all times. Ample capacity for peak loads or sustained heavy demand. 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 6.3 7.2 9 II 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 . 41 45,000 60,500 75,500 90,500 120,500 151,000 181,000 211,000 241,500 305.000 372,000 439,000 506.000 ' 573,000 640.000 707,000 774,000 840,000 908,000 975,000 1.041,000 1,109,000 1,176,000 1,242,000 1,310,000 1,377,000 3-A-2 94 54 39 4-A-2 176 72 52 5-A-2 157 90 65 3-A-3 185 110 80 4-A-3 740 145 10S 5-A-3 300 180 130 6-A-3 360 215 155 7-A-3 420 750 180 8-A-3 48(1 790 205 9-A-4 61(1 370 760 1 l-A-4 735 450 320 I3-A-4 880 530 380 15-A-4 1020 610 435 I7-A-4 >150 690 485 I9-A-4 1780 770 550 2I-A-4 1410 850 605 23-A-4 1540 930 660 25-A-4 1680 1010 720 27-A-4 1870 1090 775 29-A-4 1940 1170 8-15 31-A-4 2080 1250 890 33-A-4 777(1 1330 950 35-A-4 2350 1410 1005 37-A-4 2480 1490 1060 39-A-4 267(1 1570 1120 4I-A-4 2750 1650 1180 293 Boilers and Radiators Continental Heater Corporation Dunkirk, N. Y. MANUFACTURERS OF CAST IRON BOILERS AND RADIATORS Continental Low Water Line Boilers Smokeless and Regular Types Many engineers, architects and heating contractors will recognize the Continental as the boiler which during the past 12 years has helped them solve low head room problems. The ex tremely low water line elimi nates the necessity for pits and prevents water line troubles by providing ample space between the water line and low point of the main. Free and rapid circulation throughout the boiler makes for efficiency and prevents priming. By reason of its design the boiler is a rapid steamer. No. 410S--.Single Series (Regular) The Continental does justice to the engineers layout and the heating contractors installation. It pleases the owner by its ease of operation and fuel economy. Continental Double Series Boiler Double Series Boiler 294 The Continental Double Series Boiler has two sep arate fire boxes, either or both of which, may. be used. They may be of equal size, or one larger than the other. Only ong part of the boiler need be used during mild weather. 30-in. double series 2600 sq. ft. to 8200 sq. ft. steam capacity. 40-in. double series 5500 sq. ft.' to 22,300 sq. ft. steam ca pacity. Continental Heater Corporation Boilers and Radiators Conlenlo CONTENTO BOILERS The Contento can be used either on the same floor with the radiators or in the basement. . The forward and back fire travel utilizes the gases instead of allowing them to be wasted up the chimney. Contento . Number 4 65 7 - Water Rating Sq. Ft. 400 535 670 825 Steam Rating Sq.Ft. 240 320 400 500 Height, 45 in., two 2 in. flow tappings, two 2 in. return tappings. Steam boilers have 2 in. top outlet. Shipped in one piece crated. Inside View CONTINENTAL LOW WATER LINE BOILER DATA - (Ratings have never been changed) ' Smokeless Boiler Number Regular -Series Boiler Number Steam Rating Water Rating Grate Area Row and Return 2 Each inches Front Length of Boiler Inches Extreme Overall Depth Inches Chimney Chimney Area Height Inches Feet 20 Series Water Line 38 Inches--Height of Flow 43 Inches 25 700 1,150 3.88 3 35 39# 26 900 1,500 4.85- 3 42 39# 2,20027 . i.ioo 1,850 5.62 28 1,300 6.80 3 3 49 56 3v>9'A# 1118222xxxx11112222 40 ' 40 40 40 530 630 730 830 930 1030 1130 1230 30 Series Water Line-43 Inches--Height of Flow 48 Inches 35 1,200 2,000 5.83 4 35 54# 36 ' 1,600 2,650 7.29 4 42 54# 2,00037 3,300 8.75 - 4' 49 .54# 10.2138 2,400 4,000 4 56 54# 39 2,800 4,650 11.67 4 63 54# 6,000310 3,200 5,300 13.13 311 3,600 14.59 4 70 54# 4 77 54# 312 4,000 6,650 16.05 4 84 54# 11112222xxxx11112222 12x16 12x16 12x16 16x16 40 40 40 40 40 45 45 45 40 Series Water Line 47 Inches--Height of Flow 54 Inches 11.66640 46 2,500 4,150 9.72 5 42 79 12x16 50 740 47 . 3,200 5,300 5 49 79 12x16 50 840 48 3,900 6,450 13,60 5 56 79 16x16 50 940 49 4,600 7,600 15.54 5 63 79 16x20 55 1040 6,000 201140 11,100 201240 410 5,300 8,750 17.48 5 70 79 411 9,900 19.43 5 77 79 412 6,700 21.35 5 84 79 16x20 x20 x20 55 55 60 8,1001340 413 7,400 12,250 23.32 *5 91 79 24x24 65 1440 414 13,400 25.27 *5 98 79 24x24 - 65 1540 415 8,800 14,550 27.22 5 105 79 24x28 65 1121640 416 9,500 15,700 29.17 5 79 28x28 70 10,2001740 417 16,850 31.12 5 119 79 28x28 70 1840 418 10,900 18,000 33;07 5 126 79 28x32 70 *One additional 5-in; flow. **Two additional 5-in. flows. Double series boilers 2,600 to 22.300 sq. ft. 295 TT Boilers Abram Cox Stove Company PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON . MANUFACTURERS OF NOVELTY Round and Sectional Boilers for steam, water and vapor heating; NOVELTY Coal Tank Heaters and Laundry Stoves: NOVELTY Pipe and Pipeless Furnaces for warm air heating; NOVELTY Coal Ranges; NOVELTY FORTUNE Combination Coal-and-Gas Ranges; FORTUNE Gas Ranges and Gas Water Heaters. . BOILER RATINGS ABANDONED ENTIRELY! Owing to the confusion that has arisen from time to time due to the continual changing of cast iron boiler ratings without any material change in capacities by some manufacturers, the Abram Cox Stove Company has abandoned ratings entirely. In place of them, we offer the Novelty Boiler Selection-Plan which states the actual amount of net equivalent column radiation that each boiler will carry under seven different conditions found on jobs. These amounts are based on the grate area, the size and height of the flue, the rate - of combustion, the rate of evaporation, the kind of fuel that is burned, and'the coal carrying capacity. * This method of selection, you will readily see, takes into consideration the conditions found on your own job; so you, knowing these conditions, can select a boiler to care,for them instead of spending valuable time in an effort to figure out this information on. boilers that are rated on laboratory tests when the factors that are taken into considera tion arc ideal and seldom found in actual installations. 296 Abram Cox Stove Company Boilers TAKES ALL FACTORS INTO CONSIDERATION The Novelty Boiler Selection-Plan is not an entirely new idea. In the past, many engineers have based their selection of the boiler op either the-grate area, the coal carrying capacity, the rate of combustion, or the rate o;evaporation, because they could not depend upon ratings. The Novelty Plan takes all of these factors into consideration so , that the correct size boiler can be selected for any job in accordance with the conditions found there. Due to the fact that we give the net equivalent column radiation that each boiler will carry under seven different conditions found on jobs, and much other data, important to engineers, such as that on chimney flues, dimensions and measurements, etc., it is impossible for us to give here complete information of the many sizes of Novelty Boilers. The Novelty Boiler Selection-Plan, however, along with this engineering data is given in the Novelty Boiler Handbook where it is fully explained. Thousands of Engi neers, Architects, and Heating Contractors are using it today. We have received hundreds of letters from users complimenting us upon the Plan. .. Below is printed, an exact reproduction of. the Selection-Plan for the No. 7-40 Novelty Carburetor Boiler, which is illustrated on the opposite page. After you have examined the plan carefully, we are sure you will say that the publishing of the net equivalent column, radiation that a boiler will carry under conditions found on the job is just the thing that you have been wishing the manufacturer would do. A copy of the Novelty Handbook will be mailed you upon request. NOVELTY Boiler Selection-Plan (Carburetor Boilers) Novelty Boiler--No. 7-40 Grate Area 15.28 iq. ft. 1--Rate of.combustion in lbs. of coal per square foot grate per hour.... 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 2--Evaporation pounds of water per pound of HARD coal*................... 8.8 9.2 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.5 3--Coal, pounds per hour................... 76 . 84 92 99 107 115 122 4--Steam, pounds per hour................ 669 773 874 950 1038 1104 1159 5--Total condensing load in terms of direct column radiation sq. ft......... 2676 > 3092 3496 3800 4152 4416 4636 6--Net direct steam radiation or equivalent aq. ft............................ 2141' 2474 ; 2797 3040 3322 3533 3709 7--Net direct water radiation or equivalent sq. ft......................... 3426 3958 4475 4664 5315 5653 5934 8--Draft required/Overfire.......... in inches of watcr\Smoke-hood... 0.025 0.185 0.03 0.23 0.035 0.265 0.04 0.31 ' 0.045 0.36 0.05 0.415 0.055 0.47 12x16 .;;; ;;;; 40 16x16 40 I6x 16 50 16x20 55 16x20 65 20x20 70 20x24 75 *Item 2 includes the smaller sizes of coal such as pea and No. 1 buckwheat. . For soft coal, take 95 per cent of items 2-4-5-6-7. See noteg on chimney sizes, pages 38 to 44. ' , Chimney sizes and height (item 9) applies to tfght, straight, individual flues lined or unlined and not influenced by surrounding objects.' - " Item 8 indicates measurement with draft gauge over Are and on boiler side of damper in smoke-hood. 297 Boilers, Healing Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. ESTABLISHED'1886 General Offices: 47 West 42nd Street, New York City Works: OSWEGO, N. Y. Products: Fitzgibbons-Ontarlo (small-sized) steel boilers for steam or hot water heating. Fitzgibbons Compac (intermediate sized) steel boilers for steam or hot water heating. Fitzgibbons (large sized) steel boilers for steam or hot water heating. Reputation and Performance: For the past forty years Fitzgibbons Boilers have been known and recog nized for their economy in coal consumption, quick steaming ability, and high evaporative power. Equally well-known have been their performance records for low cost operation and absence of maintenance cost. Fitzgibbons-Onlario Steel Boiler Fitzglbbons-Ontario Small Sized Steel Boilers: These boilers embody all the economical and efficient features of the larger sized Fitzgibbons boilers and are made in 16 sizes ranging from 400 sq. ft. to 3200 sq. ft., steam rating or from 700 sq. ft. to 5100 sq. ft. water rating. The smallest size is 4 ft. 7 in. high. 5 ft. long and 2 ft 2 in. wide, and is- particularly suited for use in small residences where*space is limited. FITZGIBBONS-ONTARIO STEEL BOILERS--Ratings and Specifications Number of BoiIer._....... If-8 H-12 H-16 H-20 H-22 H-24 H-28 H-30 H-32 H-36 H 38 H-44 H-50 H-52 H-58 H-64 Steam Rating....................... 4do 600 800 1000 1100 1200 1400 1500 1600 1800 1900 2200 2500 2600 2900 3200 Hot Water Katrne . 700 1000 1300 1600 1750 1900 7700 7400 2600 7900 3000 3500 4000 4200 4600 5100 A-Lham. Vert. Shell........... 26* 29* 29* 29* 33* 33* 33* 36' 36* 36* 40* 40* 40* 43* 43* 43* B-Height Bare Boiler........ i'JD/i- 4-1* 4'-l* 4'-l* 4'-!* 4'-!' 4'-l* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4'-8* : 4'--8* 4'-8* y y y C-Length Bare Boiler........ 4-2* y 6' T 5'-5* 6'-5* 7'-5* V-9* 6'-9* 7'-9* 6'-7* 7'-7* 8'-7* T-A" 8'-4* 9'-4* D-Diam. Hot. Shell............ 18* 21* 21* 21* 23* 23* 23* 27* 77' 77* 31* 31* 31* 33* 33* 33* E-Floor to Water Line. . 3'-9* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4'-4* 4-7* 4'-7* 4'-7* 4-11* 4'-ll* 4'-l 1 * 5-7* 5'-7* 5'-2* K-Diameter Fire Bo*......... 21* 24' 24' 24* ' 78* 28* 28' 31* 31* 31* 34* 34" 34' 37* 37* 37* L-Diam. Cast Iron Base... M-Height Cast Iron Base.. 30* iov/ HVf 13* 33V,' 13* 33'A' 13' 37V/ 13* 37V/ 13* 37V/ 13' 40iVf*/ 40*// 13* 40V?* 13* 423/.* 13* 4234* 13* 423/4* 453/4' 453/4* 453/4* 13* 13* 13* - 13* IN4 loor to Center h ire Door MV' 31* 31* 31* 31* 31* 31* 31* 31* 31* 31* 31' 31* 31* 31* 31* O-Height............................. 4-r 5'-2* V-2* 5'-2* y-v 5-2* 5-2* 5'-5* V-S* V-5* 5'-9* 5'-9* 5'-9* 6'-l* 6'-l* 6'-l* P-Length Overall y 5'-10* 6'-l0* 7'-IO* 6'-3* 7-3* 8'-3* 6'-7* 7'-7* 8'-7* 7'-5* 8'-5* 9'-5* 8'-2* 9'-2* IO'-2* Q-Height Cast Iron Stand. 1W 28V,* 28)/,' 28V/ 273/,' 773// 773// 28' 28* 78* 28* 28" 28* 28* 28* 28* R--Width Smoke Uptake... S-Length Smoke Uptake. . I-Location Supply Outlet. y/i* nw 8' $k 8*/?* w 15'// W \yfs 4k > 10V/ W 1107*1/?/*/ 17$ 10'/?' w TO'// iiv!' Wi' ?0V/ UV/ W 20V/ iiw' 91// 22* 13* 13' 9'/2' 10* 10* 10* 22* 25* 25* 25* 13* 12V?* 12V/ 12V/ U-Location Damper Keg... 10* 12' 12* 12' 13' 13* 13' 15* 15* 15* 15* 15* 15' 17* 17* 17* V-Suggested Behind Boiler. Supply Outlet....................... Return................................... Safety Valve................... .. 18* 23' 33* 45* 73* 32* 44* 24" 31* 43* 73* 35* 47* 28* 40* 52* .3* 4* 4* 4' 4V?* 4*// 41// 5* 5* 5* 5* 5* 5' 6* 6* 4k 4k3* 4* 4* 4* 4V/ 5* 5* 5* 5* 5* 5* 6* 6' 6* 4kVs* 1* 1* 1* IV/ IV/ I1// IV/ IV/ 2* 2' 2' 2* 2* 2* Diameter Smoke Pipe.......... 8* 10* 10* 10* 17' 12' 12* 14* 14' 14* 16* 16* 16* 18* 18' 18* Approx. Sq. ht. Covering... 36 46 52 58 54 60 66 64 72 80 78 86 94 92 -102r .110 Approx. Shipping Weight... 1750 1950 2000 2050 2250 2300 2350 2850 2900 2950 3300 3550 3800 3900 4200 .4500 Ratings are based on two pounds pressure for steam and 180 deg. fahr. for water and give actual number of square feet direct cast iron radiator surface or equivalent when sufficient radiation is installed to heat the building to 70 deg. fahr. 298 Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. Boilers, Heating Fitzgibbons Compac Intermediate Sized Steel Boilers: These boilers embody all the economical and efficient qualities of the large Fitzgibbons Boilers and are made in 12 sizes ranging from 3300 to 8500 sq. ft. steam rating, or from 5300 to 13,600 sq. ft. water rating. The smallest size is 7 ft. 1 in. high. 8 ft. 1 in. long and 4 ft. wide. A most compact boiler; and one specially adapted to smaller apartment houses where space is limited. Construction: Both the Ontario and the Compac boilers are built completely of steel without a single cast-iron part holding water. Tested under pressure before ship ment. and ready for immediate installation upon arrival at job. No assembling of parts at the building; no packed joints, unions, bolts, etc. .- Fuel Economy: The fire-box is so deep, the combustion chamber with its gas diverting arch so large, and the heating surface so ample, that the direct fire and ' major portion of flue surface is exposed to the hottest gases, utilizing all the heat available from the fuel. This results in a saving of upwards of 20 per cent in amount of fuel required in comparison with other types of heating boilers. Burn Coal; Oil or Gas: A feature of these smaller sized boilers is that any kind or size of coal can be used. The fuel saving results whether egg. stove, chestnut, pea or buck wheat size of coal, or oil or gas is used as fuel. Ratings are Net: Each rating is the amount of equivalent cast-iron radia tion that the boiler will heat to keep rooms at 70 deg. fahr. (outside temperature zero) with the heating system properly designed to maintain 70 deg. room temperature with two pounds steam pressure, or water in bnilerat 180 deg. fahr. for hot water heating. Fitzgibbons CcmPac Steel Boiler FITZGIBBONS COMPAC STEEL BOILERS--Ratings and Specifications No. of Boiler Diam. Height Vert. Steam Rating Sq. Ft. Hot Water Rating Sq. Ft. Shell Bare Boiler Length Bare Boiler Diam. Hor. Shell Water Line A B c DE Cast Iron Base F Over Height all Height Stand GH Smoke Uptake Space to Draw Tubes Approx. Sq.Ft. Cover ing Approx. Weight in Lbs. JxK . L H-66 H-76 H-86 H-88 H-98 H-108 H-120 H-132 H-144 I-M50 H-160 H^I70 3300 380C 430C 4400 4900 5400 6000 6600 7200 7500 8000 ssbo 5300 6100 6900 7100 7900 8700 9600 10600 11500 12000 12800 13600 4'-0* 5'--10" 8'-r 4'-0* 5'-10" 9-1* 4'-0' 5-10' lO'-l* 4'-4* 5'-11* 6'-7* A'-A" 5-11* 9'-7* A'-A" 5-11* !0'-7* 4'-9' (s'-7* 9-9* 4'-9* 6'-7* 10-9* 4'-9' 6'-7* 1 r-9* 5'-0" 6'-l 1* 9'-10* 5'-0* 6'-11* lO'-IO* 5-0* 6'-ll* ir-10* 3'-4' 6'-0* 15' 3'-4* 6'-0" 15* 3'-4' 6'-0* 15* 3'-6* 6'-0* 15* 3'-6* 6'-0-' 15* 3'-6* 6'-0* 15' 4'-0* 6'-7* 15* 4'-0* 6'-7* - 15* 4'-0* 6-7* 15* 4-3' 6'-l 1* 15' 4'-3* 6'-11* 15' 4'-3* 6'-11* 15* 7'-l* 7'-l* 7'-1* 7'-2r T-2" T-V 7'--10* 7'--10* 7'-10* 8'-2* 8'-2* 8'-2' 2-7" 2*-7' 2-7* 2-5* 2-5* 2'-5* 2-7* 2'-7* 2-7* 2'-8* 2'-8* 2'-8* I3'/2*x25* 13'/2*x26* !3'A*x26* 14* x27* 14' x27" 14* x27* 14' x37* 14* x37* 14* x37* 14* x44* 14* x44* 14* x44* 2-9* 3'-9* 4'-9* 2'-8* 3'-8* 4-8* 3'-8* 4'-8* 5'-8* 3'-8* 4'-8* 5'-8* 118 5500 128 585C 138 6200 132 6300 143 6650 154 7000 167 9000 180 9500 193 10,000 181 . 10,200 195 10,850 208 11,500 299 Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. Boilers, Heating FITZGIBBONS Large Steel Boilers teristic of the.boiler at over 20 per cent of the fuel The Fitzgibbons Boiler owes its high standing among architects, engineers and builders to (1) its capacity to carry its rating with ease (2) its coal-saving as compared with other types, and (3) its absence of maintenance cost. ordinarily required by boilers of the rectangular-grate ; design. This economy results directly from the boiler's cylindrical construction, its complete combustion and its rapid water circulation. Adaptability: The boiler requires tittle boiler-room Construction: The design embodies the strongest space. To overcome unusual space limitations caused possible construction with a minimum of internal ' by irregular column or girder construction, the boiler bracing. The combustion chamber is concentric with can be specially built with the fire-door placed on any the vertical shell possessing simitar strength. The radius. Any fuel can be burned; semi-bituminous; interior of the boiler is readily visible and accessible anthracite buckwheat; oil; gas; wood or sawdust. in all parts for inspection and cleaning. Numerous An ever-increasing yearly production of this single handhole openings together with the manhole in boiler attests to its correctness of design, its economy the top head facilitate getting at all parts. Built in operation and its all-around efficient service. completely of steel, eliminating all brick work. Steam Pressures: The Fitzgibbons Boiler for heating is built for 15 lbs. steam pressure to conform with the rigid requirements of -the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code. ` Combustion*. Complete combustion of the fuel and its consumable gases in the combustion cham ber with a minimum of excess air is a requisite of economical operation. The Fitzgibbons Boiler has a circular grate with no dead corners. The com bustion chamber is over six feet in height, giving the ample furnace volume now recognized as * essential for complete combustion. The lower crown-sheet of the furnace diverts the gases into a thorough mixture with the air admitted through the special opening over the fire-door. This mass of consumable gas is completely burned in the high combustion chamber before entering the tubes. Smokeless operation with semi-bituminous coal indicates the thoroughness of this combustion. Furnace temperatures have run close to 3000s F. . Circulation: The second requisite of economical operation is the rapid absorption of the heat by the water. This can be effected .only by properly arranged heating surfaces over which a fast circula tion is maintained. The horizontal shell with the tubes in the Fitzgibbons Boiler is completely sub merged. The water-line is in the vertical cylinder immediately over the combustion chamber. As a result of this unique arrangement, the circulation is always towards the front of tha boiler along a fixed path increasing its speed as it approaches the - combustion chamber where the source.of greatest beat exists. The perfection of this circulation is evidenced by (1) the quick-steaming ability of the boiler (2) less than one per cent moisture, in the steam regardless of overload carried and (3). unusually low flue-gas temperatures. Economy: Forty years of operation under all sorts of conditions of fuel, supervision and load requirements have placed the fuel-saving charac Fitzgibbons Boiler FITZGIBBONS BOILER.S--Ratings and Specifications These sizes are also built for 100, 125 and 150 lbs. W. S. P. 300 Boilers Irvington, N. Y. IRVINGTON. N. Y. Factories: ELIZABETH, N. J. LANCASTER. PA. Offices: , Boston. Mass. Chicago, III. New York City, N. Y. - Baltimore, Md. Philadelphia, Pa. San Francisco, Calip. Makers of Low Pressure and High Pressure Cast Iron Boilers BURNHAM WATER TUBE TYPE BOILER MEASUREMENTS AND RATINGS Number Crete Size of Water Size of Ares Grate Rating Sections Sq. Fl Inches Sq. Ft. W-21-4 W-21-5 W-21-6 W-21-7 W-21-8 W-ZI-9 W-21-10 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 2.47 3.20 3.93 4.66 5.39 '6.12 6.85 21x17 . 21x22 . 21x27 ` 21x32 21x37 21x42 21x47 1,000 1,3001,600* 1,900 2.200 2,500 2,600 Here's a Burnham .Boiler that is designed for high pressure Hot Water Heating up to 80 lb. and tested according to the A. S. M. E. Code at 2% times its actual working pressure. ` It is especially adapted for hot water supply 'for apartment houses, office buildings, hospitals, stores, garages, thea ters, etc. The tank capacities given are figured for a 22 deg. rise per hour per gallon of waiter, based on an eight (8) hour firing period. For commercial work or high class apart ments the tank sizes may be proportioned and fire period raised to meet any pre vailing condition. Like other Burnhams, its water tube sections are connected with handy, short tie-bolts; its shaker grates operate half at a time; every flue has its own clean out door. - Special equipment furnished with this high pressure series: . Automatic Damper Regualtor, Water Relief Valve, Two 2 in. Brass Cleanout plugs, on front section. Tank Size Number Total Size Capacity Storage of Length Gallons Tank Families* W-21-4 865 W-21-5 1,000 W-21-6 1.130 W-21-7 1,300 W-21-6 1,500 W-21-9 1,665 W-21-10 , 1,757 42*xl2' 28-31 42"'xl4' 32-37 4>xl2' 33-42 48'xl4' , 43-47 48*xl6' 48-52 54*xl4' 53-57 60*xl2' 58-62 24* 2T 34' 39* 44* 49* 54* *Average 3 to 4 room apartments. Tappings: Two 3 in. Supplies. Two 3 in. Returns on Rear Section. Size of Smoke Pipe, 10 ins. 301 Boilers General Boilers Company Manufacturers of '' Pacific Steel Heating Boilers, Pacific Circulating Tanks Waukegan, Illinois For Burning Soft Coal Smokelessly For Sofl or Hard Coal, Cos or Wood For Burning Oil P AClFIC STEEL HEATING BOILERS Pacific Steel Heating Boilers are built for steam or hot water heating using soft coal, hard coal, oil, gas, or wood as fuel. They are constructed of steel accord ing to the A. S. M. E. Code for building low pressure- steel heating boilers. Every joint and seam in the Pacific is electrically welded and each boiler is built and tested to a pressure many times its normal working pressure un der the supervision of an inspector stationed in our plant by one of the largest insurance companies. A stand ard boiler. policy is furnished with each steam boiler. . Because of the . compact design Pacific Boilers save from 25 to 40 per cent, of the boiler room floor space required by other steel firebox boilers, (see dimensions given on opposite page). ''The' catalog ratings on Pacific .Boilers are based on heating surface with steam at two pounds gauge pressure, hot water at 180. deg. at boiler. Any Pacific Boiler will carry its full rated load in direct cast iron radiation. Extra capacity must be allowed for exposed piping, storage tank, pipe coils or indirect radiators and for buildings where normal tem peratures below 70 deg. F. are to be maintained. 302 General Boilers Company STEAM--Specifications Boilers STEAM--Specifications Inches || [ Size of Return. 1 | Size of Outlet. Heating Surface, Square Feet Crate Area. Square Feet Height Water Line. Inches Diameter Smoke 11 Connec. Inches || Diameter Stack Inches Minimum Height Stack, Feet Net Rating Catalogue 1j Number 11 ||11 Size of Return, Inches Inches ' Size of Outlet, . Heating Surface. Square Feet Crate Area, Square Feet Height Water Line. Inches Diameter Smoke Connec. Inches Diameter Stack Inches Minimum Height Stack, Feet Net Rating I \ \ Inches IJ 42 3 sz | | ! | : 1 | I | 1 | 606 1200 60 (2 It 45 5.11 100.0 3 2 607 1300 60 12 It 45 5.68 114.0 3 2 1500 60 12 It 45 6.27 122.0 3 2 1900 64 14 13 30 2400 64 14 13 V) 6.77 152.0 4. */, 8.16 189.0 . 4 V/2 2900 68 16 15 33 9.47 234.0 5 3 612 3400 68 16 13 55 11.06 279.0 3 3 613 4000 68 18 17 60 11.85 318.0 3 3 4500 68 18 17 60 12.70 372.0 3 3 613 5000 75 18 17 60 12.07 392.0 6 3 616 5500 75 18 17 63 13.10 425.0 6 3 617 5800 75 18 17 65 15.15 457.6 6 3 618 6500 81 24 22 65 16.42 508.5 7 4 619 7500 81 24 22 70 18.83 594.fi / 4 620 8500 81 24 22 70 20.00 637.5 7 4 621 9000 89 26 24 70 19.11 708.7 8 4 622 (0000 69 26 24 75 20.50 809.5 8 4 623 12000 99. 30 28 75 25.14 864.5 8 4 624 14000 99 30 28 73 26.64 988.fi 8 -4 625 15500 106 32 W 83 32.6 I183.fi 8 5 626 18000 106 37 30 83 34.7 1332.9 8 5 627 20500 106 32 30 90 36.7 1482.0 10 6 628 22000 119 36 33 100 39.1 1583.1 10 6 629 - 25000 119 36 33 100 41.4 1759.0 10 6 630 28000 119 36 33 100 43.7 1934.9 10 6 631 31000 119 36 33 MO 43.7 21IO.fi 12 6 632 34000 119 36 33 no 46.1 2286.7 12 6 206 1050 60 12 It 40 5.11 100.0 3 2 707 1200 60 12 11 40 5.68 114.0 i 2 208 1350 60 12 M 40 6.27 122.0 3 2 209 1600 64 14 13 43 6.77 152.0 4 i/i 210 1900 64 14 13 45 8.16 189.0 4 711 2400 68 16 15 50 9.47 234.0 5 3 212 2900 68 16 15 SO 11.06 279.0 3 3 713 3300 68 16 17 55 11.65 318.0 3 3 71* 3800 68 18 1/ 33 12.70 372.0 3 3 215 4100 75 16 17 55 12.07 392.0 6 3. 216 4500 75 18 1/ 60 13.10 425.0 6 3 217 5000 75 18 17 60 15.15 457.6 6 3 718 5500 81 24 22 60 16.42 508.5 7 4 219 6500 81 24 22 65 18.83 594.fi 7 4 770 7000 81 24 22 65 20.a 637.5 7 4 221 75a 89 76 74 63 19.11 708.7 8 4 222 85a 89 26 74 70 20.50 809.5 8 4 223 1000C 99 30 28 70 25.14 864.5 8 4 774 i i5a 99 30 28 70 26.64 988.fi 8 4 775 130a 106 32 30 73 32.6 M83.fi 8 5 226 I500C 106 3? 30 75 34.7 1332.9 8 3 777 1700C 106 32 30 80 36.7 1482.0 10 6 778 I900C 119 36 33 90 39.1 1584.1 10 6 m 2200C 119 36 33 90 41.4 1759.0 10 6 230 250a 119 36 33 90 .43.7- 1934.9 10 6 731 280a 119 36 33 too 43.7 2iio:e 12 6 232 31000 119 36 33 100 46.1 2286.7 12 6 HOT WATER--Specifications HOT WATER--Specifications 1 Inches | I Size of Return, I Size of Outlet, Heating Surface. Square Feet Minimum Height Stack. Feet Crate Area, Square Feet Catalogue 1 Number | Net Rating Height Water Line, Inches Diameter Smoke Connec. Inches Size of Outlet, Inches Size of Return. (1 Inches . || Heating Surface, Square Feet Minimum Height Stack. Feet 1 Diameter Stack Diameter Smoke ; Connec. Inches 1' Height Water Line, Inches ' i- 33 <5Z 506 1900 507 2100 508 2400 509 3000 510 3800 511 4700 512 5500 513 6400 514 7400 513 ' 6300 516 6800 51/ 9300 518 10700 519 12400 520 13400 321 14500 522 16300 | Net Rating | Inches Grate Area, Square Feet 12 M 45 5.11 120.0 4 4 12 11 45 5.68 136.9 4 4 12 11 45 6.27 153.7 4 . 4 14 13 30 6.77 196.0 7-4 7-4 14 13 50 8.16 245.0 2-4 2-4 16 13 33 9.47 234.0 7-4 2-4 16 13 55 11.06 279.0 2-4 2-4 18 17 60 11.85 318.0 7-6 7-5 18 17 60 12.70 372.0 2-5 2-5 18 17 60 12.07 392.3 7-6 7-6 18 17 65 13.10 415.6 2-6 2-6 18 17 63 15.15 457.6 7-6 2-6 24 22 65 16.42 508.5 2-6 2-4> 24 22 70 18.83 594.fi 2-4s 2-6 24 22 70 20.00 637.5 2-6 2-6 26 74 70 19.11 708.7 7-7 7-7 26 24 75 20.50 809.5 2-7 2-7 106 1700 107 . 19a 108 22a 109 26a M0 3000 Ml 38a M2 47a M3 53a M4 6ta 115 65a 116 . 72a 117 soa 118 ssa 119 105a 120 112a 121 120a 122 135a i , j i- 5 12 II 40 5.M 120.0 4 4 12 M 40 5.68 136.9 4 4 12 11 40 6.27 153.7 4 4 14 13 43 6.77 196.0 2-4 2-4 14 13 45 8.16 245.0 2-4 2-4 16 13 50 9.47 234.0 2-4 2-4 16 15 50 11.06 279.0 2-4 2-4 18 17 55 11.85 318.0 2-5 2-5 18 17 55 12.70 372.0 2-5 2-3 18 17 55 17.07 392.3 2-6 2-6 18 17 60 13.IC 415.6 2-6 2-b 18 17 60 15.15 457:6 2-6 2-6 24 22 60 16.42 508.5 2-6 2-6 24 22 65 18.83 594.fi 2-6 2-6 24 22 63 2o.a 637.5 2-6 2^6 26 24 65 19.11 708.7 2-1 2-1 26 24 70 20.50 809.5 2-7 2-1 Inches 1 Pacific Boilers are constructed'with smoke outlet at the rear and all of the tubes, both upper and lower'banks,.can be cleaned or removed from the front of the boiler through the front flue doors. Space at rear of boiler is not necessary. - Complete catalog showing all types and sizes Pacific Boilers will be furnished on request. . 303 Boilers and Radiators Foundry Poughkeepsie Handon Boiler Corporation HANDON General Sales Office 101 Pars Ave., New York Steam and Hot Water Boilers Tank Heaters and Radiators Handon Boilers are made of high-grade charcoal iron which produces a casting of very high tensile strength. They are carefully tested with hydraulic pressure before leaving our works, and are guaranteed only to the extent of our furnishing new castings for any found defective in manufacture. - The greatest amount of prime heating surface is brought in contact with the direct rays of the fire by the formation of the Firepot, with its many Radial Arms and its extraordinarily Deep Coal Carrying Capacity. The walls are corrugated throughout thus increasing the heating, surface, as well as materially aiding combustion. The rated capacities shown here are made conservatively and in accordance with accepted standards. The steam ratings are based on a standard of 2 lb. pressure at boiler. Water ratings are based on;a standard of 180 deg. fahr. as' water leaves heater. Trimmings furnished with steam heaters consist of Steam Gage with -cock and syphon, Safety Valve, Water Column, Water Gage and Cocks, Automatic Damper Regulator and Chain, and neces sary pipe and fittings to connect same with heater. ' . SPECIFICATIONS Handon Steam Boilers No. Actual . Size Dia. Crate of Rating .--Crate Smoke and Firepot in. In. Inlet* and Outlet* - In. Crate Area Water Line In. I7S3 1754 1755 1953 1954. 1955' 22S3 22S4 22S5 25S3 25S4 25S5 350 400 425 425 475 500 550 625 700 . 750 825 925 171/4 171/* 17-/4 19-/4 19*4 19*4 22*4 22-4 22-4 25-4 25*4 25'/. 7 7 7 7 7 7 `8 6 8 9 9 9 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2'/. 2-2'/; 2-21/4 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 1.62 1.62 1.62 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.70 2.70 2.70 3.48 3.48 3.48 40V. 45 99V. 41 45V* 50V; 42yi 47V. 53 45V; Sty} 57<4 Handon Steam Boiler Handon Hot Water Boilers 17W3 17W4 I7W5 I9W3 I9W4 I9W5 22W3 22W4 22W5 25W3 25W4 25W5 550 625 700 675 750 825 925 1050 1175 1250 1375 1500 17-4 17-4 17-4 19-4 19>4 19-4 22-4 22-4 22-4 25-4 25*4 25-4 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 .9 9 9 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2-4 2-2-4 2-2-4 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 1.62 1.62 1.62 2.02 2.02 2.02 2.70 2.70 2.70 3.48 3.48 3.48 All Boilers are equipped with Triangular Grates. 304 Boilers Harrisburg Star Boiler Corporation Steel bases and water bridge walls are furnished as regular equipment for boilers up to and including No. 715 boilers. No brick work required. * Brick bases and bridge walls must be furnished by customers for boilers No. 716 and larger. Front and rear base plates with necessary doors are furnished as regular equipment. Prices for steel bases will be r quoted on application. . Regular trimmings include steam gage, water column, safety valve or valves, and shaking grates. Regular firing tools include hoe. poker, slice bar. cleaning nozzle and wire brushes for cleaning inside . and outside of tubes. '. \ 305 Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/iter Makers of Heating Apparatus Utica, N. Y. Coop/my HEW YORK Broadway and 57tb St. CHICACO 19}3>3S Wentworth Aye. CLEVELAND 1441 Davenport Are., N. E. DETROIT NASHAU. N.H. 3952 Cass Are. 110 Chestnut St. jjfCOJVOMY ftOILrE&S On the following pages we present condensed data on the INTERNATIONAL Economy Sectional Boilers, Steam and Water. Both the Regular and the Smokeless types have the following distinctive features in common: Conservative ratings from actual tests according to the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Code the evaporative power and efficiency are exceptionally high; a long fire travel and all heating surface below the water line; a low steady water line with water gauge tapped directly into the section; dry steam guaranteed without a header and only one main outlet from boiler; grate bar connections of sectional boilers are outside the ashpit; all heating surface easily cleaned from front of boiler through large flue doors. The temperature of the gases in the first pass or lower flues is at least 200 degrees higher than in the fire box for an hour or two after firing due to the special mixing or carburetor feature of all Regular type boilers. In the secondary combustion chamber of the Smokeless type, the temperature at times exceeds 2000 deg. fahr. which means high efficiency due to proper combustion conditions as regards, time, temperature, and mixture. The INTERNATIONAL Economy Smokeless Boiler is an up draft boiler designed for the smokeless combustion of any bituminous fuels commonly used for heating purposes. It is built on the Kent Wing Wall principle in which the rear portion of the boiler contains a mixing chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, separated by a brick wing wall; so that the smokeless feature is entirely outside of the firebox. This type of boiler is very simple to control and does not require the services of a skilled or expert fireman. Cut-Away View of No. 10-47 Economy Smokeless Boiler 306 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/mon/iL He/tter Cocop/my SECTIONAL MEASUREMENTS Smokeless Steam Sizes Height of Water Line, Inchei J Diameter of Smoke Outlet, Iriche* Height to Supply Outlet. Inche* Add to Height for Trimming*, Inche* W idth of Boiler, Including Trimming*. Inches Height from Floor to Center of ' Return Tapping*. Inche* j Height of Fire Box to Crown, Inches | I Height, Crate to Middle of Feed I Door, Inches ' j Size of Feed Door, Inches 22 47 28 ' 50 34 54 47 59 12 57 14 64Vt 16 68 24 73 II II II 12 40 19 22 16 9x17 45 . 19'/2 24 18 9x17 52 20 26 18 11x17 61 26 18 2-10x17 47 in. Series Economy Smokeless Boiler Showing Access for Clean ing . Number 'Rating sSS* Ratings and Dimensions ECONOMY SMOKELESS BOILERS Steam Pattern tTappings Supply and Return - Minimum Chimney Dimensions Size Flue Inches Height Feet Size of Crate Inches Additional Area of Side Crate fingers Sq. In. 80-22 90-22 100-22 80-28 90-28 100-28 90-34 100-34 110-34 120-34 130-34 140-34 150-34 90-47 100-47 . 110-47 120-47 130-47 140-47 150-47 160-47 170-47 160-47 190-47 200-47 210-47 1700 2000 2300 2450 2800 3150 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 . 8300 9300 10300 11300 12300 13300 14300 15300 16300 17300 18300 19300 20300 3-3'/2* 3-3w 3-3'/2* 2-3i/2* 2-3'/,* 2-3'/$* 3-4* 3-4 T 3-4T 2-4* 2-4' ' 2-4* . 3-5* 3-5* 3-5* 3-5' 3-5* 3-5* 3-5* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* 2-5* .2-5* 2-5' 3-6" 2-6*. 3-6* 2-6* 3-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* . 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* 4-6* 2-6* . 12x12 12x12 12x16 16x16 16x16 16x16 16x16 16x20 20x20 20x20 : 20x20 20x24 ` 20x24 24x24 24x24 24x24 24x26 24x28 24x28 28x28 28x28 28x32 28x32 28x32 32x32 32x32 40 45 50 40 45 50 50 ` 50 55 55 60 60 60 ' 60 65 70 . . 70 75 75 80 85 90 95 100 1n0o5 22x32 22x40 22x48 28x32 28x40 . 28x46 34x40 34x48 34x56 34x64 34x64 34x64 34x72 47x50 47x60 47x60 47x60 47x70 47x70 47x70 47x70 47x70 47x80 47x80 47x80 47x80 380 432 484 432 . 484 536 529 580 632 684 684 664 736 677 742 742 742 607 807 807 807 807 872 872 872 872 . `Judgment should be used in fitting the boiler to a job. As an example: Do not attach a short boiler to a relatively high stack, or a long boiler to a relatively low stack. Suit the boiler to the job. . tThe Economy line of boilers does not require a header. Plug and bush tappings to size of mains. 307 International Healer Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/rrion/iL He/tter Coop/my No. 8-47 Steam Pattern jfccOJVOMY No. 28-6 Water Pattern SECTIONAL fiOIUERS Steam Pattern Water Pattern No. Rating Sq. Ft. Size of Grate Inches Additional Area of Side Grate Fingers Sq. In. Size of Smoke Flue Inches Supply pings 4--19 750 5-19 1000 6-19 1250 19x24 19x32 19x40 308 9 360 . 9 412 9 2-3" 2-3' 2-3' 4-22 850 5-22 1100 6-22 1350 7-22- 1600 22x24 22x32 22x40 22x48 328 380 432 484 to 2-3%' 10 2-3%' 10 2-3%' 10 .2-3'%' 5-28 6-28 7-28 8-28 1400 1750 2100 2450 28x32 28x40 28x48 28x56 432 484 536 588 12 2-4' 12 2-4' 12 3-4' 12 3-4' 5-34 6-34 7-34 8-34 9-34 10-34 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 34x32 34x40 34x48 34x56 34x64 34x72 476 528 580 632 684 736 16 2-5' 16 2-5' 16 3-5' 16 3-5' 16 3-5' 16 3-5' 6-47 7-47 8-47 9-47 10--47 5300 6300 7300 8300 9300 47x50 47x60 47x70 47x80 47x90 677 742 807 872 937 20 2-6' 20 2-6' 2200 3-6' 3-6' 20 3-6' Return Tap. pings 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3%' 22--3yv%s' 2-3/!' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-5* 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' 2-6' No. Rating Sq. FL Size of Grate Inches Additional Area of Side Grate Fingers Sq. In. Size of Smoke Rue Inches Supply Tap pings 19-4 1250 19-5 1650 19-6 2050 19x24 19x32 19x40 308 360 412 9 1-3' 9 2-3' 9 2-3' 22-4 22-5 22-6 22-7 1400 1600 2200 2600 22x24 22x32 22x40 22x48 326 380 432 484 10 2-3%' 10 2-3%' 10 2-3'A' 10 2-3'A' 28-5 28-6 28-7 28-8 2300 2900 3500 4100 28x32 28x40 28x48 28x56 432 484 536 588 12 2-4' 12 2-4' 12 3-4' 12 3-4' 34-5 '3300 34-6 4100 34-7\ 4900 34-8 5800 34-9 6600 34-10 7400 34x32 34x40 34x48 34x56 34x64 34x72 476 528 580 632 684 736 16 2-5' 16 2-5' 16 3-5' 16 3-5' 16 3-5' 16 3-5' 47-6 8750 47-7 10400 47-8 12050 47-9 13700 47-10 15350 47x50 47x60 47x70 47x80 47x90 677 742 807 872 937 20 2-6' 20 2-6' 20 3-6' 20 3-6' 20 3-6' Return Tap ping! 2-3' .2-3' 2-3' 2-3'A' 2-3'A' 22--33''A/!'' 2-4' 2-4' . 4-4' 4-4' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 4-5' 4-5' 4-5' 2-6' 2-6' 4-6' 4-6' 4-6' SERIES 19* 22' 28* 34' 47' Height of Water Line............ 44' 47' vr 54' Height to Supply Outlets.__ 53' 57' 62%' 68' Ada to height for Trimmings. 9' 11' 1 r 11' ' Width of Ashpit.................... 27' 29'/.' 35' Width of Boiler, including y toy,' 59' 73' 12* 53' Trimmings.......................... 35' 40' 45' 52' 61' Height from Floor to Center of Return Tappings.......... 18' 19* 19%' TSf Height of Fire Box to Crown 22'- 22' 24' 26' W Height.-Grate to Middle of _ Feed Door..................... 16' 16' 18' 18' 18' Sue of Feed Door............ 9x14' 9x17' 9x17' 11x21' 2-10x17' SERIES 19' 22' 28' 34' 47' Height to Supply Outlets.... 50* 54' 59" 68' 73' 33' 36' 42' 48' 59* Height from Floor to Center or Return Tappings............ 18' 19' 19'/,' 20* 21 w Height of Fire Box to Crown. 22' 22' 24' 26' 26' Height. Grate to Middle of Feed Door................ 16' 16' 18' 18' 1 18' Size of Feed Door................... 9x14' 9x17' 9x17' 11x21' 2-10x17 Width of Ashpit...................... 27' 29y,' 35' <oy.' 53' 308 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/rrion/iL He/tter Co-op/my ECONOMY ROUND BOILERS These Boilers are designed to meet the most rigid demands for economical heating. The carburetor principle of combustion is embodied in the design, also the positive cross fire travel, an exclusive feature of Economy Round Boilers. Have deep firepot section, positive circulation, ample steam dome, individual cleanout doors, and side draft door. Equipped with patented herring-bone triangular grate or flat grate for soft coal and the small sizes of anthracite coal. Made in twenty-one sizes, 16 to 30 in. grate diameters. Steam ratings 350 to 1475 ft. of radiation, corresponding sizes for water. See Catalog 1746-G for additional data. Economy Round Water Data on ECONOMY ROUND BOILERS Steam Pattern . Water Pattern . Rating Sq. Ft. \ Height to Height Tamings .Flow Outlet Water-line Suoply and Inches Inches Return Number . Rating Sq. Ft. Height to Flow Outlet Inches Jt*'. Supply and Return 3E16 and 32EI6 4EI6 and 42EI6 5E16 and 52EI6 3EI8 and 32E18 4EI8 and 42E18 SEI8 and 52EI8 B22I and B222I B32I and B322I B42I and B4221 B224 and B2224 B324 and B3224 B424 and B4224 B524 and B5224 B227 and B2227 B327 and B3227 B427 and B4227 B527 and B5227 B230 and B2230 B330 and B3230 B430 and B4230 B530 and B5230 300 320 340 350 390 430 360 435 500 475 550 625 675 600 700 . 600 675 875 1020 1150 1250 45 49 53 45 49 53 46% 50% 50/2 47% 52% 56% 61'/, 50 - . 54% 88 52% * 58 63'A 68'/2 41 45 49 41 45 49 43% 47% m 44% 49 53% 58 46% 51 55% 60% m. 58 63% 1-2%' 1-2%' 1-2%' 1-2%' 1-2%' 1-2/5' 2-2%' 2-2%' 2-2/5' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3%' 2-3/5' 2-3%' 2-3/5' 2-4' 2-4'2-4' 2-4' I6E3 and I6E32 I6E4 and I6E42 I6E5 and I6E52 I6E3 and 18E32 I8E4 and 18E42 16E5 and 18E52 B2I2 and B2I22 B2I3 and B2I32 B2I4 and B2142 B242 and B2422 B243 and B2432 B244 and B2442 B245 and B2452 B272 and B2722 B273 and B2732 B274 and B2742 B275 and B2752 B302 and B3022 B303 and B3032 B304 and B3042 B305 and B3052 500 88 540 580 . 48% 600 W/f 650 44% 700 48% 625 42% 725 46% 825 - : 50% 800 '43% 925 48 1050 52% 1175 57 1025 1175 1325 1475 88 55 59% 1475 1700 1925 2100 48 53% f 1-2%' 1-2%' !:f 1-2%' 2-2%' 2-2%' 2-2/i' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3* 2-3* 2-3%' 2-3/5' 2-3/i' 2-3/5' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' SERIES ' 16' 18' 21' 24'^ ... 2ir 30' 221/2' Height. Floor to Center Return Tappings............................................... Extreme Width of Firepot Section........:................................................ 22'/,' 25%' 15%' 7' 23' 29* 16' 9* 26%' 32'' 17' 9* 28%' 35' 17%' 10* 32%', 39* j7%' 10* 35' 309 International Heater Company Boilers and Furnaces InTERn/rrion/iL He/jter Coop/rny Carton Furnace INTERNATIONAL CARTON FURNACE The International Carton Furnace is a sturdy, powerful heater made entirely of heavy cast iron with but five principal castings used in its as semblage. It is very economical in the use of any fuel com monly used for heating purposes because of its self cleaning radiator. Deep sealed cup joints are provided wherever castings join. The base and lower casing ring are in one piece, feed chute and combustion chamber are cast as a unit, and the ashpit is in one piece. Has patented herring-bone triangular grate, large double feed door, and roomy ashpit. . Made in six sizes. Firepot diameters 20 to 33 in. Casing diameters 40 to 60 in. Complete Catalog 1563-G sent on request. ' INTERNATIONAL BARONET FURNACE The International Baronet Furnace is a heavily constructed, medium priced, modern Heater--attractive in appearance, carefully mounted and fitted. ; Furnished with specially designed, one-piece cast radiator (egg shaped in cross section), or steel radiator as desired. Fitted with patented herring-bone triangular revolving grate hung in drop frame assembled without bolts or cotter pins. Large double feed door, coil openings, deep ashpit, two-piece firepot --corrugated outside, smooth inside--one-piece feed chute, and combustion dome. Made in seven sizes for hard or soft coal. Firepot diameters 16 to 28 in., casing diameters 30 to 52 in. Send for Catalog 1270-G giving complete data. Onepipe Heater INTERNATIONAL ONEPIPE HEATER The International Onepipe Heater is designed to deliver large volumes of warm air through one register-correctly pro portioned to firepot diameter. The castings with the exception of special Hanged front are the same as those used in the Baronet Furnace. Heavy galvanized casings. Inner casing triple lined with heavy asbestos and corrugated tin. Both casings extend down to the rings which are integral with the base. . Top is adjustable to various heights without cutting. Furnished with cast or steel radiator for hard or soft coal. Firepot diameters 16 to 24 in. Casing diameters 36 to 50 in., register sizes 24 x 24 in. to 40 x 40 in. Complete data in Catalog 1610-G. Special Types for Warming and Ventilating School Houses. Send forBulletins 1505-G and 1757-G. . Boilers Kewanee Boiler Company Kewanee, Illinois BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES Steel Heating and Power Boilers, Water Heating Garbage Burners, Tabasco Heaters, Tanks and Radiators___________ VfcwAMF* Piberox Kewanee Firebox Boilers represent 35 years of j\tWANts> intensive study and effort to make the highest Ei9iL6R-Bridfc-<-/or Heating grade equipment for heating buildings. adapted to the burning of any grade of fuel and will maintain high efficiency when operating to supply the variable demands of a heating load. KEWANE.E. SM9KLSS The rated capacity is the amount of direct radiation that the boiler will carry with a finng B?iler -Portable-for Heating interval of three to four hours depending upon the grade of fuel used. No discount in rating is ad vised as reserve capacity has been allowed to care for the most severe weather conditions. Kewanee Boilers are built of steel (riveted) using as a minimum basis the rules of construction adopted by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, of direct radiation or equivalent which the boiler will carry, if sufficient radiation is installed to heat the building to 70 degrees. - .. known as the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code. The ratings are based on a standard for Ratings The rated capacity of Kewanee Boilers, as shown, is the number of square feet steam of 2 lb. pressure at the boiler, and for water on a mean temperature of 180 deg. fahr. as the water leaves the boiler. Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers oN 3:^R3SS?S'0gS=S*=a252g2SS223|2| gN -r-tao -- J ;s=ss-3P3SSS:SS33lsl ||^a2SSSR?^-rs:=3S2a=::2S5S2232:|S| 117 118 |g^sgRSSE--S=SX2|1SSR--23=|S| ic ||rS2SSSS''''Sa23S2R=;S|=E3S2|3=gS| g?-:53gssg-'''<=3S2a222*"S'"ss=p| MISO' 2 ** -- <N -- *** ~ |g-.3;5SSsa,'"'ms=RS=s2S22S5S"|23iE| . eft r g2?3ssss''"'ms<>;s5-sgsl5:s"!:i"SS3|?S R -- ---- |S^2sKRS'0-rgF!0'95=S=S53:s!5!R'"3:SS|S| 111 o |35" JSRSS'0gfi3's2a2g2=3?5533gs| |sr!?|sigss--ga'SK<"s2s3S5fas''SS3|i| 105 1 g^r!?2gsgS'o',~a^sR't2s3=|s:a,'23S|I| f> -- -- .. 8S^32SSSS--a-RR''a-sxsss,'SSSli| 'NS'<6 J \ -- sA * "* gS'r.gi7ggs-""='s-:'?'R33S:R!:!,'SS3Ssl sr" = -- ~ gs~g325SE'0m"a0'a?;0'=:"!::S3;R;Sa''333sl ONl> " N |^52SK"'-^:<"sa-2''RS|Rsa''3SS|S| o *j c e c c c c d S.S.S.S.S.S.5.S.6.S.5.S.2.S.5.5.S : : : ' : : : 107 I 108 1 109 [ Foundation not included.'' h 'Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers ||^K2S3:Sr--3SRRH2SS32882SJ=SSS!gS!SS8|g| iiSK5ss,R"'f!SHS!-;8^=S!s:s"=ss:|R-s|Ss! ^SSS=SSa2SS=S2SoSSiRtTSp5s P2s5S2?s"0'-S5S-~sS|3-a=ss;saRRS!Ssg S^S2RKSgr'""r< !5^S|!:!SSSr'",S=33S2S:Sff8S2a2aSRRStSgS= |l^x5SSS,""S2;SSS',5S?2IS22:SSSSK=!f2|S |l^SESS!s;2r'''m2RSS'0S?25S22f;SSSa:f3S!SS? | |s.?|ssss''"'"gss RsgsssHsssRRsasaK ss f-gSSSSRS--SzKS I |S""Sa:fR:S'0'rg2?S R52K3;SeRR3a22S ss jjjjgT5!3!SS'0'rgRSS RRSRS222RSgS:rS 23 g6i*3a*s|3^!?2S5ss;- *"SR RftSS3S222=R5|S!22ft 2? RR^SSS222RS^Si3-' 2g |^iS5SSSS'0'?"<>?!? SR33?S222Sa5iR223 32 ' SR2RSSH2SR3S!3=3 S3 t Kewanee Boiler Company Boilers s |R2R2ssssss--a=ss||3S2S=a23|| a |R32sss??e"'i'rs=ssa5|as22=ag2| I2 s2!2assRR*'gs=ss2ga2R23=!gg3gs t> sIIS^S^RgSSRg-^^SSBgSSSSSR^SII I|S2g^RSssRS'',n5S2Ssi3S3!:!25=S23i| i2 |S^aRgSSRS'""'"S=3S3R3R23_g33|g ssgR2assgss'"/'"B=s?s3S3S"3"S33gg d a t fro n t o f B o ile r.. T h is provides au 2 S22R8*RS,'~^=*3S3S3S"5"XSSg! 2 |5HVaaRSRS>''"ga-*sssga*`-R33|s 2 |5Ra^aasssg^'rgao'S5S233a"2<!f31|i 2 |s<^aas3Rss-''~ao'??gg35H"3"i3|| o> |ags^asssas''r~a'SftS23f!''3<!:!5S|g |32=s23aag'"'-~a-?!ss3f5;a,'3',>33ss - [f!c *^=-?sa2~"~-~5"fc3sS=~:rs3:Sgf n|S0'2222?aa''"^:^SRR=Sa=,'j;"!2S|| \i|SgS52HS3-'^^R=a-,'^"^X|l n |R?:-ias*--^:<>'sasaKS2'"3">siSs '}|Sg5r22SS2-<SR-S!SR3K3=',,2"gSa|| N tl|s=rRRS223g5RO'aag3S-'<,A"RSS|s - N u m b e r o f B o ile r ..............................................1 tM^NMNNMU- Mil Nip!jj.S^i!.S.SJ:.Ej*.si.S.E.E.S.E.s.E.E-E.s.s.E ': :.S.S : M; M M yj| n;N n mhi:.sm: uii Pill ililllii^ iJlfJlJJllT IT 1 1 I^J M M i 317 Foundations not included. N o t h -- A Firi Lebanon Boiler Worlds Boilers Lebanon Boiler Works J. K. PETTY & CO., Inc., Proprietors 1242 Buttonwood Street - Lebanon, Pa. - Sales Offices 39 Cortlandt St., N. Y. Harrison Bldg., Philadelphia Boilers THE WM. H. PAGE BOILER CO. General Office: 58 West 40th Street, NEW YORK Branches: 123 Beverly Street, Boston Rose Building, Cleveland 1718 Sansom Street, Philadelphia Factory: Meadville, Pa. . . Manufacturerm of a Complete Line of Round and Square Steam and Hot Water Boilere L-O Oil Burning Setting Lebanon L-O Boiler Steam Radiation Capacity Blr No. L-21 L-22 L-23 L-24 L-25 L-26 L-27 L-28 L-29 L-210 L-211 Shell Dimensions WxHxL 44" x 61 "x 8'-3 50" x 68" x 9'-0" 56" x 74" x lO'-Q" 62" x 80" x l0'-0" 62" x 82" x l2'-0" 68" x 87" x 11'-0" 68" x 87" x 13'--0n 68" x 93" x I3,-0" 74 x 95" x l4'-0" 74"x 99"xl5,-0" 74" i 103" x !6'-0" Steam Radiation (Sq. Ft.) 4100 5600 7800 10200 12600 15100 17700 20100 22900 26200 30700 Built alto in Power Type front IS to SO H. P. Lebanon "Rediset" H. R. T. Boiler. High Pressure and Heating up to 400 H. 'P..Units . 318 "Lebanon Improved" H. R. T-. Boiler Brickset Type : Monarch Up-Draft Smokeless Monarch Regular Type, Sectional View jMonarch Sectional Steam and Water Boilers Dimensions and Ratings -1 | S* _S f.Etu jj.ELi. l z (jrSJT Size of < Inches Area of Sq. Ft. Height All. lr Steam W id th All, In Steam W idth All, In Water Total I Inches d JlO Jl <5-5 Ji *3 is! M C 1 13 ^ ,1 ss fc C -s . II&.S cn<L 604 850 605 1075 606 1300 607 1525 608 1750 650 22x20 850 22x26% 1050 22x32V* 1250 22*39'/s 1450 22x45% 3.06 4.03 5.00 5.98 6.95 60% 60% 60'/, 39% 39'/. 39% 391/* 391/* 52 52 52 52 52 35 34 41 2-3 10 35 40Va 41 2-3 to 35 . 46% 41 2-3 10 35 53% 41 2-3 10 35 59% 41 2-3 10 504 . 505 1600 2050 1200 1600 28x2414 28x33'/s 4.82 6.45 73 73 45% ' 45% SB 41 41 43>/, 51 2-5 13 52 51 2-5 13 506 2500 2000 28x41% 8.07 73 45% 64% 41 60% 51 2-5 13 507 2950 2400 28x49% 9.70 73 451/4 64% 41 68% 51 2-5 13 508 3400 509 3850 2800 3200 28x58V* 28x66% 11.32 12.% 73 73 45% 45% 64% 64% 41 41 77>/. 51 2-5 13 51 2-5 13 510 4300 3600 28x66% 14.58 73 45% 64% 41 93% 51 2-5 13 511 4750 4000 16.21 73 45% 64% 41 102% 51 2-5 13 512 5200 4400 2flx66V8 17.84 , 73 45'/, 64'/, 41. IIOVb 51 2-5 13 405 3400 406 . 4200 407 5000 408 5800 409 6600 410 7400 411 8200 412 9000 413 . 9800 414 10600 415 11400 .416 12200 . 2400 3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6600 7200 7800 8400 9000 40x33'/b 40x41% 40x49% 40x58% 40x66Va 40x75 40x83% 40x9 iy* 40x915/* 40x9 P/i 40x9 P/* 40x9P/* 9.20 H.52 13.85 16.18 18.50 20.82 23.13 25.50 27.81 30.14 32.47 34.79 81 61 61 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 59% IV/i 55 52 58 2-5 21 591/* 55 I59% 59% 55 55 59% 59% 7722%%. 55 55 60% 58 2-5 21 68% 58 2-5 21 SB 58 58 2-5 2-5 21 21 93% 58 2-5 21 59% 72% 55 102% 58 3-5 21 59'/* TVh 55 uo% 58 3-5 21 59*/* n'/f 55 119 58 3-5 21 59'/, nh 55 127% 58 3-5 21 59% 72% 55 135% 58 3-5 21 591/4 72V, 55 144% 58 3-5 21 Monarch Boilers are built in conformity with the Boiler Code of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 'Commercial Ratings, as given, are derived from tests made in accordance with the American Societt op Heattnq and Ventilating Engineers' Low-Pressure Boiler Code, Revision of 1924. Page Safe Ratings are conservatively made, derived from careful and exhaustive tests, during years of service under every condition--which proved their safety--and are based on an 8-hour firing period. Ratings are based on a standard of 2 lb. pressure maintained at the boiler for steam and 180 deg. for hot water. . All piping (mains and risers, flows and returns) is to be figured as radiating surface in addition to the direct and indirect radiation attached to same. - .. (Bridgewall sections are furnished for shortening grates. Grate areas as given above are for entire length of boilers, but unless otherwise ordered, bridgewall section will be dipped with boilers larger than No. 509 and No. 412 to reduce grate to length in table of dimensions. tThese,boilers can also be furnished with header connections, and in both up-draft and down-draft smokeless types. National Radiator Company Boilers and Radiators National Radiator Company General Offices: JOHNSTOWN, PA. New York, 47 W. 42nd Street Philadelphia. 121 N. Broad Street Baltimore. 2622 Frisby Street Washington, 1228 H Street Johnstown. Pa. New York . New Rochelle Cleveland Branches Richmond. 1538 E. Cary Street Pittsburgh, 1402 Arrott Building Cleveland, 6308 Kinsman Road '' Cincinnati. Suite 826-827 Union Central Building Chicago, 1038 S. Kolmar Ave. - Plants New Castle, Pa. Trenton, N. J. Warehouses Baltimore Cincinnati Washington ' Chicago Richmond Manufacturers . National. Smokeless, Novus Upright and Sectional, Acme Round, Radium Gas and Hot Water Supply Boilers, also Aero Radiators. . Window Radiator Patents Applied For ' AEI^O PADIATOI5S The Aero Radiator was designed by Engineers with more than 30 years experience in radiator manufacture. In the Aero line is represented a real effort to simplify the multiplicity of radiator patterns' and heights. Large buildings are now warmed' with the more modern, efficient, eco nomical and easily controlled vapor and vacuum systems. These neces sitate the use of a radiator pattern with top and bottom nipple connection-- the type known as a water section. The demand for the straight steam section, with bottom nipple connection only, is consequently negligible. The Aero Radiator is made in one type only--the top and bottom nipple connected section. It is tapped top and bottom.both ends. The top tappings are plugged and the bottom tappings bushed to size required. AU radiators are vented for both steam and hot water: 'One vent is plugged. Any Aero Radiator can be used for either'steam, hot water or vapor. Aero Radiators are made in three patterns--Three, Five and Seven Column. A total of 16 heights composes the entire line. Roughing-in measurements are standard. All sections measure 2>j in. from center to center. ` . The Three-Column pattern is 5J6 in', wide, the Five-Column pattern 8H in. wide and the Seven-Column pattern 12 in. With these widths and standard roughing-in measurements they can be used on any standard specification. ' '' ' Aero radiators are sold at the same price as standard radiation. 320 National Radiator Company Boilers and Radiators P ip e ' 11 Patented Sectional View LIST PRICES AND RATING 1 Size Smoke 1 i Outlets No. j and Size Number i - Grates ,,S Size Steam Water 4-B Rating Rating u z Grate Area sq. ft. Com bustion Height Height Cham Water Top Height Includ- ber Line Outlets TmL Area Inches Inches q. ft. Width Boiler Inches Width Length Includ Includ- ing Trim SmoLe- mings hood Inches Inches Size Base Inches | 25- 9 75-10 79-11 25-12 7575 2825 3125 3425 4175 9 4675 10 5175 II 5675 12 5 6.11 6 7.27 7 8.43 8 9.59 3.48 3.48 3.48 3.48 11-9 31-10 31-11 31-12 31-13 3625 4050 4475 4900 5325 5975 6675 7375 8075 8775 9 10 11 12 13 5 8.55 6 10.24 7 11.93 6 13.62 9 1531 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 5.07 36- 9 36-lfl 36-11 36-17 36-13 36-14 36-15 36-16 5125 8475 57*1 950C 6375 I0.52S 700C II.55C 7675 12,575 625C I3.60C 8675 14,625 9500 15,650 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 5 11.50 6 13.75 7 16.00 8 16.25 9 20.50 9 20.50 10 22.75 10 22.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 930 9.50 12.25 48- 9 9200 15,100 48-1C 10,325 16.95C 48-11 11.45C I8.80C 48-11 12,575 20,65< 48-1: I3.70C 22,5a 48-14 14,825 24.35C 8 26.2a 281050 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 5 18.23 6 21.78 7 2533 8 28.88 9 32.43 9 32.43 10 10 $8 10.65 10.65 10.65 10.65 10.65 1430 1 49 49 49 49 52 52 52 52 52 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60% 60'/, 68 68 68 68 68 68 8 57% 57% 57V. 57'/. 61 61 61 61 61 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 60 80 80 80 s 65% 65% 65V, 65*/. 36% 36% 36'/, W. 40% 403/* 403/4 403/4 71% 71% 71% 71% 71'/. 50 50 50 . .50 50 54 54 54 54 i 54 78%, 56 ' 78% . 56 78*/, 56 783/4 56 78*/, 56 783/4 56 783/4 56 78% 56 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 89 67 71 89 67 . 71 89 67 71 89 67 71 69 67 71 89 67 71 S ?! 89 74% !!? 8f% 95% 27%x 60% 3-4* 27%x67% 3-4' gy74*/. 3-4' 27%. 81% 3-4' 12 12 12 12 79'/, 33%. 65'/, 3-5' 15 86 33%, 74 3-5' 15' 951/2 33%. 81% 3-5* 15 103 333/4* 89. 3-5* 15 110% 33%. 96% 3-5* 15 w% 95% 104% * *7% 121 129% 137% 146% 41%* 73'/; 3-5* 41%. 81% 3-5* 41%. 90% 3-5* 41%. 98% y-y 41%*107 4-5* 41/l153/6 4r-Y 413/5*1233/4 4-5' 413/5*132% 4-5' 16. 16: 16 16 16 16 16 16 1091/4 119% 130% 141% 15|J/* 162% !g% 53%. 89i/, 3-6' 20 53%, 99% 3-6' 20 53%I10% 4-6' -20 53Vb*121% 4-6' 20 53y5*131% 5-6* 20 53%.I42% 5-6* 20 53%,153 5-Y 20 533/5,1633/8 5-6* 20 The National Up*Draft Smokeless Boiler will conform to any smoke ordinance. Burning smoke depends upon the temperature to which the air discharged over the fire is preheated. The National Preheating Air device heats air to in excess of 1000 deg. It is discharged into the smoke and gases as they pass over the Refractory Bridge wall into the Combustion Chamber. '' The National Smokeless Boiler wilt clear to the No. 1 Smoke Screen in from 10 to 15 seconds and to a clear stack in less than one minute after firing a charge of green coal. National Smokeless boilers show an average increase of 28 per cent in evaporation on the same fuel charge and consequently are very economical in operation. The volume of preheated air necessary to burn smoke varies with the state of com bustion. The air should be gradually decreased and cut off almost completely during a period of about 20 minutes from the time fuel is charged. Unless this.is done the preheated air has a tendency to#chill rather than increase the gas temperatures and the boiler efficiency and evaporation is decreased. The Sylph-Oil Regulator operates the Preheating Air .Device automatically and positively can be regulated to close the air intake in any time from one half-a minute to one hour after fuel is charged. .- 321 Boilers OilCittBoilerWorks^? Oil Citi/ New York. N. Y.. 501 Fifth Ave. Detroit, Mich., 715 Donovan Bldg. Philadelphia, Pa.. 1043 Real Estate Trust Bldg.- San Francisco. Calif., 417 Market St. Pittsburch, Pa., 1116 House Bldg. Atlanta, Ga., 315 Glenn Bldg. Chicago, III., 19 W. Jackson Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif., 1003 Union Bank Bldg. Baltimore, Md., Dukehart Bldg. Denver, Colo., 1621 Fifteenth St. Indianapolis, Ind., 321 Ni Pennsylvania Ave. Cincinnati, O., S.W. Cor. 3rd and Walnut Sts. Richmond, Va., American National Bank Bldg. "Oil City" Direct Draft Boiler ' "Oil City" Smokeless Boiler "OIL CITY" low pressure boilers are offered to the trade as the last word in "Heating Economy" comprising in-one unit all the elements of a modern plant for steam or hot water heating, especially adapted for Schools, Office Buildings, Hotels, Churches, Club Houses, Hospitals or for any purpose where the service of a universally recognized fire box boiler of high merit is desired. "OIL CITY" boilers are designed and constructed to meet all requirements of modern engineering as formulated by the A merican Society of Mechanical Engineers, the boiler laws of the various states and cities, and are backed by 35 years of suc cessful practical experience. Description--"OIL CITY" boilers are built in smokeless and straight draft types for portable and brick, settings, self con tained with all steel construction thor oughly braced, stayed, inspected, and tested for 15 lb. working pressure. These boilers have large fire boxes thereby insuring ample combustion space in which heat-giving gases and air freely mix before entering tubes. The arrangement of tubes in relation to shell allows free circulation of water at all times, together with large steam space, insuring dry steam and steady water level. All parts of the boiler are made ac cessible for cleaning by the use of man holes, handholes, and wash-out plugs. Ratings--Ratings are very conservative, only such parts of the boiler coming in actual contact with passage of the hot gases, and lying below the zone of normal water level being considered as heating surface. Equipment--Equipment with all boilers includes, in addition to complete set of shaking grates, all the necessary castings, 'safety valves, steam gauge, water column, etc., required for a complete installation. Oil Fired--Where oil is used exclusively we recommend our new Series 9000 Port able Return Tubular Fire Box Oil Burning Boiler. Complete specifications and measurements shown in Circular H-18. Every "OIL CITY" boiler bears the official stamp of the A. S. M. E. Boiler Code, indicating the pressure at which the boiler may be worked. At a small increase in cost "OIL CITY" boilers are furnished, braced and stayed, for a safe working pressure of 100 lb. Complete specifications, measurements and weights shown in Catalog H-9. SPECIFICATIONS AND GENERAL DIMENSIONS ON NEXT PAGE. 322 Oil City Boiler Works Boilers Settling Plan and Measurements ."Oil City" Heating Boilers . 70x&p apcrr /cttix pcxttj "Oil City" Smokeless 607 606 609 6/0 6// 6/6 6/3 6/4 6/5 6/6 6/7 6/6 6/9 660 66/ 676 663 664 rm ixn 4000 *500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7500 6500 axe am am #m am axxo Tsax JOOCO *rr? tn7 oar> 7400 6X0 9X0 9900 OKX 17400 49000 6X0 '5X0 75X0 {6400 46 46 46 59 S4 54 60 60 60 60 66 66 65 76 65 9-/ 47-5 ITS X-O //-// 17-11 17-11 15-11 U-J K-J 6-9 ITS s6-7 .5-7 J-9 4-7 [55 J-9 4-7 4-7 4-0 4-4 *-9 4-y 6-0 5-0 5-9 s-e 6-5 74 19 T9 tf /9 ~f9 77* 77* 77* 77X 73 75 7/ 71 7/ 76 76 66 67 67 67 67 90 JO 96 96 70 TO TO 75 75 75 6-5 4f 6-3 6-5 6-n J-H !4 /4 /4 (4 a /4 !7 /7 /7 /7 17 /y t7 6 6 6 6 6 6 r 7 7 7 6 6 6 a 6 <3 X 4 4 4 4 4 45 5 55 0 * * 6 6 0,9 et>* A.X 0.47 0*47 0.47 (8.46 <7f.4f S.JO O.JV fTS4 1754 !7.tO 77 77 77 74 74 74 66 76 63 65 JO 57 54 x X JO 54 54 54 50 JO 40 40 44 46 JO 50 TV 70 70 77 77 77 74 74 76 76 TO JO 57 57 54 TO 77 61 J/ 5/ 5/ 54 54 56 56 a 47 54 X Sf if 55 55 60 60 60 65 65 65 TO X 67 64 65 65 65 60 /V X 75 75 75 60 60 60 SO 76 66 66 65 63 65 57 57 57 57 55 55 57 "Oil City" Direct Draft Type 397 906 909 9/0 9// 9/6 9/3 9/4 9/319/6 9/7 9/0 9/9 960 96/\966 S63 X4 59 Sr txo 7400 7X0 4000 4X0 XOft 5500 6000 xod\<sox> 3600 txoo 15000 5000 /7500 ant 75000 am JnTr 400 4600 3800 6600 AW7 turn 1X0 5300 0600 5600 6X7 6600 0500 '4800 8SS& 37000 vmo axo H 40 44 46 34 34 54 60 60 60 66 66 66 76 76 76 76 64 64 Fr*to a-7 5-6 ll-l 0-0 ll-l in 6-5 0-7 14-4 A6-7 /S-J IT 4 15-11 /7-6 17-11 15-1/ 704 77-/ Fri>nt j-ii 4-) 4-0 6-7 4-5 4-1 4-7 4-H 5-11 6-5 6-5 7-7 6-3 6-5 6-6 7-// 7-7 5-7 tn /9- /9 /9 IS /9 /9 77* 77* 77* 77* 63 75 63 65 65 75 63 75 a 7! Frfto 7-0 7/ 7-0 7/ 76 76 76 67 67 67 67 50 50 56 56 57 57 05 05 TO 7-5 T5 7-5 6-5 6-5 6-5 6-3 6-// 6-// 5-3 9-5 9-7 9-7 X-/ 04 toFrtto A* 6t 6 4 /4 6 4 /4 6 4 /4 /4 /4 e 66 444 /7 77 77 55 /7 7 5 /7 77 17 766 56 6 77 T7 t7 666 666 /7 /7 6a 66 T7 X a fir# X.X Qr47 0.47 0.47 n,9^ Vh* 066 an6 5.50 5*50 17,59 I7,J> >y*ec <7M <2*4 064 toJ* 77 77 74 74 74 76 76 66 76 JO 56 59 J4 56 36 40 2*. in 30 X 34 14 14 X 56 40 40 44 46 50 50 56 36 56 56 66,Q7? 7V C4ff X7fX POOGJ to*t TO <x Ft X Ft on to 76 777 70 77 77 77 74 74 76 76 66 30 76 76 3/ .3/ i 34 54 36 56 X 47 X if 53 55 60 60 60 65 65 65 TV 60 65 65 65 X X X 75 75 75 60 76 76 TO 03 03 56 37 56 56 35 55 56 56 54 34 J5 40 46 46 46 48 59 54 X X 60 30 SO TOO 60 60 90 zoo xo 7X 57 57 X 40 43 45 Boilers and Heating Specialties Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. 41 East 42nd St. NEW YORK CITY Factories: Eastwood, Syracuse and Oswego. N. Y.; Huntingdon, Pa.; Zanesville, O. Branch Offices: . New York, Brooklyn, Syracuse, Newark, Worcester, Boston, Philadelphia, Detroit, New London, Pittsburgh Cast iron water boilers 100 to 23,450 sq. ft. capacity. Cast iron steam boilers 325 to 14,200 sq. ft. capacity. Firebox heating boilers, ' capacity steam radiation 2,500 to 25,000 sq. ft.; capacity .water radiation 4,000 to 40,000 sq. ft. Radiators--all types. The Pierce*American Boiler A 30-year record of proved successful performance Sizes and Dimensions No.* Sec tions Length BOILER AND headers Wkhh Height Height Water Line on S.B. No. and Size. Outlets No. and Size. Returns Smoke PipeDis Size of Flue Chimney Height CAPACITY SQ. FT. Steam Water Boilers Boilers $214 4 47 45 215 5 55 45 56% 56$ 40% 40% 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 9% 10x10 30 10x10 30 600 1000 600 1325 216 6 63 45- 56% <0% 2-3 2-3 10x10 35 1000 1650 265 266 267 268 325 326 327 328 329 3210 5 6 7 8 5 ' 6 7 8 9 10 55 63 71 79 55 63 71 79 87 95 51 51 51. 51 59% 59% 59'/. 59% 59i/* 59% 64% 64% 64$ m 67 67 67 67 67 67 <7% 47% 47% 47%. 49 49 49 49 49 49 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-3' , 11% 2-4 U% 2-4 11% 2-4 11% 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-5, 14 14 14 14 14 14 12x12 12x16 12x16 16x16 12x16 12x16 16x16 16x16 16x20 20x20 35 35 40 40 35 40 40 45 50 60 1400 1750 2100 2450 1700 2250 2800 3350 3900 4450 2325 2900 3475 4050 2825 3700 4625 5525 6450 7350 405 406 407 408 409 4010 4011 4012 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 55 63 71 79 87 95 103 III <g/f 66% 66% 66*a % 69% 69% 69% 69% 691/, 69% 69% 69% 51 51 51 51 51 51 SI 51 2-4 2-4 15% 16x16 45 2600 4300 2-5 2-5 \ 15% 16x20 45 3250 5375 2-5 2-5 15% 16x20 50 3900 6450 2-5 2-5 15% 20x20 50 4550 7500 2-5 2-5 15% 20x20 55 5200 8600 ' 2-5 2-5 15% 20x20 55 5850 9650 2-5 2-5 15% 20x20 60 6500 10715 2-5 2-5 if/. 20x24 60 7150 . 11600 466 6 68 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 24x24 65 5400 8925 467 7 76 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% . .24x24 70 6500 : 10725 468 8 84 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 24x24 75 7600 12550 469 9 92 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% \ 24*28 80 8700 14350 46U) 10 100 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 24x28 65 9800 16150 4611 II 108 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 28x28 95 10900 18000 4612 >2 116 79 82 35% 2-6 2-6 19% 28x28 100 12000 19825 4613 13 124 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 28x28 105 13100 21625 4614 14 132 79 82 55% 2-6 2-6 19% 28x32 no 14200 23450 Steam boilers are designated by the letter "S'' before the number, as S-214, S-2L5, etc. Water boilers are designated by the letter "W," as W-214. W-215, etc. All measurements are in inches, except where otherwise noted.. Special sizes or location of tappings can be furnished at prices shown in discount sheet. Blank grates sections for brick fire wall to reduce size of grate wit! be supplied without extra charge with boiler if so ordered. ' . {See page 440,- Valve Section) ' I 324 Boilers Ames Iron Works Division of Pierce, Butler & Pierce Manufacturing Corporation OSWEGO, N. Y. Builders of highest grade Steel Plate Fire Tube Boilers for Power and Heating Our Boilers are built to conform to A. S. M. E. Requirements STANDARD Firebox Boiler with Plain Furnace Our standard lines include Horizontal Tubular, Vertical, Empire Return Tubu lar Portable and Re turn Tubular Portable types of Firebox Heat ing Boilers with both plain and downdraft furnaces, the latter for the smokeless com bustion of bituminous coal. STANDARD Firebox Boiler with Downdraft Furnace These boilers are all built at our Oswego, N. Y. plant where, we have been known throughout the country as one of the leading boiler manufacturers for a period in excess of seventy years. Front View IMPERIAL Firebox Boiler We have standardized on the sizes and types of Steel Plate Firebox Boilers illustrated on the following pages to meet the exacting requirements of archi tects and engineers, and believe that the information given will be found of considerable value in providing location and space in building. 9 When selecting size of boiler to meet specified re quirements please understand that our ratings are safe and conservative. IMPERIAL Firebox Boiler with plain Furnace IMPERIAL Firebox Boiler with Downdraft Furnace SEE FOUR FOLLOWING PAGES FOR DIMENSIONS 325 Ames Iron Worlds Boilers 327 328 329 N u m b e r o f S ite . ...... Capacity Steam Radiation................*q. ft. Crate Area............................................... aq.ft.' Heating Surface............................... w . ft. A --W idth Shell..'...................... . in. B --Length Shell..........................ft. in. .C --Length Over-all.................... D --Depth Smoke Boa Over-all .f.t.. in. in. . . . . . . .E--Height Boiler Only.....................in. F --Height Channel B a te . .in. G --Floor Line to Top Shell............ in. IH --Top Smoke Box to Top Shell, .in. --Height Furnace above Grate*, .in. J --W idth Furnace...........................in. K --Length Furnace..........................tn. L --W idth Channel Base.................. in. M --Length Channel Bate................ in. N --Location R eturn........................ in. O --Floor Line to Bottom Shell... .in. P--Size R eturn................................ in. Q --Size Steam O utlet............. .in. R --Size Pop Valve........................... in. TS----RHeeqiguhirteWd taoteOr-pleinneR...e..a..r..D...o..o..r.s..,....iinn.. Y --'W idth Stack Base......................in. Z --Length Stack Base.....................in. A A --Height Fire Door Opening........ in. B B --W idth Fire Door Opening.........in. C C --Location Rear Pier.................... in. D D --Location Pop Valve...................in. E E --'Location Steam O utlet. . . '........ in. to |JIS25-:s-i::'S!:!S;sSs^""""S3<,'f!^g:KS in. r(N*' S"-gS25-^-RrRS!5!^SR"'"~"S`>'f32RSfJ fnO fi^ JJJ 'P*7 to -- N jrt <?. SQS WfNt -!*-*<N tIoNr tomrw-l,^O'INN --IN-- u---< -- rrrN\ 2------------2-- 2222 2"~22 1 K fr . 8. ~ r> to o -- o rtigS2rt-oS R o*to wj ts j~ ifcft* _ o r ^ 8tsS^*irij"""r~ **'A35*0'0JSfN Wl't'OONNN f-li -- IN -- -- n>|r> s S^5W'fo*^ ^ ? 'sSiW! <; ^ 5? ^ |^lsX3-2-^R"f:;^^R'''a"S8=f3=;s|Rs etog 0to0 12S'23:2:R-s=ss8ssss'f'`'"ss=s!!2sfss 12I5!JJ2:--S=Si8H^S'r'0"a^S=sfs8 <------- t<o goo i5|~7Ksi=SS5SSS*,-'iq^=P!:28SsS to tors 4iA O |3:i!2S2:--^=:SSR^S'--'sl=S!=8K8S! wo^. |^S"33,;:i^-^-"5!R5s^R"''"rsS2R3:sS8S! (N i5s,;53f;^-t-?s;5SH^'0"^s=?=sls 2N-- -- -- 1 130 Boilers S c <* _________________________ Boilers Ames Iron Works Ames Iron Worlds FRANK PR0X COMPANY TERRE HAUTE * INDIANA. Boilers HOT BLAST SMOKELESS Continuous Service Type Boilers Made in ' SIX SERIES Steam Capacities, 1200 to 25,000 sq. ft. Boilers Richardson & Boynton Company New York BOSTON CHICAGO DETROIT ST. LOUIS PROVIDENCE ROCHESTER NEWARK MINNEAPOLIS CLEVELAND PHILADELPHIA BUFFALO PITTSBURG SPRINGFIELD RICHARDSON ROUND BOILER The B-60 Series--Hot Blast Smokeless Duplex Boiler Patent Applied For POINTS Paramount In Choosing Boilers 1-- Continuous Service--Any heating plant will break if carelessly operated. Broken sections in Prox Boilers can be plugged off and heat maintained, avoiding dismissal of school or closing of building. 2-- Fuel Economy--Short wide firebox ' design, full three-layer fire travel, very low stack temperature, large self cleaning flues, conservative ratings, ideal design for perfect combustion with soft coals. 3-- Long Service--Safety--Prox Cast Sectional Boilers represent maximum permanence. . 4-- Quick Dry-Steaming--Low water line, small waterways, quick circula tion, dry steam assured by steam separating header over Prox Boilers. 5-- Repair Economy--Remove any sec tions like tilting book from bookcase. Other boilers must be torn down and expensive covering destroyed. * 6-- Installation Economy--Take flow direct from large steam separating, header, saving extra cost of additional header construction necessary to get dry steam with other boilers. PROX BOILERS--World's best for large installations in Schools, Theatres, Apartments, Churches, Hospitals, Hotels, etc. 330 Richardson Round Boiler RICHARDSON SECTIONAL BOILER Ratings and Dimensions Boiler Number 8 Hr. Rating Sq. Ft. Steam 8 Hr. Rating Sq. F t. Water Crate Area, j Sq. Ft. 1Height to Top | Outlet, In. Height Water line, In. . Ashpit, Inside, In. 1No. Outlets and | Size, In. 755 756 257 258 355 356 357 358 359 427 428 429 4210 4211 536 537 538 S39 5310 1000 1600 1250 2000 1500 2400 1700 2800 1950 3125 2400 3850 2850 4575 3300 5300 3750 6025 3500 5600 4050 6500 4600 7400 5150 8300 5700 9200 6300 10000 7300 11600 8300 13200 9300 1 14800 10300 16400 4.57 5.70 6.83 -7.97 7.85 9.81 11.75 13.70 15.65 13.82 16.11 18.40 20.69 22.98 18.94 22.68 26.40 30.12 33.88 55 55 55 55 63 63 63 63 63 66 66 66 66 66 82 82 82 .82 82 40/a 48% 48% 48% 56 56 56 56 56 60 60 60 60 60 70% 70% 70% 70% 27%*35% 27%*42% 271/2*50 27i/2x57% 39 *33% 39 *41% 39 a50 39 58% 39 *66% 45 x50 ' 45 *58% 45 *66% 45 *74% 45 x83 55 x55 55 *65% 35 *76% 55 *82% 55 x98 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% 2-3% 2-4 2-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 2-5 2-5 2-5 3-5 3-5 2-6 2-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 331 Richardson Sectional Boiler Boilers and Radiators Richmond Radiator Company 1480 Broadway, New York 460 Park Square Bldg., Boston Cedar Ave. and Ashland Road, Cleveland . 568 Wrigley Bldg., Chicago 2241 N. American St., Philadelphia 217 North 6th St., Harrisburg, Pa. Richmond Radiator Co. Boilers and Radiators Richmond Radiator Company "RICHMOND" SMOKELESS BOILERS BURN COAL SMOKELESSLY " RICHMOND" Sectional Boiler Made in sizes: 4800 to 12000 sq. ft. for Steam; 7925 to 19800 sq. ft. for Hot Water. "MODEL" Sectional Boiler Made in sizes: 350 to 5850 sq. ft. for Steam; 575 to 9650 sq. ft. for Hot Water. "RICHMOND" Round Boiler Made in sizes: 400 to 1425 sq. ft. for Steam; 675 to 2350 sq. ft. for Hot Water. RICHMOND "TUSCAN" Radiators Made in 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 columns, window, indirect and wall patterns. Catalogs of Boilbks and Radiators Upon Request ' 332 OPERATION OF BOILER A--Air Intake (I on each side). B--Patented Heat Holding and Fire Resistent Fire Brick Arch. C--Coal and Fire on Primary Grate. . D--Secondary Grate where unburned gases are consumed. E--Point at which oxygen is supplied for perfect combustion of gases. F--Gas escaping openings in upper part of fire arch. G--Overhanging fire surfaces. H--Flues in which products of combustion travel from rear to front of boiler. J--Flues in which products of combustion travel to rear-of boiler. Fresh air is drawn through air intakes on either side of boiler, mixes directly with fuel gases, forming a mixture which is instantaneously ignited and in rear chamber bursts into an intense flame changing all smoke particles into colorless carbon dioxide. MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE MOST RIGID SMOKE ORDINANCES Many other interesting points of this boiler are adequately presented in Catalog which will be sent on request. * Made in sizes 4800 to 12000 sq. ft. for Steam. Made in sizes 7925 to 19800 sq. ft. for Water. . 333 Boilers and Radiators . The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators The H. B. Smith Company Works: Westfield, Mass. Westfield, Mass. New York, 10 East 39th Street Cleveland, 1108 Webster Avenue, S.E. 57 Main Street Boston, 640 Main Street, Cambridge Philadelphia, 17th and Arch Streets Manufacturers of Boilers and Radiators for Steam and Water Heating No. 60 Smith Boiler--Front No. 60 Smith Boiler--Bock 334 SMITH SMOKELESS BOILERS : For Anthracite Coal. Oil, Gas. Coke and all Bituminous-Coals. - ' ' When Bituminous Coal contains over 22>% volatile Oxygen Torch should be installed. With Oxygen Torch -- ' ; ` Nominal Size of Fire Pot. inches Total Length Length at Steam of Foun- Rating, Width Length Inches Inches No. of Sec tions in Boiler Nominal Size of Fire Pot, Inches Width Length Total Length Length at . Foun Boiler dation, Inches Inches Steam Water Rating, Rating. Feet Feet No. 27 27 36 * 77 62 2.700 4.450 27 42 83 68 3.000 4.950 27 48 89 74 3300 5,450 27 54 95 80 3,600 5.950 27 60 101 86 3,900 6,425 27 66 107 92 4.200 6.925 27 72 M3 98 4,500 7.425 No. 36 11 36 42 87 68- 4.300 7,100 12 36 48 93 74 4.800 7.925 13 36 54 99 80 5.300 8.750 14 36 60 105 86 - 5,800 9.575 15 36 66 111 92 6.300. 10.400 16 36 72 117 98 6,800 11325 17 36 78 123 104 7.300 12.050 18 36 84 129 110 7.800 12,875 No. 60 12 60 42 MO 73 10.800 17.800 13 60 ' 48 116 79 12.000 19.800 14 60 54 122 85 13300 21,800 15 60 60 128 .91 14,400 23.750 16 60 66 134 97 15.600 25,750 17 60 66 140 103 16.800 27.700 16 60 72 146 109 18,000 29.700 19 60 78 152 M5 19.200 31.70020 60 78 158 121 20,400 33.650 Additional Data. Applying to Boilers Both With and Without Smokeless Furnace Width at foundation................. Width of boiler, steam.............. Width of boiler, water.............. Height of boiler..........-r:........ Height of water-line'................. Oval smoke pipe equivalent to.. 27 35' 56' 59' 80* 57' : I3V4' round 36 48'/4' 72' 76' . 83' 59' 17' round 60 72' 98' 98' 87' 66' 26' round -4TS - ,27 VA7 il *8* 27 .9 ; ,27* , JO.. 27'* , dl v . ' 27-' .12. 27 '`12, - 27 . 13 . 27 ; .13 27 14 27 ,14 27 - - , No. 27 . 24-r r 47? 32 30 A * 53 V 1 38 36-, ' 59 44 42 V-65 50 48 ' 71 56 54 77 62 60 '68 60 ','89 74 66 89 : 74 66 . 95 " 80 '72 95 80 66 . 101- 86 78.; v 101 "86 1.200 1.500 1.800 2,100 2,400 2.700 3.000 3.300 3.300 3.600 3.600 3.900 3,900 1.975 2.475 2.975 3,475 3,950 4.450 4.950 5.450 5.450 5.950 5.950 6.425 6.425 No. 36 7 36 36 63.. 44 2300 3,800 . 8 36 42-. ; 69 50 2.800 4.625 9 36 48 ' . < 75 56 >3,300 5.450 10 36 > 54, 81 62 3.800 6.275 II 36 60 87 68 4.300 7.100 12 36 60 93 74 4.800 7.925 12 36 66 . 93 74 4.800 7.925 13 36 66 99 80 5.300 8.750 13 36 72 99 80 5.300 8,750 14 36 66 105 86 5.800 9.575 14 >36 78 105 86 5,800 9,575 15 36 72 Ml 92 6.300 10,400 15 36 84 111 92 6300 10.400 No. 60 8 9 to II 12 _ |143 15 16 17 18 19 20 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 V 60 60 60 36 86 42 92 48 98 54 104 60 110 66 116 72 ' 122 78 128 64 134 78f 140 84f 146 84f 152 84f 158 49 6,000 9.900 55 7,200 11.900 61 8.400 13,850 67 9.600 15.850 73 10.800 17,800 79 12,000 19.800 85 13.200 21.800 91 14.400 23.750 97 15.600 25.750 103 16.800 27.700 109 18,000 -29.700 115 19.200 31.700 121 20.400 33.650 Note--For additional data pertaining to these boilers, see table at bottom of opposite column. Tappings Supply Drum* . Outside diameter.... ................................12 in. Tapped for 2-in. lock-nut nipples. Front end tapped 2 in. - Rear end tapped one 4 in. and one 2 in. Tappings on Top Return Drums* Steam Boilers Outside diameter.... ....................... ......... Tapped for 2-in. lock-nut nipples. ' ,,8 in Number of Sections 8 9 10 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 Size of Tappings - 4' 5' . 6' Number of Tappings 2 2 2 2. 2 2-' 2 2 2 2 2 ,2 2 2 Undersides tapped ............................. . .....IK In Fire Tools Furnished ^ Poker, hoe. slice bar, flue brush with handle and ash shovel. - Trimmings Furnished with Steam Boilers Water column, gage cocks, water gage cocks, water gage glass, steam gage (with cock),.steam gage siphon. Damper regulator complete with chain. . When boiler is to be used for water warming, specify on order the.size of supply and return' pipe tappings. Tappings other than those listed are special. Order must specify size. 335 The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators Mills Water Tube Steam and Water Boilers Sectional cast iron boilers which are moderate in first cost, low maintenance and extremely economical in fuel. Sectional view shows large combustion chamber and vertical waterways of small area. The latter absorb the heat quickly, circulate the water rapidly and make dry steam. May be fired with anthracite coal, wood, coke or fuel gas. Size of Boiler No. 24 No. 34 No. 44 No. 48 No. 44 Mills Steam Boiler No. 44 Mills Boiler--Interior Ill Nominal Width Fire Pot Inche* Commercial Rating--Capacity in Sq. Ft. Steam Water ` Max. Allowable Working Presser Steam Water (Open Tank) ` 24 900 to 2025 1500 to 3350 15 lb. 301b. 151b. 34 2000 to 5200 3300 to 8575 15 lb. 301b. IS lb. ' 44 3600 to 9000 5950 to 14,850 15 lb. 301b. 151b. 48 4800 to 12.000 . 7925 to 19,600 15 lb. 601b. 301b. H-B Steam and Water Boilers H-B Boilers have three waterways be tween sections. They are the only boilers in which ascending and descending cur rents of water are circulated through separate connections, giving a steady water line and rapid circu lation without back pressure. 17 Hy-Test Boiler . For Hot Water Supply A. S. M. E. Standard _ '` "' Maximum allowable working pressure; 120 lb. Open Tank; 80 lb. Closed Tank. -. The H. B. Smith Company Boilers and Radiators ``Princess'' Water Radiator Princess Direct Radiators For sanitary reasons, radiators with wide spacing should be demanded. If ordinary radiators are not sanitary enough for hospitals, they are not sani tary for the home. To meet hospital specifications, some manufacturers make special radiators with wide spacing and charge an increased price. Princess Radiators are the standard radiators of The H. B. Smith Co. and are sold at regular list prices. . Princess Wall Radiators Suited for all places where direct radiators or pipe coils cannot be used. Espe cially desirable in locations where floor space is valuable and where wall, column or ceiling space is more available. They possess extreme flexibility of size and arrange . ment. Made in two heights, 15 and 22 in. Can be furnished with heating surfaces from 5 sq. ft. up, in multiples of 2sq. ft. Corresponding lengths in 22 in. radiator are from 9 in. up, in multiples of 4 in. (1 in. allowed in over all length for plugs and bushings). In the 15 in. radiator, corresponding lengths are from 13 in. up, in multiples of 6 in. By combinations of the two heights, these radiators can be arranged in tiers, either for horizontal runs or for column work. Hung horizontally, they make excellent .ceiling radiators. ' m ryyyi yi 336 "Princess'' Wall Radiator "Princess" Steam Radiator Boilers Standard Heater Company Williamsport, Pa. NEW YORK ' BOSTON SYRACUSE PHILADELPHIA SCHENECTADY BALTIMORE BUFFALO ROCHESTER HARRISBURG SCRANTON Builders of Spencer Heaters SPENCER HEATERS Give uniform heat over long periods and use small size hard coal with least attention to the fire. ' The magazine-feed feature is built into the heater and requires no adjust ment. The magazine holds a supply of coal sufficient for 8 to 12 hours in severe weather or for a proportionately longer period in milder weather. Spencer Heaters are economical and efficient. _ Due to the magazine-feed feature of the Spencer Heater it is impracticable to obtain, a firing period of less than 8 hours. Therefore ratings of Spencer Heaters are based upon an evaporation of 8 lbs. of water per lb. of coal burned, the rated evaporation having been obtained in actual test using fresh mined No. 1, Buckwheat coal as fuel. Standard Heater Company Boilers SPENCER HEATERS are adaptable for residences, apartment houses, churches, schoots, public and commercial buildings, theatres, green houses, garages and all other types of buildings heated by low pressure steam, vapor, or hot water. - For over 25 years SPENCER HEATERS have been tried and tested under the most severe climatic conditions. There are thousands of successful installations throughout the.entire country. . Write for illustrated catalog containing complete information. 60 Series. Spencer Tubular Heater 100 Series. Spencer Tubular Healer SPENCER TUBULAR STEAM HEATERS Heater Number Rating Sq. Ft. Radia tion Fire Surface Sq. Ft. Heating Surface Sq. Ft. Tapping Flow Tapping Return Overall Length Ins. Overall Width Ins. Water Line Ins. Draft to Develop Rating Ins. H20 Size Chimney Flue 15 17 19 20 21 - 3-45 3-50 3-55 3-60 S 3-70 3-80 .5 3-90 S 3-105 3-120 o 3-140 3-160 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 -7,000 8,000 9,000 10,500 12,000 14,000 16,000 12.00 13.50 15.00 16.50 18.00 18.05 20.24 22.56 24.83 27.00 30.35 34.70 39.05 43.40 47.75 52.10 262 309337 365 393 389 429 468 506 547 560 621 683 745 807 869 2-4* 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 2-5' 1-8' 1-8' 1-8' 1-8' 1-8' 1-8' . 2-3' 2-3' . 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 71 77 83 89 - 95 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' 1073/4 114 120# 126# 132V. 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' . 1-4' 101 # 107# 114 1203/4 1261/g 132% 60 ''60 60 60 60 81 81 81 81 81 H8I/2 1181/2 118/2 1181/2 Il8*/i 1181/5 56 56 56 56 - 56 59 59 59 59 59 66 66 66 66 66 66 .23 I6'xl6'x50' .24 I6'xl6'x55' .25 I6'x!6'x60' .26 I6'x16'x65' .27 16'xl6'x65' .24 !8'xl8'x50' .25 18'xl8't55' .26 I8'x18'x60' .27 I8'xl8'x65' .28 18'x18'x70' .27 20'x20'x65' .28 20'x20'x65' .29 22'x22'x65' .30 24'x24'x70' .32 24'x24'x70' .34 24'x24'x70* Heaters No. 3-45 to 3-160 are furnished with steel jackets and 1H in- Rockwool asbestos covering, also pipe header. . Heaters No. 15-21 are furnished with steel jackets only. . Chimney Flue sizes are based on a maximum Flue Temperature at Boiler Smoke outlet of 500 deg. fahr. 338 ~ 16" Series. Spencer Sectional Healer . No. 2 Series. Spencer Sectional Heater SPENCER SECTIONAL STEAM HEATERS Heater Number Rating Sq. Ft. Radiation Fire Surface Sq.Ft. Tapping Tapping Flow Return Overall Length Ins.' Overall Water Width Line Ins. ' Ins. Draft to Develop - Rating Ins. H20 Size Chimney Flue 154--S 155--S 156-S 157--S 158-S 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 375 500 625 750 900 1.000"' *1,300 1,600 2,000 ' 2,400 2,800 3,200 2.29 3.02 3.78 4.54 5.30 4.51 5.64 6.77 7.90 9.03 10.16 11.23 1-4' 1-4' 1-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4 T ' 2-4' 2-4 f 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 4-3' 4-3' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 33 39y2 47 54 62 633/4 *'70 76'/, 82>/2 883/4 95 101'/, yA 33y. 33# 33'/2 573/s 37# 57% 57*/. 575/8 . 575/8 575/8 49 49 49 49 ' 49 50 50 50 ' 50 50 50 50 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.15 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 8'x 8'x30* 8'x 8'x30' 10'xl0*x35' IO'xIO'x35" 10'x!0'x40' 10'xl0*x30' !0'xl0'x35' I2'xl2'x35' 12'xl2'x35' ,12'xl2'x35' 12'xl2'x4CT I2'x12'x40' 15-4-W 15-5-W 15-6-W 15-7-W 15-8-W 2-6-W 2-7-W 2-8-W 2-9-W 2-10-W 2-1 l-W SPENCER SECTIONAL WATER HEATERS 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 2,100 2,600 3,200 3,800 4,500 5,100 2.29 3.02 3.78 4.54 5.30 5.64 6.77 7.90 9.03 10f 16 ' 11.28 l-4r 1-4' 1-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2-3' 2-3' 2-3' 4-3' 4-3' 2-4? 2-4' 2-4' 2-4' 2+4' 2-4' 33 39# 47 54 62 70 76# 82# 883/4 95 101# 33# 33# 33# 575/j 575/8 575/j 575/8 575/ 575/s * 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.20 0,17 0.18 0.19. 0.20 0.21 0.21 8'x8'x30' 8'x8'x30' IO'xIO'xSS' 10'x10'x35' 10'xl0'x40* I0'xl0*x35' 12'xl2'x35' 12'x12'x35' 12'x12'x35' I2'xl2'x40' I2'x12'x40' Boilers The Sims Company ERIE, PA. Makers of "SIMCO"-STEAM BOILERS - WATER HEATERS - GARBAGE BURNERS "SIMCO" boilers for low-pressure steam and water heating are internally fired water-tube type of electrically welded steel construction and designed to burn any fuel--coal, wood, gas or oil. To secure proper combustion and high heat absorp tion, "SIMCO" boilers are proportioned carefully as to the relation of grate area to heating surface, cpmbustion chamber size and fire travel. All materials used are of superior quality, construction is according to A. S. M. E. boiler Code and every boiler is tested under 120 lb. hydro static pressure. The rated capacity of "SIMCO'' boilers is based on proper stack conditions and those recommended in the accompanying table should be followed. . When the "SIMCO" is used for heating water, always figure on the maximum quantity to be used per hour. For in stance: if the maximum demand is 1,000 gallons per hour, select R-6. When a stor age tank is used, select one having one-half more storage capacity than the maximum demand-per hour. The bottom of a hori zontal tank should if possible be as high as the top of the boiler. If vertical, it may set on the level of the bottom of the boiler. Interior View RATINGS For radiation duty are based on 8-hour firing periods with anthracite coal of good quality. Any "SIMCO" Boiler will carry its full rated load in direct C. 1. Radiation when properly installed and operated. Steam Radiation, 240 B.t.u. per sq. ft. per hour. Water radiation, 165 B.t.u. per sq. ft. per hour. Extra capacity must be allowed for exposed piping, pipe coil radiators, indirect radia tion. extreme weather and exposure also for build ings that are heated intermittently. For Hot Water Supply are based on intermittent firing periods with either hard or run-of-mine soft coal about'12 lbs. of coal per sq. ft.of grate surface per hour. A tank of ample storage capacity should be'provided. Any "SIMCO" Boiler will heat the number of gallons of water shown in accompanying table when properly installed and operated. TABULATION FOR "SIMCO" STEAM BOILERS AND WATER HEATERS | Steam, 1 Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation Water. Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation LU t Price Weight Length W idth Height Steam Boiler Height to Water Line Supply ! Two Return 1 Connection* ; Crate Surface 1 Sq. Ft. Heating Surface ; Sq. Ft. ' Smoke Connections Diameter M in im um Size Chimney bb J . g? 6 2 R-I 750 1250 300 400 $500.00 2000 42" W 58' 44' 4' 2' R-2 1000 1700 400 520 540.00 2200 47' vr 58' 44' 4' 2* R-3 1500 2500 500 650 585.00 2500 52' 30' 58' 44* 4' 2' R-4 1800 3000 600 780 705.00 3000 57' 34' 58' 44' 5' 3' R-5 2000 3300 700 910 780.00 3500 67' 34' 58' 44* 5' 3* R-6 2300 3800 800 1040 830.00 4000 77' 34' 58' 44' y 3' R-7 3250 5500 1000 1300 1024.00 5000 72' 48' 72* 56' 6' 4' R-8 3900 6600 1200 1560 1120.00' 5500 82' 48' 72* 56' 6' 4* R-9 4800 8000 1500 1950 1240.00 6100 92' 48' 72' 56' 6' 4' R-10 5800 9800 1800 2340 1700.00 8500 96' 60' 84' 66' 8' 6' R-ll 6600 II000 2000 2600 1880.00 9200 102' 60* 84' 66' 8' 6' R-12 7600 13000 2200 2860 1920.00 9600 108' 60* 84' 66' 8' 6' 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 15 18 20 22 60 9* I0'x40' 80 9* I0'x40' 100 9* I0'x40' 120 12* I2'x50' 140 12* I2'x50' 160 12' I2'x50' 200 16' I6'x50' 240 16' I6'x50' 300 16' I6'x50' 360 20* 20'x60' 400 20' 20'x60' 440 20* 20'x60' Boilers The Titusville Iron Works Company Titusville, Pennsylvania Manufacturers of Fire Tube Steel Boilers for Power and Heating; Fronts, Grates, Castings, Smoke Stacks, Tanks and Oil Weil Boilers; Steam, Gas, Oil and Gasoline Engines; Pumping Powers and Oil Well Machinery New York Office...............................152 West 42nd St. Chicago Office.......................... 53 W. Jackson Blvd. Buffalo Office...............821-23 Marine Trust Bldg. Detroit Office.................833 Washington Blvd. Bldg. Pittsburgh Office....................Farmers Bank Bldg. Washington Office......................732 Woodward Bldg. The Organization and Facilities We manufacture a com plete line of fire tube steam boilers to meet all general heating and power require ments. We also make a specialty of boilers built to architects' and engineers' specifications. Our shop is one of the .largest and best equipped toiler manufacturing plants in the country. It is provided with the latest improved machinery including hydrau lic and pneumatic riveting Titusville Standard Internal Fired Scotch Type Boiler machines, as well as hydraulic flanging equipment. Engi neering skill, careful work manship and the best of materials are combined to make Titusville Boilers better made boilers for every purpose. All toilers are made in strict ac cordance with the latest boiler code of the American Society 6/ Mechanical Engineers and can be made, if desired, to conform to local requirements. A large supply of material for all types of boilers is constantly carried and an adequate stock of completed Ticos and Acme Firebox Boilers is always ready for immediate ship ment. Thorough inspectionsand tests are constantly made during the construe- Titusville Perfection Boiler--Built in Sizes tS H. P.lotOO H. P.from 15lbt.tol50lbs Working Pressure Titusville Jacketed Tubeless tion and all workmanship and ma- inSing ferial is guaranteed first class in Domestic Hot every respect. Water fry In addition to the line of Titus- c^3L ville Boilers illustrated herewith we manufac ture pneu matic and storage tanks of every de scription. Desc r ip- tive bulletins will be sent Titusville Standard Tubular Boiler and Setting on request. Acme Smokeless Boiler--Brick Set Type for Steam and Hot Water Heating 341 Boilers UnitedStates Radiator (orporation GENERAL OFFICES: DETROIT, MICHIGAN Branch and Sales Offices Boston *Tnor, N. Y. Springfield New York Portland', Me. `Brooeltn 'Philadelphia *Cleveland "Chicago (No. Side) `Louisville `Baltimore *Colombos `Chicago (So! Side) *St. Paul Buffalo `Cincinnati `Milwaukee *St. Lows `Des Moines "Omaha `Denver Providence New Haven `Harrison, N. J. Pittsburgh `Detroit `Indianapolis `Warehouse stocks at points indicated by star `Kansas Citt Seattle Portland, Ore. Manufacturers of Capitol Boilers and United States Radiators .% CAPITOL SMOKELESS BOILERS Capitol Smokeless Boilers have been developed to meet a growing demand on the : part of the public for boilers which will burn the bituminous coals of the United States without smoke. This demand has been brought about by the educational work of Civic Societies which have taught the public to realize the destructive effect and the menace to health of soft coal smoke in our large cities. Incidentally, the public has come to understand the large monetary loss due to the escape of unburned gases in the form of dense, black smoke. These facts are now so well understood that confirmative argument is unnecessary. . 400 and 500 Series The United States Radiator Corporation has developed a line of cast iron boilers built upon the highly effective "wing wall" principle which is well known in power boilers where smokeless combustion is desired. This type is exemplified by the 400 and 500 Series, of which an interior \view is shown at the left. ' These boilers contain a targe , furnace where bituminous coal undergoes rapid combustion. The main air supply is admitted through the grates and fuel bed. Auxiliary air for smokeless com bustion is admitted at the front Interior Vino Shoving Fire TW 400 Series Capital Smokeless Boiler . of the furnace through passages leading from the ashpit to'a point just above the level of the fuel bed. This air is properly proportioned for best 342 United Stales Radiator Corporation f ' Boilers results; it is preheated and mixes' with the volatile gases distilled from the fuel bed. This cpmbustible mixture passes from the furnace through the bridgewall into a mixing ; -ff ' - . -' ' chamber. This mixing chamber is. formed by the bridgewall and ignition walls or "wing walls" of high refractory tile. Because'of the continuous flow of burning gases from the furnace through the bridgewall and against these ignition walls they are constantly maintained at a temperature of approximately 1600 deg. or about 400 deg. above the ignition point of the gases. , i, - `. . The burning gases enter the mixing chamber through two horizontal openings. Their escape from the mixing chamber; at the rear of the boiler is through a long vertical opening between the ignition tiles. The effect of this arrangement is a constriction and intermixture of burning gases and auxiliary air within the mixing chamber in contact with the hot ignition walls. : ` The burning of these gases is completed in the combustion chamber at the rear of the boiler. From the combustion chamber the gases are rapidly cooled in the large flues passing to the front of the boiler on either side (as shown in the illustration) and returning to the smokehood through the return flues. With this construction combustion is com pleted before the gases reach the cooling flues. . Performance Curve for No. 4H Copilot Smokeless Boiler The performance curve of a 411 boiler shown above is typical of the efficiency of 400 and 500 Series boilers. Attention is called to the high volatile coal used in these tests. Capitol Smiokeless.-Boilers will burn such coal without smoke and with great . economy. ': . " . The operation of this type of boiler is exceedingly simple. No skilled operator is necessary to obtain smokeless results. Any person who can throw coal into the boiler can operate it smokelessly, because no further attention is "required. 343 United States Radiator Corporation Boilers 27 Inch, S230 and S270 Series Another line of Capitol Smoke less Boilers is exemplified by the 27 inch, S230 and S270 Series, of which the latter is illustrated in the interior view at the right. These are regular updraft boilers so designed that they may be operated smokelessly with proper attention. The important smokeless feature of these boilers is the inverted bridgewall or curtain section through which heated auxiliary air filters over the fire for complete combustion. When firing these boilers the coking method should be applied, that is. the initial fire should be pushed to the rear of the grate and new fuel added at the front. The gases distilled from the green coal pass under the curtain where they mix with auxiliary air. The combustible mixture is forced to pass close to the surface of the hot coke fire at the rear where combustion takes place. 40 Series Capitol Smokeless Boiler 40 Inch Series A more recent Smokeless Boiler development of the United States Radiator Corporation is the 40 Inch Series. The operation of the 40 Inch Series is similar to that of the S230 and S270 except that auxiliary air enters through patented air passages in the front section. Admission of air at the front permits combustion of a large part of the gases before they pass under the curtain. As the gases pass under the curtain they are heatod to a higher temperature and combus tion is completed as they enter the flues. The Performance Curve shown below is typical of this type of boiler. Dt YELOPCD CAPACITY - SQ.FT. Performance Curve for No. 1140 Capitol Smokeless Boiler 344 United States Radiator Corporation Boilers 50 Inch Series The largest of the more recent series of Capitol Smokeless Boilers developed by the Capitol Testing Laboratory is that known as the 50 in. series. These boilers contain a large furnace where bituminous coal undergoes rapid com bustion. The main air supply is admitted through the grates and the fuel bed. Auxiliary air for smokeless combustion is admitted at the front of the furnace through passages leading from the ashpit to a point just above the level of the fuel bed. This air is properly proportioned for best results. It is pre-heated and mixes with the volatile gases distilled from the fuel. , An additional supply of auxiliary air- is furnished through an inverted bridgewall or curtain section. This air is also pre-heated and filters over the fire, assuring most complete combustion and highest efficiency. CAPITOL SMOKELESS BOILERS--Ratings and Dimensions ' No. Rating, SquareFeet Steam Water Height Water Line Inches Coal Square Feet Capacity Cubic Feet Outlets and 'inlets Inches Minimum Chimney Sizes Height Feet Dimensions Inches . 627 1800 727 2200 827 2600 927 3000 1027 3400 1127 3800 1227 4200 S237 2800 S238 3250 S239 3700 S240 4150 * S24I 4600 408 3300 409 3850 410 4400 411 4950 412 5500 413 6050 414 6600 740 4475 840 5250 940 6025 1040 6800 1140 7575 1240 6350 1340 9125 S277 5475 S278 6400 S279 7325 * S280 6250 szai 9175 S282 10100 S283 11025 S284 " - 11950 750 7800 850 8850 950 9900 1050 10950 1150 12000 1250 13050 1350 14100 508 6275 509 7150 510 8025 511 6900 512 9775 513 10650 514 11525 515 12400 516 13275 2975 3625 4275 4925 5575 6225 6875 4650 5450 ,, 6150 69007600 5230 6160 7040 7920 8800 9680 10560 7350 8650 9950 11250 12550 13850 15150 9000 10525 12050 13575 15100 16625 18100 19600 12875 14600 16325 18050 . 19775 21500 23225 10000 11400 13000 14250 15650 17050 18450 19850 21250 45% 45A 45% 45% 45Vi 55 55 55 55 55 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 . 49 49 49 49 49 49 66 66 66 66 66 66 . 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 *66 -66 .66 66 66 5.32 6.55 7.78 9.01 10.24 11.47 12.70 10.94 12.77 14.61 16.44 18.27 8.15 8.15 10.31 12.42 12.47 14.63 14.63 8.15 10.31 10.31 12.47 14.63 14.63 16.79 18.29 21.33 24.37 24.37 27.41 27.41 30.45 30.45 16.29 21.33 21.33 24.37 24.37 27.41 27.41 11.58 14.62 17.66 17.66 I8i49 21.53 21.53 24.57 27.61 . 7.50 9.28 11.00 12.48 14.15 15.81 17.50 16.49 19.22 21.96 24.70 27.44 9.00 10.40 13.30 14.70 16.30 17.70 19.25 tO.40 13.30 13.30 16.30 19.25 19.25 22.20 29.67 ' 34.68 39.69 39.69 42.20 44.71 47.22 49.72 30.95 36.00 36.00 41.20 41.20 46.22 46.22 18.87 23.73 25.80 28.59 29.58 34.51 37.80 41.09 44.37 2-4" 2-4" 3-4 3-4" 3-4"' 3-4" 4-4" 3-4" 3-4" 3-4" 4-4" 4-4" 2-5" 2-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 2-5" 2-5 2-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-S" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 6-5" 6-5* 6-5" 3-5" 4-5" 4-5" 4-5" 5-5" 5-5" 5-5" 6-5" 6-5" 40 12x12 40 12x12 45 12x12 45 12x16 45 12x16 50 12x16 50 12x16 45 16x16 50 16x16 55 16x16 60 16x16 60 16x20 50 18x18 50 18x18 55 20x20 55 - 20x20 55 22x22 60 24x24 60 24x24 50 - 18x18 55 18x20 60 20x20 65 20x24 70 24x24 70 24x2875 24x28 55 24x24 60 24x24 60 24x24 65 24x28 70 28x28 70 28x28 75 28x32 80 32x32 55 24x24 60 24x24 65 24x28 70 24x28 60 28x28 90 28x32 95- 32x32 60 24x24 65 24x24 70 24x28 80 28x28 85 28x32 85 . 32x32 90 32x32 90 32x36 90 36x36 All 40 and 400 Series have two 6-inch inlets on rear of back section. AU 27 Series have two 4-inch inlets on rear of back section. Dimensi.ons, .inc.lu.sive o,f trim.mings: 27 Series, bright 68>4 inches, width 50^i inches 8230 Series, height 78 inches, width 58J<f inches 400 Series,' height 71 inches, width 75 inches 40 Series, bright 71 inches, width 75 inches - 8270 Series, bright 92 inches, width 82 inches 50 Series, bright 92 inches, width 82 inches 500 Series, height 92 inches, width 82 inches .e - . Boilers Universal Smokeless Boiler Company 100% WATER TUBE SELF-CLEANING BOILERS Factory and Main Office -: - RAVENNA* OHIO Guarantee On installation under 5000 ft. steam, we guarantee our boilers to provide sufficient steam to take care of 50 per cent of their rated capacity shown within. On installations over 5000 ft. steam 60 per cent of the rated capacity. This guarantee is based on using bituminous high volatile coal similar to " Pittsburgh Vein" run-of-minc. - Our SMOKELESS BOILERS comply with the law and are guaranteed to pass the smoke . ordinance of all cities, using'bituminous coaL ' The smokeless feature is fool-proof. , Expert or careful firing not necessary. - CAST IRON SECTIONAL BOILERS 100 Per Cent Water Tube Construction . 36" SERIES--DOUBLE-GRATE DOWN-DRAFT. SMOKELESS Water-line 48 in. if base of boiler is set in a pit 13 in. deep. Width overall 49 in. Height overall 73 in. Returns 4-2H in. .- | Boiler Number Grate Area Square Feet Approximate Boiler Length ! Inches Smallest D i1mentions Chim ney Inside, In. Height Chim ney Sea L e v e l- Square Feet. | List Price 'f Approximatee t 8 M C (S .6 c/> M - .5 - *.; jC ti C _5o J C oil 6 Z c 5 ? 3 1 232 2600 4160 9.75 if J 7 45 8 23100 4960 9.75 19 51 8 242 3600 5760 13.0 24 51 243 4000 6400 13.0 24 9 57- 1053' 4500 7/KI 16.26 30 64 3 15 45 15 45 15 45 15 45 16 50 $800 1905100 1150 1260 5250 6250 5800 6760 7360 1254 5000 8000 16.26 30 II 64 5500 8800 19.5 36 70 3 16 77 3 16 50 1310 8140 50 1410 8750 65 5800 9280 19.5 36 13 85 3 16 50 1560 9300 74 6200 9920 22.74 42 13 85 4 17 55 1610 9300 75 6500 10400 22.74 42 14 92 4 17 55 1750 10065 84 6800 10880 26.0 46 14 92 4 18 60 1700 9900 85 7200 11520 26.0 48 15 99 4 18 60 1800 10725 1200095 7800 12480 29.26 54 16 105 5 19 96 8100 29.26 54 17 III 5 19 97 8400 13440 29.26 54 18 106 8800 14080 32.52 60 18 107 9000 14400 32.52 60 19 1110/8 118 1111190 9400 1908(0000 1120040000 15040 15680 16160 16640 19200 32.52 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 '6666606666 227100 7? 23 111270 127 134 140 147 153 160 5 5 5 66665 2222222111110009 65 65 65 70 2221102900000000- 1121220500 12850 12700 70 2300 13530 70 2400 14355 75 2500 14135 75 2650 14960 75 2800 15785 75 2950 17600 24" SERIES--DOUBLE-GRATE, DOWN-DRAFT Water-line 57 in. Height overall 67 in. Outlets4in. Width 36 in. Returns 2 in. 432 . (485 2400 5.0 15 8433 1620 2600 5.0 T5 20443 1980 3200 6.60 6.66 20 10444 2160 3400 7 9 35 40 45 50 1122 15 40 $548 3135 68640 632 3575 45 3900 15 45 772 4400 454 2430 3900 8.32 25 II 12455 2700 4300 8.32 25 10.0463 2970 4600 30 13 10.0466 3150 5000 30 14 60 65 70 75. 16 45 823 4675 16 45 914 5060 16 45 . 970 5335 18 45 1040 5720 476 3420 5500 11.16 35 15 80 18 50 1104 5995 477 3600 5600 11.18 35 16 85 18 50 1190 6380 36" SINGLE-GRATE, UP-DRAFT Single-Grate Low Water Line (Patented) ;_____________ Water-line .48 in. Width overall 49 in. Height 60 in! All parts and prices subject - to change without notice. Boiler Number 24" SINGLE-GRATE. UP-DRAFT 131 132 - 142 " 143 to ; 152 0_'o o SB ^ 3 _ tj U 5'S mz o< in'. ---:--------- ------------ 6 1000231 3.00 1600 "2800 1200241 4.00 1920 3000 8251 5.00 1450 2320 3500 153 154 162 163 , 164 . 173 ' 174 252 9.-. 5:00 :I750: .2800. 4100:" ?. =175- 10 2000253 5.00 3200 4280 . 183-,. 10 6.00262 2250 3600 4300 184 272 II 12273 12 8.00282 7.00 2500 4000 4680 ' 185 7.00 2750 4400 .4735-. - 194 3000 .4800 .4630 195 292 13 9.00 3250 5200 .5200 196 293 14 9.00 3500 5600 5700 197 Total No. Sections 6 87 9 1119100 .; 10 5' 12 . 12 '13-- 14- 13 14 "15 15 16 17 18 Grate Area. 5.60 5.60 7.45 7.45 9.25 . 9.25 11911...211500 ii. io 12.95 12.95 -J2.95 .14.8 14.8 14.8 16.65 16.65 , 16.65 . 16.65 Steam Rating 2000 2450 2900 3350 3800 4250 4700. 5150 5600 6050 6500 6950 7400 7850 8300 8750 9200 190615000 10550- ' . . Water. Approx. Rating Shipp'g Wt. 3200 4070 4000 4950 4800 5335 5360 6160 ' 6680 - 6200 6800 6625 ,7520 . 7590 . 8240 6270 8960 7122 9680 7942 1110142000 7700 8437 11840:." =7 9256 12560 -! : " '8497 13280 - *. 8932; 14000 9751 14720 i: 9427 15440 10246 16160 10637 16860 11412 346 Universal Smokeless Boiler Co., Ravenna, Ohio Boilers Universal Cast Iron Sectional Boilers For Gas or Oil SECTIONAL GAS AND OIL BOILERS With Special Circulating Section Patented Boiler Number Steam Rating Number Sections List - Approximate Price Shipping Weight 41 TS 480 4 - 51 T 5 61 TS 32 TS 42 TS 660 11802420000 65 78 1052 TS 62 TS 1380 1560 9 72 TS 33 TS ' 43 T. S 1740 ^21109200 I1I2 13 53 T S' 2280 14 63 .TS 2460 15 73 T S . 2640 16 34 TS 2820 17 .Vl44TS ' .{.3000 18 54.T.S 64 .TS 74 TS 35 TS .-.'.3180 3360 ' 3540' 3720 ' 22211209 45 TS 3900 23 55 TS 4080 . 24- 65 TS 4260 Ii 25 -75 TS . 4440 26 36 T S 4620 27 . 46TS 4800 28 6566TTSS 4980 . 5160 29 30 76 TS "5340 ; 31 $185 230 275 320 '365 410 . 455 500 545 590 635 680 723 770 BIS* 860 905 950, 995T 1040 - 1085: 1130 11212705 1265 1310 1355 . 1400, 1137 1300 1475 - 1629 1789 1954 . 2116 2281 2445 v2606 2767 2928 3094 .3227 . 3319 ' 3582 3741 3938 4095 4257 4431 4604 . 4769 4932 5100 5263 5433 5668 . Steam B.oilrks--Height to water-line 26 in. Height to top flue opening 38 in. Returns--Two 3 in. Flows--Two 3 in. ' Extra 1H in- flows on boilers over 10 sections. ' With Plain Section Steam Boiler Water Boiler ' . Number Steam Water Number Rating Rating Sections List Water Price List Approx. Steam Shipping Price Weight 41 PS and P W 51 PS and P W 61 PS and P w 32 PS and P w 47 PS and P w 52 PS and P w 62 PS and P w 72 PS and P w 33 PS and P w 43 PS and P w 53 PS and P w 63 PS and P w 73 PS and P w 34 PS and P w 44 PS and P w 54 PS arid P w 64 PS and P w 74 PS and P w 35 PS and P w 45 PS and P w 55 PS and P W; 65 PS and P w 75 PS and P w 36 PS and P w 46 PS and P w 6566 PS and PS and P P w w 76 PS and P w 400 550 700 1805000 1150 1300 1450 1600 1750 1900 22200500 2350 2500 2650 2800 2950 3100 3250 3400 3550 3700 3950 4100 4250 4400 4550 665 4 6905 5 1145 81385 7 1625 101865 2105 9 122345 2585 H 2825 13 3065 1.4 3305 15 3545 16 3785 17 4025 4265 4505 4745 r |196 2210 4985 ' 22 5225 23 5465 24 5705 25 5945 26 6185 27 6425 28 6665 29 9605 30 7145 31 $136 175 213 250 286 325. ' 363 400 438 475 513 550 588 625 663 700 738 775 613 885808 925 1906030 .1038 1075 1113 1150 $120623 240 279 317 356 394 433 471 510 548 587 625 664 702 741 779 818 856 895 933 1907120 1049 1087 1126 1164 1203 1017 1150 1293 1419 1549 1684 1816 1951 2085 2216 2347 2478 2614 2717 2879 3012 3141 3278 3405 3537 3681 3824 3959 4092 4231 4363 4503 4708- Steam Boilers--Height to top flue opening 38 in. Height to water . line 26 in. Returns--Two 3 in. Flows--Two 3 in. Extra 1H in. flows ' on boilers of over 10 sections. ' ' - Water Boilers--Height to top flue opening 38 in. Returns--Two 3 in! Flows--Two 3 in! .' _ 347 Boilers Utica Heater Company 365 E. Illinois St. Chicago. III. UTICA, New York . IR43 Grand Central Terra'l . Cleveland, v. ____ NsW YoRK> N` Y` Representatives In Principal Jobbing Centers Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers Burn Soft Coal Smokelessly-Use Any Available Fuel Patented January 10, I9tt. Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boiler Cut-ovay Vie*. Showint Primary and Secondary Combustion Chambers and Air inlets SUPER-SMOKELESS BOILERS Are designed to operate smokelessly when burning soft coal. They utilize any avail able fuel, burning either hard coal, solt coal, lignite, coke, fuel oil or gas with ex ceptional efficiency and decided economy. elimination of smoke-- Is attained by consuming the smoke and soot within the boiler. This complete combustion is due to the admission ot highly heated air through water-jacketed inlets, in the baffle wall at the rear of the fire box. The admixture of oxygen at this point instantly converts the heavy gases into incandescent flames of unusual heat ing capacity. The smoke and soot are actually used as fuel and clean chimney and flues are maintained at all times. SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers comply with the most rigid smoke ordinances and are recommended by foremost heating engineers and leading architects for lmpof* tant buildings. CONSTRUCTION-- SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers have a single grate and are of sectional cast iron construction. Cast iron is highly resistant to corrosion and preferable to steel where low pressure permits using it. The sectional construction permits easy handling in shipment as well as installation m com pleted buildings. The baffle wall is a specially designed water section of the boiler. It has a series of water-jacketed air inlets above the firebed and is covered on the side facing the fire by high-test plastic firebrick. OPERATION-- SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers are ex tremely simple to operate. No special skill or high priced help is required. Long firing periods are the rule and little care or attention is required for successful, smoke less operation. 