Document 9dzVdKyZgK2xQZ5Ym95xQK36

680 CHAPTER 26 1958 Guide Table 6. Pipe Fittings Elbows 90, 60,45 & 22% Standard 90 & 45 Street 90 & 45 Female union 90 & 45 Butt-welding . 90 & 45 Flanged 90 Side outlet 90 side Outlet rolling Base 90 & 45 Male union .90 & 45 Socket-welding 90 Rolling Drop Tees Standard Flanged Female union Flanged base Railing Service Flanged side outlet Femaleunion outlet Butt-welding Side outlet railing Four-way Male union Flanged reducing Socket-welding Drop Couplings Wrought Cast Socket-welding Crosses Screwed Flanged Butt-welding Y-Bends 45 Screwed 45 Flanged 45 Double screwed True.flanged Retukn Bends Butt-welding Back outlet Screwed Union end Reducers Standard Butt-welding Eccentric Socket-welding Flanged taper Eccentric butt welding Flanged eccentric Bushings Outside hexagon Eccentric Face Caps Standard Socket-welding Butt-welding Plugs Countersunk Square head Bar Nipples Close Long Tank Unions Female Male & female Flange Tongue & groove flange Flanges Blind Floor Screwed Slip-on Welding neck Reducing PIPE FITTINGS Pipe is joined by butt welding one length to another or by the use of fittings. Pipe fittings are made in a variety of forms (the common types are listed in Table 6), and are screwed, flanged or welded. The type of fitting to be used is determined by the pressure of the fluid being earned, or by the use of the pipe line. The materials generally used are steel, cast iron, malleable iron (heat treated cast iron), copper, brass, stainless steel, alloy steel, or bronze. The material used also depends upon the pressure or characteristics of the fluid. Fittings are designated and sized in accordance with American Standards Association specifications and are identified by their nominal pipe sizes. . In the case of reducing tees, crosses, and Y-branches (laterals), the size of the largest run opening is given first, followed by the size of the opening at the opposite end of the run. Where the fitting is a tee or Y-branch Pipe, Fittings, Welding h 4 4x4x2 TEE 4 b 4 4x3x2 TEE \ 4 4x4x2 Y-BRANCH 4 \ 4 4x3x2 Y-BRANCH 681 4>4*22 CROSS 4x4x3x2 \ CROSS 4*3*2*lj CROSS Fig. 1. Description op Tees and Laterals (ASA B16.5--1951) (lateral), the size of the outlet is given last. Where the fitting is a cross, the largest side-outlet opening is the third dimension given followed by the opening opposite. The straight line sketches, Fig. 1, illustrate how the reducing fittings are designated. Where an external thread is wanted the word male follows the size of that opening. Allowable pressures for solder type fittings are given in Table 7. Allow able pressures for ferrous screwed, flanged, and welding fittings are covered in the following ASA specifications: Type op Fitting Specification Saturated Steam Pbessube PSIGa . Cast Iron--THaripprl Cast Iron--Flaneed............................................. Cast Iron--Flan frp.ri v>ast Iron--Screwed.................... Steel-Flanged -- B16.1 B16b Bldbl B16.16 B16.4 B16.3 B16.19 B16.15 B16.17 B16.5 125 250 800 300 125 and 150 150 300 125 250 ; 2500 for Bn(^es^u^e rnay reduce with increasing sizes. This pressure is the maximum allowed in this specification saturated steam. Higher pressures may be allowed with lower temperatures. Steel welding (butt or socket type) fittings may be used for the same P.res'|re as the pipe, providing wall thickness (or schedule number), and also the material, are the same as the pipe on which they are used.' Screwed fittings include: couplings, elbows (45 or 90), return bends nut^fl3TM open)> ,tees> crosses, laterals (Y-branches), plugs, caps, lock t*J?, Ranges, bushings, and reducing fittings (elbows, tees and couplings), rieaucing fittings and bushings may be eccentrically tapped to permit drainage of condensate. niw-0mef^^ nipples are erroneously called fittings. Actually a nipple is a Roe 19 ^*pe ^ess than 12 in. long that has been threaded on both ends.. Pe iE m. or longer is regarded as cut pipe. Nipples are classified as