Document 9Lroq3qrE3g1z5yVQLGYdLeMe

Part I -- Inerteen Insulating Fluid t 'age f CHARACTERISTICS I 5. Dielectric constant: 3' Inerteen is a highly pure, synthetic non-inflam 3 mable and non-explosive insulating and cooling 3 liquid. Chemically stable and neank water white 4 in color, Inerteen is not affect} by reaction with 4 other materials regularly used in the manufacture o f Inerteen apparatus. It is non-oxidizing and non-corrosive at temperatures considerably above those normally obtained in Inerteen apparatus. Inerteen will not sludge under any operating condition. Water is the main enemy of Inerteen and keeping it dry will insure long service life. At 1000 cycles 77F (25C), 5.7 to 5.9 At 1000 cycles 212 F (1 0 0 C ), 4.8 to 5.0 6. Dielectric strength: (Minimum) 77F (. At point of shipment, 35 kv X At point of receipt, 30 kv 7. Electrical Resistivity: (Minimum) 500 x l O 9 ohms/cm3 (212F (I00C ) at 500 volts d-c) . The dielectric strength of Inerteen will com pare favorably with that of insulating oil when tested under the same conditions. Quality samples o f Inerteen tested under laboratory conditions may show a dielectric strength in excess of 40 kv. Care must be exercised in handling and testing Inerteen. Inerteen must be kept in clean, sealed containers to prevent loss by evaporation or contamination by moisture or dirt. 8. Power factor: At 60 hertz, 7 7 F (25C) 2% At 60 hertz, 2 I2 F (100C) 25% . .. 9. Fixed chlorine content: (Minimum) 42 per cent 10. Free chlorides: Less than 0.10 ppm Inerteen exerts a strong solvent action on most varnishes, gums, and paints. Such materials are not used in the construction of Inerteen appa ratus. No materials should be used in Inerteen apparatus except those approved by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Inerteen has an Irritating effect upon the skin. If it is necessary to handle it, see the caution note on the title page. It should be remembered that mineral oil is completely miscible with Inerteen; in fact, it is impossible to separate mineral oil and Inerteen. 11. Neutralization number: Less than 0.01 of NaOH/gram 12. Pour Point: (Maximum) plus 2 F (mintis 19C) 13. Refractive index: At 77F (25C), 1.624 to 1.626 14. Specific gravity: At 60F /60F (I5 .5 0C/l-5.5O , 1381 to 1392 Specific Characteristics o f Inerteen As outlined in "Method o f Testing Askarels A.S.T.M. D 901/' the specific characteristics of Inerteen are: 1. Bum point: None 15. Density: 11.5 pounds per gallon 16. Viscosity: At 100F (37.8C), 82-92 seconds 17. Moisture: (Maximum) 35 ppm j 2. Chemical stability: No generation o f free HANDLING chlorides under normal operating conditions 3. Color: (Maximum) 100 A.P.H. 4* C onditio*;. Clear ^ -- * a.** ^. r*. jp CAUTION Inerteen is a skin irritant. Unnecessary con tact ^?ith the hqaid or hs vapor particularly NPC00031207 758469 r NEV, UNUSED TRANSFORMER-TYPE ASKARELS FEBRUARY, 197$ PREPARED BY THE INSULATING FLUIDS SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE IEEE TRANSFORMERS COMMITTEE v' f NPC00036711 763852 * I . S COPE ANO INTRODUCTION CONFIDENTIAL This s p e c ific a tio n covers bulk shipment in tank cars and drums o f new, s y n th e tic , nonflammable e le c tr ic a l in s u la tin g liq u id s o f the c h lo rin a te d arom atic type known as a skarels which are used as In s u la tin g and co o lin g media in l i q u i d - f i l l e d tra n sfo rm e rs. While th is s p e c ific a tio n is intended to cover the composi tio n and ch a ra cte r 1 s tics o f a skarels fo r purchase only and does not apply to liq u id s In apparatus, o number o f discontinued types are Included fo r purposes of I dent I f le e t Ion end h is t o r ic a l sign Ific a n c e . 2. DEFINITtOf 2.1 - A tk .r e l is a re n e rlc term d e s c rib in g a w id e ly used bro id class of nonflammable s y n th e tic haiogeneted hyd ocarbon In s u la tin g liq u id s . A sksrels o f various compos I t onel types are used. Undar a rcin g co n d itio n s the gases produced, w h ile c o n s is tin g o f predom inantly noncombustible hydrogen c h lo rid e , can in clu de varying amounts o f com bustible gases dapending upon the askarel type. 3 . CAUTION 3.1 Transformer askarels contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) considered by many to be an environmental con- tem inent. Proper handling and disposat procedures should be exercised to prevent t h e ir en try In to the environment. Such procedures a e covered In tne IEEE Guide fo r Acceptance and Ma ntenence o f Transformer Askarel In Equipment, S td. 7 -197*, end In the American N ational Standard, G uidelines fo r Handling end Disposal o f Capacitor - and Transformer - Grade Askarels Containing P o ly c h lo rin a te d D iphenyls, C107.1 (197*). * k . SAMPLING AND METHODS Of TEST 1.1 * The m a te ria l s h a ll be sampled In accordance w ith ASTM Method 0923, Sampling E le c tr ic a l In s u la tin g L iq u id s , end te s ts s h a ll ba conducted In accordance w ith the methods of rest listed In Table II. 5. COMPOSITION 5*1 * Askarels covered by th is s p e c ific a tio n ere of severe) types which ere m ixtures having the approximate com p o s itio n s In weight per cent as shown In Table 1. Seme types o f askarels ere Included fo r Id e n tific a tio n end h is t o r ic a l s ig n ific a n c e . The components end respective percentages ere d e s c rip tiv e of the m a te ria ls In common use and are not Intended as p e rt o f th is s p e c ifle e tlo n which Is based on the p h y s ic a l, chemical end e le c t r ic a l properties given In Table I I . Jfc NPC00036712 763853 II * i TABLE I confidential ASKAREL COMPONENTS IN WEIGHT PEP CENT COMPONENTS Type A Type B Type C Type O Type E YP F t YP< Commerci a l l y val lab le as of \37k Hexachloroblphenyl ( I ) f P e n ta c h lo ro b lphenyl No 60 NO 65 No Yes Yes No Yi 70 65 6( T ri c h lo ro b lphenyl 80 100 T rI ch Iorobenzene ^**^ <0 30 Ui Tr i -te tra ch lo ro b a n ze n e ^) Phenoxypropene oxide ( 6) 0 .18 co 0.22 55 D iepoxide-type compound (7) 0.115 to 0.135 20 55 0.18 co 0 .1 8 co 0.22 0.22 0.115 to 0.135 0.115 0. t to to 0.135 0 .1 } Note ( 1 ) : Biphenyl c h lo rin a te d to a c h lo rin e concent o f 60 weight per cent -- predominantly hexachloroblphenyl but containing s ig n ific a n t amounts higher and lower c h lo rin a te d biphenyls. Note ( 2 ) : Biphenyl c h lo rin a te d to a c h lo rin e content o f 56 weight per cent -- predominantly pentechloroblphenyl but containing s ig n ific a n t amounts higher and lower c h lo rin a te d biphenyls. Note ( 3 ) : Biphenyl c h lo rin a te d to a c h lo rin e content of 62 w eight per cent -- predominantly trIc h lo ro b lp h e n y l but containing s ig n ific a n t amounts o higher and lower c h lo rin ated biphenyls. Note ( 6 ) ; B a s ic a lly a m ixture o f Isomers o f t r l chlorobenzene b ut w ith smaller amojnts o f benzene c h lo rin a te d to other degrees. Note ( 5 ) : Approximately a m ixture o f the Isomers o f trichlorobenzene (73* by w eight) and te tr a c h l orobenzene (27* by w eight) but w ith sm e lle r hints of benzene ch lo rin a te d to other degrees. Note ( 6 ) : G lyeIdyl-phenyl e th e r. Note ( 7 ) : 3 6-poxycyclohexy1methy I - 3 . 6-lpoxycyc1ohexaneca rboxy I a te 6 . DETAIL BEQUIBEHENTS Asteareis fo r use In transform ers s h a ll conform to the ra q u irements prescribed in Table I I . NPC00036713 763854 TABLE II OKTAIL REQUIREMENTS FOR ASKAAELS FOB TRANSFt PROPERTY Type A Type B T-y p * c A c id ity . mgK0H/g, max. 0.0 Ik C o lo r, APHA, mix. 150 C o n d itio n Clear C h lo rid e s , in o rg a n ic , ppm, max. 0.1 D ie le c tr ic C on.tent 100C and 1 kH: 3.7 <o k.O D ie le c tr ic bre>kdown vo lra g e , kV, min. 35 F ire p o in t 11' None to B oiling Pour p o in t, *C, max. -32 R e fra c tiv e Index 2*C 1.6130 to 1.615k R e s is tiv ity a t 1OOC. 500 Vd-c, ohm-cm, m in. (2) 100x10* Scavenger co n te nt, per cent Phenoxypropena oxide 0.18 to 0.22 01e poxide-type compound S p e c ific G ra vity 15*56*0 V is c o s ity , Saybolt U niversal, s a t 37.8C "Is c o s lty , kinem atic cSt a t 3 7 .BC 1.560 to 1.568 52 to 56 8.0 to 9.2 0.01k 150 Clear 0.1 3.8 to k.3 0.01k 150 Clear 0.1 k.k to k.9 C 0. k. k.V 35 None to B o ilin g -kk 1.6068 to 1.6088 35 3`. None to Nona B o llin g Boi 1 -30 -30 1.61k6 1.616, to to 1.6166 1.6193 100x10* lOOxlO9 100x10* o .n s to 0-135 1.560 to 1.571 0.115 to 0.135 1 .k l2 to 1.425 0.18 to 0.22 o 1.518 to 1.528 DIE kl to k5 k. to 5.8 50 to 56 to 55 61 7.k to 9.2 to 8.9 10.6 D88 Dkk5 C o e ffic ie n t o f thermal expans io n ' 3 ; ( C *3 /c 3 /*c Water c o n te n t, ppm, max. 0.0007 30 A c id ln y ; mgKOH/g, max. C olor. APHA, m x , ConditIon C h lo rid o t, In o rg an ic, ppm, max. Diele< t r i e constant a t I00C and 1 kHx D ie le c t r ic breakdown v o lta g e , kV, min. Fire P o in tU ) 0.0007 30 iso Clear 0.1 k.7 to k .9 . 35 Hone to to llin g 0.0007 0.0007 01903 30 30 01533 ASTA T e s t, Method (k) TfH w w ; MKk 150 150 D2I29 Clear Clear (Visual) 0.1 0.1 01821 k .5 to k .3 to D92k k.9 k.6 35 35 0177 None to Nona to B o llin g B o llin g 092 i NPC00036714 763855 TABLE n - (Cont` d) property Pour P o i n t , *C, max. R e fra c tiv e Index $ 25"C R e s is tiv ity a t 100C, 500 V d -c , ohms-cm, min. Scavenger co n te nt, par cant Phenoxypr pane oxide 01epoxide type compound % Il l_ L n -Ik 1 .6 2 HO to ! .6260 o 100xl0" -k2 1.6060 to 1.6070 q 100x10** -3t ) .6 tc 1 .61 100x1 0.18 to 0.22 0.115 to 0.135 0.115 to 0.135 S p e cific G riv ity ? I5.54*C V is c o s ity , Seybolt U niversal, s a t 37.6C 1 .381 to 1.392 82 to 92 1.522 to 1.532 39 to 43 1.502 to 1.517 kk to 46 V is c o s ity , kinem atic, cST a t 37.8C C o e ffic ie n t o f thermal expansion^) c * 3/cm 3/- C Water c o n te n t, ppm, max. 14.2 to 18.4 0.0007 30 4.0 to 5.3 0.0007 30 5.5 to 6.8 0.0007 30 Not ( I ) : When te s tin g foi f i r e p o in t, a pseudo-flash may I observed; d if f e r not I coal ly from tha Mash obtained on coibustible etv and I t not in d ic a tiv e of a f i r e hdsard. Note ( 2 ) : I f more convenient, a measurement o f power fa c to '' may be made b ASTH Method 092*, Test fo r Power Factor and O le le c tr ic C onstant of E le c tric a l In su latin g Liquids, In place o f th i r e s i s t i v i t y measurement. T h e o retical considerations in d ic a te and experiment confirms th a t a strong s t a t is t ic a l c o rre la tio n exi st s between power fa c to r a rd r e s i s t i v i t y ; however, other fa c to rs m o d ify in p ra c tic e the preci se re la tio n s h ip predicted by theory, a power fa c to r a t 40 M; and I0OC th a t Is not In excess o f IS p a r c a n t s h e ll be cons It tra d s a tis fa c to r y , Mote ( 3 ) : These ere approximate values Included fo r Inform ation onl y. Hota ( A ) ; Those designations r e fe r to te s t methods under the jurisdiction f Committee 027 on E le c tr ic a l In s u la tin g Liquids and Gases of the American Society fo r Testing end M a te ria ls . NPC00036715 763856 A series of talks presented at the Westinghouse Distribution Apparatus Division to state and local officials on . April 13, 1976 N P C 0 0 0 3 6 7 16 763857 Wh PCBs in Electrical E ^ ip m e n t^ ^ , by * D. M. Sauter, General Manager Distribution Apparatus Division ^ %% % Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bloomington, Indiana or over cq years. electrical manu in a smeller sense. For example, a always been used on fluorescent facturers have used targe quantities capacitor can be epplied at the elec lights. of polychlorinated biphenyl com trical load to supoly a portion of the Electricity creates corona. Corona pounds (PCBs) for production of current required by motors end are smell impulses similar to light electrical capacitors and trans transformers. By placing capacitors ning. If these impulses arc allowed formers. PCBs have excellent die at the electrical load end of the to build up. they will flashover and lectric properties and fireproof char transmission and distribution line, cause a significant short circuit To acteristics. Therefore, the unique the current it not required to flow control corona, a liquid is generally combination of good electrical end through the transmission line. Leaf added to the other dry dielectrics. safety properties when used in elec currant means high efficiency of the This liquid suppresses or restrains trical equipment are Key reasons eiectncal system, improved effi the electrons caused by the corona. why PCBs have not been replaced ciency means that lees oil. less gas It allows electrical equipment then over this ao-yeer time span. and lets coal is required to get the to withstand hundreds of thousands For the moment lets explore the electrical power to each home, or of volts without failure. elactricel system end the use of industrial plant Capacitors have In 1932. the introduction of chlori capacitors end transformers in the helped make U.S. Power Systems nated eerometic hydrocarbon electrical system. The United States the world's most efficient impregnating compounds (Asxarets s crisscrossed by thousands of Large eaoacitors are used in high- or PCBs) allowed the electrical lestricef transmission lines. These voltage electrical systems. Smaller industry to use this material because lines act as a vehicle and carry capacitors are epplied in tetevieion of its high dielectric easabilities. end electrical power from the source of sets, fluorescent lights, air condi its important heat-resistant proper power, the electrics! generator, to tioners. end in many of the motors ties that made it nonflammable. large urban areas, or to centralized and circuits used in industrial plants Since then. PC6s served for years as areas within rural districts. The and commercial buildings. These a successful fire-resistant trans electric power is then distributed to alternating-current capacitors ere former and capacitor coolant and homes, offices, factories end farms. epplied at voltages from 110 volts (a insulator. Although the transformer is normal house voltage) to 500.000 Most of the transformers used in extremely efficient in performing volts (a high-transmission voltage). the United State* us* mineral oil as its function of raising voltages end Capacitors were first used in n insulating and cooling medium. permitting power to be transmitted power systems in the 1930a. During However, mineral oils have one over long distances, iossas do occur World War II. the electric utilities serious drawback, they ere flam in me transformer end along the begin to buy cebtcitors in targe mable. Where transformer failures transmission line, as the current amounts. The reason is that capaci may cause fires end explosions flows through these circuits. How tors involved less critical material threatening life end property. the ever. ail is not lost bacauae the and provided the simplest way to us* of mineral oil is restricted. Fire cececitor provides the way of increase the efficient use of avail underwriters will not allow the use of improving efficiency xd ell of our able electrical* energy. flammable liquids for transformers electrical systems. A capacitor has Since then, there have been located indoors, m congested areas, the seme effect as the generator only increased applications of capacitors large buildings sueh as the Worio worldwide. Moreover, the recent Trad* Building. Sears Tower, hes- energy shortage has again focused pitals. schools, or homes. In these attention on improving the efficient instances, tne transformer is tilled use of electricity. For instance, with a nonflammable PCS. capacitors ere applied on additional end-use devices, such as washing machines, microwave evens, room f ir conditioners, television sets. etc. Capacitors and transformers have- NPC00036717 763858 In everv'instance. the transformer Since 1972. the uae of PC3s in tr.z/or me cacactor must have the other areas has been diacontinued id iiity 10 cncuc: the currant and to so mat presently transformers and insulate pars of the equipment from capacitors represent the only appli me alternating current. This ttoitiry cation for these ehemicals. Recently, tc insulate portions of Itself from the it has been proposed that PCS mix alternating current is called the tures be eliminated in our electrical dielectric strength. equipment as well. The next speaker Today. capacitors are widely dis- will show you a capacitor, demon persed throughout our total environ strate flammability and investigate ment. Capacitors are located on various alternate measures which power lines, in factories, in buildings re being tested for phasing out or anc in our own homes. The insula substitution. tion system of ever/ alternating- current capacitor employ PCSs to prevent the saturated paper, film and aluminum eor.duetor from becoming a hazard if the eapacitor fails. It nas been the industry's experience that capacitors generally have less life then a transformer. Transformers generally last from 20 to 30 years. Depending on its tp p li- estion. cspscitors last from 5 to 12 yesrs. A more dettiled discussion of ths prooenies recuired of a caoacitor dielectric fluid will be discussed later when we talk about substitutes. In summary then, we can see that the present proposal to eliminsts PCSs from the environment will have a direct bearing on ths use of all alternating-current capacitors in ths U.S. and on the use of trans formers in high-risk sress. So. poly chlorinated Oipnenyis have found acceptance in our electrical system* sines they provide safety to the con suming public and to workars in industry. In addition, this electrical equipment permits our country to manage all of its energy sources efficiently. If PCSs a rt eiiminttsd without suitable alternates, energy use in this country, would climb by acoroxirr.atsiy 10 peresnt This snergy increase will cost the con sumer of electricity $100 million a week. ?i,, / v " \~'j*.'