348 Utica Heater Company Boilers Capacities and Dimensions of Utica-Imperial SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers Number Rating* Steam Sq. Ft. Number Water Rating* Sq. Ft. Oate Area Sq.Ft. No. and Size of Outlet* (Inches) Diameter of Smoke Collar (Inches) Length of Smoke Box (Inches) Length of Sections (Inches) Length of Sections and Smoke Box (Inches) S-245 S-246 S-247 S-248 S-249 S--335 S-336 S-337 S-338 S-339 S--3310 5-405 S-406 S-407 S-408 5-109 S--4010 S-4011 S-4012 S-4013 S-4014 S-4015 S-4016 S--4017 S-4018 S-4019 S-4020 5-4021 S-4022 S-4023 S-4024 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 W-245 W-246 W-247 W-248 W-249 1920 2400 2880 3360 3840 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4700 W-335 W-336 W-337 W-338 W-339 W-3310 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7520 2750 W-405 4400 3500 W-406 5600 4250 tW-407 6800 5000 W-408 8000 5750 W-409 9200 6500 W-4010 10400 7250 W-40II 11600 8000 W-4012 12800 8750 W-4013 14000 9500 W-4014 15200 10250 W^-4015 - 16400 11000 W-4016 17600 11750 W-4017 18800 12500 W-4018 20000 13250 W-4019 21200 14000 W-4020 22400 14750 W-4021 23600 15500 W-4022 24800 16250 W-4023 26000 17000 W-4024 27200 4:96 6.16 6:16 7.36 7.36 1-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 3-4 7.32 1-5 9.10 2-5 10.87 2-5 12.65 . 2-5 14.42 3-5 16.20 3-5 9.68 1-5 12.03 2-5 14.38 2-5 16.73 3-5 19.08 3-5 21.43 , 3-5 23.77 3-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 4-5 23.77 5-5 23.77 5-5 23.77 5-5 23.77 5-5 23.77 5-5 23.77 5-5 12 21% 371/4 59 12 21% 45'/, 67/4 14 20 53% 73% 14 20 62 82 14 20 70% 90%- 15 23 37% 60% 15 23 45/? 68/, 15 . 23 53% 76% 16 21'/2 62 83/, 16 21 Zz 70% 91% 16 2 l'/z 78/2 too 18 27/2 37% 64% 18 27'/2 45/, 73 18 27/, 533% 81% - 18 27/2 62 89% 18 27/z 70% .97% 18 27/2 78/, 106 20 26 112% 20 26 95 121 20 26 103/4 129% 20 26 III/2 137/, 20 26 119% 145% 20 26 128 154 20 26 136% 162% 20 26 144/2 170'/, 20 26 152% 178% 20 26 161 187 20 26 169% 195% 20 26 177/2 203% 20 26 185% 211% 20 26 194 220 Capacities and Dimensions of Utica-Duplex SUPER-SMOKELESS Boilers Number Ratings Steam Sq- Ft. Number Ratings Water Sq. Ft. Crate Area Sq.Ft. . No. and Size of Outlets (Inches) Diameter of Smoke Collar (Inches) Length of Smoke Box (Inches) Length of Sections (Inches) Length of Sections and Smoke Box (Inches) S-827 8500-- W-827 13600 28.76 8 28 17 53% 70% S-828 -10000 W-828 16000 28.76 8 28 17 62 79 S-829 11500 W-829 18400 33.46 8 28 17 70% 87% S--8210 13000 W-8210 20800 33.46 8 28 17 78/, 95% S--821 r. 14500 W-8211 23200 38.16 8 28 17 86% 103% S--8212 16000 W-8212 25600 38.16 8 28 17 95 112 S--8213 17500 W-8213 28000 42.86 8 28 17 103% 120% S-8214 19000 W-8214 30400 42.86 8 28 17 111/2 128/2 S--8215 20500 W-8215 32800 42.86 8 28 17 119% 136% S-8216 22000 W-8216 35200 47.54 8 28 17 128 145 S-8217 23500 W-8217 37600 47.54 8 28 17 136% 153% . S-8218 25000 W-8218 40000 47.54 8 28 17 144% 161 % ' 'Height of water line*. 24 series. 45H inches; 33 series. 53 inches; 40 series. 57 inches; 82 series. 57 inches. ' Equipment Shipped with Boilers' ` All Super-Smokeless Boilers are provided with equipment of the best type. Steam Boilers are equipped with Water Column with gauge glass and compression cocks; Retard Steam Gauge with Bourdon brass tube spring, Non-Glare Dial, syphon and cock; ' All-brass Pop Safety Valve, A. 5. M. E. Standard; and Automatic All-metal Damper Regulator suitable for low pressure. Every boiler is furnished with a complete set of firing tools, consisting of shaker handle, hook, hoe, slice bar and flue brush with handle. Duplex Steam Boilers are equipped with Steam Header, Return Yoke, and Equalizer fitted with Hartford Connection which may be used or not, as desired. 349 y Boilers Weil-M'Lain sc -- ->L<g-T-ir MJ.H jTnrVJTiiy B OILERS WEIL-McLAIN COMPANY--Michigan City, Ind. -- Chicago, 111. The Weil-McLain ROUND TYPE BOILER with its COR RUGATED FUEL-SAVING HEATING SURFACES and its long "hack and forth" fire travel embraces the newest and best conceptions of heating engineers. . Other points of merit in the Weil-McLain Round Type Boiler are: fire-pot and crown sheet cast separately to permit easier handling; large fire door; handy front clean-out doors in every section and triangular type grates which cut and -*--'* *11 rt-Hinarv clinkers. STEAM WATER I Actual Diam. Grate and Boiler : Sq. Ft. Size ' Boiler Rating Sq. Ft. Inches . | (Both Steam and Hot Water) 5-S-17 5-S-25 S-S-28 5-S-31 6-S-17 6-S-19 6-S-22 6-S-25 6-S-31 395 480 660 865 1065 . 1350 410 500 695 915 1130 1425 5-W-17 | 5-W-19 5-W-22 . 5-W-25 5-W-28 5-W-31 650 795 1090 1430 1760 2225 6-W-17 6-W-19 6-W-22 6-W-25 6-W-28 6-W-31 .. 675 825 1145 1510 1 1865 1 2350 I 17 22 17 ` 31 NOTE: Table is not complete; these boilers are also made four section. The Weil-McLain SECTIONAL or SQUARE TYPEBOILER like the Round Type has corrugated heating surfaces directly abov the fire, has a long " back and forth" fire travel-features that add Number 22-W-5 25-W-6 25-W-8 36-W-9 WATER Water Rating Sq. Ft 2150 7350 Trial Orate length Area Inches Sq. Ft SI 4.88 58 5,96 65 7.03 51 5.70 58 6.90 65 8.10 72 9.30 63 7.97 72 9.72 8\ U.47 90 13.22 66 10.25 75 12.50 84 14.75 93 17.00 102 19.25 Noober 22-S-5 22-S-6 22-S-7 25-S-5 25-S-6 2S-S-7 25-S-8 28-S-5 28-S-6 18-S-7 28-S-8 36-S-5 36-S-6 36-S^ 36-S-8 36-S-9 STEAM Steao Rating Sq. Ft 900 UOO 1300 1100 1350 1600 1850 1650 2000 2350 2700 2350 2875 3400 3925 4450 Total Length Indies Si 58 65 51 58 65 72 63 72 81 90 66 75 84 93 102 Water line todies 46 Orate Area Sq.Ft (Steao udWater) 4.88 , 46 51" 51 51 51. . 55 55 55 55 58 58 58 58 53 14.75 . NOTE: Table is not complete; this type boiler is also made in a 48* size. Boiler, Feeder McDonnell & Miller General Offices: Wrigley Building CHICAGO Eastern Warehouse Stock Bush Terminal, N. Y. "Doing One Thing Well" The Only Exclusive Manufacturer of Water Feeders Products: McDONNELL & MILLER DUPLEX WATER FEEDERS The McDonnell & Miller Duplex Water Feeder is a simple and positive means of controlling "the water line in low-pressure steam boilers, automatically supplying make-up water as necessary, and protecting the boilers against flooding by disposing of excess condensate which may be returned from the system. It is a completely self-contained unit, consisting of two carefully designed floatoperated valves, placed in the head and enclosed in a suitable receiver. By means of steam and water equalizing connections in the head, boiler conditions are main tained in the receiver of the feeder itself. Variations in boiler water line are accu rately followed. The city water supply connection is also in the head and admits make-up water to the feeder through an integral. strainer of large capacity. All pipe_connections are so arranged in the head that working parts may be inspected . by removing the receiver without breaking a single pipe connection. Service--The McDonnell & ' Miller Duplex Water Feeder may be applied to all low-pressure steam boilers, maximum pressure 15 lbs., and is suitable for^use under all city water pressures up to'110 lbs. It is particularly adaptable to oil fired boilers where the quick, intense heat of the oil burner causes rapid fluctuations in boiler water line, and where the auto matic oil burner controls encourage care lessness of boiler water line. It is also essential protection where lowpressure steam boilers depend on elec trically driven pumps for the return of condensation from the system, for, in case of pump or current failure it will supply adequate make-up water from the city mains. McDonnell & Miller Duplex Water Feeders are- protection against burned boilers and cracked sections, By main taining a normal water line at all times, they also assure more uniform steaming and better boiler performance. . 351 Burners, Oil Automatic Burner Corporation 312 North May Street - -' CHICAGO, ILL. How ABC Heats Your thermostat, placed in one of your living rooms, is set at 70 deg. The temperature in your home drops to 68 deg.--automatically ABC starts. The lowering of the oil in the burner reservoir drops the float, unseating the three check balls. As the oil flows in from the wall float, which holds one pint of oil, the lowering of the float in its container automatically starts the pump. The pump draws oil from an underground tank. When enough oil has been admitted into the reservoir the dependable three balls set, stopping Twelve Reasons Why ABC . Appeals to Engineers . 1. Converts coal boiler into oil burn ing boiler: ABC is designed so that it retains the natural functions of a coal heating boiler. All boilers were designed to bum coal--and not. to absorb heat traveling at a high veloc- ity. The ABC horizontal circular flame heats from-the grate on the water legs. Result: quick heat; low stack temperature; saving in oil. 2. Oil burned in suspension: This is the first law of efficient oil burning. 3. Longer boiler life: Burners with a . concentrated flame in time destroy a boiler. The ABC circular flame, evenly applied all around the boiler, . adds to its life. 4. No carbon or soot: Engineers know what an- immense advantage this is. 5. No fan or blower: Heat is not forced fip the chimney and wasted. 6. Less oil required: Unique means of atomization assures complete combus tion. Every particle of oil is burned. The heat rises slowly and is maxi mumly absorbed by the boiler. 7. Simple: The life and amount of service of a piece of machinery is in ratio to the number of moving parts. ABC has only one moving part sub ject to wear. It is simple. It has no complicated or delicate adjustments. 8. Burns low-priced oils: 32-36 grav the automatic pump and checking the flow of oil. Observe this: At no time do you have more than one quart of oil in your basement. The armature shaft by centrifugal force draws the oil through a taper hole up to the atomizing cup. Air is taken in--always the proper amount-- through holes in the bottom of the cup. The oil and air, thoroughly mixed and broken up, are thrown into the boiler, noiselessly, as a fine atomized, instantly inflammable mist. Ignited by the pilot light, the mist of oil burns with a dean, soft flame of circular form. ity oil is recommended. . 9. Odorless: An ABC heated home is odorless. 10. No unsightly parts outside of boiler: The burner is entirely enclosed in the boiler out of the way. . 11. Automatic: Heat when you want it --as you want it. 12. Quiet: The importance of quietness in a domestic oil burner cannot be overestimated. ABC is really quiet. Full Information will be Sent You Gladly No. Type E Maximum Steam Radiation Max. Hot Water Radiation Approximate Floor Space Required Shipping Weight 3000 4500 Enclosed in Boiler 110 lbs. Price $600 to $1,000 AB C No Noise OIL BURNER - No Carbon 352 Burners, Oil Caloroil Burner Corporation 5 East 40th Street, NEW YORK (^LCMLOIL BUKpfjERS Automatic Fuel Oil Burners Using Air or Steam for Atomization Why Noted Engineers Endorse Caloroil Burners Testimonies from leading heating engineers give evidence that the simple, safe and ever-ready operation of Caloroil Burners is the ultimate basis of their selection. In the final analysis--performance tells the story. Caloroil Burners are the Vacuum type which means that oil is drawn up by a self-created vacuum instead of being fed to the burners under pressure or gravity. A glance at the illustration below gives a good idea of the Caloroil principle. Oil is stored in tanks conveniently located, piped to oil inlet of burner and maintained at a level below nozzle. A small, specially designed motor compressor controlled by a thermostat, furnishes the air, which passing over the oil nozzle, creates the vacuum: As soon as this is accomplished, which is instantaneous, the oil is atomized or broken up into minute particles and ignited by a small gas pilot light. The entire action ik fool proof, positive, requires no readjustment of oil supply and insures efficient operation under all conditions. Caloroil Burners burn any grade of oil that readily flow without preheating and burn it, completely, without smoke, odor, or carbonization. Caloroil Burners are efficient in any type or size of steam, hot water boilers, or hot air furnace, and will give unconditional satisfaction wherever used. . Caloroil Burners are approved by the Under writers Laboratories maintained by the National Board of Fire Underwriters and by the Board of Standards and A ppeals. New York City. N. Y. 022AIR N LS The Caloroil Vacuum Prin ciple is Simplicity itself. oa unto Br vacuum caiatcd BY Ain PASSING VIA OIL HOZZlt THE ABOVE CUT SHOWS PART OF ATOMIZING HEAD OF BURNER Caloroil Burners are especially adaptable to the following types of heat requirements: RESIDENCE APARTMENT HOUSE OFFICE BUILDINGS KILNS SCHOOLS CHURCHES FACTORIES OVENS GREENHOUSES GARAGES LAUNDRIES METALURGICAL FURNACES Caloroil Burners manufactured in various sizes ' 353 Burners, Oil Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. Builders of Oil Burners NEW YORK Show Room: 46 E. 41st St. CHICAGO 208 S. La Salle St. Factory GALESBURG Illinois he winslow industrial TBURNER burns efficiently all fuel oils from 14 Mexican Crude up. The motor blower unit may be located at any convenient point near the boilers and connected to the burner assembly, in front of the boilers, by oil and air piping of correctly proportioned sizes. The motor blower unit has a high grade gear pump that pulls the oil from the stor age tank and delivers it at from 7 lbs. to 10 lbs. pressure to the burners. At the same time the blower is supplying the re quired air at low pressure, measured in ounces, to effect a thorough atomization of the oil. This unit is complete with a strainer, pressure gauge, check valve .and oil relief valve. Single motor blower un its handle a variety of burner assemblies and where dual units are twinned the capacities are not only doubled but the plant is insured against any shut down. There are several sizes, of motor blower units and also of burners. In specifying burners determine whether the boilers are to carry an overload. Ordi narily, steel boilers can be provided with burners rated at the boiler rating unless overloads are contemplated. On the other hand, cast iron boilers can usually be pro vided with burners rated at about 70 per cent of the boiler rating. This is due to the different methods of rating steel and cast iron boilers. Sliding Type The sliding type burner is particularly adapted to bake ovens, lead melting . and other special industrial installations. Equipped with a flex ible oil line permitting burner to be completely removed'from slide base'. Tilting Type The tilting type burner is usu ally employed in boiler room! work. The angle oil valve near, grip handle automatically shuts . off when burner is pulled back out of the boiler. 354 Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co, Burners, Oil Wherever possible specify two. smaller burner nozzles even though one larger one will do the work, so as to assure an easier control of fuel consumption. In nearly all boilers, two burners, by giving a wider flame distribution, reduce excess air, as suring better combustion. At the same time by utilizing more of the heating sur face, the efficiency is still further increased. Where loads are apt to be variable the double burner nozzle is ideal. where it is whirled off at tremendous speed, mixing with the air from the barrel and entering the boiler perfectly atomized. The cut to the left shows the balanced rotating cup and revolving turbine wheel. Two sets of ball bearings between these units insure low frictional resistance and high speeds. The cut to the right above shows the method of attaining atomization. The* oil travels down the central tube and impinges onto the concave-convex rotating disc. It whirls centrifugally to the edge of the disc and strikes the heel of the revolv ing cup in a thin film. It then travels along the inner wall of the cup to the rim The following partial list of WINSLOW BURNER assemblages will be of assist ance in determining correct sizes for a large scope of work. The ratings in column five are based on 100 square feet of steam radi ation per horse power and represent the total load the burners can handle. x-----------------Designation Motor Blower Unit No. of Burners Size of Burners Max. Approximate Approximate Steam Motor Unit ' Shipping - Radiation Floor Space Weight H. P. Pump Air'' Alexander... Anthony.... Austin.......... Barney......... Blame...... Bruce............ B-60 B-60 B-60 B-60 B-90 B-90 B-90 B-90 B-90 --B-I20 Curtis........... Delbert........ B-120 B-180 B-180 B-180 B-180 Eugene......... B-300 B-300 B-300 B-300 Frank........... B-500 3 T 10 2,400' 24'x24* 290 lbs. V* Vi* 2'- 1 T 30 4,000' 24'*24' 265 lbs. V* VS 2' v>. vs2 T 30 6,000' 24'x24' 280 lbs. V* VS 2" *1 T 40 5,000' 24'x24* 285 lbs. 2"' '/s2 T 30 7,000' 24*x24* 300 lbs. 1 VS 2" 3 T 30 9,000' 24'x24' 315 lbs. 1 2" 1 T 40 5,000' 24'x24* 290 lbs. 1 VS 2" 2 T 40 9,000' 24'x24' 305 lbs. . 1 Vi' 2' 1 T 70 7.000' 24x*'24'r 300 lbs. 1 VS 2" 3 / 2T 40 } 11,000' 24'x24' 2 / IT 70 i JT 40 I 11,000* 24*x24* 2 T 70 15,006* 28'x28' 3 . T 40 14,000* . 28#x28' . 4 T 40 17,000* 28'*28'r 5 T 30 18,000' 2S"z2&" 1 T 250 25,000* 28'x28' . 4 T 70 30,000* 28'rx28" 6. T 40 30.000* 28'x28* 8 T 30 30,000* 28"*28' 2 T 250 50,000' ' 28'x28* 320 lbs. 330 lbs. 365 lbs. 355 lbs. 370 lbs. 365 lbs. 400 lbs. 425 lbs. 455 lbs. 460 lbs. 550 lbs. 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 VS V/S '/? vs vvvvssss. 2vVsS 2VS vs vvvvssss 3* Yyy vs . 3' In addition to the WINSLOW, INDUSTRIAL burner described here' the Winslow Boiler ' & Engineering Company manufactures a complete line of fully automatic, residential and apartment house burners. The gas and the electric ignition KLEENHEET burners, with the vacuum oil feed elimina ting the .usual basement auxiliary tank, are built in a total of nine sizes and are' thus suitable for a great range of work. The Junior KLEEN-HEET burners, without the vacuum feed but completely automatic in operation, are in two sizes. The No. 10 is rated at one thousand feet hot water and is suitable for the average home. The No. 6 is especially adapted to Arcolas and small domestic water heaters. Inquiries to- the INDUSTRIAL DIVISION of the WINSLOW BOILER AND ENGINEERING COMPANY. 208 South La Salle Street, Chicago, Illinois, will be promptly answered. 355 Draft Gages Lewis M. Ellison 214 West Kinzie Street CHICAGO, ILL. FLLJSON Ellison Draft Gages [ DRAFT GAGES , -the recognized k <Jhe Entering standard for draft Wedgejo J measurements--com \BoilerRpomJ prise a complete line of draft gages of the highest accuracy, quality, and finish, for every draft condi tion, completely equipped. The move ment of oil in a glass tube is a fixed standard of measurement that stays calibrated--never changes. The scales have sliding movement for quick zero adjustment, requiring no reAiling for several years. Readings with red oil are visible across the boiler room. Bulletin of complete line on request Single-Tube Inclined*. This gage is for small boilers and furnaces, and for power boilers with operating draft not over the scale range of 3 inches. .It is equipped with seal for 400 feet chimney height, natural draft. Sincle-Tubb Inclined; This gage, far Power boilers, is made in 1, 134, 2, 9, 4, 6 inches scale range, suction or pressure. Air Filter Gace: This gage indicates the differential in air cleaning filters, piped from the inlet and outlet sides, complete with connections and casing inserts. Pointer is set for the highest permissible in crease in differential for properly filtering the air-- the most satisfactory and efficient filter gage known. Compound Inclined: This gage reads furnace draft to left, flue draft or differential to right of zero. Open Type Inclined: For laboratories and tech nical institutions, 2,8 inches range. Suspen sion plate relieves the gage from mounting strains, level adjusted with left suspension. Furnished with and without portable attachments. While metal scale. Combination Inclined: By turning the handle of the cock, this gage reads furnace draft, flue draft or differential, 1,1inch range. Portable Inclined: This gage was designed for traveling engineers, light and compact, 34. 34, l, 134, S inches scale range. Furnished with attachments in pressed aluminum carrying case for one or two gages. Half-inch gage set idealfor heating engineers. 356 Lewis M. Ellison Draft Gages Two-Tube Inclined: By means of the differential system, this gage reads l Co 134 inch furnace draft and differential simultaneously; flue and furnace drafts when differential cock is closed. Without differential system, t to 5 inches range. Multi-Tube Vertical: This gage is for the duel and zone pressures of forced draft traveling grate stokers.' It is made in S, 4,5, 6, 7, 8 tubes, in 7 inch scale range, with white enameled sliding scale,' requiring no refilling for several years. By means of an equalizer all chambers are filled in one filling. Furnished with panel or for gage board, complete with back connection fittings. Printed paper scales are furnished for marking the load curves, Firing Guide, in serted over the metal scale by simply removing the cover. ' Three-Tube Inclined: This gage is furnished with or without differential systems, with scales 1 to 134 inch range of like readings ora combination o readings from t to 6 inches scale range. Single-Tube Vertical: This gage ts made in thr.ee sizes, 4, ' ',12 inches scale range for suction, pressure or differential, for gage board and with or without panel. Four-Tube Inclined: This gage reads suction or pressure, 1 to 134 inches of like readings or a combi nation of readings from I to 734 inches. Like the stationary inclined gages, the scale is white enameled, readings visible across the boiler room. With the slid ing scale feature, the gage requires no re filling for several years. The efficient pressure range is carried 6ctween pointers, set by removing the cover. 357 Drying Equipment 11 South Desplaines Street Air Conditioning, Varnish Drying, High Temperature Baking Equipment and Heating Equipment. HILE the designing, Wmanufacture and in stallation of drying systems is an essential part of our business, we should first be considered as engi neers--specialists in problems involving drying, high tem perature baking, processing, ventilating and air condi tioning. The accompanying photo graphs illustrate two types of Drying Systems, Inc., high temperature equipment which deliver air at tem-. peratures ranging from 250 deg. to 700 deg. fahr. An air washer, or Phoenix Filter, is usually installed in connec tion with these heaters. This equipment, built in unit sections, is ex ceptionally economical, as well as entirely safe. It is being successfully applied for drying and baking decorative finishes in many diversified industries and for the The Harrison Aerlube Heater processing of a number of different materials. We manufacture an Induced Draft Heater, in which the working air is mixed with the products of combustion. This equipment is particularly adaptable for drying articles which are finished with a preservative coating, and for .the drying of such materials as abrasives, insulating pro ducts and foundry cores. Practically every drying or heating installation presents new conditions and different engineering problems. Our staff of experienced engineers, specialists in Air Condition ing, is available to analyze your individual requirements --without obligation. We invite correspondence and requests for literature cover: ing any particular problem. Drying Systems, Inc. Drying Equipment The utilization of waste -heat is a highly developed practice offering many op portunities for scientific waste heat equipment. Some un usual and very satisfactory installations of this equips - ment have been made in a number of different indus tries, practically eliminating hitherto material operating costs. Wherever hot, effluent gases are available, great economies can be effected by conserving this heat. In Typical Installation of Automatic Air Con ditioning Equipment in Modem Bakery many cases such heat can be used advan prepared to offer Air Conditioning Service tageously for drying, baking and space in-all its branches. Special installations heating, since the effluent gases are not for paper mills, bakeries, candy factories, mixed with the delivered air. . public and manufacturing buildings have AIR CONDITIONING By arrangement with the American Blower Company, manufacturers!Sirocco Equipment, and through the acquisition of a staff of specialists in this work, we are been conspicuously successful. Bulletins and information covering this subject will be forwarded on request. A consultation with our air conditioning specialists places you under no obligation. ' The Phoenix Constant-Effect Air Filter is an advanced type of viscous film filter applicable for any service wherein clean air is required. This filter is auto matic and comprises four important exclusive features, namely: .. Unvarying Cleaning Efficiency Constant Resistance Self Cleaning Minimum Operating Cost The Phoenix Air Filter The Phoenix Air Filter is built in. sizes which are readily adaptable to any require ments--it is furnished in either single or double units, which range in capacity from 2,000 to 34,000 c:f'm. For larger air capacities, filters of three or four sections can be furnished. Bulletins covering this subject thoroughly and illustrating sizes and installations, will be sent upon request. 359 / Expansion Joints Established 1841 E. B. Badger & Sons Co. Manufacturers of Expansion Joints for High and Low Pressure OFFICE AND WORKS 63-75 Pitts Street, BOSTON, MASS. SALES OFFICE 101 Park Avenue, NEW YORK Badger Self-Equalizing Expansion Joints The Badger Self-Equalizing Expansion Joints are made from special seamless copper 'tubing, fitted with cast iron or steel rings to control the expansion and provide equal distribution over each corrugation. The joint is made in Standard and Extra Heavy patterns, and unless otherwise specified will be furnished with standard flanges for pressure up to 125 pounds and extra heavy flanges for all pressures from 125 pounds to 200 pounds. Monel metal sleeves can be furnished fitting inside of the corrugations, for use with super-heated steam and other high temperature fluids, at additional cost. Fig. t Fig. e This type of Joint is furnished in 4 in. and 5 in. sizes, with four and eight cor rugations to take 1 in. and 2 in. of ex pansion. For smaller sizes, we furnish a 4-in. joint with companion flanges, bolts and gaskets, tapped for the size required. This type of joint is made in sizes from 6 in. to 20 in. in clusive, with two, three, four or five corrugations, 2l/ in. deep, each corrugation taking in. of expansion. Specifications on Badger Expansion Joints Fig. 1 FOUR-CORRUGAT1ON Size Finished India Weight Pounds FrK EIGHT-CORRUGATION Inches Finished Weight Pounds Price Each Add to List Prices for Extra Heavy hlanga 4 12% 5 12X 65 $76.00 78 82.00 19% 19% 95 $102.00 $4.60 no 110.00 5.35 For sizes up to 3M in* inclusive, add S4.00 net to price of 4-in. joint for American Standard 125 pound companion flanges, bolts and gaskets; and $5.00 net for Extra Heavy American Standard flanges, bolts and gaskets, tapped to size required. Fig. 2 Two Comigation Size Inches F/F Fin. wt. Price Inches Pound Each Three Corrugation F/F Fin. wt. Price Inches Pounds Each Four Corrugation F/F Fin. wt. Price Inches Pounds Each Five Comigation F/F Fin. wt. Price Inches Pounds Each Add to List Prica for Ex. Hy. Flanges 6 I2V7 146 $126.00 16 200 $155.00 19 236 $187.00 7?IA 285 $216.00 $ 7.43- 8 12V? 187 156.00 16 250 188.00 19 293 211.00 22# 345 243.00 13.25 10 m 258 182.00 16 325 219.00 19 395 254.00 22/2 465 291.00 17.05 12 13 338 222.00 I6V7 410 262.00 19>/2 493 300.00 23 570 340.00 21.63 14 16 1133VV?i 404 476 252.00 17 285.00 17 490 296.00 20 570 334.00 20 576 337.00 2i'A 660 381.00 672 382.00 23'A 765 431.00 24.55 34.15 18 14 546 320.00 I7ty 645 374.00 21 760 428.00 24 851 483.00 53.84 20 15 669 388.00 18'/, 765 450.00 21'/, 911 511.00 24V4 1010 573:00 56.48 Sizes larger than 20 in. can be furnished on special order. 360 Expansion Joints PITTSBURGH R; W. Sharon Co. Offices 8060-61 Jenkins Arcade SOLE MANUFACTURERS ' - . PENNSYLVANIA We also manufacture the following articles under the Tyler Patents: Wall Brackets, Pipe Rests, Condensation Meters and Hot Water Meters Outlets mll as C OPEAt PJZOViD0/FD5/f&Z> `. L Overall . SIZE 0 c D E r G H K PP /% 2 2h 79% 77% 6% 9% to S 5 *>% 2$ 2* 27% /$ 9% //%. 5$ sin 27$ 3 23% 20% 9% ah 6% sh 23$ 3$ 3 24% 2ti 9% 9% 14 7 23% 4. 3`k 24% 2/% 70% 70$ /4*i 7& aW 24$ 4% 3% 26$ 23i /oi /0?8 16 7% 6% 26$ 5 4 28$ 24$ ntt 70% t7 3$ 6% 27% 6S 25% tZ% 77% t8 9 8 29$ 7 6 32$ 26% 74% 72$ t9h 9% 8$ 32% 87 am 15$ 73$ 2/* 77)$ 96 34% 9 7 36% 29% tCh 73$ 22 // 9% 33$ /o 7 37$ Jo% nh 73B 23 77*0 70% 37% 12 /4 a to. 40$ 32$ 20% 45$ 35S 23% 7104$$ 251 72% 28% 74% t3% t3% 40% 45$ /5 to 47fc 37$ 24% 76$ 30 IS t3% 46% !<* /s to 10 48% 30% 25% /&$ 3/ 30$ 40% 285 76% 33 /5 14% 47$ 76$ 7Sk 495 Dimension Sheet for Style No. 1 Single Expansion Joint All dimensions in inches Specifications given in this Table for estimation purposes only. Working dimensions furnished on request. Semi-steel construc tion for pressures up to 250 lbs. Cast steel construction for pressures in excess of 250 lbs. Sizes on single and double Expansion Joints larger than 18 in. and up to 36 in. can be furnished. Tyler Joints never stick Tyler Guided Single Expansion Joints Type No. 102--Style No. 1 361 Fans and Ventilating Equipment American Blower Company Detroit, Michigan Atlanta, Ga., 614-615 AUen Bldg. Baltimore. Md., 811 American Bldg. Birmingham, Ala., 1308 American Trust Bldg. Boston, Mass., 10 High Street Buffalo, N. Y,, White Bldg. Charlotte, N. C., 208 Piedmont Bldg. Chicago. III., 140 S. Dearborn Street Cincinnati. Ohio, 1109-11 Kieth Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio, 526 Swetiand Bldg. Columbus, Ohio, 321 First National Bank Bldg. Dallas, Texas, 1015 Mercantile Bank Bldg. Davenport, Iowa, 904 Bldg. . Detroit, Mich., 2539 Woodward Ave. Denver, Colo., 1228 California Street Grand Rapids, Mich., 308 Shepard Bldg. Indianapolis, Ind., 819 Continental Bank Bldg. Kansas Citt, Mo., 310-312 Mutual Bldg. Los Angeles, Calif., 405 Detwilcr Bldg. Milwaukee, Wis., 911 Majestic Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn., 800-6 La Salle Ave. Newark, N. J., 79 Ogden St. New Orleans, La., 521 Baronne Street New York, N. Y., 50 Church Street Omaha, Nebr., 713 Peters Trust Bldg. Philadelphia, Pa., Otis Bldg.. 112 S. 16th Street Pittsburgh, Pa., 2135-36 Oliver Bldg. Portland, Ore., 1006 Spaulding Bldg. Rochester, N. Y., 522 Cutler Bldg. Salt Lake Citt, Utah, Dooly Bldg. San Francisco, Calif., 737 Rialto Bldg. Seattle, Wash., 605 Leary Bldg. Schenbctadt, N. Y., 147 Jay Street St. Loui3, Mo., 1221 Boatmen's Bank Bldg. Tacoma, Wash., 1127-31 St. Paul Ave. Manufacturers of Heating, Ventilating, Cooling, Purifying, Humidifying, Drying, Mechanical Draft, Conveying and Blast Equipment; Vertical Self- * Oiling Steam Engines, Steam Traps; Fans and Blowers for All Purposes. "Sirocco" System of Purifying, Cooling and Humidifying For Purifying and Humidifying. air in Schools, other Public and Semi-Public . Buildings. . ' For Humidifying and Cooling Air in Textile Mills, Food and Confectionery Plants, Printing Houses, and other industrial Plants. For Dehuraidifying and Cooling in Candy Factories, Bakeries. Photo Film Drying Rooms, Blast Furnaces, Electric Generators, etc. "Sirocco" Multiblade Fans and Blowers For Heating, Ventilating and Cooling in Public, Office, industrial and Educational Buildings. . For Drying and Mechanical Draft. Several exclusive features make the "Sirocco" Fan the most efficient air-moving machine obtainable, for any of the many classes of service for which it is adapted. Its high efficiency is due to adcsign which, with large inlet, wheel without obstructions, specially curved blades and easy flowing lines, offers a minimum resistance to the passage of the air through the fan. These refinements in design are accompanied by a mechanical construction which is not only unusually rugged, but pleasing in appearance. "ABC" Air Washing and Cooling Fan The "ABC" Air Washing and Cooling Fan docs the work of the centri fugal fan, the air washer and the pump required for circulating water in a separate washer, and does this with less power and with material reductions in installation, maintenance and operating costs. It is an automatic, highly effective and durable unit that adequately provides for purification, ' humidification and cooling. . The "ABC" Air Washing and Coolihg'Fan is used in Schools, Theatres, Clubs. Churches, Auditoriums, Stores and Industrial Buildings, where it insures good air conditions."conducive to comfort and increased working . capacity. It requires a minimum of attention and occupies small floor space.- "Ventura" Disc Fans "Ventura" Disc Fans deliver large volumes of air at low pressure or against low resistance. Cost of fan and installa tion is low and power consumption is' insignificant. For ventilating rooms and buildings--pulley or motor driven-- 600 C. F. M. to 17,500 C. F. M. "Venturafin" Unit Heaters "Venturafin" Unit Heaters are light compact heating units of large capacity, adapted for heating many types of indus trial buildings and for augmenting existing inadequate systems. Ranging in capacity from 125,000 to 650.000 B.t.u. 362 f Fans and Ventilating Equipment Bayley Manufacturing Co. 730 Greenbush Street MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN Branch Offices New York Citt--Suite 503, 30 Church Street Chicago. III.--1156 First National Bank Bldg. ' Des Mowes, Iowa--403 Observatory Bldg. ' Cleveland, Ohio--523 Penton Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa.--Leiendecker Bros., Fulton Bldg. Detroit, Mich.--Purcell Stone Co., 2847 Grand River Ave. Salt Lake Citt, Utah--P. W. Belcher. Dooly Block St. Louis, Mo.--1928 Railway Exchange Bldg. Indianapolis,Ind.--Geo.H. Jerge,425BoardofTradeBldg. Heating, Ventilating, Air-Washing, Exhaust and Drying Equipment Separate bulletins are issued on Air Washers, B.t.u. Heaters, Dryers, Chinook Heaters, Plexiform Fans, Exhaust Fans, Disc Fans. These will be furnished on request. The Company also furnishes engineering information in connection with the application of any of the products manufactured. Plexiform Fans A well-balanced fan for ventilating public, office and . industrial buildings, mines, tunnels, etc., and for heating, drying and air wash ing systems. Space and power economy are some of the advantages it offers. .Complete infor mation in Bulletin No. 26. The Bayley Chinook Heater is a tube-within-a- tube radiator without return bends, elbows or nipples. Circulation is established from the steam chamber through the inner tube, and back through the outer tube to the return chamber. Used in connection with the Plexiform fan, also for indirect radiation, and for cooling water. Complete infor mation in Bulletins Nos. 24 and 30. - Bayley Turbo-Air Washer The superiority cf this washer is in the atomiser which atomises the liquid by means of a rapidly rotating cone with pins at its periphery. As distinct from all other types cfwashers, it will not clog because it operates on the principle of centrifugal force breaking the water into a finely atomized spray--the water is delivered to the revolving cone through a large orifice nozzle and at low pressure. This revolutionary non-clogging feature assures a steady, uniform spray with intimate contact between air and spray. No screen in pump intake requiring cleaning and nofine orifice nozzles to require attention because of dogging. The Bayley Atomizer fits any air washer. Washers made in various sizes for washing air or gases and for use in chemical plants. Complete infor mation in Bulletin No. 25. 363 Fans and Ventilating Equipment Buffalo Forge Company Associated With Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America Buffalo, N. Y. BRANCHES New York. N. Y.. 39-41 Cortlandt St. Washington, D. C., Washington Loan & Trust Bldg. Philadelphia, Pa., 1303 Land Title Bldg. St. Louis, Mo., 515 Chemical Bldg. Boston. Mass., 177 State St. Cincinnati, O.. 606 Mercantile Library Bldg. Cleveland. O.. Kirby Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn., 120 South Ninth St. Pittsburgh, Pa.. 917 Union Arcade . Denver. Colo., 1718 California St. . Detroit. Mich.. 1772 W. Lafayette Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif.. 636 H. W. Heilman Bldg. Chicago. III., 662 W. Wash. Blvd. Indianapolis. Ind., 1016 Fletcher Trust Bldg. Atlanta. Ga.. Candler Bldg. ' ` San Francisco, Calif., Sharon Bldg. Seattle, Wash., 905 Olympic Way CANADIAN BRANCH Canadian Blower and Forge Co.. Kitchener, Ontario CARRIER AIR WASHERS One-piece eliminators and scrubbers that are easily assembled in a few minutes and give greatest cleaning effect known. Spray nozzles prevented from clogging by tank-width screen. Original efficiency is maintained indefinitely by a few min utes flushing out each week. Power Blowers and Exhausters have cast iron housings and are for belt or direct motor drive. Mill Exhausters. Standard and slow speed, high efficiency, and single or double exhausters are furnished for handling refuse or dust. For belted or direct drive. . Carrier Air Washer with Side Plate Removed. Note Spray in Operation Buffalo Duplex Conoidal Fans, shown below, maintain even pressure and good efficiency over Buffalo Niagara Conoidal Fans handle large quantities of air at high efficiency under big overloads in industrial plants. Low speed and great capacity well suited to belt drive. a greater range of air demand than is possible with any other construction. Best adapted to schools, Buffalo Disc Fans are very useful for removing steam, odors or foul air in shops, mills and factories. Belted or direct motor driven types. Buffalo Stoker Fans have highest efficiency at normal load where it counts most, utmost proven reliability.andhigh speed for direct connection to turbine or motors. They completely pro tect motors. public build ings, offices, etc. Moderate speed fo.r direct connec tion to motor. Send for Catalogue Buffalo Products Conoidal Multiblade Fans Carrier Air Washers Pipe Coil Heaters Ventilating Sets Disc Fans Humidifiers Generator Coolers Gas ScrubbersStoker Fans ' Induced Draft Fans Planing Mill Exhaust Fans 364 Dust Collectors Pressure Blowers Drying Apparatus Spray Nozzles Forge Shop Equipment y Fans and Ventilating Equipment Clarage Fan Company Kalamazoo, Michigan Boston Chicago Cleveland Los Angeles . Minneapolis St. Louis Buffalo Denver New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Birmingham, Ala. Detroit Omaha Atlanta Charlotte, N. C. Consult Telephone Directory for Street-Address of any of above Branch Offices Products--Heating and Ventilating Fans and Allied Apparatus. Multiblade Fans, Air Washers, Exhaust Fans, Pressure Blowers, Mechanical Draft Equipment, Heaters, Vertical Steam Engines. New Type HV Fan--Tested in accordance with the Standard Test Code, prepared by National Association of Fan Manufacturers and American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. New HV Fan, single inlet, shows 77 per cent maximum efficiency. Average multiblade fans show approximately 63 per cent maximum ef ficiency. This higher efficiency allows saving of 15 to 20 per cent in power requirements to drive. Lower power requirement often allows use of smaller motor or engine, saving ID to 15 per cent. Often HV Fan one size smaller will meet specifications, saving 25 to 20 per cent in first cost of fan equip ment. . Built in complete range of sizes for heating and ventilating schools, offices, theatres,' churches, factories etc. Capacities from 500 to 236.000 C. F. M. Constructed strong and sturdy for con tinuous duty with low upkeep. Furnished with babbitted, self-aligning, ring-oiling bearings, having special felt washer feature which keeps oil in and dirt out. Can be motor, engine or turbine driven by belt or direct connected. Improved Type V Washer--Spray nozzles so perfected that dense mist screen is obtained with lower pump pressures, effecting marked saving in . horse power for operating pump. Spray nozzles cannot clog. New construction of eliminator plates greatly simplifies erection. Suitable for all types Cooperative Service--Our engineers have compiled elaborate data on every Clarage product. This data will prove valuable in selecting equip ment. We wili gladly cooperate in every way possible. Write for Clarage literature. Size of Fan l'/z y 2 2'A 2'A 3 5Vz 4'A Volume at Air C. F. M. 2,322 3,156 .- 5.220 6,444 9,288 16,524 20,880 25,800 HV FAN CAPACITIES AT 1200* OUTLET VELOCITY vs S.P. Vi' S.P. vs S. P. R. P. M. 327 281 245 217 197 (64 136 120 106 96 B. R P. .22 .29 .38 .48 .59 .85 1.22 1.59 2.00 2.47 R.P. M. 402 345 301 .267 242 201 170 149 132 II9 B.RP. .31 .43 .56 .70 .66 1.24 1.80 2.35 2.96 3.65 R.P. M. 479 410 . 358 317 287 239 204 179 158 143 B. H. P. .43 .58 .76 .96 1.19 1.71 2.32 3.03 3.83 4.74 rs. p. R.P. M, 549 471 B. H. P. .55 .74 330 275 2.17 236 206 183 4.79 165 5.92 HV FAN CAPACITIES AT 1800* OUTLET VELOCITY Size Volume Vi'S.P. i vsi. P. 1'S.P. S. P. w S.P. 1 Vi* S. P. 2T S. P. of Fan of Air C.F.M. R. P.M. B. H.P. R. P.M. B. HP. R. P.M. B. H. P. R. P.M. B. H.P. R. P.M. B. R P. R. P.M. B. R. H.P. P.M. B. R P. \1Y%? 3,482 2 2'A 7,830 9,666 5 13,932 y/z 18.990 4 24,786 4'A 31,320 38,700 480 .68 412 .93 1.21 319 1.53 289 21..7818 199 3.70 175 4.83 155 6.09 139 7.54 530 .83 454 1.12 397 1.47 351 1.65 318 2.29 265 3.29 223 4.44 195 5.80 173 7.30 156 9.03 579 .97 497 1.32 433 1.73 384 2.18 348 2.69 290 3.88 244 5.07 214 6.62 189 8.35 171 10.3 628 1.13 538 1.53 470 2.00 417 2.53 377 3.12 314 4.46 265 6.01 232 7.86 206 9.92 185 12.3 683 1.30 585 1.77 512 2.31 453 2.92 5.20410 3.61 341 286 6.77 250 8.82 222 II.1 200 13.8 726 1.46 622 1.98 544 2.59481 3.26 346356 54..8014 309 7.65 270 240 12.5 216 15.6 775 2.24 3.70 4.58 232 17.8 Range of Sizes include No. M to No. 9 inclusive. 7!?$* Fans and Ventilaiing Equipment Ilg Electric Ventilating Company General Offices and Works: 2880 N. Crawford Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. NEW YORK 13 Park Row PHILADELPHIA 325 Commercial Trust Bldg. BALTIMORE Hearst Tower Bldg. ST. LOUIS 1421 Syndicate Trust Bldg. CLEVELAND 1314 Schofield Bldg. PITTSBURGH 1024 Bessemer Bldg. MINNEAPOLIS 442 Builders Exchange Bldg. CINCINNATI 903 Union Central Bldg. LOS ANGELES . 600 Metropolitan Bldg. ' DETROIT 204 Owen Bldg. BOSTON 136 Federal St. INDIANAPOLIS 514 Board of Trade Bldg. ROCHESTER : 941 Granite Bldg. Ilg Universal Blowers--Direel Connected and Belled--no bearings in inlet. Ball-bearing. - grease lubricated motors. Sizes 10 in. to 100 in. ' ' CATALOGS Complete Catalog, 200 Pages Condensed Catalog, 48 Pages BULLETINS Unit Heaters Garage Heating . Fog Reduction and Steam Removal Restaurant Ventilation Residence Ventilation Store and Office Ventilation Power Roof Ventilators Farm Ventilation . llgair Unit Heaters with Patented Ad Fans and Blowers for Railroads ' j. justable Deflector. For floor type or Industrial Ventilation ceiling type. Lowest power consump tion--easily connected to outside air. Ilg Fans Everywhere i 366 Fans and Ventilating Equipment The New York Blower Company CHICAGO, ILL. .. SALES OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES LAPORTE, IND. Fans--Blowers--Heaters--Air Washers--Engines--Ventilators--Forges TYPE M: E. SERI-VANE Fans for the heating and ventilating of public buildings, schools, theatres, factories, mines, etc. Bulletin Number 100 has complete data. Fans for mechanical draft, conveying systems, foundries, gas plants, stokers, etc. Pulley driven or motor driven disc and propeller fans of wide range. PEERLESS Air Washers for public and industrial buildings. Cooling . systems for thea tres, auditoriums, churches, depart ment stores, etc. Humidifiers and de-humidifiers for special processes and drying as paper, textiles, to bacco, glue, ieather and wood. COMET UNIT HEATERS for eco nomical heating and ventilating where Steam is used. Bulletin Number 85. FAN FURNACES for churches, fac tories, schools, etc., requiring heat without any steam plant. Bulletin Number 90. . Special Unit Heaters for offices, libra ries, and factories. SPECIAL DESCRIPTIVE BULLETINS OF EACH PRODUCT WILL BE GLADLY SENT. . 367 . V Fans and Ventilating Equipment L. J. Wing Mfg. Co. Branch Offices In Principal Cities 663 Hudson St., NEW YORK Phone: Chelsea 0027-0030 Factory: NEWARK. N. J. Manufacturers of Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters, Wing Turbine and Motor Driven Blowers, Wing-Scruplex Fans and Exhausters Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters The outstanding features of Wing Featherweight unit heaters are their extreme light weight (about one-tenth that of the old style) and small dimen sions, combined with the fact that driving motors are direct connected (no belts) and are out of the path of heated air. ` These features open a much broader field of application for this system of heating--which is generally accepted by engineers and architects as the best system for industrial plants and other buildings of large open areas such as garages, armories, etc. ' The features emphasised make possible suspending the units from ceiling or roof of any building, old or new. without necessitating additional strengthen ing of the structure; and the overhead installation makes it possible to run all steam and return lines overhead out of the way. Wing Featherweight unit heaters heat the floor or working level first. Being placed near the roof or ceiling, they withdraw the heated air which tends to accumulate there and return it to the working level where it is needed. Con siderable economy is effected by reducing the temperature directly under the roof where heat transmission is always the greatest. , Wing Featherweight unit heaters are made in four different designs: vertical, high ceiling, vertical medium ceiling, vertical low ceiling, and horizontal. Horizontal Type Methods of Installation The cuts show three different methods of installation, the units in each case being located well above the head line, out of the way. The third illustration shows the high ceiling type heater installed thirty feet from the floor above a traveling crane. The column of heated air leaves the heater with sufficient velocity to strike the floor with con siderable force from this point, but by the aid of adjustable diffusers the column is divided and directed so that no objectionable velocity is felt at the head line. The best and most economical installation of Wing Featherweight unit heaters is when they are placed close to the roof or ceiling. ` Vertical High Ceiling Heater [M Q zinc DEI lLHZ /N/l\ ZE Lz Size ' Unit Condensed Table of Engineering Data Ax A In. B In. C In. Temperature D Air In. C. F. M. H. P. Room Leav. B.t.u. Approx. per Hr. Shipping Available Weight 17-3-12 23x23 ?4 24 6 1950 22-3-12 28x28 27 27 6 3200 22-4-12 28x28 77 77 6 2800 22-5-12 28x28 77 27 6 2600 23-4-12 33x33 27 77 7 4800 25-5-12 33x33 77 27 7 4500 30-4-35 35x35 33 33 8 6900 30-5-35 35x35 33 33 8 6500 36-4-85 41 x4l 39 39 8 9600 36-5-35 41 x4l 39 39 8 9000 V* 65 65 H 65 65 7? 65 65 1 65 1 65 2 65 2 65 113 92.500 115 157.000 125 162.600 135 173.200 125 279.000 135 300.000 125 .401.000 135 433.000 125 558.000 135 599.400 210 270 280 290 320 330 360 360 500 530 KA Vertical Medium Ceiling Heater Wing Featherweight Unit Heaters 368 Vertical Low Ceiling Heater L. J. Wing Mfg. Co. Fans and Ventilating Equipment WING-SCRUPLEX EXHAUSTERS Wing Scruplex Exhausters consist of the highly efficient "screw propeller" fan and cased in appro priate manner with a motor on the outside where it is clean, cool and easy of access. They are used in duct work where the resistance is low and being de signed in the form of an elbow fit snugly in any line. The accompanying diagrams show the methods of installation. Bolted directly to Ceiling JcJ? Outlet Round. Speed R. p. n Proper Selection of Exhausters--Where par ticularly quiet operation is de- LLlif sired, as in offices, residences hospital wards, churches theatres, etc., use. lowest speeds in all sizes. For toilet rooms, laboratories, motion picture booths, stock-rooms, Hung from Ceiling Bolted directly to Side Wall '`Bdtied-to' , Floor'or '-Foundation Vertical Bolted to Side Wall etc., use any speed in sizes 1 and 2; low and medium speeds in all other sizes. In indus * ` WING-SCRUPLEX " Exhausters trial plants, hotel and restaurant e Free Air .15 in. . J5 in. .40 in. .50 in. kitchens, engine-. rooms, workshops, Cu. f. m. Hp. Cu. f. m. Hp. Cu. f. m. Hp. Cu. f. m. Hp. Cu. f. m. Hp. etc., use any speeds. 1-A 2-A 2-B 3-S yy--Ac 4-S 21 4-A 21 4-C 21 5-A 25 5-B 25 6-A 30 6-B 30 6-C 30 I0>/, 17V? 3> '3 21% 21% 2iy, 25 25 30 30 30 1750 1150 1750 850 1150 1750 850 1150 1750 1150 1750 600 850 1150 850 1440 2050 2I3C 2700 4000 2850 3575 5400 5200 8000 5500 7400 10250 0.052 0.060 0.195 0.090 0.180 0.600 0.100 0.170 0.540 0.330 1.330 0.210 0.550 1.500 630 950 1895 1250 2150 3720 2200 3150 3160 4720 7740 3725 6280 9320 0.054 0.069 0.208 0.110 0.195 0.635 0.125 0.200 0.600 0.380 1.360 0.250 0.600 1.550 330 395 1695 1550 3510 1610 7775 4990 475(1 7540 7375 5450 8950 0.060 0.090 0.216 0.221 0.655 0.150 0.220 0.650 0.440 1.400 Q.330 0.740 1.570 1155 3150 1950 4670 3300 7175 4000 8000 6.248 0.700 0.245 0.710 0.530 1.480 6.830 1.620 750 2810 1550 4440 2610 6900 3400 7340 0.285 0.720 0.280 0.750 0.600 1.540 0.960 1.760 The accompanying table gives perform ances at static presures up to H in. Com plete table up to l in. static on request. WING-SCRUPLEX FANS Wing Souplex Fans are built in the following sixes: 10 in.. 13 in., 17 in.. 22 in.. 25 in. 30 in 36 in.. 42 in.. 54 in., and 60 in. Capacities from 950 C. F. M. to 33.000 C. F. M. Up to 25 in' diameter, propellers are made of cast aluminum alloy while the larger sixes are of pressed steel' Wing-Scruplex Fan WING FORCED DRAFT BLOWERS * The Wing Type E M blower makes the ideal forced draft for heating bodere. This small, compact propeller fan outfit is an integral unit, ready to mstalL No belting or coupling; the fan is right on the motor shaft. Where the base of the boiler is not high enough to accommo date the fan casing, the blower is provided with feet for mounting, placed a short distance away and connected to the boiler by means of a small piece of duct. E M units are furnished either in D. C., polyphase or single phase with speed regulation; or with squirrel cage motors and damper regulation. Type REV. Turbine Driven The Wing Turbine Blower, while long con sidered standard equip-' ment for supplying forced draft to handfired boilers, has in more recent years be come widely used for stokered boilers as well, a single blower deliver ing enough air to develop as nigh as 1000 h. p. Either manual or automatic operation may be had. Ask for Bulletin 67. . 369 Type E M Motor Driven Fans and Ventilating Equipment Atlanta, Ga. Boston, Mass. Buffalo. N. Y. Camden. N. J. Chicago, IU. Cincinnati. O. Cleveland, O. Dallas. Tex. Denver, Colo. Detroit. Mich. . Hartford. Conn. Indianapolis, Ind. Kansas City. Mo. B. F. Sturtevant Co. Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. . PLANTS LOCATED IN Cahdbn. N. J. Htde Park. Mass. Framingham, Mass. Sturtevant. Wis. Galt, Ont. Berkeley, Calif. Los Angeles. Cal. Minneapolis, Minn. Montreal, P. Q. New York, N. Y. Pittsburgh, Pa. Portland. Ore.. Rochester, N.'.Y.' St. Louis, Mo.v Salt Lake City. Utah San Francisco, Cal. Seattle. Wash. Toronto, Ont. Washington, D. C. PRODUCTS CATALOGS Heating and Ventilating Equipment Multivane Volume Blowers and Ex hausters; Propeller and Disc Type Volume Exhaust Fans; Heaters; Air Washers; Engines and D. C. Motors; Galvanized Duct Work; Portable Ventilating Sets; Autoforce Ventilators. . Power House Equipment Fuel Economizers; Mechanical Draft Ap paratus; Turbine and Steam Engine Gener ator Sets; Gasoline Electric GeneratorSets; Generator Cooling; Steam Engines; Steam Turbines; Transmission Gears. . Industrial Equipment High Pressure, Medium Pressure and Low Pressure Blowers; Volume Blowers; Planing Mill Exhausters; Cupola Blowers; Gas Blowers and Boosters; Gas Ex hausters; Forges and Forge Blowers; Acid Proof Fans; Pneumatic Collecting and'Conveying Systems; Steam Exhaust Heads. . Air Conditioning Equipment Paper, Glue, Wood and Leather Drying, Vapor Absorption Systems; Air Washing, Humidifying and Dust Removing Systems ; Dehumidifying Systems. Vacuum Cleaning Equipment Stationary Plants for Home and In dustrial Use; Portable Vacuum Cleaners of all sizes for all work. . Engineering Service As every installation presents certain, factors which must be analyzed before the proper apparatus can be recommended intelligently, our engineering staff is trained to study each problem thoroughly. Consult them, they are at your service without obligation. Publications The STURTEVANT line is so varied that a comprehensive presentation in one publi cation is undesirable. We have, therefore, issued a special bulletin on each particular line, covering the mechanical details. Air Conditioning No. 295 Air Washers. 25 Air Washers--Canadian 278 Air Conditioning. ' 246 Generator Cooling. Climate Doctors. Drying . No. 298 Sturtevant-Brownell Dryer. 299 Drying Systems. 243 Paper Drying. 1052 Vegetable Dryers. 314 High Humidity Lumber Dry Kilns. 289 Hosiery Dryer. 305 Poultry Manure Dryer. Heating and Ventilating . No. 283 Autoforce Ventilators. ' 230 Heaters. 215 Heating and Ventilating Treatise. 1014 Heating and Ventilating Government . Buildings. 227 Heating and Ventilating Layouts--Blue print Books. '- 1013 Heating and Ventilating Public Buildings. . 1012 Heating and Ventilating Schools. 279. Disc and Propeller Fans. . 290 Silentvane Fans. 306 Hot Blast Heater. . Mechanical Draft No.' 236 Forced Draft Fans. 276 Turbo Undergrate Blowers, Design.3. 286 VD-7 Turboblower. 288 Forced and Induced Draft with Mech anical Stokers. - Pneumatic Collecting and Conveying ^ Systems v No. 262 Granite Dust Removal Systems.. `- 245 Cotton Fans. Design 7. 234 Steel Plate Blowers and Exhausters. 252 Steel Plate Fan Performance Charts 292 Pneumatic Collecting and Conveying Systems. - Power Apparatus No. 222 Fuel Economizers in Paper Mills. 255 Gasoline Electric Generating Sets. 239 Steam Engine Generating Sets. 311 Steam Turbines. 311 Steam Turbine Generating Sets. 263 VS-7 and 8 Engines Instruction Book 307. Marine Engines. ' 309 Turbo Transmissions. 275 Gear Transmissions. ' 284 Polyphase Motors. _ . 301 Cindervane Fans. 370 Furnaces, Warm Air Langen berg Manufacturing Co. 4549 No. Euclid Ave. :: ST. LOUIS, MO. Dealers in all parts of the United States UNIT HEATER Results speak for themselves. * Ample capacities, a wide flexibility and a most economical use of power used and energy created makes > this system a most desirable one from a user's and architect's point of view. Churches, Schools, Stores, Audi toriums, etc., are being successfully heated and ventilated by this modern system. . A most complete engineering staff and department is maintained by this Company for the designing of work that requires heating, ventilation and air conditioning. :^ We specialize in high class residential heating plants. The following data is given complete for the use of Architects and Engineers. Installations made anywhere in;the United States and Canada. ' DATA ON UNIT HEATER No. of Fan Units Diam. Casing Inches Diam. Diam. Depth Area Diam. Height Height Drum Fre Pot Fire Pot of Grate of Rad. of Rad. of Drum Inches Inches Inches Sq.In. Inches Inches Inches Height of Unit Overall With One-Way Outlet ' Diam. Smoke JSL U-453 45 22 20 15 283 10 35 58 U-513 51 26 23 . 15 360 II 35 59 U-573 U->1 57 29 26 15 490 13 38 62 66 32 29 19 616 18 41 69 U-661-H 66 32 29 19 616 18 58 97 8' 8' 8'-9" 9'-6" 12' . 9 9 10 10 Area of Outlet In Sq. In. Size at Feed Door Openings Inches Cu. Ft. Air per Minute Fan Cu. Ft. Air per Minute Gravity Ap proximately RIP. M. of Fan Diam. of Fan Inches H. P. Required Approximate B.t.u. Shipping Guaranteed Weight at 9 lb. per Including sq. ft. Motor Lb. (See Note) 452 616 707 1018 1018 12xI3'/2 12x13'/, I2xI3'/2 12x13'/, 12x13'/2 3500 3900 4400 5900 7000 1400 1570 1750 2400 2600 365 390 314 21 236 24 275 24 Vz Vz VVI** 1350 1550 1850 2150 2250 180,576 252,396 314,640 383,040 406.980 Note: When burning Illinois Coal producing about 12,000 B.t.u. as ordinarily burned. Other fuel will give different rating. Unless otherwise specified, furnace will be rated on 9 lb. of coal per sq! ft. of grate when estimated. Furnaces, Warm Air Moncrief Furnace Co. . Atlanta, Ga. Henry Furnace & Foundry Co. Cleveland, Ohio ' MONCRIEF INDUSTRIAL TUBULAR FURNACE Cast Iron Construction A heat generator of high efficiency for heating churches, schools and industrial plants with the fan blast system. Weight 5000 lb., grate surface 7 sq. ft. Radiating surface 320 sq. ft. Capacity .780,000 B.t.u. per hour. Installed singly or in batteries with steel or brick casing. Adapted for coal or oil burning. Moncrief Industrial Tubular Furnace MONCRIEF WARM AIR FURNACES All Cast Top Return Flue Moncrief No. 500A Series Pipe and Pipeless Furnaces are supplied with auxiliary wood burning grates. Equip- ment includes water pan, regulator and poker. Grates are triangular, four in number and practically self-cleaning. Fire pots made in two pieces. Feed Section . in one piece. Radiators, two piece, cast with smoke and cleanout collars, casfras part of radiator--not bolted on. Pot Furnace SPECIFICATIONS Furnace No. Diameter of Firepot in inches Ratio of Heating Surface to Grate Surface Diameter of Casing in inches Free Area Through Casing in sq. in. Leader Pipe Capacity in sq. in. 20-A 22-A 24-A 27-A 530-A 20 24 : 1 36 22 22 : 1 40 24 21 : 1 44 27 20 : 1 48 30 21 : 1 56 368 487 558 726 1044 438 574 684 835 1050 Grate Area ' in sq. ft. B.t.u. Capacity De- . livered at Register. 7'/2 lbs. per sq. ft. grate, per hour Diameter of Smoke Pipe in inches 1.39 1.97 2.4 3.02 3.68 55,200 78,000 94,500 120,000 145,000 8 9 9 9 10 Leader Pipe Capacities Are Dependent Upon Pipe Sires Being Figured In Accordance With The Standard Code. 372 Furnaces and Boilers The XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. General Office and Factory Akron, Ohio . Manufacturers of Warm Air Furnaces, Steam and Hot Water Boilers The Horizontal Flow Heater is a new design in warm air furnace con struction especially effective when used with fan system for heating schools, churches and large public buildings. Manufactured in six sizes for ordinary service but can be installed in battery with as many units as may be required for special cases. I The Horizontal Flow Healer Pal. Dec. 13, 1921--Jan. 23, 1923 We will furnish estimates on your requirements upon receipt of plans and specifications. We also manufacture a full line of both hard and soft coal furnaces for residence heating. Catalogs and descriptive matter will be gladly furnished upon application. 373 Healers, Air Main Office and Factories 1490 South Vandeventer Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Eastern Office and Factories 170 Bayway, Elizabeth, N. J. Sole and exclusive manufacturers of Skinner Bros Steam Coil Heater. Skinner Bros Direct Fired Heater, Skinner Bros Slow-Speed Dust-Collecting System, Skinner Bros Revolving Siphon Ventilator. Skinner Bros Patented Fan Blast Dryer Outfit, Exhaust Heads. Exhaust and Blow Piping, Slow-Speed Fans, Buffing and Emery Wheel Systems. Baltimore. Md....... Boston. Mass........... Buffalo, N. Y........ Chicago, III............... Cleveland. Ohio... Detroit. Mich......... Indianapolis. Ind. Direct Factory Branches in the Following Cities .2 E. Lexington Street ............ 445 Little Bldg. ........702 Morgan Bldg. ........1703 Fisher Bldg. ......612 Marshall Bldg. .........308 Scherer Bldg. Minneapolis. Minn............ New York. N. Y........... . Philadelphia, Pa.................. Pittsburgh. Pa....................... San Francisco. Cauf. Spokane. Wash...................... Washington. D. C............... Sales Offices in All Principal Cities .802 Met. Life Bldg. ..1702 fHatiron Bldg. ..1711 Sansom Street .715 Magee Street ........409 First Ave. .......714 Evans Bldg. SKINNER BROS STEAM COIL HEATER Skinner Heater excels through scientific construction and simplicity of operation, it responds immediately, performs constantly and at lowest cost. This heater will con tinually maintain a uniform comfortable tem perature, at all times, permeating the remotest corners and recesses of the open spaces in a plant or factory, multi-story building, one or more floors of any type of building or size of space to be heated, regardless of weather conditions or temperature fluctuations. . Skinner Bros Steam Coil Heater is a single enclosed unit which contains a series of steam coils compactly mounted over a powerful multivane fan wheel. No outside pipes or- ducts are used for air distribution. Humidity , is properly controlled at all times. This ductless heater.; is the ,pioneer and the origi nator of the ductless system-for heating, ventilating and air conditioning of multi-story buildings, one or more floors in factories, industrial plants, mills and building, of every type and size where steam is available. When operated as a heater, cold air near the floor level or from outside is drawn into the unit and after being thoroughly warmed during its passage upward and around the steam coils, it is gently diffused through outlet hood to all parts of the building. Every part of the open building space is kept at a uniform, comfort able working temperature, even in the coldest weather. Skinner Heater is constructed in the floor type and .... , ., the inverted type for overhead suspension. Use live or exhaust steam at high or low pressure, fan operated by any power available. Most economical heating equipment possible to obtain and maintained at a cost that is exceedingly low.- Completely assembled before shipment. Heaters are portable, require no special foundation, can be easily moved and relocated by common labor, ready for operation without delay. Skinner Heater will also dry textiles, soaps, fruits, vegetables, candies and all similar products. 1 hey are particularly adapted for steam and vapor removal in packing plants, creameries, laundries, paper mill machine and beater rooms, textile and woolen mills, drying and cleaning establishments in which their installation guarantees the prevention of condensation, drippage and excessive moisture, and are recom mended for controlling humidity in printing plants. Skinner Heaters are positively guaranteed to give satisfactory performance under all conditions when the heaters are installed as directed by our engineers. Skinner Bros Steam Coil Heater is built in eight (8) standard sizes and three (3) models, delivering 50.000 to 3.000,000 B. T. U.'s and Skinner Bros Direct Fired Heater is built in three (3) standard sizes and two (2) designs, with B. T. U. deliveries from 150,000 to 1.500.000. Complete information concerning the size units in which Skinner Bros Steam Coil Heaters are manu factured, with the size motor required, and their equivalent of direct radiation, will be cheerfully gtven bn request. 374 Skinner Brothers Manufacturing Company, Inc. Healers, Air SKINNER BROS DIRECT FIRED HEATER Designed for use in plants, factories, mills, . foundries, machine and railway shops, round houses,' single floor, monitor and multi-story buildings of every type and size, where steam is not available. Constructed on correct mechanical and scientific principles. Supplies proper distribution of heat units and holds a uniform, fixed temperature under all conditions. The pioneer ductless system of heating, ventilating and air conditioning which insures the greatest economy. Simplicity of operation, low cost of installation and maintenance, securing maximum amount of heat with minimum amount of fuel, requiring very limited floor space, are compelling features of a Skinner Heater. Skinner Bros Direct Fired Heater burns coal, coke, wood, gas or oil.- Skinner Heaters equipped with oil burning attachments are ideal. . Wherever used these installations have received the highest endorsement. Heaters are sturdily built and tested to stand the constant intense heat generated by oil burners. Skinner Heaters do not create drafts or air blasts. Every part of the building is thoroughly and uniformly . heated. Heaters are portable, can be easily moved, quickly relocated, ready to use. t Brief Description of Skinner Bros Direct Fired Heater All internal parts consisting.of fire pot, combustion chamber, ash chamber and doors are made of heavy cast iron. Heater is solidly built throughout. Grate bars are tri angular with diamond-shaped edges, close fitting with extended shaker rod, and removable shaker bar. Ample air space is provided for to obtain perfection corilbustion. Fan is of the improved multivane type, acknowledged to be the best for air distribution, and rigidly built. It delivers a maximum amount of air with a minimum expenditure of power. Fan is operated by any power available. The Fan Housing is so constructed that the wheel can be removed from either side. The air inlet at the bottom of the heater is so constructed, that air may be drawn into the heater from out of doors if desired. . Provides More Heat at Less Cost > No distributing ducts are required to maintain an even temperature in the largest space with this heater. The fan draws in the cold air at the bottom, passes it over the heated surface and out at the top of the heater, establishing a steady movement of air throughout the room and away from the heater at the top and back but towards the fan at the floor. The forced draft damper gives a wide range for intensifying the fire and an accurate control of fuel consumption. With this damper, the air force created by the operation of the fan can be directed through the grates to the burning fuel to whatever extent desired, keeping the fire at all time under perfect control. . Skinner Heaters Will Cool and Ventilate Your Plant in the Summertime Skinner Bros Direct Fired Heater is not only an unexcelled heater but it serves as an air conditioner and cooling system in hot weather. When acting as such it is operated without firing, the powerful multivane fan drawing cold air from the floor level or from out of doors and gently casting it through the overhead hood over the entire space in the building. With the steam supply shut off, Skinner Bros Steam Coil Heater functions in warm weather in the same manner. ; Skinner Heater is built in various units and for each particular requirement. The size heater and most desirable location for it will be recommended upon receipt of a floor plan or a rough sketch of the building in which the heater is to be installed. Skinner Heaters of both types are fully guaranteed, when installed as directed by our engineers, to keep every part of the building at a comfortable working temperature, at all times, regardless of weather conditions. ' ^' Complete information concerning the size units in which Skinner Bros Direct Fired Heaters are manu- aclured, with the size motor required, will be cheerfully given on request.. 375 Heaters, Unit The Herman Nelson Corporation Moline, Illinois Belfast, Mb. Boston Nbw Haven New York Crrr Stracuse BRANCH SALES AND SERVICE STATIONS Philadelphia Scranton Pittsburgh Grano Rapids Detroit Cleveland Columbus Toledo Indianapolis Chicaqo Deb Moines Milwaukee Minneapolis St. Louis Emporia Omaha Kansas Crrr Denver 8alt Lake Crrr Spokane Portland Seattle Vancouver Toronto Product: Univent System of Ventilation. Univent: The Univent, which is electrically operated draws fresh. air through the wall or window, cleans it, warms it to a comfortable temperature and diffuses this fresh air to every nook and corner of the room. There are six UNIVENT models: "S," "S-D," "R," "O," "W" and "W-R." Each of these models are made in various sizes and capacities to meet most problems in ventilation. * Cabinet: All models are 38 in. high. Model "S" and "S-D" >n* deep, model "R," "O," "W" and "W-R" are 16 in. deep. The width of the various models vary according to their capacity. The Univent cabinet is built of high grade furniture steel, properly re-inforced to insure utmost rigidity and durability. The light front panel is easily removed making all parts accessible for cleaning and inspection. The cabinet is regularly finished with two coats of olive green, enamel, baked on. Open View of UNIVENT Illustrating A--Copper radiator without a single joint, absolutely leak-proof. ' B--Air filter easily removable for cleaning. C--Cone type fan specially insulated for quiet operation. Radiator: The radiator is made of pure copper plates securely and tightly pressed to coreof special silumin metal. Silumin metal is non-corrosive. This is a leak proof, high capacity, last-forever radiator, with low temperature surface. It heats air from 40 deg. below zero to 70 deg. or from zero to 110 deg. when the Univent is in operation. Univent Fan and Motor: A single aluminum low speed fan is used. No housing is necessary for this fan. All models of Univent can be equipped with direct or 60 cycle alternating current motors, and are recommended in the following order: Direct-current, poly phase, alternating current, single-phase alternating current. Filter: Filters for removing dirt, dust, soot and sand from the air can be installed in the Univent if desired. No nuts, bolts or screws are necessary for installation. ' \ Automatic Temperature Control: Any well known system of temperature control may be used with the Univent System. Capacities: Four sizes of each model with capacities varying from 500 to 1500 cu. ft. of air per minute can be furnished. Service Stations--Information: Rep resentatives and Service men are located in each of the cities listed above; .. Catalogs containing complete engineer ing data can be furnished on request to our main office at Moline, Illinois. 376 Healers, Unit BtxaeH Offices aod Represesbtives ST. PAUL, MINN. PORTLAND. ORE. Power Equipment Co., 16-17 Lewis Bldg. SEATTLE, WASH. Power Equipment Co., 1347 Dexter-tlorton Bldg. John J. Nesbitt, Inc. ESTABLISHED 1894 Manufacturers of Bnadi Offices and Representatives NEW YORK CITY. John J. Nesbitt, Inc., 405 Lexington Ave. The Universal Unit Ventilation System EXECUTIVE OFFICE AND FACTORY 213 N. Vermont Avenue Atlantic City, New Jersey DENVER, COLO. Henbied A Bolthofp Mfo. and Supply Co., 1621 Seventeenth 8t MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. DULUTH. MINN. Products Manufacturers of the UNIVERSAL combined heating and ventilating Units. (Portable Unit ventilators). Also UNIVERSAL exhaust fans and UNIVERSAL air filters. Universal Unit System of Heating and Ventilating A mechanical system of ventilation for supplying fresh warm air directly from outdoors for use wherever good ventilation is required and particularly suitable for school house ventilation. Universal Combined Heating and Ventilating Units The cabinet of the UNIVERSAL UNIT is constructed of No. 14 gage cold rolled, stretched leveled, pickled and oiled first quality furniture stock steel. All parts of the UNIVERSAL UNIT are finished in olive green, sprayed and baked to a smooth THE UNIVERSAL UNIT hard finish. The Standard by Which All Other Makes are Measured Trade Mark Rea. U. S. PaL Office Fans UNIVERSAL Fans are of the multi-blade low speed double inlet type, designed to operate at S00 r. p. m.. plus or minus 5 per cent. The fans are rigidly constructed of aluminum with special care given to balance. Fans are mounted on double extendied ends of the motor shaft. Motor Motor of UNIVERSAL UNIT can be supplied to operate on any voltage of direct current or any cycle or voltage of polyphase alternating current. Where single phase current is available, it is necessary to install a motor generator set to convert that character of current to 110-volt direct current. Three-Point Lead Mounting The motor and fan, assembly of the UNI VERSAL UNIT is mounted in the cabinet on three steel ball points. These points rest on lead liners, supported by angles from the side of the casing. This three-point lead mounting has made possible the use of polyphase alternating current motors with a permanent and rigid supporting device. Universal Unit Radiator Standard UNIVERSAL UNITS are provided with 106.25 sq. ft. of prime surface extruded copper tube radiation. The radiator weighs only 61 lbs. complete. This radiator is composed of a plurality of individual, thin walled, seamless copper tubes the ends of which are hexagonal and assembled resemble a true honey-comb in appear ance. The steam is free to flow between the tubes in both a vertical and horizontal direction. The air flows through the tubes, so that the tubes are entirely surrounded by steam on one side and swept by air on the other side, which means 100 per cent prime surface. Temperature Control Damper The UNIVERSAL UNIT is provided with a temperature control damper, which can be manually or thermostatically operated to regulate the temperature of air from Unit. Vertical section, end remottd, UNIVERSAL UNIT, Series No. 14-3843. Fresh air intake through wall box and grille near bottom of Unit. This Unit can be recessed to depth of 4 in. as shown, recess must be 60 in. long by 36 in. high, or can be recessed i in. in 43 in. long recess 36 in. high. Standard practice places the Unit flush with the inside wall. 377 John J. Neshilt, Inc. Heaters, Unit Fall Area of Radiator UNIVERSAL UNIT Series No. 14-364$ one piece front and by-pats division plates removed, showing radiator and motor fan assembly in place. Entire operation of removing and replacing front and by-patt requires less than three minutes Inlet and Recirculating Damper Each UNIVERSAL UNIT is arranged so that air can be brought from outdoors, warm, if desired, and circulated in the room, or can be recirculated and reheated within the' room, as desired. This is accom-- plished by means of a circular roll damper of aluminum. This damper can be manually controlled at the cabinet, or pneumatically controlled from some remote point. ' . Universal Air Filters The use of air filters is especially recommended for buildings located in congested manufacturing districts, or where the air is heavily laden with dust or soot. UNIVERSAL air filters are of the adhesive impinge ment type, designed to fit in the fresh air intake of the UNIVERSAL UNIT. In this location the velocity of air over the entire surface of the filter is uniform with the result that an equal amount of work is imposed throughout its entire area. Combined with this ideal location is a set arrangement, which provides ease and simplicity of removal and replacement, when cleaning is necessary. Catalog and Engineers' Data Book A copy of our "Catalog and Engineers' Data Book," containing complete engineering data, specifications, etc. on UNIVERSAL UNIT Ventilation System, will be furnished upon request to our executive office. 378 John J. Nesbitt, Inc. Healers, Unit Steam___218 dec. TABLE OF CAPACITIES . Final Temperatures and Condensations 2 i,bs. Gauge 1500 Cu. Ft. of Air per Minute or 90,000 Cu. Ft. of Air per Hour--Universal Unit Series No. 14-3643-.15 and 18-3643-15 1200 Cu Ft. of Air per Minute or 72,000 Cu. Ft. of Air per Hour--Universal Unit Senes No. 14-3645-12 and 18-3645-12 Temp. Entering Air Deg. F. 10 40 60 70 _p of Air 100.31 106.63 112.65 119.28 125.63 131.93 138.23 144.43 150.83 Final British Sq. Feet Condensa- Total Condensation Temp. thermal Surface turn perbq. densation Units in Kadiator Ft. in Rad. in Radiator of Air Units in Kadiator Ft. in Rid. in Kadiator 210115 201955 192777 183600 175440 166252 157075 148915 139737 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 2.06 1.98 1.89 1.80 1.72 1.63 1,54 1.46 1.37 . 218.87 210.37 200.81 191-25 182.75 173.18 163.62 155.12 145.56 103. i 109.4 115.73 122.04 128.35 134.67 140.97 147.37 153.67 175440 168297 161155 154012 145852 138720 131577 123417 116275 106.25 106.25 (06.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 1.72 1.65 1.58 1.51 1.43 1.36 1.29 1.21 1.14 182.75 175.31 167.87 160.43 151.93 144.50 137.06 128.56 121.12 Current Con- WatU Hour A. C-146 Watts D. C. 143 Watts A. C. 118 Watts D. C. 102 Watts 900 Cu. No. 14-3643-9 and 18-3643-9 600 Cu. Ft. of Air per Minute or 36,000 Cu. Ft. of Air per Hour--Universal Unit Series No. 14-3643-6 and 18-3643-6 Temp. Entering Deg. F. of Air -to 0 10 20 30 40 50 -U2.96 119.3 125.64 131.98 133.23 144.68 150.98 Final British Sq. Feet Condensa- Total Condensation lemp. Thermal Surface tton per Sq. densation Units in Kadiator Ft. in Kad. in Kadiator of Air Units m Kadiator f-1. in Kad. tn Kadiator 139737 133612 128515 122400 116275 110160 105052 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.26 1.37 1.31 1.26 1.20 1.14 1.08 1.03 145.56 139.18 133.87 127.5 121.12 114.75 109.43 123.18: 130.6 . 137.02 143.42 - 149.79 156.29 103017 98937 93840 89760 85680 83635 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 106.25 1.01 0.97 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.82 107.31 103.06 97.75 93.50 89.25 87.12 Current Watts Hour- A. C. 90 Watts D. C. 90 Watts A. C. 80 Watts D. C. S3 Watts When a fine adjustment is desired for obtaining either a smaller or larger volume of air than a given set of fans discharge from a given-line voltage, air volume regulators will be furnished. The air volume regulators consist of curved plates, which may be readily adjusted to further open or close the fan discharge opening. -'.. '. The adjustment of these plates for a smaller air delivery reduces the amount of current consumed. ... roughing-in dimensions - Series 14-3643 . Heaters, Unit York Heating and Ventilating Corp. 1502 Locust Street :: PHILADELPHIA Unit Heaters--Unit Fans--Rotary Ventilators--Stationary Ventilators--Cyclone Dust Collectors--Damper Quadrants--Blast Gates--Drying Trays--Radiator Brackets--Sheet Metal.Work and Light Structural Iron Fabrication. YORK "WELDED COIL" UNIT HEATER SPECIAL FEATURES 1-- Standard Unit is direct connected to motor, by means of a flexible coupling. This costs no more than a belt driven unit. Standard motor speeds are used--see capacity table on next page. 2-- Balanced Double Inlet Fan of centrifugal type, with volute housing, distributes air over desired areas. 3-- Welded Pipe Coils, no joints to leak, therefore, no maintenance. Pipe coils are staggered, insuring efficient warming of air. Coils are tested to 300 lb. pressure and are good for 150 lb. 4-- Operates equally well on vacuum, low or high pressure steam. GENERAL ADVANTAGES 1--Low Power Consumption, balanced fan running on ball bearings, combined with straight path of air thru unit reduces power requirements to a minimum. The total cost of electric power over an entire heating season is negligible. 5-- Ball Bearings, self aligning, dustproof type, mounted outside the housing. Bearing maintenance is thus avoided and lubrication made easy. 6-- Unit Stands on Floor hence no over heating of upper part of building before lower part is heated. Heat zone is within ten feet of floor. , 7-- Ventilation--Unit will heat and ventilate simultaneously, if desired. 2-- By removing a few bolts at each end of the unit, the entire housing, outlets, motor, shaft, coupling and fans, all assembled together, may be removed and the coils left bare as shown by the photo on the right. 3-- Base of the unit is open on all four sides, hence air is drawn from the floor, where it is. naturally coldest. This simplifies connection to outside .air when same is desired, for it can easily be made by a rectangular duct from any one side. 4-- Units can be arranged for suspension from ceiling or roof truss, or they can be mounted on special supports allowing headroom underneath. Complete Heating, Ventilating, Drying and Dust Collecting Systems, designed, built and installed 380 York Heating and Ventilating Corp. Heaters, Unit OPERATING ECONOMIES It is unnecessary to run York Unit Heaters con tinuously to obtain an appreciable amount of heat, as is the case with horizontal unit heaters or a blower system. In the morning the units can be run for a short time to bring the room up to the pioper temperature and to start the air in circula tion. The power can then be shut off and the circulation thus started will continue (although at a slower rate) due to the aif motion set up and to the stack or aspirating effect caused by the height of the unit. OPERATION Air enters the unit at the base from all four sides, passes .upward around the welded pipe coils, through the fan and then distributed by the out-, .lets in any direction desired. Unit may be auto? matically controlled by a thermostatic switch. DIMENSIONS No. of Unit A B C D 25 47 17 13 85 35 68 17 17 85 *5. II 21 19 110 55 (1 29 22 no 60 II 29 23 M0 65 II 44 24'/, NO 75 II 58 24'/, 118 X H No. of Outlets 11% tv/* 2 11% 13% 4. 19'/, 19% 2 19'/, 19% 3 19% l9'/4 3 24 I9*/4 3 24 23% 3 CAPACITIES Size Unit R.P.M. A.P. M. H. P. Motor Recirculating Air at 60* F. Entering Unit 5 Tbs. Steam Pressure B.t.u.* Final I >>- Cond. Temp. Per. Hr. Sq. Ft. Heating Surface Equiv. Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation Weight With Motor No. of Steam Conn. 25 1750 1160 35 1750 1160 45 1160 * 870 3000 2000 6050 4000 8300 6000 V* V* tv* Vi' 3 1 200,000 141,000 439.000 320.000 620,000 470.000 128* 135* 135 144 136 141 208 147 140 800 1150 456 333 2B0 1800 1900 645 489 360 2500 2450 55 1160 870 11700 6700 3 1 920.000 740.000 143* 149 958 770 520 3700 3300 60 1160 13300 5 870 9700 .2 1,020,000 815,000 141 148* 1062 848 520 4000 3500 65 M60 16300 870 13900 1.420.000 1.160.000 141 * 1478 147 ' 1208 800 6000 6000 75 870 21800 7% 690 17700 1.700.000 1.400.000 146 152 1770 1460 1040 7000 . 7000 2 Note--To get BASIC Rating (i. e.. 0 entering and 5 lb. pressure), multiply B.t.u. given by 1.35. See Guide 1925-26. page 223, for B.t.u. Constants. 381 Heating Surface Aerofin Corporation 750 Frelirtghuysen Avenue Newark, N.J. L. C. Soule, Sec'y and Chief Engineer Manufacturers of Amo fin Fan System Heating and Cooling Surface Type of Heater Aerofin Standard Units (except for the galvanized casings) are constructed entirely of brass and copper. The seamless copper tubes in. 0. D.) are wound with a helical crimped brass fin which is mechanically soldered to the tube while the fin is held tightly in place, so that a perfect metallic union is effected providing an excellent conducting medium for the heat. The fin surface is 80 per cent of the total surface, thereby effecting remarkable lightness in weight and great compactness. Construction Advantages The superiority of Aerofin is demonstrated by its light-weight, non-corrosive features, unit construction, space saving, and because it comes to the job already encased and ready for steam connections. Aerofin is furnished in various sizes of standard units which may be bolted together to make batteries of any number of .units high, wide or deep (in the direction of air flow). Our catalogue will be gladly sent on request to any architect, engineer, or contractor desiring same for the purpose of specifying exact sizes of Aerofin Units or for obtaining complete information regarding the con . struction and installation of these units. Weight .Aerofin weighs from 9 to 16 per cent of equivalent, cast-iron heaters and from 12 to 25 per cent of equiva lent pipe coil heaters. Two men can easily handle any of these Aerofin Units. Seclion through Header, Tapping Hub, Tube Plate, Orifice Ring and Tubes, showing construction of Aerofin . Compactness ' Several units may be assembled together like a sectional bookcase by simply bolting through the templaterpunched. flanges................ Aerofin Units are furnished in tube lengths ranging from 2 ft. to 12 ft. and with either one, two or three rows of tubes deep in each unit. There is only one standard size of header which makes the width of the units 29 in. over the casing flanges. The length of the casing is the tube length plus in. Aerofin batteries have about the same face area as is required by other blast heaters, but a great deal of space is saved in the direction.of air flow. The 3-row units occupy only the depth of that required by other heaters. 2-row units save H the depth and . the single row units have the same 10 in. depth as is required for other types of heaters. The galvanized steel casing with its template-punched flanges provides a means for direct attachment of the duct work or Tor the fastening of another set of batteries onto the back or front of the first battery, by simply bolting through the flanges. 382 Aerofin Corporation Heating Surface Comparative Installation Costs The first cost of Aerofin (com pletely encased) sometimes appears higher than the cost of other heaters (quoted without casing) but when the saving in erection and freight is considered, the installed cost for Aerofin is generally less than that for other types of heaters. In figuring installation costs, add to the price of cast-iron heaters and pipe coils an additional 6 or 7 cents per sq. ft. of heating surface for the galvanized steel casing. Aerofin .has its galvanized steel casing as an integral part of the unit. The average labor cost of installing, castiron heaters and pipe coils is 10 to 12 cents more per sq. ft. of heating surface. than the cost of installing Aerofin. Remember that all sizes of Aerofin Units can be handled by two 'men, without block and tackle. , Erection Aerofin is so' light and sturdily encased that it can easily be supported on steel legs which are furnished as a stand ard accessory at a small charge. No extra reinforcement of the - building construction required with Aerofin--may be sus pended from ceiling with, small angles and rods, without ex pensive platforms -- may be handled with only ordinary care and assembled without using any block and tackle or scaf folding. Aerofin can be erected in the same number of HOURS as would be required in DAYS to erect the heavy heaters. Aerofin Corporation Heating Surface NOTE: FOUNDATION 24' HIGH IF ROSSIOLE. TRAP INLET 12" BELOW BOTTOM Of LOWER HEATER UNIT i-, * VACUUM RETURN USING VACUUM AIR VALVES AND SINGLE CONDENSATION TRAP A/TCH THESE UNITS TOVmRO CAtP HCAOCR " f eon mars > .^0ur ro 6 0' r for units '`rif rL.tfOVER 6-0'. V!' A** will check your selection, which is double protection. If Aerofin Units are to be laid flat or face down with tubes on a plane parallel with the floor, three-inch drip tap pings are required . and must not be bushed. This must be clearly specified. Such units must be in stalled with a pitch toward the drip header. If Aerofin Units are to be used with water, all outlet tappings, in all sizes must be-same size as inlet tappings, and this must be clearly specified. r>' Installation Features Foundations It is very necessary with Figuring Capacities . Aerofin to have foundations sufficiently high to : allow the water of condensation to run quickly The performance tables and physical, data tables cannot be published here on account of the great amount of space re quired, but these data are contained in our out of the units and into drip lines or traps. Aerofin foundationsshould befrom 18 to 24 in.'high. A foundation 24 in. high will be required in cases where a single large trap handles all the condensation from an entire battery of Aerofin catalogue which will be gladly sent on request. ' Units. This trap itself will probably be 12 to 14 in. high with the inlet near the top of the trap-- and this trap inlet should be 10 to 12 in.' below In our catalogue it will be noted that face velocities and net face areas are pub lished instead of the usual free area veloci the bottom of the lower Aerofin Unit. ' A foundation 18 in. high will be sufficient- in cases where an individual trap is installed on each unit, or where gravity return connections are ties and the corresponding free areas. In case of Aerofin the net face area is just double the free area and the face velocity taken out of these units and run down a consider able distance into a receiver. This will allow the condensation to drop out of each unit at least 10 in. before passing through traps, check valves or is correspondingly ^ the free area velocity. horizontal gravity return drip pipes. It is very The net face area of any unit equals the : important to have about 10 in. drop out of the units for the condensation so as to free the,units tube.length times 2 ft., which is the width of water quickly. ` across the tubes between the inner surfaces of the casing. Hence to find the net face area, simply multiply the tube length by 2 ft. Traps We recommend the use of one heavy duty float trap for taking care of several Aerofin Units in a battery. This arrangement is less subject to errors The single row units have 18 tubes wide, two-rOw units 35 tubes (18 and 17), and the three-row units 53 tubes (18, 17 and 18). The two-row and three-row units have staggered rows of tubes. of installation. The use of an individual ther mostatic return line trap for each Aerofin Unit is entirely satisfactory when the installation is made in accordance with our instructions and diagrams. \ This arrangement, however, is not preferred for the larger sizes of Aerofin Units because, in many cases, a single unit might re quire two thermostatic return line traps, and the Specifications piping connections would be too complicated and expensive. s Generally speaking, we would recom When ordering Aerofin, specify number of units, number of rows of tubes in each mend, therefore, individual return line thermostatic traps for the small sizes of Aerofin Units and the heavy duty float traps for large sizes and batteries unit, length of tubes, and assembly, i.e., of Aerofin Units. whether units will be installed with tubes horizontal or vertical or laid flat, number Great care should be observed in selecting the proper sizes of traps for Aerofin Units. Sizes should be figured on the basis of the volume of of sections high or wide. Specify whether steam or water is to be used and what will air being handled, velocities through the Aerofin, entering air temperature and steam pressure. The rate of condensation in pounds per linear foot per be the initial pressure. Specify number of steel supporting legs desired. If you also hour can then be looked up in the tables in cata logue, and this figure multiplied by the number of linear feet .in each unit gives the total pounds specify C. F. M., temperature range and steam pressure or water temperature, we of condensate which must be handled by the trap, and this amount, at the steam pressure being used, determines the trap size. 384 Aerofin Corporation Healing Surface CheckValves In cases where an individual trap can be installed on each unit or battery deep (in direction of air flow), no check valves are necessary. When one large trap is used to handle the condensation from two or more units or batteries deep (in the direction of air flow), horizontal swing (45 deg.) check valves must he installed on the horizontal drip pipe taken out of the'water leg. at least 10 in. below the bot tom of the lower Aerofin Unit. Avoidance of Installation Errors The Installation of AEROFIN with Vertical Tubes is recommended for the reason that this arrangement is less subject to errors of installation and operation. The Horizontal Tube arrangement is entirely satisfactory, how ever. when installed in accordance with our instructions and diagrams. Either Vertical or Horizontal Tubes may be used with either Gravity Return System or Vacuum Return Line System. Aerofin Units set up with tubes vertical, are less subject to installation errors than units set with tubes horizontal, due to the fact that the con densate can remain longer in the bottom header chamber without causing trouble. Installations of Aerofin with horizontal tubes, with the units set upright, have given perfect satisfaction, but in this case the engineer and contractor must specify and install the units with at least level tubes and preferably with, a slight pitch of the units toward the drip tapping. _If such a pitch is used the supply end should be set-up 34 in. higher than the return end for all units' up to 6 ft. in lerigth, and 1 in. higher for all units from 7'ft. to 12 ft. in length. Furthermore, all of the diagrams in the catalogue and on the printed siip pasted on the return end of each uuit, indicate a positive recommendation ' that full size drip nipple be taken out of each unit into a tee or ell and a full size water leg taken out of the bottom of this tee or ell. This is to allow the condensate to flow quickly out of the unit. The trap connection or gravity return connection (10 in. below bottom of lower Aerofin Unit) should then be taken horizontally out of the side of this water leg. Installations have caused trouble where the drip tapping has been bushed or reduced and where traps have been installed on a direct Line out of the drip tapping from the unit, and such arrangements are absolute contrary to instructions contained in our catalogue. AEROFIN Used as a Tempering Coil Special attention is directed to Aerofin used as a tempering coil. When an air washer is not used and there is sufficient height for a by-pass underneath the units, the installation may be made according to Fig. 19, Page 34 of the catalogue where a louvre damper is installed covering the entire face of the Aerofin heater and connected up directly with the by-pass damper, both being operated by a single diaphragm motor controlled by a thermostat located in the discharge duct from the fan. In this case the steam supply valve to the Aerofin Heater is hand operated. For other installations, with or without an air washer, the outside battery of Aerofin should be a single-row unit receiving the freezing air, with hand control or else with control by a thermostat located in the fresh air chamber, and arranged to turn steam on this single-row battery at 35 to 40 deg. above zero and to keep steam on this out side single-row battery at all times when the outside temperate is colder than 35 or 40 deg. above zero. The additional coils required may be arranged as shown in Figs. 20 to 28 in the catalogue. SPECIAL WARNING is given against the installing of Aerofin with a 2-row or 3-row battery with duct-thermostat control, to receive freezing air. The off and on control in this case, regulated from the duct thermostat, would probably result in freezing the condensate within the Aerofin Units and this method of installation is obviously incorrect. . If engineers and contractors will carefully ob serve instructions and diagrams contained and shown in our catalogue, the operation of Aerofin will be found eminently satisfactory in all cases. Write for catalogue, instruction leaflet and service details. Sales . Aerofin is sold only by Manufacturers of Nation ally Advertised Blower Heating Apparatus. . Anchor and Support Steam Piping Independent of Heaters Pitch These Unite Toward Drip Header 34* Pot Unite up to 6,-0m For Gravity System--Connect Thru Float Trap Into Main Return 385 Cleanout Support Return Piping From Floor Block for Support Independent of Heaters ' Healing Surft Lyon Products Company, Inc EXECUTIVE AND SALES OFFICES 708 Union Trust Building CHICAGO, ILL. Factory 312 Union Park Court Lyon Interlocking Heaters are built in sections and should have a decided appeal to engineers, architects and contractors because of their high efficiency, durability and space and labor saving fixtures. They consist of a Header and Base of Semi-Steel into which eight one-inch pipes of a given length are forced, the pipe ends being first coated with an expanding flux and then pressed home by Hydraulic Pressure. No threads are used, thus avoiding any possibility of leaks or the weakening of the ends of the pipes, where they enter the Headers and Bases. The Headers and Bases are made interlocking, which allows for close assembling and the staggering of all pipes in the completed Heater. The sections are put together with extra heavy right and left Cast Iron Nipples threaded to make up the full number of threads. All of the sections are tested to 125 lbs. Hydraulic Pressure before shipping, and are guaranteed for 100 lbs. working pressure! We have had several thousand square feet of'these Heaters installed for over five years, some on low pres sure and others on pressures up to 100 lbs. per square inch, all of which have proven the correctness of their design and construction. All of these Heaters can be furnished with four differ ent lengths of Nipples to make up on either in., 45^ in., 5 in. or 5% in. centers, therefore it is only necessary to select the proper length of sections to get the amount of heating surface required without decking or piling the sections on top of each other. (See Typical Tabic.) With the use of our Special Center Feed Section we are able to furnish Heaters' of any size, presenting an unbroken front from end to end. This is an exclusive feature of the Lyon's Inter-, ' locking Heater. , It will be found that there are a great many advantages in using these Heaters, among which are the great saving in freight, cartage and handling, owing to their light weight and ease of assembling. The saving in the cost of Steam-fitting where the decking of the Heaters is avoided is a very large and im portant item. Lyon Inlerlocking Healer Made In 11 Sizes, 40 U> 140 in. in Height 1. Where Heaters are used in upper stories of buildings or where special supports have to be provided, there would be a material saving on account of their lightness. 2. Where Heaters can be used for high pressures there would be a great saving in the rise of the Heaters, depending upon the pressure available. 3. The pipes in each section are spaced on 2% in. centers, giving a maximum beating surface in a minimum space. 4. Being made in small unite they are easily handled and can be taken through a very small opening. 5. They remove all danger of cracked or broken sections. ' 6. The heating surface is all prime surface, giving a greater thermal efficiency. . 7. Special full weight and strength Spellerised pipe, virtually rust and corrosion proof, is used in these Heaters. RATING OF LYON INTERLOCKING HEATERS AND WEIGHTS Trade No. of Section............................. Heating Surface. Sq. Ft......................... free Area, Sq. h t. AV4 in. Center'. 4*/8 in. Center......................................... 5 in. Center............................................. 5% in. Center......................................... Weight per Section, Pounds.................. 40' 10.6 0.45 0.53 0.60 0.67 64 50" 12.9 0.58 0.67 0.77 0.86 75 60" 15.2 0.69 0.81 0.93 1.06 86 ' 70' 80" 17.5 19 8 0.80 0.91 0.95. 1.09 I.I0\ 1.27 1.25 1.45 97 108 90" 22.1 1.03 1.24 1.44 1.65 119 100" 24.4 1.14 1.38 1 61 1.84 130 110" 2S 7 1.26 1.52 1.77 2.04 141 120" 29.0 1.38 1.66 1.94 2.23 152 130* 31.3 1.49 1.80 2.11 2.43 163 140" 33.6 * 1.60 1.94 2.28 2.62 174 386 Condensation, Velocities, engineers, architects and contractors should request the Lyon Heater Data Book. The Lyon Toadstool Vent Cap has several ex clusive features and many special advantages for ventilating theatres, audi toriums, assembly halls and similar buildings. ' It is sturdy, efficient and eco nomical. Has free un obstructed throat and cap is supported solidly and directly by the circum ference wall of toadstool. Has wide range of adjust ment and one complete turn gives range of completely open to completely closed. LYON TOADSTOOL VENT CAPS--Capacities and Velocities Size Area Sq. In. Area Sq. Ft. Diameter Floor Opening ' 100 ft. Capacity Cubic Feet Air per Minute at Different Velocities 150 ft. 200 ft. 250 ft. 300 ft. 350 ft. 400 ft. 500 ft. 4" 12.57 5' 19.63 6" 28.27 7" 38.48 8" 50.27 . 63.62 10" 78.54 .0873 .1364 .1964 .2673 .3491 .4418 .5454 4>/2' 5iff 6*A" 7W W w91/k," 8.73 13.64 19.64 26.73 34.91 44.18 54.54 13.1 20.5 29.5 40.0 52.4 66.3 81.8 17.5 27.3 39.3 53.5 69.8 88.4 109.0 21.8 34 2 49.1 66.8 87.3 110.4 136 3 26.2 41.0 59.0 80.0 104.8 132.6 163.6 30.6 47.7 68,7 93.5 122.2 154.6 190.8 35.0 54.6 78.6 107.0 139.6 176.8 218.0 43.6 68.4 98.2 133.6 174.6 220.8 272.6 387 Healing Surface The Rome-Tumey Radiator Co. Rome, N. Y. Exclusive Manufacturers of HELICAL TUBE High Efficiency Extended Surface Radiation Radiators, Heaters, Condensers, Coolers, Etc. Rome Seamless Copper Helical Tube is a tried and proven suc cessful product, which has given years of service on all types of heavy duty equipment requiring the dissipation of heat. . Helical Tube is manufactured of heavy gauge seamless cold drawn brass or copper tube. This tube is fitted with a continuous flat copper radiating fin, free of corrugations, which is formed under power around the tube. . Sizes--Helical Tube has been developed for a great variety of uses. It is manufactured of nearly all sizes of tube ranging from & in. OD to 1& in. OD and with several widths of radiating fin. Helical Tube radiators are built up by a new process which offers to the heating and ventilating trade an unusually strong and most durable construction. . Sales--HeLical Tube Radiators are supplied to nationally known manufacturers of fan type heating and ventilating apparatus. Specifications calling for Helical Tube Radiators and Heater Units will assure your securing the most modern equipment. Data concerning Helical Tube and Helical Tube Radiators and Heater Units now in course of preparation. Specify ROME-TURNEY COPPER RADIATION No corrosion - - - - Good forever IO RADIATOR SPECIALISTS Good Radiators since 1905 388 ^JT Healers, Water Heaters Alberger Heater Company HOWARD IRON WORKS 218 Chicago SC. :-j BUFFALO, N. Y. REPRESENTATIVES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES -- Condensers -- Coolers -- Economizers -- Expansion Joints Alberger heaters are of five distinct types each having outstanding characteristics to insure a high beat transfer, economical operating and insignificant maintenance costs. The Multi-Bead Instantaneous, heater for domestic and feed water purposes is madein types H.horisontal and V, vertical. Type A is a special 3 passheater for lightservice, and low temperature differences. Type Sts a storage water heater for use where SS? rZPi'yemelle^tJdSTT^ AB is a special designed heater tor ' _ SIZES OF TYPE "S" HEATTSR FOR TEMPERATURE RANGE 1 1 deg,----Steam at 212 deg. fahr. swimming pools, also for use in connec- tion with air washers in heating and ventilating systems. CaL CAPACITY OF STORAGE TANK IN GALLONS -- E >42 I 258 < 318 I 425 500 650 754 942 1190 1473 1757 24x72 30x84 36x72 36x96142*84 42x108 48x96 48x120 54x120 60x120 60x144 200 300 .400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1300 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 AY-5 | AY-7 AA-9 AA-M AA-14 AB-16 AB-18 AB-20 AB-22 BY-4 CY-5 DY-4 EY-4 BY-6 CY-7 DY-fi EY-6 BY-8 CA-9 DY-7 EY-8 BA-10 CA-II DA-9 EA-IO BA-12 CA-13 DA-11 EA-12 BA-14 CB-15 DA-12 EA-13 BB-16 CB-17 DA-14 EA-15 BB-18 CB-20 :DB-I6 EB-17 BB-20 CB-22 DB-17 EB-19 BB-22 CD-25 DB-19 EB-21 BB-24 CD-27 DB-21 EB-23 BD-25 CD-29 DB-22 ED-25 BD-27 CD-31 DB-24 ED-26 BD-29 CD-34 DD-26 ED-29 BD-31 DD-28 ED-30 BD-331 DD-29 ED-32 DD-31 ED-34 DD-331 ED-35 DD-34 EF-37 FY-3 ! GY-4 HY-3 FY-5 GY-S HY-5 FY-6 CY-7 HY-6 FY-8 GY-8 HY-7 FA-9 GA-10 HA- 9 FA-11 GA-12 HA-10 FA-12 GA-13 HA-11 FA-14 GA-15 HA-13 FB-15 GB-17 HA-14 FB-17 GB-16 HB-15 FB-19 FB-20 CGBB--2202 HB-17 HB-18 FB-21 CB-23 HB-2Q FB-23 FD-25 CD-25 CD-27 HHBB--2212 FD-26 CD-28 HB-24 FD-28 CD-30 HD-25 FD-29 GD-32 HD-27 FD-31 ICD-33 HD-28 FF-46 GF-49 HF-42 GH-67 HH-56 JY-3 KY-3 jY-4 KY-4 Y-6 KY-6 Y-7 KY-7 Y-8 KY-8 ,'A-IO KA-10 JA-H KA-II JA-12 KA-12 A-14 KA-13 , A-15 KA-15 . B-17 KB-16 B-18 KB-18 B-19 KB-19 B-2I KB-20 B-22 KB-21 B-23 KB-23 . D-25 KB-24 D-26 KD-26 . D-27 KD-27 JF-41 KF-40 H-54 KH-54 LY-3 LY-4 LY-5 LY-* LY-7 LY-8 LA-9 LA-11 LA-12 LA-13 LA-14 LA-15 LB-16 LB-18 LB-19 LB-20 LB-21 LB-22 LB-23 LD-35 LF-46 H-68 KH-67 LH-58 Jl-81 KI-81 LH-69 LI-80 7000 LI-92 .Howard Expansion Joints are extensively used in high and low pressure piping systems for all classes of service. They are a reliable means for accom modating expansion in such lines and are specified for all important work. (ARCHITECTS) Tot ENGINEERS [EVERYWHERE [contractors] If you have not received a copy of the Alberger Engineers Heater Data Book describing all types and giving dimensions, service and Installa tion data please send in your name immediately. Also remember that our experience In designing and building special heaters and ** *-*-*- rllorlf# 389 Healers, Water Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. 119 Clinton St., BUFFALO, N. Y. Excelso Indirect Water Heaters, Phaeton Heaters, Fire Pot Generators, Rotary Hack Saw Tools EXCELSO INDIRECT WATER HEATERS Dimensions--Price List--Capacities Single Coil Double Coil Triple Coil Size.................... Length.......... In. Diameter.... In. Shell Open gs. In. Coil Upen gs. In. Wi 5 1 >/. II 12 13 14 15 25 26 27 28 35 36 wa 14 li'A 15 19'/? l2'/2 15 19 23% 21 25 - 5 5 6Vi 6% tv? 9 9 9 9 13% 13% 1 1 H/2 1V2 1 vs 2 2 ? 2 3 3 % Va 1 I 1 i'/2 i'/t i'/t l'/2 2'h 2'h Crated.. .Lbs. II 13 16 29 37 42 65 73 88 106 185 210 List Price.... $12.50 $30- $40 $50 $60 $70 $120 $150 $180 $210 $310 $400 Connect below water line of any Steam or Vapor .Boiler, or use with live steam. Boiling water in the shell heats water circulating through copper coll. Heating Water. Below Water Line of Steam or Vapor Boilers Size.................... >. II 12 13 14 15 ` 25 26 27 ` 28 35 36 Tank Capacity. . 30 30 45 60 90 120 160 200 300 400 600 800 Tfimperature rise 100 deg. in 3 hours. Heating Water With Live Steam Size..................... Jr. lank Capacity.. 45 II 12 . 13 14 15 75 26 27 28 35 36 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 450 600 900 1200 Temperature rise 100 deg. in 3 hours at 5 lb. pressure. THE EXCELSO PHAETON HEATER Dimensions--Price List--Capacities Diameter................ In. . 6 8 10 12 15 .18 Height.................... In. y/i *'/2 y/i 6 7' 8 Tappings........ . .In. I | \'A 2 2'h .3 Center to Center of Outlets................In. ' 2Vt Capacity...'........Cals. 30 2Vi 45 3 80 3A .100 *'/i 150 % 250 Sq. Ft. Direct Water Radiation........... Ft. 40 75 100 1,50 .250 400 Shipping Weight..Lb. 6 11 18 30 60 85 List Price............. Iron $7.50 $12.00 $20.00 $24.00 $50.00 $70.00 List Price........... Brass $15.00 $28.00 $45.00 $54.00' $115.00 $160.00 The highly efficient firepot heater, suitable for hot water supply or auxiliary radiation, transfers 80 per cent of heat to water! Excelso Firepot Generator Generator fits any type of hot water boiler or hot air furnace. Made in both cast iron and brass. Size No. 1, up to 40 gals, capacity. Size No. 2, over 40 gals, capacity. 390 Excelso Rotary Hack Saw Tool Boilers may be quickly and easily tapped by means of the Excelso Rotary Hack Saw Tool. Each tool cuts three sizes: 1 in., 1^ in. and 2 in. Pipe Tap size. Price $7.50 net, with six blades; two of each size. Heaters, Water ) The Patterson-Kelley Co. 101 Pau*k Avenue - New York City Hot Water Heaters for all purposes. Pool Heaters and Converters. Preheaters, Heat Exchangers, Heaters for Chemicals, Gases, Oils. Coolers for Brine, Chemicals, Gases, Oil and Water. The Patterson Combined Hot Water Service and Storage Heater, Type B, is for any service where require ments for hot water are not constant, or where a large yolume must be stored for sudden heavy demands. REUF VALVE THERMOMETER HOT WATER OUTLET We guarantee to furnish heaters that will deliver the quantity oi hot water called for. Without obligation our Engineering De partment will be glad to give engineers the benefit of our 45 years' experience. *. General Specifications Constructed like a high grade boiler--of heavy steel plate.. Steam inlet and outlet chamber is a heavy, grey iron casting. Tube head is a heavy, steel forging into which both ends of each tube are expanded. Tubes are of pure, cold drawn seamless copper and ` f| ' shaped to provide against contraction and expansion strains. Heater is for any service and in any required size per tables below. Write us for engineering advice. No. ' Dimensions . in Inches STORAGE CAPACITIES Capacity Approx. in Gals. Wt. in Lb*. No. Dimensions . in Inches Capacity Approx. in Gals. Wt. in Lbs. 1 S 24x48 2S 3 S 24x72 .24x84 9S 13 S 14 S . 16 S 17 S 18 S" " 20 S 30x 120 36x72 36 x 96 36x108 36 x 120 42x72 42x96 42x120 94 650 118 750 141 850 164 950 180 875 215 - 1000 255 H50 285 1300 360 1500 310 1250 365 1400 415 1550 475 1700 500. 1850 640 2100 430 1500 500 1650. 575 1800 650 1950 720 2200 21 S 22 S 23 S 24 s 25 s s26 s 27 s28 S 29 30 s 31 s 32 s 33 S 34 s s35 s 36 37 s 3f s s39 s 40 42 x 144 42 x 168 42x192 48x96 48x120 48x144 43 x >68 48x192 54 x 120 54x144 54x 168 54x192 60 x 120 60x144 60 x 168 60x 192 . . 72x174 84x168 96 x 168 96x192 860 1000 1155 750 940 1125 1300 1500 1190 1425 1665 1900 1400 1700 2000 2240 3000 4000 5200 6000 2450 3100 2925 - 3350 3840 3500 4300 4700 5600 6200 8700 . (0000 HEATING CAPACITIES--40 F. to 180 F.--Steam at Atmospheric Pressure No. . Gallons per Hour Approx. Wt. in Lbs. . No. Gallons per Hour Approx. Wt. in Lbs. 2H 3H 5H 6H 9H 10H 11 H 12H 14 H 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 1000 1250 1500 1750 200 215 235 255 285 315 350 370 400 425 450 500 550 600 . 15 H 16 H 17 H 18 H 19 H 20 H 21 H 22 H 23 H 24 H 25 H 26 H 27 H 28 H 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 - 4500 5000 6000 7500 10000 12500 15000 20000 25000 700 800 1050 1200 1350 .1500 1750 2000 3200 3800 4500 5100 5800 NOTE.--To specify Type B. Heaters, combine the numbers of the required storage and beating capa cities. For example. "One Patterson Type B. Heater with No. 22 S. and No. 17 H. has 1000 gallons storage with 3000 gallons hourly heating capacity. . . 391 Heaters, Water O. E. Frank Heater and Engineering Co., Inc. Associated with FARRAR & TREFTS, Inc. BUFFALO, N. Y. Branch Offices New Yobi Baltimore Philadelphia Detroit St. Louts Kansas Citt Charlotte, N. C. Richmond, Va. Branch Offices Boston Mass. Los Anceles Chicago San Francisco Pittsburgh Washington Cleveland Harrisburg, Pa. Minneapolis Roanoke, Va. O. E. F. products consist of a complete line of heaters for every hot water need. Storage Heaters for hot water service in either U-tube or Straight tube type. Instantaneous Heaters for hot water service, heating systems, power plants. Complete information on materials, construction, service and our guarantee on request. ' Large stocks of tanks, castings and tubes insure prompt shipments. , Cipsdto Cetera) Dnaemwas 0. L F. Intfrrrtiarctrc Hates. Heating Water (nm 50 Is 180 F. with Steaa at 212" F. Drain Max. Water Drain Galt. K Size Approx.Overall Dimensions width Lerath Hor. Type Height Ver/Type 3| Sdi iz & Gals. Approx.Overall Dimensions E Size Width Length Hor. Type Height Ver. Type 33 di 200 IH-7 TOO IH-II 400 IH-14 m 1H-I5 m IH-18 BOO IH-24 1000 IH-30 I5>/.* 15%' iw 18' 18' 18' 18' 7'-5' 7'-5' 7'-5' 8'-7' 8'-7' 8'-7' 8'-7' 8'-!