Document 9LyybVKgdpeL17n1RRRa7LE55

Industrial Hygiene Digest August, 1960 HMBB-0018633 MANAGEMENT ASPECTS 815 Organizational Health and Executive Development. C. Argyris. Advanced Management 24, 8 (Dec, 1959). The author is concerned with the fact that executives place emphasis on endproducts such as high morale, loyalty, and interest in the company rather than on organi zational processes. According to his research, high loyality and high productivity are partially caused by the fact the employees are permitted to be non-involved and experience few contacts with management. He makes a plea for the process of increasing the healthy development of the total organization and Bays that it is a sick organization which would create the "organization man". It is argued that a healthy organization would stress indi viduality. In order to initiate the process toward organizational health, several steps are involved: first, to define what is to be included in the concept of organizational health; second, to translate this concept into actual behavior; third, to develop criteria to measure and evaluate the state of organizational health; and fourth, to apply these criteria to an execu tive development program or to other programs to see if they are contributing to organiza tional health. It is argued that changes may need to be made in the organizational structure, managerial controls, and leadership patterns, but it is also admitted that no concrete recom mendations can be made in these areas at thiB time. It is further asserted that effective leadership is no different from effective living. Hence, the healthy leader grows and develops his own potentialities in such a way as to encourage relationships with others so that the pro cess of growth and development takes place for all in the organization. L>ooking to the future, it is contended that personnel departments will be concerned with developing quality leader ship and healthy organizations through the functions of research and training. -- Cond. from J. Occ. Med. 816 Automation and Unemployment. W. Phelan. Illinois Labor Bull. 20, 14-15 (June I960). For decades industry has been highly mechanized but humans regulated the machines and controlled the input of variables. Today, machinery, which can control other machinery and regulate the input relationship of many variables, is available. The application of this new machinery in industry is called automation. Automation is primarily applicable in manu facturing, communication, and transportation industries, and in data processing (paperwork). If purchasing power can be maintained and at the same time automation is widely used, society as a whole is economically ahead. Automation produces goods cheaper in two ways. First of all, production costs are reduced. Labor, material, and indirect factors, as material handling are all utilized more efficiently. Secondly, the production of surplus is eliminated. Automation of data processing systems enables management to receive daily or weekly inventory reports from all sectors of the distribution channels. Hence, when the retail inventories of a particular item are growing too large, the manufacturer realizes this situation in days instead of months. Therefore, production will be immediately shifted to a more needed item. With automation productive capacity increases, and more goods and services can be produced and distributed. However, through the increase in productive capacity by application of automation, the right of those who may have become unemployed through the application of automation must not be ignored. In a few industries, automation may come abruptly. Nevertheless, the situation may be only temporary and as soon as the individual has adjusted to the circumstances, he will realize that he must shift to growing industries. During the transition period, he willget unemployment compensation, which in the State of Illinois is now $50 a week for a possible 26 weeks. Older workers who would find it difficult to switch to new industries usually will be kept in the present industry and used as a skeleton work force. 