. W Wo. NPC00036718 763859 a Power Capacitors by J. B. Brittain, Manager Engineering Distribution Apparatus Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bloomington, Indiana I will talk for a few minuta* aboutheat, are applied to remove all the thra aspects of power capacitors. moisture trom the material. The First, what a power capacitor is and tightly sealad impregnator is than how they are manufactured. Next, a flooded, and tha capacitor is filled discussion of what a PCS is. and with PCS. The stainless steel can is last, seme alternates to PCS*. saaled. and the capacitor is complete. Everyone these days saams to be discussing PC8s. I would like to take few minutes now and explain what a PCS is and point out the feet that there are different kinds of PGSa. As mentioned. PCS stands for Polychlorinated Biphenyl. This beaker contains e PCS. ft looks and feels like any good grade of hignly refined oiL ntted biphenyl, or PCS. Chlorine atoms can be added to these rings at different places and in various combinations. Each one of the com pounds formed is called an isomer of e polychlorinated biphenyl. There are 209 such isomers. My purpose in developing a PCS in this way is to give you a concapt of how a PCS it made and to demonstrate the fact that all PCBs a rt not the tame. Environmentally, our concern is whether or not PCBs are biode gradable. Biodegradability Is related to t ie number of chlorine atoms, or the vnount of chlorination of the biphenyl compound. For a few moments. I would like to take you back to your oays of high school physics (Slide 1). A capacitor is usually represented as shown on this slide. Alt capacitors consist of two metallic plates one on each tide of an insulator which is known as a dielectric. In the capacitors manu factured here, the two metallic platas are thin aluminum foil, end the dielectric it a high grade of kraft paper and polypropylene film. These elements are wound into sec tions similar to the one shown here. They are then bended together into groups of sections. The individual sections are then connected together for the prooer voltage rating and piaeed inside a stainless steel can. The two bushings located on too. are there to bring the elec trical connection to the outside of the can. The d r/ capacitor in a can. si as this, is ptacec inside of a vaujum imsregnator. This is a large ehamoer eoout one-half me size of tnia room. The impregnetor can be heated, arc a mgn degree oTvlcuum s colies to it. For several days alternate cycles of vacuum, and In order to illustrate what a PCB is. P M l I will again have to take you back For example, biphenyls with five to your high school days, this time chlorine atoms eno above are the In chemistry. most non biodegradable. Monsanto, The first diagram Hlustrites e ben who is tha only manufacturer of zene molecule. It is e six-sided car biphenyls in the United States, bon ring with e hydrogen atom designate their compounds by num attached at each of the comers. If by ber as shown on this slide. Note that chemical process, two of these ben the compound called 125* which zene rings ere joined together, we was usad in eaoacitors until the mid obtain whet is called a biphenyl fifties. has a percent of pentachloh- molecule. Again by chemical treat nated bionenyis and higner isomers ment. we can repiaca one of tha of 77 percent 1242 which suc hydregan atoms by a chlorine atom. ceeded 125a contains only 9 percent This then makes a mono-chlorinated of the pentachiorinated biphenyls biphenyl. If we replece another and higher tsomers. When the ques hydrogen atom by a chlorine atom, tion of PCBs in the environment sur- we obtain a di-chlorinate.d biphengj. tjic e d the tetter pen of the i960* and In this stage, me compound could early 1970s. Monsanto daveicped a also be referred to as a potychiori- new liquid which they Ccucnattd as NPC00036719 :1k 763860 CONFIDENTIAL i 1016. 1016 greatly reduced the l strate the best properties, we then to demonstrae this difference. If - \ . amount ofth e higher chlorinated make lull-size capacitors end run take a piece of the tissue paper tre molecules. Note that 1016 contains them on accelerated tests. If tests which a capacitor is made, fold it t \ only one percent of pentaehlori- arc successful, we then build a saturate it with the liquid being ` nated Biphenyl* and higher isomer*. numbar of units and install them on tested, and then strike a maten to ! In ether words, the PCS that we use our customers systems. With our the PCB will flare up and start to contains SS percent of the more bio customer's cooperation we then burn. However, it will immediate; [ degradable isomers. We started evaluate the capacitors' perfor go out. If we take any other kno* \ using this material in capacitors the mance. alternate fluid today, and make a i moment it became available. Also, A number of fluids have been similar test, the papsr and the flu \ steps were taken to reduce the found which exhibit all of the will continue to bum until it is all amount of PC8s escaping from tha requirements previously outlined consumed. j plant. This will be discussed later by except for sa/ery. There is no known Now, whet does this mean to yc | MV Sawyer. Mr. Kerns will discuss fluid today that will make a good and to the public in general. In yo< some of the environmental relation capacitor, containing the Are-resis own home, if you have a window a ) ships of these compounds. tant properties of PCBs. A number of conditioner or a central air condi alternate fluids have been proposed tioner, it probably contains s sma ` by Monsanto. Oow Chemical. capacitor made out of PCBs. You< What are Alternates to PCBs Shizuki in Japan, the General Elec washing machine also probably tric Company, the Sun Oil Com contains s eipaeitor made with pany. and others. Some of these PCBs. Your fumaca may have a will make better capacitors than capacitor containing PCBs. If you j. others. Some are more readily avail have some fluorescent lights, they * able than others. Some are more prooebly contain a capacitor with economical than others. B ut the PCBs. Your television set will one key drawback is that not ona of probably contain a capacitor made tham are as fire resistant as PC8. with PCBs. Yet. I would say that nc Our cart for safety is the primary one in this room has aver known of a reason that wa have not switched Are caused when one of thosa to a fluid other than PCBs by now. capacitors failed. If the capacitor In 1974 we settled upon an alter industry switched to the-only alter nate fluid which wa designated as nate fluids known today, when one * PChs were introduced in 1929 and F982. This fluid had competitive of thosa caoacttors fail, they could presently no one has developed a flammability characteristics but did vary wall start a fire. Today, the fluid tnat has all the desira&ie prop not have the excellent flammability entire capacitor Industry would like * erties of PCBs for making a power characteristics of a PCB. We to discontinue the use of PCBs capacitor. With 0 years of experi decided, however, that if PCBs were because of environmental concerns. ence in caoedtors. Westlnghouse has evaluated alternate fluids, as shown on this slide. In scrutinizing the various pos eliminated and we had to go to an alternate fluid, that we would use this fluid In spite of its poorer flam mability characteristics. We reached However, the potential fire naza/d m homes, schools, hospitals, and busi nesses could well be more Mnous than the problem we are trying to sible fluids to design and produce a point In tha development schedule correct. good capacitor, we were extremely * and built units lor customer field I hope this will give you a lime sensitive in selecting a fluid that had testing. After another review of the better ides of what a PCB is anc now no environmental problems. A prime handling of this fluid in a large quan wa use them in this plant and * tn cheracteristic of tha fluid is that H tity. we decided that because of capacitor industry. must make a reliable long-lasting safety we did not want to expose our capacitor, and the faBura rate must workers to the fluid. be low. Any fluid selected must be You must remember that at this caoabte of being handled with min point, we had around one-quarter imum danger to employes. Another of a million dollars invested In this most important consideration is that alternate fluid. We then renewed the eaoacitor must be sele in per our search for a fluid. Today we have forming it* function. Tha fluid must settled on another fluid, safer to han be readily available and it must have dle. but with inferior flammability reasonable cost. characteristics than PCBs. We have After s number of tentative ftuics designated this fflrid S I7 and arc .re selected, we then make a small presently constructing capacitors cacacitor similar to the type that it for Held tests. We have spent over in. youf-hena-air conditioner!Ex - one-half million cottars in arriving hibit R&D Capacitor). These are run at this point ` *** w u n c tr accelerated test conditions to I have talked about the difference evaluate failure rate. life. etc. After in flammability between PCBs and one or two candidate fluids demon alt alternate fluids. I would now like `Tcni NPC00036720 763861 Environmental Relationships of PCS Compounds by B. A. Kerns, Manager Environmental Control Westinghouse Electric Corporation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania $ ment plant) show significant altera tions in tha Arocior 1016 distribution but little for Arocior 1254. Passage of PCBs through acti vated sludge hes shown that 33 per cent of Arocior 1016 degrades per fony-eight-hour cycle with a semi- continuous treatment method. This compares favorably, since 25 per cent of Arocior 1242 degrades in forty-eight hours, and IS percent of Arocior 1254 degraces in forty-eight As you havt already hoard today, thara ara 209 possibia homologs of Pr Bs. Tha mixtures of PCBs used t .it electrical distribution equipmant industry tor tha past forty-five ytars include Arocior 1260. 1254. 1242. and 1016. Prasantly Wastinghoust uses only Arocior 1016 for capacitors and Arocior 1242 for transformers. Tha basic dtfferencas in these materials is in tha degree of chlorination. For example: 1. Arocior 12S4 contains54 per cent by weight chlorine and is primarily 77 percent five chlorine atoms and higher. hours. Results of additional tasti with Arocior 1016 showed that treat ment for fourteen days reduces the various mixtures in 1016 from 17 to more then 96 percent More on this later. These tests have led to the conclu sion that Arocior 1016 is sufficiently biodegradable to remain in con trolled usage. Most analytical data for PCBs utiliza chromotography. This is a device to analyze a micro-sample of the material which is infected into a column or coil of tubing under con trolled conditions of temperature, infection rate end volume. The 2. Arocior 1242 has 42 percent heated column selectively releases chlorine and is only percent etch isomer. The release is recorded five chlorine atoms and higher. on a chart. Slide 1. 2 and 3 show 3. Arocior 1016 contains 41 per typical charts or chromotograms for cent chlorine and is only one Arocior 1016. 1242 and 1254. The percent five chlorine atoms and horizontal axis indicata! tim i while the vertical axis represents the amount prasent The total amount of PCBs prssant is determine e? integrating or measuring the e n t under the curves. You w*n note met while A/eclor 1016 and 12*2 en>e<t similar retention times. A/octo* ' TV* shows s much grsattr retention due to its higher chlonnsoo* ene higher molecular weight Shoe No * higher. shows the small difference* be For the DOtychlorinattfB-btphenyl materials, the Ibvel ot chlorination apoears to be the most significant factor in their relative biodegradabil ity. The rite of biodegradability d* ` eases as the number of chlorine at is ser bicnenyl molecule increases. Chromatograms (which 111 explain in a minute) representing tween 1016 and 1242. Nose ee*tionel peaks from tims 70 on also showing some nig no* ew s n * tion and higher molecule/ s^ m These data on degreoeuon j m tha complexity experience *-** oping analytical tools to cc*-ec> identify and quantify the mtsm*** c< PCBa used within our ow* pients <c samples after exposure to ectivated ua to conclude that mamr * hs sludge (as used tor example in the tjgeneies suoervising PCS i<NNt City of Bloomington sewage treat si* t ere arriving at erroneous re*** './J - , m NPC00036721 763862 even available for the last two or three years--1246, etc.) given to rats and monkeys had dctnmental effects. However, little work was carhsd out using concentrations as found in the environment. Another critical factor, often overlooked, is that rasidual PCS levels in the fat tissues of animals do decrease raotdly. following the cessation of expesure to PCBs (Set slide No.6). For example. analytical cata pro* vrded to Westinghcuse by agencies in Indiana snow amounts of Aroclor 1016 in waters and in fish which csuld not possibly be there from degradation. In addition, the analyses for PCSs in fish used the whole fish. More commonly, how ever, only the edible portions are analyxed. allowing a correction fee* tor of about four. In other words, the amount of PCSs in the whole fish Fish found to contain the highest should be divided by four to arrive levels of PCBs were the bottom at the concentration in the edible dwelling scavengers such as eatfish. portion. carp and eel. The game fish showed It seems incongruous that PCS much lower levels. Factually, in sur standards are being imposed using veys carried out between 1973 and as background information an 1975 in Lake Michigan, the number analytical technique which was non of fish found to contain PCBs existent five years ago and is decreased. Moreover, we ere prasently, at best, questionable. An unaware of any study to