%' 3' 3' 1' S'-W i' y 1' 8'-1 %' y 3' 1' 2000 IH-60 2500 IH-76 21*4' 25%' 8'-8*4' 8'-11' 9'-8*4' 4' 9'-l(r V 5' 6' V1%' 3000 IH-90 25%' 8'-i r 9'-l0' 6' 6' 2' 9'-8' 9'-8' 9'-8' 9'-8' 3' V 3' 3' 4' 4' 4' 4' W \w W w 4000 IH-120 500(1 1H-15C 226%k' 6000 IH--162 26%' 7000 IH-189 vr,- 9'-l%' 99''--Pl*/4J'' IO'-3*4' 10'-4%' 8' IO'-4%' 8' IO'-4%' 8' ir-4%* 10* 8' 8' S' 8' 3' 3' 3' 3' .1250 IH-38 18' 8'-7' 9'-8' 3' 4' i%' 8000 1H-2I6 30%' 10'-3*4' ii'-*%' 10' 8' 3' 1500 IH-45 m%' 8'-S%' 9'-8*4# 4' 5' w 9000 IH-243 30%' 10'-3*4' M'-4%' 10* 8' 3' 1800 IH-54 21*4' 8'-8*4' 9'-8*4' 4' 5' i%' 10000 IH-270 30%' 10'-3*4' 11'-4%' 10' 8' 3' Cnarifrt and General Dmenaoes 0. E. F. Feed Water Baton. Benin Feed Wsttr frm 501 200* F. with Stem at 212" F. Horse Power Size Lbs. per Hour Approximate Overall Dimensions Width Length Height Maximum Maximum Horii. Type Vertical Type Steam Water Drain 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 600 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1800 FW-9 FW-13 FW-17 FW-26 FW-35 FW-43 FW-52 FW-61 FW-69 FW-78 FW-87 FW-104 FW-I2I FW-136 FW-156 FW-160 FW-165 FW-160 FW-195 FW-210 FW-225 FW-270 1500 2250 3000 4500 6000 7500 - 9000 10500 12000 13500 15000 18000 21000 ' 24000 27000 30000 33000 36000 39000 ' 42000 45000 54000 15*4' 15*4' 15%' 18' 18' 21*4' 21%' 21*4' 2V/ 25%' 25%' 25%' 26%' 26%' 26%' 26%' 26%' 26%' 30*// 30%' 30%' 7'-5' 7'-5' 7'-5' 8'-7* 8'-7' 8'-8*4' 8'-8*4' 8'-8*4' 8'-8*4' 8'-ir 8'-ll' 8'-ll' 9'-l*4' 9'-!%' io9''--i>!%4'' 10'-1*4' io'-i*4' l0'-3*4' 10'-3*4' 10'-3*4' IO'-3*4' 8'-!%' 8'-!%' 8'-!%' 9'-8' 9'-8' 9'-8*4' 9'-8*4' 9'-8*4' 9'-8*4' 9'-10' 9'-IO' 9'--10" IO'-4%' 10'-4%' 10'-4%' 11'-4*// M'-4%' II'-4*4' II'-8*4' ir-8`4' II'-8*4' ir-ff/A y y 3' 3' y 4' 4' 4' 4' 6' 6' 6' 8' 8' 8' 8' 8' 8' 10' 10* 10' .10* y 1' y 1' y 1' 4' 1%' 4' i%' 5' i%' y i%' 5' i%5' i>4* 6' 2' 6' 2' 6' 2' 8' 2' 8' 2' 8' 2' 8' 2' 8' 2' 8'' 2' 8' y 8' y 8' y 8' y. . 2000 FW-300 60000 34%' 11'-0*/4' 12'-0*4' 10' 10' y 2500 FW-375 75000 34%' 11 '-0*4' !2'-0*4' 10* 10' y 3000 FW-4S0 90000 39%' U'-6%' !2'-6*4' 10* 12' 3' 4000 FW-600 12000 39%' ir-6%' l2'-6*4' 10* .12' y O. E. F. Feed Water Heaters and Instantaneous Heaters are designed for a maximum working pressure of 125 lbs. on the. water spaces and 50 lbs. on the steam spaces. O. E. F. Instantaneous Heaters are constructed of heavy close grain castings with rolled steel tube sheets and eighteen gage Admiralty Metal tubes. Admiralty Metal tubes are unexcelled for feed-water service. Write us about them. O. E. F. Instantaneous Heater for General Hot Water Service, Feed Water, Bleeder Turbines and Forced and Gravity Hot Water Heating Systems. Also Vertical Type. Steam opening may be located on top or either side of shell to suit requirements. 392 0. E. Frank Healer and Engineering Co., Inc. Heaters, Water Fig. 1. O. E. F. U-Tube Storage Heater Fig. 7. O. E. F. Straight Tube Storage Healer O. E. F. Storage Heaters are made of best auality flange steel, have rolled steel tube sheets, and sixteen gage copper tubes. Chemical analysis and physical test of all steel used furnished on request. O. E. F. Heaters are doubly guaranteed by O. E. Frank Heater & Engineering Company and Farrar & Trefts, Inc. . O. E. F. Storage Heaters are furnished in either the U-bend Pattern, per Fig. 1 or the Straight Tube type, per Fig. 7. The shells are of best quality steel plate, the smaller sizes welded and the larger sizes riveted construction. The heating surface consists of 1 in. OD seamless drawn copper tubes No. 16 or 18 SWG as required. They are properly supported with a cast iron tube supporting plate to prevent wear of the tubes due to sagging and rubbing together. The tube sheets are steel, eliminating any possibility of cracks and leaks, which so commonly occur with cast iron tube sheets. The tube nests or bundles are removable from the tank for cleaning or repairing. . Where it is necessary to use both low and high pressure steam, the steam chamber and tubes may be arranged without the necessity of installing a separate tube bundle. . Openings of ample size are provided, and we call your attention to the arrangement of the steam inlet and outlet, making it possible to remove the tube bundle by simply unbolting the flanges and avoiding the necessity of breaking any length of pipe. ` All storage heaters, unless otherwise specified, will be furnished for a working pressure of 100 pounds per square inch gage pressure, on both the steam and water spaces. ' Storage heaters furnished for higher pressures. CAPACITIES--O. E. F. U-Tube and Straight Tube Storage Heater*--Heating Clven Ouantltle* of Water from 59-180. Peg. Pahr., with Steam at 213 Peg. Fnhr. Storage Capacity 80 93 I4( 164 188 220 257 294 330 370 423 476 529 576 648 720 792 .864 752 846 940 TtnkSitt I8s77 18*84 24*77 24*84.74x96 b*72 10*84 30*96 90*108 36*84 36*96 16*108 36*120 42*96 42*10t 2*I2( <2<132 42x14 48*96 48*108 48*120 CaOen* ^100 400 m m FA n C.5 m n K5 15 M5 N5 Bit Dll F.ll Fll CM Hll Hj , Kll 1 II MU Nil Kit CI6 HI6 JI6 KI6 1.16 MI6 NI6 T77 F72 C22 H22 122 K72 1.22 M22 N22 J27 KV 127 M27 N77 F17 K32 1.12 M32 C.3S 1*0 X38 118 M38 143 K43 1.43 M43 F47 C47 J47 K47 14/ M4/ N47 154 K54 1.54 M54 181 MSI 1108 kio L!K MI0I J134 Ml* 05 PS Oil Pll OI6 P16 022 P22 027 P27 032 PI2 018 P15 041 P41 047 P47 054 P54 (Ml P8I OlOf PI08 Q5 QU 022 027 032 038 054 0108 0134 0162 RS Rll RI6 R22 KZ7 R12 K38 R43 K47 K45 K8I RIOS RI34 RI62 R269 S3 Sll $22 527 $>2 SM S43 547 $54 581 SI06 $134 $162 5215 S269 TS V5 W5 Til T22 T27 V27 T32 V32 T38 V38 T43 V43 T47 V47 T54 V54 T8I V8I TI08 - VI08 T134 VI34 TI62 VI62 TIBS VI88 V2I5 W27 W32 W38 V43 W47 W54 W8I WI08 WI34 WJ62 WI88 W215 Star- c. tooo tsoo 2000 2100 33500000 4000 4S00 5000 6000 7000 X5 XII XI6 X22 X27 X32 X38 X43 X47 X54 X8I XI08 XI34 XI62 XI88 X2I5 X243 X269 5x1AX5 BX5 CXS AX II BXIt CXI I DXS FX5 DXII FXll CX5 HX5 MXS NXS OX5 PXS CXI I HXH XXII LXII MX11 NXII OX II PXII 3X5 1 RX5 RXII TX5 TXIt RX22AXI6 BXI6 CXI6 DXt6 FXI6 CXI6 HXI6 KXI6 LXI6 MXI6 NXI6 OXI6 PXI6 1X16 RXI6 TXI6 AX22 BX22 CX22 DX22 FX22 QX22 HX22 KX22 LX22 MX22 NX22 0X22 PX22 1X22 TX22 AX27 BX27 CX27 DX27 FX27 CX27 HXZ7 MX27 NXZ7 0X27 PX27 3X27 RX27 TX27 8AX32 BX32 CX32 AX38 BX38 CX38 AX43 BX43 CX4J X32 FX32 CX32 HX32 MX32 NX32 0X32 PX32 5X32 RX32 TX32 X38 FX38 QX38 HX38 MX38 NX38 0X38 PX38 1X38 RX38 TX38 DX43 FX43 CX43 HX43 KX43 LX43 MX43 NX43 0X43 PX43 >X43 RX43 TX43 AX47 BX47 CX47 DX47 FX47 CX47 HX47 KX47 LX47 MX47 NX47 0X47 PX47 3X47 RX47 TX47 AX54 BX54 CX54 DXS4 FX54 CX54 HX54 1CXS4 LX54 MX54 NX54 0X54 PX54 3X54 RX54 TX54 AX8I BX8I CXSI DX8I FX81 CX8I HXBI KX8I LX81, MX8I NXSI OX8I PX6I 5X81 RX81 TX8I HXtoeAXIOS 8X108 CXI08 5X134AXI34 BXI34 CXI34 CXIOi KXUJtiLXlOf MX 101 NXIOt 0X108 PXIOt 5X106 RXI0I TXI08 CXI34 HXI34 KXI34LXI34 MXI34 NX 134 0X134 PXI34 RXI34 TXI34 AXI62 BX162 CXI62 AX88 BXI68 CXI 88 existCX162 KXI62 KXI6ZLXI62 MXI62 HXI88 KXIs2lXI88IMX I St PXI62 3X162 RX162 TXI62 PXI88 5X188 Rxiat TXI88 AX2I5 BX2I3 CX2I5 DX2IS FX2I5 CX2I5 HX2IS KX2ISLX2I5IMX2I5 PX2I5 3X21$ AX243 BX243 CX243 DX243 FX243 CX243 HX243 KX24^LX243 IMX243 BX269 CX269 0X269 FX269 KX269 KX2MLX269 M1 X269 DX323 FX323 ........,.|LX323 MX323. PX243 3X243 5X323FX269 3X269 RX269 TX269 RX323 TX323 FX377 MX377. RX377 TX377 Net*.--The letter ftrea to the above table of tuea indicates the tin of the task aad the mmerab the squire feet of beatinc surface. Ewpfr.--A CS heater must* of a 24" 172" stcrsge tank (le&fth not inetudiac dobed bead*) aad contain* S *q. (L of heating sorfhee. Heaters, Water The Whitlock Coil Pipe Company Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Buffalo, N. Y. Charlotte. N. C. Chicago, I1L Cincinnati, 0. Cleveland, 0. Columbus, 0. Manufacturers and Engineers HARTFORD, CONN. Dallas, Tex. Denver, Colo. Des Moines'. Iowa Detroit. Mich. Houston, Tex. Indianapolis, Ind. Kansas City, Mo. Memphis, Tenn. WHITLOCK PRODUCTS New Orleans, La. New York, N. Y. Omaha, Neb/ . Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa. Portland, Ore. Rochester, N. Y. San. Antonio, Tex. San Francisco, Calif. Seattle, Wash. SL Louis, Mo. ' St. Paul, Minn. Tacoma, Wash. Toledo, 0. . Troy, New York Tulsa, Okla. - Darling Bros. Montreal, Manufacturers of-Whitlock Heaters-in Canada See Telephone Directory for Local Address . - Whitlock type "KM storage heaters arc manufactured in both horizontal and vertical types. The table shows sizes of the horizontal heaters only. We will gladly furnish dimensions of horizontal heaters and vertical heaters upon request. That this type of heater is of particularly sturdy construction is evidenced by the increasing number of prominent engineers and architects who are specifying their use in all types of buildings, including many of the largest and finest buildings constructed. Whitlock Type K Storage Heaters, Horizontal SHELLS To be used with Type K. Heating Section Shell Prices include Cradle. Manhole I I'xIS* HEATING SECTIONS Capacity based on Heating from 40 to 180 with Steam at 0 lbs. pressure. For other tempera' tures and Steam Pressures see Bulletin No. 27 ft Gallons Diam Number One eter Filling of Shell Length Thick Thick Weight of ness ness of Shell of Shell of Head Shell Number Gallons per Hour Maximum ' Size Steam Pipe Inches Smallest Shell into which Section . will Fit Inches Wejht Entire Heating Section Lbs. 1 . 65 2 . 80 3 116 4 141 5 164 6 185 7 220 8 255 9 290 10 365 II 420 12 475 13 . 525 14 575 15 720 16 860 17 1000 18 950 19 1140 20 1310 21 1460 22 - 1190 23 1430 24 1670 25 1900 26 1420 27 ' 1710 26 2000 29 2300 30 2460 31 2860 18 18 24 24 24 30 30 30 30 36 36 36 36 42 42 42 42 48 48 . 48 48 54 54 54 54 60 60 60 60 72 72 . 60 72 60 72 84 60 72 84 96 84 96 108 120 96 . 120 144 168 120 144 168 192 120144 168 192 120 144 . 168 192 144 168 % % % V* 1A V4 V* V % K % K ,`4 ii 36 36 % % % % % % Vi Vi ?6 36 36 Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vi Vz Vz Vz Vz Vz V'Az Vz ,Vz %A V<Az Viz % % %' x % % 400 450 600 700 800 750 850 950 1050 1300 1450 1600 1800 1850 2150 2500 2900 2850 3250 3700 4100 3250 3700 4200 4700 4300 4900 5600 6200 5700 6400 H0 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 . H9 HI0 HU '* H12 H13 H14 HI5 HI6 HI7 H18 H19 H20 H2I H22 H23 H24 H25 H25 H27 H28 H29 H30 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 - 1250 1500 1750 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400 4800 5400 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 . 2 2 2 3% 3% Wz y/z y/z 3'/2 3% 5 3'/2 3% y/z 5 5 5 6. 6 6 8. 8 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 I8x 48 18x 60 I8x 72 .18* 48 I8x 48 I8x 60 ISx 60 I8x 72 18* 72 ISx 84 24x 60 ISx 96 18x108 18x120 24x 84 24x108 24x120 30* 96 30x120 30x132 36x 96 36x108 36x120 36x132 36x % 36x108 36x120 42x % 42* 96 42x108 42x108 75 80 90 175 185 190 200 210 215 220 300 .260 270 285 370 425 450 570 620 670 860 920 950 1020 1200 1300 1380 . 1950 2000 2300- 2460 DIRECTIONS FOR.USE--Select the size storage you require-and combine its designating number with the number which designates the desired hourly output. Assuming a required storage of 1000 gallons (No. 17 shell 42 x 168) and a required hourly output of 1750 gallons (No. H16 Heating unit) you would specify a Whitlock Type K, No. 17H16. 394 The Whitlock Coil Pipe Company Heaters, Water This type of heater is used extensively as an instantaneous heater in connection with a separate storage tank, as a swimming pool heater, as a hot water converter for use with a heating system as well as for various special conditions. . '' ' ` " . Standard sizes of the 2 and 4 pass heaters are shown in the table. Dimensions on multi-pass heater will be furnished on request.:: . : . '. Standard Sizes, Capacities, Dimensions and Weights 2 PASS. TEMP. RANGE 40 F. to 80 F. 4 PASS. TEMP. RANGE 40* F. to 120* F. Capacity Size Lalloni No. ' f^our Length Diam- of Sf,dl Size Size Water Connec Connec Weight tions tions Capacity Callons Over-all Cr Length Diameter of Shell Size - Size Water Connec Connec Weight1 tions tions 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 isy. 19 m20 21 22 23 24 25 150 350 650 1100 1600 1900 2550 3200 3800 5100 6350 7950 9550 12700 15900 19100 25600 31700 38200 44400 50700 57100 63450 79300 95100 126900 158400 191000 H% 14% 19% 23% 29% 34% 24% 30% 35% 433/4 55% 45 52, 67 ' 51% 59% 59 71 61% 70% wA 59% 64% 76% 66 83 78 89 7% 7 1% 7 1% 72 72 72 9% 2% 9/2 Wz 2% A ?% 3 9% 3 12 . `4 12 4 12 4 15 5 15 5 17 6 17 . 6 20 8 20 8 20 8 26 10 26 10 26 10 30 12 30 12 36 ' 14 36 14 1% 1% Wz 2 2Vz 3 3 y/z 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 14 14 16 18 20 24 24 70 80 100 110 125 160 210 240 300 320 380 565 625 760 810 900 1240 1390 1600 1940 2100 2660 2860 3300 4250 4980 6550 7060 80 150 300 480 650 800 960 1350 1600 2100 . 2600 3300 4000 5300 6600 8000 10500 13300 16000 18500 21000 24000 26700 33300 40000 53300 66700 80000 M>/ 16% 21% 26% 31% 38% 24% 30% 35% 43% 55'/, 52 61 79 55% 65% 71 83 72% 82% 92% 62% 67% 82% 73 92 83 95 7 7 7 7 7 7 9% 9<A V/l 9% 9% 12 12 12 15 15 17 17 20 20 20 26 26 26 30 30 36 36 % % 1 1 1% 1% 221% 2 2'h 2>/z 3 3 y/z 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8 10 10 1 1% 2 2 y/z vA 3 3 3% 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 to 10 10 12 12 12 12 14 14 16 20 22 70 85 100 115 130 . 150 190 230 255 300 370 555 625 775 790 885 1250 1420 1800 2000 2165 2625 2820 3285 3960 4600 5980 6820 Sizss 0 to 10 inclusive, have %# O. D. No. 18 B. W. G. Copper 1 ubes. Remainder have r O. D. No. 17 B. W. G. Copper - ubes Sizes 0 to 10 inclusive, have %* O. D. No. 16 B. W. G. Copper 1 ubes. O O Remainder have No. 17 B. W. G. Copper Tubes. Whitlock Heat Transfer Products include the following types of apparatus in addition to the'Storage and'Instantaneous Heaters shown above: . Feed Water Heaters; Heat Exchangers; Fuel'Oil Heaters; Superheaters; Condensers and Coolers for all kinds of liquids; Also pipe coils of, any kind of pipe or tubing and Air and Ammonia Receivers. . Additional information and list prices concerning any of this apparatus will be gladly furnished upon request. 395 Heating Systems D. & T. Manufacturing Company 3001 La Salle Street - St. Louis, Mo. ORIGINAL TANK IN BASEMENT SYSTEM Placing the expansion tank in the basement on hot water installations is destined to become the one general method. WHY NOT GET INTO THE GAME? ' Eleven years' experience 2nd up wards of 100,000 D. &T.Tank-in-theBasement Systems in successful opera tion throughout the United States and Canada, should be sufficient ^ proof of the success of this system to the most skeptical heating engineer v or contractor. The D. & T. System is efficient, simple and foolproof. Send for booklet entitled, "Pro gress in Hot Water ideating." The Superior Air Sealed Pressure Controller is absolutely dependable, opening freely after long periods of inactivity. There is no danger of the con troller failing to relieve. This Air Sealed Pressure Controller is different from all other relief devices. As you will note, by reference to the sectional view, the opening of the valve is effected by the pressure on the diaphragm** This diaphragm being the well-known flexible type, has sufficient flexibility to allow the disc to raise up off the seat a full inch. This insures positive relief when the predetermined point is reached. This disc is made of a composition which will stand a temperature of 300 deg. fahr. The seat is made of the well-known non-corrosion Monel metal, which is self-cleaning and assures proper action at all times. The disc is 1 in. in diameter and the bellows which lifts the disc from the seat is 2]/& in. in diameter, there by giving a lifting power 6}4 times greater than the area of the disc. Heating Systems The Mouat Vapor Heating Co. 1246 W. Fourth Street CLEVELAND, OHIO The Mouat System of heating is 2-pipe gravity vapor, operating at from 1 to 2 oz. pressure, resulting in positive and successful hand control of the supply of heat at the radiators. It has no pumps, thermostatic valves, return traps or mechanically operated parts of any kind. RADIATOR RETURN FITTINGS The Mouat Radiator Return Fitting is a specially designed water seal, with a by-pass for air. It also has provision for drainage to prevent freezing. Note--All of the Mouat Specialties have been designed to work in conjunction with one another; therefore, these specialties are not sold separately, but only complete for each installation. A detailed working plan and specification prepared by experienced engineers is furnished for each building in which the Mouat System is used. .' PACKLESS FRACTIONAL RADIATOR SUPPLY VALVES Has Jenkins Disc and is substantially made. Easily adjusted, when installed, to suit the size or working conditions of the radiator to which it is connected. ' . Mg AIR RELIEF VALVES The Mouat Air Relief Valve or Main Vent is provided with a properly pro portioned vent ing area. It has no thermostatic, mechanically operated or float parts. VAPOR PRESSURE 'GAUGES The Mouat Vapor Pressure Gauge indicates ounces of pres sure by water elevation in ' a glass tube. DAMPER REGULATORS This regulator is con trolled by the pressure in the boiler''and auto matically regulates the drafts. It will maintain a pressure of from one to two ounces, and is sufficiently sensitive to operate at :.a variation of less than one ounce. The working ' parts are connected above * the ' water line of the boiler and are not affected by a high or low water line or the variations of an un steady water line. No water can be forced out of the boiler through the regulator. This regulatorcan also.be used to reduce steam pressure to vapor pres sure on central station heating plants. Showing how the Heat can be Graduated or Controlled 397 Heating Systems MUELLER CO. Decatur, 111. . . 145-149 W. 30th St.. New York BRANCHES 1072-76 Howard St., San Francisco . 2468 Hunter St.. Los Angeles PRODUCTS ' Mueller Automatic System of Hot Water Heat Control . Reducing and Regulating Valves for water. . Reducing and Regulating Valves for steam. Relief Valves. Water Strainers. . Complete line of High Grade Plumbing Brass Goods Mueller Automatic System of Hot Water Heat Control--This is a closed system .operating automatically without an expansion tank. It can be quickly installed on either new or old jobs. The water in the system is always kept fresh. This promotes good circulation. Just enough water is admitted by the re ducing valve to supply the amount re leased by the relief valve. RE0UCIN6 VALVE When air is released from a radiator, it is not necessary to go to the basement to turn water into the system as is the case with other systems. The reducing valve takes care of this. A very considerable saving in fuel- is effected due to the automatic control of dampers and rapid circulation. Perfectly safe as both reducing valve and relief valve are operated by the pressure of the water in the system. These valves are especially constructed and tested for use on this system. The reducing and relief valves are positive in action and durable, the working parts being made of bronze with phosphor bronze diaphragms. Boiling point of water raised to higher point than with open system. The damper regulator is a very important part of this system as it is not only a fuel saver but also is a safety feature, checking the fire when the. desired temperature is reached. Reducing and Regulating Valves--For steam, water, air, gas, oil, etc., and relief valves that are absolutely dependable. They will'not stick after long periods of disuse. Brass Gpods-j--Everything in the line of brass faucets, stops, etc., for lavatory and bath room, and also complete line of laboratory faucets adopted and. approved by leading universities such as the Mas sachusetts Tech. Mueller Co. has been in business from 1857 and has an acknowledged reputation for quality goods. Specific information regarding any Mueller product will be cheerfully given upon re quest. . 398 Heating Systems Reading Heater & Supply Co. Incorporated GENERAL OFFICES Woodward and Church Streets Reading, Pa. Manufacturers and Distributors of The Reading Tank-in-the-Basement Systems for Hot Water Heating and The Reading All-Metal Temperature Regulator for Hot Water Heaters, Domestic Heaters and Storage Tanks, Wholesale Dealers in Boilers, Radiators and Heating Specialties. The Reading Tank-in-theBasement Sys tem, /or Hot Water Heating, is a long step in advance of the old method of placing the Ex pansion Tank above the high est radiator, in that it removes the tank to the basement, obviating many objectionable features and removing the liability of fracture by freezing of the expansion line or overflow. The Reading Tank is proportioned ac cording to the amount of radiating sur face on the job, and provides ample air space to allow for expansion. The gauge glass enables the operator to detect any air leakage and to maintain a sufficient air space. The Reading Relief Valve permits a slight pressure on the system, even when the water is cold. This means increased efficiency and prevents the accumulation of air in the upper radiators. The in creased pressure will not cause leaks as the air cushion prevents undue strains. We furnish complete instructions for in stallation. Capacities and Prices (Subject to trade discount) * No. 1. 300 to 500 ft. of Radiation $38 No. 2. 500 to 800 ft. of Radiation 40 No. 3. 800 to 1,000 ft. of Radiation 41 No. 4. 1.000 to 1.300 ft. of Radiation 45 No. 5. 1,300 to 1,800 ft. of Radiation 50 No. 6. 1.800 to 2.000 ft. of Radiation 56 In ordering Reading Tank-in-the-Basement Systems the following information is required: Amount of radiation on job, square feet; number of stories to be heated. The Reading All-Metal Regulator can be used to control water temperature in any system, regardless of pressure car ried. The Regulator is easily applied and the action is sensitive and reliable. We will be glad to send a catalog describ ing our complete line of Specialties, upon request. Our Engineering Department will welcome the opportunity to assist the trade in difficult problems pertaining to our line, and we invite such inquiries. We carry a large stock of boilers of all capacities, Round or Sectional, and can make prompt shipments. . INTEPtOP t fCA&r/e All Metal 7Empc:pati0? Pegulato# 399 Heating and Piping Systems Grinnell Company, Inc. Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Executive Offices PROVIDENCE, R. I. Atlanta. Ga. (Plant and Foundry) Auburn, R. I. (Plant and Foundry) Baltimore. Mp. Boston. Mass. Chicago. III. (Plant) Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland. Ohio ' Columbus. Ohio BRANCHES AND PLANTS Dallas. Tex. Detroit. Mich. Greenville, S. C. Kansas City. Mo. MILWAUKEE! WlS. Minneapolis. Minn. New Orleans, La. New York. N. Y. North Charlotte, N. C. (Plant) Orlando. Fla. Philadelphia. Pa. (Plant) Providence, R. I. (Plant and Foundry). Rochester. N. Y. St. Louis. Mo. Warren, Ohio (Plant and Foundry) GRINNELL COMPANY OF THE PACIFIC Los Anoeles, Calif. (Plant) San Francisco. Calif. (Plant) Seattle, Wash. GRINNELL COMPANY OF CANADA, LTD. Montreal. Que. (Plant) Toronto, Ont. (Plant and Foundry) Vancouver. B. C. (Plant) Winnipeg. Man. Cooperative Engineering and Contracting Service on Heating Systems^-Seventy years experi ence in piping installation puts Grinnell Company, Inc., in an especially advantageous position to render service of the highest order to heating engineers and their clients. This not only includes a cooperative advisory service which . . is frequently usCd-by engineers who desire authoritative practical infor mation when working-on problems more or less' out of the ordinary, but also a complete and expert contracting service as well. Close contact with power and industrial piping enables Grinnell Engineers to approach questions of heating with full realization of their relationship to other factors. In formation supplied by members of the Grinnell Staff regarding the: utilization of waste heat through the agency of hot water systems, the utilization of exhaust steam, ' etc., has proved of invaluable; assistance in working out more: efficient heating. Grinnell Engineering or Con tracting Service is equally satis factory on the remodeling of old heating systems--a type of work with which the Company is thor oughly familiar. Power and Industrial Piping --The advantages of placing con tracts for all necessary piping with one reputable company are ob vious. Responsibility is centralized and a saving in cost, is often effected. Grinnell Company, Inc. is prepared to submit bids and render expert, personally. super vised construction service on all types of Power Plant and Indus trial Imping including Automatic Sprinkler Systems, piping for Acids, Alkalis; etc., Compressed Air Cleaning Systems, Humidifying Systems, Drying Machinery. A contract placed-with Grinnell Com pany is carried 'out to the satisfac tion of all concerned. Materials of the highest quality are used. Grin nell Adjustable Hangers and Grin nell Fittings, for instance, save work iii installation and make for ' 400 Grinnell Company, Inc. Heating and Piping Systems cleaner, more satisfactory finished hours for- splitting, quilling, etc., jobs and lower maintenance costs. we think nothing of doing the job Pipe, Bends, Welds, Etc.-- in six hours." Another user of Grinnell facilities for making Pipe this warp dryer reduced his split Bends, Welds and Lap Joints are ting, quilling and winding costs second to none. Three plants-- fifty per cent. Providence, R. I., Auburn, O., This same principle has been Atlanta, Ga.,--equipped with incorporated also into a slasher special modern machinery and dryer and a yarn dryer with equally operated by the most skillful work astonishing results. men make possible unusually In view of this experience we prompt and efficient service on this believe we can successfully adapt important work. this new Grinnell principle to the Humidifying Sy stem s-- solution of any drying problem. Through our affiliations with Amer- ' Without any cost or obligation to ican Moistening Company, we are those who will frankly tell us what in a position to design and install their drying problems are, we are complete humidifying systems, willing to investigate to see if this using devices long standard in this principle of low temperatures and work. An especially reliable and large air volume in a predetermined sensitive control is a feature of all way may be the remedy. American Moistening Company equipments, which include, in ad dition to its new Simplex Humidi fier, sectional, fan type, high duty and ventilating humidifiers; atomi zer or compressed air systems, air conditioning room equipment, etc. Grinnell Fittings--After years of buying cast iron fittings on the open market Grinnell Company concluded that the best way to obtain clean accurate fittings of . uniformly high quality was to cast them in Grinnell Foundries. Grin Grinnell Textile Drying Ma nell Cast Iron Flat Band Fittings chinery---Grinnell Company made to conform to the American manufacture a complete line of standard adopted by the Manu textile drying machinery which has facturers Committee on Standardi been.developed on one basic under zation of Fittings and by the lying principle--Lower . Tempera N. F. P. A. can now be obtained tures and Greater Air Volume with by other users. Impartial- pur a Defined Air Movement. chasers agree that accuracy of This principle has been incor threading, freedom from sand holes, porated into a warp drying machine and smoothness of core speed up about which one user says; "When, installations and reduce replace with the use of cylinder dryers' ments wherever Grinnell Fittings there was required about thirty are specified. - GRINNELL COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe-Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Grinnell Company, Inc. Heating and Piping Systems GRINNELL COMPANY . Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. i Grinnell Adjustable Hangers ONE of the chief advantages of Grinnell Adjustable Hangers is that they permit adjustment of pipe lines after installation, thus obviating the necessity of turn buckles or the removal of hangers. And their time and trouble-saving qualities during installation are equally exceptional. On this and the two following pages are shown a few Grinnell Hangers of particular interest to heating engineers. The Grinnell Hanger Blue Book, however, illustrates and describes the complete line and carries mechanical drawings and dimensional tables on practically every hanger shown. This feature alone makes the Grinnell Hanger Blue Book invaluable to Engineers, Architects and Draftsmen.. As many copies as you require will be sent on request. Fig. No. 101 Adjustable Swivel Ring--Solid Ring Type (Patented October 4. 1921) THIS Malleable Iron Adjustable Swivel Ring can be used with Coach Screw Rod or Machine Threaded Rod in connection with practically any type of Ceiling Flange, Expansion Case, Insert, etc. ' The unusual feature of this ring is the Swivel Shank. An adjustment of at least 1Y in. is secured by simply turning the nut on the shank. No temporary support of the pipe line is necessary while making adjustments. By means of a unique locking device the Swivel Shank can be locked to prevent loosening due to vibration in.the pipe line. Fig. No. 104 Adjustable Swivel Ring--Split Ring Type ' (Patented October'4. 1921) - THE Split Ring Type of the Adjustable Swivel Ring was also designed for use with Coach Screw Rod or .with Machine Threaded Rod. The Swivel Shank feature allows the same adjustment as in Fig. No. 101 and .the off-center hinging of the ring, by providing, sufficient seating to hold pipe securely, permits adjustments before the Ring is closed. The closing of the hinged section of this Ring securely locks the Swivel Shank. Fig. No. 816 Side I-Beam Clamp (Patented April 6, 1915) ADAPTABLE to many uses, this Side I-Beam Clamp has ample strength for hanging ^ to 12 in. pipe from I-Beams. This Clamp in different sizes will fit all sizes of Standard and Bethlehem I-Beams, and most sizes of Bethlehem Girder Beams. Under conditions requiring vertical adjustment of the pipe line, this Side I-Beam Clamp is used with the Extension Piece. This Extension Piece allows 1 in. adjustment at the top of the hanger rod, and a full swing of the rod itself. Channel Iron Clamp DUE to the adjustability of the Grinnell Channell Iron Clamp, three sizes of these clamps, with varying lengths of clamp rods, each with a simple hex-nut, will meet most of the conditions encountered in practical installation.work in connection with, channels. We know of nothing else on the market which will obviate the necessity for the making of specials for Channel Iron work. 402 Grinnell Company, Inc. Heating and Piping Systems GRINNELL COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers,' . Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Adjustable Wall Radiator Brackets r 11HE Grinnell Adjustable Wall Radiator Brackets shown here were designed to support either a single tier of radiation or two tiers^-one in front of the other. Fig. No. 190 shows bracket with single foot for supporting one tier--Fig. 191 shows bracket with double foot, long, screw and double collar, for holding two. sections in place. ' Only one bolt is necessary to securely fasten these brackets to the wall. This means low installation cost as it cuts drilling holes down to a minimum. Cost of installation can be further reduced by spacing these hangers farther apart than ordinary type of weaker construc tion, especially where hook bolts are set in the wall. When hook bolt is used it can be set without extremely accurate measurements due. to. the liberal range of vertical adjustment and as only three points of the bracket touch the Fig. No. 190 wall, the difficulty so often experienced with rough brick work is practically eliminated. Fig. No. 191 Adjustable Wall Coil Hangers (Patented May 20. 1923) ' THE Adjustable Wall Coil Hanger can be furnished with four separate brackets--two for single coils and two for double coils. The brackets locate the center of the coils 2Y or 6Y in. from back of bracket. Where double coils are used the second hangs SY in- in front of the first. Besides the adjustable advantages of these hangers which permit the hanger plate to be raised or lowered to secure perfect pipe alignment, it is only necessary to fasten the individual bracket in place by two bolts. This saves labor.,- Saddle Hangers-- Standard Type Fig. No. 169 GRINNELL Saddle Hangers are unique inasmuch as the hanger bar is of steel in stead of cast iron. This Feature not only reduces the weight of the hanger but also re duces its cost. Hex-nuts at bottom of rods support the hanger and allow liberal adjust ment. These Saddle Hangers are excep tionally strong and will not sag. Labor cost of installation, is considerably less than with Branch Rolls and Rods. The Saddle Hanger is used in connection with Y in. rods and hex-nuts on 2 to 8 branch hangers --% in. rods and hex-nuts oh 9 to 12 branch _ hangers--and with Expansion Cases, Grin nell Hanger Flanges, or with Side I-Beam Clamps to steel work, for supporting.overhead coils. 403 Grinnell Company, Inc. Heating and Piping Systems GRINNELL COMPANY Heating, Industrial and Power Plant Piping, Fittings, Hangers, Valves, Pipe Bending, Welding, Piping Supplies, Etc. Adjustable Swivel Pipe Roll (Patented October 4, 1921) THE Adjustable Swivel Pipe Roll supplies the need for any ad justable type of pipe roll hanger with single hanger rod/ It is unique inasmuch as vertical adjustment can be made by use of the swivel shank at the top of the hanger. * Fig. No. 174 Branch Pipe Rolls GRINNELL Pipe Rolls are especially designed to take care of expansion and con-^ traction. The rolls are made hollow so that only a small surface is in contact with the rod whereas the surface in contact with the pipe is made as large as possible. This allows the roll to take care of expan sion and contraction properly. Through a specially designed socket, vertical adjustment is allowed at the bottom of each vertical rod as well as at the Ceiling Flange. Furthermore, the nut at the bottom of the hanger rod fits into a recess of the socket' preventing loosening or turning from vibra tion. Fig. No. 17t Pig. No. 199 Adjustable Pipe Stand--Anchor Chair-- Pipe Seat--used with ' Welded Steel Bracket C^ELDED Steel Bracket Fig. No. 199 is light in weight v ' as compared with the usual cast iron brackets. It was designed primarily for use with the Grinnell Adjustable Pipe Stand Fig. No. 196, Anchor Chair Fig. No. 197 and Pipe Seat Fig. No. 198, here illustrated. ' These combine the strongest type of brackets and pipe sup ports procurable. The Adjustable Pipe Stand as used with the Steel Bracket has excellent adjustment features, it being possible to obtain vertical adjustment, by simply ad- * justing bolts on the roll stand. A lateral adjustment or movement is possible with the Adjustable Pipe Stand and Pipe Seat by sliding the Stand or Seat on the bracket. With the Anchor Chair, lateral adjustment is also possible if Chair is moved before the nuts on the anchor yoke are tightened. ` Fig. No. 197 404 Fig. No. 198 E. Vernon Hill Co. AEROLOGISTS 64 West Randolph Street - . Instruments Chicago THE COMFORT PSYCHROMETER $100,000.00 have been spent in research work to obtain the data that makes this instrument possible. It is now available in simple usable form in the Comfort Psychrometer. The wet bulb thermometer" on the instrument has a double scale--in red and black-- giving at all points the desir able dry bulb for any wet bulb I temperature, and the desirable wet bulb for any dry bulb . temperature. It is a con venient, accurate psychrometer and comfort scale thermometer. We Carry a Complete Line of Air Testing Instruments: Ther mometers, Psych rometers, Dust Counters, A. C. Machines, Anemom eters, all kinds of Gages, Pitot Tubes, and complete instrument test cases. We Manufacture, Individually Test and Unqualifiedly Guarantee every Instrument We Sell. Write for Interesting Circulars 405 Instruments Taylor Instrument Companies . ESTABLISHED 1851 Executive Offices and Factory, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Canadian Plant, Tycos Building, Toronto, Canada - . New York Boston Pittsburgh Los Angeles SALES OFFICES San Francisco Tulba Chicago St. Louis Atlanta Philadelphia Cleveland Indianapolis Milwaukee Cincinnati Detroit Minneapolis Indicating, Recording and Controlling Instruments in over 8000 types ana styles. For Steam, Power, Refriger ating and Cold Storage Plants. Air Duct, Oven, Kiln and other Industrial and Manufacturing Appli- . cations. Tfipor Products Include Among the instruments of particular interest to Heating and Ventilating Engineers are: - Thermometers. Pyrometers. Electrical Contact Temperature Controls. "Single-Duty" and "Double Duty" Temperature Regulators. "Thermo-Tyme" Regulators. Self-Acting Temperature Regu lators. . Pressure Regulators. ' Draft and Vacuum Gages. Tycos Industrial Thermometers Designed for Air Ducts are extremely sensitive and are used extensively by heating and ventilating engineers. Tycos Recording Thermometers U sed to record air duct temperatures. The self-contained type (not illus trated) is used to record room tem peratures--Clock furnished . with 7 day charts. Tycos Wet and Dry Bulb Recorders A convenient method of obtaining relative humidity records. Equipped with blowers to keep air moving over bulbs at uniform velocities. Tycos Temperature Regulators Type P is supplied with flange con nections for air ducts, air washers, and room conditioners, etc. Double duty Regulators are used with wet bulb attachment for humidity control. Tycos Anemometer For registering velocity, of air currents. Tycos Sling Psychrometer A portable and accurate means of determining humidity--Pocket types available. . Tycos Type P Temperature Regulator Tycos Wet and Dry Bulb Recorder Tycos Anemometer Write for Catalog 406 Insulating Materials Telephone Main 4995 The Ric-wiL Company Established 1910 UNDERGROUND CONDUIT SYSTEMS FOR HEATING PIPES Union Trust Building CLEVELAND, OHIO Agents in Principal Cities--Refer to Local Telephone Directory Products--Ric-wiL Interlocking Conduit, Inter locking Base Drain, Pipe Supports and Ric-wiL Underground Pipe Covering used in the "Ric-wiL Method" of Insulating Underground Steam, Hot Water and Fuel Oil Pipes. Ric-wiL Interlocking Conduit--Ric-wiL Con duit is first quality, standard weight, vitrified salt glazed tile of the bell and spigot type. It is shipped on the job in full round sections and split into top and bottom halves as used. When installed bell and side joints are sealed with Portland cement. - The top half has an overhanging lip that interlocks with the bottom half, providing extra cementing surface and protecting the side joints of tile against water. Top and bottom halves are numbered in pairs so that companion pieces may be kept to , gether. Sections all in 2-ft. lengths, sizes from 4 to 24 in. inside diameter. Every sixth section of conduit has an opening in the bottom half through which a pipe support of the roller type projects to carry the steam, hot water or oil pipes thus making the pipe supports independent of the conduit itself--a desirable feature for this class of work. Ric-wiL Interlocking Base ~ Drain--Ric-wiL ' Base Drain is first quality vitrified salt glazed tile of such design that it is both a base for supporting ' and lining up the conduit, and drain for carrying away any water which might otherwise accumulate around the conduit. The base drain also provides two points of support for conduit, adding 35 per cent to the ground load which the conduit will carry safely as compared to the same conduit placed on flat ground or broken stone. The top of the base drain has a slot in it into which the beil of conduit fits thus making sections of conduit and base drain stagger with each other so that a strong interlocking construction results. . No concrete foundation is necessary in solid ground. Free drainage area of the base drain is large and ample for every practical condition. Three sizes are made: No. 1 for 4 and 6 in. conduits. No. 2 for 8 to 15 in. inclusive, and No. 3 for larger sizes.- We will furnish ordinary drain tile instead of base drain if desired but the base drain will save more than its extra cost in labor and makes a far better job. Ric-wiL Pipe Supports--The pipe supports are planned to carry from one to five or more pipes and are ordinarily spaced 12 ft. apart. They are strong, made of cast iron, rust proofed, and interlocked with the base drain, imposing no load on the conduit itself. Once in place, no movement of the pipes can disturb them. Ric-wiL Conduit Systems. for All Uses-- Ric-wiL Conduit is of four types to meet varying service requirements. . Type SPC System for steam heating and power pipes and for superheated steam. The tile itself is not lined with insulation as in types DA and DF but the insulation is applied to pipes direct and consists of any standard make of sectional pipe covering, the kind and thickness depending upon the service to be rendered. Double drainage is provided in this type. Type F System for steam heating and power pipes. A lower priced type than the others, consisting of unlined Ric-wiL Conduit with filler packed around the pipes. Filler is the same as described in Type DF System. Type DA System for hot water, fuel oil, and con densation returns. Tile and insulation in one, the latter moulded inside the tile and keyed in. Consists of a diatomaceous earth (Sil-O-Cel) mixture, light in weight and of high insulating quality; will not deteriorate. This type insulates the pipes from surrounding ground but not from each other, mak- - ing it specially adapted to house oil and steam pipes together for fuel oil transmission. Excep tionally easy to install. Type DF System for steam heating and power pipes. This is type DA with the addition of Ric-wiL-Conduit Filler to be packed around the pipes at approximately 15 lb. per cu. ft. The filler is a good non-conductor which will not corrode the pipes nor shrink. . Inquiries--Inquiries should state the size of pipe or pipes to be covered and the services to be carried by them--whether steam, condensation return, hot water or fuel oil. If steam, give pressure. Catalog and Price List on request. Engineering---An engineering service is main tained for the convenience of customers. Maximum Capacity of Conduits With Standard Equipment--Approximate In. Diameter 4. 6 8 10 12 15 16 20 22 24 1 Pipe 2 Pipes 3 Pipes Wl ve/i None 3 Va-Va None 4Vi I'/a-I'/a I'/a-I'/a-I 68 2-2 3-3 2-2-1'A 3-3-1 Vi 10 4-4 4-4-2 12 5-5 5-5-21/z 14 6-6 6-6-3 16 7-7 7-7-3'/, 18 8-8 8-8-4 407 s Insulating Materials Johns-Manville Inc. Miners of Asbestos, Manufacturers of Asbestos and Allied Products EXECUTIVE OFFICES 292 Madison Avenue, at 41st Street - NEW YORK, N. Y. 63 Branch Offices Throughout The Country DIVISION SALES OFFICES Boston 9, Mass.. 55-63 High Street Chicago. III.. Michigan Avenue and 18th Street Cleveland, Ohio, 6300 Euclid Avenue New York. N. Y.. 292 Madison Avenue at 41st Street (Executive Offices) Philadelphia, Pa., 210-12 North Broad Street St. Lotus, Mo.. 1014 Olive Street San Francisco, Cal., 500 Post Street Toronto, Ont.. Canadian Johns-Manville CoLtd.. 19 Front Street. East Please Communicate with Nearest Division Sales Office INSULATION SPECIFICATIONS (Abbreviated Form) High Pressure and Intermediate Pressure Steam Lines--All high pressure and intermediate pressure steam lines indoors, and high pressure drip piping, including connections to all engines turbines, pumps, auxiliaries, water columns, safety valves, superheaters and soot blowers, shall be insulated with Johns-Manville 85 percent Magnesia of the following thickness: Steam Pressure or Condition Thickness of Insulation Tempera ture Deg. Fahr. Pipes Pipes Pipes Larger 2 in. to Smaller than 4 in. 4 in. than 2 in. Johns-Manville Improved Asbestocel Sectional Insulation. Steam Heating Supply and Return Mains, Risers and Radiator Branches--All steam heat ing supply and return mains and branches, and all risers, shall be insulated with 4-ply JohnsManville Improved Asbestocel Insulation. All con cealed radiator branches shall be insulated with 3-ply Johns-Manville Improved Asbestocel-Insulation. . High Pressure Steam Lines In Manufacturing Buildings--All high pressure steam piping and high pressure drip piping used in connection with distribution of steam for manufacturing purposes shall be insulated with Asbesto-Sponge Felted Sectional Insulation of the following thicknesses: 25 to 100 tbs. 100 to 200 lbs. Superheat 267 to 338 338 to 388 388 to 500 500 to 600 I'/z' Std. Std. 2V DbL Std. W* Std. w y Dbl. Std. w Steam Pressure. Tempera ture Deg. Fahr. Thickness of Insulation Pipes Pipes Larger 2 in. to than 4 in. 4 in. than 2 in: Superheated Steam Piping (Temperatures above G00 deg. fahr.)--All superheated steam piping shall be insulated with Johns-Manville High Temperature Combination Insulation of thicknesses shown below: Steam . Condition Tempera ture Deg. Fahr. Thickness of Insulation Pipes Pipes Pipes 'Larger 2 in. to Smaller than 4 in. 4 in. than 2 in. High Superheat 600 to 700 High Superheat 700 to 800 m* 4' y W Low Pressure and Exhaust Steam and Feed Water Piping--All low pressure, exhaust steam and feed water piping shall be insulated with 4-ply 25 to 100 100 to 200 267 to 338 338 to 388 w 2r I'A* I'A' 1* \m- T Fittings, Valves and Flanges--All pipe fittings, valves and flanges shall be insulated with block and plastic insulation to the same thickness as the adjacent pipe insulation. Block insulation shall be of the same material as the adjacent pipe insulation and plastic material used shall be hard finish Asbestos Cement. Block insulation may be omitted on pipe sizes smaller than 4 in., or where total thickness of insulation is'less than 1M `nand the entire thickness of insulation in such cases may be made up of hard finish Asbestos Cement. Cold Water Piping--All cold service water piping, including risers and concealed fixture connections or exposed soil or waste lines, shall be insulated 408 Johns-Manville Inc. Insulating Materials with Anti-Sweat Insulation 1 in. thick applied in two layers with all joints broken, fittings with Hair Felt and hard finish Asbestos Cement to the same thickness. -Finish of Insulation--All insulation on pipes, fittings, valves and flanges which is exposed to view shall be enclosed in an extra jacket of 8-oz. canvas applied over rosin sized paper. Where insulation is concealed the light canvas fur nished in manufacture is to be pasted down over the joints and the insulation additionally secured by means of brass lacquered bands applied at least two to a section. Warm Air Ducts--AH warm air ducts, flues, heater casings and fan housings in the ventilating system shall be insulated with 4-ply Improved Asbestocel sheet insulation finished with hard finish Asbestos Cement inch thick, applied over hexagonal wire reinforcement. The cement finish shall be troweled to a smooth and uniform surface. Where this insulation is exposed to view it shall be finished with a jacket of 8-oz. canvas, glued to the insulation and 'sewed in place. Painting--AH insulation exposed to view and en closed in a jacket of 8-oz. canvas is to be painted with one coat of glue-sizing and two coats of first quality lead and oil paint of a color selected by the architect. Underground Lines--AH high and low pressure steam lines and hot water lines running under ground outside of buildings shall be installed in Johns-Manville System of Underground Insulation. This system shall-be'installed in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. All of the above insulation is to be furnished and applied by the manufacturer of the materials used, or by bis approved contractor, in accordance with the manufacturer's standard specifications. Johns-Manville is prepared to furnish detailed ' standard specifications on any of the above items, as well as on the following and many others: . Boilers, Boiler Settings, Tube Doors, Breechings-and Smoke Flues, Stack Lining, Stack Insulation, Feed Water Heaters, Pump Cylinders, Hot Water Piping, ' Ice Water Piping, Refrigeration Piping, Pipes Exposed to Freezing. JOHNS-MANVILLE IMPROVED ASBESTOCEL INSULATION For insulating pipes conveying hot water or steam at medium and low pressure. EFFICIENCIES !& Inches Ply Temperature Difference Between Pipe and Surrounding Air, Deg. Fahr. 100 150 200* - 250* 300* Temperature of Pipe. Deg. Fahr. (Temperature of Surrounding Air, 75 Deg.) 175 225 275 * 325 375^ Heat losses per linear foot'of bare pipe per hour and efficiencies of insulation ' 1 Bare Pipe Loss, B.Lu....... 2-ply Efficiency %..................... 5-ply 4-ply " %...................... %..................... 74.0 57.8 62.9 66.4 123.8 59.8 64.8 681 183.4 61.6 66.6 69.7 253.7 63.2 68.2 71.2 337.4 64.8 69.7 72.6 2 Bare Pipe Loss. B.Lu....... 2-ply Lihctency %..................... 3-ply " %..................... 4-ply * %..................... 133.9 64.5 69.7 73.0 . 223.9 66.1 71:3 74.5 331.5 67.6 72.6 75.7 458.7 68.9 73.9 76.9 608.3 70.1 75.1 78.0 3 Bare Pipe Loss, B.Lu....... 2-ply Efficiency %..................... 3-plv 4-ply " %..................... 197.3 67.2 72.6 75.9 330.1 68.7 74.0 77.2 4B6.8 70.0 75.3 78.3 676.3 71.2 76.4 79.4 696.8 72.3 77.4 80.3 4 Bare Pipe Lost, B.t.u....... 2-ply Efficiency %..................... 3-jply 4-ply * %..................... " %..................... 253.5 66.6 74.0 77.4 424.2 70.0 75.3 78.5 627.9 71.3 76.5 79.6 868.8 72.4 77.6 80.6 1152.1 73.4 . 78.6 81.5 6 Bare Pipe Loss. B.t.u....... 2-ply Efficiency %..................... i-piv 4-ply %..................... - %..................... 371.9 70.0 75:6 79.0 623.9 71.4 76.8 80.1 923.7 72.6 77.9 81.1 1278 1 73.7 79.0 . 82.0 1694.9 74.7 79.9 2.8 8 Bare Pipe Loss, B.Lu....... 2-ply Efficiency %..................... 3-ply ' * 4-plv " %..................... %.................. 485.7 70.9 76.4 79.8 812.5 72.2 77.6 80.9 1203.0 73.3 78.6 81.8 1664 5 74.4 79.6 82.7 2207.3 75.3 80.5 83.5 409 Johns-Manville Inc. Insulating Materials Space limitations do not permit the insertion of complete efficiency tables, pipe sizes, insulation thick.ness. etc. If you do not find the size you want, write to the nearest Johns-Manville Division sales office. JOHNS-MANVILLE 85 PER CENT MAGNESIA INSULATION An efficient insulation'for steam lines to 600 deg. fahr. D. ( Nominal pP* Insulation .5"e Thickness Ind"* Inch.. 0 Std. 2 3 0 Std. 2 3 0 Std. .2 3 0 Std. 2 3 0 Std. 2 3 0 Std. 2 3 0 1 2 3 EFFICIENCIES Tcmpc..tu,c Between Kpe end Surrougd.ng An. De^hr. Temperature of Pipe. Deg- Fahr. (Tnperature of Surrounding Air. ^Deg.) 175 Bare Pipe Loss. B.t.u-.. %................. Bare Pipe Loss, B.CU.-. * %................. Bare Pipe Loss. . " %................. Bare Pipe Loss, B.t.u... " %................. Bare Pipe Loss, B,t.u... " %................. Bare Pip Loss. B.t.u... " %................. (Bare Surface) . " %..............- 74.0 68.7 78.4 81.4 133.9 76.7 83.3 86.2 197.3 78,8 85.2 88.2 253.5 81.7 86.4 89.3 371.9 82.7 87.8 90.4 485.7 83.7 88.4 91.1 82.36 90.16 93.22 183.4 73.7 82.0 84.6 331.5 80.5 85.9 88.5 488.8 82.3 87.7 90.2 627.9 84.5 88.7 91.1 . ' 923.7 85 4 89.8 92 1 . 1203.0 86.2 90.3 92.7 85.25 91.85 94.37 337.4 77.7 84.8 555 2 81.1 . 87.3 608.3 83.3 88.2 90.2 896.8 84.8 ' 1152.1 86.9 90.5 92 4 1694.9 87.6 1003 9 85-7 90.2 91.9 87.1 91.4 93.0 1901.3 89.1 92.1 . 2797.1 89.7 93.3 2207.3 88.4 91.8 93.7 87.60 93.12 95.25 94.4 3642.8 90.2 ' 91 a 1614.0 89.64 96^6 ------------ :------ 891.0 84.0 89.5 90.9 88.2 91.7 93.3 2375.0 89.3 92.9 94.2 . 90.8 93.4 94.8 91.3 94.0 95.3 91.9 94.3 95.6 2590.0 91.48 95.31 96.75 Pipe Size Inches JOIINS-MANVILeLft AiBWIU-orunw--------* , f ,r For insulating high pressure and superheated steam lines to 750 deg. fahr. EFFICIENCIES Nominal Insulation Thickness Inches 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 .3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 (Temperature Difference Between Pipe and Surrounding Air, Deg. Fahr. 100 200 300 400 . 500 Bare Ppe Loss, B.t.u... " %................. Bare Ppe Loss, B.t.u... %................. Bare Pipe Loss, B.t.u... * %.................. Bare Pipe Loss. B.t.u... * %................. Bare Pipe Loss, B.t.u... - %................. Bare Pipe Loss, B.t.u... - %................ (Bare Surface) B.t.u.'.. *% Temperature of Pipe. Deg. Fahr. (Temperature of Surrounding Air, 75 Deg.) 175 74.0 76.5 80.7 83.5 . - 275 183.4 79.9 83.6 86.1 133.9 80.4 85.1 87.7 331.5 83.3 87.2 89.6 . 197.3 82.2 86.6 89.5 488.8 84.9 88.8 91 2 ' 253.5 83.3 87.9 90.5 627.9 85.6 89.7 92.0 371.9 84.2 69.1 91.5 9237 . 86.5 90.7 92.9 4857 84.8 89.6 92.1 1203.0 87.0 91.2 93.4 . 215.2 84.17 91.32 94.02 86.50 92.61 94.90 375 337.4 82.6 85.8 88.0 608.3 85.5 89.0 91.0 896.8 86.6 90 3 . 92.3 1152.1 87.6 93.0 1694.9 88.3 91 -9 93.8 2207.3 88.7`1 92.4 94.2 555.4275J 85.2 87.8 ` 89.8 1003.9 87.6 90.6 1480.0 88.6 1901.3 89.5 92.4 94.1 2797.1 90.1 n^-fl 94,8 3642.8 90.4 95 J 88.38 93.61 95 59 90.10 94.55 --------- 891f.0575 . . 87.4' 90.0 91.5 89.3 92.1 937 90.3 93.2 94.6 90.9 937 95.1 91.4 94.3 95.6 91.7 94.6 95.9 2590.0 9173 95.44 96 85 Johns-Manoille Inc. Insulating Materials JOHNS-MANVILLE STEAM TRAPS Type A (Cast Iron) The simplicity of the Johns-Manville Steam Trap practically eliminates all possibility of its getting out of order. It has and requires no adjustments, and consists of only three parts--the body, discharge bushing and rolling ball, the latter being the only part that moves. Trap No. Pip. Size Inches Capacity Pounds of Water per Hour Dimensions in Inches (See Diagram) A B C DE Weight Lbs. 2-A 3-A 4-A 5-A 6-A V* 1 v/4 I Vi 2 700 1000 1700 3500 6000 v.7tt 6 2V> 3V. 6% T'h i'A 8 14V. 23 /. J0*/4 47 12}4 11% 5V* i'/i 12V? 85 l4'/2 13 6>/ 14'/. 126 Cast Iron Models JUNIOR MODEL (Bronze) For steam pressures to 50 lbs. ^ in. outlet and inlet pipe connections. Bushings for pressures from 1 to 10 lbs. and 10 to 50 lbs. Trap Junior Pipe Size, Pressure Range Inches Pounds Capacity. Pounds of water per Hour 'h 1-10 10-50 250 4'/ inches long by 3% inches high; weight, 2 pounds, 6 ozs. RADIATOR TRAPS (Bronze and Nickel Finishes) * For steam pressures to 10 lbs.--on open (atmospheric) or vacuum return line heating systems. For use on cast iron heating radiators only. WEIGHTS Style Pipe Connection w K" Standard 2lb.,5oz. Straight way 2Jb.,3oz. Corner" ' 2 lb., 4 oz. 2 lb., 7 oz. 2 lb., 6 oz. JOHNS-MANVILLE UNDERGROUND SYSTEM OF INSULATION A specially salt glazed and highly vitrified tile conduit is used as a waterproof envelope to protect the insulation--Johns-Manville Asbesto-Sponge Conduit Filling, is packed around the piping to-be insulated and completely fills the conduit. * The cast iron roll frame used is installed in a mortar or concrete bed and is set at the proper elevation from an overhead batter-board line. This method prevents uneven alignment of the pipes by irregularity in the manufacture of the conduit, etc. The insulation used to surround the pipe is made of asbestos fibre and material of a sponge-like nature, which when properly mixed with the asbestos, forms the most efficient and durable insulation for underground work. The underdrain laid with open joints carries away'the water that rapidly filters away from the system through the broken stone or gravel in which the lower half of the system and the underdrain itself is laid. . " Shutters for sealing the ends of the system, manhole and anchor pits are incidental but necessary, and are placed according to conditions and requirements as recommended by our engineers. * 411 Metal Weather Strips Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Company Incorporated General Offices: Detroit, Mich. FACTORIES Detroit, Mich. Peru, Illinois ATLANTA BALTIMORE BOSTON BUFFALO CHICAGO DISTRICT BRANCHES CINCINNATI CLEVELAND DENVER DETROIT KANSAS CITY LOS ANGELES MINNEAPOLIS NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA PITTSBURGH ST. LOUIS WASHINGTON. D. C. WILKES BARRE 60 Sub-branches throughout the United States Comfort with fuel economy is the aim of the engineer designing a heating and ventilating plant for any type of building and it is, therefore, essential that he have complete information on weather strips when determining heat losses from a structure. ' Recent tests made by the American Society of Heat ing and Ventilating Engi neers in cooperation with (ii CHAMBERLIN The width of the groove in comparison with the metal member is the deter mining factor, otherwise the American Institute of Architects at the experi gJi'SIXa BS3-m SIAIIOARD-^] the groove might just as well be inch wider. A ment station of the U. S. testing apparatus built to Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, are of duplicate the conditions of the test at interest to the engineer, architect, con Pittsburgh and which checked the tests tractor and their clients and the results made at Pittsburgh proves this con are cited to aid the engineer in judging the clusively. value of weather strips. If the lateral expansion of white pine in a The rib type of weather strip is used in groove 62 inch wide is but 0.004 inch in 90 per cent of the installations made and . width from a thoroughly dry condition to it is universally agreed that the tongue a thoroughly wet condition, then a clear and groove principle is correct from a ance of H2 inch (0.0313) is allowing nearly practical standpoint. The weather strip eight times as much as is necessary becomes a part of the frame and engages to take care of the expansion of the wood. in a groove in the sash insuring positive contact at all times and one that does not In regular installation it isn't practical to become disengaged after a few years use. allow only 0.004 inch and the standard The width of the groove is the determining factor in the efficiency of the weather strip. In the official report covering the test made on this type of weather stripping is a paragraph which reads: - grooving plane for the Chamberlin Rib Type allows a clearance of 0.012 inch, this being three times the expansion of the wood anc| sufficient under all circum stances. But--in the test on the Rib "The Rib Type strip has one metal member fas tened on the frame which fits into a groove ploughed Type at Pittsburgh, the groove clear ance was nearly three times as much in the sash by the carpenter applying the strip. The width of this groove in comparison with the as ordinary practice. width of the metal member may be the determining factor in the leakage through a window to which Inasmuch as the Chamberlin Rib Type this type of strip is applied. In .this instance, the rib was H in. wide and the groove 1/32 in. wider. DeVoIson Wood (A. S. M. E. Transactions, Volume has been installed successfully for a period of thirty-three years, and the experience of No. 10) gives the lateral expansion of white pine as 2.6 per cent from dryness to saturation. With the groove 5/32 in. wide a variation of 0.004 in. these thirty-three years tells us that a clearance of 0.012 inch is ample for in width is given from one-extreme to the other. Though most sashes at the present time are made of some less expensive wood, such as-Cypress or ordinary conditions, it is fair to assume that that clearance should be allowed. . Spruce, it is pfpbable that the expansion of either would not be .much greater than white pine. . A comparison of the figures of the follow Therefore, the clearance allowed here would be ample in any case." * ing table shows very clearly the different 412 TTV Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Co., Inc. Metal Weather Strips results obtained when the groove for the Rib Type strip is made in accordance with the standard that has been in vogue for thirty-three years. The conclusions obtained at the Pitts burgh and other tests necessarily do not take into consideration the time element. It was not possible in a laboratory test of this'kind to determine what the result would be after a period of years. That this time element is a big factor is recognized from the Official Report which reads: ` "The most important factor in .the problem of infiltration has been the subject of much discussion and is not yet definitely determined. This factor is the clearance of the average window after it has been in service a sufficient length of time to have reached its final condition in regard to .shrinkage which is a question for architects and heating engineers to decide. A simple solution to the prob lem can be obtained by actually measuring and then averaging the clearances of a sufficient number of windows in buildings which are at least five years old." _- Standard Chamberlin Installations have been in'use for thirty-three years, and it is possible to include in tests the time ele ment. Engineers have been employed to ` make tests on these standard installations which have been in use over a long period of years, and some of the results are given in the following tables. Tests were made by putting a collecting chamber on the inside of the window opening taking an ane mometer reading of the leakage over a period of thirty minutes. The wind velocities were^obtained from the U. S. Weather .Bureau, and the resultant leak age compared with the leakages found on non-weather stripped windows at the. Pittsburgh test. Of course, during the thirty-three years that Standard Chamberlin Installations have been made there have been changes and improvements in the strip and the method of installation, and for this reason tests are shown on installations that have been in use from 2 to 33 years to make sure that an average could be obtained that would cover not only the original installations but likewise all of the improvements that have been added. We submit that as a proof of efficiency, it is much more important for the Architect, Engineer, Contractor and Consumer to know what the result of a weather strip installation will be thirty or more years after the application has. been made than the result obtained immediately after installation. Certainly an installation that will remain effective over this long period of years is a much more efficient installation than one which cannot hold out excepting for a comparatively few years. CHAMBERLIN INSTALLATION POLICIES For a period of 14 years, that is, from 1893 to 1907, Chamberlin distribution and installation functioned under the licensee or dealer system. The company, therefore, had no decisive administrative influence on the sales or installation methods of these agents. In 1907, however, the Chamberlin Com pany made a radical change and for the past 18 years Chamberlin has been sold by company branches and installed by company mechanics. Thirty-three years have proven the prin ciple of Chamberlin Weather Strip design and the practicability of the theory that the installation is equally as important as the design. The founders of the Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Company considered most important the ideal of rendering hot only the best of service but indefinite satis faction in the case of every installation. The same practical .ideal dominates the policies of the Company today. Chamberlin is not merely a manufacturing organization. It is more than that. The problems of manufacture are well solved, the method well-perfected. Selling is a logical function based on accepted business principles, but weather strip installation, its life-long guarantee, that is the crown ing effort to accomplish and to maintain a complete and resultful transaction, the details of which are not submitted to the care of any third parties. There are two parties to a Chamberlin installation com tract, the customer and subsequent owners of any' building, and Chamberlin who is manufacturer, salesman, installer and servicer. - 413 A IR LE A K A G E TH R O U G H A 32* 1 3 2 'IJ 2 ' x V /,'.W IN D O W W IT H A N D iW IT H O U T W EATH ER S TR IP P IN G Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Co., Inc. Metal Weather Strips Leakage and Per Cent of A ir K ept O ut. . S ta n d a rd C h a m b e rlin groove clearance 0.12 inch-- a ll crack* | Per C e n t' A ir K ept . Out . xr C ra c k . Per Cent of A ir K e p t O ut-- R ib T yp e . G roove Clearance 1/32 Inch. W eather S trip N o t Packed X* C ra c k Per Cent of A ir K ept O ut-- Interlocking Type Leakage T hrough W indow w ith R ib T yp e W eather S trip . G roove Clearance 1/32 Inch. W eather S trip N o t Packed x* i w ; Crack Crack 1 00 06 84.16 83.61 ! 82.70 j 87.78 80.28 -O w s uCO-i 8 i | 2 ? 8' EC 9 Jt UA O'" " O' 04 O04A UA 04 -J l 70.09 | 65.81 | 58.12 | 49.55 | i 50.46 | | 77.00 75.00 | 72.50 71.00 | 71.00 | 68.00 | 59.00 | 52.00 | 53,33 | 7 7 .7 7 1 7 6 .1 5 |1 7 7 .7 7 || 7 3 .0 8 | 6 3 .0 8 | 5 7 .6 9 | 6 6 .6 7 |; 6 0 .0 0 | fc u ^2 o R u<Xa> m ua 3 ua 5 80.00 | -M 1 68.44 | u1 Z t U zz I 1 00 09 | 7 0 .1 8 |I 7 0 .1 8 j 6 6 .9 7 ] |- 6 9 .3 5 6 5 .3 2 | 5 7 .6 6 | 4 8 .3 9 04 CO UA UoA R | 64.40 o O'OA 04 [ 68.18 | !| 6 6 6 7 COOA S5 5 lA O' UA 'O os CO 47.73 69.32 1 74.60 1 71.79 1 69.76 , 70.09 | 73.33 79.48 | 76.92 | 75.00 73.72 | 80.00 1 1 73.39 | * -a : u _M 2 u >o ao CO UA *11 UA 12 5 O04' 04 oo | 74.31 | 77.78 | 84.44 UA ? fO UA I*A 1-1 eo R CO UA O' S O'O' OA U 4 UA UA Cl O*A *A - UA S U0A4 U'OA OUA' UA ua A = cs 04 m fOO ? $R UA O' IA a04 IQ OOl' 04 *\ SOOA 0T4T ? <t u 4 UA UA R O(-4 Q O04' 0C4A oOA* ? ? w IA A UA UA UA O' R S 04 S Ow 5 8 2 .0 2 , 81.28 80.93 o l7 t' 1 sS*upa Je 5 Sa U > o_ S-o III"J g CEqM Co ou e-C ,, is: ds y s-ogU..shu e- -- *j jfa 1s" >O So 5o gg fr "I! its!! "ox JjS M 8.c c '2 fe J 5J ? '1 5 E C : *-o.o si 12 O J3 -- o > -^C c ft* .2 *0-2 , gta *5 g u- 3 m =,,> e o>-oB U U uC I Sg .= s 3g..e o 1?fj*sh =a J-feJ o~ 5.3 --|c>^<..aiJa "2msugij UO a0 2g a" w ', >.C7 s-ss 5s' a.s5 -3 [ 2 8 .7 7 | 3 2 .1 7 || 3 5 . 2 4 ' | 3 8 .0 7 , 00 08 | oS UA 3 OA OA s' S O'O' OA o S CO EQ eo S O 'O CO 04 CO 3 oR CO UmA COO' g UCOA s 'O S' g s oOA8 UCOA cOOA OO CO eo = CO CIS4 IA 04 a s eo 5 u r. s `o S OOAl 0o4 UA OA a. s5 OA UA vO eo OO' S s s OoA W in d V e lo c ity , M ile * p e r H o u r ................................................................. ................................... S ta n d a rd C h a m b e rlin -- S m ith . H in c h m a n i t G r y ll* T e t............ ..................................... N e w S tr ip w it h S h o u ld e r C o r r u g a tio n ..................... '....................................................... ........ | 20.35 24.90 28.77 32.17 38.07 1 40.69 ; 43.17 45.50 04 UOAA 414 <6 Leakage T hrough W indow w ith In te rlo c k in g T y p e W eather S trip ' x\ i , C ra c k Leakage T h ro u g h W indow Not W eather S tripped W in d ' V elocity Mf iilex a Chamberlin Metal Weather Strip Co., Inc. Metal Weather Strips Chamberlin Metal Weather Strips have passed the test of time and can point to a record of 33 years service which indicates their efficiency in the service which is so important to the engineer, architect, contractor and his client. . CHAMBERLIN TESTS OF TIME Name of Building E. A- De Wolfe Res. Equity Bldg. Majestic Bldg. Majestic Bldg. Union 1 mat Co. Bldg. Adolphus Busch Kes. Horace Mann School City Hall Michael Keese Hosp. Congress Hotel Detroit Club Fleming Bldg. - D'Youville College Owen Bldg. Ford Bldg. Boston College Campau bld|. Hosp. Rockefeller Inst. Cleveland Atb. Club Cooley Plaza Hotel Hubbell Bldg. Pharmacy Bldg. Dime Sav. Bk. Bldg. Board of Commerce Kresge Bldg. Kresge Bldg. David Whitney Bldg. Det. Athletic Club Peter Smith Bldg. Fort Shelby Hotel Field Museum Planters Bldg. Park Ave. Bldg. lnt'l. Shoe Co. Bldg. Location and Date of Chamberlin Installation Date of Test St. Louis, 1893 Detroit, 1894 Detroit. 1896 Detroit, 1896 Cincinnati, 1901 St. Louis, 1903 New York. 1903 Detroit. 1904 Chicago, 1906 Chicago, ITO Detroit, 1906 Des Moines, 1906 Buffalo, 190/ Detroit, 190/ Detroit, 1908 Newton, Mass. 1910 Detroit, 1910 New York. 1910 Cleveland 1911 Boston. 1912 Des Moines, IV1 ^ U. of Minn., 1912 Detroit. 1913 Detroit. 1913 Detroit, 1914 Detroit. 1914 Detroit. 1915 Detroit. 1915 Detroit, 1916 Detroit. 1918 Chicago. 1919 St. Louis, 1919 Detroit. 1922 St. Louis, 1923 3/ 7/25 12/17/24 12/11/24 12/12/24 3/20/25 3/ 7/25 4/11/25 12/ 3/24 2/15/25 2/11/25 12/ 2/24 2/17/25 4/ 3/25 12/ 6/24 11/27/24 4/10/25 12/ 3/24 4/ 9/25 4/ 2/25 4/10/25 2/16/25 2/23/25 11/28/24 f2/(0/24 12/ 9/24 12/ 9/24 M/25/24 12/13/24 12/11/24 12/ 5/24 2/26/25 3/ 7/25 12/10/24 3/ 6/25 Size of Window (Un. Ft. of Crack) 18.80 23.85 34.00 34.00 26.00 18.25 20.67 30.67 32.00 25.33 26.50 25 33 27.00 28.00 26.50 20.67 28.50 19.50 31.50 20.33 26.00 25.33 26.50 21.00 27.85 27.85 28.50 20.67 19.85 23.33 24.17 26.70 26.85 29.00 Wind Velocity. M. P. H. U. S. Weather Bureau Leakage Without W. S. Based on A. S. H. & V. E. Test Leakage on Date of Test Including Frame and Pulley Leak Per centage of Possible Leakage Kept Out 25 24 8 12 15 21 7.5 9 12 15 8 6 18 18 12 78.88 95.04 46.25 68.38 72.30 66.79 28.23 44.36 66.10 63.70 35.28 23.30 83.15 87.00 53.30 . - .53 5.05 1.79 4.22 7.00 2.51 1.67 7.31 10.65 4.00 4.19 2.50 4.98 4.42 5.01 99.3 93.70 95.91 93.86 90.32 96.20 93.38 83.52 83.90 93.70 88.41 89.30 94.00 94.92 90.60 12.5 to 14. 20 12 7.5 8 22 12 28 24 19 14.5 16 13 16.5 18 21 15 ' 47.60 47.23 46.29 . 109.70 44.40 29.25 38.10 90.15 42.13 132.76 112.15 92.65 49.82 53.17 50.73 66 20 83.75 96.46 74.26 3.34 5.00 3.66 6.30 1.18 4.26 3.00 '9.93 f .95 17.53 15.47 5.00 5.35 3.76 6.96 5.65 6.41 3.23 2.55 92.40 89.44 92.10 94.16 97.34 85.00 92.13 87.60 95.28 86.80 86.21 94.60 89.26 92.93 86.28 91.48 92.30 96.80 96.60 CHAMBERLIN SERVICE ALSO ELIMINATES ELSEWHERE LEAKAGES In-leakage of air between the sash and frame is prevented by the use of Chamberlin Metal Weather Strips. Chamberlin Calking prevents in-leakage through cracks in and around window and door frames. A still further source of in-leakage are the pulley holes. A new service of Chamberlin is available to prevent pulley hole leakage. When called upon to solve the problem of heating the architect and engineer should not fail to consider this complete service in conditioning windows and doors--Chamberlin weather strips, calking, calking of frames, pulley guards and also the glazing of sash in conjunction with the weather stripping and calking of old buildings. NEW DETAIL BOOK AVAILABLE A complete book of full size details with specifications of every application of Cham berlin equipment-is available on request. Adaptable to A. I. A. filing system.. Pro nounced superior to any other catalogue of its. kind. 415 Metal Weatherstrips The Higgin Manufacturing Co. NEWPORT, KY. Manufacturers of Metal Weather Stripping for Windows and Doors Representatives In Principal Cities The Higgin All-Metal Weather Strip Equipment effectually reduces to a minimum infiltration losses around windows and doors. Double Hung Windows: The Higgin TwoMember Track and Insert Equipment for double hung windows consists of a rib track, zinc or copper, fitted to the window frame. The rib or raised portion is % in. high and extends into a groove cut into the edge of sash. The Insert, usually made of bronze, very thin gage is of spring temper and is fitted and concealed into the groove in the edge of sash. It is so formed that the spring sides or flanges contact with the tongue or rib of the track. These two contacting metals seal the aperture around the edge of the sash. The insert resting on the slightly raised portion at base of rib on track insures easy sliding. Sash Shrinkage: Air leakage can occur in around the tongue of a track strip working loosely, in a groove in wood sash. The efficiency of the Higgin Two-member Track and Insert is not affected by shrinkage of the sash. If sash should draw away from frame, the Insert will snugly contact with the rib at any point of its projection. Air leakage through the pulley holes, is prevented by the Insert, dividing as it does into a separate chamber the cut out space for sash cord. Installation: Lower Sash--The rib track extends to top edge of meeting rail projecting slightly into the parting strip and also lapping under inside stop. Upper Sash--The rib track extends about one 416 The Higgin Manufacturing Co. Metal Weatherstrips inch below meeting rail, projecting slightly into the outside stop bead. Slot is cut into track to clear pulleys. Head and Sill--Track extends full width of opening. Insert concealed in sash groove, at sides, bottom and head, full length. The meeting rail is equipped with a flat zinc or copper strip attached to top rail of lower sash which interlocks with a hook strip attached to the bottom rail of the upper sash. ' Casement Windows: The top and lock sides are equipped with a flat zinc or copper strip attached to sash which interlocks with a hook strip of same metal, secured into the rabbet. The hinged side, a rib track is applied, the raised tongue extending into a groove in the sash. The bottom of out-opening sash are usually equipped the same as for top and lock sides. In-opening sash are equipped with an interlocking trough of either brass or zinc. This equipment has proven very efficient in stopping air and water leakage. Doors: In the rabbet at sides and head are attached a compression spring bronze strip which contacts with door as it closes. For the bottom an extruded brass threshold with an interlocking brass hook and spring bronze contact strip makes a thoroughly air and water-tight equipment and provides a handsome and permanent threshold. Catalogue upon request. We will contract to install Higgin All-Metal Weatherstrips in new or old buildings. Estimates gladly furnished. Manufacturers of Higgin All-Metal Weather Strips and Higgin All-Metal Screens 417 Metal Weather Strips Monarch Metal Products Company 5010 Penrose Street St. Louis, Mo. WEATHERSTRIP EFFICIENCY Weatherstrips can only reduce the leakage through cracks between sash and frame of window. The elsewhere leakage and the leakage of air between the frame and the wall in which the frame-is set, cannot be decreased by the application of weatherstrips. The frame leakage can be stopped only by caulking and the elsewhere leakage by stopping or closing up the pulley holes. To compare the actual or net leakage through the weatherstrips tested, refer to Table 14, Page 22 in this issue of the Guide, which gives the leakage through the window cracks plus the elsewhere leakage; and deduct from the values given under "Average Results" and "Best Results," the values for "Elsewhere Leakage" given in the following table. ... The difference between these two values will give the net leakage through weather strips and will plainly show the superiority of the Monarch interlocking, tubular, self-adjusting, metal to metal strip over the other strips tested. Net Leakage Through Window Cracks. /VU- Peakoge Valuer m Co. Pt~. per- Hour per FboT of Crqck. Wind Vel oMclitey.s Piner Else WHERE. Leakage RBeessutlts' Hour. Average Results- CRaWlecosurulslatttse.d 5 7.5 2.28 5.8 0.8 8 1 -3 1.46 2.62. 1.84 3.8 ^ IO =1.15 3-85 5.5 5 7.1 6 15 1 7.0 a.s 1 1.6 4-6 20 24.8 1 3.7 1 8.7 23.7 30 44-5 2 1 .O 30.0 38.0 40 65.5 3 2.7 44.5 56.3 50 8 5.0 4 8.0 O 73.0 * Lcal39e CompuTfrom TseT Doto Published mTpble. & RagC l| of 1^24-25 A-S.H.and V.E.Suide <*nd in AS.Hxmd V. . Jour'ri** l-of dan. 14 4. Engineers should use average values cautiously as it will be found extremely difficult to build pressures up in rooms, where there are fireplaces or large cracks around inside doors, under normal conditions. , Closing the pulley holes is not desirable as it is difficult to replace sash cords and frequently interferes with the* satisfactory operation of the sash. ' 418 Monarch Metal Products Company Metal Weather Strips SIDE PIVOTED STEEL FACTORY WINDOWS The leakage through a six-light ventilator 3 lights wide, 2 lights high of 14x20 in. glass, at a 15-mile per hour wind velocity, is 4443 cu. ft. of air per hour without weatherstrips. When Monarch Metal Weatherstrip is applied the leakage through the same ventilator is only 826 cu. ft. of air per hour at the same wind velocity. In brief, the amount of radiation required for heating inleaking air is reduced 81.5 per cent. The cut below shows a typical installation of Monarch No. 300 weatherstrip. Write for booklet describing tests and application of weatherstrip to Side Pivoted Steel Factory Sash, or for any of the following literature: .. . ` Home Comfort (An illustrated booklet for home owners) Comparative Analysis of Air Leakage Through Wood and Steel Windows Leakage Through Side Pivoted Steel Factory Windows Engineers Data Book Architects Manual . Fallacy of the Air Change , 419 Motors Reliance Electric & Engineering Co. Ivanhoe Road CLEVELAND, O. BRANCHES--Boston. New York. Philadelphia. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Chicago, Birmingham. Ala. Sales to building industry in New York City are handled by Building Equipment ana Machinery Co., 39 Cortland Street. ELECTRIC MOTORS, Direct and Alternating Current Typt A A Reliance Squirrel Cage Induction Motor . $ //. P. 190-640 R- P. M. Type T. Reliance Motor Driving Ventilating Fan in Cleveland Auditorium Type AA Reliance Motors Driving Ventilating Fans * JO H. P. 1160 R. P. M. Type T Reliance Motor on Air IVasker Pump, Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland; 34 Reliance Motors are used in this Building SO H. P. 1800 R. P. M. Type A A Reliance Motors Driving Pumps, Fenway Hall, Cleveland Complete data on all types of Reliance Motors will be given gladly. . Write to our nearest branch. 420 Motors and Controllers The Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company EAST PITTSBURGH, PA. Abilene, Kan>. Albany, N. Y. Atlanta, Ga. Bakersfield. Cal. Baltimore, Md. Birmingham. Ala. Bluefield. W. Va. Boston, Mass. Bridgeport, Conn. Buffalo. N. Y. Burlington, la. Butte. Mom. Canton. O. Casper, Wyo. Cedar Rapids. la. Charleston. W. Va. Charlotte. N. C. Chattanooga, Tenn. Chicago, III. Cincinnati. O. Cleveland, O. Columbus. O. Dallas. Tex. Davenport. la. Dayton, O. Denver, Colo. Des Moines, la. WESTINGHOUSE SALES OFFICES Detroit, Mich. Duluth, Minn. El Paso, Tex. Elmira. N. Y. Erie. Pa. Fort Wayne, Ind. Fresno. Cal. * Grand Rapids. Mich. Hammond, Ind. Hartford, Conn. Houston. Tex. Huntington, W. Va. Indianapolis. Ind. Ishpeming, Mich. Jackson. Mich. Jacksonville. Fla. Kansas City, Mo. Knoxville, Tenn. Little Rock. Ark. Louisville. Ky. Los Angeles, Cal. Madison, Wis. Memphis. Tenn. Miami, Fla. Middlesboro. Ky. Milwaukee, VVis. Minneapolis, Minn. Newark. N. J. New Haven. Conn. New Orleans, La. New York. N. Y. Niagara Falls. N. Y. Norfolk, Va. Oklahoma City. Okla. Omaha, Neb. Peoria, 111. Philadelphia. Pa. Padenix, Ariz. Pine Bluff. Ark. Pittsburgh. Pa. Portland. Me. Portland. Ore. Poughkeepsie. N. Y. Providence, R. I. Raleigh, N. C. Richmond. Va. Rochester, N. Y. Rockford, 111. ` Saco, Me. St. Louis, Mo. Salt Lake City. Utah San Antonio. Tex. San Diego. Cal. San Francisco. Cal. Seattle. Wash. Shreveport. La. South Bend, Ind. Spokane, Wash. Springfield, III. Springfield. Mass. Syracuse. N. Y. Tacoma, Wash. Tampa. Fla. Terre Haute, Ind. Toledo, O. Tulsa. Okla. Utica, N. Y. Washington. D. C. Watertown,'N. Y. Wilkesbarre, Pa. Worcester, Mass. Youngstown. O. Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd.. Honolulu. T. H. --Agent Hunt-Mirk V. Com pany, Marine Repre sentatives. San Fran cisco. Cal. MOTORS AND CONTROL FOR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS TYPE CS. Squirrel-Cage Motor Type SK. Direct-Current Motor Motors--Westinghouse motors and control can be supplied for practically all demands within the heating and ventilating engineer's field of activity. Noiseless operation, close speed regu lation, and dependability in service are their recognized characteristics. Motor Control--Westinghouse Elec tric manufactures manual and auto matic starters and speed regulators to control motors in all applications. By specifying Westinghouse starters and regulators to operate Westinghouse motors, the responsibility for the suc cessful operation of the installation is placed upon one manufacturer. 421 . Pumps Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Buffalo, N. Y. BRANCH OFFICES New York, N. Y., 39-41 Cortland St. Philadelphia. Pa., 1301 Land Title Bldg. Boston, Mass., 177 State St. Cleveland, O. 368 Rockefeller Bldg. Pittsburgh, Pa., 917 Union Trust Bldg. Detroit, Mich.. Coon-DeVisser Co. Chicago, III., 562 W. Washington Blvd. Washington, D. C, Washington Loan A Trust Bldg. Atlanta, Ga.. Candler Bldg. Indianapolis, Ind., 1016 Fletcher Trust Bldg. St. Louis, Mo.. 515 Chemical Bldg. . Cincinnati. O. 607 Mercantile Library Bldg. Minneapolis, Minn., 120 South Ninth Bldg. Los Angeles, Calif., 636 H. W. Heilman Bldg. Charlotte. N. C., J. W. Fraser & Co. New Orleans, La., Woodward Wight & Co. San Francisco, Calif., 216 Pine St. Seattle, Wash.. 905 Olympic Way Canadian Blower and Forge Co., Kitchener, Ont. Products Centrifugal Pumps For All Purposes--Single and Double Suction, Single and Multistage, Horizontal and Vertical. Steam Pumps--Duplex and Simplex, Inside Packed and Outside Packed. Vacuum Pumps and Condensers. Class S Double Suction Centrifugal Pump Horizontally divided casing. Exten sively used with air washers, and for circulating systems and booster service. Centrifugal Condensation Return Pump and Receiver Also built vertical with receiver pit. Especially adapted for low pressure boilers. Automatic in operation. Duplex Steam Pump and Receiver Automatic Sump Pump Entirely automatic. Can be furnished . Self contained. Ball bearing thrust with for high or low boiler pressure. automatic oil lubrication. Complete Catalogs Will Be Furnished Upon Request 422 Pumps Chicago Pump Company 2303 Wolfram Street Office and Works -- CHICAGO, ILL. Representatives in Principal Cities Quality Centrifugal Pumps Condensation - Vacuum - Sump - Sewage House. - Circulating - Fire Return Line Vacuum Pumps . Where condensation, return line, boiler-feed or other pumps are required for the mechanical system .of a building, the Chicago line has a unit for the service required. Return.line vacuum pump and receiver with separate motors and individual automatic control of air and water pumps for maintaining the vacuum on the return line of a heating system or returning condensation directly to the boilers are furnished for high and low pressure work and range in capacity from 1.000 to 65,000 sq. ft. direct radiation. Capacities, Horsepower and Floor Space Unit No; V. I V. 2 V. 3 V. 4 V. 5 So. Ft. Radiation 8.000 16.000 ` 26,000 40.000 65,000 ' Approximate Horsepower Floor Space Motor Required Inches | 55x32 V/i 60x34 2 62x35 3 65x37 5 68x40 Horizontal and Vertical Condensation Pumps Condensation pumps and receivers are made in both horizontal and vertical styles. They are simple in construction, quiet in operation and are self-contained units, vertical pumps being specially designed for service where return line comes below floor. - Horizontal Condensation Pump Capacities, Horsepower and' Floor Space Unit No. H. 650 H. 651 H. 652 H. 653 H. 654 H. 655 H. 656 H. 657 Maxtmum Sq. Ft. Direct Radia tion 3.000 . 6,000 10,000 15.000 20,000 25,000 35.000 50.000 Horse power Motor Va Vi Vi Va Va 1 1 Wi Highest Approximate Water Level Floor Space in Receiver Required from Floor Inches Line Inches 43x28' 43x30 55x30 57x32 59x32 59x32 61x34 65x36 26 26 30 30 30 35 39 41 VERTICAL CONDENSATION PUMP AND RECEIVER AT 1720 R. P. M. Table of Capacities and Horsepower Unit includes Pump, Motor, Complete Automatic Control and Steel Receiver made of % in. Armco Maximum Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation Lbs. Press. Pump willDisch. Againstll Size of Inlet. In.|| .Capacity Pump in Cals, per M in. [j Gals, per Min.. Radiation will Condense Dia. Receiver, In.'.I also Floor Space )| Type and Frame Number of Pump Furnished lApprox. Ship. Wt.JI {with 3 ft. deep rec.j| "8 .Ga X 6 Z 'e D 1650 1651 1652 1653 3.00C " " Q `o S Sjj XS ian-- 10 17 22 Va 1 1'/? 3 " " 26 l'/2 " 1654 6.00C 10 a1655 17 1656 22 V2 Va IV? 3 " " 1657 * 26 i'/j " a1658 10.000 10 'Vi l'/7 3 1659 1660 1/ Va 77 \ 1661 " 26 i'/ 1662 1663 15.000 * 14 V 18 1 '/? 3 1664 " 26 l/2 1665 25,000 12 1666 16 1667 " 25 1668 40.000 10 1669 14 1670 21 1671 " 23 V, 1 I'/z Va 1 l'/7 2 " 3 5 " " " 10 " " " 15 " " 21 35 55 l'/a 24 C-Ll 610 C-LL1 625 B* 660 "* *m a3 24 CLI 610 C-LL! 625 " * 660 700 24 C-Ll 610 C-LLt 625 " 660 " " 700 24 C-LLI 625 660 700 12>/2 30 C-LLI 750 770 790 20 30 C-LLI 750 770 790 800 ENGINEERING SERVICE The cooperation and advice of skilled engineers will be gladly given to Engi neers. Architects, and Contractors in the solution of their ' pump problems. Complete data are available in bulle tins on all types of pumps. Return Line Focuum Pump Horizontal Condensation Pump ' 423 Vertical Condensation Pump Pumps Economy Pumping Machinery Co. 98-124 N. Curtis St., CHICAGO Works, JOLIET, ILL. New York City. N. Y.. 39 Cortland St. Grand Rapids, Mich., Shepard Bldg. W. Montreal, Quebec. Can.,'246 Craig St. Kansas City, Mo.. 207 Davidson Bldg. Wichita. Kans., 421 Sedgwick Bldg. Salt Lake City, Utah. Dooly Bldg. Indianapolis, Ind., Board of Trade Bldg. Philadelphia. Pa.. 604 Arch St. Chattanooga, Tenn.. 823 Chestnut St. New Orleans, La.. 415 Gravier St. Detroit, Mich., 517 E. Darned St. . Baltimore. Md,, 15 E. Fayette St. . Sales Offices Des Moines, Iowa, 512 Hubbell Bldg. San Francisco. Cal.. Mondanock Bldg. Amsterdam. N. Y., 447 Guy Park Ave. Toledo. Ohio. 2940 Broadway Cincinnati, Ohio. 309 Main St. ' Pittsburgh, Pa., Fulton Bldg. Oklahoma City. Okla.. Empress Theatre Bldg. Milwaukee. Wis.. 616 Caswell Block Seattle. Wash., 309 Crown Bldg. Portland. Ore., Worcester Bldg. South Bend, Ind., 312 Lincoln Way St. Paul. Minn., 503 Hamm Bldg. Economy Centrifugal Return Line Economy Pumps and Receivers Vacuum Pump and Boiler Feeder Made in variety of forms to meet every requirement. Type gg34 Type C. S. S. Economy vacuum pumps remove air and condensation from the heating system automatically discharging the water to boiler. Their flexibility imposes no limita tions on capacity or pressure. Reasonable delivery is made on pumps designed to discharge against 100 lb. boiler pressure. Units rated over 5000 sq. ft. capacity have bronze fitted horizontal split case, double suction pumps with perfectly balanced rotors. All standard units' are supplied with bronze suction strainer scale pocket and automatic control all firmly mounted on cast iron base. Wiring is in conduit to conform with Underwriter's rules. Each pump tested and ready for operation when delivered. Economy Centrifugal Vacuum Pump Unit No. Capacity in Sq. Ft. Direct C. I. Radiation Motor Horae Power Cubic Feet Air per Min. Size Dis charge to Boiler Size Re turn Inlet Ship ping Weight CV-1 CV-2 CV-3 CV-4 CV-5 CV-6 CV-7 CV-6 CV-9 CV-10 2.500 5,000 8,000 16,000 20,000 27,500 40.000 65,000 100,000 150.000 J/4 1 IV? 2 3 5 5 T/z 10 15 1 Va 4 6 10 15 19 24 40 60 90 Vi* 11* l'/1% Wz IV? 2 2V? 2Vi Wi 1 avi 3 3 i'/z 4 5 6 6 650 750 900 1,025 1.150' uoo 1.550 1,600 3,100 Duplex units consisting of single tank, two pumps, motors and control apparatus will approximate 75 per cent addition to the weights above listed. C. S. S. type pump) and receivers are made for standard low boiler pressure work up to 25 lbs. The pump is bronze fitted single side suction type with oil-less sleeve bearing at pump and ring oiling bearing. Also has ball thrust bearing and flexible coupling. Crank action, float mechanism operated by copper float insures positive operation for enclosed switch. Mounted on heavy cast iron base the units are fully assembled, ready for operation. We have a proper size, pump for every job. Cracked boiler sections . eliminated when Economy Pumps are used. Receivers and pump capacities proportioned to prevent excessive low water conditions of boiler. No. of Unit Capacity in Sq. Ft. Direct C. I. Radia tion Discharge . Pressure, Lbs. per Sq. In. Motor H. P. Pump Capacity C. P. M. Receiver Capacity Gallons Cals. Conden sate per M in. at 0.25 Lbs.-- Sq. F t. Hr. 6 6V? 7 7A 7B MA 7VS 7V5B 8A 8 8B 8'/;A 8t$>AB 9A 9 9B 9'/,A Wj VlB 10 I0A I0B 2.000 3.500 5.000 5,000v 5,000 7.500 7.500 7.500 10.000' 10.000 10,000 15.000 15,000 15,000 25.000 25.000 25.000 35.000. 35.000 35.000 50.000 50,000 50.000 10 to 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 25 to 15 25 10 15 25 to 15 25 15 25 35 m H 12 y.'A 15 15 1 15 y2 20 % 20 i 20 Vz 25 1 25 Wz 25 y. 37 1 37 2 37 1 60 2 60 3 60 w% 80 2 80 3 80 2 no 5 NO 5 no 13 16 20 20 20 26 26 26 33 33 33 41 41 41 49 49 49 70 70 70 82 82 82 1' IV 2Vz 2Vz Wz y/t VA yu 5 5 5 m VA m I1Z2V<Az 12Vz U'h 17/2 l7'/2 25 25 25 424 Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Pumps Economy Pumps and Receivers C. S. M. Type Economy Underground Pump and Receiver C. U. Type C. S. M. The demand for an unusually high-grade pump and receiver has caused us to make available a complete line of sizes from 5,000 to 50,000 sq. ft. capacity, inclusive. These units include horizontal split double suction bronze fitted pumps with double ring oiling bearings; a heavy receiver, our special float mechanism, switch and a self-starter for the motor. These units are designed to discharge against boiler pres sures up to 55 lbs. They are made both single and duplex pump units. - Type C. U. Intended for work where radiation is placed on the floor with returns under ground. They consist of a special pump and float switch mechanism which pre vents binding and sticking of float rods. Made in sizes of 2,000 to 50,000 sq. ft. radiation capacity for either 10 or 20 lbs. boiler pressure. Receiver is cast iron, stuffing, box around pump shaft, thrust carried on ball bearing in cage above stuffing box. The lower bearing is of oil-less sleeve type. Economy Reciprocating Pump C. R. Type Pump and receiver for work up [to 125 lbs. boiler pressure. Economy S. S. T. Type Made in both single and duplex form. Type C. 5. T. s These units are the same as C. S. M. except the pumps are multi-stage vertical split bronze fitted, double outboard ring oil bearings.made in sufficient number of stages to discharge against boiler pressures from 25 to 150 lbs. . Type C. R. Pump and Receiver These units are frequently used in old remodelled jobs, comprising several types of heating systems. They will handle the condensate from all and sometimes are used to establish a vacuum in parts of the apparatus. This feature is not automatic or capable of close adjustment. Silent chain'drive is used. Pump is fully bronze fitted and made for capacities ranging from 1,250 to 25,000 sq. ft. radiation. 425 Pumps The Goulds - Branches Atlanta New York Boston Philadelphia Manufacturing PUMP MAKERS SINCE 1848 Main Ofpice and Works SENECA FALLS New York Company Branches Chicago Pittsburgh Houston Goulds Pumps have been made for every service for more than three-quarters of a century and have an established reputation for reliable service, economy in operation, and conservative rating. Bulletins on power pumps give complete specifications of the standard types as follows: No. 100. Double-Acting, Single Cylinder Piston Pumps. No. 101. Single-Acting Triplex Plunger Pumps, Outside-Guided Type. No. 103. Single-Acting Triplex Plunger. Pumps, Large Capacity and High COBIDS CENTRIFUGAL csxnurvcAL war Pressure Types. No. 104. Double-Acting Triplex Piston Pumps, Vertical Type. . No. 105. Single Stage, Single Side Suction Centrifugal Pumps. No. 106. Vacuum and Stuff Pumps. ~ No. 107. Deep Well Triplex Pumps. No. 108. Deep Well Working Heads and Cylinders - No. 110. Single Stage, Double Suo- tionCentrifu- gal Pumps. No. 111. Centrifugal Sump Pumps No. 112. Handy Data on Power Pumping. No. 113. Power Rotary Pumps. No. 115. Double-Acting D u p 1 e x Goulds Double Suetion and Triplex Plunger Centrifugal Pump Pumps, Horizontal Type No. 116. Single-Acting- Triplex Pressure Pumps. No. 118. Centrifugal Fire Pumps. No. 119. Single Stage, Single Suction Centrifugal Pumps, Enclosed Impeller . Type. r No. 120. Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pumps for General Service. No. 122. Centrifugal Pump Data. ' . No. 124. Installation--Operation--Inspection, Goulds Centrifugal Pumps. D, . n No. 125. Single Stage, Double Suction Centrifugal Pumps. ` rump Data PUMPS Several units of interest to heating engineers and architects are shown here accompanied by data on capacity, speed, efficiency which will assist them in choosing the right Gould's pump for the service desired. . Goulds Double Suction Centrifugal Pumps are the result of over 12 years of research and progressive development and are of exceptionally high efficiences. . CASING.--Close grained iron, divided horizontally, the two castings bolted together. The lower half of the bearing housings are cast integral with the lower half of casing. Casing is provided with air cocks, and with openings for priming and draining. IMPELLER: Cast iron, accurately machined :nd balanced. ' _ .... BEARINGS: Ihng oiling type with split cast iron shells lined with babbit, supported in horizontally divided housings, securely locked against rotation or lateral motion. Shells are removable without disturbing rotating element. . THRUST BEARINGS: AH ' . pumps are provided with a self-idign- t~r- r?s*.,t/4o Pnmns mg double-acting ball thrust bearing, running in an oil bath, which takes care of any unbalanced thrust due to uneven wear of sealing surfaces. ' SHAFT: Special alloy steel, heat treated, accurately machined to Figure No.. Pump No. Pipe Sizes Approx. Capacity Gals, per Min. Standard Pulleys Discharge Suction Mini Maxi Diameter Face In. mum mum In. In. t Approx Domestic Weight Lb. gauge. STUFFING BOX: Of extra long design with brass water seal ring and water seal piping. GLANDS: The glands are split horizontally, permitting the gland to . be removed and affording maximum space for repacking. They are ad justed by swing bolts. CASING WEARING RINGS: Casing is equipped with bronze wear ing rings, which can be renewed as re quired, thus keeping the clearances to a minimum. IMPELLER WEARING RINGS: 3065 3075 3085 3095 (/ 56 18 5 6 ,8 3 4 5 6 8 2 3 4 5 6 -400 800 8 8 1020 6 8 600 1300 10 10 1325 8 . 10 1000 2700 12 12 2100 5 6 400 900 8 8 1275 6 8 600 1500 10 10 1605 8 10 1100 2900 12 12 2525 3 4 150 350 6 6 950 4 5 250 750 10 10 1270 5 6 400 1000 10 10 1520 6 8 800 1700 12 12 2400 8 10 1300 3000 12 15 3425 2 3 50 250 6 6 1020 3 4 200 450 8 8 1120 4` 5 400 600 10 10 1585 Wearing rings on bronze impellers fWeight includes other bedplate and coupling for direct connected drive or bedplate, can be furnished as an extra. pulley, pulley shaft, coupling and two pedestal hearings for belt drive. 426 a The Goulds Manufacturing Co. Pumps FLEXIBLE COUPLING: A flexible coupling of the pin-and-buffer type is provided to connect the pump to prime mover or belt pulley shaft. - BED PLATE: Pump and prime mover are mounted on a rugged cast iron bedplate of neat design, with a drip canal around the four sides. - . Goulds "Pyramid" Double-Acting Piston Pump (Fig. 1678) is especially adapted for handling Condensation of Steam Heating Systems and for General Water Supply, Mine Service and Hot Water Pumping. Built in a single iron casting embodying the base, cylinder, bearings and one cylinder head, with the cylinder fitted with a renewable cast bronze lining and the piston fibrous packed, this pump is of strong and rigid construction. Goulds Pyramid Piston Pump Dimensions, Speeds. Displacements, Goulds "Pyramid" . Pump Ratings Based on Pumping Cold Water. Weight Lb. 1 Horse Power at Catalog Rating Horse Power for Vacuum Service i______ fNo.Sa. Ft. Heat1ing Radiation - Suction In. Discharge In. Stroke | Displ. per Rev. of Crank Shaft, Gal. 1Pulleys Tight and Loose [ In. Pistons 6 Q Usual Speed and Dis placement per Min. Rev. Gal. Size Pipe 1 o I 2>/4 4 130 39 5 .50 .50 700 l'/4 1% 5 to 1 170 2Vt 5 .245 41 10 (.00 .50 1450 Wi Wi 5 to 1 15x21/, 295 3V, 5 .465 39 18 1.50 1.00 2600 2 2 5 to 1 15x3 340 4V 5 .741 38 78 3.00 1.00 4000 2Vr 2'h 5 to 1 16x4 525 5Vs 6 1.316 38 50 5.00 1.50 7000 3 - 3 5 to 1 20x4 680 fFigures based on the condensation of one-third of a pound'of steam per square foot of radiating surface per hour, which is a good average condition. Goulds Double-Acting Piston Vacuum Pump (Fig. 1049) has a displacement of 10,200 gal. to 81,000 gal. per hr. The waterways are so con structed that the valves at both ends of the cylinder are always submerged. The frame is of . cast iron in one piece bolted to the cylinder, supporting the bearings and crosshead guides. These pumps are designed for Suction Box on Paper Machines, Vacuum Pans, Surface Condensers, and Vacuum System of Steam Heating. Gallons Displace ment - per Min. Goulds Vacuum Pump--Dimensions and Displacements Pistons Diam. Stroke In. In. Displace ment 1 Rev. of Crank Shaft Vacuum Steam ' Heating Systems H. P. *Sq. Ft. of Required Radiation R. P. M. Sizes of Pipes Suction In. Dis charge In. Geared 170 8 10 4.28 gal. 3 24500 40 55 265 10 10 6.73 " 5 38000 40 55 385 12 10 9.72 ** 5 55000 40 55 525 14 10 13.22 ** m 75500 40 66 700 14 14 18.51 " 10 100000 38 66 1000 16 16 27.62 " 10 144000 37 88 1350 18 18 39.31 " 15 194500 35 10 10 *Figures based on the condensation of one-third of a pound of steam per square foot ' of radiating surface per hour, which is a good average condition. 4 to 1 4 to 1 - 4 to 1 4 to 1 4 to 1 4 to 1 4 to 1 The Goulds Sump Pump (Fig. 3029) is a standardized outfit built in one size. Ratings for this size are given below. When the sump . is full the float rises and actuates the switch which in turn starts the motor. When sump is drained, the float falls and the motor is stopped. Electric current is used only when pump is running and the pump is always submerged ready to start work instantly. .. > Ratings--Fig. 3029 Sump Pump with 34 H.P.--1725 R.P.M. Motor_______ with H.P.--1450 R.P.M. Motor Gals, per Min.. 10 15 20 25 30 35 12 15 20 25 30 Head in Ft------ 24 22 20 18 16 13 15 14 13 II 8 427 Single Pulley 30x4 30x5 30x5 30x5 36x6 36x6 42x8 Pumps The Nash Engineering Company South Norwalk, Conn., U. S. A. ATLANTA--132S Atlanta Trust Co. Bldg. MONTREAL--84-98 St. Antoine Street BOSTON--Nottingham Bldg.. Copley Square NEW ORLEANS--521 Baronne Street . BUFFALO--840 EUicott Square NEW YORK--350 Madison Ave. CHICAGO--425-28 Monadnock Block PHILADELPHIA--254 South 15th Street CLEVELAND--1629 Union Trust Co. Bldg. PORTLAND--224 Pine Street DALLAS--1020 Mercantile Bank Bldg. SALES PITTSBURGH--Oliver Bldg. DENVER--1226-28 California Street RICHMOND--American Natl. Bank Bldg. DETROIT--Kerr Building OFFICES SALT LAKE CITY--204 Dooly Bldg. . HOUSTON--Southern Pacific Bldg. . SAN FRANCISCO--Sharon Bldg. INDIANAPOLIS--821 Hume-Mansur Bldg. SEATTLE--220 Railway Exchange KANSAS CITY--208 Mutual Bldg. ST. LOUIS--4200 Forest Park Blvd. . LOS ANGELES--1824 S. Hope Street TORONTO--1123 Bay Street MINNEAPOLIS--800-6 La Salle Ave. VANCOUVER--315 Credit Foncier Bldg. WASHINGTON--710 14th Street. N. W. . Pumps Skidmore Corporation 1535 Dayton Street General Offices and Factory * CHICAGO, U. S. A. Motor-Driven Return Line Vacuum Pump Jennings Hytor Vacuum Pump for Return Line Heating Systems This pump removes air and water from the heating system, discharges the air to the atmosphere without back pressure, and automatically returns the water under pressure to the boiler or hot-well. Air and water are handled independently, resulting in a 50% saving in horsepower required for pump operation. Occupies one-third the space of other apparatus of equivalent capacity. Interior parts bronze. Moving parts revolve without metal-to-'inetal contact and are supported on radial ball bearings mounted outside casing. Furnished direct connected to standard electric motors, for belt drive, or for steam turbine drive. Motor-Driven Condensation Pump Jennings Hytor Condensation Pump and Receiver, Unit Type No piping between the pump and receiving tank is necessary. The only connections are main return, water discharge, and air vent. Companion flanges are furnished. The pump has an integral cast bronze impeller mounted on motor shaft sup ported by large motor bearings. Literature, Recommendations and Proposals on Request Motor-Driven Return Line Vacuum Pump, Size M Bulletin 37--Return Line Vacuum Heating Pump. Bulletin 25--Return Line Vacuum Heating Pump Size M. Bulletin 18--Return Line Vacuum Heating Pump, Turbine Driven. ' Bulletin 29--Condensation Pump. Bulletin' 17--Air-Line Vacuum Heating Pump. Bulletin 10--Air and Gas Compressors. Bulletin 11--Air and Gas Vacuum Pumps. STANDARD SIZES AND CAPACITIES. JENNINGS HYTOR VACUUM PUMPS Size Square Feet direct equivalent radiation surface Air Capacity cubic feet per min. Water Capacity gals, per min. 10 lbs. pres. 160 F. Actual Horse Power R. P. M. Horse Power of Motor M 5,000 8,000 B 16,000 c 26,000 D 40.000 E 65,000 F 100.000 G 150,000 H 300,000 3 5 II 15 19 34 60 80 150 8 11 22 35 60 90 140 . 200 400 .6 .9 1.4 2.0 2.8 3.9 7. 9.8 19. 1700 1800 1800 1800 1200 1200 1200 900 720 >/. l`/l 5 7'/z 428 . The New Type "B" . '' SKIDMORE HYDRO TURBINE VACUUM AND BOILER FEED PUMP Where a self-contained unit reliable and quiet in operation is desired the Skidmore will be found. Positive removal of air and water from the heating system and the return of water to the boiler. . A unit of pleasing design of large capacity and maintained efficiency, occupying less than half the floor space of pumps for similar service, self-contained, all on one base with return connections close to floor with strainer arranged so that connections can be made to one or both sides as desired. Furnished with direct connected motors for 10 and 20 lb. pressure, or up to 60 lb. if desired. For continuous service or with automatic vacuum control or automatic float control or both. . A strictly high grade product, bronze rotors and bronze fitted throughout, shaft carried on oversize ball bearings, no close clearances or rubbing parts. CAPACITIES FOR 10-in. Vacuum--10 and 20 lb. Pressure Size Capacity Gal. of of Sq. Ft. of Water Pump Radiation per min. Motor H. P. 10 lb. Motor H. P. 20 lb. Size of Companion. Size of Flanges Discharge for Returns to Boiler Approx. Floor Space Shipping Weight lb. 0 5.000 8 X 1 1 8.000 II i .. Wi 2 16.000 22 l'/z -2 3 26,000 35 2 , 3 4 40,000 60 3 5 5 60,000 90 5 6 100.000 150 10 m 15 iw" i" 2/2' 2/z" V 4" v w i v*' 114" 2I'/z. " 2/2" I8'x34" 18"x46' I8"x48" I8'x52" 20"x54*' 20^x60" 500 600 700 775 800 1200. 1400 R. P. M. 1800 for ail sizes. .. Above weights are for continuous service, add 100 lb. for automatic control. 429 Pumps PUMP DIVISION (See also Vapor-Vacuum Division The Trane Company La Crosse; . BRANCH OFFICES New York. Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia. Buffalo, Cleveland. Detroit, Seattle, Los Angeles. Albany. Minneapolis, Salt Lake City, Ft. Wayne, Portland, Oregon. Greensboro, N. C., Zanesville, Ohio, Atlanta, Ga.; England: 22-23 Uerkenwell Close, London, E. C. 1. Canada: The Trane.Co.; 23 River St.. Toronto; Thomas Robertson & Co., 134 Cra bt., West, Montreal: F. S. Murdock, 310 Breadalbane,' Winnipeg. Japan: The Uchida Trading Co., Ltd., Tofao--Osaka--Aobe. China: C. J.-Doughty a Co., 7 Jinkee Road, Shanghai. The Trane Systems of Vapor and Vacuum Heating, Patented Heating Specialties Trane Automatic Electric Pumps, For All Purposes -ir 1' : The Trane Company Pumps Fit 1 {Center) Cult Iron Toni Stile Condonation Primp Ftp. 1. (Biohll Steel Tank Style Condenmtion Pump Ftp. 3. (Left) Duplex Type Condensation Pump CONDENSATION PUMPS, SINGLE AND DUPLEX, SIZES, STYLES, AND CAPACITIES For specifications and other information on these units turn to pages 432 and 433 following Condensation Pump Complete Suggested Size of Piping ; Inches . Shipping Weight Pressure at Pump Motor H. P. Maximum Gallons . per Minute M in im um Radiation in Sq. Ft. Pump No. 11 & .8 | 1 t 3- ' "6 X Jls c2.S 8E a Q 9- . 410 4,000 6-8 10 V 1 415 4,000 6-8 15 v? 1 420 4,000 64 70 Vr 1 430 4,000 6-8 30 Vi 1 440 4,000 6-8 40 450 4,000 64 50 V4i 1 1 460 4,000 64 60. >A 610 6,000 9-12 10 V, Wa 615 6,000 9-12 15 Vi IV 620 6,000 9-12 20 V l`/4 630 6,000 9-12 30 Vs Wa . 640 6,000 9-12 40 Vs Wa 650 6,000 9-12 50 1 l'/4 660 6,000 9-12 60 I V/e 325 325 325 325 325 350 350 450 450 450 500 500 500 500 475 475 475 475 475 525 525 600 600 600 700 700 700 700 1510 1515 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 2010 2015 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15.0Q0 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 30-40 525 525 525 550 575 700 V 700 525 575 600 600 650 675 675 750 750 750 800 850 1000 1000 750 850 875 900 950 1000 1000 810 8,000 12-16 10 Vi l'/. 815 8,000 12-16 15 Vs w* 820 8,000 17-16 20 1 Wa 830 8,000 12-16 30 IV? Wa 840 8,000 12-16 40 IV? We 850 8,000 12-16 50 Wl Wa 860 8,000 12-16 60 1Vi Wa 500 500 525 550 550 550 550 700 700 750 800 800 600 800 Write for regular Trane literature giving listing* on all Trane pumps between 2060 and 10,010. of space does not permit placing a complete list here. . - 1010 10,000 15-W to V? "h 1015 10,000 15-20 15 Vs IVr 1020 10,000 15-70 20 1 I'/? 1030 10,000 15-20. 30 IV? t'h 1040 10,000 15-20 40 IV? IV? 1050 10,000 15-20 50 2 1060 10.000 15-20 60 2 \<A 525 525 525 550 550 650 650 750 750 750 800 600 925 925 10010 10015 10020 10030 10040 10050 10060 100,000 150-200 10 100,000 150-200 15 100,000 150-200 20 100,000 150-200 30 100,000 150-200 40 100,000 150-200 50 100,000 150-200 60 3 5 3 /V? 10 15 13 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 725 1050 750 1075 750 1075 775 1125 950 1500 950 1500 950 1500 Fig. a. TRANE VACUUM PUMPS Two-Motor Return Line Style. Fig. 6. Single Unit Return Line. - Fig. 6. Duplex Return Line. Fig. 7. Air Line For Specifications, etc., see page 432 following Two-Motor Return Line Special Capacity Capacity Pressure in Sq. Ft. in G. P. M. at Pump Motor H. P. .Air Water Shipping Shipping Weights Weight gxcial 6000 6000 8000 8000 12000 12000 18000 18000 25000 25000 30000 30000 40000 40000 65000 65000 100000 ! 100000 9 9 12 12 18 18 : 27 27 38 38 45 45 60 60 too too 150 150 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 10 15 1 Va Va Va Va 1 1 1 I'/l : i*. 2 3 '3 Va Va .* ,* 1 2 i* l'/2 2 2 3 3 5 5 m 650 650 700 725 775 800 825 850 875 900 900 925 1150 1250 1350 . 1450 1650 1700 1000 1000 1200 1250 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1600 1650 2000 2100 2300 2400 2800 2900 Standard Return Line Pumps Motor H.P. Va 1 1 !'/2 ! 2 Weight Shipping Weights Standard Duplex 550 875 575 900 695 1025 725 1050 675 1050 725 1075 725 1075 750 1125 2 3 3 5 5 7Vz io7/2 - 775 800 950 1050 1150 1400 4450 1550 1325 1375 1625 1725 1900 2150 2500 2600 TRANE AIR LINE VACUUM PUMPS Note--Motors of IK h. p. and lareer on a. c. Pump No. 8A I6A 30A 40A 65A . 100A Capacity 8000 16000 30000 40000 65000, 100000 H. P. Shipping Wt. 'A 425 450 f2 3 as 1 --=--. - relays and give protection against phase failure. Under voltage release is also provided with automatic control. Water Pump Capacities Based on Water at 180 deg. fahr. _______ .. .Dee general in]ormatton on pages 41S-4SS, following i. 431 .Aji;- TheSFranc Company ,iCyj >.wPumps. booster and circulating pumps --see next page for specifications, etc- Fig. 8, Trane Vertical Split Shell Pump, Capacities available up to 1600 G. P. M. Fig. 9. Trane Horizontal Split Shell Pump, Capacities available between 100 and 6000 G. P. M. Fig. JO- Interior of Trane Horizontal Split Shell Pump. PERFORMANCE TABLE OF TRANE VERTICAL SPLIT SHELL (Fi. 8) CIRCULATING AND BOOSTER PUMPS All tpetdi I7ZS except (Lose marked ia dotel. To coavert feet Lead bUo ponds pretsare divide by 2.3. C.P.M. Feet Head 10 5 Pump No.-- Cl H. P........ V* 10 Pump No.... Cl H.P.............. V* 20 Pump No.... Cl H. P.............. V* 30 Pump No.... C2 H. P............ Vt 50 Pump No.... C2 H. P.............. Vi 75 Pump No.... C3 RP.............. I'A 100 Pump No.... CIS HP.............. 2 125 Pmp No.-- C15 R P.............. 2 150 Pump No. . CIS H. P............ 3 200 Pump No... 05 H. P........... 3 20 30 Cl Cl '/4 V* Cl Cl `/ Vz C2 Cl 'A 'A C2 C3 Vi J/4 C3 C3 1 I'A C3 C3 I'A PA C3 CM 2. .3. 05 CM 23 05 CM 35 05 05 35 40 50 C2 ` C2 A V* Cl C3 V* S/4 C3 C3 V* C3 C3 1 I'A C3 C3 HA 2 C3 C4 23 CM C5 .5 5 CM C5 55 CM CM 5 7Vj 05 1 05 5 1 7*A 60 80 100 125 150 C6 C6 C6 C6 C6 1 1 I'A I'A I'A O C6 C6 C6 C6. 1 1 I'A I'A I'A 1C3 Cl C7 Cl I'A I'A 2. C8 3 1C4 C7 Cl C8 C8 22 33 C5 C5 C9 CIO cu 3 5 5 5 7>A C5 C5 02 02 02 5 '5 m 7Vi iVi C5 C5 05 05 05 5 7V S10 10 ' 15 CM 05 05 06 06 5 71A 10 15 15 CM 05 05 06 7/* Th 10 15 05 05 05 06 10 15 20 175 C6 I'A C6 I'A C8 3 C8 5 CU 7A 02 10 200 C8 5 02 10 225 Cfi 5 02 10 ---------- fo rNbortinee--sPeurvmicpeswmiallrkinedmOosilt,cCasle2satnadkeCt1h5eanreextot lraurngeart' 1{c2oUmO rm. epr.cmia.l tsoizgeivoefmmeoatotxrjvtchan the one_g_iv_e__n__h_ere due to higher specific gravity of the brine. .. `. RECEIVING TANKS, SIZES, STYLES AND CAPACITIES .r ' 400 Series, Case Iron Tank, capacitCy 5ontode6ngsaalt.io6n00Ptoum1.p00s0 Series, inclusive. 20 x 30 .steel receiving. ttaon1k0,,0c0a0paSceirtiyes2,2ingcalul.s1iv,5e0. 020tox47.200s0teSeel rrieesc,eiinvcinlugstivaen.k2, 0caxp4a0cistytee5l2regcaei.iving tank, c apacity 30 gal.' /6;,500 . Return Line Vacuum Pumps ' (Standard and Two-Motor styles; single and duplex) Pumps having capacities up to and including 8.000 eq. ft. equipped with cast iron tank, 14 x 26, capacity 13 gal. Pumps having capacities 12,000 to 18.000 sq. ft., inclusive, cast iron tank 16 x 30. capacity 21 gal. Pumps having capacities 25,000 to 40,000 sq. ft., inclusive, cast iron tank, 16 x40, capacity 28 eal. Pumps having capacities 65,000 to 100,000 sq. ft., inclusive, steel tank, 20 x 72, capacity 52 gal. 432 The Trane Company Pumps SMALL CENTRIFUGALS Used on Condensation, Circulating, Booster, and Vacuum Pumps Guarantee--Every-Trane Pump is guar anteed to deliver its rated capacity against the head or pressure for which it is sold. In addition it is guaranteed against all mechanical defects for a period of one year. AIR UNITS 5. Used on Trane Vacuum Pumps,' Air Line, and Return Line Parts of Standard Trane Single Stage Centrifugal Pump. This construction, used only in the smaller sizes ' . Specifications given here are for small Trane . centrifugals only. Write for special specifics- ' tion on larger pumps used for booster and,, circulating service. -. Parts of Standard Trane Air Unit Pump--Trane single stage low; .pressure^ pumps are of the centrifugal`type* with' vertical split casing and vertical split' impeller, arranged so pump may be easily taken apart for inspection. Volute--(Casings) Close grained cast iron, carefully machined. Made of special materials where liquids other than water are to be handled. Bearings--`Ball bearings, ring, waste packed, and chain oiling types, depending on size and style of pump. They are entirely removed from all contact with liquid , ^ 1 ` A glance at the above engraving shows gearless, valveless simplicity. N6n-re- ciprocating. . .. The discharge plates and block-off ring are made of toughest bronze. The impeller is bronze too, perfectly aligned and hydraulically balanced. It revolves on Ball Thrust Bearings. Impeller is held out of metallic contact with other parts of the pump by a combi nation of radial and thrust ball bearings. And the result is a quiet pump; an efficient pump; and an everlasting pump. being pumped. Turbo-GIyco Babbitt Straight Line Action^ . bearings, enclosed in bronze shell. Thrust Air enters top of each bucket and leaves taken care of by Ball Thrust Bearings. through the bottom once only per revo Impellers--Brass, enclosed type; especi lution. ally designed for the particular service to Greater efficiency. be rendered. Exactly balanced. Vane Greater separation of air inlet and outlet. plate and impeller plate made separately; No priming or recirculation. easy to clean where dirty or gritty liquids No close clearances, anywhere. are handled. High speed efficiency. Shafts--Steel. No deflection. One Moving Part Packing Glands--Brass. Metallic A perfectly aligned and hydraulically braided packing used always. balanced impeller that revolves on ball Couplings--Pin and endless belt type, thrust bearings. liberally oversized. A quiet pump. Base--Cast iron, heavily ribbed. An Nothing to leak or wear. ^absolutely rigid foundation. Less motor load. 7 Motors--Wagner, Westinghouse or G. E., No permanent water supply needed. . depending on service to be rendered. One air inlet and one air outlet. Trane Centrifugal Pumps are used on No leaky stuffing boxes. ; all Trane condensation units up to 20 lb. : - pressure, on all circulating units to 75 ft. head, and on booster and return line vacuum units. 