03120612 30. HWBB-001863*i Industrial Hygiene Digest August, 1960 ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION 817 A Power Plant Safety Program. W. C, Kramer Coal Utilization 14, 21-22 (June I960). The prime requisite for a successful safety program is the enlistment of full cooperation from all plant employees. The author presents a program which does not use incentives or rewards and still has been highly successful. Before a safety program can get off the ground, the principles and objectives must be spelled out. The following could be called to a company's safety philosophy: (1) Every employee has a responaibility for safety. (2) Safety is an integral part of doing a job right and is made a vital part of all job training. (3) No job is so urgent or emergency so great that it cannot be taken care of safely. (4) Top management must be sincere and active in their pursuit of safety if such an attitude is to prevail. When this attitude reaches and is accepted by first line supervisors, the safety program works because employees adopt the attitude of those for whom they wofk. (5) Safety on the job and off-the job are equally important. A proper attitude toward safety is a way of life. 818 Understanding the Electron. J. G. Huffman. Natl. Safety News 82, 38-39, 171-172 (July I960). East year in the United States about 1,000 persons met death by accidental electro cution; another 5, 000 received serious injury from electrical causes. Property damage ran into millions. Electron flow or movement along a conductor is called an electric current. A rate of 6 x 1010 electrons per second is equivalent to one ampere. When current flows, it re leases energy. An electrical current of only 25/1000 ampere passing through the human body can be lethal. Fortunately, it usually requires considerably more, especially when the current path does not cross the heart or important nerve centers. Even though not lethal, serious burns can result where higher currents are involved. Three things are necessary for sufficient cur rent to pass through the human body to be dangerous. First, the circuit has to be complete. The current must have points of contact where it can enter and leave the body. The second condition is that the voltage must be high enough to cause a large enough current to flow. Finally, the source must have the capacity to supply the current, whatever the voltage. The commonest situation which can provide the three necessary conditions for serious shock is contact with an ungrounded portable device, such as a hotplate, a stirrer, or a pH meter. These devices often develop an electrical path between the internal wiring and the frame. If this path is a metallic one, it's called a short; if it's due to dirt or a breakdown of insulation, it's called a leak. In either case, the frame of the device would be hot electrically to ground. This hazard can be almost completely eliminated by the use of a 3-wire receptacle, plug, and cable. Heating tapes with thin porous insulation represent a class of potentially hazardous de vices which cannot be made safe easily. Leakage sometimes exists from the heating wire in the tape through the insulation to the surface. It can be due to the insulation being worn thin or to some conducting material having soaked into it. There is no metal frame to ground, so a third wire is of no value. Other precautions to be observed in handling electrical equipment in the laboratory are discussed by the author. 03120613 31. HWBB-0018635 * *. Industrial Hygiene Digest MISCELLANEOUS August, 1960 g=3 Gz> (cz> L--i VGU) 819 Industrial Waste Disposal Tailored to Stream Flow. C, J, Vela. Proc. Am, Soc. Civil Engrg., J. Sanitary Engr. Div. 85, No. SA6, Pt. 1, 95-109 (Nov. 1959). Recognizing the technical and economic limitations of waste treatment in main taining satisfactory stream conditions during drought season, two possibilities for more efficient utilization of water resources hold promise. Either the stream flow should be regulated to make a higher level of total flow useable; or the industrial waste discharge should be regulated, tailored to the varying pattern of stream flow. A detailed case analysis of the latter, regulating release from waste storage lagoons in accord with the varying waste assimilation capacity of the stream, indicates industrial expansion potential 10 to 50 times that possible under drought flow conditions. -- Public Health Engr. Absts. 820 Treatment of Phenolic Effluents. D. A. Hall and G. R. Nellist. J. Appl. Chem. (London) 565-576 (Nov. 1959). The following methods of disposal and treatment of phenolic liquors from coke oven plants are studied: (1) Direct use on froth flotation media in coal washing plant. The coal absorbs 60% of the phenols present, but only half the normal output can be used in this way. (2) Chemical oxidation of the phenols by ozone. This is satisfactory for dilute liquors (100 ppm of phenols) but is too costly for spent ammoniacal liquors. (3) Biological oxidation. The activated sludge process is satisfactory but somewhat expensive. An enclosed percolating filter containing coke activated with soil organisms gave promising resultB. (4) Extraction of phenols. The use of light creosote oil in a rotating disc extractor gave promising results. For liquors rich in phenols, the procedure recommended is method (4) followed by methods (3) or (1) and then method (2) if desirable. Final effluents wifhlO to 50 ppm of phenols can be obtained. -- Public Health Engr. Absts. 