measure analytical technique wnich stretches PCS content in fUh after cooking. technology to the limit end shows Cocking should remove fat and fat error ranges up to plus or minus 50 containing PCBs from edible fish. percent How can reasonable replies Presently EPA hes agreed to carry to these important questions be out studies on the effects of Aroclors answered, using inaccurate end/or 1016 and 1242. Thesedata should be nonexistent data. available within 12 to 18 months. We In November, 1975. the cPA held a feel that these studies will show a conference on PCBs in Chicago. At dramatically reduced environmental this meeting, many papers were pre effect from these lower homologs-- sented on research studies, under effects that allow a timely and SPA supervision and support, to orderly conversion to other dielec determine the effect of PCBs on fish tric fluids that will not causa severe and animals, it was unfortunate that penalties in safety and energy use. practically all experiments, at that time, wars conducted using Aroclor 1254. This material has not been used in Westinghoqjui transformers since 1968: because of its nonbio* degradaoility and its possible detri mental affects on the environment Importantly. Aroclor 1254 has never been used in the Bloomington plant While a few screening studies wars arned out by SPA on Aroctor 1242. no studies on the use of Aroclor 1016 had been planned at th e tjifn e .... . ' Tn addition, most of the d a tr reported at this meeting indicated that massive doses of PCBs (not NPC000367 22 763863 Manufacturing by R. B. Sawyer, Manager Manufacturing Planning Distribution Apparatus Division Westinghouse Electric Corporation Bloomington, Indiana The xpo-oach taken to reduce dis- cannot escape into the sanitary or pumps that use water as a seal. As charges of Aroclor into the environ* storm sewer. the chambers are heated up, the ment nas been to abate the amount Now then, the assembled capac film of fluid on the wall vaporizes, of Aroclor that would come into con itor units are pieced inside vacuum goes into the pumps, condenses in tact with water. In the late sixties chamoers to remove all the air and the water which runs into the sani and early seventies, when the poten moisture from the units, as dis tary sewer. The capacitor units ere tial problem wee identified, there cussed by Mr. Brittain. These cham hung on an overhead conveyor sys was no demonstrated technology, or bers are about 4 feet wide. 5 feet tem which takes the units through t means, to remove the very small high, and 30 feet long. These im- water and soap washing m achine- amounts of Aroclor that might be pregnators are completely sealed something like a car wash. The rinse contained in the water. Because of end under vacuum. After removing watar, which contains some of the this, we addressed ourselves to the the moisture and air. each vacuum film of fluid that was on the outside task of reviewing our manufacturing chamber is filled with fluid from the of the can. flows into the sanitary procedures to determine what overhead storaga tanka. The fluid sewer. actions should be taken to prevent flows into the top of the capacitor As stated earlier, we know of no t* ' contact with water. Let me and completely fills the unit with way to remove the Aroclor from a ,,tain what we have dene. Aroclor. This is allowed io soak water. So. in 1970 we started looking W use relatively large quantities awhile, end then the excess Aroclor at the various alternatives that would of this material, from 75.000 to la pumped from the chambers into prevent the Aroclor from making 150.000 gallons per year, depending another group of storage tanks. The contact with the water. In other upon the number and si2e of capac excess is pumped beck through the words, we needed to keep the ovens itor units made. Our first concern purifiers and back up into the pure dry. or trsp the vapors prior to water was to make sure that large quanti storage tanks. The floor drams in contact Moreover, we needed to ties could not escape into the this entire tree are sealed off. keep the outside of the capacitors environment. I wish to explain to you The capacitors are removed from dry. or find a different way to dean how we handle and use this mate the ovens and placed on rotlar con the capacitors. We concluded that rial in our operation. veyors. Lfnder the roller conveyors the Ideal way was to ktep the fluid The fluid is received in 8.000- drip trays were installed to catch the in e sealed/plumbers delight/system gallon railroad tank cars. When the fluid that dripped off the outside of --don't let it make contact with the tank ear arrives, the fluid is pumped the capacitor can. We also put floor oven walls or the outside of the into two large storage tanks located dry or sawdust under the drip trays capacitor can. We identified a way to on the outside of the plant To make to soak up any fluid that might get accomplish this and called it the sure that the fluid could not escape, through these treys. This will be dis manifold fill system. The assembled in the remote event that a tank rup cussed later. The fill hole on top of capacitors are put in d r/ vacuum tured. we built a concrete dike the eepecitor le sealed by means of e ovens to remove the water from the around the storage tanks. plug and soidjr.^ capacitor u n it Then the capacitor Then, the Aroclor is pumped from the storage tanks to treatment ecuipment inside the plant Here we remove any minute particles that might contaminate the fluid. After treatment, the oure fluid is pumped ir six storage tanks above the imoregnators. To maka sura that none of tms materiel escapes (in the avara of an accident or tanfc-tup- - At this point In the manufacturing cycle, we ere faced with two situa tions: 1. The inside walls of the vacuum chambers have a film of Aroclor on them. 2. The outside of the caoacitor has film of Aroclor that muat _be removed prior to painting;. units are removed from the oven. Each unit is connected with a sealed host connection. A vacuum is pumped on etch unit tc remove the air. Then the unit is filled through this hose connection. We spent e quarter of s million col lars on this protect. Some modifica tions were made to improve the operation, and we had some minor ture), we sealed all me floor drainsin Part of the vacuum cycta m tht> teenyo to do. Good progress was this area. Larga quantities of Aroclor vacuum chamoers is done with fnade in reducing our small cis- ^ -;w m bs NPC00036723 763864 e n a c ts 2y later 197a, w t had ^ .ut trators designed foMhis materia.. not have been proven in a produc 95 oe-rent cf our oroouction on in Also htva ih ip o e d ld itd Vrsitcs. tion environment. In any even;. * .m ar.ifoid fill process. failed capacitors, saw dust. etc., to eipeet to reduce discharges, but Cun to our cismay, in lt 197a scientific landfills. Landfills that will not happen overnight. As our re ear:v 1575. resorts from me are designed and controlled to plans are formulated, we will be fieic ircicatsd very serous duality handle unique wastes of this type. reviewing them with the aoprooriat prestem. Units filled by the manifold Our customers have been advised agencies. Others will be kept titling process were failing in service by instructions lo the field and with advised of our progress in tech a: hearty twice the failure rate of nameplates on the capacitors that nology. We will remain constantly flcoced units. Worse yat. many of tha users of these capacitors alert to techniques others might me failures wer* catastrophic. That needed to take the same precautions develop to improve our own is. some cars were rupturing when in disposing of failed and/or obso processing. they fai*ec anC. consequently, lete units. rtie a s ir; more Aroclor into the Professional paople from our environment. We investigated the plant snared this knowledge and procam anC conduced that i: was experience with other manufac pcsside tc have minute pockets of turers and users. Mr. Wills wlfl be air cr vapor inside a capacitor sec* telling you of our work in establish tlon wnen it was procassed with this ing voluntary standards for handling CONFIDENTIAL system. When this happened and PCS*. wnen the unit was in service for a faw Over the years, we have invested months, the film and paper would research and development time and break down wherever there may be money to improve capacitor designs eir or vapor pockets. and manufacturing technologies. Certainly, customers could not The object was and is to use less and and would not tolerate this exeat* leas Aroclor to produce capacitor aive failure rate, nor could they tote* units and still maintain an equiva rate the excesahr catastrophic rup lent performance. ture failures with aneneant risks to Let's review whet has happened peooie. As a reliable supplier, we did since 1970. At the start of 1970. we not want this situation and did not were producing capacitor units, want PCSs entering the environ called Mark I series. Ouring 1970. we ment ucon failure. We returned to introduced the Mark II senes of the proven method of flooding the capacitor units. These units used units .uncer a vacuum in the cham 42 percent lass Aroclor then usee in bers. me Mark I. In 1973. we introduced In mid-1971, we changed fiuics me Mark III end Mark IV series. from Aroclor 1242 to Arodor 1016. These units required 26 percent less The significance of this change was Aroclor than used in me Mark It covered by Mr. Kama. units. In June of this year, we will In 1970 and 1971. we reviewed our introduce the Mark V series. The practices on waste disposal. In our Mark V will use approximately 20 manufacturing process, we gen percent less material than used in erate some liquid waste--Aroclor me Mark IV. Significantly over a six- from the drip trays that it so con year period we reduced the amount taminated with impurities that we of Aroclor per capacitor rating by 66 cannot dean it up. Pump oils also percent. become contaminated with me Aro We ere now faced with the prob dor. In addition, floor dry, sawdust lem of discharges from me water paoer towels, solid wests from the seel pumps and from the washer. purifier, etc., piek up A /odor in me Our first attempt to correct this filling area. Further, we have some problem failed. However, we are units mat fail on flncr-tasting opera working dft the problem and again tions. We htve not been able to reviewing the alternatives, end will repair many of these failed units, and take another approach--hopefully, we have net been able to reclaim with considerably more success me hignly contaminated Arcelor. men the lest attempt. prior tc 1371. these wattes were Our basic objective is to prevent taced in ;ocal landfills. This was a the Aroclor from coming into con- f potential sretiem. Therefore, tinea tact with the water. We will be *y p l9 7 l. cur tiquidjwastef.gaye.beefi exploring new technology some of / 1 StippedTtTdbmpin** merhav * -wnien may have been proverUn a approved :hrma[ oxidation incmer- laboratory environment, but may . m , :. w ` NPC000367 24 763865 Voluntary and Regulatory Control by R. E. Wills, Jr., Attorney Westinghouse Electric Corporation Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania At the prtsent time the us anti Guidelines for plant housekeep trol the discharges of polychion- control of PCos net resulted from ing, bulk fluid thioment. receiving nated feipnenyls under the provi voluntary actions fey industry. After end transfer, employe safety, con sions of Section 307(a) of the Fed four years unaer the Federal Water trol of water effluent, labeling and eral Water Pollution Act Amend Pollution Control Act Amendment scrap disposal procedures are sig ments of 1972. This method of con (FWPCA) of 1972. the U.S. EPA has nificant areas covered by the Official trol seems to be a proper procedure, not estaclishec justifiable standards Standard Proposal. Further, the because regulations that develop for the discharge of PCBs based guide iisted known fecilitfee with wifi be based on complete scientific upon an adecuate basis, i wilt set capability to incinerate PCBs. or to Information. It will not subject indus forth the activities Westing nouse maintain regulated chemical and try to inconsistent or unrealistic and the electrical manufacturing scientific landfill area. requirements. Thus, on December industry have taken since 1970. After Furthermore, the proposal recom 27,1973. the EPA proposed effluent which l will review these actions mended that PCBs used in capac limitations for tha control of PCoa. taken fey governmental bodies es itors should consist of homologs A major problem oeveiooed. how they relcte to ?C3s. and isomers of chlorinated biphenyl ever. during the course of the hear- T w* accumulation of proof, in with a low concentration of the Inga. 19. indicated that uncontrolled higher chlorinated homologs. Aro- Section 307(a) of the Act rtguired industrial abdications of polychlori d o r 1016. These guidelines were EPA to establish the basis of the nated bipnenyi compounds (PC3s) formally adopted in January. 1974, scientific information td justify trv was contaminating the environment. as an American National Standards limits set. In addition. EPA w u :o Consaeuentiy. in the absence of institute (ANSI) of standards. On consider the toxicity, tne persis federal and state action, industry April 1.1976. the U.S. EPA published tence. the biodegradability, the was required to begin appropriate e nctice of recommended disposal Importance of affective organisms, restraints. The single domestic procedures that are substantially and tha affect on organisms, of tne supplier of PCos restricted sales for in accordanca with the ANSI guide pollutant. As discussed by Mr use in only " closed-system'* elec lines. Unfortunately, the EPA did Kams. PCBs a rt a class of chem trical applications, suen as the not indicate that this guidance had icals whose individual members caoacitor demonstrated here. This already been furnished to the indus have widely differing combinations voluntary effort removed approxi trial community on their own ini of physical, chemical and b*otog*cai mately ^0 percent of the PC3s used tiative. properties. The published literature in the United States. Wesflnghouse also established dearly showed that the types of Additionally, manufacturers im preventive measures in handling Arodors that contained higher itated scecific control measures that and storage of new and scrap PCBs proportions of the five or more Mr. Sawyer covereo. However, to to prevent and/or control accidental Chlorine atoms per molecule w**e strengthen end supplement these spills ol PCBs. These techniques are more persistent in the environ ton trcl measures, the electrical similar to those that have become m ent The published data a*o sated ndustry. through the National Elec- requirements-for oil under the pro that the lower chlorinated isomer irtcel Manufacturers Association visions of Section 311 of the Federal were more rapidly meubobzed or n e m a ). stared to develop sten- Watar Pollution Control Act Amend biodegraded. Therefore, it od net cares and guides to prevent the ments of 1972. We have recently have the same accumulation poten -nadvertent loss ol PCBs to the reviewed end updated these proce tial. environment. NEMA eocropriateiy dures. and they will probably not However. EPA did no recog-2 .r.cl* c ait stages from initial recuire substantial modification these essential differences no weed mar.w.acture of PCBs to ultimate when EPA finally announces regula data related to the higher ensorw disposal. This work resulted in an tions for the control end contain nated homoiogs or isor-wrs no ndustry document Official Stan^ . _ ment of hazardous substances. some mixtures the etec'.ncai *</* card Prcccsai wn'tch was pufeiisned - The EPA has also attempted `-try he.C terminated 10 years *ec' January 25. 