1 'The Trane Company specializes in pumping equipment required in -the mechanical equipment of buildings. . A complete line of pumps of the classes men tioned above, suitable for any conditions that may ordinarily be encountered, is carried. The air follows the arrow 433 Pumps WORTHINGTON PUMP and MACHINERY CORPORATION IIS BROADWAY. NEW YORK CITY _ BRANCH OFFICES Atlanta............ _ . Trust Company of Georgia Bldg. BnUfDIQHAkl......... American Trust ana Savings Bank Bldg. !Kansas Crrr-------- ______;________________ Scamtt Bldg. :New Orleans_____ .................. ....... North American Bldg. DM fVJnny Rid* - 407 Oliver Bldg. _____.Commerce Bldg. .. _________ Walker Bank Bldg: MillflBldv . ; .......... ...... ....Maynard Bldg. 474 North Boulder Street ... _ . __ __Homer Bldg. Steam Pumps--Centrifugal Pumps--Power Pumps--Deep-well Pumps--Water ' Meters--Compressors--Feed-water Heaters--Automatic Feed Pumps and Receivers--Steam Heating Vacuum Pumps WORTHINGTON Manufacturing all types of pumps and air compressors used in the building trade, Worthington engineers hold no brief for any particular kind. Let them assist you in specifying the correct machinery for the purpose. The Worthington Line includes: Water Meters . . Hot-water boiler-feed; cold-water meters of the disc, turbine and compound types, with a range of capacities from the smallest flow to the largest service; also oil meters. Steam Pumps Simplex and duplex types; simple, compound and triple expansion; condensing and non-condensing; in all sizes and designs to meet every . service requirement. Compressors . . Air and ammonia; single-stage or two-stage, vertical and horizontal; belt- driven, direct-connected motor ' or uniflow steam drive. Centrifugal Pumps Open or closed impeller, volute and multi-stage-pumps, in all sizes and . capacities for all heads. Feed-water Heaters Open type,'vertical and horizontal. . Serves as feed-water heater, purifier, condensation receiver -and - feedi water softener all in one. Power Pumps Single-cylinder, duplex and triplex; horizontal or. vertical; single-acting - or double-acting. Deep-well Pumps Single-plunger, two-plunger and three-plunger reciprocating types and "Axiflo" and "Coniflo" cen trifugal types. Automatic Feed Pumps and Receivers " ' For returning condensate from heat ; ing coils. ^- ' . , ' < Steani Heating Vacuum Pumps ' ' Both steam and power'driven. 434 Yeomans Brothers Company (established in 1898) 1433 Dayton Street - CHICAGO, ILL. Manufacturers of a Complete Line of Pumps Yeomans automatic elec tric Condensation Return Pumps are designed for returning condensate from gravity heating systems to boilers where the re turn lines are too low to drain by gravity. They are built in horizontal . PRODUCTS Shone Pneumatic Sewage Ejectors Yeomans Centrifugal Sewage Ejectors Sewage Pumping Plants for municipalities Bilge or Sump Pumps, Electric or Steam Driven, Single or Duplex Emergency Flood Pumps Condensation Return Pumps The type HCS horizontal machine; though compact, durable and economical in . operation, is of ljghter con struction, being equipped with steel receiver. light type enclosed float switch and without knife switch. type, suitable for return lines above basement floor "level, and vertical type for below floor level. Centrifugal Pumps return lines close to or for all purposes The type V vertical unit is m. similar in construction to the Yeomans Electric Bilge Pump, being equipped with cast iron receiver or basin, cast iron cover, The type HCC horizontal pump includes a heavycast iron receiver mounted on same cast iron base vertical direct connected motor and enclosed auto matic control. with pump and motor and equipped with carbon Special pumps for larger capacities and higher pressures can be furnished on order. . STANDARD SIZES--TYPE HCC . Max. Pump No. Sq. Ft. Direct "Radia tion Cals. per Min. 1 1.000 2 3,000 3 6,000 4 . 10,000 5 13.000 6 30.000 5 10 15 20 30 60 Size of H. P.of ydotor Approxi mate Shinning 10 lbs. 20 lbs. Weight' 20x30 20x30 20x30 20x40 20x40 20x40 Vz 1 Vz 1 v< V/z }/4 V/z 1 -2 23 1,000 1.100 uoo 1.400 1.300 1.600 STANDARD SIZES--TYPE V Pump No. Max. Sq. Ft. Direct Radia tion Cals. per Min. HCC Condensation Pump and Cast Iron Receiver butt contact enclosed automatic float switch, enclosed knife switch and protective device! all built to meet the most exacting demands and for service where dependability is of vital importance. 1 1.000 5 2 3.000 10 3 6.000 15 4 10,000 20 5 15.000 30 6 30.000 60 Standard Sizes--Type H. C. S. Size of RP.of Motor Approxi mate Shipping 10 lbs. 20 lbs. Weight 24x48 24x48 24x48 24x48 24x48 24x48 Vz 1 . Vz 1 V* V/z V.\ m 12 2 .3 - 1.500 1.550 1.600 1,650 1.750 1.850. Type V Pump No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation . Size of H. P. Motor Receiver 10 lbs. 20 lbs. 1000/3000 I8"x20* Vt >/. 4000/6000 I8*x20*' Vt y. 7000/10000 16'x24" A 1 11000/15000 18"x24* Vi 1 16000/30000 I8'x24* V4 Wi 31000/45000 18*x30* 1 1 Vi 46000/60000 I8"x30* Wi 2 Type H. C. S. 435 Pumps Yohn0 Pomp* ISompabtst 230 East Ohio Street CHICAGO Factory MICHIGAN CITY, IND. YOUNG CENTRIFUGAL VACUUM AND BOILER FEED PUMP A reliable Vacuum System Pump for handling both gases and liquids efficiently Patent^! December 10, 1918 Illustration of VS unit equipped for automatic vacuum control with piping connections made and ready for operation. Piping connections shoam in gray tone are to be made by` contractor. Suction strainer and check valve at inlet of pump are furnished with unit, as well as companion flanges, bolls and gaskets. In the present construction of the Young .Centrifugal Vacuum and Boiler Feed Pump we offer the simplest, most fool-proof and efficient electric vaccum pump on the market. The unit is completely assembled (including electrical^equipment) at the factory and tested before shipment. In operation it requires practically no attention. The Pump ^guaranteed to give complete satisfaction on a properly laid out and equipped vacuum ' heating system. The air capacities are standardized to produce under these conditions 10 inches of vacuum with reasonably tight vacuum traps and temperature of returns not to exceed 180 deg. fahr. , TABLE OP CAPACITIES \ Size VO VI V2A V3A V4A V5A So. Ft. Direct, Radiation . 5,000 8,000 16,000 26,000 40,000 65,000 Motor H.P. y4 l l'/j 2 3 5 Actual H.P. 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.8 2.7 4.1 Water Capacity Air Capacity c. p.'mT Cu. Ft. per Min. 8 12 . 25 . 70 100 4.5 6.0 16.0 The principle of the vacuum producing element is-the.oldest and is most efficient in practice that of the ejector. Whenever the pump is in operation, water is supplied under pressure to the ejector nozzle, which causes the ejector to pull a strong suction on the return line of the heating system. 436 Publications, Trade NEW YORK 1123 Broadway CHICAGO 105 So. Dearborn St. A Monthly Journal of Engineering Progress ' Field Heating and Ventilation is a special ized branch of engineering. It com prises consulting engineers who design the heating, ventilating, and air con ditioning systems for schools, hospitals, hotels, office buildings, department stores, apartment houses, institutions and industrial plants.. They specify or buy.the apparatus and material and supervise the . installation--the most direct soles contact for manufacturers of suck apparatus and material. Readers Heating and Ventilating Engineers. A Reader Interest The reader interest is keen and genuine. It is maintained by a wellrounded editorial program devoted to progress in the heating and ventilat ing field. The program includes and , provides for the publication of original articles by recognized engineers describ ing the latest ideas successfully applied in heating, ventilating and air con ditioning. Another important feature is the monthly publication of four pages of standard Heating and Venti lating data for use by Engineers in the design and layout of heating and ventilating systems. * Board of Education Engineers. Superintendents of Central Station Heating Plants and the big Heating and Piping Contractors throughout the United States. . Rates Single insertion!..........$86.00 per page Twelve consecutive insertions.................. 75.00 per page Calibre and buying power are out standing characteristics of the readers of The Heating and Ventilating Magazine. Their services are required only where . high grade material and workmanship are a larger consideration with the architect and owner than mere price. Over 130 '.manufacturers of heating and ventilating < apparatus and appli ances are-using the'advertising columns of The Heating and Ventilating Maga zine every, month in the year. . Member ATB. C/ THE DIRECT ROUTE to the Specifier and Buyer, of Heating and Ventilating Equipment Subscription Price $2.00 per year. Member A. B. P. Radiator Hangers and Sleeoes Bell. Broad 2504 ; Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. J. W. Farley, Manager 3748 E. 71st St., S. E. Cor. FLEET AVENUE ' (NEAR BROADWAY) Cleveland, Ohio Manufacturers of "Grab-On" Fire Resisting Floor and Wall Sleeves, Floor, .Ceiling and Wall Plates, "Grab-On** Hangers, Hanger Bars, Inserts . Adjustable Radiator Hangers and Anchors . 1 i i! \ -It FIRE RESISTING "GRAB-ON" SLEEVES AND HANGERS ' The "Grab-on" Adjustable Fire Resisting Sleeves and Hangers are designed for and used in the largest and smallest buildings such as Federal Banks, Hospitals, Schools, Factories and Residences. . . They are fire, smoke and water-proof. A special Sleeve is made exclusively for Hospital work. This type is made with or without Plates. Without Plates when covering pipes in rooms the covering can be fastened to the Sleeve to allow expansion and contraction and to hold the covering against the ceiling. This Sleeve can be opened in four parts and can be put on after the pipe is up as well as when the pipe is being erected. All Hangers are made of Hot Rolled Steel and have 3 in. adjustment. The Hooks on the Radiator Hangers are made to fit any radiation when specified. These Hangers can be fastened to any type of wall and. by making it possible to hang the radiation on the wall it is easy to clean underneath the radiators. This is particularly desirable in offices, schools and hospitals. ' These Hangers are made to fasten ovGr brick or tile which does not need shields or bolts. We also make Hangers where shields and bolts are used. Expert workmanship and high grade materials do their part in stamp ing Farley specialties as quality products. Prompt attention to all inquiries and quick deliveries are included in our service to architects, engineers and contractors. ' 438 if Radiator Hangers . A. F. Gleockle, Jr. 415 Bay Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Sales Representatives In Principal Cities GLEOCKLE Wrought Iron Adjustable WALL and Column Radiator Brackets __________________________ (Patented March 23, 1920) There is a Gleockle Radiator Bracket for every requirement in heating factories, office and public buildings, churches, stores and residences where radiation must be hung on walls, ceilings, etc. Every Gleockle bracket is of sturdy wrought iron-- . servicable and durable. . Several styles, and their application are shown. ' No. 1 Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket Supports T and 9r_ Vertical Wall Radiators. List Price, $2.50 No. 1. Gleockle Bracket used on Sawtooth or Sky light construction. List Price, $4.50 . No. 2. Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket supports 5', 7' or 9' Hori zontal or -5' Verti cal Wall Radiators. List Price. $2.50 No. 9. Gleockle Column Radiator Bracket. Made to Support Single, Two, Three and Four Column Radi ators. List Price, $2.50 No. 1. Gleockle Wall Radiator Bracket Supporting Double Row of Wall Radiation. Specify for use on 5', 7' or 9', Vertical or Hori zontal wall radiators. 439 Gleockle Brack ets Support the radiators 2" from Wall, and are adjustable, strong and flexible. jra'v.. Radiator Hangers Healy-Ruff Company . ; ' : St. Paul, Minn. " AGENTS IN THE FOLLOWING CITIES .. UNITED STATES `- Atlanta, Ga., Charlotte. N. C., Richmond. Va.p Pittsburgh. Pa.. Indianapolis. Ind.. San Francisco, Calif.. Seattle, Wash., Spokane, Wash., New York City. Denver. Colo.. Sioux Falls, S. D., Dbs Moines, Ia.. Detroit, Mich., Amsterdam, N..Y-. Chicago, III., Cincinnati. O., Toledo, O., St. Louis., Mo, Birmingham,* Alaij: Kansas1 City,. Mo., ' Omaha, Neb., Wichita. Kan., Dallas, Texas, . Milwaukee, ,Wts.' Buffalo. N. Y., Davenport, Ia.. Philadelphia, Pa., Boston. Mass., Cleveland., O., Columbus, Of, Los Angeles, Calif., Baltimore, Md., Washington. D. C., Memphis, .Te'nn.. Chattanooga, Tbnn., La Crosse, Wts., Ironwood, Mich., Nashville, Tenn., Butts, Mont. CANADA .;v :v-! . Toronto, Vancouver, Halifax, Montreal, Winnipeg, Ottawa, Calgary * . Manufacturers of E-Z Radiator Hangers : Write 781 Hampden Avenue E-Z Radiator Hangers are designed to hang all Wall and Column Radiation of any make. They have both vertical and horizontal adjustments, and are de signed to anticipate the use of tempera ture control valves. . .Only one bolt per hanger. No accu rate placing of anchor bolts required. Washer at top makes hanger absolutely invisible. Style "R", shown below, places radiator in. from wall, but is not adjustable for baseboard. Convertible, with parts No. 5 and No. 8, into Style "H", which places radiator 23^ in. from wall and provides for baseboard adjustment. TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS,., Where Baseboards Are Used All radiation, unless otherwise noted shall be supported on wall by means of E-Z Radiator Hangers, Style "H" as manufactured by the Healy-Ruff Co., St. Paul, Minn., or equal and approved in writing by the Architect arranged to support the radiator 23^ in. from the wall and with baseboard adjustment. t Where Baseboard Adjustment is Not Desired All radiation, unless otherwise noted, shall be supported on wall by means of E-Z Radiator Hangers, ;StyIe 44 R," as manu factured by the Healy-Ruff Co., St. Paul, Minn., or equal and'approved in writing by the Architect, arranged to support the; radiator 1% in. from the wall. . If Specialties, Heating American District Steam Company GtwcRAcorricisamd worksNorth Tonawanda-NY - OFFICES---NEW YORK. SEATTLE. CHICAGO ' f -* ADSCO SYSTEM OF ATMOSPHERIC STEAM HEATING The Adsco System of Atmospheric ! Steam Heating, a vapor heating system, is adaptable for all types of buildings, Adsco Packless Gradu ated Radiator Valve Model A-I Hand Wheel Type from the smallest bungalow to the largest office building. It is extremely simple in design. The only specialties used are Adsco Damper Regulator, Model B those actually needed to gain the greatest economy in the consumption of fuel and make possible the control of temperature in every room, furthermore, reducing to a minimum the attention necessary in the operation of the heating plant. -With this system it is not necessary to use air valves on the radiators. A very low steam pressure averaging between 3 to 5 ounces at the radiator in ordinary weather conditions, is required. The steam may be supplied by a boiler on the premises or from a District Steam Heating Plant or other outside source. The entire system is vented to the atmos phere. Therefore when steam as vapor rises through supply pipes to the radiator, the air flows out naturally and quickly, eliminating all resistance to the flow of steam and preventing entirely any noise. The quick circulation of steam assures instant heat as soon * Adsco as steam is available. Hot water type radiators are used. Pressure Gage . __ The Adsco System was originally designed to combine Adsco Pipe two very important features: simplicity and economical operation. To Receiver obtain the maximum in these two features, we strongly recommend our practice of figuring approximately 20 per cent more radiation than is usually specified and eliminating the necessity of radiator traps.- We realize, however, that there are many instances where radiator traps are desired. In such cases we recommend that the radiation be specified to conform to the lower standard and radiator traps be ` employed. These traps will in no way interfere with the positive operation of an. Adsco System. We maintain at our general offices a complete engineering staff, ready to cooperate in the prep . aration of plans for Adsco Heating. Style "R" Hanger, Without baseboard adjustment ' Style "H" Hanger, with baseboard adjustment 440 Adsco Safety Valve.Model E Adsco Radiator Trap 441 Adsco' Return Elbows Specialties, Heeding frames & Jones 5 Melrose Street BOSTON, MASS. ' Modulating Vapor and Vacuum Heating Apparatus--Condensators, Blast Traps, Vent Traps and Modulating Hot Water Valves BARNES & JONES VALVES BARNES & JONES MODULATION VALVES BARNES & JONES RETURN VALVES Size VALVC 4a' r /*' /* Capacities softer C /.Pat/. 60 loo 45 75 . ISO /3S Z60 ZOO Capacities. Size valve r 3r Softer 39 feet Cl Rad. coils 30 tzs 100 80 320 2*0 r ZOO 300 eoo . Radiator Equipped with Barnes & Jones System Only one valve to operat.e --quick opening--placed at top of radiator. . . . No leaks from either valve. Radiator may be heated fraction ally from smallest amount to full hot. . .. wUuww Noiseless in operation No air valve required. . Return yalve or trap automati, cally closes in the presence of ' steam and opens to remove water of condensation and air inde pendently of varying pressure conditions. VAPOR and VACUUM HEATING EQUIPMENT of PROVEN QUALITY -J?&~ - r.v ` ' . ... . - . V- THE RESULT of TWENTY-FIVE YEARS' EXPERIENCE . 442 . 4. }: Specialties, Heating The Bishop & Babcock Mfg. Co. The Massachusetts Blower Co. General Offices CLEVELAND New York, 444 Lafayette Street Cincinnati. 1025 Central Avenue Denver, 1724 Lawrence Street Pittsburgh, 412 Third Avenue Dallas, 1106 Commerce Street St. Paul, 680 E. Minnehaha Street St. Louis, 210-212 South Broadway Atlanta, 60 W. Mitchell Street Chicago, 112 West Austin Avenue The B & B Line The World's Most Complete Line of Heating Specialties The B & B Multiflex Traps are used for draining Radiator Drip and Blast Coils of Air and Condensation. SCHEDULE OF MULTIPLEX TRAPS Size Capacity Vapor Capacity Vacuum Weight The Positive Type Thermostat is of such construction that it is either fully open or tightly shut, that is, there is no x intermediate position. It is used exten sively on 1-pipe steam systems. The Graduate Type Thermostat is of such construction that it throttles, that is, it will maintain a valve in an. inter mediate position. It is used extensively on vacuum and vapor systems. The Compound Type Thermostat is a combination of both Positive and Gradu ate types. The positive feature operates radiators, while the Graduate feature is utilized to operate dampers, i. e. the ven tilating in a split system or partly direct, and partly indirect system of heating. Vi" . V/ 1' 200 500 1,000 250 600 1,100 7>/i 3 V/i Single Width Squirrel Cage Fan THE B & B LINE OF Positive or Graduate Type Thermostat MASSACHUSETTS MODIFIED 4 THE B & B LINE OF ALL-METAL THERMOSTATS ' SQUIRREL CAGE FANS The Modified Squirrel Cage Fan is made single width, single inlet, when it is used' The B & B All-Metal Thermostat is fur as an exhauster. When used as a blower, nished in special types for all vapor and fans ranging from size No. and up steam heating installations wherepositive can be equipped with two inlets with heat control is essential. The B & B All housing of single width. Fans with two Metal Thermostat, used in conjunction inlets have a different characteristic from with the B & B Multiflex Pneumatic Valve, single inlet as the tip speed will averag^ gives a most complete and efficient tem about per cent lower for a given volume perature control system. and pressure. 443 Specialties, Healing Combustion Specialties Corporation Walter S. Timmis, past president of the American Society op Heating and Ventilating Engineers has written an extensive report on COMBUSTO ' Draft System from which the following paragraphs are quoted. (Complete re port will gladly be for warded on request.) Manufacturers of COMiHSTO SYSTEM 250 West 54th Street, New York For Heating Plants Saves coal and labor, maintains even heat with less draft. For Power Plants Higher evaporation per pound of coal eliminates smoke , Mr. Timmis states, "To secure the most eco nomical results in combustion for. heating it is necessary to use the proper amount of air under the fuel bed for the distillation of the gases and the correct amount of air properly diffused, preferably heated and delivered 'over the fire bed in order to complete the combustion by burning the distilled gases--In brief--an efficient boiler Is a gas producer having means for consuming gas produced." WHAT COMBUSTO IS To quote Mr. Timmis further, ``Combusto is a system carefully studied, tested and developed for each individually different case and provides means for supplying the necessary diffused and heated air (oxygen) over the fire to properly com plete in the second stage the combustion begun in the fuel bed by distillation of gases.'* UNIQUE AND FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT FOUND IN COMBUSTO "Perhaps the most important feature of Com busto is the resistance to the flow of air through the apparatus itself, which is made to equal the resistance of the fuel bed. thus producing a balanced condition above and below and through the fuel bed--a fundamental requirement for correct and economical combustion which Is ignored In regular furnace and boiler design. WHAT COMBUSTO DOES (See illustration of COMBUSTO equipped plant below.) ``Combusto is of cast iron cellular structure, the air is heated on passing through this structure and is then discharged through a large number of small apertures over the fire bed. The amount of air thus admitted having been carefully computed for the reauired conditions, the result is practically perfect combustion, which to the user of Combusto results in-- Economy of fuel Fewer firings ` * . Complete combustion of fuel, hence-- A finer ash and reduction of clinker Elimination of coal gases * Means for producing a steady even heat." COAL WASTED (Left) Without Combusto, a checked fire produces no dependable results. The gases that distill from fuel bed are a total loss. Heat can be produced only -by speeding up stack draft. This' is wasteful and re quires frequent attention. COAL SAVED (Right) . With Combusto. alt . gases are burned completely with Bunsen blue flame with stack draft continu' ously checked to minimum. Hence, amount of gas made can be regulated to amount' of heat needed by simple adjustment of the ash pit .damper. SPECIFICATION: The following clause adopted since 1916 by one of the largest railways in the United States is suitable .as a standard specifica, tion in connection with low pressure hoi water or heating boilers or warm ah -plants. "Equip all boilers (warm air furnaces) with Combusto of size recommended by Combustion Specialties Cor poration's engineers." . ", STYLES:' Combusto is manufactured in 28 baric styles--each style is capable of adjustment to meet specified conditions. * Suitable styles are manu factured for practically any type of heating plant and for all sizes and grades of fuel. PRICES: Prices range from 25.00 on small house-heating/plants to $200.00 on largest low pressure heating boilers. Definite estimates can at 1 once.be submitted if manufacturer's-name and number of boiler is sent to us. .... A FEW NOTABLE. INSTALLATIONS :. Daniel Guggenheim Estate Clarence HTMackay Estate Otto Kahn Estate George Eastman (Eastman Kodak Co.) H. R. MaUinson U. 8. Department of labor John J. Baiiach (Bausch k Lomb) , Firestone Tire k Rubber Co. Frederick G. Erbe (Yawtnan k Erbe)- Childs Co., 52 installations ' D. L. 4 W. Railroad, 40 installations Bank of the Manhattan Co., 26 inst 444 Specialties, Heating G. M. Davis Regulator Company Manufacturers of Automatic Valve Specialties 407 MILWAUKEE AVENUE CHICAGO New York Office, 71 Fulton Street--Sales Representatives in Principal Cities Fig. Sgl , Back Pressure Valve Fig. 305--The Davis Standard Regulator is constructed for automatic steam pressure reduction. It accom plishes its purpose in the most direct manner and with the least liability to go wrong. It has visible action-- you can see it work--you can test it by hand. Good for any service pressure. Fig. 321--To automatically regulate the pressure of exhaust steam is the purpose of the Davis Noiseless Back Pressure Valve. The globe pattern may be used either horizontally or vertically. The piston disc is semi-balanced which results in reducing the size of the counterweight necessary to maintain a given pressure. Fig. 311--This Regulator is for use on vapor, vacuum and low pressure heating systems, yavjng a diaphragm of large area and no stuffing box.-faisiyery sensitive. Control pressure is taken from the SgFvice pipe 5 to 10 feet ahead of the valve where an accurate' average pressure may be had. . ' Fig. 318--The Davis Float Valve ,will .automatically maintain a constant`water level in a tank or reservoir. A distinctive feature is its tight closing disc--it will not leak. Another feature is its loosely fitted piston--it will not stick. Frictionless operation insures accurate regulation. Send for general catalog Fig.SU - Pressure Regulator--Diaphragm Type Fig. S18 Float Valve Globe or Angle 445 -i. x Specialties, Heating C. A. Dunham Co. Administrative and General Offices: 230 East Ohio Street, Chicago Factories at Marshalltown, Iowa, and Toronto, Ont., Canada a BRANCH SALES OFFICES: Birmingham, Boston, Cheyenne, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas, Davenport, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, El Paso, Indianapolis, Kansas City. Los Angelas. Louisville, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, New Orleans, New York, Omaha, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland (Ore.), Rochester, St. Louis, Salt In>< City, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Troy, Washington. C. A. DUNHAM CO., LTD., General Offices and Factory, Toronto, Ont. BRANCH SALES OFFICES: Calgary. Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto. Winnipeg, Vancouver, Halifax. FOREIGN SALES OFFICES: London, England; St. John's, Newfoundland . Distributors: Munsing & Co., Paris, France, 47 Rue Fontaine-au-roi Manufacturers of Specialties for The Dunham Systems of Heating HEATING SERVICE This Service is delivered through over 60 Branch and Local Sales Offices throughout the .United States and Canada. These branch and local sales offices bring Dunham Heating Service as close to your office as your telephone. Consult your telephone directory for the address of our office in your city. Products Specialties for use in connection with The Dunham System of Heating, known according to its several adaptable forms as The Dunham Home Heating System; The Dunham Return System and The Dunham Vacuum System--all two-pipe systems, and The Dunham Air Line System for use in connection with one-pipe steam systems. . These specialties are Radiator Traps; Float and Thermostatic Traps; Air Line Valve; Return Traps; Medium Pressure Traps; Packless Radiator Valves; Pressure Reducing Valves; Vacuum Pumps; Vacu um Pump Governors; Air Eliminators; Air Check; Oil Separators; Suction Strainers; Air Vents; Damper Control; Gauges. Section View of No. 1 Trap Dunham Radiator Trap The Dunham Radiator Trap first put into service in 1903 completely revolu tionized Steam Seating. The Dunham Thermostatic Trap con sists of two major parts, a body, and a cover. In the cover the operating member, the Dunham Thermostatic Disc, is securely placed. It has an exceptionally large valve opening. There are no detached loose parts in the. path of flow, no sliding contacts to gum up, and no guide or pin to obstruct the valve opening or cause the valve to wear unevenly. The position and design of the valve is such that it is self-cleaning, and the closing of the trap will be tight even where the water is high in incrustants which deposit on the interior of the piping. The action of the disc is positive and the floating valve seats squarely, like a globe valve. The body is standardized, also the cover and- disc, giving the further advantage of inter changeable parts. The traps conform with the standard dimension of 3K in. from center of trap to end of union nipple, as adopted by The Heating and Piping Contractors' National Association for one-half in. radiator traps. The working part of the Trap, the Ther mostatic Disc, is fully exposed to the actual conditions within the radiator and it, therefore, responds instantly to any change taking place therein, preventing waste of unused steam, backing up of water and'air binding. It is made in five sizes and for varying pressures not to exceed 10 lb. gage. These traps are used principally in steam heating work where they are attached to all forms and types of radiation, and to steam piping and risers for dripping pur poses. The Nos. 1 and 2 Traps are used ' almost exclusively on radiators. The No. 3 Trap is used for large radiators, for medium sized pipecoils, and is particularly adaptable for dripping risers and short runs of steam piping. The Nos. 4 and 5 Traps are used where traps of large capac ity are required on large pipe coils, for dripping main feed risers, and steam mains. C. A. Dunham Co. Specialties, Heating DUNHAM RETURN TRAP Used to separate the air and water discharged into the dry return piping by the Radiator Traps, to release the air, and to automatically return the water to the boiler. For use on installations where the boiler steam pressure does not exceed 10 lb. gage. 1 Steam Supply 1 Tappin* uip FkAxee {\_^J Ac* VtKT rS twicT i-Atr'Y | |[ A I^ ra&w > _-- Size No. Capacity Sq. Ft. Div. Radiation Size of Connections, inches 1i ! III IV 19A 2700 I'/z 1 Vi % 10 4000 2 2 1 % 11 7000 m 2% i'/i % 12 12000 3 3 2 y. Dimensions, inches A BCD Width Over All 13% 11'A 22% 20% 9 21l'/2 U'/i 253/* % 9% 16% 15 287/8 26% 17i/j 2216% % 36% 26% 18% Nflan*c D H Owtlct II ,, U?e capacities are based upon a minimum distance of 6 in. between bottom of trap and water line of boiler. The capacities increase as this distance above water line increases. Further capacities upon request. . This em bodies the DUNHAM MEDIUM PRESSURE TRAP principle so successfully used in the Dunham Ra diator Trap, and is just as simple and satisfactory. Designed for steam pressures higher than those used in heating systems. It handles air and condensate. Adapted for process work, hospital sterilizers and distilling apparatus, steam tables and kitchen equipment where a steam pressure of from 0 to 60 lb. is used. - Dunham Packless Radiator Valve This valve is really "piackless." Neither packing of any kind nor any springs are used in its construction. It is built in two specific styles. The lever handle valve is furnished in angle pattern only and recommended for hot water type radiators with top inlet connection in' keeping ' the most approved modem steam heating practice. The - low bonnet is one of the at tractive features of the valve. The wheel handle valve can be used on any steam system and is furnished as follows: Type 140--Wheel Handle angle pattern, straightway pattern. right Type 100--Lever HandU hand pattern and left hand pattern. Only the best of materials are used. Both types are neat in appearance, and are quick opening and closing valves. The valve is made packless by means of the bellows construction, consisting of a series of corrugated phosphor bronze diaphragms which permit the free up and down move < ment of the spindle and valve disc. This construction obviates the use of springs, packing or stuffing boxes of any kind and entirely prevents the leakage of steam, air or water. Made in following sizes: Lever %, 1, IH,in. Wheel ]4, 1, 1M, 1>, 2 in. Type 100 made only in angle pattern. Type 140 made in angle, straightway and corner patterns and can be supplied with`wheel or lever handle. Thb valves can be supplied with lock and shield, and special extension stems for use on radiators behind grilles, seats, etc., or on ceiling of the room. "* 447 . . C. A Dunham Co. Specialties, Healing 1 Trap No. i 2 Trap No. 8 No. 1. All Patterns Tapping Capacity 100 sq. ft. Rd*. No. 2. All Patterns . Tapping )4"i Capacity 350 sq. ft. Rad. No. 3. All Patterns Tapping Capacity 800 sq. ft. Rad. No. 4. Angle and Straightway Tapping Capacity 1500 sq. ft. Rad. No. 5. Angle and Straightway Tapping 1Capacity 3000 sq. ft. Rad. 3 Trap No. 8 DUNHAM FLOAT AND THERMOJ STATIC TRAP 5 Trap No. 6 These traps handle large volumes of water and sudden calls for maximum duty. They open automatically for water and air and close for steam. They are suitable on either gravity or vacuum heating systems. The water is handled by the Boat operated valve which is so constructed that the opening is always sealed with water with no opportunity for steam leakage. The air is handled by the thermostatic valve. They combine the Dunham Thermostatic Principle with the float. They automatically open for air and water and close for steam. This trap adjusts itself slowly like a thermometer to the temperature con ditions present and permits a continuous flow, at a rate within its capacity limits, to keep the heaters free from air and water, without waste of steam. . a They may be applied to any type or make of cast iron or pipe coil blast heater. They are unsurpassed for dripping low-pressure steam mains and risers, vento heaters, unit heaters, blast coils, domestic hot water heaters, dry kilns, milk condensers, evaporators, paper machines and any industrial heater in which low-pressure steam (not exceeding 10 lbs. gauge)'is used as a heating medium. This type of. trap not only drains the heater of its water of condensation but automatically releases the air, thus obtaining as nearly 100 per cent heating efficiency as may be obtainable, which results in the operation of the equipment at its maximum potential output. In many industrial processes, it is desirable to operate on a vacuum, a condition that is fulty met in this type of trap. - . Typical connections using Thermostatic and Float Trap on a Verito Healer Size No. 22 No. 23 No. 16 No. 17 No. 18 No. 19 No. 20 Pipe Connection. Capacity. In. Direct Raaiation. Sq. Ft. V* l V* .1 114 l'/2 2 3,000 4,000 ' 6,000 7,000 9,000 . 11,000 16,000 448 C. A. Dunham Co. Specialties, Heating Dunham Pressure Reducing Valve Made only in standard weight for a pres sure range of 125 lb. down on high side, to 10 lb. and atmosphere. on low side, in straight and expanded outlet patterns. able in making old one-pipe heating .sys tems more efficient. It is. easily and eco nomically installed, and insures the quick removal of air from the radiators. The Dunham Home Heating System Dunham Vacuum Pump Governor ' Used on steam driven vacuum pumps to control vacuum in vacuum return lines. Made in all sizes from H to 2 in., inclusive. Dunham Damper Control The Dunham Diaphragm Damper Regulator .controls the steam pressure in ounces. It operates check and draft damper with chains. . . Dunham Air Eliminator Used in connection with the Dunham Home Heating System for venting the air from the system. Two types. Capacities respectively 2000 and 6000 sq. ft. radiation. Dunham Oil Separator Made in all sizes from 1)4 to 6 in. Flanged connections. Dunham Strainer Has a large brass screen basket for "catching and holding the dirt; easily ac cessible for cleaning and at once commends itself for this purpose. Made in all sizes from ^ to 6 in. Dunham Air Line Valve The principle of operation is identical, and design similar, to the Dunham Radi ator Trap. Its efficiency is high, and ser vice in connection with air line systems invaluable. Can be furnished with either )4 or M-in. radiator connection. Air piping is required in connection with its use. . It must not be subjected to steam pressures exceeding 10 lb. gage. This is specially for the home or small building. It uses steam at very low, pres sure. Steam is admitted into the radiator by the Dunham Packless Radiator Valve, where it is retained by the Dunham Radi ator Trap until it has given off its, heat, when, as water, it passes through the trap together with the air, and back to the boiler through the return piping. The air is released by the Dunham Air Eliminator, and the water returns naturally to the boiler. The design is such that a partial vacuum can be obtained on receding fire, with water continuing boiling. Hot water pattern radiators with top inlet connec tions are required. The end of each steam main is vented through a Dunham Trap into the return piping, and is dripped through wet or dry drip pipe directly back to the boiler return header. The Dunham Return System This System differs from the Home Heating System in that it makes use of the Dunham Return Trap in place of -the Dunham Air Eliminator, which introduces the added feature of a positive automatic return of water to the boiler when it is desired.to raise the steam pressure. The feature of a positive return under varying steam pressures makes this Dun ham System particularly adaptable to apartment houses, small hotels and me dium size commercial buildings, schoolsand churches. This System makes possible the modernizing of old one-pipe and two-pipe gravity systems, and eliminates the sput tering, leaking air valves which are such trouble makers in these old heating jobs. Dunham Air Line System This is a one-pipe steam system using a Dunham. Air Line Valve on each radi ator, with a system of air line piping which may discharge the air by gravity, or be attached to an air line Vacuum Pump. This system is particularly adapt The Dunham Vacuum System Simplicity is the key note of Dunham design. There is the system of steam mains and piping to supply all radiation,, and the return piping to carry away the air and water of condensation by means of a vacuum pump. Steam may be sup- lied direct from boiler, or through a Dun am Reducing Valve, where boiler pres sure is too high for direct service. Or ex haust steam may be-used, supplemented by live steam through a Reducing Valve. Bulletins Bulletins of standard architectural size ' with detailed information covering each System, and all products, including roughing-in dimensions, will be furnished on request. 449 Heating Specialties The Fulton Company NEW YORK Hudson Terminal Bldg. Knoxville, Tennessee 50 Church Street . SALES OFFICES: . CHICAGO Wrigley Bldg. Michigan Boulevard PHILADELPHIA Drexel Bldg. 4th and Chestnut Streets DETROIT Book Bldg., Washington Boulevard Representatives in All Principal Cities BOSTON Federal Bldg. 136 Federal Street Patentees and manufacturers of Sylphon products. Sylphon Automatic Air and Vent Valves; Packless and Leakless Valves, Thermostats for regulating tem peratures of homes by warm air furnaces, steam, vapor or hot water boilers; Temperature and Pressure Regulators, Temperature Regulating Radiator Covers;.and other Heating Specialties. Advantages All Sylphon devices em body the seamless, one-piece bellows of drawn metal shown at right. There is not a bit of solder throughout its length --no chance for leaks or breaks. It is a feature found exclusively in Sylphon Prod ucts. Sylphon diaphragms or bellowsare made in sizes rang ing from 1^8 to 12 in. 0. D. No. 304 Standard Pressure Packless Valve A special alloy Sylphon bellows surrounds the stem and turning parts, forming an ever-tight bar rier to leakage of steam around the stem, nopacking, hence no need of repacking. This valve is largely used for.hazardous liquids and is approved by the Under writers' Laboratory (No. M. H. 988.) Made in valve sizes ^ in. to 2 in. inclusive. For pressures up to 150 lbs. Cut Open View ' SPECIFICATION--Install where shown on plans, a Sylphon Standard Pressure Packless Valve, as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knox ville, Tenn.. known as No. 304. Size (state size). No. 536 Sylphon Radiator Air Valve An improved radiator air valve with large thermostat and float which renders it extremely* powerful and positive in action. It is pleasing in design, rigid in construction and durable. The thermostat is a Sylphon bellows which con tains a volatile liquid expands when steam reaches it, closing the port. 11 will not buckle or distort, and Cut Open View . will never lose its efficiency. Has ample movement, thus insuring tight closing of valve. Ask .for Bulletin RAV-3 . SPECIFICATION--All radiators shall be equipped with No. 536 Sylphon Radiator Air Valves, as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tenn., to be installed according to standard practice governing the venting of radiators. No. 527 Quick Vent Valve For venting mains, long runs of pipe, indirect stacks, drop risers,' and all low-pressure steam jobs where a large amount of air must be expelled quickly. . Vents entire piping system and thereby heating radiators quicker under less pressure. No adjust ment. Does not close against water. Venting port A in: diameter. Valve connection % in. pipe thread. Ask for Bulletin , RAV-3. SPECIFICATION--The ends of long runs of pipe, risers or loops shall be vented with a No. 527 Sylphon Quick Vent Valve, as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tenn.v _ Cut Open View No. 4X0 Sylphon Air Line Valve An automatic, non-adjustable air line valve that will silently expel air and condensation, but close against steam. Has as its basic principle the Sylphon thermostat, which will quickly and effectively distinguish between steam and air, freely allowing the air and con densation to pass, but. pre venting the passage of-steam. This means that every inch of radiating surface becomes 100 per cent efficient. Ask for Bulletin RAV-3. SPECIFICATION--All radiators to be equipped with Cut Open View Sylphon Air Line Valves known as (either-No. 410.or No. 410-A), as manu factured by The Fulton Company,.Knoxville. Tenn. No. 22 Steam Damper. Regulator -Used to control the dampers on steam heating boilers. A simple, accurate regulator which will control* the draught so as to maintain a con-, stant steam-pres ` sure up to 5 lb. This regulator is sensitive, positive in action and will last a life time, due to the Sylphon one-piece, seam- , less, solderless, flexible metal bellows which it contains. Ask for Bulletin RD-3. SPECIFICATION--The boiler shall be equipped with a No. 22 Sylphon Steam Damper Regulator, as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knox ville, Tenn., and installed in accordance with- instructions of the manufacturer. _ 450 The Fulton Company Heating Specialties No. 22 Junior Steam Damper No. 45-A Hot-Water Damper Regulator Regulator Used to control the This Regulator is identical in construc dampers on hot water tion with No. 22 except that it contains a heating boilers. Simple, smaller Syl accurate regulators phon bellows as which will control the its diaphragm draft so as to maintain and is there * a constant temperature fore suitable for of the water at any small steam point between 120 deg. boilers or those and 220 deg. fahr. having light They prevent the tem dampers which do not require much power perature of the water from rising higher for their operation. Will maintain a con than necessary, insuring faucet water of . stant steam pressure up to 8 lbs. gage. even temperature every hour of the day. Ask for Bulletin RD-3 Installed on domestic hot-water heaters SPECIFICATION--The boiler shall be equipped with a No. 22 Junior Sylphon Steam Damper Regulator, as' manufactured by The Fulton Com pany,' Knoxville, Tenn., and installed in accordance they prevent the generating of steam in the system, thus eliminating the disagree able sputtering and blowing off when the with instructions of the manufacturer. ' faucet is Open. Ask for Bulletin RD-3 No. 924 Steam Damper Regulator For low pressure steam boilers where extra sensitiveness and greater power are required to operate the damper. Is identical in construction 1 with No. 22 ex cept that it contains a larger Sylphon bellows as its diaphragm, and distance between rocker pivot and plunger pivot is greater. Will operate with pressures up to 3 lbs. gage. Ask for Bulletin RD-3 SPECIFICATION--Boiler shall be equipped with a No. 924 Sylphon Steam Damper Regulator as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knox ville, - Tenn., and installed in accordance with instructions of the manufacturer. No. 925 Vapor Damper Regulator Specially designed to control dampers on boilers used with vapor heating systems. Extremely p ow erf ul and sensi tive. Has extra large flexible Syl phon bel lows as diaphragm. One ounce change in vapor pressure produces a 6)4 lbs* force to openorclosedampers. Operates from2 ozs. to 1 lb. gage, perfectly smoothly and will not "flutter" under any condition. Ask for Bulletin RD-3 SPECIFICATION--The boiler shall be equipped with a No. 925 Sylphon Vapor Damper Regulator, as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knox ville, Tenn., and installed in accordance with instructions of the manufacturer. No. 45 Hot-Water Damper Regulator Same as No. 45-A except bulb is 4 in. instead of 2 in. long JSM and rocker jB| does not have ad justment. The longer bulb permits the use of this regulator in a pipe . fitting. No. 46 Hot-Water Damper Regulator This regulator with bulb 1 in. long, is designed especially for small hot-water heating boilers, or those hav f ing light dampers, also, domestic hot-water supply heaters. Con struction same as No. 45 except that it contains a smaller Sylphon bellows as its diaphragm, as it requires less power to operate the light dampers of such heaters. Also suit able for laundry heaters, garbage burners, garage heaters, etc. . . Ask for Bulletin RD-3 _ SPECIFICATION--(Boiler, heater, or tank heater) shall be equipped with a No.'(45,' 45-A, 45-B ' or 46) Sylphon Hot-Water Damper Regulator, as - manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tenn., the regulator to have a temperature range of (specify temperature range. No. 45 and 45-A have temperature range of 120 deg. to 220 deg. fahr.; No: 45-B has temperature range of 100'deg. to 200 deg. fahr. No. 46 has temperature range of 130 deg. to 200.deg. fahr.)'rand to be'installed, in accordance . with^iristructionsfurnished by the;-manufacturer. 451 The Fulton Company Heating Specialties No. 930 and No. 931 Temperature Regulators for Control of Liquids No. 980 and No. 981 Temperature Regulators for Control of Air Used to auto matically control temperatures of liquids heated by steam, and especially for hot-water supply tanks in apartments, hotels, clubs, etc., and regularly furnished with a temperature range of 140 to 180 F. Special regulators can be furnished with adjustment for 20 above or below the operating point for peratures not lower 20 nor higher than 310 F. No. 930 has lever and weight' method of adjust ment; No. 931 has spring type. The extreme sensi tiveness, positive action and simplicity of these regula-. tors place them in a class by themselves and make them applicable in many ways. No. 931 is made in valve sizes M*n. to 2)^ in. inch and No. 930 in sizes^in. to 8 in. inch Used to automatically control temperature of air in dry rooms, etc., and regularly furnished with temperature range of 140 to 180 F. Other ranges upon ap plication. The thermostatic bulb, of our special "star shaped" design, gives greatest area of exposed surface to mass of any design known. It may be placed at any point in room, and is connected with operating valve by a flexible tube of required length. Furnished in either lever and weight type (No. 980), or spring adjusting type (No. 081). No.980 is made in valve sizes in. to 5 in. incl. and No. 981 in sizes in. to 2J6 in. inch Valves--D ouble-seated, balanced type, bronze disc and seats. Bronze bodies fitted into bronze unions, in sizes H ini to 1 yi in. incl. Sizes 2 in. ana above have iron bodies, bodies flanged No. 981 and drilled standard. Companion flanges furnished at extra cost. Flexible metal tubing 8 ft. long. Supplied longer on order. Upon application a chart will be furnished showing how to determine size of regulator needed for any given condition. Ask for chart and Bulletin TR-5. . SPECIFICATION--Install where shown on plans, a Sylphon Temperature Regulator (No. 930, or No. 931 or No. 980, or No. 981) as manufactured by Hie Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tcnn.; regulator to have a temperature range of (specify temperature range) and to be of the following rise (specify sue of valve), for steam pressure of -- lbs. Principal Dimensions, Prices. Etc,, of No. 930, No. 931, No. 980 and No. 981 Sylphon Temperature Regulator Valve Sizes, Inches List prices 930 List prices 931 List prices 980 List prices 981 Bulb thread IPS930 Bulb thread IPS 931 Bulb length 930 . ' Bulb length 931 and 981 Bulb length 980 Lever bar length 930 Lever bar length 980 ` Height A+L930 Height A+O 930 Height A+L 931 and 981 Height A+O 93 land 981 Height A+L98Q Height A+O 980 k ace to face y3U Face toface 931 and 981 Face to face 980 Width incL 10 980 Lever bar ) R980 V, V, 1% 1V2 2 (60 $65 (70 (75 (80 $ 90 (60 (65 $70 *75 (80 ( 90 (70 175 (80 $05 $90 (100 (70 $75 (80 $85 $90 (100 l* 1" 1" 1" 1" PA" r 1" 1" 1" 1" IW 16" 16" 16" 16" .16" 16" 16" 16* 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 16" 24" 24" 24" 24" 24" 24" 41" 41" 41* 41" 41" 41" * IW 15'/, 16'/, 17)6". I7J6" y 19%" IW IW 191/,". W." i)>/, 2W IW li'/. 16'/, IW 1756" 19%n SiPMmP1<E)6W <E)7y,* (N)7* 26" 26" I4%* i4Vi* 14%" 14%" 14%" 14V, 2% ( 95 ( 95 (NO (HO IW IW 16" 16" 16" 24" 41" 3 (100 *125' 3'/i $iro $140' IW 24" iw 24" . 16" 16" 36" x 36" 43" 43" 4 $120 $150 u/, 24" 16" 36" 43" 5 (175 $225' 'i'/, 24" 16" 36" 43" 6 (225 m 24" 36" 20%" 22Vi 23'/, 24D- 25H" 27H* 29H"\ 20%" 23'/, 24H" 25HB 27H" (N)7W (N)8>/,' (N)9W (N) I0W (N) I?/,' 8<N)7%" (N)8W (N)9'W (TO toW W' 26" 27// 14%" IW 15V," .: . .:. 3i .8 $275 2W 24" 36" 3136" <N)I8% 452 The -Fulton Company Healing Specialties No. 932 Temperature Regulator Detachable Tube Type: This is the latest development in self-contained reg ulators, and on account of its flexibility of installation is very popular .with the heating trade. This regulator is composed Assembled ^ s--v Unassembled of three distinct and separable units: valve, bulb, tubing. Each unit may be sepa rately installed, removed or replaced'as the case may be. If the flexible tubing should become damaged or broken, the power transmitting unit may readily be replaced by loosening two lock nuts, and the repair part slipped into place. Movement is transmitted by liauid' pressure acting between two small Sylphon bellows and is frictionless. Liquid is non-freezing. These features are patented and possessed by no other regulator on the market. One transmission unit fits all regulators having valve sizes H in to in. inclusive; another unit for valves IH in. to 4 in. inclusive. Ask for Bulletin TR-5 SPECIFICATION--Install where shown on plans for control of water temperature No. 932 Syl phon Temperature Regulator as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tcnn.; the regu lator to have a temperature range of (specify temper ature range), and to be of the following size (specify the size of valve), with steam pressure of -- lb. No. 952 Sylphon Pressure Regulator This regulator, for con trolling the pressure of steam, air, and other gases, has as its operating medium a Sylphon bellows. The extreme sensi tiveness of this bellows makes it possible to reduce pressure to as low as 2 lbs. It has a ball and spring adjustment such as is used in our No. 931 tem perature regulator. With this regulator, it is pos sible to take the controlling pressure fromany desired point. Made in valve sizes H in. to 4 in. inclusive. Ask for Bulletin TR-5 RANGE OF OPERATION____________ Sylphon Regitherm The most powerful room thermostat on the market. Requires no electricity, com pressed air or clockwork to operate. Re sponds to slight changes in temperature of air and is used to control valves, dampers and shutters. Works smoothly, never by jerks and is noiseless in operation. Requires no attention. Standard range 60 deg. to 80 deg. fahr. It is largely used in offices and industrial plant work rooms. Small and neat in appearance, being 6 in. wide by 7H in. long. Ask for Bulletin RR-3 SPECIFICATION--install as shown on plans for the control of room temperature Sylphon Regitherm as manufactured by The Fulton Com pany. Knoxville. Tenn.; known as No. 15, the Regitherm to have a temperature range of (specify temperature range--GO to 80 deg. fahr. is standard), and to be installed in accordance with instructions furnished by the manufacturer. The Ja-Nar Radiator Cover Made of fine furniture steel, lined with heat insulating material. Completely covers either high or low hot water and steam radiators. Can be installed in old homes as easily as in new. Furnished in light or dark oak, mahogany, walnut and various tinted enamels, or to match any interior wood work. Furnished in three types: 1st. Automatic Tem perature Control; 2nd. Manually Operated Tem perature Control; 3rd, Uncontrolled Type. . The controlled type Ja-Nar Radiator Cover is equipped with a thermostatic device which opens or closes the shutters to regulate the heat sent out into the room. This is absolutely automatic in operation and can be set to operate at any comfort able temperature desired. Ask for Pamphlet on the Ja-Nar Regulator Valve Size Initial Pressure Reduced Pressure No. 952 No. 952-A No. 952-B No. 952-C Vl*-' v5"-iv4* 50 150 150 150 25 25 40 100 SPECIFICATION--Install where shown on plans a Sylphon Pressure Regulator as manufactured by The Fulton Company, Knoxville, Tenn., known as No. 952. Size (state size) to reduce from -- lb. steam (or water) pressure to -- lb. The Jo-Nos cut atroy to tkoto Radiator SPECIFICATION--Install where shown on plans, a Ja-Nar Radiator Cover as manufactured by The Fulton Company. Knoxville. Tenn. The contractor will furnish to The Fulton Company information as to size of radiator and other measure ments necessary to build the Ja-Nars. (Specify finish for each room. State whether Ja-Nar Radiator Covers are to be of automatic control type, hand control type or uncontrolled type.) "Specification Data**---Send for our "Specifications of Value" which gives complete engineering data in regard to the above products. 453 .X Specialties, Healing Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Waterbury, Conn. GENERAL SALES DEPARTMENT 25 West 45th Street : NEW YORK, N. Hoffman Valves and Controlled Heat Equipment HOFFMAN VENTING VALVES In the Hoffman line there is a specially designed venting valve for every type of steam heating system. The basic principle used in the design of all Hoffman venting valves is that of an all-metal thermostatic member, with one or more flexible diaphragms, containing a volatile or heat sensitive fluid which causes valye action upon slight tern- perature changes. ' '' Hoffman valves have a wide pressure range in which they operate with the same degree of accuracy, for the internal fluid pressure in the thermostatic member maintains a constant relationship with the external steam pressures throughout the whole range of pressure for which each valve is intended. Hoffman valves are automatic, non-adjustable and guaranteed to properly function for a period of five years from date of installation when installed and operated under normal conditions for which designed. VENTING PORT(g> FLOAT VALVE PIN FLOAT (g> AIR CHECK RIBS HOW THE NEW HOFFMAN No. 2 VACUUM VALVE OPERATES Normally venting port (2) through which air escapes is wide' open until steam comes in contact with the float (4). Then the heat sensitive fluid in the float, the ther mostatic member, is changed to gaseous state-expanding the flexible diaphragm (7), raising the float and closing vent port. ' ' IP BASE ^ATMOSPHERIC^CHAMBER No. Hoffman Siphon Air and Vacuum Valve If the radiator is shut off or for any reason steam contact ceases, the diaphragm contracts, and the float drops. But no air can re-enter the valve because the air check (I) makes the port a one-way street-- " air^ can go out but none can come back. So with the continuation of condensation of steam and preven tion of air return.a vacuum is formed , in the system. Atmospheric pressure exerted through chamber port (10) causes diaphragm (8) to lift the float (4) and keep port closed. In other words, the air check acts as a vacuum starter, prevents return of air for a short period until' the vacuum formed in the valve permits atmospheric pressure, acting through- port (10) to force dia phragm (8) upward, raising the float. and doubly closing the vent port. 454 Hoffman Vabes ,Specialties Heating ALL METAL--NON-ADJUSTABLE--THERMOSTATIC The No. I Hoffman Siphon Air Valve is designed for systems of the one-pipe gravity type, to vent all air from radiators without loss of steam. After contact of water with the valve the siphon drains all water from the valve and venting occurs without the slightest "spit" even if the radiator is under pressure. Radiator connection. H In. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure, 10 lb. The No. 2 Siphon Air and Vacuum Valve is simitar in con struction to the No. 1, but in addition, when the radiator is once freed from air, return of air through the vent port is prevented. Through its use an ordinary one-pipe steam system may be changed No. 1 Hoffman into a vacuum type. Sijdum Air Valve Radiator connection, yi in. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure. 10 lb. . The No. 3 Hoffman Air Line Valve is specially designed for Air Line, or as they are frequently termed "Paul" Systems. It is sensitive in action and closes the instant steam fills the radiator. 1AJK Radiator connection, M in.; Air Line connection. in. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure. iu ID. The No. 4 is used in venting mains, risers, vento stacks, coils, etc. All air is freely vented through a }/& in. vent port without steam loss, but valve does not close against water. Standard connection, % in., can also be supplied with in connection. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure. 101b No. i The No. 5 is particularly adapted for use in venting: Ends of steam mains; Ends of dry return mains; Indirect radiators; Blast or "Vento" stacks; Hot-water gen- ators; Dryers and drums, etc. The basic principle is the same as the No. 1 Valve, having separate channels for air and water which are only found in Hoffman Valves. _s ' Pipe connection, $$ in.;'vent port for less than 3 lb. is % in.; for 3. lb. and over is h# in. Unless otherwise ordered, will be shipped with in- Port. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure, 10 lb. The No. 6 is similar in design and application to the No. 5 with the additional feature of the Air Check or Vacuum starter above vent port and vacuum dia phragm in base. ... Pipe connection, in.; vent port for less than 3 lb. is in-! *t 3 lb. and over is >4 in. Unless otherwise ordered, will be shipped with in. port. Maximum guaranteed operating pressure, 10 lb. The No. 10 Hoffman Vapor Valve is used for vent ing the return mains in vapor systems or for other conditions where a large venting capacity is required. The vent port is ^ in. in diameter. Pipe connection, in. Maximum guaranteed operating pres sure, 15 lb. The No. 11 Hoffman Vapor Vacuum Valve is similar in construction and application to the No. 10 valve with the addition of a vacuum check on the vent port which prevents the return of air to the system through the vent port. Pipe connection, H in. Maximum guaranteed operating pres sure. 15 lb. ` 455 .x Hoffman Valves Specialties, Heating HOFFMAN "CONTROLLED HEAT" EQUIPMENT For use in Vapor or Vapor Vacuum systems, is made in % in. size only, having a range of adjustment up to 200 sq. ft. of direct cast-iron radiation. After installation,* whether the system is in operation or cold, the port of each valve is adjusted for the size of the radiator to which it is attached. Adjustment is simple; loosen a locknut; turn valve handle until proper number, of graduations are visible on the dial plate; then tighten locknut. The valve handle may then be moved to admit sufficient steam to heat a quarter, half, three-quarter, or entire radiator. The valve stem stuffing box has a frictionless metallic fibre packing that will last indefinitely and require no attention, giving at the same time, a valve action so free that the pressure of only one finger is required to open the valve. The No. 7 valve is regularly supplied with lever handle. On special orders, it can be furnished with wood wheel, lock shield, closed top, extension stem and handle, or chain pull. POSITIONS OF TOP DIAL PLATE FOR VARIOUS SIZES OF RADIATORS CORRESPONDING POSITIONS OF ROTARY SLEEVE SHOWING PORT AREAS_ -F---O----R------ABOV. wE GNJRIUAWDWUAiWTIONS The visible adjustment, enables the designing engineer and heating contractor to make a final accurate adjustment which'compensates for slight irregularities in pipe sizes, failure to ream pipe, installation of extra fittings not forseen in original layout, etc. The advantages of an adjustable port in forced hot water systems to secure proper balance makes the No. 7 Valve especially adaptable for such use. . 456 Hoffman Valves Specialties, 'Healing . The Nos. 8 and 9 Hoffman Return Line Valves - These valves are automatic, non-adjustable, thermostatic and relieve all air and condensation without the loss of steam from radiators, pipe coils, indirect radiation, steam mains and risers, steam kettles, sterilizers and other devices where it is desired to get full efficiency and economy without waste of steam. In service, they have established a reputation for efficiency and consistency of opera tion with the same degree of sensitiveness under either high or low pressure. The body of the valve is made of cast steam metal; cap and tail piece are hot brass forgings; the-thermostat of a special Hoffman alloy. In continued operation the ther mostats will not break, stretch or lose their tension, giving long life and perfect operation. Chief Features ' The valve consistently operates under a pressure range from 13 in. of vacuum to50 lbs. steam pressure. Water at a temperature of approximately 12 deg. less than the temperature corresponding to the steam pressure causes full valve opening and free discharge of condensation. The thermostatic member is removable and may be changed from one valve to another of the same size without adjustment. This feature is appreciated by engineers who require the removal of the thermostat from the valves, until the system is thoroughly cleaned, and likewise by contractors complying with this practice. The No. 8 Valve has Yi in. pipe connections, l/ in. port and is furnished' in Angle, Straightway, Right and Left-hand Offset Patterns. The normal capacity is 200 sq. ft. of cast iron radiation. ` The No. 9 Valve with % in. connection is made in Angle Pattern only, and is suitable for 600 sq. ft. of cast iron radiation. For pressures up to 15 lbs. valve has in. port, for higher pressures -fg in. port. STYLE DATA AND DIMENSIONS Size Inches Diameter Maximum Valve Port Capacity Inches Square Feet DIMENSIONS. ABc No. 7 Angle.................... No. 17 Angle.................. No. 9 Angle...........1 No. 8 Straightway........ No. 8 Offset................... No. 18 Angle.................... No. 18 Straightway........ No. 18 Offset.................... No. 9 Angle.................... % y. Vi Vz <A V* / A y., V* <A Y % 200 200 % in'A/. 200 2H if. 200 2H j 200 H 100 2V4 l`/4 100 H 100 2V* H 600 3A IH *No. 9 Valve furnished with St in. port for pressures above 15 1b. IH 1)6 iy. iy# 457 Hoffman Valoes Specialties, Heating The No. 17 Hoffman Radiator Valve Vajl-ve Body and Tail Piece-- Casting of FirstQuality Steam Metal. Bonnet--Hot Brass Forging. Stuffing Nut--Rod Brass. Stem--Drawn-Brass Rod. Lever Handle--Hard Black Fibre. Disc Holder--Drawn Brass Shell. Disc--Genuine Jenkins Bros. Packing--Special MetallicFibre. Finish--Rough Body, Nickel- Plated. Made in j^in.sizeonly. Capacity 200 sq; ft. C. I. Radiation; The No. 17 Hoffman Radiator Valve No. 17 Hoffman Radiator Valve (Quick Opening Valve) . This valve is made in % in. size only, suitable for radiators up to 200 sq. ft. The valve may be turned from open to shut position or vice versa, with one turn of the lever handle. The valve action is very free, with little friction due to the novel construction of the disc holder and its extension or lead screw for raising and lowering the disc. No. 18 Hoffman Return Line Radiator Trap The thermostat consists of one chamber made by two diaphragms separated by a space ring to which they are fastened. In the center of the bottom diaphragm, the valve pin is attached, the joint being expanded and made absolutely tight. The ther mostat is held in its cage by a pin expanded and attached to the top diaphragm, this pin extending through the cage and engaging with the boss on the cap. The thermostat contains a small quantity of thermostatic fluid, sealed under vacuum insuring extremely sensitive valve action. The fluid is such that its pressure maintains constant relationship with steam pressure and consistency of valve operation under varying pressure is thus obtained. Chief Features The valve consistently operates under a pressure range from vacuum to 15 lbs. steam pressure. Water at a temperature of approximately 12 deg. less than the tem perature corresponding to the steam pressure causes full valve opening and free discharge of condensation. , .. These valves are absolutely non-adjustable and thermostats can be changed from one body to another. , . The No. 18 Valve is made in in. size only in Angle, Straightway, Right and Left-hand and Offset Patterns. Normal capacity is 100 sq. ft. of direct cast iron radiation, port diameter in. in all sizes, operating pressure from vacuum to 15 ibs. ' 458 Hoffman Valves Specialties, Heating The No. 12 Hoffman Blast Trap is especially well adapted for draining con densation from: Indirect Radiators .. Dryers and Drums . Blast or " Vento" Stacks Hot-Water Generators Ends of Steam Mains and Risers Unit Heaters, etc.. Where the operating pressure is not in excess of 30 lb. this valve will take care of large amounts of condensation. In functioning it distinguishes between steam, heated air and water of condensation giving free discharge of . air and condensation. ` The Trap embodies the desirable feature of open . No. is Hoffman Blast Trap bucket or float traps in that it relieves condensation immediately upon its arrival at the trap regardless of the water temperature. Coupled with the float is-a thermostatic member which positively overcomes the chief difficulty with float traps by automatically relieving air as well as condensation from the system. .. . . . The normal position of the valve is open and this is held until steam reaches it when closure takes place. If small quantities of condensation flow to the trap the thermostat functions and relieves the water but if larger amounts of condensation, beyond, the . capacity of the thermostat reach the trap, the float lifts the thermostat from its seat and maximum capacity is obtained. Table of Nominal Capacities No. 12 Hoffman Blast Trap Pressure, lbs. per sq. in... .................. Capacity lbs. per hr............................. */l 800 1 1,000 2. 1,300 3 1,800 4 2,000 5 2,500 Capacity in sq. ft. of radiation on the basis of % lb. of condensation per hr. per sq. ft.............................. 3,200 4,000 . 6.000 7,200 8,000 10,000 Maximum Operating Pressure. 30 lb. Capacities for over 5 lb. pressure, furnished on application. With Strainer; inlet connection, 1 in.; outlet 1 in.' With Strainer; inlet connection. IX in.; outlet. 1 in. The New Hoffman Ther-Kompo Gage is used.on Hoffman Controlled Heat installations or One-Pipe Gravity Steam Heating Systems, equipped with Hoffman No. 2 Vacuum Valves. It accurately indicates the temperature of the vapor produced in the boiler, whether operating under pressure : or vacuum conditions, measuring pressures up to 30 lbs. and vacuum to 30 in. The Hoffman Ther-Kompo Gage is made in one style only--with pressed steel case, 5 in. diameter dial pressure and vacuum readings in black and temperature readings in red. Pipe connections are )4 in. When used with the Hoffman Damper Regulator, results in marked fuel economy through more efficient firing of the boiler. 459 Hoffman Valoes Specialties, Heating Differential Loop The Differential Loop is the safety device for maintaining a steady water line in vapor and vapor vacuum systems. It is entirely automatic', non-adjustable and has no moving parts to stick at a critical moment. Through its use water is permitted to rise in the return main a certain predetermined amount when the loop functions, blowing over a small quantity of steam which closes the No. 10 or 11 Valve installed on tie loop for venting the system and then compresses the air which is " bottled up" in the return main and builds up a pressure which prevents further rise of water in the vertical part of the return beyond the predetermined amount. As soon as this is accomplished, and the action is almost in stantaneous, the loop reseals and no more steam is blown over until the differential pressure is not maintained. It will be readily seen that, by ^SaSSEoop* the aIternate bl<>winK over and resealing of the loop, a constant differential pressure will be maintained between the steam main and return main and also that by the main tenance of this differential regardless of how high the boiler pressure goes circulation will take place in a radiator which is turned on with the return main vent closed through loop action. Differential Loops are made in four sizes, having a capacity up to 15,000 sq. ft. of radiation. . For larger systems the No. 4 Loops can be installed in a battery or the return mains divided so as to have their load come within the capacity of stand ard loops. No. 1 and No. 2 Loops should not be used where the low point' in the dry return is less than 24 in. above boiler water line; with the No. 3 and No. 4 Loops this distance must be at least 30 in: Loop No. A DIMENSIONS AND CAPACITIES OP LOOPS BcpE F G j K Capacity L Sq.Ft. Rad. 1 w WS 1'/.' , w VS I/.* 26' 30H' m 3" 2000 vs2 i'/.' 1'/.' w I/.* 26' w 7H' 3". 3500 vs3 w I'/:" 2" \* 25" 32' 37%* 10" 3'// 7500 4 vs V r r IT 25' 32' 37y.' 10" WS 15000 460 j : s Hoffman Valves Specialties, Heating 461 Hoffman yokes Specialties, Heating Hoffman Valves Specialties, Heating Hoffman Damper Regulator . One of the most important features of the Hoffman .Damper Regulator is the accurate control that only sufficient pressure is maintained to insure circulation to all radiators. It is extremely sensitive in its action and accomplishes control so efficiently that when inlet valves are turned on or off, the fire is accelerated or retarded-to meet the change in demand for vapor. A low constant pressure is therefore maintained so that vapor enters the radiator as soon as a valve is turned on. '. The compensating or balancing plate is like a pair of scales. It is. practically frictionless, remarkably sensitive and operates on slight changes in pressure. It has an additional feature for the convenience of the installing fitter, in that the fulcrum on which the lever is suspended may be turned at different angles, permitting a straight chain connection with the dampers instead of at an angle, which might cause the dampers to bind. Fig. 1 shows Damper Regulator under no pressure. Compensating plate is in its uppermost position, the bottom of the plate being in line with bottom of inlet. The space above diaphragm is filled with water up to the inlet. Weights on lever are to be so placed that they will hold the diaphragm against the perforated plate. Drafts are held open until the predeter mined pressure is generated, when through diaphragm action which in turn is trans mitted to the lever, drafts are closed. In making steam connection to boiler, locate .Damper Regulator so that chain to "E" and "F" operate freely. Regulator should be set level. Remove plug on top . of Regulator and fill with water. With no pressure on boiler and weight "B" in position on lever, connect chain .between "D" and "E" so that draft "E" will be open as wide as required for sufficient\lraft. Connect "G" over pulley to "F" leaving just enough slack to chain "G" so check draft "F" is closed. Fig. 2 shows position of Damper Regulator when drafts are closed. Vapor pressure has overcome upward force exerted by the weights on lever arm and forced diaphragm downward. The water . on the diaphragm lowers with it and like wise the compensating plate until top of the plate is level with the bottom of the inlet, thus preventing any addition to the water above the;diaphragm. With a slight drop in vapor the weights force the diaphragm upward and drafts are opened. Set weight " B so lever " D " tilts when steam is raised to pressure to be main tained. If pressure increases, draft "E" will close and check fire. If fire is clean and pressure continues to increase, lever "D" moves downward, opening check y draft "F," completely checking fire. As pressure decreases, "F" will gradually., close and if pressure falls below the desired amount "E" will open. Connections should be made so that draft "E" opens slightly and check draft "F" opens wide. 462 ORY RETURN MM . GRADSNG DOWJ-i FROM BOILER SUPPLY MAIN SUPPLY TO LOOP Mil HOFFMAN VtAPpf? IZE5 Dt CAPAT.ITiFS LOOP CAPACITY SQFTUC LC14THA* N2 | eooo Nt 3500 N3 7500 15000 24- 24 30 30 1/4* I'/t 2 &U5W OFF VALVE1 463 Specialties, Healing Illinois Engineering Company General Offices and Factory: CHICAGO . Atlanta Baltimore Birmingham Boston Buffalo Cedar Rapids Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Denver Detroit Crib Harrisburg Branches and Representatives Houston Minneapolis Philadelphia Indianapolis Kansas City Nashville New Orleans Pittsburgh Portland Los Angeles . New York Providence Memphis Omaha Richmond Milwaukee Peoria Rochester Scranton Seattle Spokane St. Louis San Francisco Toledo Toronto Tulsa PRODUCTS--Illinois Heating Systems--Eclipse Steam Specialties ' Illinois Heating Systems Successfully installed, in thousands of buildings--the result of over 25 years of special work in this line, and the ultimate in efficiency and economy. pressure--with only two or three firing periods per 24 hrs. The advantages are healthful, modulated heat, and a fuel sav ing of 5-80 per cent over other systems of heating. This result is secured by the ILLINOIS HEATER RETAINOR-- Illinois Thermo Trap . The original vertical seat trap. Dirt Browne Patent, a device which marks an epoch in the heating art. does not lie on seat--self cleaning, non- . Illinois Heat Retainor adjustable, posi tive in opera tion ; durable, will stand 50 lb. steam pressure which shows the great strength of the diaphragm, which is the reason for the' This improved device not only vents air from the System on oz. pressure, but it abso-- lutely pre vents air pull ing back into the System, thus allowing the System to Thermo Trap long life and - remain under durability of these Traps. Thousands in vacuum for operation for over 12 years without diaphragm replacements. Illinois Heal Retainer hours at a time Illinois Modulating Supply Valve Quick Opening--only' a- half turn of handle from open to closed position. Packless, Bake.1 i t e handle, steam tight on 50 lbs. pressure. Nodirt or scale can reach the valve of the Retainor, and even the air passing through same is washed, so this device will remain in operative condition over long periods. Our Bulletin No. 21, describes the opera tion in detail--Copy sent upon request. Illinois Return Trap or Alternating Recover Large diameter of thread spool andmachinecut threads make This device automatically puts the rater back in the boiler against any boiler pressure possible in a low pressure heat valve easy of ing system. operation. Modulating Valve The improved Bakelite handle insulates the hand from heat. The graduated dial shows the open or closed or any position of the valve. Furnished with Lock Shield and Key, orwith Bakelite Wheel handle, upon order. Illinois Vapor Systems The float trips the weights which . in turn positively operate the valves. The operation is Illinois Return Trap forceful and posi tive and this mech- nism cannot be caught on dead centre by cater half filling the tank, r^o external arts to be adjusted or tampered with, Illinois Vapor Systems are capable of lo stuffing boxes--all working parts operating automatically on any pressures possible, in a low pressure heating system --from 10 lb. to 20 in. of vacuum. Our improved equipment actually insures.oper- nclosed in the tank. . A -. Our Sales-Engineering Organization will e glad to give detailed technical mfor- lation regarding our products and to ation under vapor--Ifess than atmospheric 464 . Illinois Engineering Company_________________ Specialties, Heating ILLINOIS PRODUCTS--Eclipse Steam Specialties Eclipse Steam Specialties The old John Davis Co. Eclipse Steam Specialties have been on the market for over 35 years, and embody the improvements and refinements sug gested by this long period of service. . These Specialties are quality products, having bronze and monel metal pistons, seat rings and valve parts, the bodies are extra heavy, and every piece of apparatus is carefully steam tested--under working pressure where same is given--before shipment. Pressure Reducing Valves, for all pressures and services. Back Pressure, and Atmospheric Relief Valves. Separators, Oil and Steam. Cast Iron and Steel. Steam Traps, all pressures. Non-Return or Stop and Check Valves. Pump Governors, Balanced Valves. Float Valves. Expansion Joints, Pipe Strainers. Reducing Valves. In general use on Vacuum or low pressure Heating. Systems. Will reduce to 4 oz. pressure from even 150 lb. initial pressure. The large diaphragm insures sensitive opera tion. Made in both straight- way and expanded outlet ~ bodies. Reducing Valve Sizes % in. to 12 in. Eclipse Master Reducing Valve Eclipse Steam Trap (Patent Applied for) Something | new in Steam trap design, r The valve and stem are sepa- I rate from the bucket and only operated by the bucket at its extreme top and bottom travel --Result-- Valve is always either full open or tight closed. No wire draw ing or cutting of valve and seat. _. which are of Monel metal. - Steam light and long lasting. Bulletin No. 302 describes in detail. Horizontal Oil Separator A pilot type valve will reduce from any pressure up to 250 lb. down to 10 lb. and hold reduced pressure constant at all times --even against a "dead end" pipe. Made of Bronze with monel valves and trimmings. Sizes K in. to 6 in. These Separators have a baffle, removable with out disturbing the piping. Occasional cleaning is necessary for proper elimination of oil. The port areas are over 3 times the diameter of the pipe area, hence these separators are effective. Eclipse Back Pressure and Combina tion Relief Valves Illinois Expansion Joints Single and Docile Traverse Heavy duty joints, the liners are cast bronze-- not brass tubing. The bolts are through bolts, no stud bolts used. Tapped for service connections in anchor section if desired. ' Made in Vertical and Horizontal types, straight ___________ way or angle pat tern, for condensing and non-condensing engines. It is noiseless and works equally well on pressure or va cuum. air cushioned by back pressure in dashpot. Con structed entirely of metal with no springs; wearing parts of special bronze. Size 4 in. to 30 in. Catalog and Bulletins--Illinois Heating Systems--88 pages ' BUUtETINS No. 12--Heating Specialties. No. 21--Vapor System Details. No. 102--Pressure Reducing Valves. No. 202--Back Pressure, and Relief Valves, Exhaust Heads. No. 302--Steam Traps. No. 452--Non-Rcturn Valves. No. 502--Separators--Oil and Steam. No. 703---Float and Balanced Valves. 465 Specialties, Heating Klipfel Manufacturing Co. 2641-59 West Harrison St. Chicago, 111. Manufacturers of Pressure Regulating Appliances--for the Automatic Control of Steam, Air, Water or Gas No. 1 Pressure Regulator-- Piston Type Sizes, to 14 in., inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes 13^ in. and under, screwed ends only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 in. and above; 2 to 6 in., inclusive, screwed or flanged ends, but screwed ends will be furnished unless otherwise specified; sizes 7 in. and above flanged ends only. Nos. 1 AND 2 PRESSURE REGULATORS V Piston Type Automatically reduce any initial steam, air or water pressure to any desired reduced pressure down to 2 lbs. and maintain reduced pressure constantly regardless of fluctuations in the initial pressure, or changes in the demand for steam. When specified for controj of air or water, piston is pro vided with special leather cup packing at no additional charge. Working parts removable while valve body remains in pipe line. No. 2 PRESSURE REGULATORS Piston Type--Expanded Outlet Similar to No. 1 except have an expanded outlet, allowing use of low pressure pipe of larger size than high pressure supply pipe. Nos. 3 AND 4 PRESSURE REGULATORS Diaphragm Type ' . ' Automatically reduce any initial steam pressure to any desired reduced pressure, either below atmosphere or up to 5 lbs. above atmosphere, and constantly .maintain re duced pressure regardless of initial pressure fluctuations or changes in the demand for steam. Includes no stuffing box, thus eliminating leakage and friction on valve stem. Diaphragm of ample area insures very close regulation of reduced pressure. Inner valves and seats are bronze, bevel seated, requiring minimum diaphragm movement. ' No. S Pressure Regulator-- Piston Type---Expanded Outlet Sizes, 1 x 2 to 12 x 24 in. in clusive. Bronze bodies in sizes 1^x2)^ in. and under. Iron bodies with bronze inner valves and trimmings in sizes above. Unless otherwise specified. Nos. 2 and 4 will be shipped with inlet screwed and outlet flanged in sizes 1H x 3 to 3 x 6 in., in clusive, although they can be furnished both ends screwed or both ends flanged; sizes 4x8 in.-, and above, both endsrflanged only. - ; . No. 3 Pressure Regulator, Diaphragm Type Made in same sizes and style of ends as No. 1 Pressure Regulator, Pis ton Type. No. 4 PRESSURE REGULATORS Diaphragm Type--Expanded Outlet __ Similar to No. 3 except have expanded outlet, allowing use of low pressure pipe of larger size than the high pressure supply pipe. Made in same sizes and style of ends as No. 2 Regulator. Our 96 page Catalog contains sectional illustrations and roughing-in dimensions covering our complete line. Write for your Copy--TODAY! 466 Klipfel Manufacturing Co. Specialties, Heating Improved Pump Governor NOISELESS BACK PRESSURE VALVES--Horizontal or Vertical Automatically and noiselessly maintain any desired back pressure, so that exhaust steam may be used for heating, drying and other pur poses. For use with non-condensing engines. Because of patented con struction, inner valve is effectively stabilized, and cannot pulsate in Noiseless Back Pressure Valve unison w*h stroke of engine. Can be operated either horizontal or ver ' Sizes, 2 to 24 in., inclusive. All sizes made flanged ends; sizes 2 to 8 in.. tical, but horizontal position is pre inclusive, also made screwed ends. ferable. Unless otherwise specified, sizes 6 in. and under will be shipped screwed ends, while sizes 8 in. and above will be IMPROVED PUMP GOVERNORS shipped flanged ends. Automatically control any type of steam pump, and maintain dis charge at a constant pressure. Simple; compact; direct acting; Monel metal stems, inner valves and seats are bronze, semi-balanced and taper seated. Sizes, H to 12 in., inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes lH in- and under, screwed ends only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 in. and above. Sizes 2 to 6 in. inclusive, made screwed or flanged ends, but screwed ends will be shipped, unless ordered flanged. Sizes 7 in. and above flanged ends only. Made globe and angle patterns in all sizes, but angle patterns will be shipped, unless ordered globe. No. 6 BALANCED FLOAT VALVES Automatically control the supply of hot or cold water to open tanks and main tain practically a constant water level. The inner valve consists of two perfectly balanced straight side plunger discs and consequently is unaffected by water pressure. The swivel yoke and float lever on all sizes can be turned to any desired position. A rosette at the end of lever permits ample adjustment of the seamless copper float, Inner valves and seats are bronze and are fitted for Id water working pressures up to 200 lbs., unless specified for hot water. A special right angle bent lever is furnished when valve is specified for installation in a vertical pipe line. No. 7 Single' Seated Float Valve Sizes, % to 8 in.; inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes in. and under, screwed ends only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 in. and above; 2 to 6 in. tinclusive. screwed or flanged ends, but screwed ends will be shipped unless specified otherwise; size 8 in., flanged ends only. All sizes are made angle or globe patterns, blit angle pattern will be shipped unless specified globe. No. 7 SINGLE SEATED FLOAT VALVES Automatically maintain a constant level ctf hot or cold water in open tanks. Single seated, auxiliary operated. Seat area equal to pipe size. Will not leak. Swivel guide yoke allows float to be located in any position. For working pressures up to 200 lbs. No.-6 Balanced Float Valve Sizes, % to 20 inclusive. Bronze bodies in sizes in. and under, screwed ends only. Iron bodies in sizes 2 in. and - above. Sizes 2 to 6 in. inclu sive. made screwed or flanged ends, but screwed ends will be shipped unless specified other wise. Sizes 7 in. and above, made flanged ends only. All sizes 14 in. and under are-made angle or globe pattern, . but angle pattern will be shipped, unless ordered globe. Sizes 16 in. and above are made globe patterns only. 467 Specialties, Heating The McAlear Mfg. Co. 1901-1907 So. Western Avenue CHICAGO Power and Heating Specialties for Controlling Pressures and Flow of Steam, Water, Air or Gas Pressure Reducing Valves--used in Low Pressure, Vacuum or Vapor heating systems or any other service where close regulation and absolute con trol isrequired. USE Fig. 155 for ini tial pressures up to 150 lb. and re ducing to service pressures 0-10 lb. Fig. 185 Single Seated Valves on dead end service where reduced pressure is below 10 lb. Fig. 245 Spring Weighted type for initial pressures up to 150 lb. and reducing to service pressures above 10 lb. Fig.' 265 Single Seated Valves for dead end service such as cooking tables, kitchen utensils, laundry mangles, etc. Steam Traps--For draining water of condensation from any steam apparatus or steam mains. . No. 781--Low Pressure, up to 85 tbs. Air Elimi nator and Return Traps-- De signed for automatical ly returning water of con densation from low pressure steam or vapor sys tems direct to boiler and to exhaust the air to at mosphere. Size No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 '6 Inlet In. | 1% \'/l 2 2'/i 3 3 CAPACITIES Outlet Steam In. In/ Vent. In. Capacity Sq. Ft. 11 Vi . 1,000' I'/* 1 Vs 2*000 l'/2 1 y 1 4,000 21 V* 6,000 2'/i Vs 10,000 3 1% ] 15,000 v/l We 1 20,000 McAlear Dlrect-to-Boiler ` Water Feeders For maintaining constant water line in steam boilers. McAlear Automatic Water Feeders prevent boiler fractures from low water, decrease fuel consumption and reduce maintenance expense. . C Reversible Seat SPECIFY Fig. 085 for pressures up to 30 lb. Fig. 695 for pressures up to 125 lb. Fig. 705 for pressures above 125 lb. Fig. 715 for special low pressures. 0 For oil burner installations--rFeeders are equipped if desired, with LOW WATER ELECTRIC CUT-OUTS. The McAlear line of Power, Heating, Gas and Oil Specialties include: Thermo static Radiator Traps, Packless Radiator Valves, Air Vents, Grease Extractors, Dirt Strainers, Vacuum Pump Governors, Damper Regulators, Steam Separators, Back 'Pressure Valves, Water Regulating Valves, Tank Controllers, Gas Regulating Valves, Liquid Level Controllers and many other devices. General Catalogue, illustrating our complete line, will be gladly furnished upon request. 468 Specialties, Steam Mason Regulator Company Boston, Mass. San Francisco, Calif. Montreal, Canada ' Manufacturers of Pressure Regulators and Steam Specialites p. - 7-1 * r OWCI I n -o POB HEATING AND OTHER LOW-PRESSURE SYSTEMS ' MASON Pressure Reducing Valves automatically reduce boiler pressure for Steam Heating systems, and for all situations where steam ts required at a lower pressure than that of the boiler. Vacuum Regulating Valve sim For regulating the amount of vacuum on separate branches of a main vacuum system.-' .. Catalog General catalog GIVING FURTHER IN FORMATION AND DETAILS OF THESE AND OTHER TYPES OF REGULATORS, WILL BE GLADLY SENT UPON REQUEST. . Vacuum Pump Regulators Sim For regulating the supply of steam to the requirements of a steam driven vacuum pump and thereby automatic ally maintaining a uniform vacuum on the system. . Household Water Pressure Regulator - Sites Designed for domestic service where the city water pressure is too great for economical house use. Ewninahw noise in bathroom fixtures, leaking faucets and splashing in bowls and tubs. Strainer Sim H"-6" MASON Strainers for water, steam or air keep piping clean and insure proper operation of regulators and valves in any syRtem. 469 . Damper Regulator Made in various sixes for handling damper equipment on both high tnwf low pressure boilers, operating on forced, induced, or nature! draft. Specialties, Healing Jas. P. Marsh & Company Established 1865 -' 114-124 S. Clinton St. - CHICAGO, ILL. Sales Agencies In Most Principal Cities Thermodisk All-metal Auto matic non-adjustable. No. 1 Thermodisk Syphon--Auto matic Air Valve. Free and unlimited vent of all air, hot or cold, cannot water-log, do not spit or leak water, and close instant ly for steam or vapor.. Sizes and capacities for every requirement. No. 5 Thermodisk Rapid Vent Marsh Reflux Traps for install lation on return of radiators of any two-pipe re turn steam heat ing system. Also for pipe coils in Refining, Cook ing and Drying apparatus. Marsh Blast Traps for Direct or Indirect Coils, and for any loca tion where large quantities of. water are to be discharged. No. 2 Reflux Trap. Marsh Blast Trap Jas. P. Marsh & Company Specialties, Heating Marsh Indicating Gauge Marsh. Recording Gauge Low Pressure Ounce Gauge Marsh Gauges for every, requirement of indicating Pressure, Vacuum, Altitude, etc. Marsh Recording Gauges where a high grade, accurate instru ment is required .and where it is desired to match other instru ments on Gauge Boards, etc. We specialize in Gauge Board outfits complete with all in struments. Compound Ounce Gauge Show exact pressure in ounces and pounds. A necessity for the intelli gent, economical and proper operation of "Vapor," "Vacu um," "Semi-Vacuum," and "Atmospheric" Heating Sys tems and for any low pressure boiler. Marsh Ther-Alti-Meter Marsh Hot Water Thermometer and Altitude Gauge Combined Alti tude Gauge and Hot Water Thermometer. The two indica tions, altitude and tempera ture, at a glance. The ideal and logical instru ment to specify forany hot water For any hot water heat heating boiler. ing boiler where the sepa rate Altitude Gauge and Hot Water Thermometer are preferred. Architects and Heating Engineers will find illustrated and described a Marsh Gauge, Radiator or Steam Trap. Automatic Air Valve, Vent and Heating Specialty for each service requirement--in literature which we will be pleased to send upon request. 471 Specialties, Healing Monash-Younker Co., Inc. ESTABLISHED 1900 CHICAGO NEW YORK MONASH THERMOSTATIC RETURN LINE TRAPS The distinctive feature of the MONASH Thermostatic Line of Traps, is the Dia phragm, a separate and independent unit, so constructed and so held in place that friction and strain on the Diaphragm is reduced to a minimum: overcoming the hazard of fracture and rupture of the Diaphragm. The No. 35-A has a vertical seat with the Diaphragm out of the Steam Chamber, while the No. 35-B is built with a horizontal seat and the Diaphragm in the Steam Chamber. These Traps are Yi in. pipe size, capacity 200 sq. ft., 65 lb. of water per hour. MONASH No. 36-B-24 in. Radiator Trap is built with the .Diaphragm in the steam chamber, body of close-grained, gray iron, nickel plated; brass coupling, nut, nipple and cover nickel plated; capacity 500 sq. ft., 160 lb. water per hour. Monash Thermostatic Heavy Duty or Drip Traps MONASH thermostatic special heavy duty or drip traps are made with dirtpocket. clean-out and by-pass. Vertical seat and diaphragm outside the steam chamber. Especially suitable for blast coils, dry kiln colls, main drips, dryers, laundry machinery and all points where large quantities of condensation is to be handled. No............................... Size................... ... . Sq. Ft. of Radiation Water per Hour___ pounds Net Weight.............. pounds 40 % 108 3.25 42 V* 1500 475 5.00 44 1 5000 1560 77 50 A BuftBgq: Monash Guaranteed Automatic Air Valves MONASH No. 1, all metal, non-adjustable automatic air valve in which the base and nipple are in one casting-- no soldered or sweated joints to come apart. MONASH No. 6, fourway-drain, lock-shield, automatic, air valve with all working parts above opening to radiator. Self cleaning; no flooding of floors and other damage. Specify Monash Valve holder with valve. So. 8 . Monash Quick Venting Valves No. 87 For mains and risers the MONASH No. 27 thermostatic quick venting valve is desirable. Has heavy brass body and cover, phosphor bronze thermo - static diaphragm. Operates automatically at all pressures up to 10 lb. Insures rapid steam circula tion. Closes against stearmbut does not close against water. Connections are H in.. I lb. net weight. Monash Thermostatic Air Line Valves for drip or air line systems; also for venting vento stacks and blast coils. Is rapid in action .and positive in results, passing all air but closing tightly against steam. . Made of brass, white plated; the No. 2 is MXK in... the No. 3 is in. I lb. net weight. 472 Specialties, Heating O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. 5-7-9 Keefe Ave., MILWAUKEE, WIS. Packless Graduated Valves, Ball-Check Return Elbows, Thermo-Nickel Return Traps, Air Exhausters, Vacuum Valves, Vacuum Pressure Gages, Differential Return Traps and Balanced Swing Check Valves. The operation of the "O-E" Perfect Vapor Vacuum-Pressure Sys tem is very simple: vapor generated at boiler passes up through main supply pipe and is admitted to radiator at top through the "O-E" Packless Grad uated Valve. Water of condensation is returned to boiler through a %-in. "O-E" Elbow. In pass ing through the Elbow the water is first trapped by means of a wall or diaphragm cast in the Elbow, oulside of the radi ator, making a water seal which holds the vapor in radiator and prevents it from short circuit ing into the return main. Should the Supply Valve of radiator be closed and condensation form a vacuum any water that might be in the return pipes is prevented from returning to radiator by the "O-E" Patent Elbow, which is equipped with a small brass ball operating on a smooth guide or track, and so arranged that when a vacuum takes place in radiator ball will immediately roll against port and close it. Elbow is noiseless in operation, as water seal is below ball, which is an important feature. As soon as Supply Valve is again opened ball rolls off of seat allowing condensation and air to pass easily and freely into return main. An air vent is tapped in the slot of the screw stop in the return elbow which not only allows air to es cape freely into return system when Supply Valve is open, but also equalizes the pressure on both sides of Water Seal, thus preventing it from syphoning out. which it might otherwise do. All air and condensation pass through main'return pipe in basement to a point above boiler where air is separated from water by means of `'O-E'' Patent Air Exhauster and Vacuum Valve. The "OE" Perfect Ball-Check Water Seal Union El bow with Adjustable Air Vent is made in two sizes, H-in. Ca pacity 250 sq. ft. K-in. Capacity 500 sq. ft. The "O-E" Improved Perfect Packless Gradu ated Valve is absolutely Packless and never requires packing. It is tested by air and water test before ship ment. It is quick opening, little more than one-half turn fully opens or closes it. Sand blasted and nickel plated. The handle being made of hard rubber, will not crack and is always cool and easy to operate. The graduated dial and pointer admit of partial opening so that just the amount of heat desired can be obtained. All valves are fitted with composition disc on a swivel seat without extra charge.. Graduated Supply Disc will be attached when specified, at slight additional cost. The "O-E" Improved Air Exhauster and Vacuum Valve is simple and very sensitive, operating as follows: Being connected at a high point above where the return main-enters boiler, ail air in the system seeks outlet at the Air Exhauster, which is open when there is any air in the system, and as soon as all air is exhausted and heat comes in contact with the Carbon Post in Exhauster, same expands and forces the Special Bronze Ball against the seat, closing the port. When closed system will cool slightly causing a vacuum which, will hold ball on seat. As soon as vacuum is lost ball will roll away from seat and permit air to escape freely and quickly. The Improved cap locks the expansion post after it is properly adjusted and also holds post in a'rigid hori zontal position. All Exhausters are set for ordinary use. but can be adjusted to suit any particular system to which they are attached. All Exhausters are threaded for 1-in. I-. P. both inlet and outlet.' Made in one size only, 1 in. x 1 in. Capacity 2.000 sq. ft. We also announce the Thermo-Nickel Re turn Trap, a combination thermostatic trap with a ball-check and many new features. Ask for descriptive bulletin. 473 Specialties, Heating Sarco Go., Inc. Boston Buffalo" 233 Broadway, NEW YORK Philadelphia Cleveland Detroit Chicago . RADIATOR, BLAST AND STEAM TRAPS, ,, PACKLESS INLET VALVES; TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND STRAINERS SARCO STEAM TRAP No. 9 For industrial purposes, hospitals, laundry and kitchen equipment. Sarco Steam.Trap No. 9 consists of a heavy bronze body with a. powerful motor element of helical seamless bronze tubing containing an expansion fluid. Is of the balanced pressure type, suitable for any steam pressure from 0 to 100 lbs. without readjustment.;- Has unusually great capacity, large valve area and-quick, high lift when discharging. Closes instantaneously.-^No live steam can escape. Cannot air bind. Small in-'size and low in price. * Write for Booklet No. 261. ' Vi VS r List Prices F. O. B. Bethlehem; Pa. $8.50 U.50 14.50 Dimensions IVt" inlet to outlet 1.%' inlet to outlet 2" inlet to outlet Capacity ' 500 lbs. of water per hour 600 lbs. of water per hour BUU lbs. ot water per hour For Steam Pressure from 0 to 30 lbs. Type 9-1 can be used. It has the same capacities as Type 9-2 but is furnished with brass composition valve heads and seats at H"-*7.50; $"-$10.50; l"-$13.50 list. .. SARCO BLAST TRAP No. 9-3 This Heavy-Service or Blast Trap is for draining, steam coils of hot-water tanks, vento heaters and main drip lines; also where a large capacity trap is required on lowpressure work such as for draining coils in dryers, heating coils, cooking vessels, etc. Will handle great flows of condensation without loss of steam. Is entirely ther mostatic, so removes the air as well as water. Operates bn the same principle as the Sarco Radiator Rrap. Write for Blast Trap Booklet. List Prices F. 0. B. Bethlehem, Pa. $25.00 27 50 30.00 35.00 CAPACITY Lbs. per Hour ' Sq. Ft. Direct Radiation 1000 1000 1500 2000 * ' 3000 ' 3000 4500 6000 SARCO TEMPERATURE REGULATOR For hot-water service tanks, and cold storage plants; also for manufacturing purposes and dry room or kiln control. Write for Booklet No. 91. . . - SARCO SELF-CLEANING STRAINER . For Steam', water and oil lines. ' . Write for Booklet No. 204 474 Specialties, Heating Sarco Co., Inc. Boston Buffalo 233 Broadway, NEW YORK Philadelphia Cleveland . Detroit Chicago RADIATOR, BLAST AND STEAM TRAPS, . PACKLESS INLET VALVES, TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND STRAINERS SARCO RADIATOR TRAP For vacuum, vapor and low-pressure heating systems. The Sarco is of the thermostatic type, using Seamless Helical Bellows and a volatile liquid filling. Its positive action keeps radiators thoroughly drained, prevent ing water hammer and air binding. Helical Bellows is phosphor bronze. It has a high lift, insuring free dis charge. a maximum closing pressure and an unusually long life. . Sectional, View * The motor element is not attached to the bodyand can be lifted out to wash out scale and dirt in new nstallations without affecting adjustment. Body'is heavy brass, nickel plated. `' Is factory adjusted and can be used on all'pressures up to 25 lbs. without adjusting. Write for Booklet No. 116. .. List Prices F. 0. B. Bethlehem. Pa. Dimensions CAPACITY--DIRECT RADIATION . Vapor System Vacuum System Vim $ 6.00 8.00 r is.oo A 3'// A 3'/,' a y>/% B Wf biv? B l9 200 Sq. Ft. 600 Sq. Ft. 1500 Sq. Ft. 250 Sq. Ft. 800 Sq. Ft. 1800 Sq. Ft. Angle, straightway and offset types are furnished at same prices. SARCO PACKLESS INLET VALVE For use on vapor and vacuum heating systems. This valve cannot leak as it is of the true Packless type. By the use of the. Sarco Helical. Tubing it eliminates the necessity . for packing of. any kind. \ Valve opens or closes with a three-quarter turn and the pressure is always even, smooth and regular. Easy to turn. ' Dial is distinctly marked. , Has heavy brass, well-nickeled body. Fur nished with lever or round moulded .handles. ' Write for Booklet No. 151. 475 List Prices F. O. B. Bethlehem. Pa. . VY V/ 1' W $5.50 6.00 7.50 9:50 Center' CAPACITIES Inlet to Feet Direct Outlet' Radiation 3'/.* . 3'// .. 3%* 4* up to 40 sq. ft41 to 75 sq. it. 76 to 125 sq. ft. 126 to200 sq. it. Specialties, Healing Sterling Engineering Company 1636-44 Holton Street MILWAUKEE, WIS. Sterling Engineering Company Specialties, Heating STERLCO-ROYS THERMOTROL--Type B The Sterlco Thermostatic Radiator Trap is designed for use on both vacuum and vapor heating systems. It is an all brass trap constructed with a vertical diaphragm with a flat seat. The ex pansion of the diaphragm closes the trap against the steam pressure. The vertical seat is a self-cleaning feature'as dirt and scale after passing the seat drop down into the return line instead of collecting inside the trap. The diaphgram is the result of long and careful experiment. The metal is carefully tested before being ued and the greatest care is exercised by skilled mechanics to insure perfection in each diaphragm. They are guaranteed to function properly for a period of at least five years. Capacities and Sizes No. Size Capacity 2 Vi' 3 V" 4 1* Up to 200 sq. ft. rad. 200 to 500 sq. (t. rad. 500 to 1000 sq. ft. rad. STERLCO GRADUATED PACKLESS VALVE The Sterlco Graduated Packless Radia tor Valve is of the Jenkins Disc Type. A half turn of the handle will open or close it. A graduated dial indicates the degree of opening through the valve. The valve is neat in appearance, easily dis mantled as all parts are threaded and screwed together and does not require packing. These valves are furnished with either lever or wooden wheel handles or with lock and shield. Capacities and Sizes Size Capacity ' Vl'* Vl' Vi'x 1* xl* \V*'*W*' w*w Up to 24 ft. 25 to 70 ft. 71 to 150 ft. 151 to 200 ft. 201 to 300 ft. ' ' STERLCO SLIDE VALVE RETURN TRAP The Sterlco Slide Valve Return Trap differs in principle from other return traps on the market by utilizing the sliding type of valve and besides' draining return lines of heating systems and returning water to boilers, it will lift liquids to higher levels where steam or air pressure is available. It is especially adaptable where ceilings are low. Size Return Traps 1 2' 3 Sq. Ft Surface 2000 ' 4000 6000 Inlet and Outlet I Vi 2' 2' Steam Connection Vs' V/ V.' Vent Connection v*m Vs' 476 Height 14' 16' 16' Length Overall W/4' 26' 32' Shipping Weight 150 190 250 . I The Sterlco-Roys Thermotrol consists of a valve installed in the supply line to the unit of radiation which is controlled by a combination of highly sensitive diaphragms. . These diaphragms are insulated from the heat of the radiator and enclosed in a housing. . . At the top of the control is mounted a graduated scale indicating temperatures. The regulator can be set to operate at any desired temperature marked on the scale. The supply can be connected to it at any angle and it can be connected to either the top or bottom of the radiator. This Thermotrol will regulate room temperatures above 60 deg. Fahr. The standard coritrol -ts designcd for temperatures between 60 and 80 deg. but the controls can be built to regulate temperatures from 60 to 200 deg. . ' Capacities 54 in. Size-- 70 sq. ft. 1 in. Size--150 sq. ft. WE MANUFACTURE THE FOLLOWING STERLCO PRODUCTS: Thermostatic Traps, , PaCkless Radiator Valves, Air Line Valves, Return Traps, Air Eliminators, Vacu Float Vents' Condensation Pumps and Receivers, Strainers, , Temperature Regulators. 477 Specialties, Heating VAPOR-VACUUM DIVISION (See also Pump Division) . The Trane Company Let Crosse, Wis. BRANCH OFFICES Neir York, Chicago. Boston, Philadelphia. Buffalo. Cleveland, Detroit, Seattle, Los Angeles, Albany, Minneapolis' Salt Lake City, Ft. Wayne, Portland, Oregon, Greensboro, N. C., Zanesville,'Ohio, Atlanta, Ga.; England: 22-23 Clerkenvell Close, London, E. C. 1. Canada: The Trane Co., 23 River St, Toronto*, Thomas Robertson & Co., 134 Craig St, West, Montreal; F. S. Murdock, 310 Breadalbane, Winnipeg. Japan: The Uchida Trading Co., Ltd., Tokio---Osaka--Kobe. .. China; C- J. Doughty & Co., 7 Jrnkee Road, Shanghai. . The Trane Systems of Vapor and Vacuum Heating, Patented Heating Specialties Trane Automatic Electric Pumps, For AU Purposes The Trane Company Specialties, Healing No. 3 Trane Receivers are used on * Return Fitting Vapor Heating Systems to return condensation to the boiler under all operating conditions. Two sizes: 400 and 2,000 sq.` ft. No. 4 Trane Bellows Packless Valves . * are packless in every respect. Contain genuine Trane bellows. Brass body. Nickled, highly polished trimmings. Practically indestructible handle. Especi ally designed as companion product for use with Trane Bellows Traps (No. 7) in connection with Trane Vacuum Pumps. . (See Trane Pumps in Pump section of this Guide). Valves furnished in K in., K in., 1 in. and 1K in- sizes. No. 5 Trane Vapor Regulators are . sensitive to ounces pressure, instead of pounds. Two grades. Sensitive and Extra Sensitive, known as Size 1 and Size 2. . No. 6 Trane Pressure-Vacuum ' Gauges register to 30 lb. pres sure and 18 in. vacuum. Also furnished to register to 30 in. vacuum only over entire scale. 4K*in. face. K-in. pipe connec tion. .. No. 7 Trane Bellows-Type Radia- * tor Traps have 14 corrugation bellows. These bellows are made without seams or joints of any kind. Trap bodies are made of steam brass. Sizes and styles are as listed below. Guaranteed range is from 15 in. vacuum to 25 lb. pressure with out adjustment of any kind. These same traps are also available for high pressure service up to and including 125 lb. No. 8 Trane Quick Vent Valves do * .. the work of Float Vent Valves (see No. 1), except that they are designed to close against steam only. K-in. pipe connection. Contain Genuine Trane bellows. . . No. 9 Trane Return Fittings are ' used in connection with Trane Receivers (see No. 3), on jobs that have 400 sq. ft. of radiation or less. . No. 10 Trane 1-in. Bellows Trap * specified for Drip or Blast Trap service. Made with K-in. bypass as illustrated. Capacity at- 1 lb. pressure difference is 1700 sq. ft. equivalent direct radiation. At 25 pounds, 8500 sq. ft. For targe capacities use Trane IK in. or IK m. Heavy Duty Blast Traps (not illustrated). TRANE HEATING SPECIALTIES No. J Trane Float Vent Valve vents * . air but closes tightly against steam and water. Capacity unlimited (or practical purposes. Full Kin. venting ports. K inch pipe connection only. Weight 4 lb. Contains genuine Trane bellows. No, 2 Trane Direct Return Traps * and broken boilers are never found on the same vapor heating or straight steam job. Two sizes: 2,000 and 4,000 sq. ft. Multiples used for larger requirements. 