03120614 O0 [SSI c=o .0 32. Industrial Hygiene Digest Auguat, I960 HWBB-0018636 INDEX Accident facts (bk. rev. ) 730 Air pollutants adhesion to surfaces determining effect on epithelium release of sodium aerosol in combustion sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide 810 812 813 814 803 Air pollution control Allegheny County dust and fume disposal in vertical boiler measurement(s) chamber for calibration purposes Air sampling, ring oven techniques 728 807 806 811 802 Allegheny County, air pollution control 728 Allergy(ies) analysis of allergic dermatitides in antimony mine in cement industry 741 749 748 Anthracosis, bone marrow 783 Antimony mine, allergic disease in 749 Asbestosis, and lung cancer 781 Asthma, effect of smoking 734 Atomic energy available literature plant, dispensary visits 790 800 Automation and unemployment 816 Baritosis, in barite workers 768 Benzene hexachloride, toxic hazards 767 Books accident facts 730 health benefit coverage in New York State 7 32 health survey, U.S. Natl., Hawaii 733 occupational disease attributed to pesticides 731 Boranes (boron hydrides) toxicity of diborane toxicology 751 752 Cancer and air pollutants from chromates lung, asbestos 813 757 781 Cancer (continued) pathological effects of smoking roasted chromite ore Carbon monoxide poisoning neurologic manifestations 736 756 753 Carbon tetrachloride effect on rat serum enzymes 762 Cement industry, allergy in workers 748 Chemotherapy of infection 738 Chromate cancer in mice and rats dermatitis from cement 757 747 Chromatography, some aspects of 801 Chromite ore, role in cancer 756 Chromium, microdetermination 759 O-Cresyl phosphate, outbreak of paralysis 765 DDT, toxic hazards 767 Dermatitis, dermatosis(es) analysis of dermatitides in cement industry formaldehyde in textiles phenylmercuric salts silica granulomas in man status of skin tests value of patch tests 741 747 744 742 743 746 745 Diatomaceous earth, pneumoconiosis 775 1, 1-Dimethylhydrazine, toxicity 766 Dust control, suppression in glass manufacturing 774 Dust counting, determination size distribution in coal mines statistical aspects 805 772 Dust sampling, samplers correction for anisokinetic myocological contamination size analysis 771 769 773 Electrical hazards in the laboratory . 818 Emphysema, effect of smoking 734 Ethylene dibromide fatal case of poisoning 763 33. 03120615 3v i.;c s' s In-.u8iri.il Hygiene Digest Executive development and organizational health 815 Eye, tobacco amblyopia 735 Fluoride(s), determination 754 U Formaldehyde and contact eczema 744 fel Health benefit coverage in New York State survey, U, S. Natl. Hawaii health survey 732 733 Heart disease and occupational exposures 739 Heat development of heat pyrexia and humidity, diffusion of water vapor through skin 785 786 Industrial medicine in atomic energy plant education for practice of Industrial relations and ^-----j organizational health Infection and chemotherapy Lead fume from welding coated steels poisoning in making light bulbs Man versus environment Mercury hazard in medical laboratories Noise audience and seat absorption measurement(s) temporary threshold shift {Noise control and reduction value of ear defenders Odor control methods oo Ophthalmology, tobacco amblyopia ^Pesticides |p Cfj and occupational disease (bk. rev.) Phenylmercuric salts, dermatoses tvL ijPIastics, toxicology C=4:neumoc onto sis baritosis in diatomaceous earth workers talc in soapstone workers Polydiroethylsiloxanea, oral toxicity 800 740 815 738 760 761 808 758 787 788 789 809 735 731 742 750 768 775 782 764 August, 1960 Radar effects on animals control of hazards 792 791 Radiation (ionizing, nuclear, x-rays, etc.) biochemical effects 798 in manned space flights 784 effect on mediastinum 793 protection, code. New York City 729 Radioactive decontamination of animals particulates, retention in lung 799 794 Radioisotopes information for industrial use and the law in medicine 795 796 797 Resins, toxicology of synthetic 750 Safety in a power plant 817 Silica granulomas in man 743 Silicone(s) polydimethylsiloxanes, toxicity 764 Silicosis clinico-radiological assessment non-typical forms unusual manifestations 778 777 776 Silico tuberculosis bronchographic picture bronchoscopic picture 780 779 Skin, diffusion of water vapor through 786 Smoking effect on asthma and emphysema pathological effects 734 736 Space flight, radiation implications 784 Sulfur dioxide determination in flue gases dynamics of inhalation in urban area 804 755 803 Sulfur trioxide, determination Influe gases 804 Talc pneumoconiosis, in soapstone workers 782 Thermal precipitator fractionation of particles Uranium dioxide, retention in the lung 770 794 Vibrating tools and neurological conditions Waste disposal ' tailored to stream flow treatment of phenolic effluents 03120616 737 819 820 HMBB-0018637