1973. develop regulations that would con In feet the SPA stated tnat NPC0003672S 763866 m *-tsu sis upon which znuigatb liable stanaires " woui^ h arriad out the :se nf Sectio n 3C7(*). Thr i.m no inform ation aub- c ti further show that the average daily dietary intake of PCBs is quite low and well within the margin of safety " (41 Fed. Peg. 8409, Feb. 26. resulted in subiectmg the gtneril public to increased risks of fir. In addition, these actions nave not deprived the general public of energy during tnis period of energy z m the "B a sis and P urp ost" 1976) conservation. -an*. m at ren ted to Arocior The States of Michigan and Indi vn th e u g n m a n u fa ctu re rs of ana have taken action to eliminate - i n c a p a cito rs had used this :v td m a te fia / for m ore than two Thu s, at the end of the hearing her expert witness from doth nad been examined, the pro- : lim itaticas were withdrawn. during sussecuent litigation, its of the HP a stated that the z of the proceeding would not :rt their prccosac limitations. - the conclusion of these -gs. the HPA has indicated that " tend to propose new effluent iro s for PC2s. There is no itio n that they have initiated ew studies to determine the :y and bioeegradability of zr 1016. They, however, have id the course of public sute- to use " public pressure" to ate PC2s uses as dielectric Only after these public sute- . ha- HPA begun to collect *atK on the use and n#ed of >n the United States end the :o which they are discharged * environmenL Pood and Drug Administra se took action in 1972 to limit *ount of PCBs mat may be y present in food, resulting unintentional contamination, erances were established in ' 373. This provided that the cordon of fish was limited to :en:ration of 5 ppm. Baaed cant information, the FDA la mg this tolerance limit and - t o this decision on February *. However, the FDA eleo mat: % PCBs from items, products or mate rials used in these states. Although Monsanto's ban in 1971 was volun tary. there was nothing to prevent some individuals from obtaining these compounds from overseas suopliers. Hence, these laws will effectively limit through a sliding scale of prohibition of PCB content over the next three years. Neverthe less. they recognize, as did tha interdepartmental Task Force on PCBs in 1972. that PCBs used in the electrical equipment industry con tinues to be indispensable. Accor dingly. an exemption was provided for their use in a closed system as the dielectric fluid for an electrical transformer or capacitor. This exemption is to continue until it is documented that there are available substitutes to meet performance stancards and environmenul aceaotanca. Wastinghousa concurred with tha Indiana proposal since It provides for sututory control over the use of PCBs in nonelectrical uses. It recog nizes that substitutes must be avail able to minimize the risk of fire and explosion and tha disruption of electrical service that might result if PCBs were banned before alterna tives were found. Also. Monsanto has pubficty stated that they will cease the manufacture of PCBs when there are adequate substi tutes. Westinghouse end the entire capacitor industry will be willing to work with the Indiana Board of Health to implement this law as we CONFIDENT!/!I Surveillance dau gathered ?OA anc the U.S. D e p a rt^ >nt of Agriculture subsequent :ne effective date of the nporery tderencet..-heve :w n that, with the exception have with the Underwriters Labora tory. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Deptftnient of Commerce, and the Federal Energy Administration with respect to the welfare of the general public. certain fresn water fian, the The electrical industry and Mon ser pf rC 2 s in those santo have Uken the lead in reduc c e a '..o je e : :c the tolerances ing the amount of PCBs that may -.tinuea to be sooreiic. anc enter into the environment These it there has seen an overall decisions have been based upon the z aubstamUr decline in " Criteria tharhave eventually become, cuency anc levels. These statutory requirements and have not J ' .7 NPC00036726 763867 Suggested Response to Notice of PCB Spill: Scope: Establish fact response to notice of major spill of PCB (Aroclor/Inerteen); outline action to notify authorities; indicate methods of containment; establish standard, basic information for use by those concerned; act to minimize costs, liability, loss of material. A. Incoming notice of s p ill to be directed to 1) R. 0. McClain - (812) 332-4421, Extension 273 or (812) 332-5056 (Home) 2) R. B. Sawyer - (812) 332-4421, Extension 220 or (812) 332-7461 (Home) 3) A. J. Fink - (812) 332-4421, Extension 298 or (812) 332-5775, (Home) CONFIDENTS B. Notice of s p ill w ill be provided by telephone (by one of the above 3 persons) to the following: 1) Monsanto (618) 271-5835 and B ill Moore, Akron 2) Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board (317) 633-4420 or 317) 633-5369 or (317) 633-4360 (a fte r hours) Immediately, whenever possible, n o tify the nearest downstream water user. 3) E.P.A. a) I f s p ill is North o f .S. Highway #40, Chicago (312) 353-6188 or (312) 353-5638 b) I f s p ill 1s South of U.S.Highway #40, Evansville (812) 423-6871, Extension 265 [same fo r I l l i n o i s ] 4) Illin o is 5) Westinghouse ............ " ........ ^ a) Gateway - Roger W ills , Attorney: ........ . ............. . ----- . ^ ' WIN 8-235-5815 L.O. Home A1ternate: APC00036727 1 763868 CONFIDENTIAL (b) Bloomington - D.A.D. D. M. Sauter, Plant Manager - 332-0095 D. w illiam s, Manager of Manufacturing -339-0611 J. B r itta in , Manager of Engineering - 332-5622 J. 1. Shoaff, Matls & Stds. Engineer - 876-5207 G. E. Mercier, Capacitor Engrg. Manager - 336-3880 N. E. Maguire, Manager o f Shipping - 332-7646 K. K elly, Purchasing Manager - 332-9666 C. A ll r a il shipments, Sauget, Illin o is to Bloomington, are via Illin o is Central Railway, over routes indicated on attached map. ( NA") Nearest highway point (town) is c ircle d on attached segment of highway mapt (''B" or "C") Bloomington D.A.D. representatlve w ill depart fo r s p ill s ite as soon as possible. I t 1s understood that the railway w ill be 1n charge of wreck salvage. (A booklet from the American Railway Association outlines handling of non-hazardou$ m a te ria ls .) Depending on the magnitude of the wreck, one of the following w ill be 1n charge: Large - Superintendent Medium - Assistant Superintendent Small - Local Trainmaster ("D") Assistance to be rendered w ill be 1n the nature of providing Information as to id e n tific a tio n of the m ateria l, precautions to be followed, the urgent need to control and contain the s p ill, and possible means for disposal. a) Nature of m aterial: See label on car. (Copy attached) ("E") See attached extract from ANSI C-107. Sec In d u strial hygiene excerpts from C-107. ("F") b) CAUTION: DO NOT FLUSH SPILL WITH WATER. DO NOT INCINERATE OR BURN IN THE OPEN ATMOSPHERE. EXTINGUISH ANY FLAMES WITH DRY TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHED c) Contain s p ills onto open ground with earth dikes or with absorbent m aterial such as OIL DRY, SAND,SAWDUST, e t c l , or sc*' , which can be recollected for future disposal. Drain o ff flu id remaining In tank car Into sealed drums. d) Note that flu id is heavier than water and 1s almost co m pitti\. -in a o l u b le ^ S p ills Into shallow, s t i l l wat e r , ^or1^.Tow. moving water, a/ 5a NPC00036728 763869  contiined with suitable dikes allowing surface c l e a r water to overflow i f necessary. Pump or sluice out contaminating flu id from bottom. e) PC3 fluids and contaminated materials may be disposed by placing in sealed drums. Shipment, to disposal s ite (Monsanto or Chemtrol), 1 w ill be arranged subsequently. V is ita tio n to the s ite by Indiana Stream Control Board Representative should be expected (in Indiana), to review action being taken, and possibly to make suggestions or to o ffe r Instructions. ( I f instructions are not followed, Westinghouse mav become lia b le for the consequences.) ("G") D. Information to the press: Inquiries from the press or other news media are to be referred to _________________________. E. Indiana State Board of Health regulation SPC-16 requires 5 steps to be completed on notice of s p ill (See excerpt from Indiana Environmental Health Action, attached). Submission of a complete report may be required by the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board Technical Secretary. F. Notice of lesser s p ills may require p a rt, or a l l , of the actions above: I Possible "medium" s p ills can re s u lt during shipment o f waste to Chemtrol for disposal. Such s p ills can involve other authorities (than Illin o is or Indiana). A card of minimum instructions (s im ila r to that of Monsanto's on 1 the tank car) 1s to be provided to the d river on each shipment. VS attached). ("H") G. S p ills from apparatus enroute to a customer are l ik e ly , but sm arts: 1n potential magnitude. "S p ill Control Instructions" attached. CONFIDFVI.ai r s ...... NPC00036729 763870 CONFIDENTIAL SPILL CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAPACITORS BEING SHIPPED 1) Put information on b i ll of lading and each shipment with Instructions to the shippers and to the re c ip ien t. 2) I f the s p ill is while the product is In tra n s it, n o tific a tio n w ill be received by O.A.D. Shipping. Shipping n o tify McClain, Fink, or Sawyer. 3) I f i t is a lim ited Incident 1n tra n s it (a few units) Shipping w ill give the following instructions: a) Return product to Bloomington or the nearest Apparatus Repair Shop with proper protection. b) How to clean tru ck, dock, etc. and dispose of waste m aterial. 4) When the product is returned to Bloomington, an RMR number w ill be requested and then the normal RMR procedure w ill apply. I f 1t 1s delivered to an ARP then a Service Order must be entered by the D is tr ic t O ffic e fo r the re p a ir. Bloomington.jm s t-in s jjre that the ARP has Instructions fo r proper handling and disposal. 5) I f 1t is a major Incident (truck wreck or many units) n o tific a tio n w ill again be to D.A.D. Shipping. 6) I f the description of the severity warrants 1 t, a D.A.D. representative w ill be sent to the s ite immediately. 7) D.A.D. w ill give information imnediately to the shipper on how to -- conta4n-spi 11s.-clean up afterwards and-then dispose of waste ------- . ^ m aterial. NPC00036730 763871 *- ' CONFIDENTIAL &) The product should be protected against further spillage and A-n J. returned to Bloomington or sent to an ARP for repair. Either the RMR procedure or Service Order will apply as appropriate. If the product has been delivered and is on the customer's site, notification will most likely be through the appropriate District Office (either Sales or Service). Cart must be taken to insure that the customer recognizes that the clean-up and disposal are his problems. We can offer advice and give recommended techniques. 10^ Repair will be accomplished through the carrier claim route with the site chosen after a survey of the problems. It may be any one of the following: A. Repaired on customer's site. B. Sent to ARP. C. Returned to Bloomington. 9/29/75 NPC00036731 763872 CONFIDENTIAL 1. GENERAL Askarels coniiiang of or containing polychlori nated uphcynls (PCB'i) have been uied in many apphcauoru for over forty yean, but only recently * a i evidence discovered that PCB's are widely onpened in the environment Systematic investigauons of the biological effects of PCB's have been undertaken within the past few yean to establish the effect! of specific formulauons upon specific species. Some studies have shown that PCB's may be an environmental contam inant Simultaneously, significant steps have been taken by U .S. Industry to lim it further releases of PCB's to the environment PCB's have been used in three broad types of applications for the pact forty yean, as follows: (a) "open ended* applications, for example, in paints, specialty inks, paper coatings, plastics, e tc ., (b) "nominally closed" applications, for example, as the working fluid in hydraulic or haat transfer systems; and (c) "closed electrical system" applications, specifically as the insulating fluid in certain types of transformers and eapacitors. The Monsanto Company is the sole U. S. producer of PCB's. It has discontinued supplying the material for all type (a) and (b) applications. Evaluations of the alternatives and rlsk/benefits involved in the continued use of PCB's in closed electrical lyeaen are sunsmanaed in the following.I. Askarel-filled power and industrial capacitors are significantly smalier, more reliable, more durable, and safer than oil*filled capacitors. As a result, aiktrels have supplanted mineral oils in more than 90 percent of the power and industrial capacitors made today. Over the past few decades most of the equipment that incorporates such capacitors has been designed to take particular advantage of the sise, safety and reliability benefits of askarel ca pacitors ( c .g ., many types are today le a than 14 percent of (he stac of equivalent oil capacitors and have a life expectancy of ten to more than twenty years). Various federal, state and local codes, tharafore, require their continued use in or adjacent to public, com m ercial and industrial buildings which locations present the greatest potential danger to life and proper ry. HU RISKS In the United States, medical records over a nearly forty-year period show that the unly adverso health effects experienced by U .S. workers exposed to askarels, either during the manufacture of these liquids or of electrical equipment con taining these liquids, have been limited to oc casional cases of non-chronic chloracne or other temporary skin lesions or irritations. II. BENEFITS Askarel filled transformers do not bum or sustain fire under condition* o f itnem ai c leo m e *i arcing. Askarel-filled transformers and capacitors are delivered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of askarel under normal oper ation. While certain types of equipment failures can permit loss of some askarel to the environ- ---- i.. Secnon 1 Page 1 NPC0036732 763873 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL TNI OFFICIAL STANDARDS FROFOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA m en, t/ansieimer failures axe limited to approx imately 0 .0 2 percent of the urnti m service per yea:. With respect to capacitors. iucIi loases axe Lrr.itcd to approximately 0 .0 2 percent of die aiKarcl put in;o service pet year. In addiaon, limited atnounu of PCB'i can get into the en* vironment during the manufacture, delivery, improper use, maintenance, repair and disposal of transformers a n j capacitors. Specific control measures have been instituted by individual manufacturen and are supplemented and strungthei^d by national standards and procedures such as this Guide wliich provides iniormation to prevent else inadvertent loss of PCBs to the environ ment at all stages from initial askarel manufacture through ultimate disposal. IV , ALTERNATIVES For technical and local and national code rea sons. it would be impossible to repLace most askarel* filled transformers now in service with o il-filled units of equivalent ratings, without major consaucuon changes that would be required to compensate for the lire tcals tenet of the aseartl- filled units. For certain applications and locations, d ry type trans formers may replace askarel- filled transformers. For new mtiallauuns. while many of the lim itations noted abuve would sa il apply, buildim; and installation ocsign provisi%nu i oulJ be made to accrinimooaic the use of oil*filled , open dry rype. or scaled dry-type transformers provided necessary icclin u al. rode, pitytie. al size, and c o s rr o ru d c ia a o n n rtr ptopcriy^rvaltraicd. SueDon 1 Page 