478 SIZES, CAPACITIES, ETC., OF TRANE RADIATOR TRAPS Style ' Size Inches Capacity in Sq. Ft. at V arious . Pressure Differences 4 oz- 8 oz. 1 lb. 21b. A DIMENSIONS, INCHES EL H K No. B2 No. B3 '/2 125 175 245 344 i& 3'/4 ift iVs 3'/4 va. y8Va 375 525 735 1030 ift 3!4 1 tV 5 3%. m No. B4* 1 750 1050 1700 2200 3ft iff Made in angle pattern only. Write for information on Trane V/S large capacity traps. Sizes conform to recommendations of Heating and Piping Contractors' National Association: 479 Specialties, Healing Stickle Steam Specialties Go. Main Office and Works, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. New York Office 48 E. 41st St. Boston Office 52 Sudbury St. Manufacturer of the STICKLE Open Coil Feed Water Heaters and Purifiers, STICKLE Steam Traps high and low pressure and vacuum. Pressure Regulators, Damper Controls, Back Pressure Valves, Standard Balance Valves, Vacuum Heating Specialties, Blast Coil Heaters, Heating and Ventilating equipment, Triplex Oil and Steam Separators. STICKLE THERMOSTATIC RADIATOR TRAP The special feature of the STICKLE Thermostatic Radiator Trap is the dia phragm; with box shape inverted heads, side walls reinforced with seamless drawn brass tubing, a solid disc protecting each head and so constructed that the diaphragm cannot get out of place. The diaphragm is so reinforced that there is no possible chance for it to become distorted or ruptured. The flat leaf bronze spring makes a positive opening action; supplementing the spring action of the diaphragm- STICKLE THERMIC VACUUM TRAPS Designed for draining steam headers and risers on low pressure heating systems. A Thermostatic trap will close on hot water and for this reason they will not drain a steam header. This trap is mechanically operated with positive air release. No matter what the temperature of the water this trap will handle it. This is the ideal trap for Blast Coil Service, made in sizes up to 2 inch. Send for the descriptive matter. THE STICKLE VAPOR VACUUM x -BLAST COIL Primarily designed to operate with con densation discharged from the dryers on a Paper Machine. It has proven a great success to furnish heated air to ventilate the machine room. It is the most efficient Blast Coil Heater made for low pressure steam. Being a continuous coil construction it is absolutely guaranteed to maintain a positive steam circulation at all times; cannot air bind. ` 480 Specialties, Heating ESTABLISHED ISSS ` WARREN WEBSTER & COMPANY Pioneers of the Vacuum System of Steam Heating Camden, N. J. 50 Branch Offices MANUFACTURERS OF SPECIALTIES FOR WEBSTER SYSTEMS OF STEAM HEATING--OVER 34,000 INSTALLATIONS Webster Products Webster Vacuum and Modulation Stbtems or Steak Heating. Webbteb Ststem Apparatus: Including Sylphon Traps; Diaphragm (No. 7) Traps; Modulation Supply Valves; Sylphon Quick-opening Packless Valves; Dirt Strainers; Heavy-duty Traps: Double Service Valves; Water Accu mulators; Expansion Joints; Lift Fittings; Suction Strainers; Vacuum Governors; Hy-J.o Traps and Controllers; Damper Regulators; Vent Traps and Vent Valves; Boiler Retorn Traps; Air Separating Tank, Feed-Water Heaters, WebsterLea Heater-Meters. Steam and Oil Separators. Webster Service Is an internal part of every Webster System delivered through 50 branch offices. Webster Service places the accurate, comprehensive information resulting from the extensive experience of this organisation at the disposal of industrial executives and engineers, architects and heating contractors. ' "Steam Heating" is a manual of practical data prepared by the Webster organisation. It has been adopted as text in several universities. Extremely useful to tnoBe having steam heating design problems. It is cloth bound, has 368 pages. 8xl0H in.. 162 tables of useful data and 493 typical layouts and illustrations. Consulting engineers are invited to request a copy on their letterheads. Service Details--Are provided showing accepted stand ard practice to be followed in installing Webster System apparatus and in making connections. Over 160 separate service details are available in loose-leaf form. These ore supplied, as needed, to users of Wehster System. The use of Webster Service Details saves a substantial amount of the designer's time in laying out a system and helps to assure correct installation of each system. Catalogue Bulletins--Describe Webster apparatus from the standpoint of the engineer, providing complete tables, drawinga aud other technical data. Issued in loose- leaf catalogue size for convenient reference. Webster Vacuum Systems Operate on exhaust or live steam at very low pressure. Used with direct radiation or in combination with blast coils or unit heaters. Particularly suited for large buildings or where process steam is used. Operation--A partial vacuum is created and maintained by a 8team or power driven vacuum pump. Steam is ad mitted to radiators or other heating units through Wehster Sylphon Quick-opening Packiess Valves, or Webbter Modu lation Valves. Condensation and air are discharged from each heating unit through Webster Return Traps, which ' close to prevent the passage of steam, thus preventing waste. Water of condensation and air are removed from the system through the return piping by the vacuum pump. The air is discharged to the atmosphere, the water is returned to the boiler, by means suited to particular con ditions. Webster Type "R" Modulation System . A low pressure steam heating system suitable for all types of buildings having little or no demand for process steam ami toa basement or other means for placing low pressure boiler bHotc the lowest radiator. For installations from 500 32,000 sq. ft. of equivalent direct cast iron radiation. Can be operated safely and satisfactorily by unskilled labor. Operation--Initial steam pressure is closely controlled by an extremely sensitive Webster Damper'Regulator. Steam is admitted to radiators through Webster. Modula tion.Valves which permit close regulation of room tempera ture through an effective throttling control. Condensation and air are discharged from radiators by Webster Return Traps, which prevent discharge of steam, thus avoiding waste. Condensation and air are carried to a Webster Vent Trap, which automatically vents air from the system through a vent valve, permitting operation under partial vacuum for long periods. Return of water to boiler is assured by the Webster Boiler Return Trap. A typical Webster Type "R" Modulation System installation is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. I Webster Modulation Supply Valves Fig. S. Webster Modu lation Supply Valve Provide by means of the tapered modulating plug, accurate heat -control of each radiator. Particularly well-suited for residence heating systems, as it per mits heating any desired portion of radiator. Rises, H to in. Ask for Bulletin 705-3. Effectively discharge all eondenstaion and entrained air from radiators or coils without permitting passage of steam. Operation is by means of a sensi tive volatile liquid contained in a rugged Sylphon bellows. Factory adjusted, and made in rites from to IX in. Ask for Bulletin 701. 481 X- Stokers Detroit Stoker Company Underfeed Forced Draft and-Overfeed Natural Draft Stokers 369 General Motors Bldg. Detroit, Michigan Detroit "V". Type Natural Draft Stokers for-boilers from 50 up to 600 H. P. Successfully burns all grades of bituminous coal, wet tan bark, wood refuse, etc. Widely used in heating, hundreds being installed in schools, public and office buildings, large apartments, hotels, etc.; insuring complete combustion and eliminating smoke- Either sprung arch or flat suspended arch may be used. Detrick Flat Suspended Arches as sold by Detroit Stoker Company provide greater furnace volume.. "V" Type--Rear Vine Single Retort Longitudinal View First cost of installation of Detroit "V" Type Stokers is very low because no forced draft equipment is needed and no basement required for ash removal. Requires little power for operation. Can be used with low pressure boilers. Fires can be banked over night and keep sufficient heat on heating system over Sundays. Substantially built to withstand hard usage. Maintenance cost low. Ask for Bulletin 369. . ' I Detroit Single Retort Forced Draft Underfeed Stokers "Cut the Cost of Pro-- ducing Steam." Designed to' serve- boilers up to 250 or 300 H. P. Many installed burning Illinois, Indiana and all Eastern coals successfully. Widely used in all sections.where bituminous coal is burned. .' Outstanding features are: mechanically driven, adjustable rams, positive control of the movement of the fuel; no mov ing parts in the fire; low main tenance cost; side dumps for cleaning fires; refuse quenched in ash pits and removed through ash doors; installation cost un usually low; operates on low pressure if - desired. Ask for Bulletin 269. . Detroit Multiple ' Retort Stoker 482- Detroit Multiple Retort Under feed Stokers are built in large sizes for heavy duty work and under boilers ranging from 300 H. P. and up to the very largest units. ' Widely used in high schools, offices and other large buildings with heavy heating load. The outstanding feature of the Detroit Multiple Retort Stoker is the level fuel bed in conjunction with a variable control of the' fuel move ment by means of a separate and independent adjustment to each retort; no avalanching of the fuel to the dumps, and bridgewall clinker formation is eliminated. - Burris Illinois. Indiana, and all eastern Bituminous Coals with high efficiency. Ask for Bulletin 169. . Stokers and Automatic Furnaces "nxisEY" Underfeed Stokers `troTfjss" Underfeed Stokers "harrington" Traveling Grate Stokers Automatic Furnaces Pulverized Goal Installations 9 Neponsec Street. WORCESTER. MASS-. U.S.A. BOSTON CINCINNATI NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA - ST PAUL PITTSBURGH KANSAS CITY BUFFALO DENVER CLEVELANO CHARLOTTE OETROlT DALLAS Riley Engineering and Supply Co.. Ltd., Toronto As makers of Riley and Jones Underfeed Stokers, Harrington Traveling Grate Stokers and Murphy Automatic Furnaces, we are able to offer a type suitable for all kinds and sizes of boilers from 50 H. P. up, burning all grades of coal. Each of these stokers is fully described and illustrated in a separate catalog which w.e will gladly send on request. Murphy Automatic Furnace MURPHY AUTOMATIC FURNACE The Murphy Automatic Furnace is of the overfeed, natural draft type and is particularly adapted for use in office buildings,, hotels and schools. It saves 15 to 25 per cent over handfired methods, it saves labor, it is smokeless in operation, it does not emit gases .to circulate up through the building. All ash and refuse are removed automatically. This means a clean fire and high efficiency at all times. The Murphy Furnace does away with the necessity of opening furnace doors and thereby eliminates the admission of cold air. The coal supply for the furnace is under absolute control and automatic regulation. It is a natural draft furnace and requires no fan or blower equip ment. Installations A few representative installations using our stoker equipment in office buildings, hotels and schools: . Hamm Building, St. Paul, Minn. Cleveland Public Library, Cleveland, Ohio- State Office Bldg.. Lansing, Mich. 76 Schools. Detroit. 33 Schools, Cleveland. 11 Schools, Buffalo. Book-Cadillac Hotel, Detroit. Hotel Syracuse, Syracuse, N. Y. New Willard Hotel. Washington, D. C. Wade Park Manor. Cleveland. Ohio. ' Business Men's Club, Cincinnati, Ohio. Highland Hospital, Rochester, N. Y. JONES "SIDE DUMP" STOKER The Jones Side Dump Stoker is of the forced draft, underfeed type and is very widely used for both heating and power loads in all types of buildings thruout the country. It is of the side clean ing type, ashes being dropped into a shallow ashpit, permitting easy, removal. Only slight excavation is required for the two shallow ashpits, therefore the installation cost is low. This stoker gives high Jones "Side Dump" Stoker efficiency and responds very quickly to load demands. Has a fuel burning capacity of 1200 to 1800 lbs. of coal per hour. This stoker is made in steam driven type and also mechanically driven type.. 483 .X Temperature Control Equipment Johnson Service Company Milwaukee, Wis. BRANCHES ALBANY. N. Y., 4 Ramsey Place KANSAS CITY. MO.. 411 East Tenth Street ATLANTA, GA.t 206 Bona Allen Building MILWAUKEE. WIS.. 149 Michigan Street BOSTON, MASS., 31 Waltham Street LOS ANGELES. CAL.. 607 Van Nuys Bldg. BUFFALO. N. Y.. 503 Franklin Street MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.. 922 Second Ave., South DALLAS, TEXAS. 333 Fidelity Union Bldg. NEW YORK. N. Y.. 118 East Twenty-eight Street CHICAGO. ILL.. 1355 W. Washington Blvd. PHILADELPHIA. PA.. 258 S. Van Pelt Street CINCINNATI. OHIO. 1113 Race Street PITTSBURGH, PA.. 10 E. North Diamond St., N. S. CLEVELAND. OHIO. 2028 East 22nd Street PORTLAND. ORE.. 404 Failing Building DENVER, COLO.. 1230 California Street - SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH. 610 McIntyre Bldg. DES MOINES. IOWA. 441 Ins. Exchg. Bldg. SAN FRANCISCO. CAL., 417 Rialto Building DETROIT, MICH.. 427 Brainard Street SEATTLE. WASH.. 452 Colman Building INDIANAPOLIS. IND., 312 E. Ohio Street ST. LOUIS. MO.. 14 North Twelfth Street GREENSBORO. N. C.. Daily News Building. P. Q. Box No. 617 CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVE . Johnson Temperature Regulating Company of Canada. Limited OFFICES CALGARY. ALTA. 605 Second Street. West VANCOUVER. B. C.. 550-6th Avenue. West TORONTO. ONT,, 147 Church Strdet WINNIPEG. MAN.. 259 Stanley Street Products and Services Engineers and Contractors for the Control of Temperature or Humidity for any purpose and over every range used in manufacturing purposes or buildings, furnishing and installing: Temperature Controlling Apparatus for any and all kinds of heating and ventilat ing systems. . Temperature Controlling Apparatus for any industrial process requiring the medium of heat. Control of Humidity in industrial pro cesses requiring artificial humidity. Temperature Control of hot water tanks and all liquids. Control of Temperatures of refrigerating and cold storage plants. Thermostat Control of electric motors on automatic refrigerating machines. Manufacturers of Thermostats and Other Apparatus for the Control of Temperatures and Humidity, including: Pneumatic Room and Insertion Ther mostats and Humidostats. Electric Room and Insertion Thermo stats and Humidostats. "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm Valves. High Grade Dampers of all Shapes and sizes. Low Pressure, Limited Capacity, Elec tric Air Compressors. Low Pressure, Limited Capacity, Hy draulic Air Compressors. Air and Water Reducing Valves. Pneumatic Switches or Push Buttq^. 484 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment Specific Applications of Temperature . Control Bake ovens for enamels, japans, etc. Core drying ovens. Drying room for paint, varnish, patent leather, etc. Storage room for tobacco, rubber or similar goods. Cold storage rooms, fur vaults, etc. Canning machinery, cookers, exhaus ters, processors. Corn and oats drying apparatus. Fruit drying apparatus. Johnson All-Metal Thermostats Every Johnson Thermostat is ALL METAL throughout, having no soft or hard rubber parts to deteriorate and become inoperative. Every thermostat exquisitly made and thoroughly tested for accuracy, efficiency and durability. Johnson Positive Thermostat Has a snap action for closing and open ing. valves quickly, positively and fully, , thereby assuring 'their durable and satisfactory opera tion. , Has an indica tor showing at a glance whether the heat is^"ON" or "OFF." Has a con venient means . for shutting off the heat when desired. Johnson Compound Thermostat The Johnson All-Metal Compound Thermostat combines the feature of both the Positive- and Intermediate and is applicable for control of valves or dampers where certain units are to be operated positively and others inter mediately at an interval of a few degrees in temperature. Johnson Dual or Two-Temperature Thermostat The Dual, or two-temperature Thermo stat provides for a daytime temperature (usually 70) and a night-time temperature (35 to 50), as desired, for all or some of the rooms in a building, simply by the manipulation of a single push button by the engineer or other person in authority. It is a factor for the greatest economy in school buildings, a number of rooms of which are occupied at night as well as day, and for any buildings in which some of the rooms are occupied only at certain times, such as churches, auditoriums, masonic temples and lodges. . Thermostat The covers which conceal the thermostat proper are small, incon spicuous and very neat in design and workmanship. Covers There are two distinct styles: one called the R typeandonecalled the P type. Johnson Inter mediate Thermo stat ' _ Has all-metal Model Positive Metal movement, giving Diaphragm Thermostat true graduated . . motion to mixing dampers for "Blast Heating Systems" and, where desirable, can be used to operate steam valves on a "Vacuum Heating System." The R type is a die-casting, very beautifully de signed and used generally in resi dences and other handsomely dec orated buildings. Model R. I. Cover 4$"x2"xl H" deep The P type is a pressed metal cover, very finely finished but not as orna- 485 X Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment mental and artistic as the R cover, and used more generally in schools, office buildings, hospitals and places where simple and neat design is desired rather than artistic and ornamental. ' .change frequently the adjustment to op erate at different temperatures. It is operated by compressed air at 15 lb. per sq. in., and used to control temperatures of liquids and air by automatically open Johnson Pneumatic Insertion Thermostat Designed to control temperatures with in closed air chambers or ducts. The ing and closing a diaphragm valve or damper. Graduations made to meet re quirements, limited to a total range of 60 deg. body of thermostat is a dust-proof case containing the two working parts and extending outside the chamber. This thermostat is made either positive Multiple Insertion Thermostat Similar to the insertion duct thermo or graduated acting. stat, excepting that one multiple thermo stat takes the place of a number of sepa- Applications Adaptable for use in bake ovens for enamels, japans, etc.; drying rooms for paints, varnishes, patent. leather, etc.; storage rooms for tobacco, rubber or similar goods; ster ilizers or pasteur izers; cold storage rooms, fur * vaults, etc.; refrigerator ,. , , machine control; hu P^matic lnsctwn Thermostat midity control for air washers; flue gas temperature con trol; hot blast heating plants; combi nation tempered ventilation and hot blast systems; greenhouses, turkish bath rooms, etc.; tempered ventilation for buildings. rate duct thermostats set for dif ferent tem peratures. The 4-point multiple thermostat shown will operate four separate dia- ph ragm valves at as many differ ent tempera- T .A tures. It has. .Multiple Insertion Thermostat become very popular with heating engi neers for ;the control of heating and tempering coils where it is desired to have these coils turn on at different temperatures. It is made to work with positive action when controlling valves; Johnson Calibrated Thermostat with graduated actibn when controlling dampers; or. with both positive and -This is an especially high grade insertion graduated action when controlling valves thermostat for use where it is desired to and dampers: 486 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment Tank Thermostat Designed for insertion through 1-in. tapped hole in tank and controlling, in the case of hot water tanks, a diaphragm valve on the supply pipe to the steam coils in the tank. It can be used to control the temperature of any liquid, either hot or cold. It is especially adaptable for con trolling the temperature of water in hot water heating plants by its control of the boiler draft doors. Humidostats and Humidifiers The humidostat automatically controls the supply of moisture delivered to the airby a humidifier and maintains a con stant percentage of relative humidity. It operates a diaphragm valve on the steam coils in the pan humidifier. The pan is provided with float box to maintain constant water level and is located in the ventilating air duct leading throughout the building. Steam jet and water spray types of humidifiers are also furnished. Humidity Control The supplying of moisture to the heated air in buildings and the automatic control of the percentage of moisture in this air are recognized by authorities to be as important as maintaining proper tem peratures. Pneumatic Switch Control Remote valve and damper control plays, by means of our pneumatic switches, a very important part in the economical operation of .. the modern "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm Valves complish re- . suits in the operation of the heating plant This valve having an in destructible 1- piece mbta.l diaphragm, is permanentand requires no repairs. Its value for the control of steam is ob vious and par ticularly so in connection with steam coils, radiators in wall boxes where exces- "Sylphon" Metal Diaphragm . Valve . sive heat would destroy rubber diaphragms. which can not be obtained in any other way. It makes it easy to operate the fresh air, return air and vent dampers, with the corresponding assurance that these dampers will be economically op erated as intended by the heating engineer. The following types of pneumatic switches for different purposes and dif ferent conditions are made: ' Lever Handle Switch, . Push Button Switch, Indicating Switch, to open and close dampers partially as desired. Electro Pneumatic Switch, to open and close dampers automatically--with the starting and stopping of fan motors. 487 Johnson Service Company Temperature Control Equipment ' How. to Specify - Air Compressors--Specify kind of air Furnish and install a complete system compressor (steam, hydraulic, electric or of automatic temperature regulation and humidity control, furnishing all neces sary thermostats, valves, dampers, hu midifiers, special devices, air compressors, piping and fittings, and labor of installing system, except setting valves and dampers power driven), requiring that the air com pressor shall be of sufficient size to operate the system, with a factor of safety not less than 3, and requiring that it be provided with all necessary governing devices, fit tings, gage, etc. in position--all in accordance with the following schedule and detailed speci fication: Schedule--State the rooms to be con trolled and number of thermostats in each; the manner in which the tempered air, if there is any, is to be controlled; the manner in which the drafts of the boiler are to be controlled; and specify the manner of the control of any fresh air, vent or return air dampers, stating the location and number of switches. Thermostats--Where the greatest economy of fuel and the most flexible handling of the heating system is desired specify the Johnson Dual orTwo-Temper- ature thermostat and that it shall operate at all times at one set pressure not less than 15 lbs. per square inch. If dual thermostats are not desired specify Johnson Metal Diaphragm Model Ther mostat, size, x 2 x l in.; and state whether it is to have residence or school cover, indicating device, positive shut-off, and whether it is to be positive or inter Humidostats--Specify Johnson Humidostat and Humidifier, stating the kind of humidifier, whether perforated steam .or copper evaporating pan. Dampers--Specify that dampers shall be made by the heat regulating contrac tor, but installed by the galvanized iron contractor, and that dampers shall consist of wrought iron frames, sheet steel blades, strongly cleated, with brass bearings. Guarantee--Require that system be complete in every respect, and that all necessary material and special fittings shall be furnished whether specifically mentioned or not. Require that entire system be guaranteed free from all orig inal defects in material and workmanship, and that any parts proving defective or . wearing out within 2 years from date of completion shall be replaced free of charge. Require that thermostats shall operate,the valves -or dampers to which they are at tached, at a variation of not to exceed 1 deg. above or below any given point. mediate motion. Specify the number and kind of inserted thermostats. Valves--Specify Johnson Metal Dia Contracting phragm Valve having the ``Sylphon" This company contracts to furnish.and Metal Bellows for its diaphragm. State install in complete working order the whether valves are to be plain or nickel- Johnson System of Temperature Control, plated with or without unions; add: including.thermostats, valves, piping, etc., Valves to be placed in position by heating and gives annual inspection and prompt contractor. service to all plants constantly. 488 Temperature Control Equipment The Powers Regulator Co. 34 years of specialization in temperature control GENERAL OFFICES AND FACTORY CHICAGO, ILL. 2719 GREENVIEW AVENUE GENERAL EASTERN OFFICES NEW YORK, N. Y. 126 EAST 44th STREET ATLANTA. GA. BALTIMORE. MD. BOSTON. MASS. BUFFALO. N. Y. BUTTE. MONT. CHARLOTTE. N. C. CHATTANOOGA. TENN. CINCINNATI. OHIO CLEVELAND. OHIO BRANCHES AND SERVICE STATIONS DENVER. COLO. DES MOINES. IOWA DETROIT. MICH. EL PASO. TEXAS HOUSTON. TEXAS INDIANAPOLIS. IND. KANSAS CITY, MO. LOS ANGELES. CALIF. MILWAUKEE. WIS. MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. NASHVILLE. TENN. NEW ORLEANS. LA. PHILADELPHIA, PA. PITTSBURGH. PA. PROVIDENCE. R. I. ROCHESTER. N. Y. ST. LOUIS. MO. . SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF. SEATTLE. WASH. THE CANADIAN POWERS REGULATOR CO.. LTD.. TORONTO. ONT. BRANCHES CALGARY. HALIFAX. MONTREAL. VANCOUVER. WINNIPEG (su) Products control by which all other methods Automatic Temperature Con trolling Systems, applying them, under the supervision of the Powers engineers, to the heating are measured. In design. Powers thermostats are second to none in beauty and perfection of finish; in size, as small as is consistent with plants, new or old, in residences, the reliability so necessary in such offices, factories, schools, institu instruments; in operation, sure, tions, and to any other conditions with gradual or positive action, as of artificial heating where uniform conditions require. temperature is desired. Diaphragm radiator valves, Automatic Regulators for- AC diaphragm motors, mixing dam CURATELY controlling tempera pers and., other equipment are ture and pressure of Liquids, Gases and Air, Pressure Reducing Valves, D Thermostat especially rugged in construction, dependable and durable; built re Steam Traps, Humidity Control Devices, gardless of expense, whenever strength is Shower Mixing Valves, Etc. needed for efficiency and long service. Motive power used in these systems is Temperature^Controlling Appliances compressed air. The company, builds its . Powers thermostats own air compressors, are accurate in their working and wilt main tain their adjustment. They are of the vapor disc type, exclusive with Powers regulators, and are not thrown out of adjustment by extremes operated by steam, electricity or water, and characterized by their reliability, noiseless operation, perfect control and long life. of temperature or long disuse. For over thirty years the accurate con Installations Installations trol obtained by this of Powers sys method has been the tems are invari- ,, K Thermostat standard of thermostatic ably made by this Radiator Vah-c 489 The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment The Powers No. 11 Tank Regulator Application of Powers Control to Combination (Split) System of- Heating--Direct radiation supplies the heat; fan supplies warm air for ventilation.' Thermostats control valves on radiators to maintain proper room temperature. Ventilating . coils are controlled by a thermostat placed in the fan discharge duct. company. At each branch office is main tained a competent engineering and erecting force, sparing no expense to -<maintain the highest efficiency. Powers special devices, however, are easily in stalled by any engineer or contractor. Prices ` Price for Powers regulation covers the system installed complete, and is only named after a careful study of the require ments. Our price is not lowest, but no other system will be found so efficient and economical. Customers are served with the sole aim of getting results for them; and experience shows that satisfactory service from a temperature control ling system is of much more impor tance than its first cost. . Specifications Heating systems, and the requirements for temperature control, vary widely in detail. Much of the dissatisfaction ex perienced with some systems of tempera ture regulation is due to the attempt to force a ready-made inflexible system or device to meet special requirements, taking no account of the conditions peculiar to the situation to be treated. For these reasons we believe special study should be given each case. We shall be glad to submit to any Architect or Engineer a detailed Specification, accom panied by a guaranteed price, to cover complete system of temperature control installed, the price to hold if specification is used. This guarantees full protection to the client against' advantage being taken of a close specification. This com pany will gladly collaborate with Architect or Engineer in preliminary plans. As specialists in temperature control, The Powers Regulator Company has unusual facilities for solving problems in this particular field. 490 Spring Type Used on steam heated hot water service in hotels, apartment buildings, offices, schools, shops, hospitals, factories, laun dries, etc. Because this regulator prevents overheated water, it- saves fuel and pro longs the life of valves and packings. Self-operating; easily installed. Of great durability, guaranteed accurate and posi: tive in action: In ordering, always give size of tank, steam pipe size, steam pressure, and tem perature wanted. The spring type regulator is commonly used .for this work, except in sizes larger than 4-inch, when the lever type is used. Smaller sizes will be furnished in lever type if preferred. The regulator will be furnished to operate at 160 deg. fahr., with adjust ability 20 deg. above and below that point, unless otherwise specified. Flexible connection tube is 6 ft. long for sizes 1^-inch and smaller; 8 ft. for 2-inch to 4-inch, inclusive; and 10 ft. for larger sizes. Additional lengths of tubing will be furnished at $1.00 per ft. A net charge of $2.00 is made for flexible tubing shorter than standard. The valve in all sizes is of the double seated balanced type. Companion flanges will be furnished, if desired, at market prices. Flanged valves will be drilled standard unless otherwise ordered. Specify standard valve for steam pres sures up to 100 lbs. and monel fitted valve for steam pressures above 100 lbs. Specifications in connection with the (steam heated) hot water storage tank, furnish and install Powers No- 11 Tank Regulator with (...... inch) standard (monel fitted) valve with standard length of flexible tubing. . Regulator shall maintain the temperature of the water at (...... deg.) with steam pressure at (........lbs.). Note--Where installation is to control steam ' coil and auxiliary coal burning heater, specify No. 12 Regulator with chains, pulleys, etc., for the control of dampers on auxiliary heater (see Bulletin No. 129). . For coal burning heaters without steam coils, use Powers No. 13 Regulator (see Bulletin No. 130). 491 The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment Hot and cold water should always come from the same original source, or at least be under substantially the same pressure. For best results, this pressure should not exceed 100 lbs. Use a pressure reducing valve if necessary. In ordering, state fully the purpose for which controller is to be used, with temperature required, and range of ad justment desired. Specifications In supply to group of showers (fixtures) in shower room (toilet or bathroom), furnish and install Powers Thermostatic Water Controller No. (.__ ...). placing it as close to fixtures as possible. . Note--Provide that plumber include stop valves in hot and cold water supplies. CAPACITIES No. 1--Individual shower, 15 gallons per minute...................... No. 3-- 4 shower heads. 25 gallons per minute........................ No. 4-- 8 shower heads, 50 gallons per minute........................ No. 5--15 shower heads, 80 gallons per minute........................ No. 6--20 shower heads. 100 gallons per minute........................ Capacities are based on 40 pounds water pressure. Connections, Inches Inlets Outlets 'Vi % 1 I'/a i'/i Va 1 l4 IV* 2 . Shipping Weight, Pounds 35 35 50 85 90 Price $100 125 150 175 185 satno. uaer sat trrru Sat A 6 C D L/ ' k 3 9 444 4 t ik el 7i 4 4 44 / '4 4 8ft 4 4 S ik 16 4 4 ii4G 2 4 4 FG -4 -4 -2 ? ti 9 If ROUGHING-IN DIMENSIONS Sizes 1,3,4 Other Power Specialties No. 18 Regulator for use with room, factory, and warehouse heating systems, residence heaters, railroad stations, low temperature drying systems, etc. An exceedingly sensitive and durable regu lator of the self-contained type for control of air temperatures between 60 and 100 deg. fahr.. where such control can be obtained by the operation of a single Valve governing the supply of heating medium. Also for control of heat dampers and gas valves. Bulletin No. 145. No. 10 Damper Regulator for the control of hot water heating apparatus in hotels, apartment buildings, etc., heated by hot water circulation. Bulletin No. 116. No. 15 Regulator, self-contained, for the con trol of drying rooms, dry kilns, ovens, etc. Bul letin No. 138. ' Dial Thermometers for air ducts.and hot water tanks. Accurate, easy to read, reasonably priced. Bulletins No. 140 and No. 155. Shower Mixing Valve.--Two remarkable fea tures found only in the Powers Shower Mixer make it superior to any other mixing valve made. They are a PRESSURE EQUALIZING VALVE and a SAFETY STOP. They prevent scalding and annoying temperature changes in shower baths caused by: (1) pressure changes in supply lines due to use of nearby showers, faucets and flush valves; (2) failure of cold water supply; (3) "dead ends" in hot water supply line. It saves fuel by eliminating waste of hot water and reduces decorating expenses by preventing steamed-up bathrooms. Bulletin No. 154. '* Steam Trap, J^-inch and H-*nch sizes only, for pressures from 5 lbs. to 125 lbs. Used on restaurant fixtures, hospital sterilizers, heating coils, cooking kettles, etc. Bigger capacity than any other trap its size. Acts quickly, doses tight. Gives 3 to 6 years of dependable service without replacement of thermostatic element. Bulletin No. 115. Hospital Sterilizer Control Valve--Makes sterilizer noiseless and saves steam. Bulletin No. 122. \ Thermostatic Steam and Water Mixer-- Automatically heats cold water with high pressure steam and delivers warm water at any temperature up to 120deg. fah'r. Bulletins No. 137 and No. 137-A. Style D Steam and Water Mixer--Small, non-thermostatic mixer; supplies warm water for wash sinks, shower baths, and processes requiring a low cost warm water supply. . Safe against scalding, easy to install, noiseless. Heats only the amount of water desired at the time. Capacity 10 gals, per min. with.40 lbs. pressure on supply lines. Bulletin No. 137-A. Pressure Reducing Valve for steam, air and water. ' Simple, durable, accurate. Bulletin No. 118. ` Complete set of bulletins describing the entire Powers line will be sent upon request. 492 The Powers Regulator Co. Temperature Control Equipment THE POWERS No. 11 TANK REGULATOR--Prices and Principal Dimensions Valve Size....................... List Price (Standard Valve). Dimension A.................... B.................. . C................... D.:............... E.................. F................... G.................. H................... I..................... . * * * * a Valve Size....................... $60 * $70 Brass 1 10 i 5 71/.- 2 2'/, . S'/S 29 Dimension A................................ B................... C................... D................... E................... G................... F................... H................... I.................... y. $65 $76 Brass 1 to 5 7% 2'/, 236 sy. 29" 3 $100 $130 Iron 1 18 5 9>A 3Va - 5% 9 29 1 iy. i'/i $70 $82 $75 $90 $80 $98 Brass 1 12 5 7% IX 6% 29 Brass 1 14 . * 5 v/. 1% 296 sy. 29 . Brass 1 J4 . . -5 , ' Wa 2 3% m 29 3>/i '4 5 $110 $145 Ranged Iron 1 20 5 8'A 4'4 $120 $160 Ranged Iron 1 20 5 8'/ 10% 8>/, . . 29 10% 9 29 $175 Ranged Wa 20 5% I3>/, 5 6% 12 10 29 2. .$90 ' $113 Iron 1 16 , 5 S'/a 2% 3* 8 29 6 $225 1% 20 sy. I3>/, sy. 8 13% II 29 m $95 $122 Iron 1 16 5 8% 3% 5% 9 29 8 $275 iy. 24 sy. I3>/, Wa 9 SB 29 Thermostatic Water Controller Warm Water Outlet I; or shower baths, singly or in gangs, continuous flowing baths, baby baths, hot water-line control,' lavatories,. factory washrooms, garages, laundries, and various industrial processes where- warm water at a constant temperature is required. This controller is accurate, dependable and reasonably priced. It mixes hot and cold water, and delivers warm water at the temperature for which it is adjusted. Entirely automatic in operation, and posi- tively scald-proof. Failure of cold water supply will instantly cut-off the delivery. Controllers can be furnished for any desired temperature between 70 and 135 deg. fahr. Provided with variable or locked adjustment, as .may be preferred. Unless otherwise specified, controller will be furnished with a maximum temperature of 110 deg. fahr. While extremely hot water may be needed for laundry or kitchen use, bath room fixtures, for the sake of economy and safety, should be supplied with water at a lower temperature. The Thermostatic Water Controller, installed in the hot water line, may be used to separate bath room service from the other. Controllers for this purpose should be so specified, and will be set to deliver at a maximum of 135 deg. fahr. For continuous flowing baths specify, downward discharge if wanted, otherwise upward discharge will be supplied. Controllers Nos. 1 to 4, inclusive, are made of brass, in either plain finish or full nickel-plate. Made in special metals if desired--prices on application. Con trollers Nos. 5 and 6 have iron bodies, aluminum paint finish, with bronze inner parts. All controllers are furnished with inlet check valves and removable filter screens. ' Temperature Regulation Honeywell Heating Specialties Company . Wabash, Indiana Manufacturers of Honeywell Temperature Regulators for Residential or other Heating Plants--Hot Water, Vapor, Steam, or Hot Air. Type R Automatic Thermostat Wall Plate Used on all Honeywell Thermostats The Honeywell Tem perature Regulator is an automatic device which opens and closes the dampers of the heater (any type) whenever the room temperature varies one degree from that for which the Regulator is set. . The Honeywell Tem perature Regulator has but two parts, the ther mostat and the motor. The thermostat is placed on an inside wall at some central location and elec trically controls the op eration of the motor, which is located near and connected to the heater. The automatic regula tion so effected insures a constant temperature, day and night, minimum fuel consumption and maximum comfort and health. The cost of op eration, even with the electric motor models, is negligible. The Regulator is made in three types, Gravity Motor, Spring Motor, and. Elec tric Motor; and nine models, three of each type. The first model of each type is equipped with plain thermostat, re quiring manual adjustment for day and night temperatures. The second model of each type is equipped with one-day clock pattern thermostat which auto matically brings the room temperature to the degree for which the Regulator is set, at any predetermined hour. The third model of each type is equipped with eightday automatic thermostat which auto matically regulates both the day and night temperatures, at any predetermined de gree and hour, without manual adjust ment of any kind. Gravity Motor Models Type G-Q, with Plain Pattern Thermostat, no clock.-.................... $38.00 Type G-6, with One-day clock pattern thermostat, semi-auto matic night-to-day temperature regulation.-................................... ...... 45.00 Type G-R, with 15-20 day Jewelled Balance Clock Thermostat, auto matic night-to-day temperature regulation...... ................................... -- 58.00 Spring Motor Models Type S-Q, with Plain Pattern Thermostat, no clock.----- ------.',,..,,$45.00 Type S-6, with One-day clock pattern thermostat, semi-auto matic night-to-day temperature regulation...... ....................................... 52.00 Type S-R, with 15-20 day Jewelled . Balance Clock Thermostat, auto matic night-to-day temperature regulation...... ....................... 65.00 Electric Motor Models Type D-Q, with Plain Pattern Thermostat, no clock.-................... $70.00 Type D-6, with One-day clock pattern thermostat, semi-auto matic night-to-day temperature regulation................... 77.00 Type D-R, with 15-20 day Jewelled Balance Clock Thermostat, auto matic night-to-day temperature regulation--.............. --...... --.............. 90.00 PRICES Including all wire, chain, pulleys, brackets, etc., necessary for installation. These prices are subject to trade dis counts. 494 New Type Electric Motor The Dole Valve Company 1923-1933 Carroll Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL. Manufacturers of a Complete Line of High Grade Radiator Valves and Automatic Air Valves DOLE SYPHON AIR VALVES Seating Pin--finely machined hard metal seating point, hydraulic pressed to perfect radius, preventing possibility of sticking or binding. Float--made of- light but strong annealed brass, rising when water enters the valve and positively prevents leakage. '- Diaphragm--made of special spring bronze, convex shape, corrugated. Expands with heat, contracts. back when cold, thus opening and closing valve automatically. Float Rest--one-piece, finely drawn brass, open oh four sides to permit water to drain through syphon. Firmly braced into base, forming strong, substantial rest for float. Venting Seat--heavy construction, threaded and brazed into valve casing, thus preventing possible injury to venting seat after valve is installed. Syphon Lock Collar--made of extra heavy brass, firmly brazed to syphon, preventing either accidental or in tentional removal of syphon from valve. Base--heavy drawn brass, threaded on interior to meet exterior thread on casing. Firmly braced on casing, to insure strength and durability. Inner Chamber of Float--contains exactly proper amount of thermostatic liquid,, which forms a powerful gas the instant steam ' comes in contact, ex panding diaphragm and closing valve against escape of steam or water. Syphon--made of one-piece annealed brass tubing, formed to perfect shape to fit inside of radiator column. As sembled into valve free from obstruc tion, thus permitting air valve to be attached to radiator syphon. Always hanging in proper position inside of radiator. 495 Voices, Systems, Boilers GENERAL OFFICES 96 Liberty Street NEW YORK CITY Manufacturers of High-Grade Heating Equipment for over Thirty-five Years Gorton Quarter Turn Packing Lock Radiator Supply Valve for all Systems of Heating. Made in Sizes from H in. to 1^ in. Gorton Packing Lock Modulating Valve No. 8 for two-pipe Vapor and Vacuum Heating Systems. Made in sizes from in. to in. All Gorton Valves can be furnished with lock-shield and key, extension stems, straightway pattern, with and without union, wheel and chain pull for overhead operation. The Packing Lock is patented and an exclusive feature with Gorton Valves. It is a superior type of packing and the Packing Lock Device will remain tight as long as the valve body lasts. N SINGLE PIPE VAPOR HEATING A Vapor System that anyone can afford, since it is economical to install and maintain while giving practical heating results equal to any system. Gorton Magazine Feed All Wrought Plate Tubular Heating Boilers Improved grates and welded seams mark the only; improvements necessary in over 40 years of use. The desien still marks the height of efficiency in heating boilers. Literature and Complete Data Gladly Furnished. Specify "Gorton" for Quality 496 Voices Jenkins Bros. Manufacturers of Valves and Mechanical Rubber Goods NRw'vm1V NEW YORK, N. Y. PRINCIPAL STORES AND OFFICES 5!fSTMCin3:" lNorth 7th Street 646 Washington Boulevard BOSTON. MASS. PHILADELPHIA, PA. CHICAGO, ILL. Factories in ELIZABETH, N. J. and BRIDGEPORT, CONN. JENKINS BROS., LIMITED Canadian Works and Head Office: Montreal. Que., 103 St. Remi Street _______________________London Office: 6 Great Queen Street, Kingsway, W. C. 2 Fig. 106. Bronze Globe, Screwed Fig. S6t,. Bronze Swing Check Valve Fig. t66. Bronze Radiator Angle, Screwed Fig. 167, Bronze Radiator Globe, with Union PRODUCTS Jenkin*Globe. Angle. Cross, Check. Hose. Blow-Off. Safety and Gate ' Valves: Radiator Supply Valves; Automatic Radiator Air Valves- Abo, Rapid Action Valves;-.Steam Trope: Gage Cocks: Marine Valves? Needle Valvee; Valve Discs; Jenkins '96 and Jenareo Sheet Packing, Gaskets, Pump Valves; Compressed Asbestos Jointing. Renewable Disc. Bronze and Iron Body Valves, Standard Patters Jenkins valves, standardpattern, all have a renewable disc which assures absolute tightness, and perfect seat contact. For steam use, the discs are made ofhard composition, which becomes pliable under the action of steam; for water, gas and air service, somewhat softer compounds are furnished. If grit or scale lodges on the seat it does not seriously injure the valve body, but becomes embedded in the composition disc, thus saving the valve scat. Discs worn out in service can be replaced easily and quickly ' at very little expense. All parts are standardised and perfectly inter changeable. Valves seldom wear out completely. - Fig. 170, Bronze Lock Shield Radiator Angle, with Union . ' Radiator Valves Jenkins globe and angle radiator valves are of the same pattern and con struction as the standard pattern valves. They are carefully made of asuperior grade of metal, and are unusually heavy and durable. Finished valves take a rich bronxe color when polished, making them particularly desirable for tbe finer grades of work. Regularly furnished with black composition wheels, or, if desirod, with, brass, wire or iron wheels. Fig. 170-G, Bronze Lock Shield Radiator Globe, with Union Lock shield valves, to be operated with key, designed to prevent tamp ering, can be supplied in all the different patterns. Comer valves are made in two patterns--regular and offset. Offset globe and corner valves have the inlet at the lowest point, to avoid trapping of water and hammer on first admission of steam. For hot water heating, valves may be had, without extra charge, with a small hole drilled through diaphragm to permit slight circulation of water through radiator. -. When specified for hot water heating systems uting forced circulation, valves are specially fitted for the service. Regular styles of finish follow: Rough body, finished trimihings. No. 1 screwed. No. 6 with union. Finished and polished all over, No. 2 screwed. No. 7 with union. Rough body, nickel-plated trimming*, No. 3 screwed. No. S withurnon Rough body, nickel-plated ail over, Na 4 screwed; No. 9 with union. Finished and nickel-plated all over, No. 5 screwed. No. 10 with union. Fig. 180. Bronze Offset Corner, Radiator with Union Catalog A catalog of all the Jenkins valves, giving uses, stylesandlist prices, mailed on request. Fig. SSL Bronze Radiator Gate, Screwed Fig. U&, Iron ,,Body Globe, Flanged 497 Fig. 166, Bronze Radiator Globe, Screwed Values Marsh Valve Company Plant and General Offices: DUNKIRK, NEW YORK Exclusive Sales Distributors: APPLETON & LIPTROTT, INC., 1480 Broadway, New York City Edward T. Iletherington, 1718 Samson Street, Philadelphia. Pa. John W. Mabbs, 431 S. Dearborn Street. Chicago. 111. United States Radiator Corporation, Jas. P. Marsh & Company. 118 S. Clinton Street. Chicago, ill. General Offices. Detroit. Mich. AU territory east of West lines of Michigan and Ohio and north of Virginia, except New York and Philadelphia AU territory south of Ohio River and west of Michigan and Ohio, except Cook County, Chicago, IiL We specialize on high-grade Radiator Valves and make the largest line of any company in the world. ' The re-enforced packless feature of our Packless and Modulated lines both steam and water and the upper seat features of our Union Bonnet. Special and Gate lines are distinctive.'scien- tlfic, mechanical principles, used with these lines exclusively. MARSH RE-ENFORCED PACKLESS RADIATOR VALVES Oval Wheel or Lock Shield All sizes and patterns Globes, Angles Corner and - Back Offsets Flat-Disc * 1 Fig. 1SS We call particular attention to the scientific mechanical construction of the Re-enforced Cone Metal Packless Feature of our Modulated and Packles3 Valves. These are the only Packless Valves in which the Packless feature is re-enforced or in any way protected against leakage due to wear or cracks of so-called Packless parts and are GUARANTEED against wear or defects of Packless construction and leakage through bonnets. '. . - QUICK OPENING A three-fourths turn will fully open a three-quarter inch valve, and from this up to one and one-quarter turns for balance of line through two inches. These valves, account of low pitch of thread due to large diameter of cylinder, will seal and lock against any pressure., MARSH RE-ENFORCED MODULATED LEVER HANDLE RADIATOR VALVES These Valves may be had with Oval Wheel in place of Lever Handle same as Fig. 139 Ftol-Disc ' Fig. 13} The Modulation or Graduation is accomplished by a double cone disc nut, regulating volume of steam, according to pressure, until indicator registers valve about two-thirds open, when lower cone on disc nut is brought into use and the further turning of lever handle until indicator registers open, will give full valve capacity; a feature of material value in a valve in which volume or capacity for modulating purposes is choked down, and to meet extreme weather.conditions, full pipe capacity is required. 498 Marsh Valve Company Valves> MARSH RE-ENFORCED PACKLESS CONE DISC RADIATOR VALVES: Oval Wheel or Lock Shield' Fig. 141 Marsh Cone Discs are without question the greatest improvement in radiator valve construction in the past fifty years or since the composition disc replacing the old style metal-to-metal disc and seat. This Cone Disc construction combined with the Marsh Re-enforced Packless Feature is the last word in completing radiator valve maximum efficiency at popular price, all of which will check 100 per cent true upon investigation. in. FtiU Size Positive Seal The above vjews showing cone disc and beveled seat are to actual size of a % in. valve and are made to full-size to show the following advantages of this construction over, the old style flat disc and seat; .' First: Through design of disc and protection afforded from disc nut covering under surface they will not warp and crack as will a flat disc which overhangs valve seat. 499 Marsh Valve Company Valves Second: The compression is at right angles to face of seat, forcing disc com pound inward to center, making disc more compact and harder instead of scoring and extruding over seat, opening cracks or seams if any, as with a flat disc. . Third: While the life of these cone discs because of construction, as proven by tests, is three to five times the life of a flat disc, and a CRACKED DISC IS IMPOS SIBLE, the matter of exchange if desired is very simple, as to remove disc nut the disc will drop from disc-holder, while with a flat disc- it must be dug out, often destroying disc-holder. Further, these cone discs are reversible and can be turned over or replaced with new at the same cost as for a flat disc. Fourth: The beveled seat is low in valve body, giving perfect drainage and will wash free from sand or scale in system, positively providing against leakage through scale or grit imbedding in disc AS IS COMMON with a raised flat seat and flat disc construction. Fifth: Through this low beveled seat, to return condensation through valve for a one-pipe system, the flow will hold to the outer wall leaving center of valve throat and pipe free rather than shoot out over a raised seat to the center of pipe as is common with a heavy flow over a flat seat, clogging flow of steam, causing hammer or pounding of system. The foregoing are all, each and every one, practical points which* will prove out in test and practice. Positively a better valve at a less cost than can be had from any other source. The Modulation feature of our Cone Disc Line is the same as with our union bonnet flat disc Figure 131. ` Our Cone Disc Modulated valves unless otherwise ordered are fitted with Oval Wheel, the same as our Graduated Water valve, Figure 139. ,, With our Oval Wheel Handle you have the same dial and indicator*control as with Lever handle and a much stronger and more serviceable CONSTRUCTION than is possible with a Wood wheel as this composition won't break or split as will wood. . . Further, this wheel is removable and interchangeable with our Lever handle, effecting a material advantage to customer in matter of convenience of changing from one to the other on job if for any reason change is desired. 500 Marsh Valve Company Valves MARSH RE-ENFORCED PACKLESS WATER RADIATOR VALVES Oval Wheel or Lock Shield A Genuine Pack less Water Valve Guaranteed to hold any pressure required for forced , circulation Packless Marsh re-enforced packless Hot Water Radiator Valves are not only a boon but the answer to hot water heating problems, permitting the same ease of operation and com plete temperature control as with steam. ' These hot water valves are quick opening, can be operated--opene.d and closed-- with perfect ease by a child and positively will not stick or leak. They will hold high pressure suitable for forced circulation up to any pressure radia tion will stand, and cost no more than the cheap competition valves. marsh re-enforced graduated water radiator valves Oval Wheel, Lever Handle or Lock Shield Water Graduated Fig. 1S9 SOMETHING ENTIRELY NEW IN WATER HEAT REGULATION We have made a special study of hot water heat regulation and control and are pioneers in -the matter of individual radiator control, through a graduated valve, em ploying the same principle as with steam. If you can modulate, graduate, or regulate individual radiator vapor or vacuum steam heat through a valve (and you can), then -why not by the same principle regulate water heat, and, for that matter more consistently than steam, as with water you have something to regulate, while with steam, to allow fire to drop below a given point, you have nothing. For sleeping rooms, heat regulation with the Marsh Graduated water valves may be controlled with the same ease of operation and certainty of results as is possible with a Modulated valve on a steam system, and at a much less cost than for a vapor or vacuum system installation. . Further, water circulation for each radiator, graduating for same or balancing of system, can be increased from nothing to full pipe capacity and held or locked at any intermediate point, if desired, by simply turning dial so that stop on same will register against indicator or pointer and locking dial in this position, preventing further opening of valve or turning of wheel or lever handle to the left. These valves cost but little more than our regular water valves and much less than steam modulated?valves. 501 Valves Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Gorp. 41 East 42nd Street NEW YORK CITY Factories ' '' Eastwood, Syracuse and Oswego, N. Y.; Huntingdon, Pa.; Zanesville, Ohio Baltimore Boston Brooklyn Cleveland . Branch Offices Detroit Jacksonville ' Newark New London New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh Savannah Syracuse . Worcester Radiator Valves, High Pressure Valves, Hot Water Valves, Hot Water Thermometers, Pressure and Altitude Gages Fig. 136. Angle Valve with Union _ (With Genuine Jenkins Bros. I>isc) A Newly Designed PIERCE PACKLESS VALVE for Vapor, Water or Steam This new addition to the Pierce Packless line of Radiator Valves made by the Pierce, Butler & Pierce Manufacturing Corporation, is an especially compact and pleasing pattern. It is generously pro portioned and embodies the best attainable in point of material and workmanship. Genuine Jenkins Brothers discs are used. . The handle is of the mushroom type made of Bakelite, beautifully pol ished, which is a perfect heat insulator, insuring'against discomfort in manipulat ing the valve. The body is sturdy in its proportions, and consequently is not likely to be injured or distorted in the process of installation. The nickel plating is un usually heavy and substantial. This pattern is made in the angle type only, both plain and with modulating dial and button, in sizes $o 2 in.; inclusive. 502 ii Ventilators The John Call Company VENTILATING SPECIALISTS 128 North Franklin Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES ROOF VENTILATORS AND WINDOW VENTILATORS "LIBERTY*"-- Products The Liberty Ventilator. A roof ventilator for any type building or enclosure, such as Schools, Hospitals, Foun dries, Barns, Churches, Armories, Residences and similar structures. Also highly efficient for increasing draft in chimneys, flues, stacks, etc. Back drafts impossible, regardless of wind conditions. Rain or snow cannot penetrate. No moving parts to rattle or require attention. Substantially and staunchly built' of any metal desired. Large stocks for prompt shipment. The Pul-Air Impingement Ventilator The Pul-Air Ventilator A. good practical roof ventilator of the mushroom type, consisting of a double cone top. Scientific storm band and im pingement band. Made in every size and of . any metal. Strongly built. Large stocks carried. Will not back draft; maximum of free areas. THE LIBERTY VENTILATOR LIBERTY VENTILATOR Good architectural lines and symmetry . ANATOMY OF LIBERTY VENTILATOR-- csahtoewoinugtspidoesitiwveindves.nturBi laacctkiona.rroWwhsitfeoualrroawirs bineidnig pulled out' Embraces all four principles of scientific ventilation:--1st, Impingement; 2nd, Positive and Negative sides of Ventilators; 3rd, Siphonage; 4th, Stack Action. A positive and complete venturi action. The Liberty Ventilator combines the principles of siphonage and air impingement. This in conjunction with the positive and negative sides of the ventilator creates a vacuum to which the air is naturally sucked regardless of the direction of the wind. Stack action, also, is so accommodated as to accelerate this movement. The free areas of the Liberty ventilator create no resistant constant. Send for copy of tests conducted by Carnegie Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mechanical and Engineering Data, Service Talks, Catalogues and Prices gladly sent on request. 503 X Ventilators American-Larson Ventilating Co. 324 Fourth Ave., PITTSBURGH, PA. Product: American-Larson Ro tary Suction Ventilators--proven, by competitive tests, to be the most efficient ven- fAMfcRLuinRj tilator on the market. >5" rotary| Efficiency: In a recent (Jan uary, 1923) test conducted by a disinterested party, more than 50 makes of ventilators were tested over a wide range of wind velocities and temperature differences with the result that the American-Larson Ventilator was shown to have the highest rating. Here are the reasons: The American-Larson Ventilator offers less re sistance to the passage of air than any other ven tilator. be it of the stationary or of the rotary type. The patented ejector tube effects air movement in direct ratio to wind velocities and temperature differences. Most ventilators do not function at all in wind only (no temperature difference) velocities below 3H miles per hour; furthermore, under tem perature differences as great as 30 deg. fahr., the efficiency of these ventilators actually decreases in gentle breeze up to 4 or 5 miles per hour velocity. Further proof of the efficiency of AmericanLarson Ventilators is furnished by a comparative test conducted by Professor Trinks of the Carnegie Institute of Technology of Pittsburgh, in 1921. The results are shown below: The official report of the Institute says, in part- "The comparison shows that the American: Larson is far superior to both 1LARSON . jx types at all wind velocities. At ) very low velocities of wind, it IvBntUOORSy still ventilates while the other m r types do not move any air. Simi larly. the American-Larson Ventilator utilizes wind to increase the effect of temperature differences, while in the other types a gentle breeze actually dimin ished the ventilating effect." Number and Size of Ventilators Required The air supply per person and per hour,, or the number of reversals of air contents per hour may be taken from the following table: Type of Room to be Ventilated Schools ................................. Number of Renewals of Air Contents per Hour 2 to 3 4 5 to 8 5 to 8 Restaurants....................................... 5to 10 8 to 12 8 to 12 10 to 12 IS to 20 lOto 12 5 to 6 To obtain effective, uniform ventilation and avoid local drafts, ventilators should be placed not more than 30 ft. apart; 20 ft. is a good average. It is best to locate them at the ridge unless the building exceeds 40 ft. in width, when two rows of smaller ventilators may be used. Where the build ing is surrounded by higher buildings, it is desirable to extend ventilators above them by mounting on stacks. Example Showing Method of Calculation-- In a building 100 ft. long. 35 ft. wide and 28 ft. average height the air is to be renewed 5 times per hour. How many and what size ventilators are required? , With a spacing of ventilators 20 ft. apart and 10 ft. from the ends, in one row along the ridge, 5 ventilators'are required. (100 x 35 x 28 ft.)X5 changes hr. s 98,000 cu.ft. 5 ventilators per hour to be exhausted by each ventilator. From the table of capacities of American-Larson ven tilators under average wind and temperature con ditions. the nearest size is 24-in. size. Requirements: Five 24-in. ventilators. . For specified conditions of height, temperature and wind, the capacity of the American-Larson ventilator is: . Q=A [3v/|ffEi!E+20xr] X " 18" Stationary Siphon Ventilator. V "18" Rotary Siphon Ventilator. Z = 18" American-Larson Suction Ventilator. where Q is cu. ft. of air exhausted per hour, through a ventilator having the throat area of A sq. in., mounted on a roof at a height of H ft. from the center of the ventilator outlet to the floor, and with a wind velocity of V miles per hour, and average temperatures tl inside, and l outside the building. The above is based on sufficient area of openings in the sides of the building for inlet of fresh air. 504 American-Larson Ventilating Co. Ventilators Suggested Form of Specification Note 1: (1) All ventilators shall be American-Larson Suction Ventilators, as manufactured by the Ameri can-Larson Ventilating Company, of Pittsburgh. Pa., and shall [shall notl be equipped with dampers. (2) The ventilators shall be made of {see Note 1) and shall be of the following gauges: Below 18-in. diam.. No. 24 gauge; 20 to 24-in. diam., No. 22 gauge; 30 to 48-in. diam.. No. 20 gauge; 54-in. diam., No. 18 gauge. (3) Where so indicated the ventilators shall be mounted on extension piping of sufficient height to raise ventilators above surrounding obstruction. (4) The ventilators shall be erected plumb and in a substantial manner. Where extension pipes are used' they shall be anchored to four points with heavy gauge guy wires. (5) Ventilators for - '-shall be equipped with fus ible links toclosedampersautomatically in case of Are. Material of Ventilator Dimensions, Gauges, Weights, Pric and Capacities ' Size (throat diam.), in. B in. C in. D in. E in. Iron gauge No. List price. damper List price. ventilators only Net weight. lb. Crate< weight lb. Average conservative discharge 5 miles velocity Uses of Ventilator 1. All purposes for which no acid or corrosive fumes pass; standard practice. 2. AU purposes for which long life ts desired, provided that no strong ado or alfcaFn? fumes pass. 3. For ventilating buildings or rooms ' from which acid or other corrosive fumes rise. 4. Same as No. 3: has longer life, but is more expensive. 5. Similar to copper, but a little cheaper. 8 27 10 10 10 24 $1.50 $20.00 10 34 13 12 12 24 2.15 20.00 12 41 (6 13 13 ` 24 2.90 30.00 14 48 18 17 1/ 24 3.30 35.00 16 55 21 20 20 24 3.80 40.00 18 62 24 21 21 24 4.30 45.00 20 69 26 25 25 22 4.80 50.00 24 83 32 30 30 22 5.60 60.00 30 104 40 38 38 20 7.15 75.00 36 125 48 46 46 20 9.30 110.00 40 139 53 51 51 20 11.50 140.00 48 167 64 61 61 20 17.00 170.00 54 187 72 63 63 18 20.00 220.00 60 208 80 76 76 18 25.00 300.00 66 229 88 84 84 18 35.00 375.00 12 76 11,550 18 35 17.820 26 46 24,800 a 32 57 34,960 a 39 70 46,200 a 49 85 58,410 a 68 92 115 145 71,940 103,620 a 146 206 161,700 a 225 325 232,890 a 282 412 287,760 a 390 560 412,500 . a 620 820 524,700 a 790 1025 646,800 a 930 1215 782,100 * Price* (object tojehange without notice. Discounts furnished on request. Vane firmly riveted to top I Vane reinforcement rods heav-| |ily galvanized| ISpindle attached to reinforcing plate (Heavy standing seams adding! I strength and rigidity ! (Steel center spiitdle coatedl I with rust resisting paint vents back-draft and makes ventilator stormproof and dustproof Unrestricted area permitting easy discharge minim. fric*n Mouth weather protected offering unrestricted area for exhaust Ejector tube an exclusive patented feature. The air cur rents passing,through create a suction that makes the most efficient ventilator Direction of outside air current] through the ejector | Axis of elector in line with ex-| haust which is always upward| Counterweight which gives!' ventilator perfect j Line of exhaust upwards of fering low resistance to upward draft (Graphite step bearing needs nol 1 lubrication or attention | 1Easily rotating design of spindle and ball bearing and [made of best materials Hard steel pivot point [Design of working parts in-l ' creases maximum effiri^nry [ (Noiseless pivoting--is fooL| Iproof and requires no attention! AMERICAN-LARSON SUCTION VENTILATOR (Patented) 5939 S. E.--2/2--17.5 505 Ventilators W. F. Hirschman Go., Inc. Le Roy, New York Manufacturers of EFFICO Rotary Ball Bearing (Oil Flooded) Roof Ventilators Product--Effico Fan Equipped Rotaht Ball Bearing (Oil Flooded) Roof Ventilators (Patented). Construction and Principle of Operation--The Emco rotating cowl exterior is covered by wind propelled blades; the interior by suction blades. There are no moving parts. The Effico shaft rotates on ball bearings, fitted with clock precision in solidly enclosed dust-tight and oil-tight housings, and is fiooded in inches of non-freexing oil (furnished by us); no oiling required for years (proven), and the Emco is absolutely noiseless. - Great Air Volume Exhaust at Low Wind--All Erncos will draw con siderable air at a 1-mile breese (an apparent calm) without stack or heat assistance. The 30-in. size will rotate (standing start) at 0.7-oz. pressure, Yi mile breeze. Cowl outlet is ova 50 per cent larger than its stack area which is ample, as no wind enters ventilator to gain the so-called siphonage effect. Suction fan is same size as rotating cowl (note dimension chart). Thus each Emco is equipped with fan over 50 per cent greater in diameter than its stack area. Fan pulls air up stack at even the slowest turning movement and wind blowing across the outlet adds to its efficiency. - Symmetry--The Effico has artistic lines and pleasing appearance. Lowest in height of rotary ventilators by over 50 per cent average. Note dimension chart. Weatherproofness--The Emco rotary ball-bearing ventilator operates daring all kinds of weather--rain, ice. snow or sleet does not affect or hamper its exhausting. 'No drip pans or bird screens are needed. Effico Standardized Ventilators Dimensions, In. A BC D Gage of Galvanized Net Cop- E Steel Weight Cowl Base Lb. per Oz. Code 6 10 44'h/2 5'/2 II 13 16 20'/? 26 26 26 26 10 18 14 Sheck 14 bachem 12 5 14 21% ?1 24 24 25 14 Scene 18 7 15'/2 27 23 24 10 25 42 30 24 24 24 24 38 95 16 Saturn 18 Shake Gage of A Dimensions, In. BC D E Galvanized ` Net Cop Steel Weight Cowl Base bb. per Oz. 30 12 27 36 12 31 42 19 37 48 19 40 54 19 44 60 19 48 66 25 53 72 30 57 84 30 58 % 30 63 52 32 62 - 32 68 43 76 43 86 43 98 43 103V? 49 114 54 130 54 153 60 22 22 22 22 22 20 20 20 18 18 20 140 20 18 180 24 18 300 24 18 370 24 18 525 24 18 650 18 700 18 750 16 900 16 1025 Code Sank Sergeant Serpent Serve bham bhawl Sunk Shop Slave Shekel Detoil of Emco Rotary Ball-Bearing Ventilator Capacities of Effico Rotary Ball Bearing Ventilators Cubic Feet of Air Exhousled Per Minute Wind Ve Temperature difference in degrees Fahrenheit in building and outside locity mi. per 0 | io | 20 | 30 0 | 10 j 20 | 30 0 | 10 j 20 | 30 hour 12-in. Ventilator 16-in. Ventilator 24-in. Ventilator 5 10 14 2951 3651 430 465 500 740 650 925 900 1325 1500 1590 342 43a 500 520 755 970 1070 1135 1325 1725 1900 2025 40CH S00{ 530 580 9W 108C 1160 1270 I600j 2000 2200 2300 30-in. Ventilator 36-in. Ventilator 42-in. Ventilator 5 14001 20801 2386 2600 2075 3000 3375 3650 2770 4090 4550| 4950 10 14 2I00| 2925 3050 3250 2960 3880 4275 4550 3975 5175 57(W 6000 2560| 3200[ 3175 3525 3645 4365 4750 4935 4900 6000 66001 6900 48-in. Ventilator 54-in. Ventilator 60-m. Ventilator . 5 10 14 36501 5300 6445 5300 7100 8050 6000 7600 8900 6500 8100 9200 4580 6600 7600! 8200 5700 8300 9400 10200 6625 8625 960010000 8280 10900 12000 12700 8000 10000 H000|ll600 10000 12600 13800 14500 72-in. Ventilator 84-in. Ventilator 5 8200 11800 13000 14800 11000 16300 16500 20000 "Effico" 10 14 11900 15500 17000 18300 16300 21600 23600 25000 14400 18000 19800 20800 19600 25000 27000 28500 The Highest De- ` veloped Ventilator . Above capacities are guaranteed and conservative. 1 hey are based on omciai test made at Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa., and a great many By ourselves on special and regular installations. 506 Ventilators The Iona Ventilator Company, Inc. 2821 W. Dauphin St. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Designers and Manufacturers of Ventilators for 20 years "XIT" and "IONA" Ventilators Adapted to Factories, Schools, Theatres. Hospitals. Public and Farm Buildings. "XIT" VENTILATORS Vent Size In. Out Gauge side Height Iron Dia. In. or In. Meta] Approx. Finished Weights Lbs. Gauge Cop* ORz". List Prices 6 10% SV. 26 5 16 $ 12.00 7 w, IUV, 26 6 16 14.00 8 14'/, 11 26 9 I6>4 12 26 10 16 13V, 24 12 2l'/z lift 24 14 25 16% 24 15 26'/, 17 24 16 28% 19/2 22 18 30 I9'/2 22 20 34 221/j 22 22 3/2 24 22 24 43 26 22 26 46 28 22 28 50 30 22 8 10 12 16 28 31 34 43 50 55 61 84 105 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 48 18 18 18 20 20 16.00 18.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 30.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 48.00 52.00 56.00 Four basic principles are incorporated In the de sign and construction of "XIT" Ventilators: 1. Largest area of vertical exits from head. 2. Greatest total exit area from head. 3. No external air can enter ventilator head. 4. Principle of action or 30 54 32 32 57 34 34 60 36 36 64 39/2 40 71V. 42 42 77 45 44 79 48 48 86 51 54 97 57 60 107 63 66 118 69 72 129 75 22 22 22 22 20 20 20 20 18 18 18 18 131 146 160 178 238 275 305 350 615 757 880 980 20 65.00 20 80.00 20 100.00 20 120.00 20 180.00 20 190;00 20 200.00 20 240.00 24 300.00 24 360.00 24 420.00 24 480.00 suction is like that of chimney or stack, which is EXHAUST DATA CARD OF "XIT" VENTILATORS doubled by a second or internal band, making two points of suction, always to the lee side of head thereby greatly increasing action Temp. Wind Inside Velocity and Mi. per Outside Hour 12 -. Cubic Feet of Air Through Ventilator per Hour 14 16 1$ 20 21 | 30 36 .40 | 48 through ventilator. Guaranteed exhaust and storm proof. Liberal discounts. .. Damper and base prices 70 70 70 70" 70" 3 5 10 15 20 20.546 27,783 24.460 33.075 54.244 46,305 47.941 64,827 67.117 90.757 36,352 45.960 43.27 54,714 60,53d 79.599 84.7SdlU.438 118.650(156.013 50.804 60,480 84.672 118,540 165.9561 81.8111127.008 97,036j 151.200 I25.85CM211.680 I76,19296,352 246.66d414.892 193.287 218.198 305.477 427.667 598.733 225792 326.044 268,8m 388.147 376.32CH 543.405 326,84 760.767 737,58a 1.065.073 on request. Increase in velocity of wind over five miles, increases exhaust 8 per cent per mile. Higher inside temperature increases exhaust 1 7*10 per cent per degree. - . In elevation over 25 feet, exhaust increase varies as square root of height. `IONA" VENTILATORS Vent Size In. Out Gauge side Height Iron Dia. In. or In. Metal Approx. Finished Weights Lbs. Gauge Cop e List Prices 6 10 8 I4'/j 10 18 12 21 (4 24 16 27 18 31 20 34 24 42 30 51 36 62 42 72 48 82 54 94 60 104 72 130 6 7 9 10 12 13 14 15 18 23 27 31 35 38 43 60 26 3 26 4 24 6 24 6 22 14 22 20 22 26 22 30 22 42 20 7520 118 18 182 18 275 18 300 18 335 18 630 16 $ 3.40 16 4.65 16 5.75 16 6.75 18 13.00 16 20.00 18 27.00 18 33.00 18 40.00 20 65.00 20 120:05" 20 190.00 20 240.00 24 300.00 24 360.00 24 480.00 507 Expansion Joints Mogul Machine Company WITHERSPOON BUILDING Philadelphia, Pa. MOGUL Double-End-Guided Expansion Joints THE ` `DOUBLE-END-CUIDED** PRINCIPLE x The Expansion Tube is guided into perfect alignment with the body of the expansion joint by two well-fitted bronze guides. They are described as the Piston-Guide and the Gland-Guide. The expansion tube, at any part of its traverse, is therefore concentrically guided and supported at both ends. All side thrusts or strains are borne by these two bronze guides, and the expansion tube "bridges" the packing. This construction eliminates all tendency to crush or to displace the packing or to partially guide the expansion tube against it. With the "double-end-guided" principle the packing performs its proper function. It packs the joint against leakage without excessive pressure of the packing against the sliding tube, and it will operate continuously without leakage. , The Piston-Guide is made of hard bronze, and is in the form of angular guides and grooves to reduce the mass of metal and the diametrical expansion; thus permitting a close sliding fit of the piston even when operating at high temperatures. The angular guiding surfaces overlap each other to prevent the possibility of wearing grooves in the bearing surfaces. The Gland-Guide is made of hard bronze, and is externally supported and concentrically guided. It performs the functions of a combination packing gland and a pipe^ guide. The greater part of the outside surface is exposed and air-cooled, and the inside bearing surface is lubricated. " PACKED WHILE THE LINE IS HOT The illustration shows how the MOGUL Double-End-Guided Expansion Joint may be packed promptly after the pressure is shut off and while the line is hot and in an expanded condition. ' When the piston-guided end of the expansion tube is at the extreme inner end of its traverse the outer, or flanged end extends well beyond the guide. The gland-guide, may therefore be completely withdrawn without interference with the coupling or pipe flange. This eliminates the necessity of waiting for the pipe line to cool and contract, often a matter of several days with the attendant interrupted service. TRAVERSE STOPS MOGUL Double-End-Guided Expansion Joints have heavy built-in Traverse Stops. The base-ring at the end of the packing chamber forms the forward traverse stop and the body flange, or yoke, is the rear stop. The travel or traverse of the expansion tube is limited between these stops. They are positive traverse stops. They cannot be weakened by corrosion or tampered with or misadjusted. The travel of the expansion tube is therefore limited by the piston-guide coming in contact with Uie.stops. This provides absolute protection against pulling the tube out of the joint and rupturing the pipe line. a . MOGUL Double-End-Guided Expansion Joints are made in all standard pipe sizes from 2 in. to 36 in., for saturated steam, superheated steam, and for all fluids, pressures and temperatures. Exterior View Packed While ike Line is Hot Complete Information, Dimensions and Prices Upon Request or Our Nearest Agent will Gladly 'Call 508 Index to Modern Equipment American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1925-26 AIR COCKS (See Cocks, Air) AIR CONDITIONING American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger. E. B., & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Engineering-Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. Grinneil Co., Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Midwest Air Filters, Inc. Nelson.'Herman, Corp. ' New York Blower Co. Reed Air Filter Cq.. Inc. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. AIR COOLERS Aerofin Corp. Lyon Products Co., Inc. AIR DIFFUSERS (See Diffusers. Air) AIR DRYING (See Drying Ap paratus) ' AIR ELIMINATORS (See Elimi nators. Air) AIR FILTERS (See Filters, Air) AIR PUMPS (See Pumps, Air) AIR TESTING INSTRUMENTS American Blower Co. Hill, E. Vernon, Co. AIR VALVES (See Valves. Air) AIR WASHERS American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge. Co. Call, John. Co. , Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Midwest Air Filters, Inc. New York Blower Co. . Reed Air Filter Co., Inc. Spray Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. AMMONIA COILS (See Coils. Ammonia) ASBESTOS AND INSULATING PRODUCTS American District Steam Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. National Radiator Co. Ric-wil Co. , ASBESTOS--Shei t Johns-Manville. Inc. * AUTOMATIC FURNACES (See Furnaces, Automatic) BAKING EQUIPMENT Drying Systems. Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. BLAST GATES (See Gates, Blast) BLOWERS--Centrifugal - ; American Blower Co. ' Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Nesbitt, John J., Inc. New York,Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Brothers Mfg. Co.- Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Fan . American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Clarage Fan Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Nesbitt, John J., Inc. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Forced Draft American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. Pressure American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Nash Engineering Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. Turbine American Blower Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. Ventilating * American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Iona Ventilator Co., Inc. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Nelson, Herman. Corp. New York Blower Co. - Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. BOILER -- Compounds (See Compounds, Boiler) Controllers (See Controllers) Coverings (See Asbestos and Insulating Products) Feeders McAlear Mfg. Co. McDonnell & Miller Feed Pumps (See Pumps) Headers (See Headers) Liquid O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. "X" Laboratories Protecting Devices Hoffman Specialty Co. McDonnell & Miller Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Trane Company. The U. S. Radiator Corp. '. Scale Remover (See Scale Re mover, Boiler) BOILERS--Heating (Coal Fired) Abendroth Bros. American Radiator Co. Ames Iron Works Bernhard Boiler Mfg. Co. Bigelow Company, The Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. ' Continental Heater Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co.. Inc. General Boilers Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. - Handon Boiler Corp. - Harrisburg Star Boiler Corp. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Lebanon Boiler Works National Radiator Co. Oil City Boiler Works Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Prox. Frank. Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Sims Company, The . Smith, H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. Titusville Iron Works XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. Utica Heater Co. Weil-McLain Co. Heating (Gas Fired) American Radiator Co. Ames Iron Works Bernhard Boiler Mfg. Co. Brownell Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co.'. Inc. General Boilers Co. Handon Boiler Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. Oil City Boiler Works Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Prox, Frank; Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Sims Company. The . Standard Heater Co. Titusville Iron Works U. S. Radiator Corp. Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. 509 Index to Modern Equipment Heating (Oil Fired) . COCKS--Air Control Equipment American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Ames Iron Works Mueller Co. Johnson Service Co. ..' Bernhard Boiler Mfg.'Co. Bigelow Company, -The 'Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp.' Caloroil Burner Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. General Boilers Co.Handon Boiler Corp. Harrisburg Star Boiler Corp. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Boiler Drain Mueller Co. ' Boiler Supply ` Mueller Co. . Cage Bishop & Babcock Co. Jenkins Bros. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. CONTROL SWITCHES (See Switches, Control) CONTROLLERS--Boiler Davis, G. M,, Regulator Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Sarco Co., Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Lebanon Boiler Works Oil City Boiler Works - Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. . Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. ProXi Frank, Co. . Richmond Radiator Co. Sims Company. The Smith, H. B.. Co. Standard Heater Co. - Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. Titusville Iron Works U. S. Radiator Corp. _ ' Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. Utica Heater Co. Weil-McLain Co. Tubular . ' Ames Iron Works Bigelow-Company, The Brownell Co. . Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Bumham Boiler Corp. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Harrisburg Star Boiler Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. Lebanon Boiler Works Oil City Boiler Works Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Sims Company, The - Standard Heater Co. '' Titusville Iron Works BRACKETS (See Hangers, Pipe and Radiator, and Radiator Brackets) COILS--Ammonia . Badger, E. B.. & Sons Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Blast Aerofin Corp. ' Lyon Products Co.. Inc. New York Blower Co. Rome-Turney Radiator Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Pipe American Blower Co. Badger. E. B., & Sons Bayley Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. . Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corpi Tank Badger, E. B., & Sons Kewanee Boiler Co. Sims Company,'The Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. COLLECTORS, DUST (See Dust Collectors) COLUMNS--Water American Radiator Co. Oil City Boiler Works Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Titusville Iron Works . Electric Heat American Radiator Co. Johnson Service Co. Powers Regulator Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Fan Engine Clarage Fan Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlcar Mfg. Co. Mueller Co.* - - Feed Water Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. McDonnell & Miller ' O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. ' Stickle.Steam Specialties Co. Taylor* Instrument Companies Motor American Radiator Co. Economy Machinery Co. Mason Regulator Co. Reliance Electric 8r Engineering Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Pump . Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. BURNERS--Oil (For Heating Boilers and Furnaces)' Automatic Burner Corp. Caloroil Burner Corp. COMPOUNDS--Boiler O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. "X" Laboratories Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. CALORIMETERS--Steam Ellison, Lewis M. COMPRESSORS Bishop & Babcock Co.. Nash Engineering Co. OE Specialty Mfg. Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Shower Bath . Mueller Co. Powers Regulator Co. Powers Regulator Co. Tank CEMENT--Asbestos (See Asbestos and Insulating Products) Fire Brick Sturtevant. B. F., Co. \ Trane Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. American Radiator Co. ' Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. ' Johns-Manville, Inc. ' CONDENSERS McAlear Mfg. Co. , . Powers Regulator Co. ' Pipe Joint Grinnell Co.. Inc.. Alberger Heater Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Sarco Co., Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties-'Co;-- Taylor Instrument Companies Johns-Manville, Inc. Water Proof Frank, O. E.. Heater & Engi neering Co., Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Temperature (See Temperature) Regulators, Johns-Manville, Inc. CENTRIFUGAL DRYERS (See Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. CONVEYING SYSTEMS (See Systems, Dust Collecting and Ex- haust) Drying Apparatus) CONDUIT--Underground . COOLING EQUIPMENT-- COAL SAVER Combustion Specialties Corp. Monarch Metal Products Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. American District Steam Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Ric-wil Co. Sharon, R. W., Co. " Building .- Atmospheric Conditioning Corp.Carrier Engineering Corp. Cooling & Air Conditioning Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. 510 Index to Modern Equipment COOLING TOWERS ' Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Spray Engineering Co. Cooling Ponds . Spray Engineering Co. ' COUPLINGS Mogul Machine Co. ' COVERING--Boiler (See Asbes tos and Insulating Products) . DUST COLLECTORS Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call. John, Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. . Midwest Air Filters, Inc. ' New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. DUST COUNTERS Hill, E. Vernon. Co. Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. New York Blower Co. . Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Wing, L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. EXPANSION JOINTS (See Joints, Expansion) ' FANS--Blower (See Blowers, Fan) Magnesia Johns-Manville, Inc. ' ` Booster DUST SEPARATORS (See Sep arators, Dust) Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Pipe and Tank American District Steam Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Ric-wil Co. DAMPER--Quadrants ELBOWS--Radiator American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. ' Burnham Boiler Corp. Fulton Co. , U. S. Radiator Corp. Exhaust American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Langenberg Mfg. Co. DAMPER REGULATORS ELECTRIC MOTORS (See Mo tors, Electric) Nelson, Herman. Corp. New York Blower Co. (See Regulators, Damper) DEIIUMIDIFYING APPARA TUS American Blower Co. . ELIMINATORS--Air American District Steam Co. - Badger, E. B.. & Sons Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc Sturtevant, B. F., Co. . . Westinghouse Electric 8t Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. f Buffalo Forge Co. Call. John. Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. ' Drying Systems. Inc. New York Blower Co. ' Reed Air Filter Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Spray Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. . Sturtevant, B. F., Co. DIFFUSERS--Air Call. John, Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. , Mouat Vapor Heating Co. ' New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros.. Mfg. Co. ' ' Sterling Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Trane Co. ENGINES--Fan American Blower Co. Ventilating American Blower Co. . Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. . Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. . Langenberg Mfg. Co. New York Blower Co. ` O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. . Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating 8c Ventilating Corp. American Metal Products Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. Brownell Co. FEEDERS (See Boiler Feeders). . Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Clarage Fan Co. Co. New York Blower Co. Lyon Products Co., Inc. . Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Boiler McDonnell 8c Miller Spray Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. DRAFT GAGES (See Cages, Draft) DRYING APPARATUS American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Steam (Automatic. High Speed, Throttling, Una-Flow, and Ver tical) American Blower Co. Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. Clarage Fan Co. ' Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Titusville Iron Works Water . McDonnell & Miller FILTERS--Air Bayley Mfg. Co. Call. John, Co. Dicing Systems, Inc. Midwest Air Filters, Inc. Nelson. Herman, Mfg. Co. Reed Air Filter Co.. Inc. Spray Engineering Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Cooling and Air Conditioning , EXHAUST haust) FANS (See Fans, Ex Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Water Corp. Drying Systems,-Inc. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. - Ug Electric Ventilating Co. . Langenberg Mfg. Co. _ Lebanon Boiler Works ' Moncrief Furnace Co. EXHAUST HEADS Buffalo Forge Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co.' Sims Company. The FIRE BRICK CEMENT (See. Ce- . ment. Fire Brick) . FITTINGS--Flanged American District Steam Co. New York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. EXHAUST SYSTEMS American Blower- Co. . Grinnell Co., Inc. Furnace Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Buffalo Forge Co. . International Heater Co. Call, John, Co. ' ' / ' Langenberg Mfg. Co. DUST COLLECTING SYSTEMS Carrier Engineering Corp. XXth Century Heating 8t (5 Systems. Dust Collecting) - Clarage Fan Co. Ventilating Co. ' -' 511 Index to Modern Equipment Pipe Steam Drying Systems. Inc. Grinnell Co.. Inc. International Heater Co. Union Grinnell Co., Inc. - American Radiator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. . Hoffman Specialty Co Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Reed Air Filter Co. Spray Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. GENERATORS--Electric . Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Honeywell Heating SpecialtiesCo. FOG ELIMINATORS Carrier Engineering Corp. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co.* Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co Reliance Electric & Engineering Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. FURNACES--Automatic Vacuum Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. Heat (See Boilers, Furnaces and Heaters) Hot-Water Detroit Stoker Co. New York Blower Co. Sanford Riley Stoker Co. Electric Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co-. Gaa Cox. Abram. Stove Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. . Hoffman Specialty CoIllinois Engineering Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co Water American Radiator Co Alberger Heater Co. . Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. D. & T. Mfg. Co. . Excelso Specialty Works. Inc. Frank, O. E., Heater & Engi neering Co.. Inc. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Ccx Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Vacuum Pipeless Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. National Radiator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. * Abendroth Brothers - Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Cox. Abram, Stove Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. International-Heater Co. - U. S. Radiator Corp. Langenberg Mfg. Co. GLASSES--Gage Moncrief Furnace Co. -.. New York Blower Co. XXth Century Heating.& Ventilating Co. Utica Heater Co. - GAS--Burners XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. Furnaces (5m Furnaces, Cos) O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. GOVERNORS--Condensation Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Warm Air Caloroil Burner Corp. Heaters--Room (5m Heaters,Gas) Trane Company, The Warren Webster & Co. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. Utica Heater Co. ' Heating Systems (See Heating Systems, Gas) Water Heaters Alberger Heater Co. Brownell Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Sims Company. The Pump (See Regulators, Pump) Vacuum (See Regulators. Vacuum) GRATES--Dumping Abendroth Bros. Brownell Co. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co.. Inc. Kewanee Boiler Co. GAGE--Boards Smith. H. B.p Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Oil City Boiler Works Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Warren Webster & Co. Cocks (See Cocks, Cage) Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. GASKETS--"Asbestos Jenkins Bros. Johns-Manville, Inc. ' Rocking Abendroth Bros. Brownell Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Oil City Boiler Works Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. Glasses (See Classes, Cage) Boiler Shaking Valves (See Valves, Cage> . GAGES--Draft Johns-Manville, Inc. Metallic . Johns-Manville, Inc. ' . Abendroth Bros. Brownell Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Oil City Boiler Works . ' Combustion Specialties Corp. Ellison, Lewis M. Higgin Mfg. Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Taylor Instrument Companies Warren Webster & Co. Compound . Rubber Jenkins Bros. Johns-Manville, Inc. GATES--Blast American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. ^ Titusville Iron Works Universal Smokeless Boiler Co.' GRILLES AND REGISTERS (Se, Registers and Grilles) HANGERS--Adjustable Pipe Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Buffalo Forge Co. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., Inc. Pressure Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Clarage Fan Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Grinnell Co.. Inc. . Smith, H. B., Co. Pipe . Grinnell Co., Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. GENERATOR COOLING Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. SYSTEMS . Healy-Ruff Co. - Kewanee Boiler Co. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. Taylor Instrument Companies American Blower Co. National Radiator Co. Trane Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co. - U. S. Radiator Corp. Buffalo Forge Co. Sharon. R. W., Co. Warren Webster 8c,Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. 512 Index to Modern Equipment Radiator Gas American Radiator Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. Cox, Abram. Stove Co. Gleockle. A. F., Jr. XXth Century Heating & Grinnell Co.. Inc. Ventilating Co. Healy-Ruff Co. Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. Hot Water Service Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co. Sharon. R. W.. Co. Smith. H. B., Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Abendroth Bros. Alberger Heater Co. American Radiator Co.. Brownell Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. HEADERS Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. Frank. O. E., Heater & Engi Alberger Heater Co. neering' Co., Inc. Bayley Mfg. Co. International Heater Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Kewanee Boiler Co. ` Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. HEAT INTERCHANGERS . Patterson-Kelley Co. American Blower Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying Systems. Inc. ' Frank. O. E., Heater & Engi neering Co., Inc. Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Prox, Frank, Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Sims Company. The Smith. H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Weil-McLain Co. . HEATERS--Air . Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Frank, O. E., Heater & Engi neering Co.. Inc. Nelson. Herman. Co. Nesbitt, John J.. Inc. New York Blower Co. Standard Heater Co. Sturtevant. B. F.. Co. Warren Webster & Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Automatic Hot Water Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co.. Caloroil Burner Corp. Excelso Specialty Works. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Mueller Co. Blast Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. ' Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Fan System Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Feed Water Alberger Heater Co. Brownell Co. Frank, O. E., Heater & Engi neering Co.. Inc. Patterson-Kelley Co. . Sims Company, The Stickle Steam Specialties .Co. Warren Webster & Co. - Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. .. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Indirect - Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. . Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co Buffalo Forge Co. Excelso Specialty Works. Inc. Handon Boiler Corp. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. ' Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co-, Inc. Smith, H. B.. Co. Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Industrial ' Bayley Mfg. Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Drying Systems, Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Lebanon Boiler Works Moncrief Furnace Co. Sims Company, The Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing, L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Instantaneous Hot Water Alberger Heater Co. American District Steam Co. Frank, O. E., Heater & Engi neering Co.. Inc. Patterson-Kelley Co. Powers Regulator Co. Sims Company, The Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Room Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. ' International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. . Moncrief Furnace Co. Tank . Abendroth Bros. . Alberger Heater Co. . Brownell Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. - Cox. Abram. Stove Co. Frank, O. E.. Heater & Engi neering Co., Inc. -/ Handon Boiler Corp. International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Prox. Frank, Co. . Reading Heater & Supply Co. Sims Company, The Smith. H. B.. Co. Standard Heater Co. Universal Smokeless Boiler Co. Weil-MtLain Co. Unit Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. . Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Lyon Products Co., Inc. Moncrief Furnace Co. Nelson, Herman. Corp. Nesbitt. John J., Inc. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Water (Incinerator) Alberger Heater Co. Handon Boiler Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. Lebanon Boiler Works Sims Company. The HEATING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS Abendroth. Bros. Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. ' American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Caloroil Burner Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. - Clarage Fan Co. Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Fitzgibbons Boiler Co.. Inc. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. - Grinnell Co.. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. . Marsh, Jas. P-. & Co. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. Nash Engineering Co. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Reed Air Filter Co. . Richmond Radiator Co. Savo Mfg. Co. Sharon, R. W., Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co. Smith. H. B., Co. Spray Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant, B. F,, Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Warren Webster & Co. Wing. L. J., Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corpi 513 Index to Modern Equipment HEATING SPECIALTIES Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. ' Bishop & Babcock Co. American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Caloroil Burner Corp. Combustion Specialties Corp. Davis. G. M.. Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgcrwood Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Handon Boiler Corp. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. McDonnell & Miller Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. Mason Regulator Co. ' Monash-Younker Co.. Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Nash Engineering Co. National Radiator Co. OE Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co.' Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Sarco Co., Inc. Savo Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. Young Pump Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Handon Boiler Co. . Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. International Heater Co. - Kewanee Boiler Co. Mueller Co. National Radiator Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Prox. Frank. Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. . Sharon, R. W., Co. ' Sims Company, The Smith, H. B-. Co. Standard Heater Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. .* York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Steam Abendroth Bros. American District Steam Co. Barnes & Jones Bayley Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. . Burnham Boiler Corp. Caloroil Burner Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cox, Abram. Stove Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Handon Boiler Corp. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. - Burnham Boiler Corp. % Caloroil Burner Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Go. . Dunham, C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. ' Hoffman Specialty Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Go. Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. Monash-Younker Co. Mueller Co. Nash Engineering Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Smith. H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. Sterling Engineering Co. . Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Steam (Vapor) . ' Abendroth Bros. American District Steam Co. Barnes & Jones .. Bishop & Babcock Co. Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Caloroil Burner Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. ' HEATING SYSTEMS--Gas Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, James P., & Co. Mueller Co. Nelson, Herman, Corp. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Savo Mfg. Co. Sharon, R. W.. Co. Standard Heater Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Trane Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. Warren Webster & Co. Illinois Engineering Co. International Heater Co. . Kewanee Boiler Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. . Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. ' National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. Richardson & Boynton Co. Richmond Radiator Co. Smith, H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Handon Boiler Corp. Hoffman Specialty Co. Illinois Engineering Co International Heater Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Monash-Younker Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Nelson, Herman, Corp. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H., Boiler Co. Smith, H. B.. Co. Standard Heater Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. Hot Blast Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. . XXth Century Heating & Aerofin Corp. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. . Steam (Exhaust) American District Steam Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Barnes & Jones - Clarage Fan Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Bishop & Babcock Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co.. Langenberg Mfg. Co. . Buffalo Forge Co. , Carrier Engineering Corp. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. Dunham. C. A., Co. Moncrief Furnace Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. New York Blower Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. _ Hoffman Specialty Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.,. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. ` Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Marsh. Jas. P.f & Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. \ XXth Century Heating & O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Ventilating Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. ' Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. . Smith, H. B., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Sterling Engineering Co. Hot Water . Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. Ventilating Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Warm-Air Buffalo Forge Co. Caloroil Burner Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cox, Abram, Stove Co. International Heater Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. Moncrief Furnace CoNew York Blower Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. HOT BLAST HEATING SYS TEMS (See Heating Systems, Hot ' Blast) ' Abendroth Bros. Warren Webster & Co. Barnes & Jones York Heating & Ventilating.Corp. HOT WATER CIRCULATING Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. . Steam (Vacuum) - . PUMPS (See Pumps, Circulating) Burnham Boiler Corp. Abendroth Bros. ' HOT WATER HEATERS. AUTO Cox, Abram, Stove. Co. Barnes & Jones . MATIC (See Healers, Automatic D. & T. Mfg. Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Hot Water) . 514 Index to Modern Equipment I HOT WATER HEATERS. IN Heat NOZZLES--Brine Spray STANTANEOUS (See Heaters, Instantaneous Hot Water) HOT WATER HEATERS. SERV ICE (See Heaters, Hot Water American District Steam Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Ric-wil Co. JOINTS--Expansion Atmospheric Conditioning Corp Badger. E. B., & Sons Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. : Spray Engineering Co. Service) Alberger Heater Co. Spray HOT WATER HEATING SYS TEMS (See Heating Systems, Hot Water) HUMIDIFIERS Badger, E. B,, & Sons Co. Fulton Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Mogul Machine Co. Sharon. R. W., Co. Warren Webster & Co. American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger, E. B.. & Sons Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Clarage Fan Co. ! American Blower Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Pipe Bayley Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Bishop & Babcock Co. KILNS. DRY Grinnell Co., Inc. New York Blower Co., Spray Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. - Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Johnson Service Co. Langenberg Mfg. Co. American Blower Co. OIL BURNERS Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Drying Systems, Inc. New York Blower Co- Automatic Burner Corp. Caloroil Burner Corp. ^ Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. . PACKING--Asbestos LIQUID. BOILER (See Boiler Liquid) Jenkins Bros. ` Johns-Manville. Inc. 1 Midwest Air Filters, Inc. MACHINES, REFRIGERATING New York Blower Co. New York Blower Co. Powers Regulator Co. Reed Air Filter Co. Savo Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Spray Engineering Co. Sturtevant,. B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. (Set Refrigerating Machinery) MAGNESIA PRODUCTS\Su As bestos and Insulating Products) MECHANICAL DRAFT APPARATUS American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Metallic Johns-Manville, Inc Rubber Jenkins Bros. Johns-Manville, Inc. PIPE--Bending HUMIDITY CONTROL Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. _ American Blower Co. Combustion Specialties Corp. Sharon, R. W,, Co. Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Go. Mason Regulator Co. Cast Iron . - Bishop & Babcock Co. New York Blower Co. Abendroth Bros. ; Carrier Engineering Corp. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. : Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp. . Taylor Instrument Companies Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. . Coils (See Coils, Pipe) Drying Systems, Inc. Covering (See Covering, Pipe and Grinnell Co., Inc. Johnson Service Co. METAL WEATHER STRIPS (See Weather Strips, Metal) Tank; also. Conduits) Klipfel Mfg. Co. Fittings - Midwest Air Filters. Inc. ' New York Blower Co. ' Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. METERS--Feed Water Johns-Manville. Inc. Sharon, R. W., Co. Abendroth Bros. American District Steam Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Savo Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co.. Inc. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. _ Taylor Instrument Companies Flow ` American District Steam Co. Spray Engineering Co. Steam Hangers (5e Hangers, Pipe) Joint Cement (See Cement, Pipe Joint) INCINERATORS. Hot Water ' American District Steam Co. (See Heaters, Water, Incinerator) Plugs (5m Plugs, Pipe) Water Wrought Iron and Steel INSTRUMENTS--Air Testing (See Aif Testing Instruments) Indicating . American District Steam Co. Combustion Specialties Corp. Ellison, Lewis M. Johns-Manville, Inc. ' Sharon. R. W., Co. _ Worthington Pump Machinery Corp. MICA Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. PIPELESS FURNACES (See Fur naces, Pipeless) . PITOT TUBES AND GAGES Hill, E. Vernon, Co. Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. Sarco Co., Inc. Taylor Instrument Companies Recording . American District Steam Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. &-Co. Taylor Instrument Companies INSULATING MATERIALS (See Asbestos and Insulating Products) Cold Johns-Manville, Inc. MOISTENERS. AIR (See Humidi fiers) - MOTOR CONTROLLERS (See Controllers, Motor) MOTORS--Electric Honeywell Heating Specialties Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Johnson Service Co. Reliance Electric & Engineering Co. Sturtevant. B. F-. Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Clarage Fan Co. Higgin Mfg. Co. Hill. E. Vernon, Co. PLATES--Floor Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. Grinnell'Co., Inc. National Radiator Co. . PLUGS--Fusible Grinnell Co., Inc. Pipe Grinnell Co.. Inc. 515 Index to Modern Equipment POWER PLANT SUPPLIES Buffalo Forge Co. Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A.. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co.Mason Regulator Co. Sharon, R. W., Co. Sturtevant, B. F.t Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. PRESSURE GAGES (See Ccges, Pressure) .' PROTECTORS--Radia tor Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. Trane Co. . Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Yeomans Brothers Co. Young Pump Co. Circulating Chicago Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. Trane Company Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Yeomans Brothers Co. Condensation Vacuum ' ^4 Buffalo Forge Co. . .. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co. ,. Economy Pumping Machinery' Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. ' Nash Engineering Co. ' : O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skidmore Corp, ' Trane Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Young Pump Co. RADIATOR--Air Valves (See Valves, Air) American Metal Products Corp. American Radiator Co. Fulton Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. PSYCHROMETERS Higgin Mfg. Co. Hill. E. Vernon, Co. Taylor Instrument Companies PUBLICATIONS .Heating & Ventilating Magazine Warren Webster & Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co. Economy Pumping.Machinery Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skidmore Corp. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Yeomans Brothers Co. Young Pump Co. Brackets American Radiator Co. . Continental Heater Corp. Gleockle, A. F., Jr. Grinnell Co., Inc. Handon Boiler Corp. Healy-Ruff Co. Hoffman Specialty Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Co. Sharon. R. W., Co. Smith. H. B., Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Electric York Heating & Ventilating Corp. PUMPS--Air Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co.* Economy Pumping Machinery Co. McAlear Mfg. Co.' Nash Engineering Co. * O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Sterling Engineering Co. . Trane Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery - Corp. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co." Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. . Nash Engineering Co. Skidmore Corp. Trane Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Yeomans Brothers Co.' Young Pump Co. Rotary Covers American Metal Products Co. American Radiator Co. - Reed Air Filter Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ELBOWS (See Elbows, Radiator) Hangers (See Hangers, Radiate?) Humidifiers (See Humidifiers) Return Line Valves (See Valves, Return Line) Automatic Electric Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery . Chicago Pump Co. * Co. . Economy Pumping Machinery Goulds Mfg. Co. Co. - ` Nash Engineering Co. Goulds Mfg. Co., The Worthington Pump & Machinery Nash Engineering Co. Corp. Trane Co. Westinghouse ElectricSc Mfg*. Co. Steam Worthington Pump & Machinery Buffalo Steam Pump Co. . ' Corp. Nash Engineering Co. Yeomans Brothers Co. ' Worthington Pump & Machinery Young Ihimp Co. Corp. Boiler Feed ' Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery ' Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Nash Engineering Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skidmore Corp. Trane Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. Yeomans Brothers Co. Young Pump Co. .` Centrifugal . Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. ' Sump . . Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Chicago Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. Nash Engineering Co. ' Trane Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. . Yeomans Brothers Co. Turbine Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Goulds Mfg. Co. , Nash Engineering Co. . . Trane Co. .* *- Westinghouse Electric 8tMfg/Co. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. . ` Yeomans Brothers Co. Shields (See Protectors, Radiator) Traps (See Traps, Radiator) Valves (See Valves, Radiator) RADIATORS--Fan System Aerofin Corp. Buffalo Forge Co. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Rome-Turney Radiator Co. Smith, H. B.t Co. . Hot Water '` Abendroth' Brothers Aerofin Corp. American Radiator Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. . Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Handon Boiler Corp. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H.,-Boiler Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Richmond Radiator Co. Rome-Turney Radiator Co. Smith, H. B., Cp. _ Sturtevant, B'.F., Co' [ U. S. Radiator Corp. ' Utica Heater Co. Weil-McLain Co. . York Heating & Ventilating Corp. 516 Index to Modern Equipment Steam Abendroth Brothers Aerofin Corp. American Radiator Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. . Continental Heater Corp. Handon Boiler Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page. Wm. H., Boiler Co. ' Pierce, Butler& Pierce Mfg. Corp. Richmond Radiator Co. Rome-Turney Radiator Co. Smith. H. B., Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Weil-McLain Co. Wall Abendroth Brothers American Radiator Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Continental Heater Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. National Radiator Co. Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Richmond Radiator Co. Smith. H. B., Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Utica Heater Co. Weil-McLain Co. RECEIVERS--Air D. & T. Mfg. Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Handon Boiler Corp. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Ktipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. . Mason Regulator Co. Mouat Vapor Heating" Co. - Mueller Co. .' National Radiator Co. Nelson. Herman Com. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. ' Sarco Co.. Inc. *" Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. Wing. L. J.,.Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Feed Water American Radiator Co. Jenkins Bros. . McAlear Mfg. Co. McDonnell & Miller Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Warren Webster & Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co., Inc. . Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. ` U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. Wing, L. J., Mfg. Co. Temperature American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. .Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. D. & T. Mig. Co. Fulton Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Sarco Co., Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. . Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies U. S. Radiator Corp. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Vacuum American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Kewanee Boiler Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sims Company. The Titusville Iron Works Trane Co. Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Ammonia Titusirille Iron Works Whitlock Coil Pipe Co. Condensation Humidity Carrier Engineering Corp. Johnson Service Co. ' Klipfel Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. _ Taylor Instrument Companies Pressure American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. Fulton Co. Hoffman Specialty Co. _ Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. ^ Economy Pumping Machinery. Co. Hoffman Specialty Co. Honeywell Heating Specialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Ktipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. Mueller Co. . National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co.. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Bishop & Babcock Co.. Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. . Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. Nash Engineering Co. Titusville Iron Works Trane Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. . Mason Regulator Co. Mueller Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. - Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Vapor American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. REFRIGERATING MACHINERY Carrier Engineering Corp. Worthington Pump & Machinery Corp. . ' REFRIGERATING SECTIONS American Radiator Co. Pump Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. - Economy Pumping Machinery Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. - Mason Regulator Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Nelson, Herman, Corp. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Trane Co. REGISTERS AND GRILLES Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co. . > Mueller Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Company, The U. S. Radiator Corp. Water American Radiator Co. Lyon Products Co.. Inc. Steam Bishop & Babcock Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. American Radiator Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. REGULATORS--Damper Bishop & Babcock. Co. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Fulton Co. ' HoneywellHeatingSpecialtiesCo. American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Carrier Engineering Corp. Dunham. C. A., Co. ' Fulton Co., The , Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. Jenkins Bros. Klipfel Mfg. Co. ' McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. Mueller Co. . 517 . Index to Modern Equipment Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Taylor Instrument Companies U. S. Radiator Corp. Water Level (See Controllers) REHEATERS--Air Aerofin Corp. Bayley Mfg. Co. . Buffalo Forge Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Lyon Products Co., Inc. New York Blower Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. RELAY SWITCHES {See Switches, ' Control and Relay) ROOF VENTILATORS (See Ven tilators, Roof) ROTARY DRYERS (See Drying Apparatus) ` SPECIALTIES. STEAM (See SUPPLIES--Power Plant (See Steam Specialties) ' Power Plant Supplies) SPRAY COOLING SYSTEMS Atmospheric Conditioning Corp. Badger, E. B., & Sons Co. . Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Grinnell Co.. Inc. New York Blower Co. Spray Engineering Co. . ' SPRAY NOZZLES (See Nossles, Spray) STEAM CALORIMETERS (See Calorimeters, Steam) STEAM ENGINES (See Engines, Steam) STEAM HEATING SYSTEMS (See Heating Systems, Steam) SUPPORTS (See Hangers. Pipe and Radiator) SWITCHES--Control-Relay Powers Regulator Co. Trane Co. , Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. SYSTEMS--Air Washing and Cooling (See Air Conditioning) Domestic Hot Water Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co. Caloroil Burner Corp. Cox, Abram. Stove Co. Excelso Specialty Works. Inc. HoneywellHeating SpecialtiesCo. International Heater Co. Sims Company, The Smith, H. B., Co. Standard Heater Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ROTARY HACK SAW TOOLS Excelso Specialty Works, Inc. SCALE REMOVER--Boiler O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. "X" Laboratories SCRUBBERS, AIR Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. SEPARATORS--Dust Bayley Mfg. Co.' Buffalo Forge Co. CaU.John. Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. New York Blower Co. Sims Company, The - Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Steam and Oil Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Patterson-KeHey Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Warren Webster & Co. SHEETS--Asbestos Johns-ManviUe. Inc. New York Blower Co. . ` SHIELDS (See Protectors, Radi ator) SHOWER BATH CONTROLLERS (See Controllers, Shower Bath) SLEEVES--Adjustable Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co. SMOKE CONSUMER Combustion Specialties Corp. Universal Smokeless Boiler.Co. SOFTENERS, WATER (5 Water Softeners) SPECIALTIES, HEATING (See Heating Specialties) SPECIALTIES--Sheet Metal Call. John. Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. STEAM SPECIALTIES Dust Collecting American District Steam Co. Barnes Si Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis. G. M.,`Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. Gorton & Lid^erwood Co. Hoffman Specialty Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johns-Manville. Inc. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg.-Co. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John, Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. ' Clarage Fan Co. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. New York Blower Co. ' Reed Air Filter Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. York Heating St Ventilating Corp. Marsh, Jas. P,, & Co. Mason Regulator Co. Exhaust (See Exhaust Systems) O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Hot Blast Sarco Co., Inc.. - Sharon, R. W., Co. Sims Company, The Stickle Steam Specialties Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Trane Co. - Warren Webster & Co. Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. . Langenberg Mfg. Co. STOKERS Lyon Products Co., Inc. Detroit Stoker Co. Riley Stoker Corp. . Sturtevant. B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. STRAINERS--Oil Moncrief Furnace Co. New York Blower Co. - O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sturtevant. B. F., Co. XXth Century Heating & Venti lating Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co'. Spray Cooling (See Spray Coding Systems) Mason Regulator Co. Mueller Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. . Sterling Engineering Co. Steam Temperature Control , American Blower Co. ' Bishop & Babcock Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Caloroil Burner Corp. -. Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. ' McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. Mueller Co. . Sarco Co., Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Water . Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Fulton Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johnson Service Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. . Mueller Co. Powers Regulator Co. Sterling Engineering Co. . Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. - Mason Regulator Co. ' Ven tila ring (See Ventilating Systerns) Mueller Co. Sarco Co., Inc. TANK--Colls (See Coils, Tank) Spray Engineering Co. ' Sterling Engineering Co. . Covering (See Covering, Pipe and Tank) 518 Index to Modern Equipment Heaters (See Heaters, Tank) . TRAPS--Blast Regulators American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co.' Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Fulton Co. Barnes & Jones Dunham, C. A.. Co. . Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Radiator Johnson Service Co. American District Steam Co.' Klipfel Mfg. Co. . Barnes & Jones McAlear Mfg. Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. ' Mason Regulator Co. . Dunham, C. A., Co. Mueller Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Powers Regulator Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Johns-ManviUe, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P,, & Co. TANKS--Blow-Off Economy Pumping Machinery Co. . Lebanon Boiler Works Co. Oil City Boiler Works Sims Company, The Titusville Iron Works Monash-Younker Co., Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. . Mueller Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co- Sarco Co., Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Cast Iron Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Bishop & Babcock Co. Warren Webster & Co. ' Economy Pumping Co. Machinery ' Return American Blower Co. Pressure Barnes & Jones Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. Harrisburg Star Boiler Corp. Kewanee Boiler Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. _ Lebanon Boiler Works Co. ' Oil City Boiler Works Sims Company. The . Titusville Iron Works '. Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham. C. A.^Co. ' Hoffman Specialty Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Storage . Sterling Engineering Co.. Ames Iron Works Brownell Co. Frank. O. E.t Heater & Engi . Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. neering Co. Harrisburg Star Boiler Corp. - Kewanee Boiler Co. Lebanon Boiler Works Co. Return (Siphon) Bishop & Babcock Co. Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. . National Radiator Co. . Oil City Boiler Works ' Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. Sims Company, The Titusville Iron Works . Steam American Blower Co. American District Steam Co. Barnes & Jones Bayley Mfg. Co. TEMPERATURE REGULA TORS (See Regulators. Tempera ture) Bishop & Babcock Co. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. THERMOMETERS " Illinois Engineering Co. American Radiator Co. Johns-Manville, Inc. i Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. . Hill. E. Vernon. Co. .. Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. ' National Radiator Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Klipfel Mfg. Co. . McAlear Mfg. Co.- . Marsh. Jas. P- & Co. Monash-Younker Co.. Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Patterson-Kelley Co. Powers Regulator Co. Reading Heater & Supply Co. Taylor Instrument Companies U. S. Radiator Corp. ' ' Sarco Co.. Inc. _ Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Sturtevant, B. F- Co. . THERMOSTATS U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Vacuum ' Burnham Boiler Corp. ' . ' American Blower Co. Fulton Co. . ,' American District Steam Co. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Johnson Service Co. Barnes & Jones ' Bishop & Babcock Co. - Klipfel Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A- Co. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Sarco Co., Inc. ' Illinois Engineering Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Johns-ManviUe. Inc. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. 519 McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P- & Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc.v O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. . Sarco Co- Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. : U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. TURBINES--Steam Sturtevant. B. F- Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J- Mfg. Co. TURBO-BLOWERS Buffalo Forge Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F- Co. Wing, L. J- Mfg. Co ' UNDERGROUND PIPE CON DUIT (See Conduits, Underground Pipe) . VACUUM--Cleaning Apparatus Buffalo Forge Co. Nash Engineering Co. . Sturtevant, B. F- Co. ' Dryers (See Drying Apparatus) Gages (See Cages, Vacuum) Heating Systems (S Heating Systems. Steam Vacuum) Pumps (See Pumps, Vacuum) Regulators (See Regulators, Vacuum) Specialties (See Healing Special ties) Traps (See Traps, Vacuum) VALVES--Air . American Radiator Co. . Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Davis, G. M- Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. ' Dunham. C. A- Co. Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. * Healy-Ruff Co. Hoffman Specialty Co- Inc. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Jenkins Bros. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh. Jas. P- & Co. Monash-Younker Co- Inc. Mueller Company ' National Radiator Co.. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Page, Wm. H.. Boiler Co. . Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. . , Smith, H. B- Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. ; Angle, Check and Globe American Radiator Co. Davis, G. M- Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. Grinnell Co- Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. ` McAlear Mfg. Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. ' U. S. Radiator Corp. k..s MOej^R Index to Modern Equipment Back-Pressure Bishop & Babcock Co. ^ Davis. G. M.P Regulator Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. ' Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. OE Specialty Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Blow-Off Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Jenkins Bros. Mueller Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Float Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. * Grinnell Co.. Inc.. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. Gage Bishop & Babcock Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. \J. S. Radiator Corp. Gate American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. Dole Valve Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Jenkins Bros. Marsh. Jas. P.. & Co. Marsh Valve Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Graduating American District Steam Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Dole Valve Co. Dunham. C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. Marsh Valve Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc.' Mouat Vapor Heating Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Hot Water American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Burnham Boiler Corp. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Honeywell HeatingSpecialtiesCo. Jenkins Bros. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. ' Marsh Valve Co. National Radiator Co. Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. U. S. Radiator Corp. Modulating Reducing American District-Steam Co. American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones ' Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Dole Valve Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. McAlear Mfg. Co. ' Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Marsh Valve Co. Monash-Younker Co.. Inc. American District Steam Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. ' Davis. G. M,, Regulator Co. Dunham, C. A.. Co. Fulton Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Mason Regulator Co. Mueller Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Regrinding Pierce. Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Sarco Co.. Inc. . Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Jenkins Bros. Relief U. S. Radiator Corp. Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. Warren Webster & Co. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. Packless McAlear Mfg. Co. Mueller Co. American District Steam Co. . American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Powers Regulator Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Titusville Iron Works Burnham Boiler Corp. Return Line Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. . Dunham. C. A.. Co. Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co.' Grinnell Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. . McAlear Mfg. Co. ' Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Marsh Valve Co. Monash-Younker Co.. Inc. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. ' National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Powers Regulator Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Trane Co. American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. Fulton Co. . Grinnell Co., Inc. ' Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Jenkins Bros. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P-, & Co. Mouat Vapor Heating Co. National Radiator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Safety Warren Webster & Co. American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. ' Radiator Burnham Boiler Corp. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. American District Steam Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. American Radiator Co. Jenkins Bros. Barnes & Jones ' Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Mueller Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. National Radiator Co. - Davis, G. M.. Regulator Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Dole Valve Co. . Titusville Iron Works Co. Dunham, C. A., Co. N U. S. Radiator Corp. . Fulton Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Steam Feed Grinnell Co., Inc. ` Grinnell Co., Inc. . Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Jenkins Bros. Honeywell HeatingSpecialties Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. - Illinois Engineering Co.* O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. International Heater Co. Jenkins Bros. . Thermostatic McAlear Mfg. Co. ' American Radiator Co. ' Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. . Barnes & Jones Mar?h Valve Co. Bishop & Babcock. Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. Dole Valve Co. . Mouat Vapor Heating Co. Dunham, C. A.. Co. National Radiator Co. Fulton Co. OE Specialty Mfg. Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. Hoffman Specialty Co. .Powers Regulator Co. . Illinois Engineering Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. Sterling Engineering Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. Trane Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. U. S. Radiator Corp. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Warren Webster & Co. Powers Regulator Co. 520 Index to Modern Equipment Sarco Co.. Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Taylor Instrument Companies Trane Co. Vacuum American Radiator Co. . Barnes & Jones Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Davis, G. M., Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. Dunham. C. A.. Co. ` Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co.. Inc. Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc. Illinois Engineering Co. Klipfel Mfg. Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. Marsh, Jas. P.. & Co. Marsh Valve Co. Monash-Younker Co., Inc. O-E Sp>ecialty Mfg. Co. Sarco Co.. Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Specialties Co. Titusville Iron Works Trane Co. U. S. Radiator Corp. Warren Webster & Co. Vapor American District Steam Co. American Radiator Co. Barnes & Jones. Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Davis. G. M., Regulator Co. Dole Valve Co. ` Dunham. C. A., Co. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. Grinnell Co., Inc. ' Hoffman Specialty Co. Illinois Engineering Co. McAlear Mfg. Co. ` Marsh. Jas. P., & Co. Marsh Valve Co. Monash-Younker. Co. Mouat Vaptor Heating Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sarco Co., Inc. Sterling Engineering Co. Stickle Steam Sp>ecialties Co. Trane Co. ' U. S. Radiator Corp. VAPOR HEATING SYSTEMS (See Heating Systems, Steam) (Vapor) VENTILATING--Blowers (See Blowers, Ventilating) Window Call, John, Co. Hirschman Co., W. F. Iona Ventilator Co.. Inc. Sturtevant, B. F.. Co. Fans (See Fans, Ventilating) Systems Aerofin Corp. American Blower Co. Bayley Mfg. Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Carrier Engineering Corp. Clarage Fan Co. Cooling and . Air Conditioning Corp. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co. Lyon Products Co., Inc. Midwest Air Filters. Inc. Moncrief Furnace Co. Nelson, Herman, Corp. Nesbitt, John J., Co. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co. Wing. L. J.. Mfg. Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. VENTILATORS--M ushroom VENTS--Air American Radiator Co. Bishop & Babcock Co. Burnham Boiler Corp. Call, John. Co. Dole Valve Co.. The Dunham, C. A.. Co. Fulton Co., The Higgin Mfg. Co. Hirschman Co., W. F. Hoffman Specialty Co.. Inc. Iona Ventilator Co., Inc. McAlear Mfg. Co. . Marsh, Jas. P., & Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Trane Co. WARM-AIR FURNACES (See Furnaces, Warm Air) WARM-AIR HEATING SYS TEMS (See Heating Systems, Warm Air) , WATER COLUMNS (See Columns, Water) > American Metal Products Co. American Blower Co. Call, John, Co. - Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co. New York Blower Co. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. Roof WATER GAGES (See Cages, Water) WATER FEEDERS (See Feeders, Water) WATER HEATERS (See Heaters, and Gas, Water Heaters) American-Larson Ventilating Co. Buffalo Forge Co. Call, John. Co. Hirschman Co., W. F. Ilg Electric Ventilating Co. Iona Ventilator Co., Inc. Johns-Manville. Inc. New York Blower Co. O-E Specialty Mfg. Co. Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., Inc. Sturtevant, B. F., Co. York Heating & Ventilating Corp. WATER METERS (See Meters, Water) WATER-PROOF CEMENT (See Cement. Water Proof) WEATHERSTRIPS--Metal Chamberlin Metal Weather.Strip Co. Higgin Mfg. Co. . Monarch Metal Products Co. 521 Index to Advertisers American Society o/ Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide 1925-26 Page Abendroth Bros., Port Chester, N. Y........................................ ........................ -............... 282 Aerofin Corp., Newark, N. J.... ...............--............................. -................................ 382--385 Alberger Heater Co., 281 Chicago St., Buffalo, N. Y.................................................-- 389 American Blower Co., Detroit, Mich--......... -..........................................-...................... - 362 American District Steam Co., N. Tonawanda, N. Y..................... -................ -............. 441 American-Larson Ventilating Co., Pittsburgh, Pa..----........................................ 504--505 American Metal Products Corp., 5837 Manchester Ave., St. Louis, Mo---------- 274--275 American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y........--.................. 283--287 Ames.Iron Works, Oswego, N. Y.... '.--..................................................................... 325-329 Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., Lafayette Bldg.,-Philadelphia, Pa.--............... 270-271 Automatic Burner Corp., 312 North May St., Chicago, 111.......................-................. . 352 E. B. Badger & Sons Co., 75 Pitts St., Boston, Mass--............................ ................. -- 360 Barnes & Jones, 5 Melrose St., Boston, Mass.......... --.............-................ --............- 442 Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Greenbush St., Milwaukee,. Wis--............................. .............. 363 . Bernhard Boiler Mfg. Co., 3161 East 61st St., Cleveland, Ohio.. .;....:........ -............. 288 Bigelow Co., New Haven, Conn....... ............ .................................'..........................-........-- 289 Bishop & Babcock Co., Cleveland, Ohio.......... .................-................. .................. -......... 443 The Brownell Co., Dayton, Ohio--.........................-............................................... -- 290-291 Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co., 952 East 72nd St., Cleveland, Ohio........ -............... 292-293 Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y.................-...............-...................... - 364 Buffalo Steam Pump Co., Buffalo, N. Y.._............................................ -...................- 422 Burnham Boiler Corp., Irvington, N. Y.....................................~............... ..................... 301 John Call Co., 122 N. Franklin St., Philadelphia, Pa............................... ..................... 503 Caloroil Burner Corp., 5 East 40th St., New York City............. .................... ...........- 353 Carrier Air Conditioning Co. of America, Buffalo, N. Y.................................... .......... 364 Carrier Engineering Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N. J......................-...... 272 Chamberlin Metal WeatherStripCo., Inc., 1644 Lafayette Blvd., Detroit, Mich 412--415 Chicago Pump Co., 2336 Wolfram St., Chicago, III........... ...........---........................ 423 , Clarage Fan Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.--...................................-................ -.................... -- 365 Combustion Specialties Corp., 250 West 54th St., New York City......... ..............-..... 444 Continental Heater Corp., Dunkirk, N. Y......................:.........-................ .............. 294-295 Cooling and Air Conditioning Corp., 31 Union Sq. W., New York City--............... 273 Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.-.;.......... 296-297 D. & T. Mfg. Co., 3001 La Salle St., St. Louis, Mo....... ..............................-............... 396 G. M. Davis Regulator Co., 407 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago, 111................. ................ 445 Detroit Stoker Co., General Motors Bldg., Detroit, Mich-- .............. -................. 482. Dole Valve Co., Chicago, 111.......................................... ................................................ ---- 495 Drying Systems, Inc., 11 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, 111.-...-............................ -- 358-359 C. A. Dunham Co., 230 E. Ohio St., Chicago, 111....................-............................... 446-449 Economy Pumping Machinery Co., 122 N. Curtis St., Chicago, 111--.............. 424--425 Lewis M. Ellison, 214 W. Kinzie St., Chicago, 111-------- -----:......... ................ --- - 356-357 Excelso Specialty Works, 119 Clinton St., Buffalo, N. Y--........... ................................ 390 Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co., 3748 East 71st St., Cleveland, Ohio................-.............. 438 Fitzgibbons Boiler Co., 47 West 42nd St., New York City.................................... 298-300 O. E. Frank Heater & Eng. Co., Inc., 20 Milburn St., Buffalo, N. Y..............-- 392--393 The Fulton Co., Knoxville, Tcnn............ .................... -........................ -................... 450-453 ' 522 ` Index to Advertisers . - Page General Boilers Co., Waukegan, 111................................. ;........,................................ 302-303 A. F. Gleockle, Jr., 415 Bay-St., Rochester, N. Y........................................................... 439 Gorton & Lidgerwood, 96 Liberty St., New York City................................................... 496 The Goulds Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y_______ :......................... ......................... 426-427 Grinnell Co., Inc., 275 W. Exchange St., Providence, R. I..:................................ 400-404 Handon Boiler Corp., 101 Park Ave., New York City.................................. _................ 304 Harrisburg Star Boiler Corp., 15 Park Row, New York City........................................ 305 Healy-Ruff Co., Minneapolis, Minn....................... 440 Heating & Ventilating Magazine,. 1123 Broadway, New York City.........................437 Henry Furnace & Foundry Co., Cleveland, Ohio............................................................. 372 Higgin Mfg. Co., Newport, Ky..,,................................. ;............;.............................. 416-417 E. Vernon Hill Co., 64 W. Randolph St., Chicago, 111............................... __.......;__ __ 405 W. F. Hirschman Co., Le Roy, N. Y...................................... ........................................... 505 Hoffman Specialty Co., Inc., 25 West 45th St., New York City................. ........ 454-463 Honeywell Heating Specialty Co., Wabash, Ind........................ .................................... 494 Ilg Electric Vent. Co., 2850 N. Crawford Ave., Chicago, 111....... :............................. 366 Illinois Engineering Co., 21st and Racine Aves., Chicago, 111............................. 464-465 International Heater Co., 101 Park Ave.,Utica, N. Y........................................... 306-310 Iona Ventilator Co., Inc., 2819 W. Dauphin St., Philadelphia, Pa........... 507 Jenkins Bros., 80 White St., New York City..-....... ..................... .................................. 497 Johns-Manville, Inc., 234 Madison Ave., New York City..................................... 408-411 Johnson Service Co., Milwaukee, Wis.... ...................... ....................... ............,........ 484-488 Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee, 111..................................................... ......................... 311--317 Klipfel Mfg. Co., 2651 W. Harrison St., Chicago, III................................. ............ 466--467 Knowles Mushroom Vent. Co., 202 Franklin St., New York City...................:_____ 276 Langenberg Mfg. Co., 4549 N. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Mo.......................................... 371 Lebanon Boiler Works, Lebanon, Pa..... ....................;................................. ..................... 313 Lyon Products Co.', Inc., 708 Union Trust Bldg., Chicago, 111...................;......... 386-387 McAlear Mfg. Co., 1901 S. Western Ave., Chicago, 111........ !........................................ 468 McDonnell & Miller, Wrigley Bldg., Chicago, III......................... .....;..........................;. 351 Jas. P. Marsh & Co., 118 S. Clinton St., Chicago, 111......................................... . 470-471 Marsh Valve Co., Dunkirk, N. Y........................................... ..................... ...;.......... 498-501 Mason Regulator Co.,.1190 Adams St., Boston, Mass....... -.......................................... 469 l^idwest Air Filters, Inc., 100 East 45th St., New York City...................................... 277 Mogul. Machine Co., Witherspoon Bldg., Philadelphia,.Pa.................... i............... . 508 Monarch Metal Products Co., 5020 Penrose St., St. Louis, Mo........................... 418-419 Mona$h-Younker Co., Inc., 553 W. Monroe St., Chicago, III...................... 472 Moncrief Furnace Co., 62 Hemphill Ave., Atlanta, Ga.............. 372 Mouat Vapor Heating Co., West Fourth St., Cleveland, Ohio........;......................... . 397 Mueller Co., Decatur, III................................................................... :.....'............................ 393 Nash Engineering Co., South Norwalk, Conn................................... ..................... ......... 428 National Radiator Co., Johnstown, Pa.;.................................. ....................... ......... 320-321 Herman Nelson Corp., Moline, 111.......................... ........................ ;.................................. 376 J. J. Nesbitt, Inc., 213.N. Vermont St., Atlantic City, N. J............................ 377-379 New York Biower Co., 2248 S. Halsted St., Chicago, 111...................... 367 523 Index to Advertisers : Page O-E Specialty Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis...:......................... ------......-..............-............... 473. Oil City Boiler Works, Oil City, Pa.._............. -......................................... -............ 322-323 Wm. H. Page Boiler Co., 58 West 40th St., New York City---..........................7--....... 319 Patterson-Kelley Co., 101 Park Ave., New York City....... ........................................... '391 Pierce, Butler & Pierce Corp\, 41 East 42hd St.,'New York City........................ 324, 502 Powers Regulator Co., 2715 Greenview.Ave., Chicago, 111......... ..................... ---- 489-493 Frank Prox Co., Terra Haute, Ind........... i...........................................--..............-.......... 330 Reading Heater Co., Reading, Pa....................................... ............1.............. -................... 399 Reed Air Filter Co., 202 Central Ave., Louisville, Ky--........ :...... .................-............ 278 Reliance Elec. & Eng. Co., Ivanhoe Road, Cleveland, Ohio....................................... - 420 Richardson & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Ave., New York City.--.................................. . 331 Richmond Radiator Co., 1480 Broadway, New York City..-...................... ......... 332-333 The Ric-wil Co., Union Trust Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.;................................................. 407 . Riley Stoker Corp.. 9 Neponsit St., Worcester, Mass--................................................. 483 Rome-Turney Radiator Co., Rome, N. Y--................................;................................... 388 Sarco Co., Inc., Woolworth Bldg., New York City................................................. 474-475 Savo Mfg. Co., Ill W. Monroe St., Chicago, 111--.......................................................... 280 R. W. Sharon Co., Pittsburgh, Pa..;.................................................................................... 391 The Sims Co., Erie, Pa-- ........ :......................................................................................... 340 Skidmore Corp., 1535 Dayton St., Chicago, III......-........1.......................................... - - 429 Skinner Bros. Mfg. Co., 1400 S. Vandeventer Ave., St. Louis, .Mo..................... 374-375 H. B. Smith Co., Westfield, Mass........................................... -.........:........................ 334-337 Spray Engineering Co., 60 High St., Boston, Mass--.................................................... 279 Standard Heater Co., Willamsport, Pa....................................................................... 338-339 The Sterling Engineering Co., 1634-44 Holton St., Milwaukee, Wis................... 476-477 Stickle Steam Specialty Co., 502 S. Penn St., Indianapolis. Ind.................................. 480 B. F. Sturtevant Co:, Damon St., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass--;.................................. 370 Taylor Instrument Companies, Rochester, N. Y............................................................ 406 Titusville Iron Works, Titusville, Pa--.............................................................................. 341 The Trane Co., La Crosse, Wis___ __ -........................... -........................ 430-433, 478-479 The XXth, Century H. & V. Co., Cor. Ira and Edison Aves., Akron, Ohio.............. 373 Universal Smokeless Boiler Co.,.Ravenna, Ohio.-...................................... ............. 346-347 U. S. Radiator Co., 133 E. Grand River Ave., Detroit, Mich--......................... 342-345 Utica Heater Co., Utica, N. Y..................................................................................... 348-349 Warren Webster & Co., 17th and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J...................................... 481 Weil-McLain Co., 641 W. Lake St., Chicago, 111--.......................................................... 350 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa....................... :....................... 421 Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., Hartford, Conn......................... ....................... .................. 394-395 L. J. Wing Mfg. Co., 663 Hudson St., New York City................................. ....... 368-369 Winslow Boiler & Engineering Co., 208 S. La Salle St., Chicago, 111................... 354r-355 Worthington Pump & Mch. Corp., 115 Broadway, New York City............................ 434 "X" Laboratories, 25 West 45th St., New York City.--................. ............................. 281 Yeomans Bros. Co;, 1433 Dayton St., Chicago, 111............-............................................. 435 York Heating & Ventilating Corp., 1502 Locust St., Phiadelphia, Pa................- 380-381 Young Pump Co., 230 E. Ohio St., Chicago, 111......... ..................................................... 436 524 Officers and Council American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 1925 President.................................................. ^....... .......................... S. E. Dibble, Pittsburgh, Pa: First Vice-President ,,.............. -................................Wm. H. Driscoll, New York, N. Y. . Second Vice-President............................ .................... --F. Paul Anderson, Pittsburgh, Pa. treasurer................................................................. -................................................. Perry West, Newark, N. J. Secretary.................. !................................... .................... F. C. Houghten, New York, N. Y. Council S. E. Dibble, Chairman Wm. H. Driscoll;:Vice-Chairman F. C. Houghten, Secretary, Homer Addams W. T. Jones , F. Paul Anderson Thornton Lewis W. H. Carrier J. A. Cutler . J. H. Walker Perry West , . W. E. Gillham A. C. Willard . Advisory Council Homer Addams, Chairman; Henry Adams, R. P. Bolton, H. P. Gant, John Gormly, : John F. Hale, H. M. Hart, E. Vernon Hill, J. D. Hoffman, S. A. Jellett, D: D. Kimball, J. H. Kinealy, S. R. Lewis, J. I. Lyle, J. R. McColl, D. M. Quay, C. L. Riley, C. B. J. Snyder, F. R. Still, W. S. Timmis. ' Committees of the Council Executive: William H. Driscoll, Chairman; Homer Addams, W. H. Carrier. Finance: Thornton Lewis, Chairman; J. A. Cutler, Perry West. j Membership: W. H. Carrier, Chairman; W. E. Gillham, W. T. Jones. i Publication:- A. C. Willard, Chairman; F. Paul Anderson, J. H. Walker. j:\ . Research Department \ ; Committee on. Research: Wm. H. Driscoll, Chairman; 0. P. Hood, Member ex-officio; ! F. Paul Anderson, Director of Research Laboratory. H. M. Hart, C. V. Haynes, J. I. Lyle, Perry West (3 years); Homer Addams, E. Vernon Hill, Alfred Kellogg, J. R. McColl, F. R. Still (2 years); S. E. Dibble, C. F. Eveleth, F. B. Howell, Thornton Lewis, W. S. Timmis (1 year). Nominating Committee: H. P. Gant, Chairman; Alfred Kellogg, J. H. Kitchen, G. C. , Morgan, M. F. Rather. Guide Publication Committee: 'Perry West, Chairman; J. E. Bolling, C. E. Eveleth, E. S. Hallett, L. A. Harding, C. V. Haynes, F. D. Mensing, J. F. Mclntire, L. C. Soule, A. C. Willard. , Committee on Chapter Relations: C. W..Farrar, Chairman; John Howatt, W. T. Jones; . F. D. Mensing, J. H. Walker. 2 Committees--1925 Committee on Code of Ethics: J. R. McColl, Chairman; H. M. Hart, Alfred Kellogg, Henry C. Meyer, Jr., S. A. Jellett. . Committee on Code for Testing Low Pressure Heating Boilers: H. W. Brooks, Chairman; Homer Addams, F. Paul Anderson, John Blizard, C. E. Bronson, F. B. Howell, J. F. Mclntire. . Committee on Chapter Suggestions: W. T. Jones, Chairman; C. W. Farrar, A. L. Sanford. Committee on Legislation: W. G. R. Braemer, Chairman; F. F. Bahnson, C. R Brad bury, S. A. Challman, Ralph T. Coe, F. I. Cooper, H. C. Eicher, H. H. Fielding, L. M. Frederick, S. R. Lewis, J. J. Mason* Wm. Mallis, H. M. Miller, J. G. Pease. Committee on Increase of Membership: C. V. Haynes, Chairman; C. W. Farrar, F. J. Friedman, F. H. Gaylord, E. F. Glore, C. P. Hackett, H. P. Kahn, H. E. Pursell, E. A. Stark, E. S. Storm, M. F. Thomas, J. F. Tuttle, K. Wright. Committee to Draft a Code for the Guidance of Membership Committees: Alfred Kellogg, Chairman; H. P. Gant, W. E. Gillham. f ). Committee on Revision of Constitution: E. V. Hill, Chairman; Homer .Addams, R. P. t Bolton, H. P. Gant, John Gormly, John F. Hale, H. M. Hart, J. D. Hoffman, S. A. i Jellett, D. D. Kimball, J. H. Kinealy, S; R. Lewis, J. I. Lyle, J. R. McColl, D. M. If Quay, C. L. Riley, C. B. J. Snyder, F. R. Still, W. S. Timmis. . Committee on School House Standards: . H. C. Eicher, Chairman; J. D. Cassell, F. I. Cooper, H. P. Dempsey, E. S. Hallett, John Howatt, S. R. Lewis. Committee on Pipe Sizes: J. B. Walker, Chairman. University Professors: ]-. E. Emswiler, F. E. Giesecke. Contracting Engineers: W. L. Fleisher, H. M. Hart. Consulting Engineers: R. V. Frost, W. R. Jones, W. S. Timmis. Manufacturers: J. A. Donnelly, C. E. Eveleth, C. V. Haynes'. Central Station Heating: J. C. Hobbs, J. H. Walker. . .. . Committee on Code of Heating & Ventilating: L. A. Harding, General Chairman. Sub-Com. I. Definition of Terms............ .............. ............................._F. Paul Anderson, Chm. Sub-Com. II. Ventilation Requirements for Public Buildings........... E. Vernon Hill, Chm. Sub-Com. III. Requirements for Heating Buildings.............................. __A. C. Willard. Chm. Sub-Cora.' IV. Direct Steam orHot-Water Radiation___ ______________ R. V. Frost, Chm. Sub-Cora. V. Indirect Steam or Hot-Water Radiation...............................L. C. Soule. Chm. Sub-Com. VI. Heating Boiler Capacity..................................................._.-J. F. Mclntire. Chm. . Sub-Com. VII. Warm-Air Furnace Heating......... _ ..............J. D. Hoffman, Chm. ' Sub-Com. VIII. Design of Chimneys and Flues.--...... ......................... ...... ..J. R. McColl, Chm. Sub-Cora. IX. Pipe Sizes for Steam Heating___ _______ J. A. Donnelly. Chm. Sub-Com. X. Pipe Sizes for Hot-Water Heating..................................... W. S. Timmis. Chm. Sub-Com. XI. Air Ducts for Ventilation......................................................... C. A. Booth. Chm. Sub-Cora. XII. Air Washers and Humidifiers___ ;_______ ____ ______ --.W. H. Carrier. Chm. Sub-Com. XIII. Pumps for Heating Systems-...... ............................... ............... Perry West, Chm. Sub-Com; XIV. Standard Symbols for Drawings.......................... .................J. H. Walker, Chm. Committee on Standards of Ventilation: W. H. Carrier, Chairman; F. R. Still', Vice Chairman; E. P. Bradley, Philip Drinker, F. R. Ellis,.E. S. Hallett, Thomas Chester, E. V. Hill, F. C. Houghten, John Howatt, J. R. McColl, R. R. Sayers, Perry West, A. C. Willard. Committee to Confer with American. Institute of Architects: Perry West, Chairman - D. fC. Boyd, S. A. Jellett, D. D. Kimball, S. R. Lewis, J. R. McColl, C. L. Riley, F. H. Willis. ', r Committee to.Confer with'A. S. M. E. Boiler Code Committee: W. S. Timmis, Chairman, Homer Addams, F. Paul Anderson, L. P. Breckenridge, James Doherty. H. M.-Hart. F. B. Howell, J. F. Mclntire. ' Committee to Confer with the International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts, Paris, France, June, 1925:. Henry S. Downe and Auguste Beaurrienne. ' Committee to Develop a Ventilation Safety Code under the Procedure, of the American Engineering Standards Committee: W. S. Timmis, Chairman; W. H. Carrier, E. V. JJill, F. C. Houghten, D. D. Kimball, J. R. McColl, R. R. Sayers, F. R. Still, A. C. Willard. 3 Officers of Local Chapters 1925-26 Cleveland ' Headquarters, Cleveland Meets: Second Friday in Month President, T. A. Weager . Rockefeller Bldg. Secretary, C. W. Colby 17th Street and Superior Ave., N. E. Colorado Headquarters, Denver Meets: Second Monday in Month President, L. A. Michael 414 Colfax Ave. Secretary, F. E. Price 1730 Blake Street - ' Illinois Headquarters. Chicago Meets: Second Monday in Month President'. Homer R. Link 816 S. Michigan Ave. ' Secretary, H. G. Thomas 549 W. Washington Blvd. - New York Headquarters. New York Meets: Third Monday in Month President, A. A. ADLER . 9 Murray Street Secretary, E. B. Johnson . 154 Wardwell Ave., W. New Brighton, S. I. Western New York Headquarters. Buffalo Meets: First Monday in Month , President, W. G. FraSRR 137 Arthur Street ' Secretary, RoSwbll Farnham 490 Broadway ' Ontario , Headquarters. Toronto. Can. Meets: Third Friday in Month . President, H. R. Flett 1088 King Street Secretary, M. W. Shears 53 Sylvan Ave. , Philadelphia Kansas City Headquarters, Kansas City. Mo. Meets: First Monday in Month President, Nate W. Downes 602 Finance Bldg. Secretary, R. B. Johnson 411 E. Tenth Street Massachussetts Headquarters. Boston President, E. A. Dussosoit 202 Harrison Ave. Secretary, J. W. Brinton 10 High Street Headquarters. Philadelphia Meets: Second Thursday in Month President, R. P. Schobnijahn Industrial Bldg., Tenth and Shipley Streets Wilmington, Del. Secretary, Frank R. Lord *y 245 Arch Street. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh Headquarters. Pittsburgh - Meets: Second Monday in Month President, J. E. McGinness 527 First Ave. ' . Secretary, Margaret Ingels A. S. H. & V. E. Laboratory rJJ. S. Bureau of Mines . ' Michigan Headquarters. Detroit Meets: First Monday after the 10th of the Month President, F. W. Johnson 693 Monroe Ave. . Secretary, N. B. Hubbard 1504 Broadway, Room 614 _ St. Louis . Headquarters. St. Louis Meets: Third Thursday in Month President, A. M. Lane 5020 Penrose Street Secretory, THOMAS J. C. Gale 4023 Shaw Ave. ' ' ' Minnesota Headquarters, Minneapolis Meets: Second Monday in Month President, A. M. Wagner 692 Prior Ave., N. . Secretary, E. B. Gordon. Jr. 1200 Second Ave.. S. Wisconsin ' Headquarters, Milwaukee / _ Meets;, Third Tuesday in Month President. F. E. Downey 613 Clyboum Street Secretary, C. J. Rice 1640 Holton Street ` ` . 4 Roll of Membership American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 1925-26 HONORARY MEMBERS BALDWIN, WM. J. (1915), New York, N. Y. (Deceased May 7, 1924.) BILLINGS, DR. J. S. (1896). New York, N. Y. (Deceased March 10, 1913.) GORMLY, JOHN (Charter Member), Norristown, Pa. ' . NEWTON, C. W. (Charter Member), Baltimore, Md. . (Deceased August 6, 1920.) LIST OF MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING Arranged Alphabetically--All Grades (Asterisk Indicates authorship of papers) ' (Junior 1916; Associate 1918; 1923) indicates, Elected Junior Member 1916; Elected Associate Member 1918; Elected Member 1923. (Pres. 1923) indicates. Elected President in 1923 and is now a Presidential Member. A ALGER, Richard W. (1911). Vice-Pres. and Geh. ABBOUD, Alfred (Junior 1924), Heat, and Vent. Engr., J. Gallivan Co., 153 N. Washington St., and (for mail) 21 Milford St., Boston. Mass. ABRAMS, Abraham Ounior 1924), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Berman-Rathe Corp., 4 St. Clair PI.. New York. N. Y. Mgr. (for mail) Marye. Alger & Alger, Archt.. 801-6 Walton Bldg., and 34 West 14th St.. Atlanta. Ga. ALLAN, Charles D. (1920), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 127 N. Dearborn St., and 4526 Dover St., Chicago. III. ALLEN, Harry D. (1917). Contractor (Heat, and ACHESON, Albert R. (1919), Prof, of Mech. Vent.) (for mail) Harry D. Allen. 2940 W. Lake Engr., Syracuse University.'and (for mail) 601 St., and 1640 N. Tuna Ave., Chicago, IU. Eckel Theatre Bldg., Syracuse. N. Y. ALLEN, LeRoy E. (1921), Dept. Mgr. (for mail) ADAMS, Benjamin (1919), Dist. Mgr. (for mall) American Blower Co.. 612 Otis Bldg.. Philadel phia. and 3006 W. Coulter St., Queen Lane Manor, Philadelphia, Pa. Grinnell Co., Inc., 512-14 Union Central Bldg., and 508 Terrace Ave.. Clifton, Cincinnati, O. ALLEN, W. Harwell (Junior 1910; 1911), Pres, (for mail) State Heat. & Power Co., 272 Walnut ADAMS,- Charles W. (1920). 1425 16th St.. St., and 1346 Goodbar PI., Memphis. Tenn. . Denver, Colo. ALLING, Harold W. (Junior 1917; Associate ADAMS, Henry (Charter Member: Pres. 1899). (Board of Managers 1894; Council 1895; 1898; . 2nd Vice-Pres. 1897), Consluting Engr. (for mail) 1263-69 Calvert Bldg., and 2038 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. 1925), Accountant and Engr. (for mail) Chirnside. Roberts & Langston, 170 Broadway, New York, N. Y., and 529 River St., Hoboken, N. J. ALLINSON, Orrie H. (1915), Jobstown. N. J. ALMIRALL, Juan A. (1897), Pres.. Almirall & ADAMS, Nell D. (Junior 1922; Associate 1925) Ellerbe & Co., 692 Endicott Bldg.. St. Paul, Minn. ADDAMS, Homer (Charter Member; Pres. 1924), (Treas. 1915-1922; 1st Vice-Pres. 1923) Pres, (for mail) Kewanee Boiler Co.. Inc., 47 West 42nd St., Co.. Inc., 66 W. Broadway. New York. N. Y. ALT, Harold L.* (1913), P. O. Box 1188. Shang hai, China. AMIRAL. J. H. (Junior 1923; Associate 1925), (for mail) Austin Engr. Co., 121 West 42nd St., New York. N. Y., and 2713 Voorhees Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. New York, N. Y., and 405 High St.,`Germantown. Philadelphia, Pa. ADDY, Edward (1923). Sup. Engr.. Bd. of Educa tion, 155 College St., and 128 Victor Ave., Toronto, Ont. .. ADDY, Robert,(1919), Plbg. and Heat. Ccmtr.. 7012 Fort St., W.. Detroit, Mich. ' ADLER, Alphonse A.* (1921), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 9 Murray St.. New York, N. Y., and 35 Stewart Ave., Arlington, N. J. ADRIANSE, Paul R. (1923), Sales Engr.. Buffalo Forge Co., 368 Kirby Bldg.. Cleveland, O. AMMERMAN, Charles R. (1916), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 925 Continental Bank Bldg., and 3908 Guilford Ave.. Indianapolis, Ind. AMSTEFN, Albert W. (1921). Autovent Fan & Blower Co.. 736 W. Monroe St., Chicago, 111. ANDERECG..R. H. (1920), Ch. Engr. and Mgr. of Pump Dept., Trane Co., and (for mail) 625 S. Eighth St., La Crosse. Wis.. ANDERSON. Carroll S. (1920), Branch Mgr., American Blower Co.. 405 Detwiler Bldg.. Los Angeles, and 5738 Franklin Ave., Hollywood. Calif. AHERN, Thos. L. (Junior 1923), Vice-Pres. (for ANDERSON, Claude A. (1916), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) J. F. Ahern Co., 70 S. Portland 8t.\ and 157 Sixth St., Fond du Lac, Wis. AHLFF, Albert A. (Associate 1918; 1923), U. S. mail) Ilg Electric Vent. Co., 325 Commercial Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, and 5025 Pulaski Ave., Germantown. Pa. Radiator Corp., Rm, 712-500 N. Dearborn St., and (for mail) 5627 N.' Campbell Ave., Chicago, in ANDERSON, Edward L. (1921). Asst. Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co., 526 Swetland Bldg., Cleveland, and Auraura St... Hudson. O. 5 Roll of Membership ANDERSON, F. Paul* (1921), (Council 1924), Director, Research Laboratory, A. S. H. & V. E., U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh. Pa. ANDERSON, S. A., Jr. (1909), Anderson Bros., 303 Fir St., and (for mail) P: O. Box 486, 908 N.- Ave.. I^a Grande, Ore. ANDREWS, Bernard R. (1919), (for mail) Andrews & Goodrich, Inc., 88 Broad St., Boston, and 49 Oak St., Braintree, Mass. . ANGELL, Winfield T. (1922), Dist. Heat. Engr. (for mail) Socony Burner Corp., 1130 Main St., Hartford, Conn. ANGUS, Harry H. (1918), Consulting Engr., 2 Bloor St., W., and (for mail) 32 Sidney St., Toronto, Ont.' ' ANGUS, Robert A. (1920), Service.Equipt. Engr. (for mail) Dwight P. Robinson & Co., Inc., 125 East 46th St., New York, and 19 Rich Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ARENBERG, Milton K. (Associate 1920), (for mail) Ilg Electric Vent. Co.. 324 W. Monroe St., and 5236 Ingieside Ave.. Chicago, 111. ARKLEY, L. M. (1922), Prof. Mech. Engr. (for mail) Queen's University, and 22 Kensington Ave., Kingston. Ont. ARMAGNAC, Arthur S. (Associate 1907; 1914), Editor. Heat, and Vent. Magazine, 1123 Broad* way, New York, N. Y., and 375 Upper Mountain . Ave., Upper Montclair, N. J. . ARMSPACH, Otto W* (1919), Mech. Engr. (for ' mail) E. Vernon Hill Co., 64 W. Randolph St., and Villa Park, Chicago, ill. ' ARNOLD, Robert S. (Junior 1922), Asst. Sales Mgr. (for mail) York Heat. & Vent. Corp., 1502 . Locust St., and 4700 Sansom St., Philadelphia. Pa. ARONWITS. Wilfred (Junior 1924; Associate 1925), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Leon Stern. Archt.,' - 1017 Commerce Bldg., and 1171 Park Ave., Rochester, N. Y. ARTHUR, Harry W. (Associate 1920), Mgr. Arthur Service Co.. Heating Engrs., 407 Empire Bldg.. Pittsburgh, Pa. ARTHUR, John M-, Jr. (1923), Industrial Engr.. Kansas City Power & Light Co.. Kansas City Mo. ASHLEY, Edward E., Jr. (1912), Starrett & Van Vleck, 8 West 40th St., New York. N. Y., and (for mail) P. O. Box 188, Norton Heights, Conn. ASTON, James (1919), Metallurgical Engr. (for mail) A. M. Byers Co., 235 Water St., Pittsburgh, and 50 Forest Ave., Ben Avon, Pa. ATKINSON, Henry G. (Junior 1921; Associate 1925), Czarnikow-Rionda Co.. 106 Wall St., New York, N. Y., and (for mail) P. O. Box 462, Closter, N. J. ATKINSON, R. E. (Junior 1923), Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 230 E. Ohio St., and 4508 N. Kilpatrick Ave., Chicago. 111. ATKINSON, Robert E. (1897), (Board of Gov ernors 1907), 6 Trafalgar Rd., Birkdale, South port, England. < ATWATER, Lyman W. (1923), Heat. Engr. (for mail) Wm. H. Curtin Mfg. Co., 331 Adams St., and 552 Rugby Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. AUSTIN. Frank L. (1914), Archt., 240 College St,, Burlington, Vt. AUSTIN, William E. (1909). Br. Mgr. (for mail) National Radiator Co., P. O. Box 1708, and 210 W. Graham Rd,, Richmond, Va. AYERS, A. E. (1921). Rautman Plbg. & Heat. Co., (for mail) 109 Jackson St., and 3437 Belvidere Ave., Seattle, Wash. . B BABBITT, Edward C. (1923), Engr. (for mail) Snyder, Babbitt & Mathews, 16 E. Broad St., and 1157 E. Mound St,, Columbus, O. BABBITT, Edward F. (1923), Engr. Snyder, ' Babbitt & Mathews. 16 E. Broad St. Columbus, O. BAGHLER, Harry C. (Junior 1921), Heat. Engr. ' (for mail) C- F. Bachler & Son, 139 North 4th St., and 836 Kenmore Rd., Philadelphia, Pa. BACHLER, Leonard J. (1918). Engr- (for mail) Rm.. 1800. 41 East 42nd St., and 55 West 49th St., New York, N. Y.' BACKUS, Theodore H. L. (1916), (for mail) Schumacker & Backus. 308 S. Main St., and 1018 Vaughn St., Ann Arbor, Mich. ' BAETZ, Henry (1919), (for mail) Skinner Bros. - Mfg. Co., Inc., 1424 S. Vandeventer St., and 5854 Etzel Ave., St. Louis, Mo. BAHNSON, Frederic F.* (1917), Ch. Engr.. The . Bahnson Co., and (for mail) Drawer G,, Salem Sta., Winston-Salem, N. C. . BAIER, Walter P. (Associate 1924), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Floral City Heater Co., 457-8 Penob- scott Bldg., and 1938 Lothrop Ave., .Detroit, Mich. . BAILEY, Edmund G. (Associate 1924). (for mail) H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts., and 2528 N. Gydentom St.. Philadelphia, Pa. BAILEY, Jos. H. (Junior 1923), Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark. N. J. ' BAILEY, Winfield, C. (1913). Sales Engr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co.. 15 West 34th St., New York, and P. O. Box 94, Milton-on-Hudson. N- Y. . BAIN, James G. (1920), Pres., Ideal Specialty Co;, Box 493, Helena, Mont. BAKER, E. E. (1910), Pres., Kewanee Boiler Co., Kewanee. 111. BAKER, Edward V. (1923). J. H. Olson. 4012 S. State St., and (for mail) 3654 Wentworth Ave., Chicago, III. BAKER, Harry W. H. (1918),.Sanitary & Heat. Engr. c/o J. Twyford St Co., 20 British Bund, Tientsin, China. BAKER, Howard C. (1921), Pres, (for mail) The Howard C. Baker Co., 213 Michigan St., and 15 Columbia St., Toledo, O. BAKER, Irving C. (1921), Dist. Engr., American Blower Co.. 614 Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. BAKER, Roland H. (Associate 1924), Pres., and Treas. (for mail) R. H. Baker Co.. Inc., 304 Main St., Cambridge, and 112 Porter St,, Melrose, Mass. ` . BALDWIN, William H. (1921), Sales Engr. (tor mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd., 229 College at., and 600 Windermere Ave., Toronto, Ont. BAMPTON, C. Morton (1919), Vice-Pres. and Mgr. Ideal Heat; Co., 915 Gates Ave.,- Brooklyn. N. Y. BARKER,-Arthur. H.* (1906), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 100 Victoria'St.. Westminster, London, S.W.l, and Oakhili House, Beckenham, Kent, England. BARNES, Arthur F. (1921), (for mail) Texas Engineering Co., 707 Electric Bldg., and 2403 Madison St., Houston, Tex. BARNES, Arthur R. (1924), W. E. Hulse&Co.. and 24 E. Sixth St., Hutchinson. Kan. BARR, George W. (1905), Asst. Gen. Sales Mgr., Hoffman Specialty Co.. 25 West 45th St., New York, and (for mail) 41 Janvrin Rd., Bronxville, N- Y. BARROWS, C. E.. (Associate 1921). Mgr. City Sates (for mail) Crane Co., 156 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago, and 114 Kedzie St., Evanston, 111. BARRY, Patrick I. (1920), Heat. Engr.. M. Barry & Co., 4\Marlboro St., and 2 Clarence Terrace, St. Luke's. Cork. Ireland. BARTH, Herbert E. (1920), Dist. Mgr- (for mail) American Blower Co.; 2539 Woodward Ave., and' 456 Webster Hall, Detroit, Mich. ' BARTLETT, Amos C. (1919), N. E. Dist. Mgr. (for mail) B. F. Sturtevant Co., 555 Massa- . chusetts Trust Bldg., Boston, and 10 Dunbarton Rd., Wollaston,' Mass. BARTLETT, C. Edwin (1922), Mgr., Bartlett & Co., Inc., 1938 Market St., Philadelphia, and 209 Creswell St., Ridley Park, Pa. BARTLETT, Clarence D. (1923), Estimator and Supt. Constr. (for mail). W. G.- Cornell Co., 153 Hudson St,, Newark, and 22 Davey St., Bloomfield. N. J.' BARTLEY, John S., Jr. (1924). Archt. (for mail) 903 L. & J. National Bank Bldg., and 608 Elm St., Waterloo, Iowa. ` BARTON, Royal Elton (1922), Engr., McLean & Cousins Co., Chandler and St. Charles Sts.. Boston, and 4 Lyman Terrace, Dorchester, Mass. 6 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 BARWICK, Thomas. (1920), Consulting Engr. BIRCH, Herbert A. (1922), Sales Engr., U. S. (for mail) Buchman & Kahn Archts., 49 West Radiator Corp.. 101 Park Ave., and 875 West 45th St., New York, N. Y., and 408 Rutland Ave.. 181st St.. New York, N. Y. West Englewood, N. J. BIRKHOLZ, H. E. (Associate 1925), National Air BASSLER, Edwin M. (1923), Gen. Mgr. (for Filter Co., 9 S. Clinton St., Chicago. 111. mail) D. J. Murray Mfg. Co., 1002-1024 Third BIRRELL, Allan Lloyd (Associate 1925), Engr. St., and 901 First St., Wausau, Wis. (for mail) Chapman & Oxley, 506 Harbor Com BASTEDO, Albert E. (1919), Vice-Pres. and . mission Bldg., and 201 Pacific Ave., Toronto, Treas. (for mail) Burnham Boiler Corp., Irving Canada. ton, and 12 Wilson PI., Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. ' BISHOP. Charles R. (1901). (Council 1916). VicePres. (for-mail) Caloroil Burner Corp.. 5 East BATEMAN, William H., Jr. (1921), Heat. Engr. 40th St., New York, and 413 Locust St., Lock- (for mail) C. J. Doyle, 2056 Pine St., and 2519 port. N. Y. South 19th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. BISHOP, Frederick R. (1921), Salesman and BAUM, Albert L. (1916), Consulting Engr.; Jaros Engr., Furnace Dept., Michigan Stove Co., & Baum, 116 West 39th St., and (for mail), 562 3306 E. Jefferson Ave., and. (for mail) 3247 West 113th St., New York, N. Y. Carter Ave., Detroit. Mich. ' BAXTER, Robt. A. (1923), Heat. Engr. and Sales BLACK, Edgar Newbold, 3rd (1922). Mgr. Rep. (for mail) Utica Heater Co.. P. O. Box 8, . Kewanee Boiler Co., Inc., 510 Real Est. Trust and 51 Watson PL, Utica, N. Y. Bldg., Broad and Chestnut Sts., and (for mail) BAYSE, Harry V. (1923), Pres., American Furnace 1533 Locust St,, Philadelphia. Pa. Co., 2725 Morgan-St., St. Louis, Mo. ' BLACK, Fred C. (1919), Mgr.. M. H. Crane BEAHM, Robert B., 2nd (1919). Treas., Eagan & Estate (for mail) 28 N. Desplaines St., and 4535 Beahm, Inc., 304-5-6 Stephen Girard Bldg., ' N. Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111. Philadelphia, and Haveiford, Pa. BLACK, George E. (1915), Factory Mgr.. H. H. BEATTY, David J. (1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr. . Robertson Co., Ambridge, and (for mail) 709 (for mail) Chas. Schneider Co., 492 East 163rd Broad St., Sewickley, Pa. St., N. Y,, and 1274 New York Ave., Brooklyn. BLACK, Harry G. (1917), P. Gormly Co. (for N. Y. , mail) 155 North 10th St., and 927 North 65th St., BEAURRIENNE, Auguste* (1912), Contr., and Philadelphia, Pa. Consulting Engr., 25 Rue des Marguettes, Paris, BLACK, John J. A. (Junior 1922; Associate 1925), 12th Air., France. . Vice-Pres. John Black & Son, 134 Prospect St.. BEEBE, Frederick E. W. (Associate 1915), Sales Trenton. N. J. Engr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co., 118 East BLACKHALL, Wllmot R. (1922), Sales Engr., 28th St.. New York, N. Y., and 543 Chilton St,, ' Gurney Foundry Co., Ltd., 500 King St., West., Elizabeth, N. J. and (for mail) 332 Waverly Rd., Toronto, Ont. BEECHER, Philip M. (1908), Mgr. Promotion of BLACKMAN, Alfred O. (1911), Supt. Power and Sales, Samuel Sloan & Co., 67 Exchange St.', and Plant (for mail) The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., 83 Yarmouth Rd.. Rochester, N. Y. and 48 Hillcrest Ave., Stamford. Conn. BEGGS, Douglas Ti (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Wm. BLACKMORE, F. H. (1923), U. S. Radiator Gordon Corp., 516 Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta,- Corp., Edwardsville, 111. and 612 W. College Ave., Decatur, Ga. BLACKMORE, George .C. (Charter Member), BENDER, Charles P. (1923), Gen. Mgr. (for mail) . 435 Maple Ave., Edgewood Park, Allegheny ' C.&J. Bender, 1734Flatbush Ave.,and2045East County, Pa. 19th St,, Brooklyn, N. Y. ' BLACKMORE, J. J.* (Charter Member), (Coun BENNITT, George E. (1918), Utilization Dept., cil 1896; Board of Governors 1904; Secretary . Consolidated Gas Co.. 130 East 15th St., New 1914, 1915), 32 West 40th St.. New York. N. Y. York, N. Y. BLADON, James B. (1909), Ch. Engr., Darling BENOIT, William E. (Associate 1919), Vice-Pres., Bros-, Ltd., Montreal. Que. (for mail) Gallaher & Speck, 219 W, Congress St., BLAIR, Wm. -B. (Associate 1923), c/o Taplin Chicago, and 225 S. Harvey Ave., Oak Park, 111. Furnace Co., 3006 First Ave., S., Minneapolis, BENTZ, Harry (1915), Pres, (for mail) Bentz Minn. " Engr. Corp., 661 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, BLANDING, George H. (1919), Sales Engr., and Montclair, N. J. Johnson Service Co., 1355 W. Washington- St., BERG, A. Herman (1919). Pres, (for mail) Berg Chicago, and (for mail) 729 Hayes Ave., Oak Heat. & Vent. Co., 752 Laura Ave., and 140 N. Park. 111. Stafford, Huntington Park, Calif. BLANEY, Charles A; (1914), Wheeler-Blaney Co., BERGER. Clyde D..(1922), Sup. Engr., Heat & 223 N. Burdick St., Kalamazoo, Mich. ' Power Corp., 30 Light St,, and (for mail) 2604 BLANKIN, Merrill F. (Junior 1919), Secy., Overland Ave.. Baltimore, Md. Haynes Selling Co., 1711 Sansom St., and (for BERGNER, William G. (Associate 1923), Heat. mail), 470 Lyceum Ave.. Roxborough, Philadel- Contr., Bergner Plbg., Heat. & Supply Co.. 1925 phia. Pa. ,. State St., and 2435 C St., Granite City, 111. BLEST, Frank S. (1923), Treas. (for mail) Blest BERMAN, Louis K. (1908), Secy., Raisler Heat. & Emery Co., Inc., 784 Coney Island Ave., and Co-, 129 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N. Y. 226 Argyle Rd., Brooklyn. N. Y. BEVERLEY, R.- Carter (1905), Pres, and Treas., BLIZARD, John* (1921), Research Engr., Power R. C. Beverley Heat. Co., Inc., 308 E. Main St., Specialty Co., Ill Broadway, New York, and and (for mail) 3812 Chamberlayne Ave., Rich mond, Va. 87 Davis Ave., West New Brighton. Staten Island. N. Y. BEYER, Jack E. (Junior 1924), Weiss Heat. & BLODGETT, .Will H. (Junior 1923), Salesman (for Plbg. Co-, 5604 Cedar Ave., and (for mail) 1317 mail) U. S. Radiator Corp,, 1412 West 12th St., - East 112th St., Cleveland, O. and 5429 Tillman Ave.. Kansas City, Mo. BIDWELL, Raymond E. (Associate 1924), Vice- BLOMFELDT, A. A. (1914), Br. Mgr. (for mail) Pres. (for mail) The Kellogg-Mackay Co., 2030 Ilg Elec. Vent. Co.. 901 Union Central Bldg., Walnut St., and 7310 Madison. Kansas City, Mo. Cincinnati, O., and 543 E. Fourth St., Newport, BIGGIN, Frank (1918), Mgr. (for mail) Heat. & Ky. Vent. Dept., Wicker Iron Works, Sheffield, and BLOOM, Samuel C. (1915), Vice-Pres. and Re 19 Rupert Rd., Sheffield, England. ' search Engr,, Atmospheric Conditioning Corp,, BINDER, Charles G. (1920), Mgr. Heat. Dept.. 1030 Monadnock Block, and (for mail) 1953 Warren Webster & Co., 17th and Federal Sts., East 72nd St.. Chicago. III. Camden, and (for mail) 115 Oak Terrace, BLOOM, William (1924). (for mail) Bloom Heat. Merchantville, N. J. Systems, 245 W. Broadway, New York, and BINDER, Irving (Junior 1920; 1922}, Engr. and 701 Ave. C, Brooklyn, N. Y. Estimator. Walker & Chambers. 222 East 41st BOALES, William G. (Associate 1923), Repr., St., and (for mail) 900 Riverside Dr., New York, N. Y. Hoffman Specialty Co., Webster-Hall, Detroit, Mich. . 7 Roll of Membership BOARDMAN, Wallace E. (1923), Heat, and BRADLEY, John T. (1908), (Board of Governor. Vent. Engr. (for mail) Stone fit Webster, Inc., 1911), Pres, (for mail) Bradley Heat Co.. 3834 147 Milk St., Boston, and 54 Pleasant St., Olive St., St. Louts, and 4 Yale Ave.. University Wakefield. Mass. - BOEDDNER, George (Associate 1923). Asst. City, Mo. _ BRADLEY, Royal H. (1915), Pres, and Treas.. Mgr., National Supply Co.. 1 St. Clair St., and Kelsey Heat. Co.. The Alhambra Bldg.. Syracuse. (for mail) 3005 Park Wood Ave.. Toledo. O. BOGATY, Herman S. (1921). Consulting Engr. N. Y. BRAEMER, William G. R. (1915), Consulting (for mail) Proctor & Schwartz. Inc.. Seventh and Tabor Rd.. and 5243 North 10th St.. Phila delphia, Pa. BOLLING. J. Eaten* (Junior 1918; 1921). Con Engr., 213 Warwick Rd., Haddonfield. N. J. BRANDELES, H. J. (1921), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) H. J. Brandeles Corp., 435 Lafayette St and 66 Prospect St- Utica, N. Y. sulting Engr., 1044 Catalpa Ave- Chicago, III. BOLSINGER, Raymon C. (1916). Secy, (for mail) BRASSINGTON, Arthur F. (Associate 1918). (for mail) 520-24 West 41st St- New York, and Fowler & Wolf Mfg. Co., 521 Bulletin Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa-, and 238 E. Madison Ave., Collingswood. N. J. BOLTON, Reginald Pelham* (1897; Pres. 1911), 337 Richmond Ave- Port Richmond, N- Y. BRAUN, Louis T. (1921). Secy- Chicago Master Steam Fitters Association, 1213 Chamber of Commerce, and (for mail) 1418 Jonquil Terrace, (Board of Gov. 1901; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1903; Chicago, I1L ' . ,,, 1st Vice-Pres. 1905-10; Board of Gov. 1912,1913) Pres, (for mail) The R. P. Bolton Co.. 116 East BRAY, Daniel S. (Associate 1920). Loral Mgr.. (for mail) Peerless Heater Co., 1235-45 St- Clair 19th St., and 638 West 158th St., New York, N. Y. BOON, George (1915), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. Ave., and 9925 Olivet Ave.,- Cleveland, O. BRECKENRIDGE, L. P. (1920). Prof..Mech. Engr. (Emeritus) Sheffield Scientific School, (for mail) Boon & Sample, Inc.. 3008-10 Ludlow* Yale University, New Haven, Conn., and (for St., and 6428 Morris Pk. Rd., Philadelphia. Pa. mail) The Brackens, North Ferrisburg, Vt. _ BOOTH, Charles A. (1917), Sales Mgr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., and 142 Summit Ave., BREDESON, Clarence R. (Junior 1921; Associate 1925). Salesman (for mail) American Radiator Buffalo, N. Y. BOOTH, Harry N. (Associate 1917; 1924), Mgr.. New York Br.. U. S. Radiator Corp.. 101 Park Co- Prior Ave. and Minnehaha St., St. Paul, ana. 53 Melbourne Ave- S. E., Minneapolis. Mmn. BREEN: Joseph W. (1916), Heat. Engr.. Wyal- Ave., New York, and 40 Mansuring Ave., Rye, using Ave. and Fallon St- and (for mail) 957 N. Y. BORNEMAN. Walter A. (Junior 1923; 1924). Sales Engr. (for mail) Carrier Engr. Corp., 2021 Fallon St., W. Philadelphia. Pa. , BREITENBACH, Walter J. (Junior 1923; Associ ate 1925), Designer and Estimator. Langenberg Land Title Bldg., and 4934 Boudinot St., Phila Mfg. Co- 4519-33 N. Euclid Ave- and (for mail) delphia. Pa. . BOSCHKE, Pranklyn G. (1925), Ull West 51st 1525a Mallinckrodt St- St. Louis. Mo. , BRENDER, Peter E. (1920). Engr.. c/o Albert St., Los Angeles, Calif. Kahn, Detroit, and (for mail) 1327 Geddes Ave- BOSTAIN, James C. (1923), Sales and Service Ann Arbor. Mich. _ Engr. (for mail) Williamson Heater Co., 337 W. . BRESNAHAN, James J. (1919), Pres, and Treas., Fifth St., Cincinnati, and 3910 Floral Ave., James J. Bresnahan, Inc- 37-41 Pearl St- and Norwood, O. 92 Ltnwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. BOSTWICK, Clinton G. (1924), Braman, Dow ' BRICKEY. Joel P. (Associate 1924). 665 S. Pearl & Co.. 239 Causeway St., Boston, Mass. St., Denver, Colo. _ BOSWIN, George A. (1917), Secy, (for mail) R. B. BRIDGES. Frank G. (1919). Heat. Engr-. Powers Hayward Co*. 1714 Sheffield Ave., and 902 Regulator Co.. 1863 Reyburn Rd,, Cleveland. O. Divereey Parkway. Chicago. 111. BRINTON. J. W. (1920). Mgr.. American Blower BOWDEN, Frank (Associate 1924). Chief Engr. Co- 10 High St., Boston. Mass. ,,^ and Instructor (for mail) Windsor fit Walkerville Tech. School, Giles Blvd., and 1609 Dougall Ave., BRODERICK. Jos. F. (Junior 1914; 1918). Thompson-Starrett Co- 245 Hunters Point Ave., Windsor, Ont. . Long Island City and (for mail) P. O. Box 388. BOWERS, A. F. (Associate 1919). Pres, and Treas. (for-mail) Industrial Heat, fit Eng. Co., 490 Springdale. Conn. ' _ BRONSON, Carlos E. (1919), Mech. Engr.. Broadway, and 607 Hackett Ave., Milwaukee. Wis. Kewanee Boiler Co- Kewanee, 111. _ BROOKS. Henry W. (1924), Consulting Engr.. BOWERS. J. S. (1921). Sales Engr. (for mail) ' (for mail) Fuller Lehigh Co- Fullerton. Lehigh Hoffman Specialty Co., 2525a W. St. Louis Ave., County, Pa. and 1300 McPherson Blvd- St. Louis. MoBOYD. D. Knlckerbacker* (1921). Otis Bldg., 112 Fremont, O. ,- BROOKS, T. C. (1923). Treas- T. C. Brooks Co- South 16th St., and Coronado Apts.. 22nd and and (for mail) 101 W. Dedham St.`, Boston, Mass. Chestnut Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa. BROWN, Aubrey, I. (1923), Ohio State Univer BOYD. William R. (Junior 1924). Heat. &iies sity. Columbus. O. __ ,, Engr. (for mail) Turner Supply Co., 8 W. Sixth BROWN. Edward R. (1920). (for mail) TheBrown St., and 702 East 19th St.. Chester, Pa. Co., 1053. Baltimore Ave- W., and 2290 La BOYDEN, Davis S.* (1909). (Council 1917). Supt. Steam Heat. Service Dept, (for mail) Mothe Ave- Detroit, Mich. , BROWN, Fred C; (Associate 1919), Supervisor of Edison Elec. 111. Co.. 39 Boylston St., Boston, Bldgs, (for mail) Bd. of Educ- 245 Ninth Ave., and 72 Gardner St., Allston, Mass. BOYLSTON, A- W. (1918), (for mail) Boylston N.. and 2425 Chicago Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. BROWN,-John H. (1920), Br; Mgr. (for. mad) Steam Spec. Co., 116 W.'IUinois St., Chicago, and 1521 Lake Ave., Wilmette, 111. Keasbey fit Mattison Co- 429 N. Washington Ave- and 3704 Blaisdell St- Minneapolis. Mmn. BOYLSTON, John (Associate 1906). Pres, (for BROWN, Stephen J. (Associate '1919), Pres., mail) Boylston Steam Specialty Co., 116 W. Globe Vent. Co- 205 River St- Troy. N. Y. Illinois St.. Chicago, and 1302 Chestnut Ave., BROWN, William H. (Associate 1923), Mgr. ' Wilmette, IU. Plbg. fit Heat. Dept.. C. E. Armstrong 8c Sons. BRADBURY, Clifford R. (1904), Supv. Archt's 238 Fifth Ave.. and (for mail) 710 Seventh Ave- Office, U. S. Treasury Dept., and (for mail) 1843 Clinton. la. Lamont St., N.W., Washington, D. C. BROWNE, Alfred L. (1923), Engr. and Sales Mgr.. BRADBURY, Geo. L. (1921). Mgr. (for mail) Illinois Eng. Co- 3514 Grand Central Terminal. Bradbury Bros. Heat. Co.. 1219. Stout St.^and New York, N. Y. 1254 Race St.. Denver, Colo. BROWNELL, Chester D. (1923), Mgr. and Engr BRADLEY, Eugene P.* (1906). Pres. Hester- (for mail) Reliable Plbg. & Heat. Co- 109 W. Bradley Co., 4200 Forest Pk. Blvd., St. Louis, University Ave- and 307 W. White St-- Cham- and 6935 Pershing Ave., University City, Mo. paigni. 111. 8 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 BRUEGGEMAN, Arthur R. (1920). Pres, (for "ail) The A. R. Brueggeman Co- Keith Bldg., and 17220 Aldersyde Drive, Shaker Heights, Cleveland, O. BRUNETT, Adrian L. (1923). Mech. Engr.. P. O. Box 16. Rockville, Md. BRUNNER, Herbert (1924), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 320 West 48th St., and 830 Seventh BYRNES, Thos. F. (Junior 1924: Associate 1925). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Baker Smith fit Co- 572 Greenwich St., New York. N. Y. (for mail) 42 Edson Ave.. Waterbury. Conn. BYSOM, Leslie L. (1915), Public Works Dept., Puget Sound Navy Yard, and (for mail) 618 Boston St., Bremerton, Wash. Ave., New York, N. Y. BRUNT, T. Bayard (1917), Ch. Engr. and Mgr., C Mechanical Equipment Co- 214 South 12th St.. Philadelphia. Pa- and 405 Eighth St- Riverton, N. J. BRUSMAN, Harry M. (1923), Heat, and Sanitary CADMUS, Raymond (1922),*Engr. and Estima tor, Johnston Heat. Co- 131 East 26th St- New York. N. Y., and (for mail) 11 Park Ave., Maple wood. N. J.' Cash Register Co- Dayton. O. BRYANT, Dr. Alice G.* (1921), 502 Beacon St.. . Boston, Mass. BRYANT, Percy J. (1915), Ch. Engr. (for mail) U. S. Military Academy. West Point, and New burgh, N. Y. BRYCE, Stephen D. (1921), (for mail) Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co- 415 Spitzer Bldg- and 2907 Rockwood PL, Toledo. O. BUCK, Mitchell S. (1922). Engr. (for mail) Vapor Hearing Co- 215 South 17th St., and 213 Rex Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. BUCKLEY, Roy B. (Associate 1924), (for mail) The American Cornice Works Co- 237-41 N. Waters St., and 161S. Belmont Ave-Wichita, Kan. BUDER, Charles G* (1919), Chief Engr. (for mail) Langenberg Mfg. Co- 4525 N. Euclid Aveand 1441 Hamilton Ave- St. Louis, Mo. BUEL, H. G. (Associate 1921), Vice-Pres., TiJghMoyer Co- 141 N. Ninth St., and (for mail) 2135 Chew St., Allentown, Pa. BUENGER, Albert* (Junior 1917. 192O) Mech. Engr., C. H. Johnston. Archt.. 715 Capital Bank CADWELL, William H. (1916), Pres, (for mail) The Beaton & Cadwell Mfg. Co- P. O. Box 1012, and 130 W. Main St., New Britain, Conn. CADZOW, William S. (1923), Mgr- Y. N. Welamb Co- 2313 Walnut St., and (for mail) 1812 W. Tioga St- Philadelphia, Pa. CALAHAN, John J. (1915). Supervising Engr. (for mail) Bd. of Education, Administration Bldg- 2 Harrison Ave- and 78 Bartholdi Ave., Jersey City. N. J. CALEB David* (1923), Engr., Kansas City Power fit Light Co.'(for mail) 1330 Grand Ave- and 141 Spruce St., Kansas City, Mo. CALLAHAN, Michael J. (1914), Pres, and Treas. Peerless Unit Ventilation Co- Skillman Ave. and Hulst St., Long Island City, N. Y. CALLAHAN, Thomas H. (Junior 1924), Pres, (for mail) Callahan Engr. Co., Inc- 20 Grove St and 74 Central Ave- White Plains, N. Y. CALVERT, Norman W.* (1921), Engr. of Steam Distribution (for mail) The Detroit Edison Co- 2000 Second Ave- and 3297 Clements AveDetroit. Mich. Bldg., and (for mail) 1666 Stanford Ave.. St. Paul, Minn. . BUENSOD, Alfred C. (1918). 'Sales Engr. (for mail) Carrier Engr. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., and 125 West 12th St- New York. N. Y. BULKELEY, Claude A. (1923). Sup. Mech. Exp. Engr. (for mail) E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co- CAMPBELL, Everett K.* (1920), Pres, and Treas., E. K. Campbell Heat. Co- 2445 Charlotte St and 3717 Harrison Blvd., Kansas City, Mo. CANTWELL, William T. (1920), Plbg. and Heat. Contr. (for mail) 306 Bleecker Sri. and 1302 Brinckerhoff Ave- Utica, N. Y. CARDER, Wm. W. (Associate 1923), Sales Engr., DuPont Bldg., and 1313 W. Eighth St.. Wilming ton. Del. Johnson Service Co- 200 Bona Alien BldgAtlanta, Ga. BUNNELL, Ercell W. (Junior 1923; 1924). Sales CAREY, Jeremiah J. (1923), Supr. of Plans, No. 2 Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- 1631-33 State House, Boston, Mass. Second Ave., N- and 812 Cotton Ave- Birming ham, Ala. CARNAHAN, Glen C. (1924), Peoples Gas Light . Bldg- 122 S. Michigan Ave- Chicago. 111. - BURCJER, John C. (1919). Contr. (for mail) CARPENTER, B. Harold (Charter Member). Gallaher & Speck. 219 W. Congress St., and 7201 (Board of Managers 1899; Board of Governors Champlain Ave- Chicago, 111. 1905), Pres, (for mail) B. G. Carpenter Co.. 508 BURNAP, Chas. W. (1922), Herman Nelson S. Main St- and 65 W. Union St- Wilkes-Barre, Corp.. 724 Commercial St., Emporia, Kan. Pa. BURNETT, Earle S. (1920), Mech. Engr.. Bureau CARPENTER, R. H. (1921). Mgr. (for mail) Nash of Mines. U. S. Helium Production Plant (for Eng. Co.. 350 Madison Ave.. New York, and 10 mail) Fort Worth P. O. Box 602, and 1628 * First St- White Plains, N. Y. Westmoreland PI.. Forth Worth. Tex. CARR, Clifford H. (Associate 1924), Pres, (for BURNS, Edward J. (1923), Supt. (for mail) H. mail) C. H. Carr Machinery Co- 411 Mutual Kelly fit Co., 925 Plymouth Bldg., and 4716 Bldg- and 5108 Main St- Kansas City. Mo. Aldrich Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. CARRIER, Willis H.* (igi3). (Council 1923-1924), BURNS, Willard A. (1924), Collins 8c Burns Co- Pres., Carrier Eng. Corp- 750 Frelinghuysen 1728 Farwell Ave- Chicago. 111. Ave- Newark, and (for mail) Rensselaer Rd.; BURR, Ralph J. (Associate 1919), Heat. Contr., Essex Felts, N. J. Standish, Mich. BURRITT, Charles. G. (Associate 1916), Mgr., Johnson Service Co. (for mail) 922 Second Ave. ,, and 1425 La Salle Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. BURT, John E. (Associate 1924). J. E. Burt fit Son, 2442 South 16th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. BUTTON, Clarence A. (1919), Mgr., Kewanee Boiler Co.; 2020 Wyandotte St., and 3534 CARROLL, W. J. (Associate 1925), 'Kewanee Boiler Co.. 402J Michigan Trust Bldg- and (for mail) 339 Burton St., S. E., Grand Raipds, Mich. CARRUTHERS, Keith L. (Junior 1923; Associate .1925), Dept. Mgr. (for mail) Gurney Foundry Co., 500 King St- W- ami 603 Huron St., Toronto, Ont. Virginia Ave- Kansas City, Mo. CARSTEN, W. H. (1923). Pres, and Mgr. (for BUSHNELL, Carl D. (Associate 1921). Pres, mail) Majestic Furnace & Mfg. Co- Inc., 600 (for mail) Bushnell Machinery Co. 206 Wood St.. Pittsburgh, and 94 Pilgrim Rd- Rosslyn Farms, Terry Ave- N- and 102 W. Canal St- Seattle. Wash. . . Carnegie. Pa. . CARSTENS, Emil (Junior 1922; Associate 1925). BUTLER, Charles (1920), 108K W. Second St.. H. B. Smith Co- 17th and Arch Sts- and (for Oklahoma City, Okla. . mail) 512 W. Comall St- Philadelphia. Pa. BUTLER, Peter.D. (1922), Salesman, U. S. Rad. CARTLAND, Silas (Junior 1923), Sales Engr. (for Corp- 101 Park Ave- New York, N. Y- and (for. mail) Junio Heater Corp- 30 North Dearborn. mail) 1131 Summit Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. Chicago, 111- and Box 84, Pentwatcr, Mich. BUTLER, Thonias F. (Associate 1919), Heat. Vent, and Plbg.. (for mail) 545 Broadway, and W. Erie and Madison Aves., Lorain, O. CARTY, Thomas (1924). Pres, (for mail) Carty Heat. Corp- 29 Audubon Ave., and 635 West 174th St., New York, N. Y. . . 9 Roll of Membership CARY, Albert A.* (Charter Member), (Board of Managers 1894; Council 1896; Board of Man agers 1899). Consulting Engr., 95 Liberty St.. New York. N. Y. CASE, Edward W. (Associate 1916). Vice-Pres.' and Secy.. W. A. Case & Son Mfg. Co.. 31 Main , St.. Buffalo. K. Y. ^ , ... CASEY, Byron L. (1921). Sales Engr. (for mad) Ilg Electric Vent. Co.. 324 W. Monroe St., Chicago, and 501 Clifton Ave., Park Ridge. 111. CASSELL, John IX* (1913). Supt. of Bldgs, (for mail) Bd. of Public Education. Keystone School Bldg.. 19th and Chestnut Sts.. Philadelphia, Pa- and 740 Garfield Ave.. Palmyra. N. J. CASSERLY, T- D. (Associate 1923), (for mail) Weil-McLain Co.. 641 W. Lake St., and 5339 Winthrop Ave- Chicago. III. ` CAVILEER, James V. (Associate 1921). Office Mgr. (for mail) Lewis, Robinson & Gant. 1302 Land Title Bldg., and 2938 North -27th St- Philadelphia. Pa. CHADEAYNE, Geo. D. Gunior 1924). (for mail) Gorton & Lidgerwood Co- 96 Liberty St- New York, and 308 Stratford Rd., Brooklyn,. N. Y. CHALLMAN, Samuel A. (1919). Comm, of School Bldg- State Dept, of Education, State Capitol, St. Paul, and (for mail) 1107 Seventh ; St- S.E., Minneapolis, Minn. CHALMERS, Chas. H. (1925), Mgr. (for mail) Chalmers Oil Burner Co.. 1234 Central Ave..-and 523 Seventh St- S. E- Minneapolis. Minn. CHAMBERS, Wm. E. (Associate 1923), 1025 Franklin St- Williamsport, Pa. CHAPMAN, D. Witt (1914), Consulting Engr- D. W. Chapman Eng. & Supply Co- 30 Euclid Arcade. Cleveland, and (for mail) 1230 Jackson Ave- Lakewood. O. - CHAPMAN, Frank T. (1909). (Bd. of Governors 1913; Council 1914; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1915; 1st Vice-Pres. 1916), Mgr. of Sales (for mail) Fitzgibbons Boiler Co.. Inc.. 47 West 42nd St-. New York. N. Y- and Montclair, N. J. CHASE, J. D. (1921), Providence Vent. Co Providence, R. L ,,, CHASE, John M- (Associate 1916). Vice-Pres. and Eastern Repr. (for mail) W. A. Case & Son Mfg. Co- 50 East 42nd St- and 468 Riverside Dnve, New York. N. Y. . CHATTERDON, B. W. (Associate 1921), Sales man (for mail) 528 S. Grove Ave- Oak Park, IU- and 1445 Congress St- Cleveland. O. CHENOWETH. William H. (1911), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 549 W. Washington St.. Chicago, and 256 Keystone Ave- River Forest. 111. CHERRY, Lester A. (1921). (for mail) Industrial Planning Corp- 80 W. Genesee St- and 155 Euclid Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. CHERVEN, Victor W. (Associate 1920). Heat. Engr. (for mail) Holland Furnace Co- and 326 Maple Ave- Holland, Mich. CHESTER, Thomas* (1917). Consulting Engr. . 718 B. Copeland St- Pittsburgh. Pa. CHEYNEY, Charles C. (Junior 1913; Associate 1925). (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 562 W. Washington Blvd- Chicago, and Glencoe. 111. . CHILDRESS, Worthie Lee (1925). (for mail) E. G. Harris & Co.. 3312 W. Cary St- and 609 - West 27th St- Richmond. Va. CHOFFIN, C. C. (1919). Secy, and Treas., W. J. Scholl & Co- Mahoning Ave- and Hogue St., Youngstown, O. . ,^ CHRISTIAN, Charles W. (1913). Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Contr., Box 292. 1016 Johnston Bldg- and Myers Park. Charlotte. N. C. CHUBB, John E. (Associate 1917). Gen. Mgr., Kelvinator Chicago Inc- 209 N. Michigan Ave.. Chicago, and (for mail) 806 Colfax St- Evanston. CHURCH, Herbert J. (1922). Mgr. (for mail) Darling Bros. Ltd- Rm. 30, 77 York St- Toronto, and Weston. Ont. CLAFFEY, Edward J. (1913). Pres, (for mail) Is. ' j. Claffey Co- 10 W. Illinois St- and 439 Melrose St- Chicago. 111. ' CLARK, E. Harold (1922). Dist. Mgr.. J. D. Swartwout Co- 400 Penobscot Bldg- and (for mail) 475 Peterboro St- Detroit. Mich. CLARK, Fred C. (1923). Pres, (for mail) F. C. Clark Heat. Co- 5941 Baum Blvd- and 906 Chislet St- Pittsburgh. Pa. CLARK, Homer J. (1919), Dist. Mgr. (for mail)/ Bayley Mfg. Co- 523 Penton Bldg., and 1372 Phelps Ave- Cleveland. O. ^ CLARK, W. Chas. M. (1915). Consulting Engr. (Heat. Vent. Power Plants), (for mail) 130 Engineers Bldg- and 1344 East 85th St.. Cleve land, O. . Tr CLARK, William D. (1908). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Richardson & Boynton Co- 260 Fifth Ave., New York, and (for mail) 8613 110th St-- Richmond Hill, N. Y. CLARK, W. H. (1921). 916 Berkshire Ave- Pittsburgh. Pa. ,_ CLARKE, H. W. (Associate 1923). J. Spear Stove & Heat. Co- 1823 Market St- Philadelphia, and (for mail) 117 Sylvan Ave- Rutledge. Pa. CLARKE, Samuel S. (1909), Heat. & Vent. Engr. (for mail) Imperial Radiator Co- and . Canadian Sirocco Co- 605 Second St- W- and 603 Second St- W. Calgary. Alberta. CLARKSON, Robert C., Jr. (1921). Asst. Engr.. Turner Construction Co- 1713 Sansom St- and (for mail) 821 South 49th St- Philadelphia. Pa. CLARKSON, William B. (1919). Director of Research. King Vent. Co- 251 Broadway. Owatonna, Minn. .. CLEGG, Carl (1922), Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co- 310 Mutual Bldg- and 3433 Holmes St- Kansas City, Mo. '- CLEMENT, Eugene R. (Associate 1924). Hoffman Specialty Co- 1559 Laurel Ave- Bridgeport, Conn. CLIFTON, W. F. (1923), 313 Brock Ave- Toronto. CLINE, Edgar A. (1914). Secy, (for mail) General Heat. Supply Co- Rm. 1 Reliance Bldg- and 11 West 68th St- Terrace. Kansas City., Mo. CLOUD, Oscar E. (Associate 1924), (for mail) Western Sheet Metal Works, 450 N. Main St and 527 Madison Ave:. Wichita. Kan. CLOUGH, Leslie (1922). Engr.. Stubbs Bros., 16 Ash St.. Boston, and (for mail) 17 Pierce Rd., P. O. Box 34, Weymouth. Mass. . COCHRAN, Moncrieff M. (1908). Pres- CochranSargent Co- Fifth and Sibley Sts- and 59 Western Ave- St. Paul, Minn. , COCKBURN, Leslie S. (1920). Asst. Works Engr. (for mail) Fisher Body Corp- General Motors Bldg., Detroit. 106 Cedar St- Wyandotte. Mich. COE, Ivan B. (1918). Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Blower Systems Corp., 362 Plymouth Ave- S and 122 Penhurst St/, Rochester. N. Y. COE, Ralph T. (1917), (for mail) The R. T. Coe Companies, 5th floor. Cutler Bldg., and 235 Chili Ave- Rochester, N. Y. . COHAGEN, Chandler C. (1919). Archt. (for mail) Mclver & Cohagen. Box 1305. Hedden Bldg- and 127 Wyoming Ave- Billings. Mont. COLBY, Clyde W. (1915). Pres, (for mail).ColbyMerrill Co- Superior Ave- N.E.. at 17th St.. Cleveland, and 1755 Northfield Ave- East Cleveland. O. . COLEMAN, John B. (1920). Ch. Engr. (for mail) , Grinnell Co- inc- 260 W. Exchange St- and 152 Taber Ave- Providence. R. I. COLLAMORE, Ralph (1904). (Board of Gover nors 1913). Secy- Smith. Hinchman & Grylls. 800 Marquette Bldg- and (for mail) 679 Pingree Ave- Detroit. Mich. ' COLLIER, William 1. (1921). Consulting Engr. (for mail) W. I. Collier & Co- 15 E. Fayette St- Battimore, and Ellicott City, Md. . CONES, Benjamin (1911). (for mail) Secy, and Treas- National Eng. Co., 2607 E. Washington St- and 420 N. Keystone Ave- Indianapolis. Ind. CONNELL, Harry E. (1922). Mgr- U. S. Radiator Corp- 136 Federal St- Boston, and (for mail) . 60 Randolph St- Arlington, Mass. 10 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 CONNELL, Richard F. (1916), Mgr. Capitol Test Lab- U- S. Radiator Corp.. 127 Campbell Ave- and (for mail) 2970 Burlingame AveDetroit. Mich. CONNOR, Michael (Associate 1922), 1134 Vincent Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. COOGAN, Jesse (1915), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Jesse Coogan Engr. Co- 404-408 Boston Bldg., and Commercial Club, Salt Lake City. Utah. COOK, Benjamin F. (1920). Consulting Engr., Cook & White, 308 Mutual Bldg- Kansas City, and (for mail) Route 6. Box 452, Independence, Mo. COOK, Chester D. (1921). (for mail) D. F. Edwards Heating Co- 2340 Pine St., and 4264 Botanical Ave- St. Louis. Mo. COOK, Harris R. (Associate 1924), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American Foundry & Furnace Co- 805 36th St- and 1194 44th St., Milwaukee, Wis. COOLEY, Maxwell S.* (1911). Bureau of Yards and Docks. Navy Dept- Washington, D. C. and (for mail) 5 E. Irving St., Chevy Chase, Md. COON, Thurlow E. (1916). Pres- The Coon- DeVisser Co- 2051 W. Lafayette Blvd- and (for mail) 826 Edison Ave- Detroit, Mich. COOPER, Frank I. (1911). (Council 1914-1916), Pres.. Frank Irving Cooper Corp- Archts. and Engrs- 172 Tremont St., -Boston. Mass. COOPER, Harry (Associate 1924). Pres, (for mail) Harry Cooper Supply Go- 223 Water St- and 590 E. Walnut St., Springfield. Mo. COOPER. John W. (Junior 1921; Associate 1925). (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 515 Chemical Bldg., and 4305 Lindell Blvd., St. Louis. Mo. . COOPER, Thos. R. (1923), Shanghai Waterworks Co- Shanghai, China. COOPER, Thomas W. (Associate 1922), Mgr. (for mail) Utica Heater Co- 629 Chestnut St., and 5117 N. Mervine St- Philadelphia. Pa. CORNWALL, George T. (1919). Mgr., Boiler Dept, (for mail) Hitchmgs & Co- Cor. Spring and Louisa Sts- and 633 Madison Ave., Elizabeth. N. J. CORNWELL, F. E. (Associate 1923). Salesman (for mail) National Heat. & Vent. Co- Wausau. ' and 1463 Murray Ave., Milwaukee. Wis. COSGROVE, Wallace M. (1923), Br. Mgr. (for / mail) American Radiator Co- 40 West 40th St., New York, N. Y., and 94 Kensington Ave., Jersey City, N. J. COUSENS, Walter S. (1924), Treas- McLean & Cousens Co- 65 Chandler St., Boston, and (for - mail) 70 Elm St- W. Newton, Mass. COWARD, Herbert (1921). Mgr. Wash. Office (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co- 418 Wash. Loan & Trust Bldg., Washington. D. C- and East Falls Church, Va. . COWLES, Benjamin E. (1919), Heat. Engr. (for mail) KcUogg-Mackay Co- 824 S. Fourth St- Minneapolis, and 3711 Colfax Ave- N. Minne apolis. Minn. COX, Christopher, J. (1919). (for mail) C. J. Cox Eng. Co- 625 Putnam Ave- Cambridge, and 1412 Com'l Ave- Allston, Mass. - COX, W. F. (1924), Specialty Engr- Crane Co- 1328 West 12th St- Kansas City, Mo. COX, William W. (1923), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) . Warren Webster & Co., 326 Columbia St- and 5416- Kirkwood PI- Seattle, Wash. CRAIG, F. Broadhurst (1922), Director (for mail) Broadhurst Craig & Ching, Ltd., 1 Fitzroy St., London, W.I., and 28 Clarence Rd., Windsor, England. ' CRANNELL,. Chas. A. (1922). Secy.-Treas.. Inland Engr. Corp., 365 State St., and 1011 Park PI., Hammond, Ind. CRAWFORD, W.- B. (1921). Consulting Engr., ' J. P. Marsh & Co- 114-124 S. Clinton St., and (for mail) 1516 N. Mayfield Ave- North Austin, Chicago. 111. . CRIQUI, Albert A.* (1919), Heat- Vent, and Fan Engr., Buffalo Forge Co- 490 Broadway. and (for mail) 250 Blaine Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. CROFT, Terrell (1924). Directing Engr. (for mail) T. Croft Eng. Co- 6600 Delmar Blvd- and 6925 . Amherst Ave- University City. St. Louis, Mo. CRONE, Chas. E., Jr. (1922), Secy, and Treas.. Wendt & Crone Co- 1131 N. Wells St., and 5432 Woodlawn Ave- Chicago, IU. CRONE, Thomas E. (1920), Dist. Mgr., Clarence O. Baring, Inc- 34 Park PI- R. 11, Newark, and (for mail) 11 Prospect St.. E. Orange. N. J. . CRUTCHLEY, Edward, Jr. (1920). Heat Contr. (for mail) E. Cnitchely, Jr., 477 83rd St- and 8509 10th Ave- Brooklyn, N. Y. CULBERT, Warren G. (Associate 1911), 3042' . Chestnut St- and (for mail) Ridley Park, Phila delphia, Pa. CULLEN, Harry J. (1923). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Warren & Wetmore, 16 East 47th St., New York, and (for mail) 15 Scutt PI., Jamaica, N. Y. CULLYFORD, Francis S. (1915), Pres, and Mgr., (for mail) CuUyford Plbg. & Heat. Co,, 1210 Cali fornia St., and 517 Josephine St- Denver, Colo. .CUMMINS, George H. (1919), Sales Engr. (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co- 800-6 La Salle Ave- and 4944 Logan Ave.. S- Minneapolis. Minn. CUMMINGS, Gerald J. (1923), Supt., Scott Co- 113 Tenth St- and 201 Orange St.. Oakland. Calif. CURRIER, Charles H. (1919), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Drying Systems, Inc- 50 Church St- New- York, N. Y- and 608 Prospect St., Maplewood, N. J. CUTHBERT, Ivan Norman (1925), Engr. (for mail) Cuthbert. & Cuthbert, Archt. & Engr., 327 East Huron St- and R. R. 6. Ann Arbor,- Mich. ' CUTLER, Joseph A. (1916), (Council 1917-1924) Mgr. (for mail) Johnson' Service Co- 1355 Washington Blvd- and Drake Hotel, Chicago. 111. CUTTER, Edward H. (Associate 1923), Special Distributor. Hoffman Steam Specialties (for mail) 179-W. Washington St., Chicago, and Elgin, 111. CUYLER, David H. (1917). Engr..-Wolff Mfg. Corp., 300 N. Robey St., Chicago, and (for mail) . 536 Hinman Ave., Evanston. III. 'D DAILEY, James A. (Associate 1920), Heat. Contr.. 661 72nd St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. DAILEY, James F. (1924), Vice-Pres- Typhoon Fan Co- 345 West 39th St., and (for maU) 819 West 180th St- New York, N. Y. DALY, John H. (1915). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Daly Co- 1425 16th St- and Denver Athletic Club, Denver, Colo- . DAMBLY, A. Ernest Gunior 1921; 1924), Asst, (for mail) H. B. Hackett, 505 Chestnut St- Philadelplu'a, Pa. DANE, Irving Stillman (1925). Sales Engr- 9 Mason St., Medford Hillside. 57, Mass. DANFORTH, N. Loring (1919). Pres.. John W. Danforth Co- 72 Ellicott St- Buffalo. N. Y. . DARTS, John A. (1919), Sales Mgr. (for mail) Kewanee BoUer Co- Inc., 47 West 42nd St- and 272 Manhattan Ave- New York, N. Y. . DAUGH, Emil O. (1921), Detroit Repr- Continen tal Heater Corp., 400 Penobscot Bldg- Bldrs. and ' Traders.Ex., and (for mail) 81 Montana Ave- W. Detroit, Mich. . DAUGHERTY, Fred M. (1919). Contrg. Engr.. Grinnell Co- Inc- 407 Society for Savings Bldg- Cleveland, (X \. DAVENPORT, Edwin A. (1916). Heat. & Vent. Engr., American Warming & Vent. Co- 317-319 v Pennsylvania Ave- Elmira, N. Y. DAVIDSON, H. MacD. Gunior 1922), Local Sales Office Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co- 226 Main St and 1611 Madison St- La Crosse. Wis. DAVIDSON, Philip L. (Junior 1921; 1924). Sales Engr., Carrier Engr. Corp., 176 Federal St- Boston, Mass. DAVIES, George W. (1918). Heat, and Vent. Engr., G. W. Davies & Co- 79 McLaggan St., Dunedin, New Zealand. DAVIS, Arthur C. (1920), Mech.. Engr., . 73 Preston St., Ridgefield Park, N. J. DAVIS, Benjamin H. (1923), 30 W. Lynwood Ave- Glenside, Pa." . ". '' 11 Roll of Membership DAVIS, Bert C. (1904), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) American Warming & Vent. Co., 317 Pennsylvania Ave., and 603 W. Church St.. Elmira. N. Y. DAVIS, James H. (1899), (Board of Governors 1911), 816 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago. 111. DAVIS, Leo J. (1917). Supt. (for mail) John J. Davis & Sons, Inc.. 2728 Baker St., Detroit, and Philbrick Ave., Redford. Mich. DAVIS, P. Lloyd (1912), Pres, and Treas., Davis- Billings Corp.. 92-20 150th St., and (for mail) 148-15 Hillside Ave., Jamaica, L. I., N. Y. DAVIS, Rowland G. (Associate 1921), Salesman, Spohn Heat. & Vent. Co.. 1775 East 45th St., Cleveland.- and (for mail) 887 Nala View Rd.. Cleveland Heights, O. ' - DAY, Vincent S.* (1924). Research Asst. Prof. Mech. Eng. Dept.. 104 M. E. Lab., University of Illinois, and (for mail) Urbana, 111. DECKER, Edward M. (Associate 1917), (for mail) American Radiator Co.. 400 Barium Bldg., and 197 Rhode Island Ave.. Detroit, Mich. DEEX, Charles J. (1920). Secy, (for mail) Mount- Vapor Heat. Co., 1246 W. Fourth St., and 4364 Rockey River Dr., Cleveland. O. DEGAN, James E. (Associate 1916), Pres, .(for mail) J. E. Degan Co., 242-4 Larned St., W., and 2428 Blaine Ave., Detroit, Mich. DELAND, Chas. W. (Junior 1923; 1924), Secy, (for mail)-C. W. Johnson, Inc.,-211 N. Desplaines St., and 2021 Estes Ave., Chicago, III. DeLONG, Maj. Harry B. (1915), (for mail) H. BDeLong Co., W. 409 First Ave., and 231 East 24th Ave., Spokane. Wash. * DeLONG, F. B. (Associate 1923). Walworth Mfg. Co.. 414 First Ave., Seattle. S.. Wash. DEMPSEY, Harry P. (1919), Consulting Mech. Engr. (for mail) 34 Delaware Ct., 232 Delaware Ave.. Buffalo, and 394 Pleasant Ave., Hamburg, N. Y. DeNElLLE, J. Lawrence (1920). Contrg. Engr. (for mail) Eichler Heat. Co., 2011 Railway Exchange Bldg., St. Louis, and 733 Limit Ave.. ' University City, Mo. DENNIS, C. K. (Junior 1923). Salesman, Standard Heater Co.. 931 O. C. S. Bk. Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y. DENSMORE, Edward D. (1906), Archt. and Engr., Densmore, LeClear & Robbins, Park Sq. * Bldg., 31 St. James Ave., Boston, and 26 Down ing Rd., Brookline. Mass. DENSON, Walter (1922). Heat. Contr. (for mail) 7 West 12th St., and 2205 St. Elmo Dr., Colum bus. Ga. DERANLEAU, Raymond L. (Junior 1922; 1924). Heat. Engr. (for mail) Wen.. N. Bowman Co.. 612 Insurance Bldg., Denver. Colo. DEVENDORF. W. F. (1910). (for mail) Wm. F. Devendorf & Co.. 112 Clinton Ave., S.. and 719 Park Ave., Rochester. N. Y. DEWAR, John G. (1920), Dewar & Carrington, 153 N. Desplaines St.. Chicago, 111. DeWOLF. Roger D. (1915), Ch. Operating Engr. (for mail) Rochester Gas and Electric Corp.. 34 Clinton Ave., N., and 15 Werner Park, Rochester, N. Y. ' DEXTER, MacD. (1924), P. O. Box 33. Columbus, Ga. DIBBLE, Albert B. (Associate 1922), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) S. E. Dibble & Son. Inc.. 521-525 Grand Ave., P. O. Box 299, and 869 Elm St., New Haven, Conn. DIBBLE, Samuel E. (1917; Pres. 1925), (Council 1921-1924; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1922;. 1st Vice-Pies. 1924). Consulting Engr. and Prof. Heat, and Vent. Dept., Carnegie Institute of Technology, and 514 Hastings St.. Pittsburgh, Pa. DICKEY, Arthur J. (1921), Vice-Pres, and Gen. Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co., Ltd., 1523-41 Daven port Rd.. and (for mail) 9 Mossom PI., Toronto. Ont. DICKINSON, Dr. Hobart C. (1919), Ch. Heat, and Power Div.. Bureau of Standards. Connecti cut Ave. and Pierce Mill Rd., and 4629 0th St., N.W., Washington. D. C. ' DICKSON, Robert B. (1919). Sales Mgr., Ke- wanee Boiler Co., 409 E. Prospect St., Kewanee, 111. DIGBY, Homer Evans (Junior 1922; Associate 1925), Salesman, C. A. Dunham Co.. 1104 May Bldg., and (for mail) 323 Syeetbriar St., Pitts burgh, Pa. DILL, H. O. (Associate 1922), Gen. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Oil City Boiler Works, 501 Fifth Ave., and 243 Mt. Hope PI., New York.. N. Y. DILLMAN, Earnest J. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Research Dept.. American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Ave.. Buffalo, and 202 Knowlton Ave., Kenmore. N. Y. DILLON, Henry R. (Associate 1923), Sales Mgr., Utica Heater Co., 5620 Grand Central Terminal, New York. N. Y. DISTEL, Frank, Jr. (1918). (for mail) Distel Heat. Equip. Co.. 904 Bauch Bldg., and 1011 Genessee St., W., Lansing, Mich. DOBBS, C. E. (Associate 1921),. Boiler & Radiator Supply Co., 110 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. and (for mail) 72`Berlin Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. DOBSON, George G. (1922), Mech. Engr., East man Kodak Co., Kodak Park, and (for mail) 166 Harding Rd., Rochester, N. Y. DODDS. Forrest F. (1920), Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 906 Davidson Bldg., and 3716 Broadway, Kansas City, Mo. DOERING, Frank L. (1919). Repr., American Radiator Co., 451 Rivermont Ave., Lynchburg. Va. DOHERTY, James (1917), Vice-Pres, (for mail) Utica Heater Co.. 365 E. Illinois St., and 2600 Lakeview Ave.. Chicago, 111. DOHERTY," John A. (1924). Heat. Expert, Richardson & Boynton Co.. 260 Fifth Ave., and 539 51st St., Brooklyn, N. Y. DOHERTY, John J. (1921). (for mail) P. C. Doherty Co., 112 Main St., and 135 Academy St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. . DOLAN, Raymond G. (Junior 1922), Secy, and Treas.. 614 W. Grand. Oklahoma City. Okla. DOME, Walter R. (1920), Mgr. Boiler Sales. Abram Cox Stove Co.. American and Dauphin Sts., and (for mail) 156 W. Hansbury St.. Phila delphia, Ra, DONAHUE, Edmund S. (Associate 1924), (for mail) American Radiator Co., 400 Barium Bldg., and 53 E. Euclid Ave., Detroit, Mich. DONNELLY, James A * (1904), (Treasurer 1912 1914), Donnelly Systems Co., 9 Murray St., New York, N. Y. DONNELLY, John R. (1915), 905 Congress Ave.. Austin. Tex. DONNELLY, Russell (1923), Sales Engr.. Nash Eng. Co.. 350 Madison Ave., New York. N. Y. DONNELLY, Webster C. (Junior 1922). Heat. Engr. 208 Whalley Ave., New Haven, Conn. DONOGHUE. James J. (Associate 1924).Nation al Radiator Co., 47 West 42nd St., New York. N. Y. DONOVAN, James E. (Junior 1923), Heat. Engr., 16 Putnam Ave., Port Chester, N. Y. DOODY, Catherine A. *(1924). Mgr., (for mail) Doody Vapor Heat. Co., 46 Cornhill. Boston, and 84 High St.. Canton, Mass. DORNHEIM, G. A. (Junior 1906; 1912). (for mail) Thompson-Starrett Co., 245 Hunters Point Ave., Long Island City, and 32 Kraft Ave.. Bronxville, N. Y. DORSEY, Francis C. (1920). Heat.. Plbg. and Elect. Contr., Francis C. Dorsey, 110 Prospect Ave., Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. DOUD, Malcolm P. (Associate 1921), (for mail) 419 Widener Bldg.. Philadelphia, and'226 Rut ledge Ave., Rutledge. Pa. DOUGHTY, Charles J. (1920), Supt. of Main tenance. Bd. of Education, 155 College St., and (for mail) 44 Erindale Ave., Toronto, Ont. DOUGLASS, Thomas C. (1922), Thos. J. Doug lass & Co., 352 Whiting St., Chicago. 111. DOWNE, Henry S. (1895). Vice-Pres. and Euro pean Director (for mail) American Radiator Co., 149 Boulevard Haussmann, and 5 Rue Verdi, Paris. France. '. DOWNES, H. H. (1923), Salesman, American Blower Co.. 2135 Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.' 12 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 DOWNES, Nate W. (1917). Engr. (for mail) School E Dist. of Kansas City. 601 Finance Bldg., and 2119 East 68th St.. Kansas City, Mo. EADIE, John G. (1909), Consulting Engr., Eadie. DOWNEY, Frank E. (1921), Pres, and Mgr. (for Freund & Campbell, 7 West 45th St.. New York, mail) Downey Supply Co.. 613 Clybourn St., N. Y. and 1188 Prospect Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. EAGAN, George A. (1917), Pres, (for mail) DOYLE, Christopher J. (Associate 1922), Heat.,. Eagan & Beahro, Inc., 304-306 Stephen Girard Contr. (for mail) S.E. 21st and Pine Sts., Phila Bldg.. Philadelphia. Pa., and 17 Newton Ave., delphia. Pa. Woodbury, N. J. DOYLE, Wiliam J. (1920). Designing Engr.. EAGAR, R. Frank (1922), Consulting Engr. (for Williamson Heater Co.. 4558 Marburg Ave., mail) 138 Lower Water St., P. O. Box 904, ' Oakley, and (for mail) 3766 Hyde Park Ave., . Halifax, and Bedford, Halifax County. Nova Hyde Park, Cincinnati, O. DRAKE, George H. (1919), (for mail) 218 Lexing EASTER, Terrill J. (Associate 1919). Pres, and ton Ave., and 353 Norwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. Treas. (for mail) Automatic Gas-Steam Radiator DRIGGS, Leland L. (1918). Heat. Engr., Edward Co., Fulton Bldg., and 312 S. St. Clair St.. Pitts ,P. Bates Co., Inc., 228 W. Water St., and (for burgh. Pa. mail) 167 W. Lafayette Ave., Syracuse, N. Y. EASTERBROOKS, Clifton C. (1922), Sales DRINKER, Philip (1922). Instr., Ventilation and Engr. (for mail) Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cortlandt Illumination (for mail) Harvard School of Public St., and 2735 Sedgewick Ave., New York, N. Y. Health, 55 Van Dyke St., Boston, 17, and. 128 EASTWOOD, Everett Owen (1921), Prof, (for Garden Rd.. Brookline. Mass. mail) Univ. of Washington, and 4702 12tb Ave.. DRISCOLL, William H.* (1904). (Council 1918 N.E., Seattle, Wash. 1922, Treas. 1923,2nd Vice-Pres. 1924). Vice-Pres. EATON, Byron K. (Associate 1919; 1920), Gen. (for mail) Thompson-Starrett Co., 245 Hunters Sales Mgr., Winslow Boiler & -Engr. Co.. 208 Point Ave., Long Island City, N. Y., and 23 Boyd South La Salle St.. Chicago, and (for mail) 522 Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. N. Fifth Ave., La-Grange. 111. DRUCE, John J.-(1922), Vice-Pres. and Mgr., EBERT, William A. (1920), Engr. and Estimator . McKelvey & Birch, Ltd., 69 Brock St., and (for (for mail) P. O. Box 1280, and 1004 Drexel Ave., mail) 26 Alice St., Kingston, Ont., Can. San Antonio. Tex. DUBRY, Ernest E. (1924), Asst. Supt. of Central EBIN, Louis* (Junior 1924; 1924). Heat, and Heat, (for mail) The Detroit Edison Co.. 2000 Vent. Engr. (for mail) Phillips Getschow Co., Second Ave., and 9116 Dexter Blvd., Detroit, 130 W. Kinzie St., and 3801 Ainslie St., Chicago, Mich. III. DUDFIELDt Alvin (1920). Pres., Dudfield Mfg. ECKARDT, Chas. A. T. (Associate 1924). Sales Co., 116 W. Kansas St.. Liberty, Mo. Engr., The Whitlock Coil Pipe Co.. 726 Commer DUDLEY. W. Lyle (1922), Vice-Pres. (for mail) cial Trust Bldg., and 5822 Girard Ave., Philadel Western Blower Co., 1800 Ninth. Ave., S., and phia. Pa. 2525 Second Ave., W.. Seattle. Wash. ECKART, Claude H. (1915), Secy.-Treas. (for DUFF, Kennedy (1915), Mgr., Eastern Territory mail) Eckart Bros., Inc.. 320 Westlake N., and (for mail) Johnson Service Co., 118 East 28th St., R. F. D. No. 4 Box 263, Seattle, Wash. New York, N. Y., and 9 Park Ave., Maplewood, EDDY, Ernest J. (Associate 1919). Br. Mgr. (for N. J. mail) Keasbey & Mattison Co.. 17 Terrace, and DUGAN, Thomas M. (1920), Master Plumber 175 Dorchester Rd., Buffalo. N. Y. (for mail) National Tube Co.. Fourth Ave. and EDELSTON, Samuel H. (Junior 1922), Heat. Locust St., McKeesport, and 311 Washington Engr. (for mail) W. L. Flelsher & Co., Inc., 31 Ave.. Dravosburg, Pa. Union Sq.. W.. New York. N. Y., and 330 South DUNCAN, George W., Jr'. (1923). Consulting 12th St., Newark, N. J. . Mech. Engr. (for mail) Coddington & Duncan. EDGAR, A. C. (Charter Member), (Council i920), 547 Phelan Bldg.. San Francisco, and 2132 Derby (for mail) Edgar Heat. Co.. 1705 Alter St., St., Berkeley. Calif. DUNCAN. J. Ray (1923). Carrier Eng. Corp., Philadelphia, and Newton Square. Delaware Co., Pa. - 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark. N. J. DUNCAN, John M. (1924). 32 Church St.. EDWARDS. C. H. (Associate 1?24). R. M. Edwards & Son. 29 Water St., Cannonsburg. Pa. Toronto. Ont. EDWARDS, Daniel F. (1920). (for mail) D. F. DUNHAM, Clayton A. (1911), Pres, (for mail) Edwards Heat. Co., 2340-42 Pine St.. St. Louis, C. A. Dunham Co.. 230 E. Ohio St., Chicago, and Mo., and Miltstadt, 111. 150 Maple Hill Rd., Glencoe, III. EDWARDS, Paul A. (1919), Engr. and Estimator DUNLAP. Ralph L. (1917), Ch. Engr. and Gen.. (for mail) The G. F. Higgins Co.. 606 Wabash Supt. (for mail) J. H. Kitchen & Co., Pioneer Bldg., and 1260 Mississippi Ave., S. Hills P. O., Trust Bldg.. 1016 Baltimore Ave., and 5533 Pittsburgh, Pal Holmes St.. Kansas City, Mo. DUNLAP, Walter G. (Associate 1924). H. B. Smith Co., 17th and Arch Sts.. Philadelphia. Pa. DUQUBT, Asa M. (1923). Engr. tfor mail) Maurice E. Chase, 263 Summer St., and 19 ' -Blake St.. Wallaston, Mass. DURAND, William L* (1921), Engr. (for.mail) Clark, McMullen & Riley, 101 Park Ave., New York, and 242 Lafayette Ave.. Brooklyn. N. Y. DUSOSSOIT, Edmond A. (1920), Treas. (for mail) Lynch & Woodward, Inc.. 202 Harrison Ave., Boston, and 16 Hancock Ave., Newton Centre, Mass. DWYER, Frank A. (1902). Consulting Engr:. 447 Guy Park Ave., Amsterdam, N. Y. DWYER, John V. (Associate 1922), Asst. Factory EGGLESTON, Lewis W. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co.. 1807 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, and Harris Hill Rd., WUliamsville. N. Y EGGLY, Harry J.. Jr.' (1925), Consulting Engr., - * and (for mail) 1505 Race St., and 5903 North 6th St., Philadelphia, Pa. - EHRENZELLER, Adolphe (1924), Mgr. of Heat. Dept., and (for mail) Walker & Pratt Mfg. Co., 31 Union St., Boston, and 23 Parlevale Rd.. West Roxbury. Mass. ' EHRLICH, M. William* (1916), Br. Mgr., Trane Co., Rm. 2332 Park Row Bldg., 15 Park Row. New York, N. Y., and (for mail) 56 Ridge Rd.; Lyndhurst. N. J. EICHER, Hubert C. (1922), Directoi, Bureau of Mgr. (for mail) Peninsular Stove Co., Fort St., W., Detroit, and 372. -Lakeland Ave., Grosse Pointe Village, Mich. School Bldgs.. Dept, of Public Instruction.'State Capitol, and (for mail) 103 South St., Harrisburg, Pa. DWYER, Thos. F. (1923), Heat, and Vent. Engr. EICHLER, Alvin (1919). Pres, (for mail) Eichler > (for mail) Board of Education, Flatbush Ave., Heat. Co., 2010 R'y. Ex. Bldg., and 5449 Enright and Concord St., Brooklyn, and 282 Cypress Ave., St. Louis, Mo. . Ave., Bronx, N. Y. ' EISERT, Hermann* (1920), Consulting Engr.. 404 DYER, Orville K. (1919), Sales Engr., Buffalo - St. Paul PL. and (for mail) 4007 Bateman Ave., Forge Co., 490 Broadway, Buffalo, N. Y. Baltimore. Md. 13 Roll of Membership ELDERMAN, B. E. (Associate 1925), (for mail) Ben Elderman Eng. Co., 610 21st St., and 525 25th St., Denver, Colo. ELLIOTT, A. Douglass (1918), Elec. Heat. Engr. (for mail) Elliott Equip. Co., 927 Met. Life . Bldg., and 3015 43rd 'Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. ELLIS, Ernest E. (1922). Mgr., and (for mail) Fred A. Ellis & Co.. Inc., 840 Center St.; Win- netka. 