2 The principal alternative to askarels for capac itors is mineral oil, but such replacement would return capacitor technology to its prc-1932 level and would necessitate the redesign and (place ment of such widely used equipment as fluores cent light fixtures and racks for power and in duction heaang capacitors, which could not now accommodate the increased size of oil capacitors while maintaining their preaem ratings. The cost of askarel liquids is about five to ten times more than mineral oiL Thus, long before there were any environmental concerns about PCB's, there was a strong economic in centive to find other less expensive insulaang liquids with the dcsirsble characteristics of askarels. Since the 1930 s at least ten major chem ical ot electrical companies have invested large amounts of am c and money m this search, all with no success. While potential subiaruiu that are most costly than askarels lisvc also re ceived some considcraaon ( e . g . , fluonlisted liquids), little is known about cither their elec trical performance or possible ill cffecu upon the environment. There are today no fluids mat can be used as a direct replacement for asfca/cu. CONFIDENTIAL V, INTERDEPARTMENTAL TASK TORCl C' a ' > An tn-depth study of PCB's has rece-;. * . * completed by five Executive branch De *r" c -a of the federal government. This Intcre. '>*. * . Task force on PCbs luued their repo/ c n . Polychlorinated biphenyls and the n i in May, l'J` 2. See Seen ou 1 Pa. J ; * conclusion quoted irom page 4 of dus upo*.. ~ Distributed by the Neaonal T e c h m * . . . maiion Service. L .S . Department ot Cj * * . Springuuld, Virginia 22X51. Price K . ^pC 00036733 763874 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS FROFOSAl IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Table 1 Typical Properties of Aroclor 1016 Property and Method CONFIDENTIAL Typical Values Color (A PH A ).......................................................................................................................... Condition........................................................................................................................ ........... Specific Gravity at 2 5 / 1 5 .5*C (ASTM D 1 8 1 0 )...................................................... Aciuity (mg. KO H /g.) (ASTM D 97-4, D 6 6 4 )...................................................... Mouture ..................................... . .......................................................................................... .. Refractive index at 23*C (ASTM D 1617) .................................................................. Inorganic (Tree) Chlorides (ASTM D 1 6 2 1 ) ............................................................... Pour Point (ASTM D 97) ....................................................................................... Dielectric Constant (ASTM D 324) (1000 II* at 1 0 0 * 0 ..................................... Resistivity (ASTM D 1100) (500 VDC at 100*C, 0 .1 -in c h G a p . ) .............. .............................................. ................................................................... Hydrolysis Stability Test (ASTM D 1620) (As C lilo n d es)................................... Thermal Stability Test (ASTM D 1036) (Aa Chlorides)....................................... Distillation Range (ASTM D 20 Corrected) 10 percent Distilled by W e ig h t............................................................................ 90 percent Dtstlllcd by W e i g h t . . . . . ................................ ................................... Higher Doiling llomologs (Monsanto Method T -02302) ....................................... Sulfates (ASTM D 1 17).................................................................. ..................................... Dielectric Strength at SVC (ASTM D 8 7 7 ) ......................... ..................................... flash Point, Cleveland Open Cup (ASTM D 9 2 ) ................................................... fire Point............ ................................................................................ ..................................... Corrosion Test (d hours at 210*C with bright aluminum foil) Change in Weight of Aluminum......................... .......................................... Viscosity at 100*F (SUS) (ASTM D 6 6 )....................................................................... Specific H o t at 25*C ....................................... ................................. .. C oefficient o f Expantion (ASTM D 1 9 0 3 )................ ................................................... l-ixcd Cblartoe (Carius)............................................................................................... Power F a c w at 100*C 60 Ha (Monsanto Method T -2273) yylfc......................................... .......................................... ................. ................................................................................................................. .......................... .. 40, max. Cleat 1 .3 6 2 -1 . 372 0 .010 max. 35 ppm. max. 1.6215-1.6235 0 ,0 5 ppm. max. -14*C or lower 4 ,7 0 -4 .0 0 500 * ohm-cm. 0 .5 ppm, max. 0 .4 ppm, max. m*.. 323*C. min. 35G*c. max. 0 .4 percent, max. None 35 MV. mm. 33T1-. m m None to Boiling Foam 0 .0 percent 71-81 0.30 0.0006S CC/ccTC 4 1 . 3 * 0.5 perom 1 percent, mav J poreent. ma* Section 2 Page 2 NPC00036734 763875  OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OP A PROPOSED STANDARD DBVBLOPFO WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTBIDS OF NEMA SECTION 2 CAPACITOR G V l D l l l X t S CONFIDENTIAL L WTROMCTIOK The environmental effects of kareU are under ut-depth ituuy by governmental end other agencies. Aitiarcls have been considered tclaavciy humleu to humans based on about forty years of safe industrial usage. There has been no known instanced human injury when they were used under the normally ac cepted pfccaubum and condition of handling in both ntanufacturing and user applications. Traces of aikarels are being found in the en vironment and in fish and btrdlife. The long-term genetic and ecological effects are not yet com pletely understood. Fur these reasons, care should be taken to contain aikarels and miiumixe their entry into the environment. There are two general elanes of askarell used by the electrical industry. The higher cblatlnatei fiacri are the more persistent in nature, because of their high degree of nontUmmebili'ey, they are used in transformers where personnel safety is of paramount impettAnce, Capaeitofgtode aikarel has a lower .degree of chlorination (composed primarily of the frchlotine liomcrs of biphenyl) and a higher degree of Wode|iadablttgy* Getuually, it hat not been found is atumal Ufo It is used in capacitor* where the catreme dqpoa of nonflammability required in hanifonaaa it of less importance. Although capacitor* and transformer-grade askareU both contain members of the PCS family, they do differ in composition, degree of bdodegrodfch1)*, persistence in nature, electrical ttablhiy, chemical ataWUry, and degree of nonflammability (fee'th *,e recognued as nonflammable), it is for thsae raaioni that this rccoon o(-thc-Guideline* 1* intended to apply to capacitot-grade ulateL * 11. CAPACITOR-GRADE ASKARZL In September of 1971, a new grade of capac itor tmpregnant. Aroeler 1011>. was made avail able ro the indttMtty. This new grade contains a typical concentration of 0.4 percent by weight of the higher boiling homologs of die chlorinated biphenyls. * Atoclot 101b replaces Aroclor 1242 which previously was the major capacitor imprcgnant and contained around 7 percent of the lugher boiling homolop* (the more persistent in nature). Ttui 0.4 percent level of the higher boiling homologs should be the maximum concentration aeceptabla in any capacitor impregnant. Aroeior 1242 and 1234, previously used as imptegnanta, do not meet this ttnuUtmtnt and should no longer be used in capacitors designed and manufactured for altemating-cutrsnt application, Atoclot 1013 has the tame UL nonflammability rating as Aroclor 1242. Its typical properties are given in Table 1. (See Section 2 Page 2.) I I L PUNT HOUSEKEEPING AND EMPLOYEE SATSTT The following procedures and limit ate in tended to be minimum requirements to be met by manufacturers and uteri of capsetters contain ing aikareL Handling, control and dlapoul pro cedures are given, together with exposure Umm and indicated antidotes and cleanup procedures* A. Material Aikarel for use in eapaettors should consist of homologs and isomers of chlorinated biphcr.jl with the concentaoon of the higher boiling homologs at about 0.4 percent, * Aroeior lOld n connected to be the ttaniatd tmprepxant meeting these itouire* menxs. v Monsanto Method T-02302. Section 2 Page 1 WCQGQ2673S 763876 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS FftOFOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANOARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION SY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Commonly iiieu solvents include benzene. e:ricnc, avutocc, tru Itlorot thane, tm'iiioroeti'v.o"* and perchlaroctbylene, Typical vapor pressure ca*a tor Amelc: 101C are: 0*c 2i*C 150*C 200*C * 0.001 mm * 0, u0i mm * *1.3 mm ** 29.0 mm r . General Safety Prorautions Although it is generally adapted that exposure 1 to vaparttor-grade askarcl Is wot hazardous pro* ( vided simple prevaunons are taken, exposure si.uuid s till be avoided. 1. Vapors H ie odor o f askarcl is noticeable w e ll below the m axim ui i air eow tntratiotts considered ta lc . I'p to 1.0 m illigram per cubic muter ol air las been determined At 2S*C and "CC mm Hg pressure. laturatet! air contains approximately 0 .0 9 mg liter. to be the maximum safe level of exposure during an b-hour work day (Par. C, referancc H>. H ie procedure! for performing Q mg/litcr 90.0 ppm \v/v]] Q ppm (v/v) * 0.011 m g/liteQ tiie necessary analyses are contained in Section "A Tentative Procedure fot the Determination o f Airborne-Polychlorinated Biphenyls*" pOWFIDEBITIAL0. S ilk flu id Shipment, deceiving; Breathing vapor or fumes trom heated askarcl and Transfer should be avoided. Provisions ilioulu ,bw Shipment ol askarcl from point oi manufacture made fet adequate ventilation and /cgulauon to point o f receiving should bo done in closed containers such as ra il rank can. suck tanks, marine or barge tanks, or sealed drums. Con* o f manufacturing operations to avoid open exposure to aikarel fespecially at ;:>*C ot higher). The gates produccU when askarcl timers should be labeled as tu contents and catty a label cautioning against loss of fluid is decomposed by very high temperature! (such as that of an electric arc) in die pres to the open environm ent Containers used to transport aakarel should not be used for storage or to transport o ilier m aterial without being com pletely cleaned ot a ll traces of aikaraL (Clean ing procedures must take cognizance o f pre cautions against excessive exposure and of the need for proper disposal o f contaminated cleans ing solvent and m aterials as et forth in Part V of this le c tio n ,) Transfer from shipping containers to pror-- lag systems should be through dosed piping or tubing w ith appropriate valves, pumps, u'-r. Provision should be made for trapping and disposing of flu id lost by leakage oi spills from Ft transfer system and from the storage con tainers. ence of air or organic insulating materials contain a high percentage of hydrogen chlo ride, and sm all percentages of carbon uioxide. carbon monoxide and oxygen. Minute concentrations o f tids combination of gases are very unpleasant and irrita tin g , diui giving ample warning o f their presence. If exposure to high concentrations o f askarcl is necessary under emergency conditions, an approved gas mask or self-contained breathing appa ratus should be worn. Such exposute should be under the surveillance of other personnel capable of resrue in case of an a rciu crt. If the odor o f askarcl is detected by tlx person wearing protective equipment, he should ;m - Drams to be mured from use should be cleaned *'- Wete.wishing, Xwltery to crap dealen, or other thspoui Contaminated- cleaning fluids and ma nuals should be disposed of as indicated in Part V. 4--t nkidiately go into /resit a it. A ll gas masks, respirators and replacement parts should have Bureau of Mines approval and be maintained ou a regular Schedule in accordance with the *M N D tfiturer'i recommendation. Section 2 Page 3 NFC00036736 763877 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OP A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION 0Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 2, Liquid-- U nlike insulating o il ttere ts vir tu ally nv> fire haxatJ ir. handling askareL A lim ite d solvent action (sim ilar to that lor paini thinner) or. thw fats and oils of the skin w ith prolonged contact may lead to drying and chapping o f the shin. As w ith insulating o il, some people are al lergic to askarcl and continued exposure may result In skin irritation Both die liq u id and vapor arc moderately irrita tin g to eye tim e . Operating procedures should be such as to m inim ize or elim inate oniaci w ith aikarcls. Use o f eye protection is recommended. The use o f porous gloves which can absorb and retain askarels is to be avoided. W r ite r cream s* or resistant glo vest should bo used i f to ntae i is unavoidable. Use o f in closed transfer and Iiandling equipment, processing equipment, and mechanical washers educes direct contact. M edicinal washes or tm ld detergents fol lowed by tlw. application of cold cream w ill reduce the irrita tio n resulting Horn tire contact o f an open cut or abrasion w ith ashareL S t f t t y g la m * w ith side shields o r a face shield should be worn when'handling askarels. If liq u id askarcl contact; the eyes, tre eyes should be irrigated im m ediately w idi large quantities o f running water for 15 minutes and then examined by a physician. (A drop o f etstor o il has been found to reduce ir rita tio n . > Persons developing a skin irrita tio n or res piratory tract irrita tio n w lulc working with askarels should be placed under the super vision of a physician. Ingestion or swallowing of askarels is not generally regarded as a problem of the in dustry. Should accidental ingestion occur, a p h y s ic iu i should be consulted. Hands should be washed wid> warm water and soap before eating, drinking, smoking or using to ile t fa cilitie s. P Manufacturing Housekeeping Manuiavtunng equipment and operating pro cedures ^tould safeguard against loss of askarels to die environment through proper containment and disposal procedures. Enclosed systems o f sealed piping, properly gvkuted joints, talvcs, containers, and pioccsssng clrambert sltouid he used fot any portion o f tlto operation where askarcl temperatures may exceed .V A ,, Enclosute Situuld preferably c.vtwno to a ll otiter portions of the system insotar as practicable. Containment ptovisions slwuld be established around a ll askarcl processing areas to ensure against inadvertent Io n to sewer systems by spillage, leakage, or other uucoimoUoi con ditions or events. Spills of askarcl shot Id be removed promptly by means o f absorptive m aterial, such as sawuust, or trapped and remove! by pumping or other suitable mcaits. CONFIDENTIAL - i (.o* eaqm plc, PI.Y No. U Gel (M ilhurn i.o .. IK ti ; Michigan), or Ketodcx *"1 (Ayer* !.aiw i i o r i a . P, O, Ilox -t.'iu/cTrStrcct .Station, New York, N, , luittut, or tlte equivalent, a T Edmom, Solvit .-.`did (dersu k o' Urtdgcpott. - 'J 'it ShctlN-dindgepoM. Conn. 001). ot the equivalen) Saetlon 2 Page >1 NPC00036737 763878 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OP NEMA '.viste flu id i conraining osKarel ro t suitable for reeonditic ring or reuse should be collected (by means of traps, dnp pons, trays, etc. 1 front the various parts o f the manufacturing and processing area (including washers or other cleaning devices]. Disposai should be made in accordance w ith Pan V o f tills section. Wiper rags, clothing and other extraneous ma* reriois saturated w ith oskorcls should be collected w ithin the containment area for properly controlled laundering or disposal (tee Part V of tills section). E. Disposal o f Askarel Wastes Methods for disposal o f liquids and saturated solids generated by die manufacturing operation should be in accordance w ith those outlined in Part V of this section and should include (but not be lim ite d to) die follow ing wastes: 1. C o ntam inated liq u id askarel w h ich i t u ra u lt* ab le fo r re c la im in g os a d io U c m e flu id . 2. L iq u id askarel fro m s o lve n t operations or w a te r/d e te rg e n t type wasliezs. 3. Saturated earth or other aheorbent media from filte rin g operations. 4 Saturated sawdust or other obwrptivc m v tetiali from spills. 3* Saturated filte rs fro m vapor e o n tro l devices to d o th e r A lte rs . Saturated va st (paper, rags, etc), 1* Saturated, spent gasket m a te ria ls , *,, A ik a re i-c o n ta n d n a u d vacuum pum p e lls , 9* A skare l-co ntam in ated stream je t vacuum system condervates. 1. Miscellaneous Procedure* 1. Spills by leakage from finished capacitors should be cleaned up prom ptly by means of akworbcm media w idth should then be moved to containers provided for tha p u r pose within the containment area and later disposed of properly. 2. Askatel wastes should never be disposed of down elfluent drains or sewers. The utmost care mus be exercised to prevent accidental loss by these avenues to die environment. 3* Capacitors fo ilin g tests or otherwise desig nated for disposal must be controlled and handled in accordance w ith the intent of the procedures above, fin a lly being disposed of hy one o f the means outlined lu Part V of this ic c tio it, CONFIDENTIAL G. References 1. Monsanto industrial Chemicals Company Technical Bulletin O -F F /lil. Aroclor ( ) Polychlorinated Polyphenyls (BipheryUi (November 1971). American Conference o f Governmental in dustrial Hygienists: Threshold U n it vaLei tor 1964. AMA Archlevcs of Environment; Health 95J (19M ). 3 Trcon, J,F ,, r,P , C lew land. Caere, and K. W. AtclUey*. H ie Toxic itv . Vapors of Aroc lo r 22-J2 and Arocie* : : * American Im hstriol Hygiene A ssunse;- Vuartcrly 17: 04 (1966), 4, nWru, H.B.: The Chemistry of in*,* a Tw teelpgy, oUn W iley and Sons. : * . New Y o rk (i9 '3). Section Soe * NPC00036738 763879 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL T H I* OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A FnOPOSEO STANDARO DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF N iM A 5. Drinker. C. K .. M. F. Warren, and G. A. Bennci: The Problem oi Poutblc Systemic Effects from Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Journal of Induatrial Hy giene and Toxicology 19:283 (1937). 6. Drinker, C. K .: Further Observations on the Possible Systemic Toxicity of Certain of the Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 21:13* (1939). 7. Greenberg, L , M. R. Mayen. and A. R. Smith- The Systemic Cficco Re sulting from Exposure to Curtain Chlonnnated Hydrocarbons. Journal of industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 21:29 (1939), 9. Hygienic Guide Series "Chlurodiphenyir (January-Fcbruary 1983) by Hie American Industrial Hygiene A sociaoon, 210 iladdon Avenue, Westmont, N. J. 08108. IV , CONTROL OF WATER EFFLUENTS The Indutvy goal Is to elim inate askarel in plant water effluent streams. However, it is recognized B ut existing drain systems in capac itor manufacturing p lan s are probably contaminatad as a result of paft practices, and askarel traces may continue to show up in eifluunt streams for some o n e . However, the level should continue to decrease with the proper containment ul askarel wastes and no further discharges into drain systems. Other sections of thu Guide provide that no askarel wastes .o f any kind b disposed of t * any -water el fluent streams and that accidental spills be prevented from getting into such tucam s. Section 2 Page C A. Concentration limits The 1972 EFA proposals are to keep PCB leveb in rivers and lakes below 0.0 1 parts per billion. Plant alduent streams should be man aged and controlled in a manner cowisten: with this goal. B. Monitoring Streams Or a regular basis consistent with plant sit uations. all effluent streams should be analyzed. The procedures for performing the necessary analy ses arc contained In Section Analysis of Water and Sediment for Polychlorinated Biphenyls. This procedure or i s equivalent sltould be used. CONFIDENTIAL C Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream Contamination*V. Thu ideal approach is to totally isolate all effluent streams that could be contaminated askarc Is during manufacturing processes anc vent titem from being discharged from the plane Carbon adsorption, limestone beds, anc s o . ': < extraction are techniques which can be appL to *r reduce cite askarel content of effluent strear s These techniques may be- most usuful in clear up water used In plant proccmng and to peirurecycling. V. SCRAP DISPOSAL HRcrE-t:* Tliu inamtiacitnc and uso of i anaci* -m processes which protktec askarel-satursu ,, sow and liquids containing or composed c o s ', askarel, which sltould be disposed o* at *a* . Spcu he sources of Utcse materials appea/ jn u this document but may be placet1 ."* . catcgonos: NPC000367 39 763880 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS FRQFOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROFOSED STANDARD OEVELOFED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 1. C jp aritor iiniB impregnated w.dt askarcl. production and Held rejects. 2. Manufacturing process liquiJ wastes con taining askarcl. 3. Solid waste purposely or a n io cn tly satu jr cd with atk.vcL Dispcsal should be done in a manner which consisrcr t with proper con cm f*>r die cnvironim it and which minimizes any releas*, ol ukaxcls in n'e environment. A, Dtsnosal of Capacitor Units S. ran capacitor umu can be generated during manufacturing processes or during held service. Production rejects arc those capacitors which art rejected alter the iinpregoauuii process in tile course of production h\ the capacitor manufaclucer, Tlicy may be rcjcvicd lor mechanical or tlc< m eal reasons, or because ol obsolescence. held rejects arc those units which arc re acted or which, for other reasons, arc to be k rapped after shipment from the plant wltcrc were manufactured. i'roduetlon R ajecti-- Rejected capacitors in ta p e d manufacturing plana represent a concentration o( askarcL It is important dtat their dlsposiuon be made in a manner consistent with proper concern lor the en vironment. Therefore, capacitors slxjuld he disposed m only in supervised my lanuhll sires wliicli meet all applicable State fRutrcn>ntt. Care should be exercised in insure that no loa of liquid will occur Jurtn# transportation , to the disposal site. Im in en tio r of scrap capacitors in facilities denoted to accept rucli solids should provide an alternative m ean of disposal as sucli services become available in the future. U. Held Ihtjccu-- Small capacitors (defined as containing L u titan 2 pounds ol aikarcl) arc practically always used as (onponents in otiier electrical or electrom echanical uquipment. t ypical examples o larec quantity usage ol such capacitors are In lluores* cut lamp ballasts and residential air conditioning equipment, failure of such capacitors may result in scrapping of the device of which it li a part (as in a fluorescein ballast) or re placement and scrapping u( die individual capacitor (as in a room air cund doner). However, die majority of such capacitors do noi fail in service, but arc scrapped as a result ol wearing out or obsolescence ot die devices to wliicli die capacitors arc used as components. Tints, die matter of disposal is characterized by a low concentration v( small quantiQcs of askarel throughout lire country and, indeed, ihrouglioui the world, fortunately, the nature of die devices anu equipment in wliich such capacitor, arc used is such dial tliey are normally disposed of in dry land fills as a matter of convenience. Since it is im praedcal at present to exercise any meaningful control over the disposition of ttic bulk of such devices and equipment, it is Imperative that askarcl used lor im pregnating small capacitors be limned to die recently Introduced type which contains a typical concentration of 0.4 percent of die higher coiling homolugs. ** Large rapa<itors (those h k orporanng more than 2 pounds of askarcl) 'tumid be disouscd of act. ordim* to die procedure tot production rejects (see par. A .1). ___ - - CONFIDENT! " Monsanto Method T-0C30C. see non 2 Page ? N PC 00036740 763881  ^ OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION SY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 3. Disposal of Liquid U 'uici All watte axwarel or liquiJ wastes foi iai m:g askaial should be disposed of in a. cor Jarv e wi:!i one of Use following procedures 1. Incineration-- Present knowledge indicates that proper numeration mnst involve a suitable balance between dwell nrrw and tenrperarure in the incinerator plus orycen availability and, im ally, tunable Ktut^ bers to remove else MLl wlm-li will be formed; e . g . , f l ) second dwwll n n x IT 2000*T and 3 peri cut cm css oxygen in stack gal; (2) 1 1 / 2 - second dwell tin, at '.'"00*1 and 2 per* ent t\> css oxygen in stack gas. These facilities should meet die applicable requirement! ol die State in which they a v located and sliould control diluents wtiluii die limits set forth in dur document. c. Containers used lot tills purpose should not be used for any odter materials or retired Irom service until they are com pletely cleaned. Any solvents used In cleaning these containers will be con taminated with k a rc l and should be disposed of according to die same pro cedures herein described. C. Disposal of Solid Wastes (See Far, A for Setap rap acitcrs)*1 All Solid wastes which have been saturated with askarcl slmuld be disposed of by die following procedure. 1. Tlic saturated wasu-4 ilmuld be placed into leak-proof contamets and Transported to a supci vised dry landiill site mretinc Su ie retiulrvnxnts. Aliernau vely. they wan 'x. disposed ol by incineration in State-approved facilities. 2. To.xi' and Hazardous Waste CHiposal S itesTertain landhll sices Iwve been classlied by State and icderal Cv^tn m u io as suit able lor die disposal oi toxi. and hazard ous LqttiiU. Where such appro,ed sites exist, ti*ey may he used lor the Jisposal of liquid wastes doacrlhcd in diis document, (lise Section 4 .) X Packaging and Shipment-- a. Tramporradon to hie disposal lability slionld be in rnniaiiicrs whi. I, will vetil leakage and a< 'dental loss ol anUarel to the cn>u>iim*m, b. Containers .*iu be labeled ar to . on'eMU and prc-i aucun! relative to iTO to ihw out trnilllle lit. SecSon 2 Page y 2. Solid absorbents used for spills can be dis posed ui uncoutaincd in tlic supervisee Jry lamllill site; transport to the Site should be in closed containers. Alternsuvcly, in cineration can be used in accordance with par. is (See Section I (or laciUtscS). CONFIDENTIAL V I. LAUDfN'C r.apacitor milt! vary grwatly in size and tn ent use in applii anm. Small cap.viUu units are ft.qucnli; applied a> a component of aiuthcr pi a c oi equipment so. li at a flumes, cm lif lieuv ballast, a r.oJwuy .ueu In'tiling Inuliiiaiiv, a Itmtot. . l i , in suwii ap|U<-atio.is a label %m the taoavitoi .. .relefdjnlng ap|m)vcU disposal prorc-durc- would .ot nonnali) nc*Vihie wlieu tlic piece oi cq-ipinem >s visposed ol UPC00036741 763882 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL t* . THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS FROFOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A FROFOSED STANDARD DEVELOFED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOFERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION CY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA l or die in'erm nr reasons rlic meihml nf providing 6sposal instruction i'r small rapaci '0*1 jiui luge capacitor is treated separately. i . Small Units (Incorporating U,rS T lu r Pounds o< Aikarel)-- Small i*pa< tror) arc Jc lined as those wliii.li contain a s k v d in quantitle* up ro about two I'J t pontu1* each anil in which the free liquid does not exceed 0 .4 pound. They are hermeocally sealed in me* tallic ease*. Such capaciuni arc applied as a component 1 a larger piece 1 cquipmenr. Attadung a label to such equipment refer* eiK ing titis Guideline or desi ribing disposal procedures would be of limited practical value. 'A Large Capacitor Units (Incorporating More Than 2 Founds oi Askarel)-- The capai nor manufacturer slrould affix a label In a to ir apicuouj place, tulercrning tins document r\t describing disposal procedures rons.ltert with lu This label slwild contain, as a minimum, the following lii/ormatioii: C A l'T lP V TIHS CAPACITOR CONTAINS A P u lY - CULORINATCD BIWILNY L il'C U . TO A VO ID POSSIMLE ENVIRONMENTAL CON r,CT A M IN A T IO N , IT SHOULD DISPOSED o r ONLY IN SUPERVISED DRY LANDITLL AREAS MEE11NG STATE Uf.OUlRTV.ENT': OR IN INCINERATION I A C IU T ir.S DESIGNLD I OP. DISPOSAL O f PCL'S. SEE AMERICAN N ATIO N AL STANDARDS INSTITUTE GUIDELINES C IO I.!- ( ) FOR FURTHER IN FORMATION, (WHEN APPROVED. (TOPICS WLL DF. A V A J!.A "L: I ROM ANSI. 1430 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. NEW YORK 1001t. ) CONFIDENTIAL ^ ......... section 2 Page y NPC00036742 763883 # r ~i K iw in s c-iz rr :tT :::* 2 rrzz The c a p a c ito r s u tcc o n ltt cf Atrsi C-1S7 ccr.var.ed a t ArOS F.K. 1 /1 2 /7 S , i t a t l e r O'IIajt (K crth ) M etal. JlieM rJ R cilins i c t i j Chalm an, R. D, McClain at S ecretary (tten can ce r o a .t r attach ed.) XT, C liffo rd T u ttle presented a d ra ft of th t 1 . 1 . A. s p i l l W otlflcatlon Flan fo r F C t'a. Thtro k m f tn tr a l concurrence th is should bo ecnaldtrod on Tuesday f o r in corp oration In C-1CT,. (Copy attaeh o d ) . S ectio n Z2.S (Agendah Complexity o f t o x i c i t y data appeared to bo too c ro a t fo r in clu sio n in tho stan d ard , aa s r t l e l o f r e e tho C2GRX p u b licatio n , I l o c t r e . was d istrib u te d fo r eens id a r a tio n , "Tho P rop erties of Asksrols and Recor-sendatlcns f o r T h eir Uae in X l o a tr le a l E q u lp ren t.' (Copy attach ed ) S e ctio n ZZ.C. (Agenda) Liquid fo r d isp osal appears to ho g re a t e r fo r tran sfen rers than fo r c a p a c ito rs. Disposal by in eln arstio a ear. bo accomplished by K cnsasto, F.clM na, or C h e rtro l. (Nctoi Kenaanto lim its cle tu ro co n ten t; fts llln t and Chextrol do n o t). Although disp osal of liquid contained in dne=s la s a tis f a c to r y f o r tone co n tro lle d la n d f ill s i t e s , d isp osal by In cin e ra tio n was ecnsldered *p ro fe rra b id . Addition c r sentence t c part 3 .5 * 2 of standard "Preference should bo given to I n c in o r a tio s .* S ectio n X I .e . 2 (Agenda): XFA in d ica tio n th a t la n d fill is only p re se n tly su ita b le a-othod f e r di t penal t f satu rated so lid s ass .I notsd. Likewise, differences In san trcl of lan d fill s lts s , s t a t e to s t a t e , was n oted . Ko chanpo in standard rseoaeendtd. S e ctio n I I . C .J i I t was noted th a t "n u clear* ha sard cut waste l a n d f i l l s i t e s must be on s t a t e or fe d e ra l land. S ection Z2.D.1 (Agendo)t Disposal ef ca p a cito r u n its, I n ta c t, opposed to openin' and draining flu id and re sca lin g beferw d isp o sal was d iscu ssed . The M i l ancunt ef flu id to be drained, th e i n t e g r it y of l n t s e t u n ite , and the n e ce s sity f e r cocplas co n tro l ewer drainage procedures ind icated disposal e f in ta c t u n its t o be preferrm ble. (Subsomalttse adjourned u n til 8 00 A .K ., 1 /1 J /7 6 ). S o rt Son X 3.X . (Agenda)t Kerbere were requested to obtain ana submit d ata on la b e llin g o f ap p aratu s, c a r t e r s , a t e . cor.iaiaiog F .C .