111. ELLIS, Frederic R. (1913), Mgr. Heat. & Vent, Depts , B. F. Sturtevant Co., 131 Beacon St., Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. . ELLIS, Harry W. (Associate 1909; 1923), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Johnson Service Co., 149 Michi gan St., Milwaukee, Wis. ' ELLIS, John Edwin (Associate 1921), (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 1412 West 12th St., and 3030 Oak St.. Kansas City, Mo. ELLIS, Walter C. (Associate 1923), Mech. Engr. (for mail) 64 W. Randolph St., Chicago, and 324 Ninth Ave., La Grange, 111. ' ELLISON, J. Huyler (1919), Pres. Ellison & Co lne., 211 West 126th St., New York, and (for mail) 41 Wallace St., Freeport. N. Y. . EMERICK, Stanley H. (Junior 1923), Mech. Engr., Louis Kamper, Archt., 3729 Cass Ave.. and (for mail) 5471 15th St., Detroit, Mich. EMERSON, Ralph R. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co., 512 Fifth Ave., New York, and 660 59th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. EMERY, Wm. D. (1923), Pres, (for mail) Blest* Emery Co., 784 Coney Island Ave., and 496 Argyle Rd., Brooklyn, N. Y. EMMERT, Luther D. (1919). Repr. (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., 562 W. Washington Blvd- Chicago, and 1704 Hinman Ave., Evanston, 111. EMPKEY, George J. (1919), Secy, (for mail) The Schneider Plbg. Co., 4420 Euclid Ave., and 9812 North Blvd., Cleveland, O. ' EMSWILER, John E.* (1917), Prof, of Mech. Eng., Univ. of Mich., 231 Eng. Bldg., Ann Arbor. Mich. ENGLE, Alfred (Associate 1922; 1923),"Salesman, . Jenkins Bros., 80 White St., and 60 West 190th St.. New York, N. Y. ENGLE, Harris J. (Associate 1922; 1923). Heat. Engr., 248 East 34th St., New York, N. Y. ERICKSON, Harry A. (1917), Engr. (for mail) Corbit Bros.. Plbg. & Heat. Co., Third and Oley Sts., and 719 Mcknight St., Reading, Pa. ERTMAN, Bernard R. (1920). Heat. Engr. and Mgr., A. F. Ertman, 309 N. Main St., Herkimer, N. Y. . .. ERWIN, J. P. (Junior 1923; Associate 1925), Colo.. Hospital and Sanitarium, and (for mail) 402 Maxwell Ave., Boulder, Colo. EVANS, C. A. (1919), 218 Lexington Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. EVANS; Edwin C. (1919), Dist. Mgr., Reed Air Filter Co.. 841 Oliver Bldg., and,(for mail) 2793- Bergman St., and Corliss Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. EVANS, John (1919), Archt. (for mail) 30 Water St., and 15 Ball Ave.. Galt, Ont. EVANS, Raymond S. (Junior 1920; Associate 1925), Experimental Engr. (for mail) 4333 Drummond PI., Chicago. 111. EVANS, William A. (1918), Dealer in Hot Water Equipt., 149 Broadway, New York. N. Y.. and 24 Woodland Rd., Maplewood, N. J. EVELETH, Charles F.* (1911), Ch. Engr. Heat. & Vent, (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., .17th and Federal Sts.. Camden, and Woodbury, N. J. FARRAR, Cecil W. (Associate 1918; 1920), Vice- Pres. (for mail) Excelso Specialty Works. Inc.. 119 Clinton St- and 429 Norwood Ave.. Buffalo, N. Y. . FAY, Francis C. (1925), Engr. (for mail) Raisler Heat. Co.. 129 Amsterdam Ave., New York. N. Y.. and 12 21st St.. Elmhurst, L. I.. N. Y. FEBREY, Ernest J. (1903), (for mail) E. J. Febrey. & Co., 616 New York Ave., N.W., and 1610 Riggs PL, N. W- Washington. D. C. FEEHAN, J. B. (1923), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) John B. Feeham, Inc., 471 Union St., and 24 Tudor St., Lynn, Mass. FEHLIG, John B. (1918), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Excelsior Heat. Supply Co., 528 Delaware St., and 2927 Brooklyn Ave., Kansas City.'Mo. FEIGE, Henry W. (1922). Sates Mgr. (for .mail) Powers Regulator Co., 1206 Colonial Trust Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa,, and Oaklyn, N. J. . FELDMAN, Abram M.* (1903), Consulting Engr., 145 West 45th St., New York, N. Y. FELS, Arthur B. (1919), Pres, (for mail) The Fels Co., 60 Union St., Portland, and Box 33, Yar mouth. Me. FELTWELL, Robert Hall (1922), Heat. Engr., Dist. Mgr., D. & T. Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo., and (for mail) 1040 S. Frazier St., Philadelphia, Pa. FENSTERMAKER, Sidney E. (1909). Pres, (for mail) S. E. Fcnstennaker & Co., 821 Hume- Mansur Bldg., and 3102 Washington Blvd., Indianapolis. Ind. FEST, Leon T. (1919), Mgr., Pierce Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 31st and Oxford Sts., and (for mail) 6646 North 18th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. FESTORAZZI, Angelo O. (Junior 1925). (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 1631-1633 Second Ave., ` N., and 2215 14th Ave., S., Birmingham, Ala. FIEDLER, Harry W. (1923), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Burnham Boiler Corp.. 30 East 42nd St., New - York, N. Y., and 19 Archer Ave., White Plains, N. Y. FIELDING, Howard H. (1904). (Council 1918 1919) Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Warren . Webster & Co.. 1226-1228 California St., and 1515 E. Ninth Ave., Denver, Colo. FILSON, Foster E. (1924), 116 S. Second St.. Harrisburg, Pa. FINAN, James J., Sr. (1923), Supervising Engr.. Board of Education, and (for mail) 7149 Euclid Ave., Chicago, 111. FINK, Raymond (Associate 1925), (for mail) Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp.. Rm. 1010, 41 East 42nd St., and 240 West End Ave., New York. N. Y. FIRESTONE, James F.. (Junior 1914; Associate 1925), Ch. Engr., The Beckwith Co., Dowagic, Mich. FIRSCHING, Frank J. (1921), Heat. Engr. (for. mail) Warren Webster & Co., 1005 Empire Bldg., and 6951 Frankstown Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. FISKE, T. Dumars (1922), (for mail) Mont gomery, Ward & Co., St. John and Belmont Sts., and 2917 East 67th St., Kansas City. Mo. FITTS, Charles D. (1920), Salesman (for mail) American Radiator Co., 915 Metropolitan Life -Bldg., and 2807 Dean Blvd., Minneapolis, Minn. FITZ, Geo. L. (Associate 1924), Alberger Heat. Co. and Howard Iron Works, 200 Fifth Ave.; New York, N. Y. . FITZ, Jean C. (1925), Heat. Engr. and Estimator., Louis J. Sommer & Son, 2436 Brown St., and (for mail) 4213 Darien St., Philadelphia. Pa. . F. , FLEISHER, Walter L.* (1914), Pres.'.(for mail), W. L. Fleisher & Co.. Inc.. 31 Union Sq.. W., and 126 Waverly PL, New York, N. Y. FALVEY, John D. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) Hester-Bradley Co.. 4200 Forest Park Blvd., and 5762a McPherson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. FARLEY, J. W. (Associate 1921), Mgr.. Farley Sleeve & Hanger Co., 3748 East 71st St., Cleve land. O. - FARNHAM, Roswell (1920). Dist. Mgr. Engr. Sales (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co.. 490 Broad way. and 711 W. Delavan Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. FLEMING, James P. (1923), Engr.-Custodian (for mail) Bd. of Education, 1410 N. Rockwell St., and 4035 N. Keystone Ave., Chicago, 111. FLEMING, Thomas C. (1919), Asst. Mgr.. Crane Co.. 245 Master St., and 5239 North 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa. FLETCHER, Saxton W. (1923), Sales Engr. (for . mail) J. O. Ross Eng. Co- 30 East 42nd St- New York, and 67 S. Broadway. White Plains, N. Y. 14 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 FLETT, Henry R. (Associate 1915; 1915). Mgr- Taylor-Forbes Co- Ltd- 1088 King St- W- Toronto. Ont. FLINK, Carl H. (1923), Ch. Engr- Dept, of Research (for mail) American Radiator Co- 1807 Elmwood Ave- and 192 Baynes St- Buffalo, N. Y. FLINT, Coll T. (1919), Boston Mgr. (for mail) H. B. Smith Co- 640 Main St- Cambridge, and 56 Brantwood Rd- Arlington, Mass. FLORENCE, Wm. E., Jr. (Junior 1924; Associate 1925) Engr- Acme Heat. & Vent. Co- 13 Hawk ins St- Boston, and (for mail) 79 Salem St- Reading, Mass. .. FOGG, Oscar H. (1914), Vice-Pres., Consolidated Gas Co. of New York, 130 East 15th St- New York, N. Y. FOISY, George A. (1923), Designing Engr- U. S. Cartridge Co- Lawrence St- Lowell, Mass. FOLEY, Wm. J. (Associate 1923), Mgr. and Engr- Wm. J. Foley Heat. Service Co- 230 15th St.. Denver, Colo. FORFAR, Donald M. (1917), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Croft & Boerner, Inc., 1004 Marquette Ave- and 3345 Harriet Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. FORGAN, Donald M. (Associate 1923), Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co- 4201 -Duncan Ave- and N. Denny Rd- St. Louis, Mo. FORGEE. Frederick A. (1919). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 141 East 29th St- New York, N. Y- and Ridgewood.-tf. J. FORSBERG. William (1919), Secy, (for mail) Hopson & Chapin Mfg. Co- 231 State St- New ' London, and Quaker Hill, Conn. FOSTER, Charles (1923). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 512 Sellwood Bldg- and 1731 E. Superior St- Duluth. Minn. . FOSTER, James M. (Associate 1920), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Ilg Electric Ventilating Co- 1421 Syndicate Trust Bldg- and 7021 Lindell Blvd-- St. Louis, Mo. FOSTER, William M. (Associate 1914), Vice- Pres. and Engr. (for mail) The Leggett-Doll- Foster Co- 16508-10 Woodward Ave- and 86 Pilgrim Ave- Highland Park, Mich. FOUILHOUX, J. Andre (1915), R. M. Hood & J. A. Fouilhoux, 40 West 40th St- New York, N. Y,, and (for mail) West Rd- Short Hills, N. J. FOULDS. Powys A. L. (1916), Mech. Engr. (for .mail) Hollis French & A. Hubbard, 210 South St- Boston, and 854 N. Shore Rd- Revere. Mass. FRANCIS, Isaac H. (1907). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 1520 Locust St- Bonbright Bldg- Philadelphia, and Devon. Pa. ` FRANCIS, William C. (1919), Heat. Engr- Jas. P. Wood Heat. Co- 320 New St- and 1623 W. Westmoreland St,, Philadelphia, Pa. FRANK, George W. (1919), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Frank & Miller, Inc., 79 Best St., and 136 High St- Buffalo, N. Y. FRANK, John M. (Associate 1912; 1918), Vice- Pres- Ilg Electric Vent. Co- 2850 N. Crawfbrd Ave..-Chicago and (for mail) 1152 Chatfield Rd., Hubbard Woods, 111. FRANK, Olive E. (1919). Pres- O. E. Frank Heater & Engr. Co- Inc.. 20 Milburn St- and 296 Norwalk Ave- Buffalo, N. Y. FRANKLIN, Ralph S. U919). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Albert B. Franklin. Inc- 25 Haverhill St- Boston, and 320 Grove St., Melrose, Mass. FRANZHEIM, Geo. W. (1924), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Universal Smokeless Boiler Co- Ravenna, O. FRASER, William G. (1916), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Power Efficiency Corp., 137 Arthur St and 1515 Amherst St- Buffalo. N. Y. FRENCH, Bascom P. (Junior 1915; Associate 1925), Olney Plbg. & Heat. Co- 106 W. Main St- Olney. 111. '. FRIDAY, Leslie M. (Associate 1923), Salesman (for mail) Utica Heater Co- 628 Union Bldg- and 735 East 91st St- Cleveland. O. FRIEDMAN, Abraham (1922), Heat. Contr. (for mail) A. Friedman, 217 East 47th St- New York, and 2529 Erickson St., East Elmhurst, L. I N. Y. FRIEDMAN, Ferdinand J. (1921). Mech. Engr. (for mail) McDougall, Pease & Friedman. 85 . Osborne St:, Montreal, Que. FROST, Robinson V.* (1921), Consulting Engr., 828 W. Marshall St- Norristown. Pa. FRUTCHY, Asel E. (Junior 1920; 1924), Vice- Pres. (for mail) Frutchy Barnes Co- 104 W. Second St- and 864 Euclid Ave- Elmira, N. Y. FRY, J. D. (Junior 1924), Asst. Engr. (for mail) McDougall. Pease & Friedman, 85 Osborne St and 66 McTavish St- Montreal. Que. ` FRYER, Frederick G. (1918), Director, Rowntree & Co- Ltd- York, England. FULLER, Charles A.* (1913), (Council 1917) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 347 Fifth Ave- New . York, and 501 E. Fifth St- Mt. Vernon, N. Y. FULLER, J. Lansing (Associate 1916), Dist. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Haft & Crouse Co- 315 E. Adams Ave- and 1745 Chicago Blvd- Detroit, ', Mich. FULLER, Robert K. (1923). Archt. and Engr. (for mail) 503 Insurance Bldg.. Denver, Colo. FULTON, Walter J. (1924). Sales Mgr. (for mail) Central Steam Heat Div- 54 King St- and Fawuct Ave- Winnipeg. Man. . FURMAN, J. R. (1919), Mech. Engr- 1417 Rail-' way Exchange, and (for mail) 5488 University ' Ave., Chicago, 111. GALE, Thomas J. C. (Associate 1920; 1921), Heat, and Piping Contr- 324 Oddfellow Bldg- and (for mail) 4023 Shaw Ave., St. Louis, Mo. GALLAHER, James E. (Junior 1923). Engr. (for mail) Air Conditioning & Eng. Co- 2914 S. Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, and 2307 Bellevue Ave- Webster Groves. Mo. GALLIGAN, Andrew B. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) Galligan Bros-- 716-18 South 51st St-- and 5231 Race St- Philadelphia, Pa. ' GALLIGAN, John H. (1923), Engr.. Marine Galligan Co- 1822 Ludlow St.. Philadelphia, and (for mail) 1930 South 56th St- W. Philadelphia, Pa. GANNON, James E. (1918). Pres- Gannon & Carey Co- 903 Parade St- and 508 West 11th St- Erie. Pa. GANT, H. P. (1915; Pres. Member 1923), (Council ' 1918; 2nd Vice-Pres.. 1921; 1st Vice-Pres- 1922; Council 1924), (for mail) Lewis. Robinson & Gant, Land Title Bldg- Philadelphia, Pa. GARDNER, Benj. F. (1924), Heat, and Plbg. Contr, (for mail) 322 Myrtle Ave- and 277 Carlton Ave- Brooklyn. N. Y, GARDNER, S. Franklin (1911), (for mail) Standard Eng. Co., 2129 Eye St-- N.W- and 3805 Kanawha St- Washington, D. C. GARDNER, W., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales Mgr. (for mail) Garden City Fan Co- 1842 McCor mick Bldg- and 7836 Loomis St- Chicago, 111. GAUSMAN, C. E. (1923). Magney & Tusler, 126 South 9th St- Minneapolis, and (for mail) 748 Margaret St- St. Paul, Minn. GAWTHROP, Fred. H. (1919), Pres.-Treas. (for mail) Gawthrop & Bro. Co- 705 Orange St- and 1110 Shallcross Ave- Wilmington, Del. GAYLOR, William S. (1919), Heat, and Vent. Engr- Starrett & Van Vleck, 8 West 40th St- New York, and (for mail) 42 Mayhew Ave- Larchmont, N. Y. GAYLORD, Frank H. (1921), Br. Mgr- Hoffman Specialty Co. (for mail) 130 N. Wells St- and 5234 Kimbark Ave- Chicago, 111. GEDNEY, Kenneth H. (1923). Archt. and Engr. (for mail) K, H. Gedney Co- Osborn Bldg- and 3.Park Court, Hastings, Neb. GEIGER, Irvin H. (1923), Rm. 311, Common wealth Bldg- 212-14 North 3rd St- Harrisburg, Pa. ' GEMENY, William J. (1919), Pres, (for mail) W. J. Gemeny Co- 2528 W. Madison St- and 7601 Normal St. Chicago, 111, GERRISH, Harry E. (1910). (Council 1919) Pres. . (for mail) Morgan-Gerrish Co- 800-6 LaSalle Ave- and 4534 S. Freemont Ave- Minneapolis. Minn. ` 15 Roll of Membership CETSCHOW, Geo. M. (1906), Phillips-Getschow COMBERS, Henry B. (Associate 1901). Secy, (for Co., 130 W. Kinzie St,. Chicago, 111. mail) Heat.-and Piping Contrs., National Assn. CETSCHOW, Roy M. (1919), Secy, and Heat, and Vent, Engr.. Phillips-Getschow Co.. 130 W. 50 Union Sq., New York, N. Y., and 160 Halsted St.. East Orange. N. J. Kinzie St., and 4517 Beacon St.. Chicago, 111. GOMERSALL, William H. (Associate 1921), GIBBONS. M. J., Jr. (1914), Secy, (for mail) Sales Engr., Sherman Eng. Co., 254 South 15th M. J. Gibbons Supply.Co., 601 E. Monument St., and 7500 Limekiln Pike, Mt. Airy, Philadel Ave.. and 22 Oxford Ave.. Dayton, O. phia, Pa. CIBBS. Edward W. (1919). (for mail) The Smith , GOOD, Macy S. (1921), Mgr., Chicago Territory Gibbs Co., S. Main St., and 61 President Ave., C- A. Dunham Co., Rm. 606. 230 E. Ohio St., ana Providence, R. I. 6360 Greenwood Ave., Chicago, III. GIBBS. Frank C. (1921), Secy, (for mail) Colby- COODNOW, Wallace F. (1912). Spec. Repr. (for Merrill Co., 1121 Nicholas Bldg., and 1937 mail) Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 41 Parkdale Ave., Toledo. O. East 42nd St., and 261 West 11th St., New York, CIBBS, Harold E. (1920), Specialty Sales Co., N. Y. 1550 Main St., and (for mail) 443 Richmond GOODRICH, Charles F, (1919). Andrews & Ave.. Buffalo. N. Y. Goodrich. Inc., 88 Broad St., Boston, Mass. -GIBSON, John H. (1921), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) GOODWIN, Samuel L. (1924), Consulting Engr., Whitlock Coil Pipe Co., 726 Commercial Trust Heat, and Vent., T. W. Lamb. 644 Eighth Ave., Bldg., Philadelphia, and Merton, Pa. New York, N. Y.t and (for mail) 247 Madison GIESECKE, F. E.* (t913), (for mail) Prof, of Ave., Hasbrouck Heights. N. J. Archt. Engr., University of Texas, University GORDON, Edward B,, Jr. (1908). Chas. L. Sta.. and 901 East 24th St., Austin. Tex. Pillsbury Co., Capital National Bank Bldg.. St. GIFFORD, Robert L. (1908), Pres.. Illinois Paul, and (for mail) 3215 Girard Ave., S.. Min Engineering Co.. Chicago, 111., and (for mail) neapolis. Minn. ' 1231 S- El Molino Ave.. Pasadena, Cahf. GORDON, Edward G. (1923), Robert Gordon. GIGUERE, Geo. H. (1920). Mech. Engr., c/o Inc., 1355 W. Washington Blvd., and (for mail) State Archt., and (for mail) 623 Fountain St.. Ann 1621 Lunt Ave., Chicago, III.' Arbor. Mich. GORMLY, John* (Charter Member; Honorary GILBERT, Maxwell F. (Associate 1915), Mgr. Member; Pres. 1906). Council 1889; Board of (for mail) Richardson & Boynton Co.. 1308 Arch Governors 1900-1903; 1st Vice-Pres., 1904), 5t., Philadelphia, and 138 Fernbrook Ave., 410 E. Marshall St., Norristown, Pa. Wyncote. Pa. GORMLY, P. (1919), R. D. No. 5. Norristown. Pa. GILBOY, John P. (1924). Heat, and Vent. Engr. GORNSTON, Michael H. (Associate 1923), P. S. (for mail) 407 Miller Bldg., and 718 Prescott 109, Dumont Ave.. and Powell St., and (for mail) Ave.. Scranton. Pa. 251 Crescent St., Brooklyn, N. Y. GILES, Edward H. (1919), Dist. Mgr., Pierce. GORTON, G. H. (Associate 1924), W. B. Young Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. (for mail) 31st and ' Supply Co., 208 Delaware St., Kansas City, Mo. Oxford Sts., and Stonleigh Court Apts., 46th and GORTNER, John W. (1919), Heat.. Vent, and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Sanitary Plumber (for mail) A. W. Gortner and GILLESPIE, Raymond B. (1924). Sales Repr. Son, 318 Sunbury St., and 42 N. Sixth St.. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 24tb and Shamokin. Pa. Blake Sts., and Denver Athletic Club. Denver, GOSS, Mathew H. (1921), Estimator and Engr., Colo. The Brown Co.. 1053 Baltimore Ave.. W.. and GILLETT. Merrlman C. (1916), Sales Engr.. (for mail) 3632 Helen Ave.. Detroit. Mich. Standard Heater Co., Walnut St., WUlamsport. GOSSETT, Earl J. (1923). Pres.. Bell & Gossett and (for mail) 6600 Rising Sun Ave.. Phila Co.. 117 N. Dearborn St., and 6719 Newgard delphia. Pa. Ave.. Chicago. 111. GILLHAM, Walter E.* (1917). (Council 1924) GOTTWALD, C. (Associate 1916), Pres, (for mail) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 409 Interstate Bldg., Ric-Wil Co., Union Trust Bldg.. Cleveland. O. and 3427 Belliontain. Kansas City.- Mo. GRAEFF, Richard J. (1920). Pres, (for mail) R- J. GILLING, William F., Jr. (Associate 1919). Graeff, Inc., 1048 Beaubien St., and 1926 Euclid Asst. Mgr.. American Radiator Co.. 129 Federal Ave.. W.. Apt. 6-A, Detroit, Mich. ' St.. Boston, and (for mail) 29 Abbott Rd., GRAHAM, Edwin H. (Associate 1924). (for mail) Wellesley Hills. Mass. . Mgr., Crane Co., 1328 West 12th St., and 5410 GILMORE,- Frank P. (1923). Sales Engr.. Peerless Unit Ventilation Co.. 100 Boylston. Boston, Mass. GILMORE, R. E. (1923). Mech. Engr. (for mail) c/o Schmidt, Garden & Martin, 104 S. Michigan Ave., and 3917 Rokeby St.. Chicago, 111. GIVIN, Albert Wm. (Associate 1925), Mgr. (for mail) Taylor Forbes Co.. Ltd.. 1070 Homer St., and 2609 Hemloch St., Vancouver, B. C. GLASSEY, J. Wilbur (1922), Partner (for mail) Vapor Engr. Co., 10 South 18th St., Philadelphia, and Wyndmoor, Chestnut Hill, Pa. State Line Rd., Kansas City. Mo. GRAHAM, Wm. D. (Junior 1923), Dist Mgr., and (for mail) York Heat. & Vent. Corp.. 307 Ply mouth Bldg.. Cleveland., and 1549 Cordova Ave.. Lakewood. O. GRASSLER, Edmund (Associate 1919). (for mail) Grassier & Gezelschap, 214 Third St..- and 750 Summit Ave.. Milwaukee. Wi3. GRAVES, Ralph E. (Assocaite 1923). Factory Repr. (for mail) The Fulton Co.. 1014 Holland Bldg.. St. Louis, and 8526 Florence Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. GRAVES, Willard B. (1906). Pres, (for mail) W. GLEASON, Gilbert H. (1923), 25 Huntington ' B. Graves Heating Co., 162 N. Desplaines St., Ave., Boston, and 43 Clyde St., NewtonviUe. Chicago and 254 Edgewood PL, River Forest, IU. Mass. GRAY, George A. (1924). (for maU) C. A. Dun GLORE, Evins F.* (Associate 1916), Treas. and ham Co.. Ltd.. 205 Roy Bldg., and 17 Walnut Sales Mgr., Abram Cox Stove Co.. American St.. Halifax. N. S. . and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., and (for GRAY, William E. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) , mail) 715 Riverside Dr.. New York, N. Y. Moore Dry Kiln Co., State St., and 903 Farragut GODFREY, Foskett H. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) PL. S. Jacksonville. Fla. General Boilers Co., 2021 L. C. Smith Bldg., and ' College Club, Seattle, Wash. GREASON, David R. (Associate 1924). 72 West 101st St., and (for mail) 4 Grassy Sprain Rd.. GOLDBERG, Harry M. (Junior 1923), John J. Yonkers. N. Y. Nesbitt, Inc., 48 East 41st St., New York, N. Y. GREBE, Henry W. (1919). Pres, (for mail) Central GOLDSTEIN, A. M. (1923), (for mail) Federal Asbestos & Magnesia Co., 214 W. Grand Ave,. Heat. Co.. 310 13th St., N.W., and 1501 Varnum and 2650 Wilson Ave-, Chicago, IIL St.. Washington, D. C. . GREEN, Charles E. (1924), Vice-Pres, and Gen. GOLDSCHMIDT, Otto E. (1915), Consulting . Sales Mgr. (for mail) Midwest Air Filters, Inc.. Engr., 116 West 39th St., New York. N. Y. 100 East 45th St.. New York. N. Y. 16 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 GREEN, William C. (1906), Warren Webster Co.. 310 Provident Bank Bldg., Cincinnati, O. GREENE, Walter C. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) W. C. Greene Co., 1629 Union Trust Bldg., Cleveland, and 2400 Demington Dr., Cleveland. O. GRETZINGER, Franklin (1919). Mech. Engr.. Land Title Bldg., and (for mail) 2124 North 17th St., Philadelphia. Pa. GRIER, William (1908). P. O. Box 75, Cincinnati, O. GRIFFIN, Frank A., Jr. (1917), (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co.. 2030 Walnut St., and 3930 S. Benton St., Kansas City. Mo. ' GRIFFIN, John J. (1921), Pres..(for mail) Inter national Eng. & Supply Co.. Suite 609-11 Tower Bldg., Sixth and Olive Sts., and 3662 Humphrey St., St. Louis. Mo. GRIFFIN. Porter C. (1923). Hutton Bros. Co.. 9 Union St., and (for mail) 151 Oak St., Winsted, Conn. GRIFFITH. Morgan R. (Associate 1922).' Cana dian Blower & Forge Co., 186 King St., Toronto, Ont. GRILL, Guido E. (Junior 1922). Designer (for mail) Clark. McMullen & Riley, 101 Park Ave., New York, and 90 Alter Ave.. Dongan Hills, Staten Island. N; Y. GROOM, Stanley L, (1920), Managing Director, Buffalo Forge Co., Ltd.. 24 Buckingham Gate, and (for mail) Homestead Thrale Rd., Streatbam. London, England. GROSCUP, William F. (1923). (for mail) c/o The Groscup Co,, Inc., 2549 St. Paul and 26th St., and 3409 Springdale Ave.. Baltimore, Md. GROSS, Raymond A. (1923), Vice-Pres., and Treas., Ben Rigby. Inc.. 604 W. Lake St.. Chicago, and (for mail) 527 N. Washington St.. Park Ridge, IU. * GROSSMAN, Howard M. (1922). Dist. Mgr.. Burnham Boiler Corp., and (for mail) 634 Race Ave.. Lancaster, Pa. GROSVOLD, Fred E. (1917), Plbg. and Heat, (for mail) 411 Grand Ave.. E., and 603 Main St., Eau Claire. Wis. GROTZ, Arthur B. (1921). Treas., Patterson Kelly Co.. 101 Park Ave.. New York, and (for mail) 17 Cambridge PL, Brooklyn. N. Y. GRUMBE1N, Irwin F.* (1915). Pres, (for mail) National Heat. & Vent. Co.. 736 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, and Lebanon. Pa. GUEST, Peyton L. (1921). Pres.. Smith & Guest. 19 Houston St., and (for mail) 247 McLinden St., Atlanta. Ga. GUNN, Joseph F. (1924). Pres.. Heckel-Gunn Heat.. 3685 Olive St., and 4325 North 21st St.. St. Louis, Mo. GUNTON, William (1923). (for mail) 1400 44th St., and Success Heater Mfg. Co., Des Moines, la. GUSTAFSON, T. E. (Junior 1923). U. S. Radiator Corp.. 500 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. 111. *H HAAS, Samuel L. .(1923), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Advance Heat. Co.. 117-119 N. Desplaines St., and 1513 Fargo Ave., Chicago, 111. HAAS. William (1915), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) The William Haas Co., 429 E. Third St and 1632 S. Wayne Ave., Dayton, O. ' HACKETT, Charles P. (Associate 1921), Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., Cunard Bldg.. 220 South '16th St., Philadelphia, and 61 W. Eagle Rd.. Upper Darby. Br.. Pa. . HACKETT, H. Berkeley (1921). Mech. and Con sulting Engr. (for mail) 505 Chestnut St., Phila delphia. Pa. '' HACKNEY, Henry (Associate 1919), Contr. and Engr., 34 W. Fifth St., and 1541 E. Seventh St.. . Charlotte. N. C. HADEN, George N. (Junior 1922). G. N. Haden & Sons. Ltd.. Trowbridge, and Owens Cottage, Hilperton near Trowbridge. England. HADEN, William N. (1902), G. N. Haden & Sons. Ltd., Silver St.. Trowbridge. England. HADESTY, Alfred L., Jr. (1921), 130 E. Broad St., Tamaqua, Pa.- HAGEDON, Charles H. (1919). Ch. Engr., Weinshank & Fenstermaker, 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg., and (for mail) 4156 Broadway Indian apolis, Ind. HAILEY, Syd Houston (1925). Asst. Engr.. 924 Broadway and (for mail) 3737 Harding Rd., Nashville. Tenn. HAINES. John J. (1915). Vice-Pres, and Secy.. The Haines Co.. 1933 W. Lake St.. Chicago. IIL HALE, Frank M. (Associate 1923). Chandler Pump & Supply Co., 931 W. Eighth St., Kansas City, Mo. HALE, John F.* (1902; Pres. 1913), (Board of Governors 1908; 1910; 1st Vice-Pres. 1912; Council 1914), Pres., Atmospheric Conditioning Corp.. 920 Lafayette Bldg.. Phialdelphia, Pa. HALEY, Harry S.* (1914). Consulting Engr. (for mail) Leland & Haley, 58. Sutter St., and 735 21st Ave.. San Francisco, Calif. HALLER, Arthur L. (1920), Engr. (for mail) Hunt Heat. Co., 1515 Oliver St.. St. Louis, and 530 Yeatman Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. HALLETT, Edwin S.* (1918). (Council 1921 1923), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Board of Education, Bd. of Education Bldg., and 5156 Cabanne Ave., St. Louis. Mo. HALLEY, Wilson H. (Junior 1923; 1925). Designer and Engr. (for mail) Langenberg Mfg. Co'.. 4519 N. Euclid Ave., and 6134 West Park Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. HAMJY, Paul W. (1924). Heat, and Vent. Contr. (for mail) 611 Mohawk St., and 606 Kossuth Ave.. Utica, N. Y. HAMLET, Francis A. (1922). Draftsman and Estimator, W. J. Evans. Heat. Contr.. 4 Park Ave;. Montreal, and (for mail) Provincial Hotel. Gananoque. Ont.. Can. HAMLET, Thomas F. (1920). Sales Engr., Darling Bros.. Ltd., 120 Prince St., and (for mail) 34 Burton Ave., Westmount, Montreal. Que. . HAMLIN, Harry A. (Associate 1910), Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 427 Brainard St., Detroit, and 1210 Winona Ave., Highland Park. Mich. HAMMER. H. M. (1920). Economy Steam Spe cialty Co.. 608 Fullerton Bldg., and 4411 Clarence Ave., St. Louis, Mo. HANES, J. W. E. (Junior 1922), Designer (for mail) Dell S. Reynolds, Engrs., "Dome" Hill- street Bldg., Los Angeles, and 337 Carroll Park, W., Long Beach, Calif. HANKIN, Richard (1898), Vice-Pres.-. John Han- kin & Bro., 228 Cherry St., New York, N. Y., and (for mail) 279 Main St.. Passaic. N. J. HANLEY. John H., Jr. (1923). Vice-Pres. and Ch. Engr.. Reed Engr. Co., 50 Church St.. New York, and (for mail) 816 Rugbey Rd., Brooklyn. N. Y. HANSEN, John (1921), Heat. Engr., Nilson Bros., 3222 N. Halsted St., and (for mail) 2611 Kimball Ave., Chicago. 111. HANSON, E. W. (1922). Engr. and Estimator, W. N. Sauer Co.. 806 Chestnut St., and (for mail) 919 Eldora PL. Pittsburgh, Pa. HANSON, Henry A. (Associate 1923), Pres, (for mail) Hexo Mfg. Co.. Inc.. 5620 Grand Central Terminal, New York, and 330 Johnson Ave.. Teaneck, N. J. HANSON, Leon C. (Associate 1918), Bjorkman Bros., 712 South 10th St.. Minneapolis. Minn. HARB1SON, Earl J. (Associate 1924), J. E. Harbinson, 211J^ Union St., and (for mail) 15 Brickwood Blvd., Schenectady, N. Y. HARBULA, Michael G.* (1921). Air Conditioning Engr., Drying Systems, Inc.. 11 S. Desplaines St.. and (for mail) 2040 East 68th St.. Chicago. III. HARDING, Louis A.* (1911), (Council 1922; 1924), Pres, (for mail) L. A. Harding Constr. Corp. 1335 Main St., and 85 Cleveland Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. ,_ HARE. Edgar S. (1920). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) William Hare's Sons Co.; 46 14th St., Wheeling. W. Va.. and West Alexander, Pa. 17 Roll of .Membership HARMS, William T.* (1917), Heat. Contr.. 1173 Clark Ave., Detroit, Mich. HEATHERTON, James M. (Associate 1904) Pres, and Editor (for mail) Plumbers Trade Journal HARR1GAN, Edward M. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Harrigan & Reid Co., 1705 First St., and 7450 Publishing Co.. 239-241 West 30th St., New York, and 395 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. La Salle Blvd., Detroit, Mich. ' HECK, George L., Jr. (Associate 1921), Sales HARRINGTON, Chas. (1923), P. O. Box 891. Halifax. N. S. , Engr. (for mail) Garden City Fan Co.,' 1842 McCormick Bldg., and 7522 Cornell Ave., HARRIS, Emery E. (1916), Vice-Pres. (for mail). Chicago. 111. Pittelkow Heat, and Eng. Co.. 312 W. Lamed St., and 1492 Bewick Ave., Detroit, Mich. HECKEL, Edmund P. (1918), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 1032 Burnham Bldg.. HARRIS, Henry * W. (Associate 1924), J. R. Chicago, and 314 Cuttriss PL, Park Ridge, 111. Brockenan Mfg. Co.. 617 N. Second St., and 4296 Washington Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. HEDGES, H. Berkley (1919). Mgr. (for mail) York Heat. & Vent. Corp., 149 Broadway, New HARRIS, Jesse B. (1918), (for mail) Rose & Harris, Engr., 417 Northwestern National Life Ins. York. N. Y., and 1021 Park Lane, Plainfield. N. J. HEDLEY, Park S. (1923). W. A. Chase & Son Bldg., 15th and Oak Grove Sts., and 3620 Colfax Mfg. Co., 31 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. Ave., S.. Minneapolis. Minn. HEEBNER, Walter M. (1922), Heat, and Vent. HARRISON, Burt S. (1908), Ch. Engr.. Drying. Engr. Warren Webster & Co.. 15 West 34th St.. Systems. Inc., 11 S. Desplaines St., and (for New York, N. Y.. and (for mail) 362 Highwood mail) 2914 Washington Blvd.. Chicago, 111. St., Bogota, N. J. HARRISON, James M. (1919), Vice-Pres. (for HEIBEL, Walter E. (1921), (for mail) Thomas mail) McCann-Harrison Co.. 5005 Euclid Ave., Haverty Co., Eighth and Maple Sts., and 956 and 2041 East 96th St., Cleveland, O. S. Dacotah St., Los Angeles, Calif. HART, Harry M.* (1912; Pres. 1916), (Council IIEILES, Frederick C. (Junior 1914; 1920), 1914; 1st Vice-Pres. 1915; Council 1917), Pres.. Consulting Engr., 13 Central Ave., Newark, L. H. Prentice Co., 330 S. Sherman St., and and (for mail) 34 Boyden Parkway. Hilton, N. J. 5409 Winthrop Ave., Chicago, 111. HEILMAN, Russell H. (1923), Senior Industrial HARTMAN, Frank E.* (1924), Ch. Chemist, Fellow (for mail) Mellon Inst, of Industrial U. S. Ozone Co., and (for mail) George and High Research, and 7108 Willard St., Pittsburgh, Pa. . Sts., Scottdale, Pa. HEINLE, Earl L. (1920), Secy.-Treas., The Kain- HARTPENCE, Charles C. (1923), Box 337. Petersen-Heinle Co., 1364 East 34th St., Cleve Columbus. Ga. . land, and (for mail) 2206 Bellfield Ave., Cleve-- HARTWELL, Joseph C. (1922), Dept. Mgr. (for land Heights, O. . - mail) Grinnell Co.. Inc., 260 W. Exchange St., HELLERMAN, Harry H. (1902), Pres, and Gen. and 16 Freeman Parkway, Providence,- R. I. Mgr., The Penn Eng. Co., 312 Cherry St., HARVEY, Alex. D. (Junior 1925), Asst, to Sales Philadelphia, Pa. Mgr. (for mail) Nash Engr. Co., S. Norwalk, HELPHINGSTEIN, Otto (1919), Engr. and Supt- and Suburban Club, Stamford, Conn. Gen. Del.. Galveston. Tex. HASEY, Charles E. (1919), C. E. Hasey Co., 513 HENION, Hudson D. (Associate 1923), Mgr. (for Second Ave., S., and 2613 Third Ave., S., Min mail) Young Pump Co.. 96 Mary St.,' and 114 neapolis, Minn; Rosslyn Ave., S., Hamilton, Ont. HASKELL, Benj. E. (1925), Engr., Arthur B. HENRICH, George A. (1914), Pres, and Treas. Fels. 42 Union St.. Portland, and (for mail) (for mail) Geo. A. Henrich Co.. 702 N. Wells St 539 Brighton Ave., Woodfords, Me. and 548 Fullerton Parkway, Chicago. III. . HAUSER, Martin (1917), Pres. Engr., General HENRICI, Herman C. (1925), Pres., Henrici- . Heat. Supply Co., R. 1, Reliance Bldg., and Lowry Eng. Co., 404 Security Bldg., and (for 1316 East 42nd St., Kansas City, Mo. mail) 430 West 58th St., Kansas City, Mo. HAUSS, Charles F. (1922), Special Repr, for Far HERENDEEN, Frederick W. (1920). Secy, (for East (for mail) American Radiator Co., 4 Yuen mail) The National Boiler & Radiator Mfgs. Ming Yuen Rd., Shanghai, China. Assn., 29 Seneca,- St., and 815 S. Main St., HAUTZ, Edward H. (Associate 1923), Riester & Geneva, N. Y. ' Thesmacher Co., 1526 West 25th St., Cleveland, HERING, John B. (Junior 1922), Philip Hering & O. Son, 409 Belgrade St., Philadelphia, Pa.. HAWLEY, E. F. (Junior 1923; Associate 1925), HERLIHY, George F. (1922), Vice-Pres. (for Lloyd Miller, Inc., 539 Main St., Poughkeepsie; mail) J. J. Herlihy, Inc., 810 W. Congress St N. Y. 1 and 212 East 109th St- Chicago, 111. HAYES, James J. (1920), Sales Engr. (for mail) HERLIHY, Jermiah J. (1914), Pres, (for mail) Stannard Power Equipment Co., 926 Monadnock J. J. Herlihy, Inc., 810 W. Congress St., and Block, and 1423 East 66th PL. Chicago, 111. 3634 N. Keeler Ave- Chicago, III. HAYES, Partick iM. (Associate 1923), K. C. HERRICK, Daniel A. (1923). Factory Mgr. (for Asst. Mgr. (for mail) Dempster Mill Mfg. Co., mail) Julian D'Este Co- 26 Canal St.. Boston, ' 1307 West 11th St., and 4011 Kenwood, Kansas and 27 Agassiz St- Cambridge. Mass. City. Mo. HERRING, Edgar (1919), Managing Director HAYES, Joseph G. (1908), Mgr. and Engr. (for (for mail) J. Jeffreys & Co., Ltd- Barron's PL, mail) Hayes Bros., Inc., 236 W. Vermont St., . Waterloo Rd- London, S.E., and'Kenia."- and 2849 N. Capitol Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. ' Keowick Rd., Putney, London, S.W., 15, Eng HAYNES, Charles V. (1917), Vice-Pres. and Gen. land. ' Sales Mgr.. Hoffman Specialty Co., 25 West HERSH, Edgar E. (1916), Ch. Engr. and Asst. 45th St., New York, N. Y- and (for mail) 115 . Gen. Mgr., Hersh Bros. Co., 645 Mill St., and Llanfair Rd., Ardmore, Philadelphia, Pa. (for mail) 120 South 16th St., Allentown. Pa. HAYWARD, Ralph B. (1909). Pres, (for mail) HERSH, G. Willis (1917), Gen. Mgr., Hersh Bros. .R. B. Hayward Co.. 1714 Sheffield Ave., Chicago, Co- 645 Mill St., Allentown, Pa. and 201 S. Stone Ave.. La Grange, 111. HERTZ, H. Porter (1924), (for mail) Routledge ` HEAGERTY, Wm. H. (Associate 1923), Gen. & Hertz, Archts., 304 State Exchange Bk. Bldg- Mgr., Oil City Boiler Works, P. O. Box-137, Oil and 314 12th Ave- E- Hutchinson, Kans. - City. Pa. . HESS, Horace L. (1924). H. B. Smith Co- 17th HEAGLER, John M. (1922), Engr. (for mail) and Arch Sts- Philadelphia, Pa. American Foundry & Furnace Co., 508 Guardian HESTER, Thomas J. (1919), (for mail) Hester- Life Bldg., and 1646 Iglehart Ave., St.. Paul, Minn. Bradley Co- 4200 Forest Park Blvd- and 3704 Sylvan PL, Kenwood Springs, St. Louis, Mo. HEAP, Walter E. (1920). Mgr. (for mail) Charles . HETHERINGTON, Edward T. (1919), Sales R. Heap & Son, 26 Roe St., and 412 Delafield Engr. (for mail) 1718 Sansom St- and 3311 Ave.. W. New Brighton, Staten Island,'N. Y. North 16th St- Philadelphia, Pa. HEATH, Frederick R. (1913), Sales Engr., E. B. . HEYDON, Charles G. (Associate 1923), (for mail) Badger & Sons Co., 75 Pitts St.. Boston, and (for Wright-Austin Co- 315 W. Woodbridge St- and mail) 89 Trowbridge St., Cambridge, Mass. 2649 Nebraska St., Detroit, Mich. 18 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 HIBBS, Frank C. (1917), Salesman. H. B. Smith Co- S.E., cor. 17th and Arch Sts- and (for mail) 3203 Columbia Ave- Philadelphia. Pa. HIGGINS, John M. (1922), Salesman, H. B. Smith Co- 640 Main St- Cambridge 39, and (for mail) 84 Harlow St- Arlington, Mass. ` HIGGINS, Thomas J. (Junior 1923). Mgr. (for mail) Ross Eng..Co. of Canada. Ltd.._New Birks Bldg., Montreal, Que. HILDEBRANDT, Henry A. (1918), Supt. of Bldgs, and Grounds (for mail) University of Minnesota, and 323 Church St- S.E., Min neapolis, Minn. HILL, Charles H. (1917). Ch. Engr., State Normal School, Emporia, Kan. HILL, E. G. T. (1922), Heat, and Mech. Engr., E. G. Hill & Co- 20 Vermont Crescent- Newland, Hull, E. Yorks. England. HILL, Dr. E. Vernon* (Associate 1912; 1914; Pres. 1920), (Council 1915; 1917. 1921; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1918; 1st Vice-Pres. 1919), (for mail) E.. Vernon Hill Co- 64 W. Randolph St- and 4357 Kenmore Ave- Chicago, 111. HILL, Newell J. (1916), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 708 Architect's Bldg- and 1737 Atkinson Ave- Detroit, Mich. HILLMAN, R. Ward (1919). Gen. Mgr. Sales, (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River Ave- Detroit, and 80 Oakdale Blvd- Pleasant Ridge, Detroit, Mich. HILLS, Arthur H. (1924), Engr. C. A. Dunham Co- Ltd- 904 New Birks Bldg- and (for mail) 13 Royal Ave- Montreal, Que. HINCHMAN, E. G. (1923), (for mail) E. G. Hinchman Co- 1263 Atlantic Ave- and 547 Eastern Parkway. Brooklyn, N. Y. - HINKLE, Edwin C. (1911), Eastern Mgr., Buck eye Blower Co- 1400 Broadway, New York, and (for mail) 170 Franklin St- Hempstead, N. Y. HITCHCOCK, Frederick P. (1917), Pres, (for mail) H. & P. Sales Co- 1107 Continental Bldg- and 4938 Forest Ave.. Kansas City, Mo. HOBBS, J. Clarence (1920), Supt. of Power, Diamond Alkali Co- and (for mail) 126 Wood St- Painesville, O. HOBEN, Robert J. (1919). Pibg. and Heat. Contr. (for mail) 258-60 S. Van Pelt St- and 5102 Spruce St- Philadelphia, Pa. HOCHULI, Henry W. (1925). Sales Engr.. National Radiator Co- 47 West 42nd St- New York, N. Y- and (for mail) 206 Park Ave., Orange. N. J. HODGDON, Harry A. (1919), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Stone-Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co.. 171 Harrison Ave.. Boston, and (for mail) 153 Nor folk St- Wollaston. Mass. HOERSTING, Frank J. (1921). Hoersting & Holtmann, 1133 W. Third St- Dayton, O. HOESINGTON, Ned. P. (Associate 1923). (for mail) 102 Summit Ave- Bywood Heights. Upper Darby, P. O- Pa. HOFFMAN, Chas. F. (Junior 1925), (for mail) International Heater Co- 101 Park Ave- and 123 Grove Pl- Utica. N. Y. HOFFMAN, Chas. S. (1924), (for mail) Baker. Smith & Co.. Inc.. 576 Greenwich St- New York, N. Y.. and 19 Belvidere PL. Montclair. N. J. HOFFMAN, George D.* (1906), Hoffman Specialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave- New York, N. Y. HOFFMAN, Jame? D* (1903; Pres. 1910). (1st Vice-Pres. 1908; Board of Governors 1911: 1912), Prof, of Practical Mechanics, Head of Dept- Director of Practical Mechanics Labora- ' tory (for mail) Purdue University, and 323 University St- W- Lafayette, Ind. HOFT, Paul J. (Associate 1924; 1925), 245 S. Eighth St., Philadelphia, Pa. HOGAN, Edward L. (1911). Mgr., Air Condition ing Dept, (for mail) American Blower Co- 6004 Russell St- Detroit, Mich. HOGUE, Carl T. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr- San Angelo, Tex. HOIER, William V. (1917). Mgr. (for mail) Wm. V. Hoier Co- 701 N. Wells St- and 5960 Kenmore Ave- Chicago, 111. HOLBROOK, Frank M. (1923), Armstrong Cork Co- Linoleum Division, Lancaster, Pa. HOLLOWAY, Robert B. (Junior 1923). Engr., and Salesman, Gurney Heater & Mfg. Co- 108 North 17th St- Philadelphia, and (for mail) 26 W. Rockland St- Germantown, Pa. HOLMBERG, John A. (1924), 122 E. Lincoln. Lindsborg, Kan. HOLMES, Joseph (1921). Heat. Engr- 1902 Freeman St- Toledo, O. HOMANN, Frederick A. (1918), Sales Repr. (for mail) The Herman Nelson Corp- 1233 Marlyn Rd., Philadelphia, Pa. ' HONIBALL, Charles R * (1911), Pres- Charles R. Honibail Co- 156 Boundary St- Liverpool, England. ,. HOOK, C. Howard (1915), Pres- Peerless Heater Co- 5602 Baum Blvd- Pittsburgh, Pa. . HOOK, Maurice G. (1919), Mgr.. C. A. Dunham Co- 101 Park Ave- New York, and Gifford Park, Tuckahoe. N. Y. HOOVER, H. Earl (Associate 1922), Vice-Pres. (for mail) The Hoover Co., 1407 Railway Ex change, Chicago, and 1801 Green Bay Rd- Glencoe, III. . _ HOPKIN, William E. (1919), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Chas. E. Hopkin Co- 107 Bethlehem Pike and Wyndmoor Ave- Chestnut Hill, Phila delphia. Pa. HOPSON, William T. (1915), Hopson & Chapin Mfg. Co- New London. Conn. HOPWOOD, Arthur M. (1920). Sales Engr., Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts- and (for mail) 1842 Wellington St- Phila delphia, Pa. HORNUNG, John C. (1914), Engr. (for mail) 343 S. Dearborn St- Chicago, and Glencoe. 111. HOSTERMAN, Chas. C. (1924), McMurrer Co.. 303 Congress St- Boston, Mass. HOUGHTEN, F. C.* (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Secy-- A. S. H. & V. E., 29 West 39th St- New York, N. Y. HOUPT, George A. (1916), Engr., S. Faith Co lne.. Evans Ave. and Old York Rd- Willow Grove. Pa. HOWATT, John* (1915). Ch. Engr. (for mail) Chicago Board of Education, 650 S. Clark St and 7227 Oglesby Ave- Chicago, 111. HOWELL, Frank B* (1920), Director, Inst, of Thermal Research (for mail) American Radiator Co., 1807 Elmwood Ave.. and Westbrook Apts- North at Delaware Ave.. Buffalo. N. Y. HOWELL, Lloyd (1915), Ch. Engr. (for.mail) American Foundry & Furnace Co- .915 E. Washington St- and 1203 E. Jefferson St- Bloomington, 111. . HOYT, William B. (1919), Sales Mgr. and Secy, (for mail) National Bending Co- River and Lloyd Sts., New Haven and 39 Clifford St- Whit- neyville. Conn. HUBBARD, Allen (1919), Consulting Engr. (for mail) Hollis French and Allen Hubbard, 2l0 South St., Boston, and 51 Moritvale Rd- Newton Center, Mass. HUBBARD, Allen M. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Contr.. 1900 West 1st St- and 232 N. Vendome St- Los Angeles, Calif. HUBBARD, George W. (1911), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, 1417. Railway Exchange, Chicago, and 331 Bonnie Brae. River Forest, III. ', HUBBARD, Nelson B. (1919), Consulting Engr., 1504 Broadway. Rm. 614, and 2985 Blaine Ave- Detroit, Mich. HUBERT, Jack W. (1924), Vice-Pres- Barron- Hubert Co.. Inc., 126 West 64th St- New York, N. Y. HUGH, Aloysius J. (1919), Gen. Mgr. of Sales, (for mail) Central Supply Co- 312 S. Third St- and 4037 Harriet Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. HUCKEL, Frank, Jr. (1920), Mgr- Heati Dept., Keystone Supply & Mfg. Co- 907 N. Ninth St- Philadelphia, and (for mail) 5335 Wingohocking Terrace. Germantown. Pa. ' 19 Roll of Membership HUCKER, Joseph H. (1921), Sales Engr., Haynes Selling Co., Inc., 1711 Sansom St., Philadelphia, and 715 Stanbridge St., Norristown. Pa. HUETHER, Chas. C. L. (1924), Heat. Vent. Air Conditioning, Power and Mech. Equip, (for mail) Atlantic Eng. Co.. 206-9 Title Annex Bldg., and 3814 Kate Ave.. Forest Park, Baltimore. Md. HUGHES, Willard C. (1921). (for mail) Wicks- Hughes & Co., 224 Genesee St., and 16 Cottage PI.. Utica. N. Y. HULL, Bret R. (1910). Engr. and Contn, 406 Poyntz Ave., Manhattan. Kan. HUMPHREY. D. E. (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, and 128 S. Fourth St. Cuyahoga Falls, O. HUMPHREYS. Aurelius E. (1911), Mgr.. O'Mara Heat. Co.. 504 Victoria Bldg., St. Louis. Mo. HUNT, Phil M. (1922), Steam and Heat. Engr. Dept., Crane Co., 221 West 1st St., and (for mail). 32 West 14th St.. Oklahoma City, Okla. HUNT, Richard B. (1912), Mgr., 414 S. Fourth Ave.. Mt. Vernon. N. Y. HUNTER, Wallace S. (Associate 1924), (for mall), United Plumbers Supply Co., Inc., 146th and Exterior Sts., and 254 East 202nd St., New York, N. Y. ` . HURLEY, Joseph C. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Petroleum Fuel Eng. Co.. 4028-32 Filbert St., and 21 South 61st St.. Philadelphia, Pa. HUSBAND, Edward Woods (1922), Heat. Engr., Geo. Frederick Hall. Archt.. 807 Union Trust Co. Bldg., and (for mail) 114 Corinth St., Providence, R. I. . HUTCHISON, J. E. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Isaac Hathaway Francis. 1520 Locust St., and 5129 Newhall St.. Philadelphia. Pa. HUTTON. William (1919), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Hutton Bros. Co., 9 Union* St., and 28 Spring St., Winsted, Conn. HUTZEL. A. F. (1916). (for mail) HutzeJ & Co.. 119 E. Washington St., and 722 W. Washington St., Ann Arbor, Mich. ' HUTZEL, Hugo F. (1918). Engr. (for mail) American Radiator Co.. 1807 Elmwood Ave., and 85 Crestwood Ave.. Buffalo; N. Y. HUTZEL, Max H. (1923). (for mail) Hutzel & Co.. Hutzel Bldg., and 731 N. Elm St.. Muncie. Ind. HUTZEL, Victor C. (1923), (for mail) Hutzel & Co., Hutzel Bldg., and 401 E. Main St., Muncie. Ind. . HUZZARD, Edward C. (Associate 1924), Fleck- Marshall Plbg. & Heat. Co.. Hazel and Water Sts., and R. D. No. 7, Lancaster, Pa. HYMAN, Wallace M. (1920) Vice-Pres. (for mail) Reis & O'Donovan, Inc.. 253 West 28th St., and 210 West 70th St., New York, N. Y. HYNES, Lee P.* (1919), Pres., Hynes & Cox Electric Corp.. 406 N. Pearl St., and 50 S. Man ning Blvd., Albany, N. Y. I ICKERINGILL, John (1923), Sales Engr.. c/o Standard Heater Co., Otis Bldg., Philadelphia, and 235 Rector St., Roxborough, Pa. ' IDDLES, Alfred (1921), Ch. Power Engr. (for mail) Day & Zimmerman, Inc,. 1600 Walnut St., Philadelphia, and 304 Conestoga Rd., Wayne. Pa. IMPEY, Paul F. (Junior 1921; Associate 1925), Heat. Engr., John C. Moninger Co., 900 Black- hawk St., and (for mail) 3842 N. Mozart St., Chicago. 111. ' INGALLS. F. D. B. (1906), Sales Engr. Br. Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 136 Federal St.. Boston, and 1 Hopkins St., Reading, Mass. INGLES, Margaret M* (Junior 1918; 1923). Research Engr. (for mail) U. S. Bureau of Mines, and 238 N. Dithridge St., Pittsburgh. Pa. INNIS, Helen R.* (Junior 1918; 1921). (for mail) Donnelly Systems Co.. 9 Murray St., New York, and 34 McDonough St., Brooklyn, N. Y. IRWIN, Clarence W. (1924), c/o V. G. Ralston, 1004-7 L. & J. Bank, and (for mail) 729 Campbell Ave.. Waterloo, Iowa. ' ISSERTELL. Henry G.* (Associate 1912: 1913), Sales Engr. (for mail) Bldg. Equip. Section, General Electric Co.. 120 Broadway. New York, N. Y. J JACKSON, Charles H. (1923), Bayley Mfg. Co.. 732 Greenbusb St., Milwaukee. Wis. JACKSON, Charles J. (Associate 1912), Local Mgr. (for mail) Jenkins Bros.. 646 W. Washing ton Blvd., Chicago, and 323 Hazel Ave., Glencoe. I1L JACKSON, Marshall S. (1919). (for mail) Heat & Power Plant Equip., 232 Delaware Ave., and 108 Larchmont Rd., Buffalo, N. Y. JACOBUS, Dr. David S. (1916). Advisory Engr.. Babcock & Wilcox Co.. 85 Liberty St.. New York, N. Y. JALIEN, John J. (1922). Staff Engr. (for mail) Schwab Import Co., 552 Seventh Ave., and 365 West U8th St.. New York, N. Y. JANES, Arthur (1919), Pres., Arthu Janes Co.. Scarsdale, N. Y. JANET, Harry L. (1920), Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark. N. J.. and 688 Decatur St., Brooklyn, N. Y. JARVIS, Geo. E. (1923). Secy.. Estimator, Heat, and Vent.- Engr. (for mail) A. E. Holmes & Bros- Co.. 911-15 Banks Ave., and 1626 Baxter Ave., Superior, Wis. JAYNES, Eubertls L. (1918), Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Northwestern Furnace & Supply Co., 619 Washington Ave., S., and 4849 Girard Ave., S.. Minneapolis, Minn. . JELLETT, Stewart A.* (Charter Member; Pres. 1895), Board of Managers 1896-1897; Secy. 1898; Board of Managers 1899), Consulting and Constr. Engr., Pres, (for mail) Stewart A. Jellett Co., 1200 Locust St., and 6701 Lincoln Dr., Mount Airy, Philadelphia. Pa. JENKINS, Harry E. (Associate 1923), Sales Mgr. Radiator Div. (for mail) U. S. Cartridge Co., and 343 High St., Lowell, Mass. JENNINGS. Frederick W. (Associate 1905), Ash- well & Nesbit. Ltd.. 12 Great James St., Bedford Row. London, W. C.. England. JENNINGS. Irving C. (1924), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) The Nash Engr. Co., and 148 Flax Hill Rd., South Norwalk, Conn. JENNINGS, Stanley A. (Junior 1924; Associate 1925), Salesman (for mail) Darling Bros., 77 York St., and 15 Brookmount Rd., Toronto. Ont. JENNINS. Henry H; (1901). Edwin Oldroyd & Co., Ltd.. Crown Works, and (for mail) 15 Grange View. Chapeltown Rd., Leeds,- England. JENSON, Jeaa S. (1912), 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago'. III. ' JOHN, Benjamin F. (1920), Pres, (for mail) Benj. F. John Co., 1003 Race St., and 881 North 24th St., Philadelphia.-Pa. JOHNSON, Carl W. (1912), Pres, (for mail) C. W. Johnson, Inc., 211 N. Desplaines St., and 1809 Morse Ave., Chicago. III. JOHNSON, Edward B. (1919), Sales Engr.. Staten Island Supply Co., 1390 Richmond Terrace, and (for mail) 154 Wardwell Ave.-, West New Brighton, N. Y. - JOHNSON, Fred W. (1916). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Johnson. Larsen & Co., 693-703 Monroe Ave., Detroit, and R. F. D. 4, Birmingham. Mich. JOHNSON, Paul H. (Associate 1924), Engr., E. 1 H. Sheldon Co., and (for mail) 205 Washington- Ave. Muskegon, Mich. *' JOHNSON, Ralph B. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co., 411 East 10th St.; and 2117 East 68th St., Terrace, Kansas City. * Mo. ' JOHNSON, Tracy R. (1924), Trane Co. (for mail) 315 Y. M. C. A., La Crosse, Wis. JOHNSTON, James A. (1912), Member of Firm, Archt. and Engr. (for mail) Carheal & Johnston, 806 Va. Ry. & Power Bldg., and 1411 Grove Ave., Richmond. Va. 20 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 JOHNSTON, William B. (Associate 1916; 1921). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Ideal Furnace Co., 530 . Jefferson Ave., W., and 1667 Atkinson Ave., Detroit, Mich. . JOHNSTON. Wm. H, (1924). Pres, (for mail) Johnston Heat. Co., 131 East 26th St., New York, and 19 Magnolia Ave., Larchmont. N. Y. JOLLIFFE, Arthur H. (Associate 1918). Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp.. 712-16 ' Boyce Bldg., 500 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. III. JONES, A. Marshall (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Machinery Mfgs. Sec., Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg- Co., E. Pittsburgh, and 209 Biddle Ave., Wilkinsburg. Pa. JONES, D. C.( Associate 1924). (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co., 200 Builders Exchange, and 4508 29th Ave., S., Minneapolis. Minn. JONES, David J. (1919), Mech. Asst, (for mail) Illinois Central Railroad Co.. Rm. 700. Dowie Bldg., and 425 East 89th-PI., Chicago. 111. JONES, Edwin (Junior 1924), Watt Plbg. Heat. & Supply Co.. Box. 582. Tulsa. Okla. JONES, Edwin A. (1919), Constr. Engr. (for mail) Williams Raditor Co., I860 W. Washington, Los Angeles, and 343 12th, Santa Monica, Calif. JONES, Edwin F. (1923). Consulting Engr., 301 Zenith Bldg., and (for mail) 1358 Ashland Ave., St. Paul. Minn. JONES, Ernest F. (1923), Mgr. Heat. Deot. (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co.. 1351 West 37th PL, and 3350 Gladys Ave.. Chicago. III. - JONES. Harold L. (1920). Asst. Supt. (for mail) W. W. Farrier Co.. 44 Montgomery St.. Jersey City, and 11 Cambridge Rd., Glen Ridge. N. J. JONES. Ivor R. (Junior 1923). (for mail) Isaac H. Francis. 1520 Locust St., Philadelphia, and 344 Taylor Terrace. Chester. Pa. JONES, Louis T- (1921). Salesman. 3700 Highland Ave.. Drexel Hill. Del. Co.. Pa. JONES, Raymond E. (1919). Vice-Pres. (for mall) Haynes Selling Co.. Inc.. 1711 Sansom St.. Philadelphia, Pa., and 39 West End Ave., Haddonfield, N. J. JONES, William R. (1922), Engr. of Plant. University' of -Pennsylvania. 3446 Walnut St., ' and (for mail) 550 South 48th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. JONES, William T. (1915). 11 Rossmere St.. Newtonville, Mass. JOYCE, Walter P. (Associate 1924). Heat. Engr. (for mail) 2039 Hardesty Ave.. Kansas City. Mo. JUNG. John S, (Associate 1923), 554 Layton Blvd., Milwaukee, Wis. JUNKERS. Prof- Hugo (1925), Pres.. Junkers Corp. of America. 342 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y- and 21 Kaiser Platz. Dessau, Germany. JUTTNER, Otto J. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Juttner Heating Co., 432 Jefferson St., and 496 Newton Ave., Milwaukee,'Wis. K KAHN, Henry P- (1919), Salesman, Hoffman ' Specialty Co., 512 Fifth Ave., and (for mail) 456-West 148th St..' New York. N. Y. KAISER, Harry S- (Junior 1924), Heat, and Vent., ' Hanley & Co., 6 N. Clark-St., and (for mail) ' 3608 Wilson Ave.. Chicago. 111. KAMMAN, Arnold R. (Junior 1921). 156 York St.. Buffalo.- N. Y. KAMMERER, William Chas. (1923), Mech. Engr.. Hadlow. Hick & Co.. 412 Finance Bldg., Cleveland, and (for mail) 1491 Clifton Blvd., Lakewood, O. . KAPPEL, George W. A. (1921), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Camden Heat. Co.. 8 Market St., Camden, N. J.. and 5844 Springfield Ave., . Philadelphia. Pa. KARLSON, Alfred F. (1918), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Parks-Cramer Co., 970 Main St., Fitchburg, and 8 Fairview St.. N-. Leominster. Mass. KARR, Theo., Jr. (1921). Pres, (for mail) Karr Supply Co., 325 S. High St., Belleville. 111. KASTELLO, August (1923); Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. Ltd.. 904 New Birks Bldg., and 112 Rutland Ave.. Town of Mt. Royal, Montreal,Que. KAUFFMAN, Rufus (1921). (for mail) 4308 N. Broad St., and 326 W. Seymour St., German town, Philadelphia, Pa. KAUFFMANN, Frederick F. (1922), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 13 North 13th St., Philadelphia, Pa., and 909 Pine St.. Camden. N. J. ' KEASBEY, Aertsen P. (1922), Vice-Pres.. Robt. A. Keasbey Co., 445 West St. New York, N. Y., and 6 Cobb Rd.. Mountain Lakes. N. J. KEENAN, P. Frank (Associate 1921), (for mail) Leo Flush Valve Co., 331 Madison Ave., New York, and 156 Ackroyd Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. KEENEY, Frank P. (Associate 1915), Pres, (for mail) Domestic Engineering, 1900 Prairie Ave., and 70th St., and the Lake. Chicago. 111. KEHM, August (1901), (Board of Governors 1908; 1911; 1st Vice-Pres. 1909), Pres.. Kebm Bros. Co.. 51 E. Grand Ave., Chicago, 111. KEISER, Walter (Associate 1920). Vice-Pres. (for mail) Air Conditioning & Eng. Co.. 2914 S. Jefferson Ave., and 2822 Jefferson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. KELLEY, James J. (Associate 1924), Vice-Pres, (for mail) Ballard Oil 'Burning Equipment Co., 289 Congress St.. Bos.ton, and 142 Governors Ave., Medford. Mass. KELLOGG, Alfred* (1916), (Council 1920-1921, 1923-1924), (for mail) 89 Franklin St., Boston, and 6 Hawthorne St., Waverly. Mass. KELLOGG, Clarence V. (Associate 1900), Pres, (for mail) Kellogg-Mackay Co., 419 West 18th St., and 1338 Fargo Ave., Chicago. HI. KELLOGG, Hosford D. (Associate 1916), Mgr., H. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts.. Philadel phia. and Haverford. Pa. KELLOGG, Thos. M. (Associate 1923), The Bishop & Babcock Co.. 444 Lafayette St., New York, N. Y. KELLY, John G. (Associate 1919).. Plbg. and Heat. Spec., 210 East 45th St., New York, and (for mail) 55 Cornel) Ave.. Yonkers. N. Y. KENNEALLY, Victor J. (1919). Engr. (for mail) V.-J.-Kenneaily Co., 256 Dover St., Boston. Mass.' KENT, Lawrence F. (Junior 1924), Vice-Pres. and Engr. (for mail) Moncrief Furnace Co.. P. O. Box 1673. 62 Hemphill Ave., Atlanta, and Smyrna. Ga-. R- F. D. No. 2. ' KERSHAW, Melville G. (Junior 1921), (for mail) c/o Dupont Engr. Co.. Wilmington, Del., and 3957 N. Percy St., Philadelphia, Pa. KERSJES, William (1922). Pres.. Wheeler. Blaney Co., 223 N. Burdick St., and (for mail) 728 Clinton St.. Kalamazoo, Mich. KEYES, Robert E. (1913). Construction Engr. (for mail) W. L. Fleisher 8t Co.. Inc.. 31 Union Sq.. W.. and 2497 Grand Ave.. New York. N. Y. KIEB, August A. (1924). c/o F. P. Merkel, 131 South 12th St., and (for mail) 112 South 10th St., Newark, N- J. KIEFER, Carl J. (1922). Consulting Engr., 901 Schmidt Bldg., Cincinnati, O. .. KIEWITZ. Arthur A. (1912). Heat. Engr. (for mail) 23-80 Chauncey St., Astoria. Long Island City. N. Y. KIEWITZ, Conway (1907). Engr., N. Y. Bd. o Education. Flatbush Ave., and Concord St., Brooklyn, and Floral Park. L. I., N. Y. KILLIAN. Maurice A. (1922), Glanz & Killian ' Co.. 1761 Forest Ave., W., Detroit, Mich. KILPATRICK, Wm. S. (1923), Engr. (for mail) H. S. McClelland, 823 East 15th St.. Los Angeles, Calif. KIMBALL, Charles W. (1915), Richard D. Kimball Co-. 6 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. KIMBALL. Dwight D.* (1908; Pres. 1915). (Board of Governors 1912; 1913; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1914; Council 1916) Consulting Engr. (for mail) 15 West 38th St., New York, and 230 23rd St., Jackson Heights. N. Y. - KIMBROUGH, Hal. C. (1914), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) American District Steam Co-. 712 First National Bank Bldg..' Chicago, and Hotel Windermere. Hyde Park. 111. KINEALY, John H.* (Charter Member; Pres. 1901), (1st Vice-Pres. 1698; Board of Governors 1902), Consulting Engr., 503 Granite Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. 21 Roll of Membership * KING, Thomson (1923). Sales Mgr., Gas Boiler Dept., Peerless Heater Co., 6602 Baum Blvd., Pittsburgh. Pa. KINGSBURY, James W. (1924). B. B. Shine. 224 E. Walnut St.. Green Bay. WisJ KINNER. J. E. (1924), Bryant Heater & Mfg. Co.. 952 East 72nd St., and 1453 East 116th St.. Cleveland. O. ' KINSEY, Albert J. (Junior 1923), 1088 King St.. Toronto. Oht. KIPE, J. Morgan (1919), Philadelphia Mgr.. Standard Heater Co.. 609 Otis Bldg., and Home stead and Beck Aves., Beechwood Park. Phila- . delphia. Pa. . KIRBY, W. C. (1918). Consulting Engr. (for mail) Grinnell Co., Inc.. 276 Marrietta St.. Atlanta, and 306 Ponce de Leon PL. Decatur, Ga. KIRK, Charles D. (1909). Mgr., Chas. D. Kirk Co.. Cor. Sargent and Colleen Sts., and 774 McMillian Ave., Winnipeg. Man. KIRK, George H. (1906). Engr. and Contr.. 6711 . Wentworth Ave., Chicago, III. KIRK, Leonard G. (1923), Pres.. L. G. Kirk Co.. 441 West 50th St., New York, and 859 Boulevard East, Weekawken. N. J. . KIRMES, Edwin W. (1923). Secy, and Ch. Engr. (for mail) Walworth-English-Flett Co.. 81 ' Commercial Wharf, Boston, and 29`Oakland St., Melrose. Mass. - KISSICK, J. J. (1918). Supervisor of Operation, Bd. of Education, Sixth and Rockwell Ave., and (for mail) 1768 Wayside Rd.. Cleveland. O. KITAURA.. Shigeyuki (1918). Mech. Engr., Monopoly Bureau, Dept, of Finance, Tokyo. Japan. KITCHEN. Francis A. (Junior 1923), John H. Kitchen Co. (for mail) 1012 Pioneer Trust Bldg., Kansas City. Mo. ' KITCHEN, John H. (1906). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) John H. Kitchen & Co.. 1016 Baltimore Ave. (Pioneer Trust Bldg.), and 5015 Westwood Terrace. Kansas City. Mo. KITTLE, F. C. (1923). (for mail) Lord & Burnham Co., and 42 Main St., Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y. KLAUSS, Louis J. (Junior 1921), Asst. Heat. Engr., Socony Burner Corp., 26 Broadway, and Farmingdale, L. I., N. Y. .KLEIN, Dr. Albert R. (1920), Panoramastrasse 23, Stuttgart, Germany. ' KLEIN. Edward W. (1917). S.E. Dist. Mgr. (for , mail) Warren. Webster & Co.. 618 Atlanta Trust Bldg., and 227 Myrtle St., Atlanta, Ga. KLEIN, Walter A. (1919), Pres, (for mail) Klein Heat. Co.. 4209 Olive St.; and 4061a Shaw Ave., St. Louis, Mo. KLIE, Walter (1915). Pres, (for mail) Smith & Oby Co.. 6107 Carnegie Ave.. and 18411 South Woodland Rd.. Shaker Heights, Cleveland. O. KLINE. George W., Jr. (1921). Kline & Co., 1222 Caltowhill St., and (for mail) 634 North 17th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. ' KLINE, Walter J. (1912), Sales Engr. (for mail) American Dist. Steam Co., North Tonawanda, and 186 Pine St.. Lockport, N. Y. KLONOWER, Arthur A. (1920), Mgr.. J. S. Cassedy Co.. 133 Austin St., Cdfhbridge, and . "The Breakers," Shore Dri, Lyiin,' Mass. KNAPP, A. F. (1923). Sales 'Engr.. (for mail) American Radiator Co.. 40 West 40th St., New ' York, N. Y.. and 419 Post Ave:; Lyndhurst, N. J. KNIGHT, Alvin B. (Associate 1916). Warren Webster & CoJ. 2123 Dime Bank Bldg., and 8818 Dexter Blvd., Detroit. Mich-iV*. KNOWLES, Arthur F. (Associate. 1914). Knowles Mushroom Ventilator Co.. ! 202. Franklin St.. New York, N. Y., and 135 Haddon PL, Upper Montclair. N. J. i KOCH, Harry O., (1916). Gen. Supt., American Heat. & Vent. Co.. 804 Times Dispatch Bldg.. Richmond. Va. ` ' KOEHLER, George T. (1923). Sales Engr.. Rich mond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway. New York, N. Y., and (for ?mail): 1111 Market St.. Harris burg. Pa. ; KOHLBRY, Edward G. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Kohlbry-Howlett Co., 63 W. Ontario St., Chicago, and 1144 Chestnut Ave., Wilmette, III. KOITHAN, William S. (1913). Sales Engr.. Koithan & Pryor. 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. - KORN. Chas. B. (1922). Rftber, Korn Co.. 215-221 N. Lumber St., and (for mail) 1022 S. Eighth St., Allentown. Pa. KRATZ. Alonzo P.* (1925). (for mail) University of Illinois, Dept, of Mech. Engr.. and 1003 Douglas Ave.. Urbana. 111. KREISSL, Hans C. (1925). Engr. (for mhil) American Radiator Co.. 816 S. Michigan Ave., and 630H Cornelia Ave.. Chicago, 111. KRESSLY, Maurice E. (1922). Heat, and Vent. Engr., Bureau of School Bldgs., Dept, of Pub. Instruction, and (for mail) 1941 Lenox St., Har risburg. Pa. * KRIEBEL, Arthur E. (1920), Sales Engr. (for mail) c/o Kriebel & Co.. 822 Green St.. Phila- . delphia, Pa., and Berwyn, Pa. - KRIES, Henry A. (1901) Pres, (for mail) Henry A. Kries & Sons Co-. 6 W. Lombard St., Balti more. and Catonsville, Md. KROEGER, Alvin (Associate. 1923), Chicago Mgr. (for mail) Richmond Radiator Co., 568 Wrigley Bldg., and 4056 N. Harding Ave., ` Chicago. 111. .` KRUEGER. James I. (1921). Mech. Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Itlinois Engineering Co.. 417 Market St.. Suite 320 and 775 Post St.. San Francisco, Calif. ' , KRUEGER. William E. (Associate 1924) Mgr. of Heat. Dept.. Passaic Plbg. Co.. Passaic, and (for mail) 453 Devon St. Arlington. N. J. KURKE, William F. (1922). Engr. (for mail) 211 Equity Bldg., and 820 12th St.. Fargo. N. D. LA BUNDY, Bert A. (Associate 1919). Heat. Engr., 2577 Oxford St., Memphis, Tenn. . LA FOLLETTE, Byron E. (1916). (for mail) The Tarpenning-La Follette Co., Engrs., and Sheet Metal Contrs.. 1030 Canal St., and 230 East 47th St., Indianapolis, Ind. LAGODZINSKI, Harry J. (Junior 1920), Sales Engr., llg Elec. Vent. Co.. 324 W. Monroe St., and (for mail) 3628 N. Tripp St.. Chicago, 111. LAIDLAW, Ernest J. (Associate 1923), Chine Co.. Ltd.. 306 Front St.. Toronto. Ont. LAMB. Foster W. (1906). F. W. Lamb Co.. 24 E. . Kinzie St., Chicago. 111. LAMSON, Frank S. (1924). Mgr. Heat, and Pump Dept., Central Supply Co;, 312 S. Third St., and (for mail) 2319 Dupont. S., Apt. 1. Minneapolis. Minn. _ LANCE, Joseph (1923), Harngan & Reid. 1705 First St., Detroit, Mich. LANDERS, John J. (Junior 1924). Engr., American Radiator Co.. 1 Austine St., and (for mail) 823 : Smith St.. Buffalo. N. Y. . LANE, Alfred M. (1916). Pres, (for mail) Monarch Metal Products Co..'5020 Penrose St., and 4238 . Lafayette Ave., St. Louis, Mo. LANE, Edward K. (1916). Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Lane-Bowen Co.. 201 Seventh St., and 333 Fourth St.. Lorain.- O. _ LANG, Lawrence, P. Junior 1925). Heat Engr. (for mail) Warren' Webster & Co., 549 W. Washington St., and 1508 Larrabee St.. Chicago. LANGENBERG, Everett B. (1914). Vice-Pres, (for mail) Langenberg. Mfg. Co.. 4525 N. Euclid- Ave.. St. Louis, and 7214 Pershing Ave.. Uni versity City, Mo. ,, LAPERLE. Lorenzo G. (1923), Asst. Supt., George H. Drake. Inc.. 218 Lexington Ave.. Buffalo. N. Y. *,, .,v LARIMER, George B. (1915). Pres, (for mail) Larimer-Lauer, Inc., 1824 S. Hope St., and 6666 Selma Ave.. Hollywood Sta., Los Angeles. Calif. LARIMER, Wm. McCoy (1922). Mgr. Heat. Dept.. M. J. O'Fallon Supply Co., 1621 15th St., and 159 W. Second Ave.. Denver. Colo. 22 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 LARSON, Gustus L. (1923), Professor of Steam and Gas Eng. (for mail) University of Wisconsin, and Route 7. Madison. Wis. . LARSON, J. M. (1924), (for mail) National Regulator Co.. 2301 Knox Ave., and 3541 Wright- wood Ave.. Chicago. III. LARSON, Wm. C. (1925), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Narrowetz Heat, and Vent. Co., 1711 Park Ave., and (for mail) 4224 N. Winchester Ave., Chicago, LATHAM, Geo. (1924), Engr. and Supt. of Plant (for mail) Edmonton Public School Bd., 504 Civic Block, and -11317 91st St., Edmonton, Alberta, Can. LAUTENSCHLAGER, Fred. (1915), Mgr. Green house Dept, (for mail) Brunswick-Kroeschell Co., 4221 Diversey Ave., and 3846 Alta Vista Terrace. Chicago. 111. " LAVAN, P. J. (1921). Heat. Contr.. 1319 Eighth Ave., and 4232 Bagley Ave., Seattle, Wash. " . LAWRENCE, Chas. E. (1922), N. Y. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Massachusetts Blower Co.. 444 Lafay ette St.. New York, and 52 Waldorf Court, Brooklyn. N. Y. LeBEAU, John F. (Junior 1921; 1924), Engr. in Charge of Heat, and Vent. Depta. and (for mail) Cascade Automatic Sprinkler Corp.. 5844 Grand Central Terminal, and 3505 Rochambeau Ave., New York. N. Y. .. LeCOMPTE, William G. (Associate 1914), Mgr. (for mail) Jenkins Bros., 80 White St., and 112 East 81st St., New York. N. Y. ' LEEK, Walter (1903), Leek & Co., 1090 Homer St., Vancouver, B. C. . LEES, Herbert K. (Junior 1912; 1924), Estimator (for mail) William Lees. 584 W. Washington Blvd.. Chicago. III. LEGIER, Edward W. (1924), Monarch Metal Products Co., 5020 Penrose St.. St. Louis, Mo. LEILICH, Roger L. (1922), Vice-Pres, and Mgr., Baltimore Heat. Corp.. 425 St. Paul PI., and 2810 Elsinor Ave., Baltimore. Md. * LEITCH, Arthur S. (1908), Managing Director,' The Arthur S. Leitch Co.. Ltd.. 1123 Bay St., and 421 Russell Hill Rd., Toronto, Can. LELAND, William E. (1915), Consulting Engr., 58 Sutter St., San Francisco. Calif. LENONE, Jose M. (1919). 4808 Dorchester Ave., Chicago, 111. . LEONHARD, Frederick (1921), Sales Engr. and Mgr., Jas. P. Marsh & Co., 536 East 123rd St., Cleveland. O. '. LEVIN, Joseph (Associate 1923), Power Equip ment Co., 1015 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Pa. . LEWIS, Edw. B. (1924), Engr. National Heat, and Vent. Co.. 619 Washington Ave., S., Minner . apolis. and (for mail) 2283 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul, Minn. , '% LEWIS, George C. (1919), Sales Engr. (for mail) American Heat. '& Vent. Co.. 1505 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. LEWIS, J. Clifford (1913), Lewis & Warren (for mail) 1001 Realty Bldg, and Upper River Rd., Louisville. Ky. LEWIS, L. Logan (1918), Secy, (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark and. 724 Carlton Ave., Plainfield, N. J. LEWIS, Samuel R.* (1905; Pres. 1914), (Board of , Governors 1909; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1910; Board of Governors 1912; Council 1915), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 407 S. Dearborn St., and 4737 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, III. LEWIS, Thornton (1919), (Council 1923-1924), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) York Heat ing and Ventilating Corp., 1502 Locust St., Phila delphia. and Merion Sta., Pa. LIBBY, Lawrence R. (1900), Pres, and Treas., .Libby & Blinn, Inc., 135 Sheldon St., and 269 New Britain Ave., Hartford, Conn. . LICHTY, A. J. Junior 1923), Engr. and Designer. . C. A. Dunham Co., 1631 Second Ave., N.. and 1011 Tuscaloosa Ave., Birmingham, Ala. LICHTY, Chas. P. (1920), Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Br. No. 22. 1631 Second Ave., and 1011 Tuscaloosa Ave., Birmingham, Ala.. LIND, Clarence C. (Junior 1921), Heat. Engr. and : Contr.. 1653 Mt. Ephraim Ave., Camden, N. J.- LINDEMAN, Henry Junior 1923),' Engr., -157 Foxall St.. Ridgewood, L. I.. N. Y. ./ LINDEMUTH, Nelson R. (Associate 1924), Vice- Pres. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Lindemuth Engr. Co., Inc., 155 N. George St., and 584 W. Princess St.. York, Pa. LINER, John J. (Associate 1916), Pres, (for mail). Philadelphia Asbestos Co., Roberts Ave., W. of Wayne Ave., Wayne Jet,. Philadelphia. Pa... and Hadden Ave., W. Berlin, N. J. LINHARD, Howard V. (Associate 1921), Dist. Mgr., Utica Heater Co., 1265 Griswold St., and (for mail) 7238 Webb Ave.. Detroit, Mich. LINN, Homer R. (1914), Engr., American .Radia tor Co.. 816 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, and (for mail) 321 S. Ashland Ave., La Grange. 111. LIPPE, Ernest V. (1922). Consulting Mech. Engr.. 332 S. La Salle St., Rm. 840, and (for mail) 5340 S. Kimbark Ave.. Chicago, 111. LIPPMAN, Orville S. (Associate 1920), Sales Repr. (for mail) The Kellogg Mackay Co.. 1351 West 37th PL, and 7251 Princeton Ave., Chicago, III. LISSAUER, Adolph W.* (1918). Pres, (for mail) Louisville Drying Machinery Co., Inc., 451 Baxter Ave., and 2006 Douglass Blvd., Louis ville. Ky. LITTLE, C. W. (1921), Dept. Mgr., Grinnell Co.. Inc., 413 Capitol Theatre Bldg., and 489 East- lawn Ave.. Detroit, Mich. LITTLE, Edwdn R. (1916), Consulting Engr., E. R. Little Co.. Inc., 1918-1920 Ford Bldg., and 1463 Lawrence Ave.-. Detroit, Mich. LOCKE. Hiram W. (1920). Heat. Engr. and Sheet Metal Worker, 1942 North 20th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . - LOCKER, Charles W. (1916). Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Rm. 101, 2845 Grand River Ave.. Detroit, and R. F. D. Farmington, Mich. LOCKETT, John W. (1922). Mgr., Fitzgibbon Boiler Co., Oswego, N. Y. LOCKWOOD, Edwin H.* (1915), Asst. Prof. Mech. Engr. (for mail) Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, and 51 Sheldon Terrace, New Haven, Conn, LOEFFLER, Frank X. (1914), Pres, (for mail) F. Loeffler Supply Co., 5 Empress Theatre Bldg., and 320 West 26th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. LOHMAN, William J. (Associate 1922), Ozone - Purifiers, Deodorizing and Sterilizing, 3849 Cleveland Ave., St. Louis, Mo. LONDON, Irving Junior 1924), (for mail) Raisler Heat. Co., 129 Amsterdam Ave., New York, and 1681 President St., Brooklyn, N. Y. LONG, John A- (1919). Sales Engr., VapOr Vacuum Heat. Co., Otis Bldg.. 16th and Sahsom Sts., Philadelphia, and (for mail) 8283- W. Chester Pike. Kirklyn, Del. Co., Pa. . LONGENECKER, Howard J. (1917), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) York Heating & Ventilating . Corp.. Bridgeport, Montgomery Co., and 1009 DeKalb St., Norristown, Pa. . LONGWELL, Henry E. (1919), Vice-Pres.- (for mail) Pierce. Butler .and Pierce Mfg. Corp.. Eastwood, and 407 Graves St., Syracuse, N. Y. LORD, Frank Russell (1922), Mgr. Heat. Dept., Walworth Mfg. Co.. 245 Arch St., Philadelphia. Pa., and Delanco, N. J. - . LOUGHERY, George B. (1919). (for mail) 222 N. Camac St., Philadelphia, and 112 W. Johnson St., Germantown, Pa. LOVE, Clarence H. (1919), Mfgr. Agt. (for mail) Nash Engr. Co., 840 Ellicott Sq., and 289 Nor walk Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. LOVELACE, James A. (1920), Vice-Pres. and Gen. Supt.. R. L. Spitzley Heat. Co., 246 Lamed St., W. Detroit, Mich. ` .. LOWNSBERY, Benjamin F. (1920), Heat. Engr. (for mail) F. Shaw Co.. Second and Lombard Sts., and 21 S. Sycamore. St.. Wilmington, Del. LUCE, George D;. Jr. (1919). Mech. Engr., D. H. ..Burnham Co., Burnham Bldg-.and (for mail) 3633 N. Harding Ave.. Chicago. 111. 23 Roll-of Membership LUCK, Alexander W.* (1919); Pres, and Gen. Mgr.. Reading Heater & Supply Co.. Church and Woodward Sts.. Reading, Pa. LUCKE. C. E. (1924). Prof. Mech. Engr.. Colum bia University, and 260 Riverside Dr., New York. N. Y. LUMSDEN, Edward R. (1923). Pres, (for mail) E. R. Lumsden Co., 728 Philadelphia St., and 737 Water St.. Indiana; Pa. LYLE, Ernest T. (1919), Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp.. 176 Federal St., and The Braemore. 466 Commonwealth Ave- Boston. Mass. LYLE. J. Irvine* (1911; Pres. 1917). (Council 1918) Treas. and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Cartier Eng. Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave.. Newark, ana 1200 W. Seventh St.. Plainfield. N. J. LYMAN, Samuel E. (Associate 1924), Supt. of Erection Philadelphia Territory. Carrier Eng. Corp.. 1402 Land Title Bldg., and (for mail) 132 North 50th St., Philadelphia. Pa. LYMAN, Wm. Ira (Associate 1925).' Engr. Grinneil Co., and (for mail) 225J$ Scott St., Warren, O. Me McCAFFREY, H. Grattan (1922), Ch. Engr., Sheldons. Ltd.. W. Main St., S., Galt, Ont. McCANN, Frank G. (1903). Council 1914; 1915). Ch. of Heat, and Vent. Div. (for mail) Dept, of Education, Rm. 614. 131 Livingston St., and 1616 East 10th St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. McCarthy, Charles j. (1919). Contr. (for mail) Otis Bldg.. 16th and Sansotn St., and 533 South . 55th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. McCarthy, Thos. (1921). Heat. Contr. (for mail) McCarthy & Crandall PIbg. & Heat. Co.. 529 S. Cascade Ave.. and 444 W. Yampa St., Colorado Springs. Colo. McCAULEY, James H. (1921). Contr. (for mail) James H. McCauley. Inc.. 565 W. Washington Blvd.. and 3831 Lexington St., Chicago. 111. McCLELLAN, James E. (1922). Sales Engr. (for mail) American Blower Co., 140 S. Dearborn St and 1321 Ardmore St., Chicago. 111. McCLINTOCK, Alexander, Jr. (Junior 1920). Heat. Engr. (for mail) 1937 Ridge Ave.. and 121 Rochelle Ave.. Wissahickon, Philadelphia, Pa. McCLINTOCK, Alexander. Sr. (1917). (for mail) A. McClintock 8c Sons. 1937 Ridge Ave., and 121 Rochelle Ave.. Wissahickon, Philadelphia. Pa. McCLINTOCK. John L. (1917), Heat Engr. (for mail) 1937 Ridge Ave.. and 121 Rochelle Ave., Wissahickon, Philadelphia. Pa. McGLOSKEY, John (1923). 458 48th St.. Brook, lyn, N. Y. . . McCOLL, Jay R.* (1916; Pres. 1922). (2nd Vice- Pres. 1920; 1st Vice-Pres. 1921; Council 1023). Dean of Engr.. University of Detroit. Consulting Engr. (for mail) McColl, Snyder & McLean. 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and 825 Chicago Blvd.. Detroit, Mich. McCONNER, Charles R. (Junior 1922; Associate 1925). Mgr. Industrial Dept, (for mail) Clarage Fan* Co.. Ill W. Washington St., and 536 Brotnpton Ave.. Chicago. 111. McCORMICK, Edward T. (Associate 1923), Br. Mgr.; Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp., 600 Second Ave.. Pittsburgh, Pa. McCOY, Thomas F. (1924). Mgr. (for mail) The Powers Regulator Co.. 263 Summer StBoston, and Glen Ra., Wellesley Farms. Mass. McCREA, Lester W. (1920). (for mail) Jas. McCrea & Son, 19 N. Carrollton Ave.. and 564 University Parkway, Baltimore. Md. McCREERY, Hugh Joseph J1922). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Combustion 'Eng. Coro., Ltd.. 612 Standard Bank' Bldg., Vancouver. B. C. McCULLEY, David E. (Associate 1917). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) D. E. McCulley Co.. 1820 St. ' Mary's Ave., and 5104 Cuming St.. Omaha, Neb. McDonald. John C. (1920). Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp.. 1412 West 12th St., Kansas City, Mo. ' McDONNELL, Everett N. (1923). (for mail) McDonnell 8c Miller, Wrigley Bldg., 410 N. Michigan, Blvd., and Belmont Hotel. Chicago, 111. McELLORY, George Sheffler (1925), Engr., R. T. Withers Sons Co., Ill N. Shenango St., and (for mail) 407 Clenmore Blvd., New Castle, Pa. McEVOY, William J. (1917). Sales Engr. (for mail) Peerless Unit Ventilation Co.. 80S Monadnock Block, and 6718 Lakewood Ave.. Chicago 111. McFARLAND, William P. (Associate 1923), Powers Regulator Co., 2720 Greenview Ave., and (for mail) 1106 Columbia Ave.. Chicago, 111. McGINNESS, J. E. (1903). Pres, (for mail) McGinness, Smith 8c McGinness Co.. 527 First Ave.. and 142 Bellefield Ave., Pittsburgh. Pa. McGLENN, G. Raymond (1915). Secy.. American Warming Ventilating Co., 317-19 Pennsylvania Ave.. and (for mail) 259 Lormore St., Elmira, N. Y. ' ' McGOWAN, Thomas F. (1921). Heat, and Contr. Engr., 2832 Girard Ave.. Philadelphia. Pa. McGREGOR. George H. (1920), Mgr. (for mail) Western Heat. Co.. 5051 W. Chicago, Ave.. Chicago, and 902 S. Crescent Ave., Park'-Ridge. III. McGUlGAN. L. A. (Associate 1919). Salesman, National Radiator Co.. 215 Wood St., and (for mail) 724 Hastings St., Pittsburgh, Pa. McHENRY, Robert W. M. (1921). Asst. Engr.. M. F. Thomas. 229 College- St., and (for mail) 236 Eglinton Ave., E., Toronto, Ont. McINTIRE, James F. (Associate 1914; 1915). Vice-Pres. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River Ave., and 2061 Taylor Ave.. Detroit. Mich. McINTOSH, Fabian C. (Junior 1917; 1921). Br. Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 10 E. ` North Diamond St., N.S., and 3335 Portola St., Pittsburgh, Pa. McINTYRE. Wm. N. (1917), Supt.. A. Holtman Heating Co.. 700 East 18th St., and (for mail) 6027 Cherry St.. Kansas City. Mo. McKENNA, William N. (1912). Treas. (for mail) Wm. N. McKenna Co.. 79 Chestnut St., and 21 W. Cedar St.. Boston, Mass. McKIEVER, Wm. H.* (Junior 1896; 1897); Con sulting and Contr. Engr. (for mail) Wm. H. McKiever. Inc.. 247 West 13th St.. New York, and 479 Eighth Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. McLAIN, Roland D. (1921), Heat. Engr., 238 West St., and (for mail) 716 Vernon Ave.. Wil liamsport. Pa. McLEAN. Dermld (1917),. (for mail) McColl. ' Snyder & McLean, Consulting Engrs.. 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and 5140 Ridgewood Ave., Detroit. Mich. McLEAN, Ivory D. (1924). Pres, (for mail) McLean 8c Cousens Co., 65 Chandler St.. Boston, and 156 Coolidge St.. Brookline. Mass. . McLELLAND, H. Burton (Associate 1912). Salesman, Jenkins Bros.. 646 Washington Blvd., and 129 N. Menard Ave.. Chicago. 111. - McMAHON, W. W. (Associate -1923). National Regulatqr Co., 166 Lexington Ave.. New York. N. Y. - McMICHAEL, Peter (Associate 1925). Pres, and Mgr.. Kewanee Boiler Co.. Ltd- 66 Richmond St- E- and (for mail) 41 Spadina Rd- Apt. 7, Toronto, Canada. McMILLAN, Luther B.* (1918). Consulting Engr. (for mail) Johns-Manville. Inc- 292 Madison Ave- and Larchmont. N. Y. McMORRAN. Francis J. (1917). In charge of Sales and Eng., Pecco. Inc- St. Louis, and (for mail) 230 E. Argonne Dr.. Kirkwood. Mo. . McMURRAY, John (1920). Pres- Iron City Heat. Co- 843 Jackson St- N.S. Pittsburgh. Pa. McMURRER. Louis J. (Junior 1924). Off. Mgr., The McMurrer Co- 303 Congress St- Boston, and (for mail)- 37 Walnut St- Everett, Mass. McNAIR. Edward E. (1905). (Council 1921-1922; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1923) Vice-Pres. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp- 133 E. Grand River Ave- Detroit, Mich.. 24 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 McPHERSON, Charles J. (1903). Pres, (for mail) MATHIS, Eugene (1922), Pres, and Treas- A. W. G. McPherson Co- 19th and Wilson Sts- and Mathis & Son. Inc- 3151 Shields Ave- and 9151 1031 Quimby St- Portland. Ore. S. Hoyne Ave- Chicago, III. McVEHIL, Earl W. (1923), Mgr.. McVehil PIbg. MATHIS, Henry (1921), New York Blower Co- Co- 40 E. Wheeling St., Washington, Pa. 2248 S. Halsted St- and (for mail) 143 West 71st St., Chicago. ID. M MATHIS, Julien W. (Associate 1921), Pres. N. Y. Blower Co- 2248 Halsted St- and (for mail) MacDADE, Ambrose H. (1923). Salesman. 7003 S. Peoria St- Chicago. 111. - Haynes Selling Co- Inc- 1711 Sansom St- MATHY, Joseph, Jr. (1925), Ch. Engr. and Gen. Philadelphia, Pa. Supt. (for mail) R. B. Hayward Co., 1714 MacDOUGALL, Burgess W. (1923). Mech. Supt.. Sheffield Ave- and 3415 West 61st PL, Chicago, State of New Jersey, State Office Bldg- Trenton, III. c/o State Dept, of Architecture, and (for mail) MATTHEWS. Charles Russell (1924). Heat. 219 Netherwood Ave., Plainfield. N. J. ' Engr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co- 220 MACKENSEN, Wm. H. (1923), Estimator and Devonshire St- Boston, and 48 Dana St., -Designer. Huffman-Wolfe Co- 669 N. High St- Cambridge. Mass. Columbus. O. MATTHEWS, John K. (1923). Morgan Heat. 8c MacKENZIE, Burt (1924). Heat, and Vent. PIbg. Co- Box 843,' Charleston, W. Va. . Engr. and Contr. (for mail) B. MacKe'nzie, 349 MATTHIESSEN, H. G. F. (1923). Hoffman N. Elm St- and 347 N. Elm St- Greensboro, Specialty Co- 512 Fifth Ave- New York. N. Y. N. C. MATZEN, Harry B. (1919), Sales Engr., Carrier- , MACKIE, James (1917), Mgr. (for mail) James Eng. Corp- 1032 Burnham Bldg- La Salle and Mackie PIbg. and Heat. Co- 357 Langside St Randolph Sts- and 1629 Farwell Ave- Chicago,- and 254 Montrose St- Winnipeg, Man. III. MACON. William W.* (1908). (Secretary 1911, MAUER. William J. (1919). Sales Engr- Dwyer 1912; Board of Governors 1913; Council 1914), Equipment Co- 4534 W. North Ave.. Chicago, Editor (for mail) "Iron Age." 239 West 39th St.. and (for mail) 2624 Central. St- Evanston. 111. New York, and 711 Ave. J. Brooklyn, N. Y. MAURER, Edward D. (1921), Secy, and Treas- MAGINN, Peter F. (1908). P- F. Maginn 8c Co- Maurer Bros. Co- 8600 Detroit Ave- Cleveland, 207 Fulton Bldg- Pittsburgh, Pa. and (for mail) 1527 Mars Ave.. Lakewood. O. MAKER, George M. (1921). Eng.-Planning and MAY, Edwin A. (1906), 171 N. Kenilworth Ave- Research Dept, (for mail) American Radiator Oak Park. III. Co- 40 West 40tn St.. New York. N. Y- and MAYER, Robert S. (1911), Br. Sales Mgr. (for Apt. 54, Peldean Court, Pelham, N. Y. mail) Heggie-Simplex Boiler Co.. 2026 East MALLIS, William (1914), Archt. and Engr., 326 22nd St., and 9327 Amesbury Ave- Cleveland, O. Lyon Bldg- and North Gate Apts- First Ave- MEAD, Walter R. (1924). Sales Repr- Hoffman W.. Seattle. Wash. ' Specialty Co- Waterbury, Conn- and (for mail) MANDEVILLE, Edgar W. (1914). Treas-E. W. 132 Victor Ave- Dayton, O. Mandeville, Inc- 623 Parkside Ave- and (for . MEADOWS, Frank H. (1923), The Meadows mail) 1171 East 37th St- Brooklyn. N. Y. Heating Co- 94 Second St- Milwaukee, Wis. - MANN. Carl P. (1924). Consulting Engr. (for MEDWAY, Fred J. (Associate 1919), Mgr. (for mail) Carl P. Mann. 1217 Race St- Philadelphia,- mail) Johns-Manville, Inc- Madison Ave- and- Pa- and Beverly, N. J. . 41st St., New York, N. Y., and 803 Boulevard E- MANSELL, P. C. (1921), (for mail) Purdy- Weehawken. N. J. Mansell, Ltd- 63 Albert St- and 26 Grassmere MEHAFFY, William Chambers (1922). Engr- Rd- Toronto. Can. MANSFIELD, F. A. (Associate 1920). Dist. Mgr. Chambersburg Const. Co- Chambersburg, Pa. -MEHRING. George (Charter Member). Pres.. (for mail) The Louis Allis Co- 1213 Bessemer Mehring 8c Hanson Co- 162*66 N. Clinton St- Bldg- and 600 Shady Ave- Pittsburgh, Pa. MAPPElT, A. S. (Charter Member), Treas- Chicago, 111. ' MEIER, Konrad* (1916), Consulting Engr- . Fowler 8c Wolfe Mfg. Co- 521 Bulletin BldgPhiladelphia, Pa. MARCH. Ralph C. (1919), Asst. Engr. (for mail) Rychenbergstrasse 57. Winterthur. Switzerland. MELLON. James T. J. (1911). (Council 1915). Mellon Co- 4415*21 Ludlow St- and 431 North Public Service Co- of Northern Illinois, 114 N. Oak Park Ave- Oak Park, and 1-ombard, 111: 63rd St- Philadelphia. Pa. MENK, Rudolph W. (1919). Mgr., Heating MARKEL, Frank E. (1923). 412 Rhodes Bldg- Atlanta. Ga. . Service 8c Supply Co- 169 N. May St- Chicago, and (for mail) 118 Buell Ave- Joliet. 111. MARSHALL. H. Hall (1923). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 37 West 43rd St- New York, and 63 MENSING, Frederick D. (1920). Consulting Engr., Mensing 8c Co. (for mail) 928 Presser Pine St- Garden City. N. Y. Bldg- and 2845 Frankford Ave- Philadelphia. Pa. MARTENIS, John V. (1918). Associate Prof, of MERKEL. Fred P. (1924). 131 South 12th St- Mech. Eng- Mech. Eng. Dept.. Univ. of.Min Newark. and (for mail) 2 Garfield PL, East nesota. and (for mail) 131 Orlin Ave- S.E., Min Orange. N. J. neapolis, Minn. * MERRILL, Carle J. (1919), Treas. and Mgr. (for MARTIN, Albert B. (1917), Dist. Sales Mgr. (for mail) C. J. Merrill, Inc- 50-56 St. John St- mail) Kewanee Boiler Co- 822 W. Washington Portland. and 15 Longfellow St- Woodfords. Me. Blvd.. Chicago, and 997 Vine St- Winnetka, 111. MERRITT, James H. (1906). Pres, (for mail) Jas. MARTIN. George W. (1911). Pres, (for mail) . H. Merritt Co- 207 Water St., New York, N. Y- New York-Service Co- 141 East 29th St- New and Bound Brook, N. J. ' York, N. Y- and 314 Prospect St- Ridgewood, MERTZ, Walter A. (1919). Secy, (for mail) Kehm N. J. Bros. Co- 51 E. Grand Ave- and 3753 N. Keeler MASON. James J. (1918), Dist. Sales Mgr- Ave- Chicago. 111. . Utica Heater Co- 707 Union Bldg- Euclid Ave- MERVINE, Thos. R. (1922). Mervine Bros- 208 and (for mail) 936 Whitby Rd- Cleveland. O. S. Seventh St- and (for mail) 5852 N. Fifth St- MASON, Orion Augustus (Associate 1922) Vice- Philadelphia. Pa. Pres. and Sales Mgr., Homer C. Perkins Co- 30 MERWIN, Glle E. (1924). Heat. Engr. (for mail) -Oliver St- Boston, and (for mail) 30 Vista AveAuburndale. Mass. U. S. Supply Co- and 2437 Fonteneile BlvdOmaha. Neb. MATCHETT, James C. (1923). Vice-Pres..and MEWSHAW, James P. (1923). Br. Sales Office Mgr. (for mail) Illinois Engr. Co- Racine Ave- Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co- 710 14th St- at 21st St- and 9936 S. Winchester Ave- Chicago. 111. N.W.. and 2700 35th PL. N.W.. Washington, D. C. MATHEY, Nicholas J. (1915). Heat, and Vent. MEYER. Hans J. (1919). (Council 1922), Pres- Engr., Mathey PIbg. Co.. 31 Third Ave.. N.E., . , Le Mars, la. Chas. L. Pillsbury Co.. 1200 Second Ave.. S., and 2736 Hennepin Ave- Minneapolis, Minn. Roll of Membership MEYER, Henry C., Jr. (1898). (Council 1915. 1916), Consulting Engr., 101 Park Ave., New York. N. Y. MEYER, John S. (1920). Heat. Dept, (for mail) Aird-Don Co., and 79 Van Buren, Kingston, N. Y. MEYER, John W., Jr. (1921), Mgr. of Credit and Order Dept., American Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., and 4744 Second Blvd., Detroit, Mich. MEYERING, Archer S. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Br. Mgr., C. A. Dunham Co., 1721)4 Carey Ave., P. O. Box 477. and 1211 West 31st St., Cheyenne, Wyo. MEYERS, &muel H. (Associate 1924), Meyers Bros., 219 Hale St., and 1502 Virginia St., Charleston, W. Va. MICHAEL, L. A. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) 414 W. Colfax Ave., Denver, Colo. MILLER, Charles A. (Associate 1917), Salesman (for mail) H. B. Smith Co., 10 East 39th St,, and' 2178 University Ave., New York, N. Y. MILLER, Charles W. (1919), (for mail) The Rado Co., 194 Reed St., Milwaukee, and R- 1. Box 62. Menomonee Falls, Wis. MILLER, Edwin A. (Associate 1925), Sales Engr. (for mail) Titusville Iron Works Co., 152 West 42nd St., and Emerson Hotel, 75 St. and Amster dam Ave., New York. N. Y. - . MILLER, Floyd A. (1911), Inspector of Mech. and Elec. Eng., 477 Federal Bldg., Chicago, 111. MILLER, Harry M. (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr., 6089-91. Plankinton Bldg., Milwaukee, and (for mail) 1290 Stowell Ave., Shorewood, Wis. . MILLER, Harvey N. (1921). Sales Engr.. Illinois Engr. Co., Racine Ave., at 21st St., Chicago, and (for mail) 744 Lafayette Ave., S.E.' Grand Rapids, Mich. MILLER, James E. (1914), Vice-Pres. (for mail) C. W. Johnson, Inc., 211 N. Desplaines St., Chicago, and 2210 Colfax St.. Evanston, 111. - MILLER, John F. G. (1916), Vice-Pres. and Treas.. American. Blower Co., 6004 Russell St., Detroit, Mich. . - MILLER, Max Paul (1911), (for mail) W. D. Cashin & Co.. 35 Hartford St., Boston, and 12 Byfield Rd., Waban, Mass. ' MILLER, Robert B. (1922), Pres., 9403 95th St., Woodlawn, L. I., N. Y. MILLER, William C. (1918), Pres, (for mail) Heating Specialties Co., 10 South 18th St., Philadelphia, and Collegeville, Pa.. MILLIKEN, J. H. (1923), Chicago Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Reed Air Filter Co., 140 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, and 618 Hinman Ave., Evanston. 111. MILLIS, Linn W* (1918), Secy, and Treas.. Security Stove & Mfg. Co., 17th and Oakland Sts., and (for mail) 3534 Wabash Ave., Kansas City, Mo. MILWARD, Robert K. (Associate 1920), Br. Mgr. (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp.,-4004 Duncan Ave., St. Lquis, and 434-Lee Ave., Webster Groves, Mo. ...... MINNICH, Harry S. (1921), Mgr., Philadelphia Br., Richmond Radiator Co., 2241 N. American St., and (for mail) 4526 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. MITCHELL, Charles H. (1924). Barber Co.. 26 Warrenton St., Boston,, and (for-, mail) 179 Thatcher St., Milton. Mattapan P. O., Mass. / MODIANO, Rene (1925), Continental Salesman, (for mail) Carrier Engr. Co.. Ltd., 10 Rue Gustave Dorfc Paris, 17 erne.. France. MOFFETT, William S. (1907), Consulting and Constructing Engr., Staunton, Va. ' MOLER, W. H. (Junior 1923). Carrier Eng. Corp.. Douglas Bldg.. 257 Spring St., Los Angeles.-Calif. MOLO, Harold E. (1922), Mgr. (for mail) Linehan & Molo, 472 Main. St., and 305 W. Locust St.. Dubuque, la. . . MONAGHAN, Thomas H. (1914). Pres., Robert Gordon, Inc. (for mail) 22 W. Austin Ave., and 623 Denning PI., Chicago. 111. MONDAY, Charles E. (1920), (for mail) Chas. E. Monday Co., 1320 Olive St., Philadelphia. Pa., and 15 N. Chelsea Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. MONIN, E. H. (1923), E. H. Monin. Inc., 70 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. MONROE, Lewis O^ (Junior 1917), Clarage Fan Co., Kalamazoo, Mich. MONTAGNA, C. J. - (1924). (for mail) 2913 Colonial Ave., and 1215 De Bree Ave.. Norfolk, . Va. MONTGOMERY, Walter R. (Associate 1923) Montgomery Bros., 1020 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. , .,v MOODY, Lawrence E. (1919), Engr. (for mail) . Isaac H. Francis, 1520 Locust St.. Bonbright Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa., and 237 Jefferson Ave., Haddonfield. N. J. MOON, L. Walter (1915), 3834 Olive St.. St. Louis. Mo. MOORE, D. S. (1923), Mgr. (for mail) Flexlume . Sales Co., of Md., 901 American Bldg., and Oakley Ave.. near Green Spring, Baltimore, Md. MOORE, H. Lee (1919), Mgr., Buffalo Forge Co., 927 Union Trust Bldg., Pittsburgh, and 7065 Flaccus Rd., Ben Avon, Pa. - - MOORE, Herbert S. (Associate 1923). Sales Mgr.. The Atlas Engr. and Machine Co., Ltd., 23 River St., and 107 Clendeman Ave.. Toronto, Can. . MOORE, Joslah C. (1921). Consulting Equip. . Engr. (for mail) Aero Alarm Co., 508 Thompson: Bldg., and 2409 E. Prospect St., Seattle, Wash. MORAN, Frank E. (1922), Pres, (for mail) Ben Rigby, Inc., 604 W. Lake St., Chicago, and 3034 Maple Ave.. Berwyn. III. MORAN, F. N. (1916), 128 W. Main St.. Staunton. Va. MORGAN, C. Stanley (Associate 1919). (for mail) 445 W. Larned St., and 14595 Harbord Rd., Detroit, Mich. MORGAN, Francis H. (1912). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) John F. Morgan & Son, Inc., 67 Blake St., and 194 Maple St., Lynn. Mass. MORGAN. Glenn C. (1911), Vice-Pres. and Secy, (for mail) Morgan-Gcrrish Co.. 800-6 La Salle Ave.. and 1219 West 24th St., Minneapolis, Minn. . MORGAN, J. Scott (Associate 1922), Mgr. (for mail) Morgan Bros.. 7227 Tioga St., and 7031 Hamilton Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. ' MORGAN, Robert C. (1915). Ch. Engr. (for . mail) Stewart A. Jellett Co., 1200 Locust St.. and 314 W. Seymour St., Philadelphia, Pa. MORITZ, Carl J. (1921). Engr., Sodemann Heat. & Power Co., 2306 Morgan St., and (for mail) 6923a Garner Ave., St, Louis. Mo. '. MORRIS, C. Raymond (1921), (for mail) 55 Lexington Ave., Passaic, and 381 20th-Ave., Paterson, N. J. . ' MORROW, Charles F. (Associate 1919),>Mgr. (for mail) National Radiator Co., 1509 Arrott Bldg., Wood and Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, and Wampum, Pa. MORSE, C. T. (1921). Sales Mgr., American Blower:Co.; 6004 Russell St., Detroit Mich. MOSHER, Clarence H. (Associate 1919), Dist. Sales Agent. American Schaeffer & Budenberg Corp.. 338 Berry St.. Brooklyn, and (for mail) 423 Ashland Ave.,-Buffalo, N. Y. . MOSS, Edward (1920). Supervisor Plbg; and Heat, (for mail) New York Rapid Transit Corp.,1130 Atlantic Ave., Brooklyn, and 9053 204th St.. Hollis. L. I., N. Y. MOTEJL, J. A. (1917), Secy, (for mail) Bd. of Education, 705 First Ave., and 220 16th Ave., Cedar Rapids, la. ' MOTT, Abram C., Jr. (1921), Pres, (for mail) Abram Cox Stove Co., American and Dauphin Sts., Philadelphia, and "The Woods," Lansdale, Pa. . MOUAT, Thomas G. (1914), Pres, (for mail) Mouat Vapor Heat Co., 1246 W. Fourth St, and 360 East 105th St, Cleveland, O. / MOULDER, Albert Wm. (1917), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Grinnell Co., Inc., Dana and Paige Ave~ and 74 Roosevelt Ave., Warren, O. MOWER, Wm. P. (1924), Heat. Engr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 220 Devonshire St., Boston, and 48 Middlesex Ave., Swampscott, Mass. 26 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 MUELLER, Ben. H. (Junior 1923; Associate NAYLOR, Ben C. (Associate 1922), Vice-Pres. and 1925). (for mail) 1887 Railway Exchange Bldg., Sales Mgr. (for mail) Standard Asbestos Mfg. and 4117 Magnolia Ave., St Louis, Mo. and Insulation Co., and 3204 Windsor Ave., MUELLER, Paul E. (1919), Pres, (for mail) Paul Kansas City, Mo. - E. Mueller Co., 320 Park St, and 924 Summit NEELER, Samuel G. (1898), Consulting Engr., Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. Neiler, Rich & Co., 431 S. Dearborn St,, Chicago, MUIR, George A. (1917), Engr., Muir & Brooke, and 737 N. Oak Park Ave., Oak Park, 111. 136 W. Lake St., Chicago, and (for mail) 234 S. NEITZEL, Carl Wm. (1921), Manager, C. W. Scoville Ave.. Oak Park, 111. Neitzel Co.. 525 Erie Bldg., and Belvoir Blvd., MULLEN, Frank-J. (1921), Heating Supplies, S. Euclid Ave., Cleveland, O. F. J. Mullen, 1316 Adams St., and 755 Dearborn NELSON, Frank, Jr. (1923),*Supt., Frank Nelson St., Toledo, O. & Son, 1822 Cherry St., Philadelphia, Pa. MUNDER, J. F., Jr. (Junior 1924), Sales Engr. NELSON, Geo. O. (1923), Carstens Bros., Ackley, American Blower Co., 50 Church St., and 1738 la. University Ave., New York, N. Y. NELSON, Herman W. (1909). Pres, ffor mail) MUNIER, Leon L. (Junior 1915; 1919), Secy, and Herman Nelson Corp., 1824 Third Ave., and Treas. (for mail) Wolff & Munier, Inc., Engr. and 2500 11th St.. Moline. 111. . Contr.. 405 Lexington Ave., New York, and 610 NELSON, Ralph L. (1917), Engr. and Sales Repr., Lafayette Ave., Mt. Vernon. N. Y. Ralph L. Nelson, 506 Empire State Bldg., and MUNRO, Edward A. (1920), Heat, and Vent 218 W. Buckeye, Spokane, Wash. ' Engr. (for mail) Hutchinson Regulator Co., NESBIT, David M.* (1895), (Board of Governors 506-507 Metropolitan Bank Bldg., and 1717 K. 1900), Ashwell & Nesbit, Ltd., Ashwell Lodge, St., N.W., Washington, D. C. Burkby Lane, Leicester, England. MUNROE, Edward K. (1904), En^r. Salesman, NESBITT, A. J. (1921), Secy-Treas. (for mail) Republic Boiler & Radiator Co.. Union Ave., and John J. Nesbitt, Inc., 213 N. Vermont Ave., and (for mail) 5924 Bellona Ave., Baltimore, Md. 212 Victoria Ave., Atlantic City. N. J. MUNSON, M. G. (1925), Baxter Bldg.. 1005 W. NESBITT, John J. (1923), Pres., John J. Nesbitt. Franklin Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. . - Inc., 213 N. Vermont Ave., Atlantic City, N. J., MURCH, Greenwood E. (1923), Richardson & and (for mail) Rockfield Farm, Ambler, Pa. Boynton Co., 3639 S. Ashland Ave., and (for NESDAHL, Ellert (1915). Ch. Engr., Atmospheric mail) Chicago Ath. Assoc., Box 120, Chicago, 111. Conditioning Corp., 921 Lafayette Bldg., Phila MURPHY, Edward T.* (1915). Vice-Pres.. and delphia, Pa., and (for mail) 415 Thomas Ave., Gen. Sales Mgr. (for mail) Carrier Engr. Corp... Riverton, N. J. . 2021 Land Title Bldg., and 4621 Osage Ave., NEVINS, J. R. (1921), Archt. and Engr., 1708 Philadelphia. Pa. - Hoge Bldg.. Seattle. Wash. . MURPHY, H. C. (1923), Vice-Pres., Reed Air NEWCOMB, Raymond (Junior 1924). < New Filter Co., 215 Central Ave., Louisville. Ky. r England Mgr., Kewanee Boiler Co., 555 Little MURPHY, Joseph R. (Associate 1925), Sales ' Bldg., Boston, and (for mail) 14 Grove St., Repr., Thermal Appliance Co., Inc., 342 Madison - Belmont. Mass. - Ave., New York, N. Y.,` and (for mail) 1981 NEWPORT, Charles F.* (1906), Sales Engr., Burlingame Ave., Detroit, Mich. Weil, McLain Co., Michigan City, Ind., and (for MURPHY, William R. (1911), -Pres. American mail) 10001 Longwood Dr., Chicago, 111. Heat. & Vent. Co., 804 Times-Dispatch Bldg.. NICHOLLS, Percy* (1920), Fuel Section, U. S. Richmond, Va., and (for mail) Rm. 602, 1505 Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. NICHOLS, George B. (1915), (Council 1919 MURRAY, James M. (1922). Vice-Pres. T. F. 1920), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 296 Madison Higgins Co., 606 Wabash Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa. Ave., and 860 West 181st St., New York, N. Y. MURRAY, Thos. F. (1923), Engr., State Archt., NICOL, N. C. (1923). National Tube Co.. 71 and (for mail) 300 Washington Ave., Albany, Broadway. New YoTk, N. Y. N. Y. NIESTRATH, W. H. (Associate 1921), Jos. P. MUSAUS, John, Jr. (1923), (for mail) J. Musaus Marsh & Co., 3324 S. Jefferson Ave.. St. Louis, Mo. . Sons, 5912 New Utrecht Ave., and 1242 73rd St., NILSON, Andrew (1917), Pres., Eureka Smokeless Brooklyn, N. Y. . Furnace Co., 3222 N. Halsted St., and (for mail) MUSSELMAN, Joseph F. (1917), Consulting 5407 Wayne Ave., Chicago. 111. Engr., 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. NOBBS, Walter W. (1919), 50 Fairhazel Gardens. MUTH, Herbert (1912). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) London, N.W.. 6, England. Muth Heat. & Eng. Co.. 4338 N. Western Ave., NOBIS, Harry M. (1914), Heat. Engr. 2010 East and 4117 Greenview Ave.. Chicago, 111. 102nd St., and (for mail) 1827 Stanwood Rd., E., MYERS, David R. (1923). Mgr., W. G. Cornell Cleveland. O. ' Co.. 19 Patterson St., N.E., and 5629 32nd St,, NOBLE, Milner (Junior 1924), (for mail) Aerofin N.W., Washington, D. C. . - Corp.,-750 Frelinghuysen Ave., and 80 Broad St., MYERS, G. W. F. (Junior 1923). Designing and Newark, N. J. . . ` Sales Engr., (for mail) York Heating & Ventilating NOLAND, Lloyd U. (1915), Pres, (for mail) Corp., 1502 Locust St., and 2233 South 15th St., Virginia Eng. Co;, Inc., 322-330 28th St., and Philadelphia. Pa. 319 54th St.. Newport News, Va. MYRICK, James W. H. (1909), (for mail) New NOLAND, Ralph W. (1914), Consulting and M. England Air Conditioning Co., 53' Devonshire E. Engr. (for mail) 823 24 Lafayette Life Bldg., St.. Boston, and 398 Columbia Rd., Dorchester, and 1001 Robert St., Lafayette, Ind. Mass. NORDINE, Louis F. (1914), Sales Engr.. Herman ! N Nelson Corp., and (for mail) 1170 25th - St., Moline, 111. NACEY, Harry M. (1908). Pres, and Gen. Mgr. - NORRIS, Edward (1909). Utica Heater Co.. (for mail) P. Nacey Co.. 927 S. State St., and 229 Utica. N. Y. . Lake Shore Dr.. Chicago, 111. ' NORRIS, James K. (1920), Vice-Pres. (for mail) NADEN, Lester J. (Junior 1925)1 Sales Engr., 22 Utica Heater Co., and 1 Jewett PL, Utica, N. Y. Beverly Ave., Albany, N. Y. NORTON, Arthur E.* (1919), Associate Prof, of NADER, John H. (1919). (for mail) Crane . Mech. Engr., Rm. 309, Pierce Hall (for mail) Co., 30 South 16th St., and 6043 Pershing Ave., St. Louis, Mo. -' Harvard University, Cambridge, and 39 Center Ave., Belmont, Mass. - NAROWETZ, Louis L., Jr. (Associate 1912), NORTON, Frederick W. (Junior 1922), Engr., Secy, (for mall) Narowetz Heat. & Vent. Co., Gillis & Geoghegan, Inc., 537 W. Broadway, 1711-17 Park Ave.; Chicago, and 118 Park Ave., New York, and (for mail) 47 Rokeby PL, Living Park Ridge, 111. . ston, S. I,, N. Y. '' NATKIN, Benjamin (Junior 1907; 1909), Mgr. NOTTBERG, Henry J. (1919), Secyi-Treas.. U. (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 208 Mutual Bldg., S. Eng. Co., 914 Campbell St., and:213 S. Bales) and 3725 Tracy Ave., Kansas City, Mo, Kansas City, Mo. - - ' '' ' 27 Roll of Membership NULSEN, Carl A. (1619). (for mail) Hanley & Co.. 6 N. Clark St., and 931 Ainslie St., Chicago. 111. NUNAN, John F. (Junior 1921; Associate 1925). (for mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co.. 1823 Market St., and 238 W. Highland Ave., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Pa. NUSBAUM, Lee* (1915). Engr. (for mail) Pennsyl vania Eng. Co.. 1119*21 N. Howard St., and 315 Carpenter Lane. Philadelphia, Pa. 'O OTT, Oran W. (1925). Consulting Mech. Engr. (for mail) 1304 Washington Bldg., and 123 S. Virgil Ave., Los Angeles. Calif. OTTO, Robert W. (1912). Ch. Engr., Andrews Heat. Co*. 2529 University -Ave., S.E., Minne apolis, and (for mail) 2147 Carroll Ave.. St. Paul, Minn. OWENS, Charles Beland (1921). Secy, and Mgr. (for mail) Canadian Powers Regulator Co.. Ltd., 106 Lombard St., and 25 High Park Blvd., Toronto, Ont. OARS, Orion O. (1917), Ch. Engr.. N. Y. Br.. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 40 West 40tb St.. New York. N. Y,, and 13 Russell PI., Summit, N. J. OBERT, Casln W. (1916), (Secy. 1916-1923) Secy.. A. S. M. E. Boiler Code Committee. 29 West 39th St., New York, and (for mail) 122 N. Columbus Ave.. Mt. Vernon, N. Y. . O'BRIEN, J. H. (1923). Distr. Mgr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 140 S. Dearborn St., and 6525 Glenwood Ave., Chicago. III. O'CONNELL, Presly M. (1916), Sanitary Engr. (for mail) John Graham. 1501 Dexter Horton Bldg., and 5749 31st Ave., N.E.. Seattle, Wash. O'CONNOR, Jos. M. (1923). 421 Sedgwick Bldg., Wichita. Kan. O'DONNELL, Thomas J. (1920), Secy, and Treas. (for mail) William H. McKiever, Inc., 247 West 13th St., and 31 Park Terrace. W., New York.. N. Y. OFFICER, H. S. (Associate 1923). Crane Co.. 245 Master St., and (for mail) 3841 North 16th St.. Philadelphia. Pa. OFFNER, Alfred J. (1922), Consulting Engr., 1182 Broadway. New York. N. Y. OGELSBY, William P. (1923), Sales Mgr., Oil City Boiler Works, 1043 Real Estate Trust Bldg., Philadelphia. Pa. OHMES, Arthur K.* (1913), (Council 1915; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1916; 1st Vice-Pres. 1917). Consulting Engr., 101 Park Ave., New York. N. Y. OLSEN. A. J. (Junior 1924). C. J. Olsen. 109*111 Center St., and 452 Center St., Winona, Minn. OLSEN, Carlton F. (Junior 1920; Associate 1925). Sales Engr., Kewanee Boiler Co., 822 W. Wash ington Blvd., and (for mail) 6238 Evans Ave.. Chicago, 111. OLSON, Robert G. (1923), Mgr., Milwaukee Office (for mail) American Blower Co.. 911 Majestic Bldg., and 802 Farwell Ave.. Milwaukee, Wis. OLVANY, William J. (1912). Engr.. and Contr., 100 Charles St., New York, N. Y. O'NEILL, James Walter (Junior 1925), Repr., The Trane Co., 23 River St., and 207 McRober Ave., Toronto, Ont. O'NEILL, Peter (1920). Treas. and Mgr., Bartley- O'Neill Co., 224 Third Ave.. Pittsburgh. Pa. ORR, Fred B. (1924), Asst, to Vice-Pres. (for mail) Illinois Maintenance Co.. 72 W. Adams St., and 457 Fullerton Pkwy. Chicago. III. ORR, Merrill J. (1917), Pres, and Mgr. (for mail) Orr Co-. 513 Jackson St., and 1815 Jackson St., Sioux City. Ia. ORTH, John W. (1919), Pres, (for mail) Orth Plbg. Co-. 509 Columbia St., Lafayette. Ind. OSBORNE. G. H. (1922). Gen. Mgr. (for mail) The Vent. & Blow Pipe Co., Ltd., 144 Inspector St.. Montreal. Que.. Can. OSBORNE, Maurice M. (1925). Osborne & Co., 755 Boylston St., and (for mail) 367 Beacon St., Boston. Mass. OSMON, Thomas R. (1916), Heat, and Vent. Engr., Spohn Heat. & Vent. Co., 1775 East 45th St., and (for mail) 851 Paxton Rd.. Cleveland, O. OSTRANDER, Lewis P. (1923). Vice-Pres. and Heat. Engr., O-E. Specialty Mfg. Co., 8-14 Keefe Ave.. and (for mail) 411 Newberry Blvd., Milwaukee. Wis. OSWALD, Walter L. (1919). Sales Engr., Crane Co.. 23 West 44th St., New York, and (for mail) 652 Hutchinson Blvd., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. OTIS, Gerald Earle (1922). Ch. Engr., Herman Nelson Corp.. Moline, 111. P PADGINTON, George (1919). Supervisor of Heat. Plbg., Board of Education, 906 Genesee Bldg., and (for mail) 73 Huntington Ave., N. Y. PAETZ, Herbert E. (1922), Sales Engr. (for mail) American Blower Co.. 1450 David Whitney Bldg., and 5849 Cass Ave., Detroit, Mich. PAGE, Harry W. (1923). Vice-Pres. and General Mgr., Bayley Mfg. Co.. 732 Greenbush St.. Milwaukee, and 244 E. Milwaukee Ave., Wau watosa. Wis. PAGE, Sidney H. (1923), Mech. and Elect. Engr., 512 Sellwood Bldg., and (for mail) 5407 London Rd.. Duluth, Minn. PAINE, Leonard G. (1920), Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., Otis Bldg.. 112 South 16th St., and 5915 Carpenter St., Philadelphia. Pa. PAINTER, D. Howard (Associate 1924). Sales man, Hoffman Specialty Co., and (for mail) 3039 Harrison St., Kansas City, Mo. PALMER, Geo. J. (1923). (for mail) 14-16 W. Market St., and 419 S. Walnut St., West Chester, Pa. PARKER, Philip (1915), Engr. Dept., Braman Dow & Co.. 239 Causeway St., Boston, and (for mail) 8 Middle St.. Woburn, Mass. PARKHILL, David (1915). Supt. (for mail) The Graff Furnace Co.. 116 Wooster St., New York, and 197 Rutland Rd., Brooklyn, N. Y. PARKS, Vernon H. (1918). Treas. and Mgr.. Meyer Furnace & Supply Co.. 1051 St. Louis Ave., and (for mail) 4321 Charlotte St.. Kansas City. Mo. ' PARROTT, Lyle G. (1922), Const. Engr.. McColl, Snyder & McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and (for mail) 3788 Gladstone Ave.. Detroit.-Mich. PARTER, Samuel C. (Junior 1907; 1009), Engr., James H. Merritt & Co.. 244 Water St., and (for mail) 642 West 172nd St.. New York. N. Y. PARTLAN, James W. (1916), (for mail) 1255 Park PL, and 478 Algonquin Ave.. Detroit, Mich. PASK, Raymond J. (Junior 1924), Engr., Wolff Coal Saver Co.. 1330 Congress St., and (for mail) 18 S. Homan Ave., Chicago, 111. PATERSON, James S. (1922). Heat. Engr. (for mail) Bd. of Education, 155 College Sl, and 23 Norton Ave., Toronto. Ont. PATERSON. William B. (Junior 1920; 1921). Asst.. H. H. Angus. Consulting Engr., 2 Bloor St.. W.. and (for mail) 198 St. Germain Ave-, Toronto, ont. ' PATORNO, S. A. S. (1923). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Meyer. Strong & Jones. Inc.. 101 Park Ave.. and 150 East 50th St., New York, N. Y. PATTERSON, D. Finley (Junior 1923). (for mail) V. N. Welamb Co.. 2313 Walnut St., and 6428 N. Woodstock St., Philadelphia, Pa. PEABODY, Ernest H. (1920). (for mail) Peabody Eng. Corp., 110 East 42nd St., New York, and 557 Pelham Manor Rd.. Pelham Manor, N- Y. PEACOCK, Jas. K. (1921). Mgr. New York Br. (for mail) Hoffman Specialty Co.. 512 Fifth Ave., New York, and 440 Fowler Ave., Pelham Manor, N. Y. PEARCE, C. E. (1911). Ch. Engr., Guilbert & Betelle. Archts., Chamber of Commerce Bldg.. Branford PL. Newark, and (for mail) 1255 Clinton Pi., Elizabeth, N. J. ' . -PEARSON, Harry D. (1917), Pres, and Treas.. Michigan Warm. & Vent. Co.. 317 Kelsey Bldg.. Grand Rapids, Mich. 28 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 PEASE. Harrison H. (Associate 1922), Commer cial Trust Bldg., and (for mail) 8409 Shawnee* St., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. ' * PEASE. John G. (1917), John G. Pease Co.. 308 Broadway, and 1718 East 59th St., Kansas City, Mo. PECKHAM, Randolph R. (1919), Supt. (for mail) 650 W. Baltimore Ave., and 3018 Hogarth Ave., Detroit. Mich. PEEBLES, John K. (Junior 1924; Associate 1925), Peebles & Ferguson, 733 Law Bldg., Norfolk. Va. PENSINGER, Luther C. (Associate 1925), Burdick Pensinger Co., 3409 East 18th St., and ' 19 West 62nd St., Kansas City, Mo. PERKAM, Stanly H. (1920), Associate Engr. (for mail) Charles R. Ammerman, 925 Continental Bank Bldg., and 4507 Carrollton Ave.. Indiana polis. Ind. PERKINS, Fred C. (Associate 1923). Perkins- LeNoir Co.. Pres, (for mail) Perkins-LeNoir Co., 1068 Drexel Bldg.. Philadelphia and Lansdowne, Pa. PETERKIN, Stuart MacC. (1922), Engr., C. A. Dunham Co.. 229 College St., and (for mail) 71 Deloraine Ave., Toronto, Ont. PETERMAN, Robert M. (1917), Engr., School Dist. of Philadelphia, 19th St., above Chestnut, Philadelphia, and (for mail) 205 Lauriston St., Wissahickon, Pa. . PETERS, Harry G. (Associate 1924). (for mail) Peters Heating Co.. P. O. Box 763. and 638 N. Congress St.. Jackson, Miss. ' PETERSEN, Gustave (Associate 1916), Treas. and Gen. Mgr. * (for mail) Heat, and Vent. Magazine. 1123 Broadway, New York, N. Y., and 216 11th St.. Hoboken. N. J. PETERSON, Evan A. (1923). Sales Engr.. Crane Ltd., 386 Beaver Hall Sq.. and 122 Keoaston Rd., Town of Mount Royal, Montreal, Que. PETERSON, H. K. (1920). Heat. Engr., Nelson Co., 2604 Fourth Ave., and (for mail) 14572 Coyle Ave., Detroit. Mich. . PETHERICK, David H. (Associate 1916), Sales man. U. S. Radiator Corp., 517 Dime Bank Bldg.. Detroit, and 9 Kenberton Dr.. Pleasant Ridge. Mich. PETICOLAS, Lloyd D. (1925), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Thomas Haverty Co.. Eighth St., and Maole Ave., and 1589 West 49th St.. Los Angeles. Calif. * PFEIFFER, Jos. F. (1921). (for mail) Jos- F. - Pfeiffer Steam & Hot Water Heat. Co.. 1140 California St., and 717 Vine St., Denver, Colo. PFUHLER, John L. (Junior 1923; Associate 1925). 600 Manor Rd.. W. New Brighton. S. I.. N. Y. PHEGLEY, Frank G. (1913), (Council 1918-1919) Research Engr., Hart-Crouse'Co.. 301 Turner St.. Utica. N. Y. PHILLIPS, Frank T. (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 25th and Reed Sts., Philadelphia, Pa., and 827 Belmont Ave., Col- Iingswood, N. J. PHILLIPS, Frederic W., Jr, (1921), Engr. (for mail) E. W. Mandeville, Inc.. 623 Parkside Ave.. and 825 East 38th St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. PHILLIPS, Lee (1920). Heat. Engr., 308 Ferguson Bldg., 319 Third Ave.. Pittsburgh, and Terrace Ave.. Carnegie. Pa. .- PICKETT, Clinton A. (Associate 1923), Sales Engr. (for mail) The Herman Nelson Corp., 510 Rialto Bldg., and 8003 Canton Ave., Vinita Park St.. Louis. Mo. PIERCE, Frank J. (1921). Mgr. Heat. Dept.. . The W. M. Pattison Supply Co., 777 Rockwell Ave., Cleveland, and (for mail) 1543 Belle*Ave., Lakewood, O. PIERCE, E. F. (Junior 1925), Hoffman Specialty Co., 72 Lynn Fells Parkway, Melrose, Mass. PIERON, Anton (1921). Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Warren & Wetmore. 16 East 47th St.. New York, and (for mail) Sterling PL, .St., Albans, N. Y. PINDER, Percy H. (i9l9). Treas. (for mail) Standard Steam Specialty Co.. 366 Third Ave., New Ycfrk. N. Y., and 12 Forest Rd.'. Ridge- wood. N. J. PINES, Sidney (1920), Asst. Mgr. (for mail) Natkin Eng. Co., 208 Mutual Bldg., and 5012 Forest Ave.. Kansas City. Mo. PIPER, Albert (1920). Plbg. and Heat. Contr. . Piper Bros., 340-346 N. Broad St., Trenton. N. J. PIPER, Edmund R. W. (Associate 1920). Plbg. and Heat. Contr., Piper Bros., 340-346 N. Broad St., Trenton, N. J. PITCHER, Leister J. (Junior 1924), Chief Drafts man, Illinois Engr. Co., 21st and Racine Ave., and (for mail) 7214 East End Ave., Chicago, 111. PITTELKOW, Arthur G. (1907), Pres, (for mail) Pittelkow Heat. & Eng. Co., 2340 W. Lafayette Blvd.; and 355 Chalmers Ave., Detroit, Mich. PLACE, Clyde R- (1924). Consulting Engr. (for mail) Clyde R. Place, Grand Central Terminal, and 35 Fifth Ave.. New York. N. Y. . PLACE, Herman R. (1924), Vice-Pres.. Sprague Bates Place Co., 28 Union St.. Boston, and (for mail) 835 Watertown St.. West Newton. Mass. PLAYFAIR, G. A. (Associate 1924). Mgr., Johnson Temperature Reg. Co., of Canada, Ltd.. 147 Church St., and 64 Cairns Ave.. Toronto, Ont. PLEWES, Stanley E. (1917), Br. Mgr. (for maU) Johnson Service Co.. 258 S. Van Pelt St., Phila delphia. and Evergreen Rd.. Jenkintown. Pa. PLUNKETT, John H. (1925). Chief of Bldg, and Boiler Inspection, Dept, of Public Safety. Rm. 24, State House. Boston, and (for mail) 81 Wood row Ave.. Dorchester. Mass. POOL, Sterling H. (1913), Pres.. Howard F. Pool Co., 5 Market St.. Lynn, Mass. POOLE, Ernest F. (1921), Engr. (for mail) F. P. Sheldon & Son. 1009 Hospital Trust Bldg., and 230 Lockwood St., Providence, R. I. POPE, S. Austin (1917). Contr. Engr. (for mail) 26 N. Jefferson St.. Chicago, and 410 N. Ashland Ave.. River Forest. 