* . beyond th a t alread y contained in the standard, at p ra ttic e l fey t h e i r companies, and submit a t the next meeting. Fu rth er d iscu ssion use lied. S ectio n IX .0 .2 ( Agenda)i (Reference - Standard C-1C7, port 3 . 5 . 1 . 2 , page 1 2 ): Nr. T u ttle agreed to p rerere e d ra ft rmtenaending removal of ca p a c ito r* fre e eqnipsent befere d iap eaal. (The a l te r n a t iv e of d isp osal o f the e n tir e equipment in s e t era an te w ith PCS procedures w ill be eon eld erod .) S e ctio n 1 2 . f (Agenda)t (Reference - Standard C-10T, Appemdla 9 , Page 2 9 , "O en ersl"). Nr. Ron Ins w ill renew pertinence ef referen ce A.S.T.H. deeusent, ae well sc S.P.A prsee Sums te &&i. Vl- NPCOOO 36 7 4 3 763884 \ %i i* ti i 1 rn be r e f e r e n c e d by IJr- O t t . K r. F e l l i n U ! req\;cr t H s t c f ad d itional la b o ra tc rle r dclnp m ly s ic ! wer* (frv r Kontante). K r. Ctonger fccreed t e prepare tia le r .tn t cn .p rvtsvtlen e to be followed ln obtaining PCS campler. S ection ZZ.O. (Agenda): The sv b em n Jttee concurred th c t odditloa to otondord doellnc with d iepore) procedures in d esirab le. K r. Willy propoatd the following changes: Add t o contonto w n i *7. Sdtpeeal or Laboratory S a a p ltt." Add to the body or the t e x t : "7 , Disposal ef L ab orttory Samples. The d isp osal of laboratory temples and m aterials u u d by la b e rst crib > r t r ta s tin g and orjiorlnontal purpcaea th a t ray c e r ta in v trlo u r a&cunts of p clrch lo rln a to d biphenyl m a t bo ca re fu lly c o rtro lla d aa outlined in paragraphs 3 .3 thru 3 .3 .S and 3.3 thru 3 . 3. 3.* S e ctio n II.H . (Agenda): Dlapoaal er PCS containing w ater e fflu e n t In to municipal aawag* eystcn s (f r e e washing of clo th in g, hands, e t e , ) i iA ffertn ces in requirementJ 67 various regulatory agenelea wee noted . (Reoulrements of standard C-107 p art 3 .3 .6 fo r control or dlrcherges into drain* vat n oted .) Kr. T u ttle will prepare e d raft revision , reaefniaing tie redured hatard of A rcelor 1016 dischargee, S ection IZ .Z . (Agenda): (Lose of PCS v a p rrs) I t was noted t u t PCS o r PCS containing m aterials ahcuJd n st be ln c in e rtte d except under rlc ld ly con trolled con d ition s. Kr. Rollins w ill propere e d raft fo r poeslble addition to Sttndard C-107 a f te r pen 3.* on loaa of vapors, roeognixinr absence c f te ch n o lo g ica lly e sta b lish e d nethoda of d etectio n end measurement, l e c t io n 2 2 .J , (Agenda): (Fefcrenoe wee made to the preceding a e c tle n an d lsch ercee in to s a n ita ry waste tfiepoaol a7* t e r , and to pert 3. 3.* of standard C -1 0 7 ). Kr. Father r i l l propere e d r a f t f a r en sld eretlcn ef p ossib le a d d itlcn t o p art 3. 3*6 o f standard C -107. C om patibility with statem ent an discharges in to ctreams or cowers la d esired . S et# e f the next mooting wee te n ta tiv e ly s e t fo r Tuesday, February 2*. .2 R e a re d f u l l y Subm itted, -r > / / <'/> s y ' 1* * * A`c Robert 9. McClain Acting S ecretary ,,PC0003674* 763885 - m m , o e ic lm n A i t i l i D. -Otte U.S. En*. Protection Ancncy Office o f Solid M ile van*yca-nt I'ru^em W tsMnfton, O.C. 2WI *1 C. it !(<fM I J.( U t: Melitiil '.I rr t Sfalli Allen, Mei*, Ci(i7 ft. Volin P. ft. Pl11try IbHIftfttn* KMI. J e u U L, k * t r r flttlfH th hiion, . C. Otvt Mill ti U t etri Cl M i l i t i t i fit. U S U t, IL I1J31 H. S. Irw .n tf * 111. P*tr O cu r./ SK S. 27 s t r u t Seaitur, I l UUS . r. fit* kot U f (. u r .ii U cU stfA in , ix a u s i ? <4f Toni t At-rt* IntbSt-^tS 7AI J t ' t r f t A n r ji te* W sfs-t. %es. I. 1- 1 * ^ a v w y v M 'y I n * / Ss. vu rr not ax. > a j c . -- AUCA teUel 0. McCleit V*t inaine U'rrCic f-.b. b> X I klvtrlAyuui, IaAia/^ IJ4M J , fc^ tn Mill/ >V^re*CC1bUL Ll, \L>'j immfd *4,, (*w*~**Ct i,, fH H . A, iv *y r W -' t .' L'.usi Ce. W V. : vr txvuPA 1/1/ ^iji .Jonr * , A ,f i w ;t; '.OCVM' < t w *2 --'-its/.Ve4< .3s , V.-.*e'*'^y"V"'*A"**t* . **' *. * NPC00036745 763886 ^0 rv- ? o a A < \S NPC00036746 763887 a n n u la V PCB TASK FORCE CRFFNTREE - MI r. SHARON - !Mr. svju m . ~ - iMr . BLOOMINGTON - 1Mr. W I-.U Tl.nTN G - MI r. W H U IL D IN G - M! r. J . Morris H. Sheppard R._Schvab D. S a u c e r R. W ills J . Daley W B j i l d i n g - Mr. E. Clarice W B u i l d i n g - Mr. D. K a i s e r W B u i l d i n g - Mr. S . P i t t s S o ut h B o s t o n - Mr. J . A l d v o r t h he f o l l o w i n g h i g h l i g h t s t h e m i n u t e s o f t h e PCB T a s k T o r c e m e e t i n g o f vcember 2 t 1 9 7 6 . A l l members o f Che T as k F o r c e were p r e s e n t w i th P.. f j r t m r 11 r e p r e s e n t i n g J o e M o r r i s . Comntcrc In l - The n o t i f i c a t i o n p r o c e d u r e , NEMA t a s k f o r c e s t a t u s , and t o - d a t c c u s c c t .t r e a c tio n were reviewed. - S h a r o n , S o ut h B o s t o n , B l o o m i n g t o n , and T&D M a r k e t i n g w i l l r e v i e w E?A' PCS Economic A n a l y s i s f o r t h e p u r p o s e s o f comment and c r i t i c i s m . R. W i l l s w i l l d r a f t t h e connon r e s p o n s e . - On December 1 4 , t h e NEMA Ta s k F o r c e w i l l m e e t . J o h n Aldworth w i l l the Westinghousc rep resentative, --* L e i a l ' - Roger W i l l s revie wed the c u r r e n t f e d e r a l and s t a t e l e g a l s i t u a t i o n r e garding the regulation of PCB's. " I I 'A I h c x |>c t ed t o b o g l n r e g u l a t i o n l i e e r i n g a on 1'Cb' s on o r aLout December 2 0 , 1 976. Roger i d e n t i f i e d t h e f o l l o w i n g ea l e g a l - c o n t a c t s i n PCB m a t t e r s : NPC00036747 763888 PRIVILEGED PCB T a s k F o r e s December 7, 1976 Pegs 2 LI Power Syst ems Contract Questions Industry Products Contract Questions Toxicity Questions John Irby and Sam P i t t s Spence Kunley and Karlin Rosensvelg Roger W ills - The development o f s t r a t e g i e s w i t h r e g a r d t o EPA and impending r e g u l a t i o n s w i l l be d e f e r r e d u n t i l a f t e r t h e December 16 NEKA m e e t i n g and the December 20 EPA m e e t i n g . - No r ec omme nda t io ns w i t h r e g a r d t o p e r s o n n e l who had worked w i t h PCB's were id e n t if i e d . Quality Control - Harry Sheppard w i l l develop a recommendation with regard to a testin g procedure for incoming o i l shipments for a l l d iv is io n s. Dick Schwab w i l l develop a p o l i c y recommendation f o r o p e r a t i o n a l c c r.tr, 1 and monitoring of PCB's fo r a l l d iv is o n s . A lso, the recommendation - i l l be made f o r e a c h d i v i s i o n t o a p p o i n t s PCB c o o r d i n a t o r from o p e r a t i o n s . Technical - Harry Sheppard r e v i e w e d t h e c u r r e n t RfcD work b e i n g done t o d e v e l o p a q u i c k i d e n t i f i c a t i o n method f o r f i n d i n g P CB ' s i n o i l . He w i l l c o n t i n u e to follow. - Outlined the t e s t c a p a b i l i t y end commercial p r i c e fo r Sharon te s t in g a . SVFM o r more t e a t i n o i l - 1 0 0 / d a y on two s h i f t b a s i s i $ 100 per tu t, b . 100PPB I n o i l - two dsy t e s t (? $ 1 , 2 0 0 p e r t e a t . c . 1PPB In w a t e r - 1 0 / d a y * $ 2 0 0 per t e s t . - On t h e s u b j e c t o f i n s u r a b i l i t y . F a c t o r y Mutual w i l l p u b l i s h s h o r t : tho se req u irem e n ts t h a t a l i q u i d must meet in o rd e r f o r Factory i t to recoanend ln au raablllty of tha liquid at the aakarel ra te . It t .. N P C 000 3 6 7 41 763889 t : PCB Task December Peg* 3 PRIVILEGED expected be c u r r e n t s i l i c o n f l u i d w i l l meet t h e s e r e q u i r e m e n t s . - We e r e c u r r e n t l y wo rk i ng w i t h o i l s u p p l i e r s t o d e v e l o p a l e s s e x p e n s i v e f l u i d t h a t w i l l meet t h e s e F a c t o r y Mutual r e q u i r e m e n t s . Harry Sheppard i s managing t h is e f f o r t . - A p re lim in a ry funded r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t to EPRI to i d e n t i f y the scope of t h e m i x i n g pr o bl e m and t h e development o f a method t o remove PCB1s from o i l was t a b l e d u n t i l we know more c l e a r l y what NEMA w i l l b e w i l l i n g to take ectlon in thle area. R e p a ir and S e r v i c e - R. C a r t m e l l r e v i e w e d t he r e p a i r p o l i c y ARD i s i n t h e p r o c e s s o f d e v s l o p ing, as w ell as id e n tify in g those plants which w ill continue to repair askarcl f i l l e d equipment. (See Attached) - J o e M o r r i s w i l l c a l l an i n i t i a l m e e t i n g t o i n c l u d e C. W i t h e r i n g t o n , D. P. K a i s e r end R. H e l v e r s o n t o r e v i e w t h e c o m m e r c i a l a s p e c t s o f a W e s t i n g h o u s e r e p a i r p o l i c y . An a d d i t i o n a l m e e t i n g w i t h t h e T r a n s f o r m e r D i v i s i o n * o p e r a t i o n s ' PCB r a p r e s e n t a e i v a a may a l s o be c on v en e d. No d a t e was s e t f o r t h e n e x t m e e t i n g o f t h e PCB Teak F o r c e . A d d i t i o n 1 meetings a s acqu ired w i l l be c a l l e d by the c h e i r a a n . John Sullivan Attachment NPC00036749 763890 BLOOMINGTON WORKS Messrs. J. B. B ritta in D. Williams cc: R. Sawyer cc: A. Fink Attached is a copy o f the suggested emergency response to n otice of a PCB s p i l l , which w il l be the subject fo r discussion a t 10:30 A.M., Wednesday, October 1, 1975 In the North Engineering Conference Room. I t 1s intended th a t th is response and attached m aterials be used as a guide fo r anyone n o tifie d th a t D.A.D. polychlorinated biphenyl (Inerteen or A roclor) has been Involved in a s p i l l . The actions o utline d have not been reviewed by Roger W ills , nor have they been derived from any s im ila r program a t Sharon or a t Monsanto. We suggest Mr. W ill's comments be obtained a t an e a rly date. Prevention o f a s p ill is not a p art o f the proposed response. Consideration o f means fo r funding necessary action in event o f a s p ill is requested. Although d is trib u tio n o f these In stru ctio n s should be lim ite d , 1t appears desirable th a t more than the three member convnlttee should have the b e n e fit o f p a rt, or a l l , o f the inform ation attached. Designation o f a spokesman to the press is also requested. J9 Attachment Robert D. McClain, Chairman NPC00036750 763891 i Suggested Response to Notice o f PC8 S p ill: Scope: E stablish fa s t response to n otice o f major s p ill o f PCB (Arocloh/Inerteen); outline action to n o tify a u th o ritie s; in d ica te methods of containment; esta b lish standard, basic Inform ation fo r use by those concerned; act to minimize costs, l i a b i l i t y , loss o f m aterial. A. Incoming notice o f s p ill to be d ire cte d to 1) R. D. McClain - (812) 332-4421 . Extension 273 or (812) 332-5056 (Home) 2) R. 8. Sawyer - (812) 332-4421, Extension 220 or (812) 332-7461 (Home) 3) A. J. F1nk - (812) 332-4421, Extension 298 or (812) 332-5775, (Home) B. Notice o f s p ill w il l be provided by telephone (by one o f the above 3 persons) to the fo llo w in g : 1) Monsanto (618) 271-5835 and B ill Moore, Akron 2) Indiana Stream P o llu tio n Control Board (317) 633-4420 o r (317) 633-5369 or (317) 633-4360 ( a fte r hours) Immediately, whenever p ossible, n o tify the nearest downstream water user. 3) E.P.A. a) I f s p ill is North o f U.S. Highway #40, Chicago (312) 353-6188 or (312) 353-5638 b) I f spi11 1s South o f U.S.Highway #40, E vansville (812) 423-6871, Extension 265 [saine fo r I l l i n o i s ] 4) Illin o is 5) Westinghouse a) Gateway - Roger W ills , A ttorney: WIN 8-235-5815 L.D. r * Home A lte rn a te : NPC00036751 763892 r' I (b) Bloomington - D.A.O. - 0. M. Sauter, Plant Manager - 332-0095 - D. W illiam s, Manager of Manufacturing -339-0611 - J. B r itta in , Manager o f Engineering - 332-5622 - J. L. Shoaff, Matls i Stds. Engineer - 876-5207 - G. E. Mercler, Capacitor Engrg. Manager - 336-3880 - N. E. Maguire, Manager o f Shipping - 332-7646 - K. K e lly, Purchasing Manager - 332-9666 C. A ll r a il shipments, Sauget, I llin o is to Bloomington, are via I llin o is Central Railway, over routes Indicated on attached map. ("A") Nearest highway point (town) 1s c irc le d on attached segment o f highway map ( d" or "C") Bloomington D.A.D. representedve w ill depart fo r s p ill s ite as soon as possible. I t 1s understood th a t the railw ay w ill be In charge o f wreck salvage. (A booklet from the American Railway Association outlines handling of non-hazardous m a te ria ls.) Depending on the magnitude o f the wreck, one o f the follow ing w ill be 1n charge: r *\ Large - Superintendent Medium - Assistant Superintendent Small - Local Trainmaster ("D") Assistance to be rendered w ill be 1n the nature o f providing inform ation as to Id e n tific a tio n o f the m a teria l, precautions to be followed, the urgent need to control and contain the s p ill, and possible means fo r disposal. a) Nature o f m aterial: See label on car. (Copy attached) ("E") See attached extract from ANSI C-107. See In d u s tria l hygiene excerpts from C-107. ("F ") b) CAUTION: DO NOT FLUSH SPILL WITH WATER. DO NOT INCINERATE OR BURN IN THE OPEN ATMOSPHERE. EXTINGUISH ANY FLAMES WITH DRY TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. c) Contain s p ills onto open ground with earth dikes or with absorbent m aterial such as OIL DRY, SAND,SAWDUST, e t c l, or s o il, which can be recollected fo r future disposal. Drain o ff f lu id remaining in tank car in to sealed drums. r * d) Note th a t flu id 1s heavier than water and is almost completely insol Ublc. S p ills in to shallow, s t i l l water, or slow moving water, may be NPC00036752 763893 ft contained with suitable dikes allowing surface clear water to overflow i f necessary. Pump or slu ice out contaminating flu id from bottom. e) PC8 flu id s and contaminated m aterials may be disposed by placing 1n sealed drums. Shipment, to disposal s ite (Monsanto or Chemtrol), w ill be arranged stbsequently. V is ita tio n to the s ite by Indiana Stream Control Board Representative should be expected (in Indiana), to review action being taken, and possibly to make suggestions or to o ffe r In stru ctio n s. ( I f Instructions are not followed, Westinghouse may become lia b le fo r the consequences.) ( " G") D. Information to the press: Inquiries from the press or other news media are to be referred to _______________________ . E. Indiana State Board o f Health regulation SPC-16 requires 5 steps to be completed on notice o f s p ill (See excerpt from Indiana Environmental Health Action, attached). Submission o f a complete report may be required by the Indiana Stream P o llu tio n Control Board Technical Secretary. F. Notice o f lesser s p ills may require p a rt, or a l l , o f the actions above: Possible "medium" s p ills can re s u lt during shipment o f waste to Chemtrol fo r disposal. Sucn s p ills can involve other a u th o ritie s /"S (than I llin o is or Indiana). A card o f minimum Instructio n s (s im ila r to that o f Monsanto's on the tank car) 1s to be provided to the d rive r on each shipment. (See attached). ("H") 6. S p ills from apparatus enroute to a customer are lik e ly , but smallest in p otential magnitude. "S p ill Control In stru ctio n s" attached. 3 NPC000367 53 76389* #* SPILL CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAPACITORS BEING SHIPPED CONFIDENTIAL 1) Put information on b i l l o f lading and each shipment with Instructions to the shippers and to the re c ip ie n t. 2) I f the s p ill Is while the product 1s 1n tr a n s it, n o tific a tio n w ill be received by D.A.D. Shipping. Shipping n o tify McClain, Fink, or Sawyer. 