111. POPE, William A. (1906), Contr., Engr.. 26 N. Jefferson St., Chicago, 111. PORTER, Brayton A. (1922), Sales Engr.; Kewanee Boiler Co.. 510 Real Estate Trust Bldg., and (for mail) 4624 Hutchinson St., Philadelphia. Pa. PORTER, Ray L. (1919), Supt., Belden, Porter, Gray Co.. 65 North 17th St., Minneapolis, Minn. POSEY, James (1919), Consulting Engr. (for mail) James Posey, 1309 Lexington Bldg., and 4005 Liberty Heights Ave., Baltimore. Md. POTTINGER, C. T. (1917), Dist. Mgr.. American Blower Co.. 614-615 Bona Allen Bldg., Atlanta. Ga. POWERS, Fred I. (1920). Salesman. Box 324. Bozeman, Mont. POWERS. Fred W. (1911), (Council 1918-1919). Treas.; Powers Regulator Co.. 2720 Greenview Ave.. Chicago. 111. PRATT, Edwin D. (1922). Asst, to Gen. Mgr., Childs Restaurants. 200 Fifth Ave., New York, and (for mail) 283 Glen Ave.. Port Chester. N. Y. PREBLE, J. Jarvis (1919). Asst, to the Pres, (for mail) Spray Eng. Co.. 60 High St., Boston, and 38 Bowdoin St., Newton Highlands. Mass. PRICE, Frank E. (Associate 1922), Mgr. Heat. Dept.. Denver Br. Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.. 1730 Blake St., and (for mail) 1544 Jasmine St.. . Denver. Colo. * PROBST, Alfred H. (1919). Sales Engr. (formail)- Morgan-Gerrish Co.. 800-6 LaSalle Ave., and 2902 James Ave., S.. Minneapolis, Minn. PROX, Robert F. (Junior 1922; 1923), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Frank Prox Co., and 1608 S. Fourth St., Terre Haute. Ind. PRYOR, Frederick L. (1913), Advisory (for mail) National Silk Dyeing Co., 5 Colt St.,- Paterson, and Towaco. Morris Co.. N. J- PRYOR, Robert W., Jr.* (1913), (Council 1919 1920) Mech. Engr. (for mail) Koithan & Pryor, 39 Cortlandt St.. New York. N. Y., and 199 Roseville Ave.. Newark. N. J. .. PURCELL, Arthur J. (1914). Heat.. Plbg. and Steam Spec. Repr.. 631 New Britian Ave., Hart ford. Conn. ` PURCELL, Robert E. (1916). Heat. Vent, and Plbg. Contr.. 1735 Willis Ave.. W., and (for mail) 128 Avery Ave.. Detroit, Mich. 29 Roll of Membership PURDY, Alexander R. (1922), Pres, (for mail) REUTER, Albert G. (1922). Sales Engr., Daly Co.. Purdy, Mansell, Ltd.; 63 Albert St., and 30 1425 16th St., and (for mail) 702 S. Corona St., Glenrose Ave., Toronto, Ont, Denver, Colo.' PURINTON, Dexter J. (Associate 1923), Head of REYNOLDS, Henry M. (1915), Vice-Pres.. Gen* Mech. Dept, (for mail) McKenzie, Voorhees & era! Boilers Co., Waukegan. 111. Gmelin, 342 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y., and REYNOLDS, Thurlow W. (1922), Mech. Engr.. 23 Sachem Rd., Greenwich, Conn. D. D. Kimball Co.. 15 West 38th St., and (for PURSELL, H. E. (1919), Br. Mgr.. Kewanee Boiler mail) 242 East 23rd St.,-New York, N. Y. Co-, 1226-1228 California St., Denver, Colo. RHODES, Solomon V. (1921), Supt. of Heat, (for PYLE, John W. (1919), Supt. (for. mail) Pern mail) Farrell Heat. & Plbg. Co.. 25 Houston St., Heat. Co.. 30 W. Canal St., and 371 W. Third St., and 45 E. Cain St.. Atlanta. Ga. Peru, Ind. ' RIBLET, William H. (Associate 1921), East. 0 Div. Mgr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 101 Park Ave., and 32 West 40th St., New York, QUAY, D. M.* (Charter Member; Pres. 1909). N. Y. .(2nd Vice-Pres. 1895; 1st Vice-Pres. 1896), (for RICE, Clarence J. (Associate 1923), Pres, (for mail) D. M. Quay Co., Bulkley Bldg., and 1352 mail) Sterling Engr. Co., 1640 Halton St., East 84th St.. Cleveland, O. Milwaukee, and 2425 Thompson Ave., Whitefish QUENTIN, Edward H. (Associate 1919), Mgr. (for . Bay, Wis. - mail) Johnson Heat Regulating Co., 14 North ' RICE, Edmund T. (1920), Heat, and Vent, 12th St., and 3259 Geyer Ave., St., Louis, Mo. Engr. (for mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat. Co., QUIGLEY, William J. (1920). Salesman. Gurney 1823 Market St., and 838 South 56th St., Phila Heater Mfg. Co. (for mail) P. O. Box 184, delphia, Pa. Buffalo, and 27 Knowlton Ave., Kenmore,.N. Y. RICE, William W. (1915). Engr., Mellon Co., QUIRK, Clinton H. (1916), Vent, and -Mech. 4419 Ludlow St., Philadelphia, and (for mail) Engr. (for mail) Howard & Morse, Inc., 45 Morgan Ave., above State Rd.. Drexel.HHI, Fulton St.. New York, and Kilbum Rd. S., Del. Co., Pa. Garden City, L. I., N. Y. RICHARDS, Frank A. (1920). Sales Engr. (for mail) Richards & Wolfe, The Herman Nelson R Corp., 832 Atlas Bldg., and 2612 Glen Echo Dr., Columbus, O. RAE, Thos. W. (1924), Salesman (for mail) RICHARDS, S. Frank (1915), East. Sales Repr., American Radiator Co. (for mail) P. O. Box 882, H. A. Thrush & Co.. Peru. Ind., and (for mail) and 617 West 14th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. 335 W. Riverview Ave., Bellevue Br.. Pittsburgh, RAINE, John J. (1912), G. S. Blodgett Co., Bur Pa. lington, Vt. RICHARDSON, A. Howard (Associate 1922). RAINGER, Wallace F. (Junior 1924), Ch. Drafts 2nd Vice-Pres. (for mail) Richardson & Boynton man, Jaros & Baum, 116 West 39th St., New Co., 3639 S. Ashland Ave., and 1302 Ritchie Ct.. York, and (for mail) 155 Livingston Ave., Chicago, 111. ' Yonkers, N. Y. ' RICHARDSON, David Rl* (1915), Pres., Richard RAISLER, Samuel (1921), Pres., Raisler Heat. son & Boynton Co., 260 Fifth Ave., New York, & Sprinkler Co.. 129 Amsterdam Ave., and (for N. Y. mail) 202 Riverside Dr., New York, N. Y. RASMUSSEN, Einar (Junior 1925). Draftsman. RIDLER, Harry C. (1919), Plbg., Heat, and Vent. Engr. and Mfgr. (for mail) 310 West 33rd St., Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.. E. Pittsburgh, . and 3248 Pleasant Ave., Minneapolis. Minn. and (for mail) 518 Todd St., Wllkinsburg, Pa. RIETZ, Elmer W. (1923), Sales Engr. (for mail) RATHER, Max, F. (1919), Mgr. Cleveland Office, 2720 Greenview Ave., and 5246 Glenwood Ave., Johnson Service Co.. 2028 East 22nd St.. Cleve Chicago, 111. land, and 3098 Huntington Rd., Shaker Heights, RILEY, Albert H. (1919), Supt. Heat, and Vent, O. (for mail) Bd. of Education, Ninth and Locust REARDON, J. Albert (1921), Pres.. Reardon Bros. Sts., and 6235 Dowler Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Co-, Mfgs. National Bank, 341 Union St., , RILEY, Champlain L.* (1906; Pres. 1921). Lynn, Mass. .' (Council 1918-1919; 1st Vice-Pres. 1920), and RECK, Anders B.* (1899), Pres, (for mail) Reck Heat. Co., Ltd., 15 Esromgade, Copenhagen, and Christianavei 16, Heilerup, Denmark. REDERER, Benedict S. (1922), (for mail) B. S. Rederer & Co.. 513 Arrott Bldg., and 1515 Rockland Ave.. Pittsburgh, Pa. REED, J. F. (Associate 1923), Vice-Pres. (for mail) Reed Air Filter Co., 50 Church St., New York, ' N. Y.. and 63 Watchung Ave., Montclair, N.- J. REEDER, Charles L. (1911), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 916 N. Charles St.. Baltimore, and 222 Longwood Rd.. Roland Park. Md. REEDER, Frank C. (Associate 1919), Spec. Factory Repr., The Fulton Co., and (for mail) (for mail) Clark, MacMullen & Riley, 101 Park Ave., New York, N. Y,, and Plainfield, N. J. RILEY, DeWItt H. (1921), Engr., Research Dept., American Radiator Co., 1807 -Elmwood Ave., and (for mail) 815 Tonawanda St., Buffalo. N. Y. RINKENBERGER, G. (1924), Vice-Pres.and Mgr. (for mail) Paul Plbg. & Heat. Co., 811 Railroad St., and 831 Franklin St., Johnstown, Pa. RITCHIE, Edmund John (1923). (for mail) Sales Mgr., Sarco Co., Inc.. Woolworth Bldg., New York, and 140 East 19th St., Brooklyn; N. Y. RITCHIE William (1909), Vice-Pres., Boynton 204 E. Oklahoma Ave.. Knoxville, Tenn. Furnace Co., 58 West 40th St.. New York, N. Y., REESE. Henry L. (1923), Gen. Mgr., Keystone and 17 Van Reipen Ave.. Jersey City, N. J. . Plbg. & Heat. Co.. 1115 Union St., and (for mail) RITTER, Arthur (1911), N. Y. Mgr. (for mail) 835 Pear St., Reading. Pa. American Blower Co., 50 Church St.. New York,, REEVES, Charles G. (1916), 257 W. Clapier St., and 699 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Germantown. Pa. REICHWALD, Charles W. (1923), Heat. Engr.. C. W. Reichwald, Inc.. 3637 Blvd.. Jersey City, and (for mail) Adeline PI.. North Bergen, N. J.. REINHARD, E. L. (1919). Br. Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co.. 220`Delaware Ave., and . 99 Lincoln Blvd., Buffalo, N. Y. REPP. Harry Leroy (1922), Br. Mgr.. U. S. Radi ator Corp., 908 N. Senate Ave., and 824 East . 42nd St., Indianapolis. Ind. '- REUSS, Edward H,, Jr. (1921), Heat. Contr. (for ROBB, John M.* (1913), Heat. Engr.. 1513 Co lumbia Terrace, Peoria, 111. . ROBBINS. Loring G. (1907), Robbins. Gamwell & Co.. 68 West St., Pittsfield, Mass. ROBERTS, Henry L. (1916), Engr. and Contr., 228 North 16th SL, Philadelphia, Pa. ROBERTS, Wm. L. (1923). 183 Harrison Ave., Boston, and (for mail) 85 Baker St., West Roxbury, Mass. ROBERTSON, George A. (1902), Acting Supv. mall) E. H. Reuss, Jr., 30th and Race Sts., and Bryn Mawr and Woodbine Avea., Philadelphia; Ta. . Heat, and Vent. Inspector. Bd. of Education, Bureau of Plant Operation (for mail) 131 Living ston St., and 1081 East 39th St.. Brooklyn. N. Y. 30 American Society of Heating ami Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 ROBINSON. Albert G. (1924), (for mail) 4 RUSSEL, Donald Peters (1924), Heat, and Vent. Thomson Block, and 18 Harrison Ave., Glen Engr. (for mail) Thomas Haverty Co.. 316 Falls, N. Y. . E. Eighth St., Los Angeles, and 451 Edwards ROBINSON, S. Whitmore (Associate 1902; Ave., Wilmar, Calif. - 1910), Consulting Engr., 10 Kilburn Priory, RUSSELL, Hugh G. (1911), Inspector Mech. and London, N.W., England. Elec. Engr., Supv. Archt. Office (for mail) U. S. ROCKART, Edward R. (1921), Mech. Engr., Treasury Dept., Post Office Bldg., and 909 Minneapolis Bd. of Education. 245 Ninth Ave., East 10th St., Chattanooga, Term. N., Minneapolis, arid (for mail) 1173 Arkwright RUSSELL, Joseph N. (1899), Mgr., Rosser & St.. St. Paul, Minn. Russell. Ltd.. 37 Duke St., Osford St.. London, RODMAN, Robert W. (1922). Supt. of Plant W. 1. England. Operation, Bd. of Education, 500 Park Ave., and RUSSELL, William A. (1921), Asst. Gen. Mgr. 2102 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Sales, U. S. Radiator Corp., 133 E. Grand River ROEBUCK William, Jr. (1917), Associate Engr., Ave.. and (for mail) 2484 Pingree, Detroit, Mich. The R. T. Coe Companies, Cutler Bldg., and RUSSELL, William Arthur (Charter Member). Richford Hotel, Rochester, N. Y. Pres, (for mail) W. A. Russell & Co.. Grand ROGERS; A. Carle (1921), Consulting Engr., Central-Terminal Bldg.,' 70 East 45th St., New Power Plants Heat, and Vent., 752 Euclid Ave., York, and 563 Palisade Ave., Yonkers. N. Y. Toledo, O. RUSSELL, W. L. A. (Associate 1925), Sales Mgr. ROGERS, C. W. (1921), Secy, (for mail) N. Y. (for mail) Skinner Bros. Mfg.- Co.. Inc., 1474 S. Blower Co.. 2248 S. Halsted St., and 420 Aldine Vandevanter St., and 5605 Etzel Ave., St. Louis, St.. Chicago, 111. Mo. ROGERS, George H. (1920), Salesman and Heat. . RUSSELL, Willard E. (1921), Mgr., C. A. Dun Engr., International Heater Co., and (for mail) ham Co.. 219 E. Hanover St., Hunt Bldg., Linthicum Heights, Md.' Trenton, N. J. ROLLINS, Fred D. (1919), 4107 Washington RYAN, Harry J. (1922), Sales Engr., 91 Elm St., . Blvd., Chicago. I1L - Albany. N. Y.-i- - ROLLINS, Lewis M. (1916), Morris & Co... RYAN, Henry B. (1920), Vice-Pres., Bariy, Union Stock Yards, and (forfcmail) 218 N. Milton Byrne & Ryan Co., 104 S. Michigan Ave., St., St. Paul, Minn. Chicago, and 170 Fuller Lane, Winnetka, 111. RONEY, Thomas G. (1916). T. G. Roney Heat. Co., 3461 Fort St., W,, and 748 25th St., Detroit, S Mich. ROONEY, Martin A. (1918), Sales Engr. (for SABIN, Edward R. (1919), Pres.' (for mail) mail) American Radiator Co., 1807- Elmwood - Edward R. Sabin & Co.. 4710 Market St., Ave.. Buffalo, and Eggertsville, N. Y. Philadelphia, and S.E. Cor. Plumstead and Owen ROSEBROUGH, Robert M. (1920), Br. Mgr. Aves., Lansdowne, Pa. (for mail) L. J. Mueller Furnace Co., 1409 Olive SACHLEBEN, Edward H. (Associate 1921), E. St., and 5502 Maple Ave., St. Louis, Mo. H. Sachleben & Co., 1517 Olive St., SL Louis, ROSENBACH, Rudolph G. (1920), Sales Engr. Mo. - (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 549 Washing SAKOUTA, Mathleu L. (1923), Consulting Engr. ton St,, and 343 York St., Elmhurst, 111. and Expert (for mail) Gavan. Simanskaia 4, ROSS, John O. (1920), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for Lenigrad. Russia. - mail) J. O. Ross Engr. Corp., 30 East 42nd St., SANBERN, Edward N. (1923), Engr.. Mensing New York, and 875 West End Ave., New York, & Co. (for mail) 928 Presser Bldg., Philadelphia, N. Y. Pa., and 119 Haviland Ave., Audobon. N. J. ROSSMAN, Vincent D. (1919). Secy, (for mail) SANBORN, Stephen H. (Associate 1924), (for Modern Heat. Co.. 3935 Olive St., and 2365 mail) S. H. Sanborn Engr. Co., 123 E. Main St., Klemm St., St. Louis, Mo. P. O. 289. Middletown, N. Y. . ROTHROCK, John T. (1920), Supt. Mech. SANFORD, Arthur L. (1915), Mech. Engr. (for Engr., Thompson-Starrett Co., Packard Bldg., mail) Bd. of Education. 245 Ninth Ave., N., and ...Philadelphia, Pa. - ' 310 East 48th St.. Minneapolis, Minn. ROTZ, John M. (1918), Consulting Engr., Snider SANTMYER, W. J. (1921), Supt.. Steam Heat. & Rotz, 703 Merchants Bank Bldg., and 3930 Div., Puget Sound Power and Light Co., Electric Broadway, Indianapolis, Ind; Bldg., Seventh and Olive Sts., Seattle, Wash. ROW, Oliver M. (1912), Director, Royles, Ltd., SANVILLE, Chas. P. (1922), Sales Engr. (for . Heat Specialists, lrlam, near Manchester, Eng mail) Schade Valve Mfg. Co., 2527 N. Bodine land. ' St., and 1456 Sparks St,. Philadelphia, Pa. ROWE, William A. (1921), Ch. Engr., American SARGENT, Leonard F. (1919), Mgr., National Blower Co.. 6004 Russell St.,'and 7477 Churchill Heat. & Vent. Co., Box 103, Wausau, Wis. Ave., Detroit. Mich. '' ' SAULSON, Saul (1916), Mech. Engr.. Albert ROWLEY, Frank B.* (1918), Prof, of Mech. Eng., Kahn, Inc.. 1000 Marquette Bldg., and 2491 W. and Director of Experimental Eng. Laboratories. Euclid, Detroit. Mich. University of Minnesota, and (for mail) 63 Barton SAVILLE, Thos. H. (1924), (for mail) Inter Ave.. S.E., Minneapolis. Minn. national Correspondence, Vent. Schools, and 1121. RUCKEL, John B. (Associate 1919), Pres, (for Lafavette St., Scranton, Pa. mail) J. H. Ruckel & Son, 81-83 Main St., and SAWADE, Carl A. (Associate 1920). Mgr. Boiler 183 Cleveland Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. 'Sales (for mail) Continental Heater Corp., RUDDELL, Wm. H. (1921), Mgr., West Coast ' - Heat. Co., Inc., 1627 Fourth Ave., and 308 New- - ton St.. Seattle, Wash. RUDIO, H. M. (1921). (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., New York, and 142 Winspear Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. RUFF, Dewitt C., 2nd (1922), (for mail) Healy- Ruff Co.. 765 Hampden Ave., and 211 St. Clair St.. St. Paul, Minn. ' RUGART, Karl F. (Associate 1924), Sales Engr., Warren Webster & Co., 17th: and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J.,-and (for mail) 5830 Willows Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. , Dunkirk, and 35 Curtis PI., Fredonia, N. Y. ' SAWDON, WU1 M. (1920), Prof. Exp. Eng. (for -mail) Cornell University, and 1018 E. State St., Ithaca. N. Y. SCANLON, John J. (Associate 1924), Ames Iron Works, 1035 Commercial Trust Bldg., 30 South 54th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ` SCHEER, Fred'k W. (1922), Heat. Contr., 12 Brayton St., and 412 Vermont St., Buffalo. N. Y. SCHEIBEL, Albert H. (1919), Asst. Mech. Engr.. Stone & Webster, 147 Milk St., Boston, and (for mail) 92 Milton Ave., Hyde Park, Mass. SCHEIDECKER, Daniel B. (Associate 1919). . Salesman (for mail) Bayley Mfg. Co., Rm. 1156, RUPPERT, E.' H. (Associate T923), Salesman, 38 S. Dearborn St., and 4626 N. Kilbourn Ave., ; Excelso Specialty Works, Inc., 210 East 45th St., Chicago, 111. ' -:New York, and (for mail) 85 Eastern'Parkway, . Brooklyn, N. Y. SCHELLHAMMER, Alfred L. (1919), Schellhanuncr & Co., Warren, Pa. 31 Roll of Membership SCHILDMILLER, George H. (1922), (for. mall) Asst. Mgr., Detroit Br., American Radiator Co. 400 Barium Bldg., Detroit, and 912 Yorkshire Rd.. Birmingham. Mich. SCHLEMMER, Oliver H. (1906). 8442 Curzon Ave., Hartwell. Cincinnati. O. SCHLEY, Arthur A. (1920). Mgr. Heat Dept.. Schley & Nash Co., 709 Columbia Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. SCHLUTER, H. (Associate 1921), Ames Iron Works, Rm. 1010. 41 East 42nd St.. New York, and (for mail) 588 P. O. B.. Harrison, N. Y. SCHMIDT, George C. (Junior 1912; 1914). (for mail) Gen. Eastern Repr., McCann-Harrison Corp., 39 Courtlandt St., New York, and 67 Bum St.. Forest Hills. L. I.. N. Y. SCHNEIDER, Charles (1923). C. Schneider Co.. 492 East 163rd St.. New York, N. Y. SCHNEIDER, Paul W. (1919), 16 Pearl St., - Utica, N. Y. SCHOENIJAHN, Robert P. (1919). Consulting SEWARD, Perdval H.* (Charter Member). Vice- Pres.. Richmond Radiator Co., 1480 Broadway, New York, and (for mail) 369 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. SEWELL, John M. (1919), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 1822 Ludlow St., Philadelphia, and Warren Ave.. Berwyn, Pa. SHANKLIN. John R. (1899). Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) West Virginia Heat. & Plbg. Co., 233 Hale St., and 1507 Quarrier St., Charleston, W. Va. SHAW, Clinton E. (1921), Instructor (for.mail) Northeast High School, Eighth and Lehigh Ave., and 6412 North 11th St., Philadelphia, Pa. SHAW, Edgar (1923), Pres, (for mail) Lynch & Woodward, Inc., 202 Harrison Ave., Boston, and 51 Royal St.. Wallaston, Mass. SHAW, Norman James Henderson (Junior 1925). Sales Engr. (for mail) Barnes & Jones. 5 Melrose St., Boston, and 428 Adams St., Dor chester. Mass. Engr. (for mail) Industrial Trust Bldg.. 10th and SHAW, Raymond E. (1921). Sales Mgr. (for mail) Shipley Sts., and 7 Crawford Circle, Wilmington, B. F. Sturtevant Co.. Hyde Park, and Boston Del. ' .Athletic Assn., Boston, Mass. SCHOEPFLIN, Paul H. (1920), Pres, (for mail) SHAY, Russell A. (1924). Heat. Engr., 108 Lin- Niagara Blower Co., 673 Ontario (Ontario at wood St., Brooklyn, N. Y. ' N. Y. C. Tracks), and 155 Fordham Dr., Buffalo, N. Y. SHEA, M. B. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) American Radiator Co., 417 South 10th St., and 3616 SCHOPP. Walter J. (1922). General Eng. & Contr. Co., 419 Perry Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Lincoln Blvd.. Omaha. Nebr. SHEARS, Matthew W. (1922). Heat. Engr.. C. SCHRADER, Charles C.* (Junior 1923; Associate 1925). Research Engr. (for mail) Armstrong A. Dunham Co.. Ltd.. 1523 Davenport Rd., and (for mail) 53 Sylvan Ave.. Toronto. Ont. Cork & Insulation Co.. Argo Laboratory. Glou SHEFFIELD, Edward B. (1921), Asst. Eng. (for cester, N. J.. and 4842 N. Fifth St., Philadelphia, Pa. mail) Melvern F. Thomas, 229 College St., Toronto, and 25 Government Rd., Lambton SCHROTH, August H. (1911), Sales Mgr.. Mills. Ont. Richmond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway, New SHEFFLER, Morris (1921). Sheffler-Gross Co.. York. N. Y., and (for mail) 90 S. Parkway, East Orange. N. J. SCHULZ, Howard I. (Associate 1915), Local 205-11 Drexel Bldg., and 5451 Lebanon Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. SHEPPARD, Frank A. (1918). Johnson Service Mgr. (for mail) Crane Co.. 1217 W. Broad St.. Richmond. Va. SCHULZE, Ben. H. (1921). Sales Engr.. Hester- Co., 411 East 10th St.. Kansas City, Mo. SHEPPARD, William G. (1922). Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Sheppard & Abbott, 119 Harbour Bradley Co. (for mail) 4200 Forest Park Blvd., St., and 479 Dovercourt Rd., Toronto, Ont., Can. and 1914 Forest Ave.. St. Louis. Mo. SCHWAB. H. E. (1923), Vice-Pres. and Secy, (for SHERIFFS, Walter A. (1918). Mehring & Hanson Co.. 162 N. Clinton St., Chicago. 111. mail) c/o R. J. Schwab & Sons. Co., 283 Clinton St., and 266 Juneau Ave., Apt. 210. Milwaukee. Wls. SCIPIO. Lynn A.* (1921), Dean School of Eng., Robert College. Constantinople. Turkey. SCOLLAY, Ulysses G. (Charter Member). (Coun cil 1894; Board of Managers 1895; Treas. 1904-, . 1911) Pres., J. A. Scollay, Inc., 76 Myrtle AYe.. Brooklyn, N. Y. SCOTT, A. P. (1924), (for mail) Dennison-Mfg. Co.. 300 Howard St., Framingham. Mass. SCOTT, Charles E. (1907), Pres, and Treas. (for mail) Vapor Engr. Co., 489 Fifth Ave.. New York, N. Y.. and 40 West Ave., Darien, Conn. SCOTT, Edwin A. (1912), Editor (for mail) E. A. Scott Publishing Co.. 45 West 45th St., and SHINOHARA, Shiro (1924). Takata & Co., Marunouchi. and (for mail) 51 Iga Machi. Yotsuyaku, Tokyo, Japan. SHIPP, C. C. (1923). (for mail) C. C. Shipp & Co., 230 E. Ohio St., and 3405 Guilford Ave., Indian apolis. Ind. SHODRON, John G. (1921). Research Engr., James Mfg. Co., and (for mail) 411 E. Milwaukee Ave.. Ft. Atkinson. Wis. ` SHORB. Will A. (1909). Treas.. Held & Shorb Co.. 133 W. William St., and (for mail) 3 Lincoln PL. Decatur, 111. SHOZO, Salto (1923). (for mail) Maru No Uchi Bldg.. Opposite Tokyo Station, and Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. Japan. . 3224 Grand Concourse, New York, N. Y. SCOTT. George M. (1915), Child & Scott Co.. SHREINER. Dewey C. (Junior 1923). (for mail) Harry E. Shreiner & Son, 116 W. High St., and 108 Wooster St.. New York, N. Y. 608 W. Blvd.. Elkhart, Ind. SEABRIGHT, Louis C. (1920). Mech. Engr. (for SHROCK, John\H. (1924). Vice-Pres. (for mail) mail) c/o C. W. Bates. 77 12th St., and 155 Elm St., Edgwood, Wheeling, W. Va. New York Blower Co., and Bellevue Apts., La Porte, Ind. ' ' SEKIDO. Kunisuke (1903). Nakano. Tokio SHUELL, Frank W. (Associate 1921), Pres, and Suburb. Japan. . Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Everhot Heater Co., 524 SELLARS. Fred J. (1917), Pres, (for mail) Sell-Orr , - Heat. Co., 311 N. Penn Ave., and 619 North 9th Wesson Ave.. and 360 E. Boston Blvd., Detroit. . Mich. St., Independence. Kan. SHULTZ, Earle (Associate 1919). Vice-Pres. (for SELLMAN, Nils T. (1922). Engr. of Utilisation mail) Illinois Maintenance Co.. Rm. 1136, Edison (for mail) Consolidated Gas Co. of N. Y., 130 . Bldg., and 1310 BirchwoodAve.. Chicago, III. East 15th St., arid 2463 Grand Ave., New York, SIEGEL, John F. (Associate 1915), Mgr., Fuel -N. Y. SELTZER, A. P. (1921), Show Room Mgr. (for Oil Burner Engr. Co.. 101 Park Ave., New York, and 220 Sheridan Ave., Mt. Vernon. N. Y. ' mail) American Radiator Co.. 820 S. Michigan SIEGEL, Leo (Junior 1924; Associate -1925), Ave., Chicago, and Evanshire Hotel, Evanston, 111. Mech. Engr.. Bd. of Education, Heat, and Vent. Div., Flatbush and Concord Sts., and (for mail) SETZER, Walter C. (Junior 1922). Sales Eng.. H. 1507 Ave. U., Brooklyn. N. Y. B. Smith Co.. 17th and Arch Sts., and (for mail) N.W. Cor. Gilham St., and Hasbrook Ave. Lawn dale. Philadelphia. Pa. . SIMONSEN, Lawrence A. (1920), Estimator.and Engr., E. J. Claffey Co.. 10 W. Illinois St., and (for mail) 6419 Vernon Ave.. Chicago. III. 32 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 SIMPSON, William K. (1919), Secy, (for mail) SPIELMAN. Gordon P. (Junior 1923), Harrison- Hoffman Specialty Co., and 61 Fiske St., Water- Spielman Co.. 480 Milwaukee Ave., Chicago, and bury. Conn. ' 515 N. Prospect Ave.. Park Ridge, 111. SKAGERBERC. R. (Junior 1921; 1924), Sales SPITZLEY, Ray L. (1920), (for mail) R. L. Engr. (for mail) Drying Systems. Inc.. 11 S. Spitzley Heat. Co., 246 W. Lamed St., and 1050 Desplaines St., Chicago. III., and 1610 Burlin Yorkshire Rd.. Grosse Pointe, Detroit. Mich. game. Detroit, Mich. SPOFFORD, Harry H. R. (1923). Copper & SKELLY, John F. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr., . Brass Research Assn., 25 Broadway, New York. M. J. Daly & Sons, 543 Bank St., and (for mail) SPOONER, Harold R. (1921), Engr. and Estima 393 Ford St., Ogdensburg, N. Y. * tor. Atlas Heating Co.. Inc.. Jamaica, and (for SKINNER, Henry W. (1920). Mech. Engr., Rapp mail) 33 WoodhuU Ave.. Hollis, L. I., N. Y. & Rapp. 190 N. State St.. Chicago, and (for mail) SPRAGUE, Frank H. (1923). Skidmore Corp.. 418 Lawn Court. Waukegan.. III. .1535 Dayton St., Chicago, and 1522 Forest Ave., SMALL, John D. (1910), Consulting Engr. (for . Wilmette, III. mail) 127 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, and 411 SPROULL, Howard E. (1920). Dist. Mgr., Ameri Maple Ave.. Wilmette. 111. can Blower Co. (for mail) 1109-11 Keith Bldg., SMALLMAN, Edwin W. (1920). Pres. Isaac Cincinnati, O.. and Bedford. Ind. - Coffin Co.. 52 Sudbury St., Boston and 73 Rowe SPURGEON, Joseph H. (1924), 2403 First St.. Melrose, Mass. ' National Bank Bldg., Detroit, Mich. SMALLMAN. William T. (1911). Treas. Isaac STACEY, Alfred E., Jr.* (1914). Research Engr., Collin Co.. 52 Sudbury St., Boston. Mass. Carrier Eng. Corp,, 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., SMITH, Layton F. (1923), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Newark;(for mail) Wootton Rd., Essex Fells, N.J. Midwest Air Filters. Inc.. 1411 Walnut St., and STACKHOUSE, Raymond M. (1919). Mgr. 311 S. Hicks St., Philadelphia, Pa. American Radiator Corp.. (for mail) 509 SMITH, Leslie L. (1919), Mech. Engr. (for mail) Hannah Bldg.. Parkside Dwellings. Cleveland, O. Smith. Hinchman & Grylls, 800 Marquette Bldg., STAMMER. Edward L.* (1919), Heat, and Vent. and 1931 Delaware Ave.. Detroit, Mich. Supt., Bd. of Education, Ninth and Locust Sts., SMITH, Milton S. (1919), Production Mgr.. Car-. St. Louis, Mo. rier Engr. Corp.-, 750 Frelinghuysen Ave., New- STANGER, Ralph B. (1920). Sales Engr., Robin ` ark. and (for mail) 13 North Terrace, Maple son & Stanger, Empire Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. wood. N. J. STANFORD, Leland E. (1921). Mgr., Forbs- SMITH, Patrick J. (1923). W. J. McGuire. Ltd.. Stanford Co.. 756 Upson St., and. (for mail) 120 91 Jarvis St., and (for mail) 98 Woodfrey St., E. Cuyahoga Falls Ave., Akron, O. Toronto. Ont. STANGLAND, B. F. (Charter Member), (Board SMITH, Virgil A. (Junior 1923). Sales Engr. (for of Managers 1895; Council 1896, 1897; Board of mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 1434 Franklin St., Managers 1899; Board of Governors 1905-1906; Tampa. Fla. . 2nd Vice-Pres. 1908; Board of Governors 1909). SNELL, Ernest (1920), Heat, and Vent. Engr.. Morton. N. Y. 3914 LeMay Ave., Detroit. Mich. STANNARD, James M.* (1906). (Board of Gov SNYDER. Charles B. J. (1895). (Board of Gov ernors 1913; Council 1914, 1917). Pres.. Stannard ernors 1900-1904; 2nd Vice-Pres. 1905; 1st Vice- Power Equipment Co.. 925 Monadnock Block, Pres. 1906; Pres. 1907; Board of Governors Chicago, 111. ' 1908). Consulting Archt. Dept, of Education, STANWOOD. J. B. (1924). Vice-Pres. and Con and (for mail) 430 Lewis Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. sulting Engr.. The Stanwood Corp.. and (for SNYDER. Jay W. (1917). (for mail) McCoII. mail) 2415 Maplewood Ave.. Cincinnati. O. Snyder & McLean, 2348 Penobscot Bldg., and STAPLES, Wm. H. (Associate 1924). Gillis & 8987 Martindale Ave., Detroit, Mich. Geoghegan, 537 West Broadway, and 137 West SNYDER. Joseph Samuel (Associate 1925), Sales 96th St.. New York. N. Y. Engr. (for mail) American Radiator Co.. Rm. STARK, Edward A. (Associate 1914; 1916), Br. 414, 220 Delaware Ave.. and 51 Granger PL, Mgr., U. S. Radiator Corp,, 1248 First Ave., S., Buffalo. N. Y. and 2338 Broadway. N.. Seattle. Wash. SODEMANN. Paul (Junior 1920; Associate 1925). STARK, Ira. S. (Junior 1920; Associate 1925). Sales Engr., Fischer Heat. Co.. 367-69 Adams St., : Sales Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 710 and (for mail) 206 Garland PL. Memphis. Tenn. 14th St.. N.W., and 127-3100 Connecticut Ave., SODEMANN, William C. (1919), Vice-Pres., Washington, D. C. . . Sodemann Heat. & Power Co.. 2306 Morgan St., STARKS, Verne E. (1921). Dist. Mgr.. Ilg Elec and (for mail) 3510 University St., St. Louis. tric Vent. Co.. 1314 Schofield Bldg.; and (for SODERBERG. Charles H. (1919). Consulting mail) 1.3502-Fourth Ave., Cleveland. O. Engr.. 1011 Charlevoix Bldg., Detroit, and 220 STEARNS. William F. (Associate 1925), Stearns Puritan Rd.. Birmingham. Mich. & Eaton (for mail) 100 Boylstoa St.. Boston, and SOMMER, Louis J.. Jr. (1922), Plbg. and Heat. 2 Salisbury Rd.. Winchester. Mass. Contr. (for mail) Sommer & Son. 2436 Brown St.. STEDMAN, C. N. (1921). (for mail) C. N. Stedman Philadelohia. Pa. Co.. 610 Wrigley Bldg., and 6917 Crandon Ave.. SOPER, Horace A. (1916). Vice-Pres., American Chicago, 111. Foundry & Furnace Co.. 1122 E. Monroe St., STEEL, Lllburn H. (Associate 1924), Mgr. N. Y. ' Bloomington. 111. Br., Abram Cox Stove Co.. 113 East 34th St., SOPER, Ira N. (1919). Sales Engr. (for mail) New Yoik, and (for mail) Edgewood. Hall. Warren Webster & Co.. 549 W. Washington Pelham Manor, N. Y. . Blvd., and 7214 Prairie Ave., Chicago. 111. STEIM, Charles J.. Jr. (1923). Samuel Sloan & SOULE, Lawrence C. (1908), Secy, (for mail) Co.. 67 Exchange St., and 436 Rosewood Terrace,- Aerofin Corp.. 750 Frelinghuysen Ave.. Newark. Rochester. N. Y. . and 26 Wootton Rd.. Essex Falls. N. J. SOWERS. Paul Edgar (1922). Engr.. and Br. Mgi. Vapor Heat Co.. 201 N. George St., and (for mail) P. O. Box 295. York. Pa. ' SPARKS, Frank B. (Associate 1921). Supt. (for. mail) Jas. Spear Stove & Heat: Co.. 1823 Market - St., and 5904 Chestnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa. SPECKMAN, Charles H. (1918). (for mail) 572 - The Bourse, Philadelphia. Pa. SPELLER, Frank N.* (1908). Metallurgical Engr.. National Tube Co.. 1810 Frick Bldg., and 6411 Darlington Rd.. Pittsburgh, Pa. STEINER. John G. (Associate 1922). (for mail) Utica Heater Co., 235 15th St., and 1368 Eliza beth St.. Denver. Colo. STEINHORST, Theo. F. (1919). Engr. and Est. Emil Steinhorst & Sons, 1158 Mohhwk St., and 1664 Brinckerhoff Ave.. Utica, N. Y. ' . STEINKE, G. B. (1924), Pres, (for mail),T03 Park Ave., and 2730 Decatur Ave.. Brooklyn, N. Y. STEPHENSON, Lewis A. (1917), Mgr. (for mail) Powers Regulator Co.. 409 East':13th St., and 801 West 57th St., Terrace. Kansas City. Mo. SPERZEL, Henry J; (1919). N. W. Br. Mgr. (for .STERN, H. Richard (1923),.(for mail) Johnson & mail) Kewancc Boiler Co.'. 708 Builders Ex., and Morris. 538 West 23rd St., and 225 We$t'86th St.. 4644 Bryant Ave., S.. Minneapolis, Minn. New York, Ni Y. . .. ... . 33 Roll of Membership STETSON, Lawrence R. (1913), (for mail) Me* SWEENEY, Sylvester H. (1915), Engr. and Murrer Co., 303 Congress St., Boston, and 35 Contr. (for mail) S. H. Sweeney. Inc.. 208 East Bradfieid Ave.,' Roslindale, Mass. ' 45th St., and 1916 Loring PI., New York. N. Y. STEVENS, Frank H. (Associate 1924). Sales Engr. SZEKELY, Ernest (1920), Consulting Engr. (for (for mail) Heggie Simplex Boiler Co., 242 W. mail) 500 B. & R. T. Bldg., and 12537 Arliss Dr.. Larned St., Detroit, Mich., and 4618 Kenmore Cleveland, O. Ave.. Chicago. 111. - STEVENS, Harry L. (Junior 1924). (for mail) T M. M. Stevens Co., 108 W. Sherman St., and 111 West 16th St., Hutchinson, Kan. TAGGART, Ralph G. (1912), Ch. Engr.. Dept, of STEWART, Charles W. (1918), Pres., Haynes Archt. (for mail) 14 Lyon Ave.. Menands. Selling Co.. 1711 Sansom St., and (for mail) Albany, N. Y. ' 716 South 51st St., Philadelphia, Pa. TAIT, George M. (1909), Heat. Vent, and Sani STEWART, Earl A. (1922), Assoc. Prof. Agr. tary Engr., 34 West 1st St., Mansfield, O. Physics, Univ. of Minnesota, University Farm, TALIAFERRO, Robert R. (1919). (for mail) St. Paul. Minn. Carrier Eng. Corp., 1402 Land Title Bldg., and STEWART, R. G. (Associate 1924), Chandler Beechwood. Park. Philadelphia, Pa. Pump & Supply Co., 931 West 8th St., and (for TALLMADGE, Webster (1924), 150 Broadway. mail) 1823 Houston St,, Kansas City, Mo. New York. N. Y. . STILL, Fred R.* (1904; Pres. 1918), (Council TANGEMAN, Bruno W. (Associate 1919). Mgr. 1916; 2nd .Vice-Pres. 1917, Council 1919), Vice- (for mail) A. Y. McDonald Mfg, Co., 822 Third Pres. and Secy, (for mail) American Blower Co., St., S., and 2716 Aldrich, S., Minneapolis, Minn. 50 Church St.. New York. N. Y. TANNEHILL, Louis W. (1925), 1420 S. Flower STITT, Eugene W. (1917). Sales Repr., Hoffman St.. Los Angeles. Calif. Specialty Co., 1535 Fairlawn Ave., S. Hill Br., TAVERNA, Frederick F. (Junior 1924), Estima Dormont, Pittsburgh. Pa. tor, Raisler Heating Co.. 129 Amsterdam Ave., STITT, Howard B. (Associate 1922), Heat. Engr. New York, N. Y., and (for mail) 406 Savoye St.. (for mail) 506 West 29th St., Indianapolis, Ind. Union City, N. J. * STOCK, Edward L. (Associate 1918), Pres, (for TAYLOR, Fred K. (1919), (for mail) Sales Dept., mail) The Republic Boiler & Radiator Co.. 1214 Taylor Instrument Cos., 95. Ames St., and 111 New York Ave., N.W:, Washington, D. C. and Trafalgar St., Rochester, N. Y. Bradley Hills, H-ethseda, Md. TAYLOR. Milton Adam (Associate 1925). Asst, STOCKENBERG, Ruben (1922). Sales Engr. (for to Pres, (for mail) Taylor Forbes Co.. Ltd., and mail) Johnson Service Co., 1355 W. Washington 178 Queen St.. Guelp, Ont. Blvd.. and 1314 Columbia Ave., Chicago. 111. TAYLOR, Reginald F. (1915), Consulting Engr., STOCKLY, Harold A. (1925), 240 S. El Molins R. F. Taylor, 1020 Western Indemnity Bldg., . St., Alhambra. Calif. and 5742 Richmond Ave., Dallas, Tex. STOCKWELL, William R. (Junior 1901; 1903). TAYLOR, Thomas Smith (1921), Chief Research Gen. Mgr., WeiLMiLain Co.. Michigan City, Ind. Physicist (for mail) Bakelite Corp., 230 Grove STOKES, Ralph E. (1920), Residence Mgr., Vent. St., Bloomfield, and 57 Arlington Ave., Caldwell, Engr. (for mail) Ilg Elec. Vent. Co.. 1024 Bes- N. J. . seiner Bldg.. Pittsburgh, and 843 River Rd., TAZELAAR, Peter (Junior 1916), Sales Engr. (for Avalon Borough, Pa. mail) Commonwealth Brass Corp., 48 East 41st STOLENBERG, Thomas R. (1922). Sales Rep. St., New York, N. Y,, and 43 Fulton St., Bloom Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) Box 1168, and field. N. J. Kenmark Hotel, Denver. Colo. TEMPLIN, Charles L. (1921), Ch. Engr. (for STONE, Eugene R. (1913), Pres., Stone-Underhill mail) American Heat. & Vent. Co., P. O. Box Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave., Boston. ' 876, 801 Fayetteville St., and 720 Nash Dr., Mass. '' Raleigh, N. C. STONE, George F. (1918), Engr. and Estimator, TENKONOHY, Rudolph J. (1923). Sales Engr. A. M. Barclay. 113 North 6th St., and (for mail) (for mail) American Blower Co.. '2136 Oliver 4520 N. Carlisle St.. Philadelphia, Pa. Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa., and 37 Stevens Ave., STORM, Edwin S. (1916), Vice-Pres., Hoffman Highland Park, Mich. Specialty Co.. 130 N. Wells St.. Chicago.' 111. TERRELL, Herbert A. (1915), Secy, and Treas., STRANDWITZ, William J. (1919), Secy, and Atmospheric Conditioning Corp., 921 Lafayette Treas. (for mail) Strandwitz & Scott. Inc., 537-49 Blag., Philadelphia, Pa., and (for mail) Wenonah. South 2nd St.. Camden and Hawthorne. Ave., N. J. Haddonffeld. N. J. TERRY, Frank W. (Associate 1923), Sales Engr., STROH, William H. (1921), Mgr.. Heat. Dept., Richmond Radiator Co.. 1480 Broadway, New Bridgeman Co., 120 South 30th St.-, and (for mail) . York, N. Y.. and (for mail). 301 Central Ave., 5405 Chestnut St., Apt- A. Philadelphia. Pa. Orange. N. J. ' '. STRONG, Ralph C. (1919), Salesman (for mail) THATCHER, George S. (1919), Pres, (for mail) 4515 Larchwood Ave.,-and Pierce, Butler 8c -Thatcher Heat. Co., 455 E. Exchange St., and . Pierce Mfg. Corp., 31st and Oxford Sts., Phila 140 Morningside Dr., Akron, O. delphia. Pa. THEISEN; Edwin F. (1922), Pres, and Heat. STROUSE. Sidney B. (1921). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Engr., Industrial Plbg. and Heat. Co.. 606 Second f Warren Webster & Co.. 429 Guarantee Trust St., and (for mail) 1835 Des Moines St.,-Ft. Bldg., and 22 S: Illinois Ave., Atlantic City, N. J. . Madison, la. SUITS, George A. (1920), Mgr.. Hoffman Specialty THEORELL, Hugo G. T-* (1902), Consulting Co., 26 Stanley Ave.; Medford. Mass. Engr., 4 Skoldungatan, Stockholm. Sweden. SULLIVAN. Daniel A. (1923). Ch. Engr.. Miller THINN, Christian A. (1921), Asst. Sales Mgr. & Brady, Inc.. 210 East 38th St., and (for mail) and Engr. (for mail) C. A. Dunham Co., 230 E. 3178 Rochambeau, Bronx. New York, N. Y. Ohio St., and 1721 Humboldt Blvd., Chicago, 111. SUTCLIFFE. Arthur G. (Associate 1918; 1922). THOMAS, Bernard A. (Junior 1923). Sales Engr. Engr., Ilg Elec. Vent. Co., 2850 N. Crawford (for mail) U. S. Radiator Corp., 303 Crosby Bldg., Ave., and (for mail) 4146 N. St. Louis Ave., and 3193 Main St., Buffalo. N. Y. ' Chicago. 111. THOMAS, Glegge (1923). Br. Mgr. (for mail) B. SUTER, George (1921). Heat. Contr. (for mail) F. Sturtevant Co., 900 F St., N.W., Washington, ` 210 East 2nd St., and 1842 Barrett Ave., Sedalia, D. C., and Box 71, Route I, Roslyn, Va. * Mo. - THOMAS, Herbert G. (1917). Sales Engr., SUTTERLEY, W. W. (1919), 503 North 52nd St.. Warren Webster & Co., 549 W. Washington Philadelphia, Pa. Blvd., Chicago, and (for mail) 2312.Ridge Ave.. SWANEY, Carroll R. (Junior 1921), Sales Engr. Evanston, 111. (for mail) 16 Fairfax St., West Somerville. Mass. THOMAS. Melvern F. (1909). Consulting Engr. SWARTWOUT. Jay D. (1917). Contr. Engr., 349 (for mail) Rm. 30-34. 229 College St.. and 24 S. Weadock Ave., Saginaw, Mich. Ralph Ave., Toronto, Ont. ` 34 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 THOMAS, R. H. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Economy TREAT, Edwin J. (Associate 1911; 1912). Auto Pumping Mach. Co., 122-124 N. Curtis St., force Vent. System, and 661 West 188th St., Chicago, and 426 Forest Ave., Oak Park, 111. THOMPSON, James (1920), Pres, (for mail) Philadelphia Boiler Works, 1737 Filbert St., and Sunderland Apts., 35th and Powelton Ave., Phila delphia, Pa. THOMPSON, Nelson S.* (Junior 1897; 1917), Ch. Mech. and Elec. Engr., .Office of Supv. 'Archt. U. S. Treas. Dept., and (for mail) 1615 Hobart St., N.W., Washington, D. C. THOMPSON. William P. (1915). (for mail) Thompson Bros.. 520 Buttonwood St., and 1349 New York, N. Y. TREE, Russell T. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng, Corp., 39 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. TRIPP, Louis H. (1915), Ch. Engr.. U. S. Veterans Bureau. Arlington Bldg., and (for mail) 3721 Fulton St.. N.W,% Washington. D. C. TRUITT, Joseph E. (Associate 1911; 1920), Pres.. Autovent Fan & Blower Co., 730-738 W. Monroe St., Chicago. III. '- TURNO, Walter G. W. (Associate 1912; 1917), Engr. and Estimator, 71 Lafayette Ave., East Colwyn St.. Philadelphia. Pa. . Orange, N. J. THOMSEN, William T. (1919), Secy, and Treas. TUSCH, Walter (1917), Heat, and Vent. Engr. (for mail) 609-611 Tower Bldg., and 3408 Mag (for mail) Tenney 8c Ohmes, 101 Park Ave., nolia Ave., St. Louis, Mo. New York, and 881 Sterling PI., Brooklyn. N. Y. THORNTON, Roger T. (1919), Sales Engr. (for TUTTLE, J. Frank (1913), Mgr. (for mail) mail) Buffalo Forge Co., 496 Broadway, and 108 Warren Webster & Co.. 220 Devonshire St., Claremont Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. - Boston, and Winchester, Mass. . THRUSH, Homer A. (1918), Pres, (for mail) TWEED, Carleton F. (1916). Chief Engr.. Arling H. A. Thrush & Co., 21-23 E. River St,, and 271 ton Engr. Corp.. Rm. 812, 111-W. Jackson Blvd., S. Broadway, Peru, Ind. and 338 N. Latrobe Ave.. Chicago, 111. THUEM, Adoplh E. (Junior 1922), Heat. Engr., TWIST, Charles F. (1921), Ashwell & Twist. 2127 Board of Education. Concord St., and Flatbush First Ave., Seattle, Wash. Ave.. Ext., Brooklyn, N. Y., and (for mail) 132 TYLER, Frank T. (1922). Mgr. (for mail) Esti Gardner St.. Union City, N. J. mating Dept., Herman Nelson Corp., and 1615 TIBBETS, John C. (1920). Heat, and Vent. Eighth Ave., Moline, 111. Engr., B. & O. R. R. Co., 1303 B. & O. Central Bldg., Baltimore, and (for mail) Ellicott- City, U Howard County, Md. - TiLDEN, Elwyn E. (1924), (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 220 Devonshire St., Boston, and Holbrook. Mass. TIMM, William H. (1915). Consulting Engr. and Archt. (for mail) 726 Perry Bldg., and 3322 N. Park Ave., Philadelphia, Pa, TIMMERMAN, Manford M. (Junior 1921; Associate 1925), Westinghouse Elec. & Mfg. Co.. East Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 859 E. Hutchin son Ave., Swissvale. Pa. TIMMIS, Pierce (1920), Mech. Eng. (for mail) Dwight P. Robinson & Co., Inc., 125 East 46th St.. New York, and Little Neck Rd.. Douglas Manor, L. I., N. Y. . ' UHL. Edwin J. (1925), Sales Engr., Uhl Co., 132 South 10th St.. Minneapolis, Minn. UHL, Willard (1918), Sales Engr. (for mail) Uhl Co.. 132 South 10th St., and 4716 Lyndale Ave., S., Minneapolis, Minn. UHLHORN, W. J. (1920), Sales Engr., Drying Systems, Inc., 11 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, and (for mail) 733 S. Highland Ave., Oak Park, IIL UNDERHILL, William W. (1913). Treas., Stone- Underhill Heat. & Vent. Co., 171 Harrison Ave., Boston, and 15 Kenwood St., Brookline, Mass. UPINGTON, George P. (1917), Sales Engr., Clarage Fan Co., 149 Broadway, New York, and 770 Greene Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. TIMMIS, Walter S.* (1911; Pres. 1919), (Council 1916; 1917; 1920; 1st Vice-Pres. 1918), Con V sulting Engr. (for mail) 315 Fifth Ave., New York, and Hillsdale and Homer Lee Aves., VAILE, Rawson (1921), Asst. Secy, (for mail) Jamaica, N. Y. . American Blower Co.. 6004 Russell St., and 4744 TIMMIS, William Walter (Associate 1925), Sales Engr. Hoffman Specialty Co.. 512 Fifth Ave., New York, and (for mail) 8828 181st St., Jamaica, N. Y. TINKER, William E. (Associate 1922). National Radiator Co.. 121 N. Broad St,, and 600 South 48th St., Philadelphia, Pa. TISNOWER, William (1923). Heat. Engr. (for mail) 131 Livingston St.. Brooklyn. N. Y. TITZELL, J. Edgar (1923), Mgr., Eastern Dist. Sales Office, Gen. Boilers Co.. 101 Park Ave., and (for mail) 132 West 88th St.. New York, N. Y. TJERSLAND, Alf (Junior 1906; 1916).. E. Sunde & Co., Christiania. Norway. Second Blvd., Detroit. Mich. VALENTINE, Howard D.* (1924). Peoples Gas Light Bldg., 122 S. Michigan Ave.. Chicago, 111. VAN ALEN, Walter T. (1924), Sales Eng. Heat. Dept., Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.. '439 Water St.. Pittsburgh, and (for mail) 1300 .Darlington Rd.. R. F. D. 1. Beaver Falls. Pa. . VANCE, Louis G. (1919). Dist. Mgr. (for mail) ' Warren Webster 8c Co., 510 Garrett Bldg:, and 3601 Garrison Ave.. Baltimore. Md. VAN INWAGEN, Frank (1916). Pres., Central Brake Shoe & Foundry Co., Railway Exchange, . Chicago, and (for mail) 151 County Line Rd., - Hinsdale, 111. '' VAN NORDEN, Ernest M. (1923). N. Y. Edison TOBIN, George J. (1905), Contr. Engr. (for mail) Co.. 130 East 15th St.. New York, N. Y. 187 North Ave., and 510 Grant Ave., Plainfield, VAN SICKLE, William B. (1915), Pres, (for mail) N.J. -. W. B. Van Sickle Co., 707 Frankfort Ave., Cleve TODD, James (1922), Pres, (for mail) Sterling land, and 1530 Grace*Ave., Lakewood, O. Varnish Co., 528 Fulton Bldg., Pittsburgh, and Sewickley, Pa. ' VAN ZANDT, John H. (1914), (for mail) John H. Van Zandt. 1903 Santa Fe Bldg., and 4416 TODD, James M. (Junior 1924; Associate 1925), Bryan St., Dallas. Tex. ' (for mail) 617 Maison Blanche Bldg., and 2433 VAUX, Frederick J. (1919). Vice-Pres. and Gen. Pine St., New Orleans; La. Mgr., Monitor- Bi-Loop Radiator Co., 202 E. TOENNIGES, George C. (1915). Sales Engr.. King St.. Lancaster, Pa. 3417 N. Lincoln St,, Chicago, 111. - VAUX, Noble (Associate 1923), Heat. Engr., TOMLINSON, Malcolm C. W. (1924), Mech. R. T. Vaux & Son, 12 Fawcett St., and (for mail) Engr., Development Br., Hawthorne Wks., 11 Holemelands Park S,, Sunderland, England. Western Elec. Co., and (for mail) 1376 Greenleaf VERNER, William F.* (1913). Secy, and Treas.; Ave., Chicago. 111. - TOOKER, Charles C. (1918). Heat. Engr., 113 Mech. Engr. (for mail) Verner, Wilhelm-, 8c Molby, 824 Book Bldg., Detroit, and 908 Lincoln . North 27th St., and (for mail) 208 Terry Ave., Ave.. Ann Harbor, Mich. . ' .' Billings, Mont. ' VIVARTTAS, Eugene A. (1910), Consulting TRANE, Reuben N. (1915). 1514 King SL, La Engr, (for mail) 139 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, Crosse, Wis. ' N. Y. ' '' 35 Roll of Membership VOGELBACH. Oscar (1923). Heat, and Vent. Engr.t Guilbert & Betell. Archts.. Chamber of . Commerce Bldg.. Newark, and 195 Devon St.. Kearney, N. J. . VOIGT, Charles O. (1921). Sales Engr., The Stearns Roger Mfg. Co.. 1720 California St., and 60 Albion St., Denver. Colo. VOLK, Joseph H. (1923). Thos. E. Hoye Heat. Co., 1910 St. Paul Ave., Milwaukee. Wis. VOORHEES, Guy A. (1922). Engr., Century Heat. Service Co., 32-36 West 10th St., and (for mail) 3451 Broadway, Indianapolis. Ind. VOSE, Richard H. (1923). Johnson & Morris. 538 West 23rd St., New York, and (for mail) 18 Leland Ave., New Rochelle. N. Y. W WACHTER, John A. (1914), Pres, (for mail) Wachter, Hoskins & Russell. Inc., 723-725 W. Pratt St., and 112 Ailsa Ave., Hamilton, Balti more. Md. * WADDINGTON, Bertram C. (1922), Engr., W. B. Irwin, Engis., 911 Bankers Mortgage Bldg., Houston, Tex. WADDINGTON, Earle C. (1917), Sales Engr. (for mail) Natlrin Eng. Co.. 208 Mutual Bldg., and 3230 Tracy Ave., Kansas City. Mo. WADLEY, Calvin Page (1919), Pres, (for mail) Excelso Specialty Works, Inc., 119 Clinton St., and 60 Agassiz Circle. Buffalo. N. Y. WAGNER. A. M. (Associate 1921), Mgr.. Ameri can Radiator Co., Cor. Prior and Minnehaha. *St. Paul and 1626 West 25th St.. Minneapolis, Minn. WAGNER, John P. (Associate 1921), Pres- and Gen. Mgr., Dowagiac Mfg. Co.. P. O. Box ,95. Dowagiac, Mich. ' WALDRON, Chas. W. (Associate 1924), (for mail) American Larson Vent. Co.. 204 Keystone Bank Bldg.. Pittsburgh, Pa., and 1006 Ninth St.. Portsmouth, O. WALKER, Alex. (Associate 1925), Br. Mgr. (for - mail) C. A. Dunham & Powers Regulator. 311 312 Dominion Bank Bldg., Calgary. Can. WALKER, James B. (1919). Secy, and Treas. (for mail) Pittsburgh Heat. Co.. 715 Magee Bldg., and 202 Iroquois Apt., Pittsburgh, Pa. WALKER. James H.* (1916), Supt.. Central Heat, (for mail) Detroit Edison Co., 2000 Second Ave., and 1520 Virginia Park, Detroit. Mich. WALKER, Win. K. (Junior 1924). Mech. Engr. (for mail) McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin, 342 Madison Ave., New York, and 191 Central Ave., St. Albans, L. I.. N. Y. WALLACE, Albert (1921), Mfgrs. Repr.. A. Wallace & Co.. 402 Jacobson Bldg., and (for mail) 2971 Irving St., Denver, Colo. WALLACE, George J. (1923), 206 East 57th St.. .New York, and (for mail) 27-36 Ericsson St., East Elmhurst. L. I., N. Y. - WALLACE, John P. (1921). Secy, and Treas... Wallace Plbg. Co.. 1238 Caifornia St., and 1320 S. Josephine, Denver, Colo. . WALLICH, A. C. (1919). (for.mail) Wallich Ice Machine Co.. 517 E. Lamed St., and. 1211 E. Grand Blvd., Detroit. Mich. ... WALSH, Arthur F. (Associate 1923), Heat; and Vent. Contr., A. F. Walsh, 7445 Exchange Ave., and 7536 S. Shore Dr., Chicago. 111. WALSH, Joseph G. (1919), Sales Engr. (formail) 720 Pioneer Trust Bldg., and 4406 Main St., Kansas City. Mo. WALSH. Malcolm (1924). Secy, (for mail) Walsh ' & Wortheim, 55 W. Houston St., New York, and 25-Sherman Ave.. Torapkinsville, S. I.. N. Y. WALTERS, Arthur. Lee (Junior 1924; Associate 1925) Buck's Stove & Range Co., 3500 North 2nd .St., St. Louis. Mo. . WALTERS, Victor (Junior 1924). Draftsman. , I. C. R. R. Bldg. Dept.. Dowie. Bldg..-109 East 12th St., and (for mail) 1422 East 69th St., Chicago. III. WALTERS, William T. (1917). Engr., Illinois Eng. Co., West 21st St. and Racine Ave., and (for mail) 1422 East 69th St.. Chicago. 111. WALTHERTHUM, John J. (Associate 1922). J. J. Waltherthum, 173 East 62nd St., New York, N. Y,, and 834 Grand St., Jersey City, N.J. WALTHER. Owen N. (1919), Treas. (for mail) York Heating & Ventilating Corp. 1502 Locust St., and Engineers' Club, Philadelphia, Pa. WALTHER, Vernon H. (Junior 1925), Asst. Mech. Dept, (for mail) E. W. & Geo. L. Rapp, Arch.. Rm. 1200, 190 N. State St., and 4537 Greenview Ave.. Chicago. III. WALTON, Hiram L. (1916). Mech. Engr.. Smith. Hinchman & Grytls. 800 Marquette Bldg., Detroit, and 218 Monterey Ave.. Highland Park. Mich. WARD, Oscar G. (1919), Dist. Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 1230 California St., and 1515 East 9th Ave., Denver. Colo. . WARNKE, Fred E. (Associate 1921). Sales Engr. (for mail) Spencer Turbine Co.. 5005 Euclid Ave.. and 2641 Taylor Rd.. Cleveland Heights, O. WARREN, Clarence N. (1919). Vice-Pres. and Engr.. Hayes Bros.. Inc.. 236 W. Vermont St., and (for mail) 419 East 48th St., Indianapolis, Ind. WASH. Wm. Percy (1923). Sales Engr. (for mail) Richmond Radiator Co., P. O. Box 381, and 131 Wellington Ave., Roanoke. Va. WATKINS, James A. (1919). Sales Engr.. Ameri can Blower Co.. 140 S. Dearborn St., and (for mail) 7526 Kingston Ave.. Chicago. III. WATTERS, Peter J. (1921), Mgr., John Watters. 55 Church St., and (for mail) 52 Ann St., Port - Richmond. Staten Island, N. Y. WEAGER, T. A. (1920). Mgr. Cleveland Office (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co... Rockefeller Bldg.,. Cleveland, and 3124 Berkshire Rd.. Cleveland Heights. O. WEBB. John S. (1920). Pres, (for mail) Witley & Calhoun Co.. 46 Market St., and 45 Lincoln St... Woodfords. Portland. Me. * WEBER, Erwin L. (1921). Consulting Engr. (for mail) 723 Seaboard Bldg., and 304G 18th Ave.. S.. Seattle. Wash. WEBER. G. A. (1922). Engr.. McGinness, Smith & McGinness Co.. 527 1st Ave., and (for mail) 618 Chautauqua St.. Pittsburgh. Pa. WEBSTER, E. Kessler (1915), Secy, and Asst. Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co.. 17th and Federal Sts.. Camden, and 320 Washington Ave.. Haddonfield. N. J. WEBSTER, Warren (1906), Pres, and Gen. Mgr. (for mail) Warren Webster & Co., 17th and Federal Sts., Camden. N. J. - WEGMANN, Albert (1918), Blower and Vent. Engr.. A. & W. Wegmann, 2813 W. Fletcher St., and (for mail) 2842 N. BonsaU St., Philadelphia, Pa. WEIBERT, Chas. J. (1921). (for mail) Weibert & Zibold Corp., 331 Vanderbilt Ave., and 89 Lewis Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. WEIDER, Frederick J. (1919), Mgr. and Treas. Barr & Creelman Co.. 74 Exchange St., and 40 Kenwood Ave.. Rochester, N. Y. WEIMER, Fred G. (Associate 1919), Br. Mgr.. Kewanee Boiler Co., 440 Barclay St., and (for ' maill 1308 Stowell Ave., Milwaukee. Wis. - WEINSHANK, Theodore* (1906), (Board of Governors 1913), (for mail) weinshank & Fen- stermaker, 821 Hume-Mansur Bldg., and 2341 N. Delaware St.. Indianapolis, Ind. WEISS, Carl A. (Associate 1924), (for 'mail) Kornbradt Komice Ko.. 1811 Troost Ave., and 4920 Walroud, Kansas City, Mo. WELAMB. Victor N. (1918), Contr., V. N. Welamb Co., 2313 Walnut St./and 1741 North 33rd St., Philadelphia. Pa. WELKER, Arthur E. (1918), Price & Welker. 707 Canal Rd., Cleveland, and 1299 Hall Avei, Lake-' wood, O. - WELSH. Harry S.* (1906), Pres, and Mgr.. Boiler .& Radiator Corp. (for mail) 999 E. Main St., and 37 Flower City Park, Rochester, N. Y. 36 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 WELTER, Michael A. (Associate 1925), (for mail) WILEY, Chas S. (1921), Heat, and Vent. Engr., M. A. Welter & Co., 2118 Lyndale Ave., S., ana Eastman Kodak Co., Kodak Park, and 239 Mul 4306 Garfield Ave., S.. Minneapolis, Minn. berry St., Rochester, N. Y. WENDT, Edgar F. (1918), Vice-Pres. and Treas. WILEY, Edgar G. (1909). Consulting Engr., (for mail) Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, and Wiley & Wilson, Lynchburg; Va. 731 Lafayette Ave., Buffalo. N. Y. WILLARD, Arthur C.* (1914), Prof, of Heat, and WENDT, Henry W. (1917). Pres, (for mail) Vent, and Head of Dept; of Mech. Eng. (for Buffalo Forge Co., 490 Broadway, and. 120 mail) University of Illinois, and 1208 W. Cali Lincoln Parkway. Buffalo. N. Y. fornia Ave., Urbana. 111. WESCHLER. Geo. A. (1923). Prof, of Mech. WILLIAMS, Allen W. (Associate 1915), Secy., and Consulting Engr. (for mail) 820 Transporta National Warm Air Heat, and Vent. Assn.. 52 tion Bldg., and 1243 Monroe St., N.E., Washing W. Gay St.. Columbus. O. ton, D. C. WILLIAMS, Jesse M. (Associate 1925). Pres., and WEST, Perry* (1911). (Council 1920-1923; Treas. (for mail) Williams Radiator Co.. 1864 W. 1924-1925), Consulting Engr. (for mail) 13 Washington St., and 861 Harcourt Ave., Los Central Ave.. and 322 Park Ave., Newark. N. J. Angeles. Calif. WHEELER, Charles W. (1916). Br. Mgr. (for WILLIAMS, J. Walter (1915). Pres, and Treas., mail) C. A. Dunham Co.. 1104 May Bldg., and Forest City Plbg. Co.. 332 E. State St.. Ithaca, Allison Park. Pittsburgh. Pa. N. Y. . WHEELER, Otto J. (1923). Mgr. and Secy., WILLIAMSON, Arthur H. (Associate 1915), Samuel A. Esswein Heat. & Plbg. Co.. 96 W. Mgr.. American Radiator Co., Broadway and Broad St., and (for mail) 504 Linwood Ave., Columbus. O. Grand River Ave., Barium Bldg., and 1242 Glynn Court, Detroit, Mich. ' WHEELOCK, Harry C. (1919), 118 College St.. Burlington. Vt. WILLIAMSON. Fred W. (1914), Consulting Engr., 324 New York Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. WHELAN. William J. (1923), Harrigan & Reid. WILLIAMSON. George R. (1920), Sales Engr.. 1705 First St., Detroit. Mich. The Mouat Co., 1246 West 4th St., and (for WHELLER, Harry S. (1916). Vice-Pres., L. J. mail) 11016 St. Clair Ave., Cleveland, O. Wing Mfg. Co., 352 West 13th St., New York, WILLIS. F. H. (1921), Ch. Engr. (for mail) Wm. N. Y.. and (for mail) 230 Stiles St., Elizabeth, N.J. N. Bowerman Co.. 612 Insurance Bldg., and 1110 Jackson St.. Denver. Colo. WHITAKER, Earnest C. (1925). Engr., Buerkel WILLIS, Ralph P. (1923). Sales Engr. (for mail) & Co., Inc., 24 Union Park St.. Boston, and (for Peerless Unit Vent. Co.. Inc., 511 Duffy-Powers mail) 35 Sherborn St.. Arlington, Mass. Bldg., Rochester, and 227 Audubon Ave., New WHITBY. Stephen S. (Associate 1922). Treas., . York. N. Y. Culbert-Whitley Co.. 1503 Sansom St., Phila WILMOT, Charles S. (1919). Research Engr. and delphia, Pa., and (for mail) 208 Yale Rd., Audu Works, Mgr., Monitor Bi-Loop Radiator Co., bon. N. J. Harrisburg Ave., Lancaster. Pa., and (for mail) WHITT, Everett A. (1921), Mgr. Heat. Dept, (for Phoenixville, Pa. mail) Crane Co.. 30 South 16th St., and 4611 WILSON, Benjamin W. (1922), Heat, and Vent. Delor St.. St. Louts. Mo. * Engr., Ballinger Co.. S.E. Cor. 12th and Chest WHITE, Elwood S. (1921). Pres, and Treas. (for nut Sts., and (for mail) 5935 Windsor Ave.. mail) Thermal Appliance Co., Inc., 342 Madison Philadelphia, Pa. Ave., and 21 Washington Square, New York, WILSON, Charles H. (1920). Heat, and Vent. N. Y. Engr., Fuller & Warren Co., and (for mail) 468 WHITE, Harold A. (Associate 1923). Mulley & Pawling Ave., Troy, N. Y. White, 245 Greenpoint St.. New York, and (for WILSON, Ernest J. F. (1923), Consulting Engr.. mail) 852 Knickerbocker Ave., Brooklyn. N. Y. Wiley & Wilson. 908 National Bank Bldg.. WHITELEY, James (1919), Consulting Engr., Lynchburg. Va. Whiteley & Sanders. 3000 Grand River Ave., WILSON, Eugene K. (1919). (for mail) Wilson & and 520 Navahoe Ave., Detroit. Mich. Co... 1017 Duke St., and 12 Lafayette Blvd., ' WHITTEMORE, Edward H. (1920), Engr. (for Norfolk, Va. mail) Stone & Webster, 147 Milk St., Boston, and WILSON, Frederick A. (1910), (for mail) 20945 96 Church St., West Roxbury. Mass. 110th Ave., Bellaire. N. Y. WHITTEN, Herbert W * (Associate 1908; 1909). . Mech. Engr.. Chamberlin Meta! Weather Strip Co.. 1644 Lafavette Blvd., W., Detroit, Mich. WHITTEN. H. E. (1924). Pres, and Treas. (for mail) H. E. Whitten Co.. 9 Federal St., Boston, and 56 Highland Rd.. West Somerville, Mass. WHY, H. Berkeley (1919). Construction Engr. (for mail) 312 Earlham Terrace. Germantown. Pa. WIDDICOMBE, Robert A. (1903). 26 N. Jef ferson St., Chicago. III. . WIEGNER, Henry B. (1919). Mgr., Johnson Service Co.. 31 Waltham St.. Boston, and 77 Chester Rd., Belmont, Mass. WIGGS. Gordon L. (Junior 1924), Engr. (for mail) Mechanics Supply Co.. Ltd.. 80 St. Paul St., and 189 Grande Alles, Quebec. P. Q. WILCOX, Oscar H. (Associate 1917). Salesman, Ideal Furnace Co.. 530 Jefferson Ave., and (for mail) 2545 Canton Ave., Detroit. Mich. WILCOX, William (1916). Dist. Engr. (for mail) Whitlock Coil Pipe Co.. Rm. 511. 6 Beacon St.. WILSON, Harry A. (1903). Box 155, Washington, R. I. WILSON. Howard M. (Associate 1925). Br. Mgr. (for mail) Standard Heater Co.. 136 Federal St.. Boston, and 21 Seaver St.. Wellesley Hills. Mass. WILSON, J. J. (Charter Member). Consulting Engr.. 5514 Paschal! Ave.. Philadelphia. Pa. WILSON, William H. (Associate 1923). Mgr. Wis. Br. (for mail) Johnson Service Co., 149-159 Michigan St., and 431 Olive St., Milwaukee, Wis. WILSON, Wm. S. (Associate 1924), Mgr. Lands Dept, (for mail) Lake Superior Corp.. and 210' McGregor Ave.. Sault St.. Marie. Ontario. Can. .WINCH, Franklin R. (1925). Mech. Engr. (for mail) Walker & Eisen. 746 S. Spring St., and 5462 Carlin St..'Los Angeles. Calif. WINTERBOTTOM, John W. (1915). Vice-Pres. and Engr.. Lock Box 2045 Sta. A., Waterloo. Ia. WINTERBOTTOM, R. F. (Associate 1923). Mgr.. . Faultless Heater Mfg. Co., and (for mail) Box Boston, and 7 Biltmore St.. Jamaica Plain, Mass. WILD, Walter H. (Associate 1921). Mfgr. Agt. (for mail) 1212 Land Title Bldg.. Philadelphia, and 122 Cynwyd Rd.. Bala, Pa. WINTERER, Frank C. (1920). Heat. Dept, (for mail) Cochran-Sargent Co., Fifth and Sibley Sts., and 836 Juno St., St. Paul, Minn. WILDE, Ray S. M. (1916), Consulting Engr. (for WINTERER, Raymond J. (1919), Mgr., Heat. mail) 305 Huron Bldg.. Detroit, and 194 Con Dept.. Crane & Ordway Co., Fifth and Rosabel necticut Ave., Highland Park, Mich. Sts., and (for mall) 197 S. Fairview St., St. Paul, WILDER, Edward L. (1915). Mgr. Industrial Minn. ' Sales Dept, (for mail) Rochester Gas & Elec. WISE, Frank W. (Associate 1918), Sales Engr. (for Corp., 34 Clinton Ave.. N.. and 16 Ericsson St., mail) General Boilers Co.. 207 Davidson Bldg., Rochester, N. Y. and 2751 Charlotte. Kansas City,'Mo. 37 Roll of Membership WISE, Mason W. (1923). Mgr. (for mail) 215' Glenn Bldg., and R. F. D. No. 2. Atlanta, Ga. WOHLMAN, Anton C. (Associate 1923). Pres, (for mail) Metal Equipment Co., 2033 West 106th St., and 1257 Beach Ave., Cleveland, O. WOLF, J. C. (1923), Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Green- bush St., Milwaukee, Wis. . WOLFE, Roy .(1923). Vice-Pres, and Engr. (for mail) Huffman-Wolfe Co., 669 N. High St., and 150 Kenwotth Rd., Columbus, O. WOLFF, Richard A. (Junior 1915; 1919), Pres, (for mail) Wolff & Munier.. Inc., 405 Lexington Ave., New York, and Hewlett, L. I., N. Y. WOLFSFELD, Charles F. (1923), Ch. Draftsman, Bd. of Education. Brooklyn and (for mail) Vista Ave.. Bayside, L. I., N. Y. WOOLLEY, Thomas R. (1916), Sales Engr., Woolley Eng. Co. (for mail) 2457 Woodward Ave., and 920 Seward Ave., Detroit. Mich. WOOLSTON, A. H. (1919). Ch. Engr., Bowers Bros. & Co., 2015 Sansom St., and 4815 North 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa. WOOLSTON, C. Elmer (1924), Bowers Bros. & Co., 2015 Sansom St., Philadelphia, Pa. WORM, Amdi (Associate 1924). Factory Repr.. Flaxlinum Insulating Co.. 1425 Grand Ave., and (for mail) 2424 East 58th St., Kansas City, Mo. WORSHAM, Herman (Junior 1918; Associate 1925) Sales Engr. (for mail) Carrier Eng. Corp., 1144 Prudential Bldg., and 37 Manchester Place. Buffalo. N.-Y. . . WORTHING, E. (1923), Pres, (for mail) Bayley Mfg. Co., 732 Greenbush St., and 546 Prospect Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. - * WORTHINGTON, Thomas (1922). Heat. Engr., Kewanee Boiler Co., 141 Albany Ave., Toronto, Ont. ' WORTHINGTON, Thomas E. (Associate 1924), (for mail) Worthington Burner, 1322 McGee St., and 3920 East 19th St.. Kansas City, Mo. WRIGHT, Harris H. (1917), Mgr.. C. A. Dunham Co. (for mail) General Boilers Co., 207 Davidson Bldg., and 1214 E. Giilham Rd:, Kansas City, Mo. WRIGHT, K. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) Johnson Service Co.. 1113 Race St., and Westminster Apts., Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, O. . . WYLIE, Howard McWilliam (Junior 1917; 1925), - Vice-Pres. Charge of Sales (for- mail) The Nash Engineering Co., S. Norwalk,.Conn. ' -' Y - YAGER, John J. (1921), Pres, and Gen. Mgr., Goergen-Mackwith Co., Inc., 817 Sycamore St., and (for mail) 272 Carlton St.. Buffalo, N. Y. YAGLOU, Constantin P.* (1923), Instr. in Vent, and Illumination (for mail) Harvard University. Harvard School of Public Health, 55 Van Dyke St., Boston 17, and 213 Aspinwall Ave., Brook line, Mass. YAMASAKI, Kanjlro (Associate 1923). Heat. Epgr. (for mail) Takata & Co., .Marunouchi, Tokyo, Japan. , YARDLEY, Ralph W. (1920) Asst, Supt. of Constr., III. Penitentiary Commission, 717 Heggie Bldg.. Joliet, 111. YATES, Walter (1902), Managing Director, Mat thews & Yates, Ltd., Swinton, Manchester, Eng-- land. .. YOUNG, Robert L. (1915), Mech. Engr., Johns- Manville, Inc., 210 N. Broad St., and 522 N. 55th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Z ZECK, Alex. (1904), Pres., Alex. Zeck & Son Co.. Morgantown, W. Va. ZIEL, Herbert E. (1924). Albert Kahn, 1000 Marquette Bldg., Detroit, Mich. ZIMMER, George J. (1921), Engr. (for mail) Bryce Heat. & Vent. Co., 415 Spitzer Bldg., and 2221 Maplewood Ave., Toledo, O; ZIRHUT, George A. (Associate 1922), Onarga Plbg. & Heat. Co., P. O. Box 33, Onarga. 111. ZOKELT, C. G. (1921), Mgr. (for mail) Northwest Engr. Co., 414 Central Bldg., and 2355 16th Ave.. S., Seattle, Wash. ', ZOPATA, Edward L, (Associate 1924), Ch. Mech. Draftsman, University of Michigan, 1310 Granger Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. ZUEHLKE, Rudolph (1923), (for mail) Zuehlke- . Stoehr Heating Co., 1701 Clybourn St.. Mil waukee, and 579 15th Ave., Wauwatosa, Wis. \ 38 Summary of Membership ' (Corrected to July 1, 1925) UNITED^STATES Alabama.................................. .... ........... 4 California.... 23 Colorado______________ _____ 26 Connecticut.___TM1__________________ 20 Delaware................................................. 5 District of Columbia..... .............. 13 Florida......................... ........... ..........: 2 Georgia............. 15 Illinois........................ ,,TM.............. 216 Indiana................................................... 29 Iowa........... ................ 12 Kansas........................ 11 Kentucky......1;............. 3 Louisiana.:.................. .;........................ / 1 Maine..............-.............. ...........;_______ 4 Maryland......................... 20 Massachusetts... ........ 98 Michigan........ ..................................... 106 Minnesota............. 57 Mississippi.......................... 1................. 1 Missouri............................................ ; 109 Montana.......... .............................. 4 Nebraska_______________________ ___ 4 New Jersey__ _________________ 71 New York_____--....... --.........--.......... 353 North Carolina.......................... 5 North Dakota------------- 1 Ohio....;. ..........._TM.....:.................... 88 Oklahoma____TM;----------1------- --- 6 Oregon.:_____11_____ ____ _-- 2 Pennsylvania------- .---------------- ........ 268 Rhode Island.............................. --....... 7 Tennessee______ TM__ :................... --6 Texas..:....:...................................... -.........10 Utah...-......:_________ _______ ........:J~. 1 Vermont________:__________________ ' 4 Virginia:..-___________________ ...--. 16 Washington...- 22 West Virginia..TM......... ...............:-------- 6 Wisconsin_______________1--------------- 36 Wyoming............... 1 1686 FOREIGN COUNTRIES Canada.................................. ;..........64 China___________ Denmark._________;________________ England.TM......................... ..........:............ France...:..TM.__1:..TM........... Germany.TM.....!..:............. Ireland___:.................... ....................... :. Japan...................:......r........... .........'...... New Zealand ..... ........TM................ 4 l 20 3 1 1 5 1 Norway...... ......................................... 1 RussiaTM -..........1--......... 1 Sweden_____ ................................................. 1 Switzerland:..TM.'..................................... 1 Turkey...:^TM__--.................... :.........1 105 Total Membership.TM-............-........1791 SUMMARY OF MEMBERSHIP BY GRADES Honorary Members............................................................. 1 Presidential Members____________ ____ ______________ 19 Members...................................... !__________________ ___ 1402 Associate Members................................................1........... 288 Junior Members___ ______ _________ _;________________ 81 LIST OF MEMBERS (In good standing July, 1925) Arranged Geographically UNITED STATES ALABAMA ' Birmingham-- Bunnell, E. W. Festorazzi. A. O. Lichty,A. J. Lichty, C. P. CALIFORNIA Alhambra-- Stockly, H. A. Huntington Park-- Berg, A. H. Los Angeles--. Anderson. C. S. * Boschke. F. G. Hanes. J. W. E. Heibel, W. E. Hubbard, A. M. Jones, E. A. ' Kilpatrick. W. S. Larimer, G. B. Moler. W. H. Ott. O. W. Peticolas, L. D. lannenm. l,. vv. Williams. J. M. Winch, F. R. Oakland-- Cummings. G. J. Pasadena-- Gifford, R. L. San Francisco-- Duncan,.G. W., Jr.. Haley. H. S. Krueger, J. 1. Leland, W. E. COLORADO Boulder-- Erwin. J. P. Denver-- Adams, C. W. Bradbury. G. L. Brickey, J. P. Cuiiyford. F. >S. Daly. J. H. Deranleau, R. L. Elderman, B. E. - Fielding, H. H. Foley, W. J. ' Fuller. R. K. Gillespie, R. B. Larimer, W. M. Michael. L. A. Pfeiffer. J. F. Price, F. E. Purscll. H. E. Reuter, A. G. Steiner, J. G. Stoltenberg. T. R. Voigt. C. O. .Wallace, A. Wallace. J. F. Ward, O. G. Willis. F. H. Colorado Springs--' McCarthy. T. CONNECTICUT Bridgeport-- Clement, E. R. Hartford-- Libby. L. R. Purcell, A. J. New Britain-- Cadwell, W. H. New Haven-- Dibble. A. B. Donnelly, W. C. Hoyt, W. B. Lockwood, E. H. Waterbary-- Byrnes, T. F. Simpson. W. K. Winsted-- Griffin. P. C. Hutton. W. DELAWARE Wilmington-- Bulkeley, C. A. Gawthrop. F. H. Kershaw, M. G. Lownsbery, B. F. Schoenijahn. R. P. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington-- Bradbury; C. R. Coward. H. Dickinson. H. C. Febrey. E. J. Gardner. S. F. Goldstein, A. M. Munro, E. A. Stark, I. S. Stock. E. L.. . Thomas. G. Thompson, N. S. Tripp, L. H. Weschler. G. A. \ FLORIDA New London-- Forsberg. W. Hopson. W. Jacksonville--' Gray. W. E. Norton Heights-- Ashley, E. E., Jr. .' Tampa-- Smith. V. A. S. Norwalk-- Harvey, A. D. Jennings. I. C. Wylie. H. M. W. Springdale-- Broderick, J. F. Stamford-- Blackman, A. 0. GEORGIA Atlanta-- Alger, R. W. Baker, I. C. Beggs, D. T. Carder, W. W. Guest. P. L. 40 Kent, L. F. Klein, E. W. Market. F. E. Pottinger. C. T. Rhodes. S. V. Wise. M. W. Columbus-- Denson. W. Dexter. MacD. Hartpence, C. C. Decatur-- Kirby. W. C. ILLINOIS Bloomington-- Howell. L. Soper, H. A. . Belleville-- Karr, T., Jr. Champaign-- Brownell, C. D. Chicago-- Ahlff. A. A. Allan, C. D. Allen. H. D. Amstein. A. W. Arenberg. M. K. Armspach, O. W. Atkinson, R. E. . Baker. E. V. Barrows. C. E. - Benoit, W. E. Birkholz. H. E. . Black, F. C. Bloom, S. C. Bolling, J. E. ' Boswin, G. A. Boylston, A. W. Boylston, J. Braun, L. T. Burger, J. C. JBurns, W. A. ' ^Carnahan, G. C." J Cartland, S. . Casey,. B.L. . Casserly; T. D. Chenoweth. W. H., Jr. Cheyney, C.' C. ' Claffey, E. J. Crawford. W. B. Crone, C. E. ' Cutler, J. A. Cutter, E. H. ! f American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Davis. J. -H. Deland. C. W. . Dewar, J. G. Doherty, J. Douglass. T. C. Dunham, C. A. Ebin, L. ' Emmert, L. D. - Evans, R. S. Finan, J. J.. Sr. Fleming, J. P. Furman, J. R. Gardner, W., Jr. Gaylord. F. H. Gemeny, W. J. Getschow. G. M. Getschow. R. M. Gilmore, R. E. Good. M. S. Gordon, E. G. Gossett. E. J. Graves, W. B. Grebe. H. W. Gross, R. A. Gustafson, T. E. Haas, S. L. Haines. J. J. Hansen, J. Harbula, M. G. Harrison, B. S. Hart. H. M. Hayes, J. J. Hayward, R. B. Heck, G. L,, Jr. Heckel, E. P. Henrich, G. A. Herlihy, G. F. Herlihy, J. J. Hill. E. V. Hoier. W. V. Hoover, H. E. Hornung, J. C. Howatt, J. Hubbard. G. W; Jackson. C. j. Jenson, J. S. Johnson, C. W. JoUiffe. A. H. Jones, D. J. Jones. E. F. Kaiser. H. S. Keeney. F. P; * j Kehm, A. v> ' Kellogg, C. V. Kimbrough, H. C. Kirk, G. H. Kohlbry, E. G. Kreissl, H. G. Kroeger, A. Lagodzinski. H. J. Lamb, F. W. Lang, L. P. Larson. J. M. Larson, W. C. Lautenschlager, F. Lees. H. K. Lenone. J. M. Lewis. S. R. Lippe, E. V. Lippman. O. S. Luce, G. D.. Jr. McCauley. J. H.. Jr. McClellan. J. E. McConner. C. R. McDonnell. E. N. McEvoy. W. J. McFarland, W. P. McGregor, G. H. McLelland, H. B. Martin, A. B. Matchett.-J. C. Mathis, E. Mathis, H. Mathis. J. W. Mathy. J., Jr. Matzen. H. B. Mehring, G. Mertz, W. A. Miller, F. A. Miller. J. E. Milliken, J. H. Monaghan, T. H. Montgomery, W. R. Moran, F. E. Murch. G. E. Muth, H. Nacey, H. M. Narowetz, L. L., Jr. Neiter. S. G. Newport. C. F. Nilson, A. Nulsen, C. A. O'Brien, J. H. Olsen. C. F. Orr. F. B. Pask, R. J. Pitcher. L. J. Pope, S. A. Pope, W. A. Powers. F. W. Richardson, A. H. Rietz, E. W. Rogers, C. W. Rollins, F. D. Rosenbach, R. G. Ryan, H. B. Scheidecker. D. B. Seltzer. A. P. Sheriffs. W. A. * Shultz, E. Simonsen. L. A. . Small. J. D. Soper. I. N. . Spielman. G. P. Sprague, F. H. Stannard. J. M. Stedman. C. N. Stevens, F. H. Stockenberg. R. Storm. E. S. Sutcliffe, A. G. Thinn, C. A. Thomas, R. H. Toenniges. G. C. Tomlinson, M. C. W. Truitt. J. E. Tweed. C.- F. Valentine. H. D. Walsh, A. F. Walters, V. Walters. W. T. Walther. V. H. Watkins, J. A. Widdicombe. R. A. Decatur-- Shorb, W. A. EdwardsvIUe-- Blackroore. F. H. Evanston-- Chubb. J. E. Cuyler, D. H. Mauer. W. J. Thomas, H. G. Granite City-- Bergner. W. G. . Hinsdale-- . Van Inwagen/F. Hubbard Woods-- Frank, J. M. . Joliet-- Menk. R. W. Yardley. R. W. Kewanee-- Baker. E. E. Bronson. C. E. Dickson, R. B. LaGrange-- Eaton, B. K. Ellis, W. C. Linn. H. R. Moline-- Nelson, H. W. Nordine. L. F. Otis, G. E. Tyler. F. T. . Oak Park-- Blanding, G. H. ' Chatterdon. B. W. March, R. C. May, E. A. Muir. G. A. Uhlhorn, W. J. Olney-- French. B. P. Onarga-- Zirhut, G. A. Peoria-- Robb. J. M. Urbana-- Day. V. S. Kratz. A. P. Willard. A. C. Waukegan-- Reynolds. H. M. Skinner, H. W. Winnetka-- Ellis, E. E. INDIANA Elkhart-- Shreiner. D. C. , Hammond-- Crannell, C. A. Indianapolis-- Ammerman. C. R. Cones, Benj. Fenstermaker, S. E. Hagedon, C. H. Hayes, J. G. LaFollette, B. F. Perham. S. H. Repp. H. L. Rotz. J. M. Shipp. C. C. Sproull. H. El . Stitt. H. B. Voorhees, G. A. Warren, C. N. Weinshank, T. Lafayette-- Hoffman, J. D. Noland. R. W. Orth, J. W. 41 La Porte-- Shrock, J. H. Michigan City-- Stockwell, W. R. Muncie-- Hutzel. M. H. Hutzel. V. C. Peru-- Pyle, J. W. Thrush. H. A. Terre Haute-- Prox. R. F. Washington-- Mewshaw, J. P. Myers, D. R. IOWA Ackley-- Nelson, G. O. Cedar Rapids-- Motejl, J. A. ClintonBrown, W. H. Des Moines-- Gunton, W. Dubuque-- Molo, H. E. Fort Madison-- Theisen, E. F. Le Mars-- Mathey. N. J. Sioux City-- Orr. M. J. Waterloo-- Bartley, J. S., Jr. Irwin. C. W. Winterbottom. J. W. Winterbottom, R. F. KANSAS Emporia-- Burnap, C. W. Hill,' C. H. Hutchinson-- Barnes, A. R. Hertz, H. P. Stevens, H. L. Independence-- Sellers, F. J. Llndsborg-- Holmberg, J. A. Manhatten--. Hull, B. R. . Wichita-- Buckley, R. B. Cloud: O. E. O'Connor, J. M. Roll of Membership KENTUCKY Belmont-- Newcomb, R. Louisville-- ' Lewis, J. C. Lissauer. A. W. Murphy, H. C. LOUISIANA New Orleans-- Todd, J. M. MAINE Portland-- Fels.-A. B. Merrill, C. J. Webb. J. S. Woodfords-- Haskell, B. E. Boston-- Abboud, A. . Andrews, B. R. Bartlett, A. C. Barton, R. E. Boardman, W. E. Bostwick, C. G. Boyden, D. S. Brinton, J. W. Brooks, T. C. Bryant, Dr. A. G. Carey, J. J. Cooper, F. I. Davidson, P. L. Densmore, E. D. Drinker, P. Duquet, A. M. Dusossoit, E, A. Ehrenzeller, A. Foulds, P. A. L. Franklin, R. S. Gleason, G. H.. Gilmore, F. P. Goodrich, C. F. Herrick, D. A. Hosterman, C. C. Hubbard, A. MARYLAND Baltimore-- Adams, H. Berger, C. D. Collier, W. I. Dorsey, F. C. . Eisert, H. ' Groscup, W. F. Huether, C. G, L. Kries. H. A. Leilich, R. L. . McCrea, L. W. Moore, D. S. Munroe, E. K. . Posey, J. Reeder, C. L. . Vance, L. G. . :.;j Wachter, J. A. :: Chevy Chase-- : ` Cooley, M. S. Howard County-- Tibbets. J. C. Linthicum Heights-- Roger, G. H. . Rockville-- . Brunett. A. L. Kelley, J. J. Kellogg. A. Kenneaily, V. J. Kimball, C. W. Kirmes, E. W. McCoy. T. F. McKenna. Wm. N. McLean. I. D. Matthews, C. R. Miller. M. P. Mower, W. P. Myrick, J. W.H. Osborne. M. M. Preble, J. J. Shaw, E. Shaw, R. E. Smaliman. W. T. Stearns, W. F. . Stetson. L. R. Stone, E.R, Tilden, E. E. Tuttle. J. F. UnderhiU, W. W. Whittemore, E. H. . Whitten, H. E. Wiegner, H. B. Wilcox, Wm. Wilson, H. M. Yaglou, C. P. Cambridger- Baker, R. H. ' - Cox, C. J. Flint, C: T. Heath, F. R. Klonower, A. A. Norton, Prof. A. E. MASSACHUSETTS Dorchester-- 1 ` Plunkett, J. Hi . Shaw, N. J! H. Arlington-- Connell. H. E. Higgins, j: M. Whitaker, E. C. Auburndale-- Mason, O. A. Everett-- McMurrer, L. J. Fitchburg-- Karlson, A. F. Framingham-- Scott, A..P. Hyde Park-- Ellis. F. R. Scheibel.A. H. Lowell-- Foisy. G. A. Jenkins, H. E. Lynn-- ` Feehan, J. B. Morgan,-F. H. Pool. S. H. Reardon, J. A. . Medford-- Dane. I. S. Suits. G. A. Melrose-- . Pierce, C. F., Jr. Smaliman, E. W. Milton-- Mitchell, C. H. Newtonvilie-- Jones, W. T. Pittsfield-- ` Robbins, L. G. Reading-- Florence, W. E., Jr. Wellesley Hill-- Gilling, W. F., Jr. West Newton-- Place. H. R. Cousens, W. S. West Roxbury-- Roberts, W. L. West Somerville-- Swaney, C. R. Weymouth-- Clough. L. Woburn-- Parker. P. Wollaston--- Hodgdon, H. A. MICHIGAN Ann Arbor--` . Backus, T. H. L. Brender, P. E. Cuthbert, I. N. Emswiier, Prof. J. E. Giguere, G. H. .. Hutzel, A. F. Zopata, E. L. Detroit-- . Addy, R. . . Baier, W. P, '' Barth, H. E. Bishop, F. R. Boales, W. G.. , Brown, E. R. ' Calvert, N. W. . . Clark, E. H. " *' ` Cockburn, L. S. 42 Collamore. R.. Connell, R. F. Coon, T. E. Dauch, E. O. Davis. L. J. . Decker, E. M;t Degan, J. E. . Donahue, E. S. Dubry, E. Dwyer. J. V. Emerick. S. H. Fuller. J, L. Goss, M. H. Graeff, R. J. Hamlin, H. A. Harms. W. T. Hamgan, E. M. Harris, E. E. . Heydon, C. G. Hill, N. J. Hillman, R. W. Hogan, E. L. Hubbard, N. B. Johnson, F. W. Johnston, W. B. Killian. M. A. Knight. A. B. Lance, J. Linhard, H. V. Little. C. W. Little. E. R. Locker, C, W. Lovelace, J. A, McCoIl, J. R. Mclntire. J. F. McLean, D. McNair, E. E. Meyer, J. W., Jr. Miller. J. F. G. Morgan. C. S. Morse, C. T. Murphy, J. R. Paetz, H. E. Parrott, L. G. Partlan, J. W. Peckham. R. R. Peterson, H. K. Petherick, D. H. Pittelkow, A. G. Purcell. R. E. Roney, T. G. Rowe, W. A. Russell, W. A. Saulson, S. ' Schildmiller, G. H. Shuell. F. W. ' Skagerberg, R. . Smith, L. L. Snell, E. Snyder. J. W. . Soderberg, C. H. Spitzley, R. L. . . Spurgeon, J. H.. Vaile. R, . Verner, W. F. . Walker. J; H. :: Wallich, A; C. ` Walton, H.-L. Whelan, W. J. Whitten.-H;rW, ' Wilcox, O. H. Wilde. R. S. M. White!ey,.J. - Williamson, A. H. Wooley, T. R. Ziel. H. E. - . Dowagiac-- . Firestone, J. F. Wagnerv j.,P. Grand Rapids-- Carroll. W. J. Miller. H. N. Pearson; H; D, . American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Highland Park-- Foster, W. M, Holland-- Cherven, V. W. Kalamazoo-- Blaney, C. A. Kersjes, W. Monroe. L, O. Lansing--- Distel, F,, Jr. Muskegon-- . Johnson. P. H. Saginaw-- Swartwout, J. D. Standish-- Burr, R. J. ' MINNESOTA Duluth-- Foster, C. Page, S. H. ' Minneapolis-- Blair, W. B. Brown, F. C. Brown, J. H. Burns, E. J. Burritt, C. G, Challman, S. A. Chalmers. C. H. Conner, M. " .Cowles, B. E.' Cummins, G. H. Elliott, A. D. Fitts, C. D. Forfar, D. M. Gerrish, H. E. Gordon, E. B., Jr. Hanson, L. C. Harris, J. B. Hasey, C. E. Hildebrandt, H. A. Huch. A. J. Jaynes, E, L. Jones, D. C. Lamson. F. S. . Lewis. E. B,. Martenis, J. V. Meyer, H. J. Morgan, G. C. Munson, M. G. Porter, R. L. Probst, A. H. . Ridler, H. C. Rowley, F. B. Sanford, A. L. . Sperzel, H. J. . Tangeman, B. W. uni, w. r. Welter, M. A. Owatonna-- . Clarkson, W..B, St. Paul-- Adams, N. D. - Bredeson, C. R. Buenger, A. Cochran. M. M. Gausman, C. E. Heagler, j. M. - Jones, E.'F. Otto. R. W. Rockart, E. R. Rollins. L. M. Ruff. D. C. Stewart, E. A. Wagner, A. M. Winterer. F. C. Winterer, R. J. Winona-- Olsen, A. J.. MISSISSIPPI Jackson-- . Peters, H. G. MISSOURI Independence-- Kansas City-- Arthur, J. M,, Jr. ' - Bidweti. R- E. Blodgett, W. H. Burton, C. A. Caleb, D. Campbell, E..K, Carr, C. H. Clegg. Carl Cline, E. A Cox. W. F. Dodds, F. F. . Downes, N. W. Dunlap, R. L. Ellis. J, E. Fehlig, J. B. Fiske, T. D. Gillhara, W. E. . Gorton, G. H. Graham, E.' H. Griffin, F. A., Jr, Hauser, M. Hayes, P. M. . Henrici, H. C. Hitchcock, F. P, Johnson. R. B. Joyce, W. P. Kitchen, F. A. Kitchen, J. H. McDonald. J. C. McIntyre, W. N, Millis, L. W. Natkio, B. ' Naylor, B. C. Nottberg. H. J, Painter, D. H. Parks, V. H.. Pease, J. G.` Penanger, L. C. Pines, S. . Sheppard, F. A. Stephenson, L. A. Stewart. R. G. Waddington, E. C. Walsh. J. G. Weiss, C. A. Wise. F. W. Worm, A; Worthington.'T. E. Wright, H. H. EJrkwood-- McMorran, F. J. Liberty-- Dudfield. A. Springfield-- Cooper, H. St. Louis-- Baetz, H. Bayse, H. V. Bowers, J. S. 1 Bradley, E. P. Bradley, J. T. Breitenbach, W. J. Buder, C. G. Cook, C. D. Cooper, J. W. . Croft. T. De Nellie, J. L. Edwards, D. F.. Eichler, A. . Falvey, J. D. Forgan, D, M. Foster, J. M. Gale. T. J. C. Gallaher, J. E. Graves, R. E. . Griffin, J. J. Haller. A. L. Hallett, E. S. Halley, W. H. Hammer, H. M. Harris, H. W. Hester, T. J. Humphreys, A. E. Reiser. W. Kinealy, J. H. Klein, W. A. Lane, A. M. Langenberg, E. B. Legier, E. W. Lohman, W. J. Milward, R. K. Moon, L. W. Moritz, C. J. Mueller. B. H. Nader, J. H. Niestrath. W. H. Pickett, C. A. niipntin K. H. Sachleben, E. H. Stammer, E. L. Thomsen, W, T. ' Waiters, A. L. White, E. A. Sedalla-- Suter, G. MONTANA Billings-- Cohagen, C. C. Tooker, C. C. .Bozeman-- Powers, F. I. Helena-- Bain, J. G. 43 NEBRASKA Hastings-- Gedney, K. H. Omaha-- . McCullcy, D. E. Merwin, G. E. Shea. M, B. NEW JERSEY Arlington-- Krueger, W. E. Atlantic City-- Nesbitt, A. J. . Nesbitt, J. J. Strouse, S. B. Audubon-- Whitby. S. S. Bloomfield-- . Taylor, T. S. Bogota-- Heebner, W. M. Camden-- ' Eveleth, C. F. Kappei, G. W. A. Lind. C. C. Strandwitz, W. J. Webster. E. K. Webster, W. doster-- . Atkinson, H. G. . East Orange-- Crone, T. E. . Merkel, F. P. Schroth, A. H. Turno. W. G. W. Elizabeth-- CornwaU, G.'T. Pearce, C. E. Wheiler, H. S. Essex Fells-- r Stacey, A. E,, Jr. Gloucester-- Schrader, C. C. Haddonfield-- Braemer,.W. G, R. Dobbs, C. E. Hasbrouck Heights Goodwin, S. L. Hilton-- HeUes, F. C. Jersey City-- . Butler. P. D. Calahan. J. J. Jones, H. L. Ritchie, W. Walterthum, J. J, Jobstown-- Allinson, O. H. Kearney-- Vogelbach, O. Lyndhurst-- Ehrlich. M. W. Maplewood--' Cadmus. R. Smith. M. S. MerchantvlUe-- Binder, C. G. Newark-- Bailey. J. H. Bartlett, C. D. Beatty, D. J. Bentz. H. Carrier, W. H. Duncan, J. R. Janet, H. L. Kieb. A. A. Lewis, L. L. Lindeman, H. . IIUUIC. IV1. Soule, L. C. . West. P. North Bergen-- . Reichwald, C.W. Orange-- Hochuli. H. W. Terry, F. W. Passaic-- Hankin, R. Morris, C. R. Paterson-- Plainfield-- MacDougall, B. W. Tobin, G. J. Ridgefield-- Davis, A. C. Riverton-- Brunt, T. B. Nesdahl, E. . Short Hills-- Fouilhoux. J. A. Trenton-- _ Black. J. J. A. Piper, A. Piper, E. R. W: Russell. W. E. Union City-- Taverna, F. F. Thuem, A. E. Wenonah-- Terrell, H. A. NEW YORK Albany-- Hynes, L. P. . Murray, T. F. Naden, L. J. Ryan, H. J. Taggart, R. G: Roll of Membership Amsterdam-- Dwyer, F. A. Bronxviile-- Barr. G. W. Thornton, R. T. Wadtey, C. P. Wendt, E. F. Wendt, H. W. Worsham. H. Yager, J. J. Brooklyn-- Atwater, L. W. Bender. C. P. Blest. F. S. Crutchley, E,, Jr. Dailey, J. A. Dwyer, T. F. Emery,-W. D. Gardner. B. F. Gornston, M. H. Grotz. A. B. Hanley, J. H.,.Jr. Hinchman. E. G. Kiewitz, C. McCann, F. G. McCloskey, J. Mandeville, E. W. Moss, E. Musaus, J.. Jr. Phillips. F. W.. Jr. Robertson, G. A. Ruppert, E. H. Scollay, U. G. Seward. P. H. Shay, R. A. Siegel, L. Snyder. C. B. J. Tisnower, W. Upington, G. P. Vivarttas. E. A. Weibert. C. J. White. H. A. Wilson. F. A. (Bellaire. L. I.) Williamson, F. W. Buffalo-- Booth. C. A. Bresnahan. J. J. Case, E. W. Cherry, L. A. Criqui. A- A. Danforth, N. L. Dempsey. H. P. Dillman. E. J. Drake. G. H. Dyer. O. K. Eddy. E. J. Eggleston, L. W. Evans, C. A. Farnharo, R. Farrar, C. W. FUnk. C. H. Frank, O. E. Frank, G. W. Fraser, W. G. Gibbs. H. E. Harding. L. A. Hedley. P. S. Howell, F.' B. Hutzel, H. F. Jackson, M. S. Kamman, A. R. Landers, J. J. Laperle, L. G. Love. C. H. . Monin. E. H. Mosher, C. H. - Padginton, G. Quigley, W. J. Reinhard, E. L. Riley. D. H. Rooney. M. A. Ruckel. J. B. Scheer, F. W. Schoepflin, P. H. Snyder. J. S. Thomas, B. A. . ' Dunkirk-- Sawade, C. A. . Eastwood-- LongweU. H. E. * Elmira-- Davenport, E. A. Davis, B. C. Frutchy. A.'E. McGlenn, G. R. Freeport-- Ellison, J. H. Geneva-- Herendeen, F. W. Glens Falls-- Robinson. A. G. Harrison-- Schluter, H. Hempstead-- Hinkle. E. C. Herkimer-- ' Ertman, B. R. Irvington-on-Hudson- Angell. W. T. Bastedo. A. E. Kittle, F. C. Ithaca-- Sawdon. W. M. Williams, J. W. Kingston-- Meyer, J. S. Larchmont-- Gaylor, W. S. Lockport-- Bishop, C. R. Middletown-- Sanborn, S. H. Morton-- .'N Stangland. B. F. Mt. Vernon-- Hunt, R. B. Obert. C..W. New Rochelle-- Vose. R. H. New York City-- Abrams, A' Addams. H. Adler, A. A. Ailing, H. W. Almirall, J. A. Atniral. J. H. Angus,' R. A. Armagnac. A. S. Bachler, L. J. 44 Bailey. W. C. Barapton, C. M. (Hollis. L. 1.) Barwick, T. Baum, A. L. Beebe, F. E. W. Bennitt, G. E. Berman, L. K. ` Binder. I. Birch. H. A. Blackmore. J. J. BUzard, J. Bloom, W. Bolton, R. P. Booth. H. N. Brassington, A. F. . Browne. A, L. Brunner, H. Buensod. A. C. Callahan, M. J. (L. I. City) Carpenter, R. H. Carty, T. Cary. A. A. Chadeayne.'G. D. Chapman. F. T. Chase, J. M. Clark. W. D. (Richmond Hill, L. I.) Cosgrove, W. M. Cullen, H. J. - (Jamaica, L. I.) Currier, C. H. Dailey, J. F. Darts. J. A. Davis. P. L. (Jamaica, L. I.) Dill. H. O. Dillon. H. R. - Doherty, J. A. Donnelly, J. A. Donnelly, R. Donoghue, J. J. Dornheim. G. A. (L. I. City) Driscoll, W. H. l^Ull, R.. . Durand, W. L. Eadie, J. G. Easterbrooks. C. C. Edelston, S. H. Emerson, R. R. Engle. A. Engle. H. J. . Evans. W. A. Fay. F. C. Feldman, A. M. Fiedler. H. W. Fink, R. Fitz. G. L. . Fleisher, W. L. Fletcher, S. W. Fogg. O. H. Forgee, F. A. Friedman. A. ' Fuller. C. A. Glore. E. F. Goldberg. H. M. Goldschmidt, O. E. Gombers, H. B. Goodnow. W. F. Green, C. E. Grill, G. E. Hanson, H. A. Heatherton, J. M. Hedges. H. B. Hoffman, C. S. Hoffman, G. D. Hook. M. G. Houghten, F. C. Hubert, J. W. Hunter. W. S. Hyman, W. M. Innis, H. R. ' Issertell, H. G. ofAmerican Society andHeating Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Jacobus, Dr. D. S. Spofford. H. H. R. Tomklnsville-- Jalien, J. J. Johnson, E. B. Spooner, H. R. (Hollis, L. I.) Heap. W. E. (W. New Brighton, S. I.) Staples, W. H. Steel. L. H. Troy- Johnston, W. H. (Pelham Manor) Brown, S. J. Junkers. H. ' Steinke, G. B. Wilson, C. H. , Kahn, H. P. Stern, H. R. Keasbey, A. P. Keenan, P, F. Kellogg. T. M. Keyes. R. E. Kiewitz, A. A. (L. I. City) Kimball, D. D. Kirk, L. G. Klauss, L. J. (Fanningdale, L. I.) Knapp, A. F.- Knowles, A. F. Koithan. W. S. Still. F. R. Sullivan, D. A. Sweeney, S. H. Tallmadge, W. Tazelaar, P. Timmis, P. Timmis, W. S. Timmis. W. W. (Jamaica, L. I.) Timmis, W. S. Titzell, J. E. Utica-- Baxter, R. A. Brandeles. H. J. Cantwell, W. T. Harajy, P. W. Hoffman. C. F. Hughes. W. C. Norris, E. ' Norris, J. K. Phegley. F. G. Schneider, P. W. Steinhorst, T. F. Lawrence, C. E. 1 uscil, w. LeBeau, J. F. . Van Norden. E. M. West Point-- LeCompte. W. G. London, h Lucke, C. E. McKiever. W. H. Walker, W. K. Wallace, G. J. Walsh. M. Watters, P. J. Bryant, P. J. ' White Plains-- McMahon. W. W. McMillan, L. B. Macon, W. W. Maier, G. M. Marshall. H. H. Martin, G. W. (Port Richmond, S. I.) White. E. S. Wolff. R. A. * Wolfsfeld, C. F. (Bayside, L. I.) Callahan, T. H. Yonkers-- Greason, D. R. Kelly. J. G. Matthiessen, H. G. F. Medway, F. J: N. Tonawanda-- Rainger, W. F. Merritt, J. H. Meyer, H. C., Jr.^ Miller, C. A. Miller, E. A. Kline, W. J. Ogdensburg-- NORTH CAROLINA Miller. R. B. Skelly. J. F. Munder. J. F.. Jr. Munier, L. L. Musselman, J. F. Nichols, G. B. Oswego-- Lockett. J. W. Charlotte-- Christian, C. W. Hackney. H. Nicol, N. C. Norton. F. W. Oaks. O. O. O'Donnell, T. J. Offner, A. J. Ohmes, A. K. Olvany, W. J. Port Chester-- Donovan. J. E. Pratt, E. D. Po ughkeepsie-- Greensboro-- MacKenzie. B. Raleigh-- Templin, C. L. Oswald, \V. L. Parkhill. D. Parter, S. C. Patorno.S. A. S. Doherty. J. J. Hawley, E. F. Winston-Salem-- Bahnson, F. F. Peabody, E. H. Rochester-- Peacock. J. K. Petersen, G. Pfuhler, J. L. (W. New Brighton, S. I.) Pieron, A. Pinder, P. H. Place. C. R. . Pryor. R. W., Jr. Purinton. D. J. Quirk, C. H. Raisler, S. Reed. J. F. Reynolds. T. W. Riblet, W. H. Richardson, D. R. Aronwits. W. Beecher; P. M. Coe, I. B. ' Coe. R. T. Devendorf. W. F. DeWolf. R. D. Dobson, G. G. Roebuck. W.. Jr. Steim, C. J., Jr. Taylor. F. K. Weider. F. J. Welsh, H. S. Wilder. E. L. Wiley. C. S. Willis. R. P. Riley. C. L. Ritchie. E. J. Scarsdale-- NORTH DAKOTA Fargo-- Kurke. W. F. OHIO Akron-- , Humphrey, D. E. Stanford. L. E. Thatcher, G. S. Ritter. A. Rodman, R. W. Janes, A. Cincinnati-- Ross, J. 0, Rudio. H. M. Schenectady-- Allen. L. E. Blomfeldt, A. A. Russell, W. A. " Schmidt, G. G. . Harbison, E. J. Bostain. J. C. Doyle, W. J. Schneider, C. - . Scott. C. E. . Syracuse-- ` Green, W. C. Grier, W. Scott, E. A. Acheson, A. R. Kiefer, C. J. Scott, G. M. Bradley. R. H. Schlemmer, 0. H. Sellman, N. T. Dennis, C. K. Stanwood. J. B. Siegel. J. F. Driggs, L. L. Wright, K. Adrianse, P. R. . Anderson, E. L. Beyer, J. E. Bray, D. S. Bridges. F. G. Brueggeman. A. R. Clark. H. J. Clark, W. C. M. Colby. C. W. Daugherty, F. M. Davis, R- G. Deex. C. J. Empkey. G. J. Farley. J. W. Friday. L. M. Gottwald, C. Graham. W. D. Greene. W. C. Harrison, J. M. Hautz. E. H. - Kinner, J. E. Kissick, J. J. Klie, W. Leonhard. F. Mason, J. J. Mayer, R. S. Mouat. T. G. Nobis, H. M. Osmon, T. R. Pierce, F. J. Quay. D. M. Rather, M. F. Stackhouse. R. M. Starks, V. E. Szekely, E. Van Sickle, W. B. Warnke, F. E. Weager, T. A. Welker, A. E. Williamson, G. R. Wohlman, A. C. Cleveland Heights-- Heinle, E. L. Neitzel, C. W. Columbus-- Babbitt, E. C. Babbitt, E. F. Brown. A. I. Mackensen, W. H. Richards, F. A. Wheeler. O. J. Williams, A. W. Wolfe. R. Dayton-- Brusraan, H. M. Gibbons, M. J.,-'Jr. Haas. W. Hoersting, F. J. Mead, W. R. Lakewood-- Chapman. D. W. Kammerer, W. C. Maurer, E. D. Lorain-- Butter, T. F. Lane. E. K. Mansfield-- Tail. G. M. Painesvl lie-- Hobbs. J. C. 45 Roll of Membership Ravenna-- - Franzheim, G. W. Toledo--Baker, H. C. Boeddner, G. Bryce, S. D. Gibbs. F. C. Holmes, J. Mullen, F. J. Rogers. A. C. Zimmer, G. J. Warren-- Lyman, W. I. Moulder, A. W. Youngstown-- Choffin, C. C. OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City--; Butler, C. Dolan, R. G. Hunt, P. M. Loeffler. F. X. Rae. T. W. Tulsa-- ' Jones, E. OREGON La Grande-- Anderson, S. A., Jr. Portland-- McPherson, C. J. PENNSYLVANIA Alleghany County-- Blackmore, G. C. Allentown-- Buel, H. G. Hersh, E. E; Hersh, Gi W. Kom,.C, B. . .' Ardmore-- .. Haynes, C. V. ' Beaver Falls-- Van Alen, W. T. Bridgeport-- Longenecker, H. J. Chambersburg-- Mehaffey. W. C. Chester--- ' Boyd. W. R; Cannonsburg-- Edwards, C. H. Drexel Hill--Del. Co. Jones, L. T. Erie-- Gannon, J. E. Fullerton--. Brooks, H. W. Germantown-- Huckel, F., Jr. Reeves, C. G.* ' Glenside-- Davis, B. H. . Harrisburg-- Eicher, H. C. Filson, F. E. Geiger, I. H. Koehler, G. T. Kressly, M. E., Indiana-- Lumsden, E. R. Johnstown-- Rinkenberger, G. Kirklyn, Del. Co -- Long, J. A. Lancaster-- Grossman, H. M. Holbrook, F. M. Huzzard, E. C. Vaux, F. J. Lansdale--Mott. A. C., Jr. McKeesport-- Dugan, T. M. Mt. Airy-- Gomersall, W. H. New Castle--' McEllroy, G. S. Norristown-- Frost, R. V. Gormly, J. Gormly, P. Oil City-- : Heagerty, W. H. Philadelphia-- Adams. B. . Anderson; C:; A. Arnold, R. S.-' Bachler, H. C. Bailey, E. G. Bateman, W. H., Jr. Beahra. R. B,, 2nd Black. E. N. Black, H. G. , Bogaty, H. S. " : Bolsinger, R. C. Boon, G. - Bornemann, W; A. Boyd, D. K. Breen, J. W. Buck, M. S. Burt, J. E. Cadzow, W. S. 1 Carstens, E. ' Cassell, J. D. Cavileer, J. V. Clarkson, R. C., Jr. Cooper, T. W. . Culbert. W. G. Dambly. A. E. Dome, W. R. Doud. M. P. Doyle, C. J. Dunlap, W. G. Eagan, G. A. Eckardt, C. A. T. Edgar, A. C. Eggly, H. J., Jr. Feige, H. W. Feltwell, R. H. Fest, L. T. Fitz, J. C. Fleming, T. C. Francis, I. H. ` Francis. W. C. Gailigan, A. B. Galligan, J. H. - ' . Gant, H. P. Gibson, J. H. Gilbert, M. F. Giles. E. H. Gillett, M. C. Glassey, J. W. Gretzinger, F. . Grumbein, I. F. Hackett, C. P. Hackett, H. B. Hale. J. F. Hellerman. H. H. Hering, J. B. Hess. H. L. Hetherington, E. T. Hibbs. F. C. Hoben, R. J. Hoft; P. j. Holloway, R. B. Homann, F. A. Hoplrin, W. E. Hopwood. A. M. Hucker, J. H. Hurley. J. C. Hutchison, J. E. Ickeringill, J. Iddles, A. Jellett, S. A. John, B. F. . . Jones, I. R. Jones, R. C. Jones, R. E. Jones, W. R\ Kauffman, R. . ; ^. . Kauffmann, F. F. Kellogg, H. D. . s Kipe, J. M. ' Kline, G. W., Jr. Kriebel. A. E. Levin, J. Lewis, G. C. Lewis, T. ' Liner, J. J. . Locke. H. W. Lord. F. R. Loughery, G. B. - Lyman, S. E. . McCarthy, C. J. McClintock, A., Sr. McClintock, A,, Jr. McClintock, J. L. McGowan, T. F. ' MacDade, A. H. Mann, C. P. Mappett, A. S. Mellon. J. T. J. Mensing, F. D. Mervine, T. R. Miller, W. C. Minnich, H. S. Monday. C. E. Moody, L. E. Morgan, R. C. Murphy, E. T. Murphy, W. R. Myers. G. W. F. Nelson, F., Jr. Nunan, J. F. Nusbaum, L. Officer, H. S. Ogelsby, W. P. Paine, L. G. Patterson, D. F. Pease. H. H. Perkins, F. C. Phillips, F. T. Plewes, S. E. . Porter, B. A. Reuss, E. H,, Jr. Rice, E. T. Rice. W. W. Roberts, H. L. Rothrock. J. T. Rugart, K. . Sabin, E. R. Sanbern, E. N. Sanville, C. P. . .Scanlon, J. J. Schopp, W. J. Setzer, W. C. Sewell, J. M. Shaw, C. E. Sheffier, M. Smith, L. F. Sommer, L. J., Jr. Sparks, F. B. Speckman, C. H. Stewart, C. W. Stone, G. F. Stroh, W. H. Strong, R. C. Sutterley, W. W. Taliaferro", R. R. Thompson, J. Thompson, W. P. Timm. W. H. Tinker, W. E. Walther, O. N, Wegmann, A. Welamb, V. N. Why, H. B. Wild, W. H. Wilson. B. W. Wilson, J. J. Woolston, A. H. Woolston, C. E. Young, R. L. Phoenixville-- ' Wilmot, C. S. . Pittsburgh-- Anderson, F. P. Arthur, H. W. Aston. J. Bushnell, C. D. Chester, T. Clark. F. C. Clark, W, H. - Dibble, S. E. Digby. H. E. Downes, H. H. Easter. T. J. Edwards. P. A. Evans, E. C. Firsching, F. J. ' Hanson. E. W. Heilman, R. H. 46 American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 Hook, C. H. ' : Ingels, M. Jones. A. M. King, T. McCormick, E. T. McGinness, J. E. . McGuigan, L. A. McIntosh, F. C. McMurray, J. Maginn, P. F. Mansfield. F. A. . Moore, H. L. Morgan, J. S. Morrow, C. F. Murray; J. M. . Nicholls, P. O'Neill. P. . Phillips, L. Rederer, B. S. Richards, S. F. Schley. A. A. Speller, F. N. " Stanger, R. B. Stitt, E. W. Stokes, R. E. Tenkohohy, R. J. Todd, J. Waldron, C. W. Walker, J. B. Weber, G. A. Wheeler. C. W. Wilkes Barre-- Carpenter, B. H. Williamsport-- Chambers. W. E. McLain. R. D. Willow Grove-- Houpt, G. A. Wisaah lekon-- Peterman, R. M. ' York-- ' Lindemuth, N. R. Sowers, P. E. . RHODE ISLAND. Providence-- Chase, J. D. Coleman, J. B. Gibbs. E. W. Hartwell, J. C. Husband, E. W. Poole, E. F. Reading-- . Erickson, H. A. Luck, A. W. Reese, H. L. * Ridley Park-- Bartlett. C. E. Roxborough-- BLankin, M. F. Rutledge-- Clarke, H. W. Scottdale-- Hartman, T.,E. . ' Scranton-- Gilboy. J. P. Saville, T. H. Washington-- Wilson, H. A. TENNESSEE Chattanooga-- ' Russell, H. C. Knoxville^Reeder, F. C. Memphis--. Allen. W. H. LaBundy, B. A. Sodemann, P. Nashville-- Hailey, S. H. Sewickley-- ' . TEXAS Black, G. E. Shamokin-- Gortner, j. W. Swissvale--: Timmerman, M. M; Tamaqua-- Hadesty. A. L., Jr. Upper Darby, P. O.-- Hoesington, N. P. Warren-- Schellhammer, A. L. Washington-- McVehil, E. W. Austin-- Donnelly, J. R. Giesecke, F. E. Dallas-- Taylor, R. F. Van Zandt, J. H. Fort Worth-- Burnett, E. S. Galveston-- Helphingstein, O. Houston-- Barnes. A. F. Waddington, B. C. West Chester-- Palmer, G. J. San Angelo-- Hogue, C. T. Wilkinsburg-- Rasmussen'. E. San Antonio-- Ebert, W. A. UTAH . WEST VIRGINIA Salt Lake City-- Coogan, J. VERMONT Burlington-- Austin, F. L. Raine. J. J. Wheelock, H. C. . N. Fenisburg-- Breckenridge, L. P. Charleston-- Matthews, J. K.' Meyers, S. H. ' Shanklin, J. R. Morgentown-- Zeck. A. WheelingHare, E. S. Seabright, L. C. WISCONSIN VIRGINIA Lynchburg-- Doering, F. L. Wiley. E. C. Wilson. E. J. F. Newport News-- Noland, L.'U. Norfolk-- Montagna, C. J. Peebles, J. K. Wilson, E. K. Richmond-- ' Austin, W. E, Eau Claire-- " Grosvold. F. E. Fond Du Lac-- Ahern, T. L. Fort Akinson-- Shodron, J. G. Green Bay-- Kingsbury, J. W. La Crosse-- Anderegg, R. H. Davidson, H. M. Johnson, T. RTrane, R- N. Childress, W. L. Johnston, J. A. Koch, H. O. Schulz, H. I. Roanoke-- Wash, W. P. Staunton-- Moffett, W. S. WASHINGTON Bremerton-- Bysom, L. L. Seattle-- . - Ayers. A. E. Carsten, W. H. Cox. W. W. . DeLong, F. B. Dudley. W. L. Eastwobd, Prof. E. O. Eckart, C. H. Vjoairey, r. n. Lavan, P. J. ' Mallis, W. Moore. J. C. Nevins, J. R. O'Connell, P. M. Ruddell, W. H. Santmyer, W. J. Stark, E. A. Twist, C. F. Madison-- Larson, G. L. Milwaukee-- Bowers, A. F. Cook, H. R. Downey, F. E. Ellis, H. W. Grassier, E. ' Jackson, C. H. Jung, J. S. Juttner, O. J. Meadows, F. H. Miller. C. W. Miller, H. M. Mueller, P. E. Olson. R. G. Ostrander, L. F. Page. H. W. Rice, C. J. ' h U R. Volk, J. H. Weimer, F. G. Wilson. W. H. Wolf. J. C. Worthing. E. Zuehlke, R. Superior--. Jarvis, G. E. Wausau-- Bassler, E. M. Cornwell, F. E. Sargent, L. F. Zokelt! C.G. ' WYOMING .Spokane-- DeLong, H. B. Nelson, R. L. Cheyenne-- Meyring. A. S.- 47 Roll of Membership CANADA Calgary, Alberta--. Clarke, S. S. Latham. G. Walker, A. Galt, Ont.-- Evans, J. McCaffrey, H. G. Guelpl-- . Taylor, M. A. Halifax, N. S.-- Eagar, R. F. Gray, G. A. Harrington. C. Hamilton, Ont.-- Henion. H. D. Kingston, Ont.-- Arkley, L. M. Druce, J. J. Montreal, Que.-- Bladon, J. B. Fry. J. D. Friedman, F. J. Hamlet, F. A. Hamlet, T. F. Higgins, T. J. Hills, A. H. Kastello. A. Osborne, G. H. Peterson, E. A. Wiggs. G. L. Sault Ste.--r Wilson, W. S. Toronto, Ont.-- Addy, E. Angus, H. H. . Baldwin, W. H. Birreil. A. L. Blackball, W. R. Carruthers, K. L. Church, H. J. Clifton, W. F. Dickey, A. J. Doughty. C. J. Duncan, J. M. Flett, H. R. Griffith, M. R. . FOREIGN COUNTRIES Jennings, S. A. Laidlaw, E. J. Leitch, A. S. McHenry. R. W. M. McMichael, P. Mansell. P. C. ' Moore. H. S. O'Neill, J. W. Owens, C. B. Paterson, J. S. Paterson, W. B. Peterkin, S. M. Playfair. G. A. Purdy. A. K. Shears. M. W. Sheffield. E. B. Sheppard, W. G. Smith. P. J. Thomas, M. F. Worthington, T. Vancouver, B. C.-- Givin. A* W. Leek. W.. McCreery, H. J. Windsor, Ont.-- Bowden, F.. Winnipeg-- Fulton, W. J. ` Maclrie. J. Kirk. C. D. . CHINA Shanghai-- Alt. H. L. Cooper, T. R. Hauss, C. F. Tientsin-- Baker. H. W. H. DENMARK Copenhagen-- Reck. A. B. Leeds-- Jennins, H. H. Leicester-- Nesbit, D, M. Liverpool-- Honiball. C. R. London-- . Barker. A. H. Craig, F. B. Groom. S. L. Herring. E. Jennings. F. W. Nobbs. W. W. Robinson. S. W. Russell. J. N. Manchester-- Row, O. M. Yates, W. Sheffield-- - Biggin, F. Southport-- Atkinson, R, E. Sunderland-- Vaux. N. Trowbridge-- Haden, G. N. Haden. W. N. York-- Fryer, F. G. FRANCE Paris-- Beaurrienne. A. Downe, H. S. ' Modiana, R. ENGLAND GERMANY HullHill. E. G. T. Stuttgart--. Klein, A. R. IRELAND Cork-- Barry. P, I. JAPAN Tokyo-- Kitaura. S. Sekido, K. Shinohara, S. Shozo, S. Yamasaki, K. NEW. ZEALAND Dunedin-- Davies. G. W. NORWAY Christiania-- ' Tjersland, A. RUSSIA Petrograd-- Sakouta. M. L. SWEDEN Stockholm-- Theorell. H. G. T. SWITZERLAND Winterthur-- Meier, K. TURKEY Constantinople-- Scipio, L. A. 48 PAST OFFICERS American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers 1894 President................ ........ ...... ................Edward P. Bates 1st Vice-President............ __________ Wra. M. Mackay 2nd Vice-President___ _Wiltsie F. Wolfe ' 3rd Vice-President_____________ Chas. S. Onderdonk Treasurer.......................... --_____ Judson A. Goodrich Secretary............................................. ............... L. H. Hart Board of Managers Chairman, Fred P. Smith Henry Adams A. A. Cary Hugh J. Barron James A. Harding Edward P. Bates. Pres. L. H. Hart. Secy. ' Council Chairman, R. C. Carpenter Albert A. Cryer Chas. W, Newton . F. W. Foster Ulysses G. Scoliay, Secy. 1897 President__________________________Wm. M. Mackay 1st Vice-President.!_____________________ H. D. Crane 2nd Vice-PresidentHenry Adams 3rd Vice-President____________________ A. E Kenrick Treasurer____________ Judson A. Goodrich Secretary _____ ___ _H. M. Swetland Board of Managers Chairman, R. C. Carpenter Edward P. Bates Stewart A. Jellett W. S. Hadaway. Jr. Wiltsie F. Wolfe Wm. M. Mackay, Pres. H. M. Swetland, Secy. ' Council Chairman, Albert A. Cryer John A. Fish James Mackay Wm; McMannis B. F. Stangland President............... -- 1st. Vice-President.. 2nd Vice-President 3rd Vice-President Treasurer.............. Secretary................... 1895 .....Stewart A. Jellett ......Wm. M. Mackay .Chas. S. Onderdonk ..D. M. Quay Judson A. Goodrich __________L. H. Hart Board of Managers Chairman, James A. Harding Geo. B. Cobb Ulysses G. Scoliay Wm. McMannis B. F. Stangland Stewart A. Jellett, Pres. L. H. Hart, Secy. Council Chairman. R. C. Carpenter Henry Adams ' T. J. Waters Edwaul p. Bates Albert A. Cryer, Secy. 1898 President............... ............... ...................Wiltsie F. Wolfe 1st Vice-PresidentJ. H. Kinealy 2nd Vice-President........................ ............A. E. Kenrick 3rd Vice-President............. ........................-John A. Fish Treasurer.......................................... Judson A. Goodrich Secretary...... ............................. _.........Stewart A. Jellett Board of Managers Chairman, Wm. M. Mackay Thomas Barwick A. C. Mott _ John A. Connolly Francis A. Williams Wiltsie F. Wolfe. Pres. Stewart A. Jellett. Secy. Council . Chairman. R. C. Carpenter Henry Adam9 . W. S. Hadaway. Jr. Albert A. Cryer Wm. McMannis Wiltsie F. Wolfe. Pres. Stewart A. Jellett, Secy. 1896 President.......................... ....................... R. C. Carpenter > 1st Vice-President--.......................... .........D. M. Quay 2nd Vice-President........... .................. Edward P. Bates 3rd Vice-President. ---____F. W. Foster Treasurer.......... ................................Judson A. Goodrich Secretary................. .......................... ................ L. H. Hart . 1899 President.... ...................................................Henry Adams 1st Vice-President_________ ___________ _',,D. M. Quay 2nd Vice-President................... ................ A. E. Kenrick 3rd Vice-President______________ Francis A. Williams Treasurer........... ....... Judson A. Goodrich Secretary.................... .Wm. M, Mackay Board of Managers Chairman, Wm. M. Mackay Hugh J. Barron Stewart A. Jellett W. S. Hadaway. Jr. Wiltsie F. Wolfe R. C. Carpenter, Pres. L. H. Hart, Secy. Council Chairman, A. A. Cary Albert A. Cryer B. F. Stangland Wm. McMannis J. J. Blackmore, Secy. Board of Managers Chairman, Stewart A. Jellett B. H. Carpenter Wm. Kent A. A. Cary Wiltsie F. Wolfe Henry Adams, Pres. Wm. M. Mackay. Secy. Council Chairman, R. C. Carpenter . John Gormly Wm. McMannis W. S. Hadaway. Jr. B. F. Stangland Henry Adams. Pres. Wm. M. Mackay. Secy. 49 Roll of Membership President___________ 1st Vice-President__ 2nd Vice-President,, Treasurer__________ Secretary.___________ _D. M. Quay _____ _A. E. Keririck ...Francis A. Williams ...Judson A. Goodrich .......Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, D. M. Quay Wm. Kent, Vice-Chm. C. B. J. Snyder R. C. Carpenter D. M. Nesbit John Gormly Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. President. 1st Vice-President-- 2nd Vice-Presidents. Treasurer___ ______ Secretary___________ ____ C. B. J. Snyder -Ulysses G. Scollay --Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, Wm. Kent R. P. Bolton . James Mackay C. B. J. Snyder B. F. Stangland B. H. Carpenter J. C. F. Trachsel ' A. B. Franklin Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. President____ :_____ 1st Vice-President__ 2nd Vice-Presidents. Treasurer:__________ Secretary___________ : ___J. H. Kinealy __ A. E. Kenrick .Andrew Harvey ...Judson A. Goodrich ___ Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman. J. H. Kinealy Wm. Kent, Vice-Chm. John Gormly . R. C. Carpenter C. B. J. Snyder R. P. Bolton Wm. M.- Mackay. Secy. 1st Vice-President_ 2nd Vice-Presidents. Treasurer__________ Secretary..s_________ ----John Gormly _C. B. J.'Snyder. ,_T. J.' Waters --Ulysses G. Scollay __Wm. M. Mackay- Board of Governors Chairman, John Gormly - C. B. J.Snyder,V*ce-C/m.' A. B. Franklin. . T. J. Waters James Mackay R. C. Carpenter B. F. Stangland -' Frank K. Chew Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1st Vice-President__ 2nd Vice-PresidentTreasurer______ Secretary___ __ _____ _A. E. Kenrick Andrew Harvey .-Robert C. Clarkson --Judson A. Goodrich ____Wm. M. Mackay . Board of Governors Chairman, A. E. Kenrick - John Gormly, Vice-Chm. J. H. Kinealy R. C. Carpenter . C. B. J. Snyder Wm. Kent Wm; M. Mackay, Secy. President____________ Ist Vice-President s 2nd Vice-Presidents___ Treasurer___ -______ : Secretary....... .......... -- ____C. B. J. Snyder _____James Mackay _____ Wm. G. Snow --Ulysses G. Scollay Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, C. B. J. Snyder - James Mackay,Vice-Chm. Edmund F. Capron Wm. G. Snow R. E. Atkinson Frank K. Chew ' A. B. Franklin R. C. Carpenter Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 1903 President------------------------------------- ---- --- H. D. Crane 1st Vice-President....... .................................... Wm. Kent 2nd Vice-Presidents-- .............. --_.......... R. P. Bolton Treasurer___ ___________________Judson A. Goodrich Secretary....----------------------------------- Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, H. D. Crane C. B.J. Snyder, Vice-Chm. A. E. Kenrick R. C. Carpenter Geo. Mehring John Gormly. Wm. M. Mackay . Secy. 1st Vice-President__ 2nd Vice-president- Treasurer______ .___ Secretary__________ ___ ...James Mackay' _--Jas. D. Hodman ____ B. F. Stangland ...Ulysses G. Scollay --Wm. M. Mackay Board of Governors . Chairman. James Mackay Jas. D. Hoffman, Vice-Chm. John F. Hale B. F. Stangland . .August Kehm 1 R. C. Carpehter. C. B. J. Snyder Frank K- Chew Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. --Andrew Harvey 1st Vice-President-. John Gormly 2nd Vice-President___ ..Robert C. Clarkson Treasurer----- --------------------- ______ Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary----------------------- ----------------Wm. M. Mackay - . Board of Governors. - Chairman, Andrew Harvey ' John Gormly . ' H. D. Crane . Robert C. Clarkson A. E. Kenrick J. J. Blackmore C. B. J. Snyder . R. C. Carpenter ' Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. JVrsKfrni 1st Vice-President______ 2nd Vice-President____ 1. Treasurer___ ____ Secretary._______ ...... ....... _____Wm. G. Snow ______August Kehm _____ B. S. Harrison -Ulysses G. Scollay ;...Wo. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chairman, Wm. G- Snow August Kehm, Vice-Chm. Samuel R. Lewis B. S. Harrison J*am' es -M-ackay John R. Allen B. F. Stangland R. C. Carpenter-' Wm. M. Mackay, Secy. 5a American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Guide, 1925-26 1910 . President...JJas. D. Hoffman 1st Vice-President__ ___!__ _R.-P. Bolton 2nd Vice-President._Samuel R. Lewis Treasurer.^, , u ...................... Ulysses G. Scollay * SecretaryWm. M. Mackay Board of Governors Chaimusn, Jas. D. Hoffman R. P. Bolton, Vice-Chm. Judson A. Goodrich' . Samuel R. Lewis . John F. Hale . Geo. W. Barr ' James Mackay R. C. Carpenter Wm. M. Mackay. Secy. 1914 President__ --.........................!.-Samuel R. Lewis 1st Vice-President........... ............... Edmund F. Capron 2nd Vice-President___ ______^..-Dwight D. Kimball Treasurer_______ __ ___________ --James A. Donnelly Secretary__t_____ __ _____ ___ ___ .____J. J. Blackmore Council Chatrman, Samuel R. Lewis E. F. Capron, Vice-Chm. John F. Hale Dwight D. Kimball Harry M. Hart John R Allen Frank G. McCann Frank T. Chapman Wm. W. Macon Frank I. Cooper James A. Donnelly James M. Stannard J. J. Blackmore, Secy. . 19U President_!____________________________ _ R. P. Bolton 1st Vice-President_____ ___ __________ -John R.'AUen 2nd Vice-President--_______________ __ A. B. Franklin Treasurer._______ ________________ Ulysses G. Scollay Secretary_____ ________________ _____.Wm. W, Macon 1915 President__ :!Dwight D. Kimball 1st Vice-President...... ........ '.--------------- Harry M. Hart 2nd Vice-President......................... Frank T. Chapman Treasurer--____________________ --iHomer Addams SecretaryJ* J* Blackmore Board of Governors - Chairman, R. P. Bolton ' John R. Allen, Vice-Chm. James H. Davis A. B..Franklin . Jas. D. Hoffman John T. Bradley August Kehm R. C. Carpenter Wm. W. Macon, Secy. Council Chairman, Dwight D.' Kimball Harry M. Hart,Vice-Chm. Samuel R. Lewis Frank T. Chapman Homer Addams Frank I. Cooper E. Vernon Hill Wm. M. Kingsbury Frank G. McCann J. T. J. Mellon \ Henry C. Meyer, Jr. Arthur K. Ohmes J. J. Blackmore, Secy. 1st Vice-President__ 2nd Vice-President_ Treasurer.._________ Secretary.............. ..... ,, John R. Allen --John F. Hale ...Edmund F. Capron __James A. Donnelly ...Wm. W. Macon Board of Governors Chairman, John R. Allen John F. Hale, Vice-Chm. Dwight D. Kimball Edmund F. Capron Samuel R. Lewis - ' R. P. Bolton' ' Wm. M. Mackay Jas. D. Hoffman Wm. W. Macon, Secy. 1st Vice-President-- 2nd Vice-President... Treasurer-- Secretary......... _____Harry M. Hart ..Frank T. Chapman --Arthur K. Ohmes _____ Homer Addams _____ Casin W.'Obert . Council Chairman, Harry M. Hart F. T. Chapman,Vice-Chm. E. Vernon Hill Arthur K. Ohmes Dwight D. Kimball Homer Addams Henry C. Meyer, Jr. Charles R. Bishop. Fred R. Still . , Frank I. Cooper Walter S. Timmis Milton W. Franklin Casin W. Obert, Secy. 1st Vice-President_ 2nd Vice-presidentTreasurer.__ ;______ Secretary____ ______ _i__.___._.--EJ__a_d__mm__EeuAsdJ,n.owdABuhi.nFn. D.vFAFoC_r_.a_naS_nnHpPckeraorollielltnnyetsiden12ST_ts.ner.etdcaVreVs.i.tuciacrereey-r-P_P___rr_ee__s_s_i_i:dd-_-ee_--_nn-_-tt_--s . 1917 ____ J. Irvine Lyle .^Arthur K. Ohmes ______ Fred R. Still ___ Homer Addams ___ Casin W. Obert Board of Governors Chairman, John F. Hale A. B. Franklin. Vice-Chm. James A. Donnelly John R. Allen Dwight D.. Kimball Edmund F..Capron Wm. W. Macon R. P. Bolton James M. Stannard Frank T. Chapman Theodore Weinsbank Ralph Collamore Edwin A. Scott, Secy. . Council Chairman, J. Irvine Lyle A. K. Ohmes, Vice-Chm. Charles A. Fuller Fred R. Still Homer Addams . Harry M. Hart ; . E. Vernon Hill. Davis S. Boyden Bert C. Davis Ilf . mI.1 2 n James M. Stannard Walter S. Timmis 51 Roll of Membership 1918 President_____________________ ________ -Fred R. Still 1st Vice-President__...........................Walter S. Timmis' Snd Vice-President_____ __ ___ _______E. Vernon Hill Treasurer ................. ............................. Homer Addams Secretary............................................. .....Casin W. Obert President___________ 1st Vice-President__ Snd Vice-President.. Treasurer__ __ Secretary.................... ____ ijay R., McColl ...............H. P. Gant .Samuel E. Dibble .....Homer Addams .... Casin W- Obert Council Chairman,-Fred R. Still W. S. Timmis. Vice-Chm. J. Irvine Lyle . Homer Addams E. Vernon Hill William H. Driscoll Frank G. Phegley Howard H. Fielding Fred. W. Powers H. P. Gant Champlain L. Riley C. W. Kimball Casin W. Obert. Secy. Chairman, Jay R. McColl H. P. Gant, Vice-Chm. L. A.-Harding Homer Addams E. E. McNair Jos. A. Cutler H. J. Meyer Samuel E. Dibble C. L. Riley Wm. H. Driscoll Perry West E. S. Hallett . Casin W. Obert, Secy. President_____________ Jst Vice-President_____ 2nd Vice-President...... . Treasurer........ ................ Secretary-....................... ......Walter S. Timmis ............E. Vernon Hill ..Milton W. Franklin .......... Homer Addams .......... Casin W. Obert Council Chairman, Walter S. Timmis E. Vernon Hill, Vice-Chm. Frank G. Phegley Homer Addams . Fred. W. Powers Howard H. Fielding Robt. W. Pryor. Jr. Milton W. Franklin Champlain L. Riley Harry E. Gerrish Fred R. Still George B. Nichols Casin W. Obert. Secy. 1923 President ........ ....................................... --H. P. Gant 1st Vice-President.i...............................Homer Addams 2nd Vice-President_______ ....................... E. E. McNair Treasurer ............................................Wm. H. Driscoll Secretary...... -..................... -...................--C. W. Obert Council Chairman, H. P. Gant ' Homer Addams. Vice-Chm. E! S. Hallett W. H. Carrier Alfred Kellogg J A Cutler Thornton Lewis S. E. Dibble J- R- McNair Wm. H. Driscoll Perry West Casin W. Obert. Secy. 1920 President............. ....._..............................E. Vernon Hill 1st .Vice-President............... -........ Champlain L. Riley 2nd Vice-President,,________________-Jay R. McColl Treasurer................. .!_____ _____ -........Homer Addams Secretary........._........................................Casin W. Obert 1924 * President ........................................... Homer Addams 1st Vice-President--...................... S. E. Dibble end Vice-President................ ...... -William H. Driscoll Treasurer ....................... -.............. ..---V;pgry Wett Secretary......... -.................................---F- C. Houghten Chairman, E. Vernon Hill C. L. Riley. Vice-Chm. Jay R. McColl Homer Addams George B. Nichols Jos. A. Cutler Robt. W. Pryor. Jr. Wm. H. Driscoll W. S. Timmis A. C. Edgar Perry West Alfred Kellogg - Casin W. Obert, Secy. Council Chairman, Homer Addams S. E. Dibble. Vice-Chm. F. Paul Anderson W. H. Carrier J. A. Cutler William H. Driscoll H. P. Gant W. E. Gillham L. A. Harding Alfred Kellogg Thornton Lewis Perry West F.' C. Houghten, Scy. \ . 1921 . 'President.-....... .......... ................... Champlain L. Riley 1st Vice-President........ ................. ..........jay R. McColl end Vice-President..........................................H. P. Gant Treasurer_...... .........................................Homer Addams Secretary___ ______ _________ _______ Casin W. Obert President..................... 1st Vice-President-- 2nd Vice-President... Treasurer..--j. Secretary......... 1925 ........... S. E. Dibble ..Wm. H. Driscoll .F. Paul Anderson ............ Perry West ....F. C. Houghten Council . Chairman, Champlain L. Riley Jay R. viss-Th-- f? Q| Homer Addams Jos. A. Cutler '" ' Samuel E.'Dibble/*.. : Wm. H. Driscoll /Jv H. P. Gant (^[ W. Secy. Chairman, S. E. Dibble Wm. H. Driscoll. Vice-Chm. W. T. Jones Homer Addams Thornton Lewis F. Paul Anderson J. H. Walker W. H. Carrier Perry West J. A. Cutler A. C. Willard W. E. Gillham F. C. Houghten, Secy. 52 1 -V -