3) I f 1t is a lim ite d Incident In tra n s it (a few u n its) Shipping w ill give the follo w in g in stru ctio n s: a) Return product to Bloomington or the nearest Apparatus Repair Shop w ith proper p ro tection. b) How to clean truck, dock, etc. and dispose of waste material. 4) When the product 1s returned to Bloomington, an RM* number w ill be requested and then the normal RMl procedure w ill apply. I f 1t 1s delivered to an ARP then a Service Order must be entered by the D is tr ic t O ffice fo r the re p a ir. Bloomington in!?. 5) I f I t Is a major Incident (truck wreck or many u n its) notification w ill again be to D.A.D. Shipping. 6) I f the description o f the se verity warrants 1 t, a D.A.D. reprsentt w ill be sent to the s ite Invnediately. 7) D.A.D. w ill give information inmedlately to the shipper on how to contain s p ills , clean up afterwards and then dispose o f waste m a te ria l. NPC00036754 763895 CONFIDENTIAL 2 8) The product should be protected against further spillage and returned to Bloomington or sent to an ARP for repair. Either the RMR procedure or Service Order will apply as appropriate. 9/ If the product has been delivered and is on the customer's site, notification will most likely be through the appropriate District Office (either Sales or Service). Care must be taken to insure that the customer recognizes that the clean-up and disposal are his problems. We can offer advice and give recommended techniques. 10J Repair will be accomplished through the carrier claim route with the site chosen after a survey of the problems. It may be any one of the following: ^ A. Repaired on customer's site. B. Sent to ARP. C. Returned to Bloomington. 9/29/75 UPC00036T55 763696 I NPC000367S6 763897 ? CONFIDENTIAL NPC00036757 763898 i NPC00036738 763899 763900 #. . i ; * z oood o u> CTi kx ' i- J :L L IWRHMILET NO. .11 Recommended Methods For The Safe Loading and Unloading Of Tank Cars Used for Transporting Non-Dangerous Commodities And Protection of Equipment MKVISK NOVKMIIKH I M i ISSi.'KD IkV ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS QlKialioM* in 4 N a in ln itiK t O rparlm rnl FREIGHT LOADING A CONTAINER SECTION 59 East Van Duren Street CHICAGO, ILL. 60605 i  > T IW 311*111.KT .X. II I PIIK H X I'lir tliclhitilr m il hu nt h n r:u fo r Ih r > In i ton of tank iu r> a veil 1 1 tit p im n lu ir for lo ttin e awl uitln.iiliitK mult ti t ir :i|i|>lM'blc only I lank r a t * u w l for Ike II ;ItsItoti.niton of riniitnO'litieti not rl:isnl a* ilangermi:! k> (lie R rp tiblM iit ol lit In te r Coitimeli' O uu illusion. For iN i'tlioik In le (nlloivnl in lit >!tm ii. Inuilihi; .nul iintoailini; or l:ntk ra m for tlu? tr.nts|w>riatiou of i 0111 iii.mIi ' ic s Ih.- -il ilangri-oiis li y Ih r t a rre n ili c llw liu ' Inter,-it;ilr Coitiincn * Cmnnt5Son llrR tikilim is s rf T. C fieni K"s F t r i j l i t T a li If No l.i, iti|i|ilrlliru ls , I l iro.nrs. U* - ni llu ie .iu of K\|tfnn i f ' l*;m i|ililrl No 'i l NPC00036760 ) f t iii r a a r I' .X.XII' I I I . K T Nt>. .11 T. <|t A I . I I H '. W H I N S O F T A N K CAMS A l:ilik i.ir lic it In iU , or licit ha ani ilefret Ito li out.I ucA r leakage luring transit p ibalde. or lic it lets |>I l-in pi p e rii tintoli nil im irlitll. musi nut be used. H i f n i f a Inni, r a r m ai hr uscii for H r li:iis|i.iit:iliui f ani comn ie llili other Ilian d ial i in um iliti fur n in th il is m l i cu lly c|nt|>|ici| anil a iillK 'ri/c il an ind'caiisl hy the name o f die i oumtmlity tr lulled on llic lank in a rro tila nee m ill die m arking rs-ipiiu inents of the speribeatim i, (he ornici of die car, or n a rty aulbnnrcd hy die on ner, must i n u r e ,i|i|n o \ al fur chances in Ine slem iloti name, manloile closure, s afe ly u l t e , im lu H itui ami rduelinn v a i ' ami pi|irs. am i such other chances as are necessary to make the ra r suitaM e for the new service \ *1iliotr sIkju mg the rlcm grs which were ;i|.|.i.n ed am i inaile ..ml die itale musi l>e tilf with the S n n 'l a i y , M. tinnirai Division, V ...x ia l mu o f A iiel CBIt Rail mails 1.0 XDING O F T A N K <\XHS lie f in e lank ra re are In ailnl. the ship|ier must examine the tanks anil tlie ir appurtenance* lo see that the f a i r l y and outlet valves, the safely cents, the closures of oil openings, ami die protective covers of a ll a|i|HH lenam es are in proper condition. Tanks w ith holtnni dis charge nutlets must have llie ir outlet raps nff oi m illet ra p plugs open lu tin g entire lim e tanks ale lieing loaded X flr r loading, tanks which show any dropping o f litpiid contents nl die iv n *- or rivets. > with liottom ou llet i .lives which pci m il none than :t 1**|ap*iiig of die litpiid w ith the outlet ra)s off or oullet cap plugs o|m-h. m iii- I not he -die red for transput ta t inn until pro|er re p a iis have l>crn made Tank cars rejuimied with in terio r heater oils must lie luule| with heater coil inlet ami oullet raps off during entire lim e tanks a ie being loaded am i show no leakage with these raps olf. A ll vlusurcs of openings in tank ears and o f Ih cir prole live hous ing must lie pro|ierlv .secured in place hi the use of a bar. rein h. nr other suitable tool A wrench h a tin g a handle .it least IS inclves lung must Ik- U!i*l to apply the outlet valve cat. .M.inlmlc overs and outlet valve rap. must lie made lig h t against leakage of vapor and liquid, by use uf gaskets of suitum r m aterial, bv for- its are tendered In c a n ter fo r tran sp ortation l.u tin g m aterials m in i not In* used in outlet up or on threads o f hutlum o u tle t Com bustible liquids, w ith flashpoint lelw-rii PI amt 2ft0 degrees Fahrenheit, must not be loaded into tank earn on cat riei s' propel tv from tank tlin k s , wagons or other portable eonlainers. S e n ion 8 of Rule 35, l niform Freigh t C'las#ilirali"M No 7, effie liv e August I , I'Atit, pro ides in p a rt as follow s: " , . Flam m able liquids vi ith Hash point o f 8ft degrees Fahrcnln-it or below , in tank r u . ami , . . t'nnihuslible liquids having a fl.i-'li point In r i than 2mI degrees F a ln ru h c it, except asphalt or ta r. in tank eais. must not t*c shipped ami w ill not hip delivered unless consigned to parlies accepting d e live r) on private sidings, or iunsigned to |i.n ( iH accept- I -jt i! : j i ' {'I p ;:.\ ' !*: .i :j-.?si r1 ji \ Kitt >. l ri i n I iK Ir li r iv from r.lilri':ii1 shliegs ln r ( facilities r 'i l for piping l.^ u il Ii>mi I.>iik r a i tu permanent storage tanks." ! M n iim im weight o f loail mtisl nH f v r r i l I jwhI l.im il sb' ncilril nu Iai. AII-* ("ailing is i*iini|i|i ti <| n r must hr r v a n iin iil tn a s iT ila in i f th e ir is suPicienl rlra ia n e c M s m i M r W a rin g ii tn perm it frc r rur .itn ie of trm k s . T li :tei.igo liM ia iK i' per sule W a rin g slmuM not r u r r d ' inch f [ I N I.O \O I\C OK T A N K CARS i ' , In unloading tank r a n Mir follow ing rule? m ust W ohservrd: ' S riiiu n ! of Itu le ;t5, I'n ifo rm Freigh t Classification h V 7, t U r r - ie August l. liH t, p r m iih '* in part a- follows: " . . . Flam m able la |tin l. with fla s h point of Kfl ilcgrees Fahrenheit nr heh>v, in lank ira . nml . . C'onibuM llilr li.pii.ls having a flash point lower than JIM degrees F a ln rn h e it, e s rrp t asphalt ur ta r , in tank rnrs, must net lie hipped ami ill nut In- ilrli*erel unless consigned to pa rtir ! ` a rrc p tin g i l r l i r iy on ir u a lr sidings, n r consigned to parlies acceptmg delivery Ira n i n id i o ld sWing here fneilities eMst for piping lii|unl front tank to rs lu p eim ainvlit s lm a g r ta n k s '* I'-ih o id in g n jw r .ilions ' hoiil-t ln> peiTnrninl only by reliable persons l>ro |K ilj in.trie li'il ami mailt- 1 '|m m iltlr for ra re fu l otn plian rr vsit li these reg ulatio n*. Itra ke * must W m *I anil Iw-el b lm k rd na all cars being uuloarlrit. C aution signs must la* so p la in t on Ihc t ia r k or car as to give i nn't-ssai> valuing lu persons appi'inching ra r frum n|en enil or m ils [ ul sitling ami must In* le ft up until a fte r ai is unloaded ami iliv o n i i<n lit! fio m tli' liai ev roiim s lion Signs must be of m clal, nl least ' l i b I t im In s in n r.r a ml Insu the erils. " S T O I'- Tank C a r Con in i le d ." or 'S | t i l ' -- Men al W o rk ," the u n i " S T O P '* W o ig in letters at lea I 1 in. tn s high am i I Im- ntln r n o n ls in letters at least 2 inches j high The It'll* i~> must Ih1 *Ini- on a hide hnrkground. 1 l i r f 'ir r manhole c o n r or m illet valve rap is rein. ml, tank ra r must r In- telievcil I in lr r in r p ie-ur* lv cooling tank vill n a le r or vent' ing tank by raising s s f i j :le or opening vent on dome at short r interills T h e re p rrra u l inis are not necessary when ear is ei|uip|>ed ilk a m anhole <i.ei huh li.ngi-s in aril or u illi an inner manhole n o < r vlinh il.'i'S iot hai to W removed lo unload the ra r. nml when pressure is i elle i t I b) piping v.i|m r inln a onth-nier nr storage tank. A ft*' pressure. If any, is released, seal shoutil l*e hrnkrn anil man hole c o iv i rcniuvml as foil*.*:i i S u r ' l y t i r Cnvei n n i-i Ih* lonseneil by piai ing bar W tu e r n * m anlm le rier log am i km.h A lia r lo ro m p le lf (urne, so lh .it vrn t r ' ii|M'inngs are r v ih o n l, th<- u|iei ation must he stoppisi. nml if llir r e is . . a m Souiiil >( es4'a|ng v:t|wie. tlir r m i*r must W again srrcwed ilo* l tight! ami inleli*r |or'o>iiic r e i n i as im -scribol ala n e . befnre again attem p im i; b reinu- th in ve '. IV NpC00036761 *- Li i rAMI'III.KT No. II H inged uniI Imllcd ty|Hr A ll nals must lie lilt s ! ic w ril our onnpli lc t u i . .ilti't n in th same precautions as | ir o V t ili|i| fot Ji t m tyjnr nivcr must be ob sciM il In te l inr lj f |t r .--A ll lilt and unders must Ik- rar'fully u n io m l f r o n t around ovrr Imfori: yoke is u n s ir m r il. W hen cur is unln.vd'd th ro u g h b o tto m o u tle t v.ilw -. manhole <over m u s t bo a d ju s te d as follows: Screw tvpe -- Manhele rover >nust be plt in lure, but not entirely s rrrn c il ilo s n , in order that uir may e n lrr tank through vent boles in tbreuibsl flange of c-nter. Ilm g e d am i b oile d ty p e A s m a ll wunion IIh k should he placed uniter one edge of rover. In te rio r ty p e .- Screw must be tightened up in yoke so that rm o r w it' be brm jght up within one Half inch o f closed imsition When unloading through bottom outlet o f eurs equippml w ith in te iin i nianltole type o f rovers, amt in a ll eases whole unloading is thine through the manhole (unless special enters are used, protidetl with s a fe ly-v e n t opening ami tig ht connection for discharge o u tle t), the manhole must be protected against entrance o f 'lust, tin t, cinders ot other foreign m utter, that m igh t ra u re io n ta n iin .ilinn nf the tailing, by aslicr.lus or metal covers or by being roei>-l and .unfounded with wet burlap (turl.ip must be krp t dam p by re|*l:n-inmi nr the .ippli ra th m of w ater as ne*del Seals or other substances must nt lc throw n into the tank A bo ra re must he taken to avnirt spitting any o f the nntrnts over car or tank. Valve roil liamllc or to n tio l in dome must be operated a few limes to see that outlet valve in tioltom o f tuuk is un its seat hi-finr valve ra p is removed. Vale rap , or rcilncer when large m illet is to he used, must hr rentoted with suitable w rrn rh a fte r set n -rrs n are loosened and a null is plai cl in |M>sttiiin to catch any liquid that ni:iy lx> in n u tlrl ehamlier. I f villvc ra p nr reducer lines not unscrew easily, it must Iw tapped lig h tly w ith m ullet nr wnmlcn b lu rt in an upw ard dire tion. I f leakage shows upon s ta llin g thr rem oval, ra p or teducer must not he entuely unscrewed, but sultirient threads must lie le ft engaged and sufficient tim e albiwed to prm it escape e f any ski uraulatiou of liquid in the outlet rh-im tier. I f leakage stops or in itia l ra te of leakage lim itn-hr m a te ria lly , enp or reducer may be e n tirrlv reunited. I f in itia l rate >l leakage riHiliim es, further efforts m u d lie made to sent tlie outlet v a ltc . It this fails, the cap or in lu c e r must l>e s c r e w e d up lig h t ami tank must In - unloaded through the dome I f ii|Min rem oval of the n u tlrl cap the utlet i handier is fm mil In l>r Idni k n l w ith f in /r n ln|uid nr any other iw attcr. rpl wc cap iiumeih ly and make careful e v im in a lim i In determ ine that nutlet rusting has not lin n n a r k e d . I f the nhsllu* lion is not froae h|uid, tin- car mu t l>e untn:nl-il through llie |ome If the ohslrui tinli i> fiin .ll li|uid am i no crack has Ih-i -ii fmiml in llie nu tlet casting, the car may. if it iiu in - staiwes require t. be uidadel from the hntlom as follows: `. * *' ** _* ( \! PAM P il i.KT N. :i I H<rt*nve r;i|t .nul .i(l:u h un(ilniK c i'iiiifi f!in m iiirdi.vli'lv. T lir ll, Ik'I i i ) a|riiinp lin- t u l t r iiii-l- thc Inola a. |'|'lv i I r i m In mtsiale u f illi.'l aM inj; <>i u r:i|t r iM in i; vvith l*i fi*|> or olln-i r.ic * nul :i|i|ily Im>I 'M i t lu mAlt Ihc irn .-fu lintiul In riaay v m l, lr|i unl<MiliiiR is r u iis iilitn l Njf i lias h.lia ni unlaa.nling. l'id m u lin g rm inv'liiiH 'i niu-l lie s n u ir l) atl.U lirai In t n lm ili iiK SIIP|H|X S r n i Im i i c n i I laaitlaain ali-a l i a i K r outlcls lat-fa.rn alisa lurg` V al i>* T:>nla r a r i m ut noi In* a lln H lo Istmi vvilh unlnadinp cniinertinns allnalwal n f lr i unlainiliiip is a-i<i|afetrl. nini llirnupboul lite p n lilr |N riil 1 unliiailiiiK . tir u lu le f a r is (H H u rtlriI to wnl<alinp alrvire, lite f a r lu u -l In- allenai al la Ili.- utllnsialer. I f n.-aessury In ili-'raanlinur tiiiliali)tc a tank ar foi unv resistiti, aH uiali-a*lmp cnitn erlinii* musi We ali.^aaiiiii-flnl. AH valve must Tirsi In* lig h lly rlm etl, ami fhi* -Insiire n f all nther t|*-taiiKM w u r e ly :i|i|iliral A Samn ns il tan k r .ir ir riil|le'.el> uiitosialed, a ll v alv e* nm.-al lae nmale liutai, lite uni...ialini; aanin eri i.m inut be temi ail am i a ll o lh r r rio-m era in aile tip lil, rM f|H lim i h r a te r rn il in lrl am i n u lle ! iii|arr n w il le I r li !( fot ilra in a p e T h e inaiiliiile ver m usi lae st||lirt Hy th use n i j laar ar i i i k Ii. Ilw n tillc i valve rra lu ier am i aulir! v alv e C3|i liv lise uve aif a re n a li travine a lianalle al lesi! 48 inalvei Inni;, am i th mal tal valve an|a |lc. pani |alup. and all .llier a loxuri-s n f n|icitinS am i I llie ir |ai'aa|ea tiva- hn .itap b j llir use u f a Miilalale Inni K.i:l|u:il la-fa- I calai m usi inai he relHoved. riu ajnd arm im i rannerlxns m usi |>e verrai vvalh fre s h . alrj am i or alari, af a ll) n aali-iials h;vr b e n i sfilllail |ir-v toul)'. All Imals and 'iai|alrnnaiils used in a-aanm lin o vvilli iinlnailinp Inaulal lae ke|it a ita li a l all In n es ^9COOOdH CT> Ni SECTION 1 PREFACE L GENERAL Askarels consisting of or containing polychlori nated biphcynli (PCB'S) hive bees used In many application foi over forty yean, but only recently ku evidence discovered that PCB's are widely Oitpened in the environment. Systematic investi gations of the biological effects of PCB's have been undertaken within the past few yean to e r ubliih the effects of specific formulations upon specific species. Some studies have shown that PCB's may be an environmental contaminant. Simultaneously, significant steps have been taken by U. S. Industry to limit further releases of PCB's to the environment. PCB's have been used tn three bsoad types of applicsnoni for the past forty yean, as follows; (a) "open ended" applications, for example, In paints, specialty inks, paper coatings, plastics, etc., (b) "nominally closed" applications, lot example, as the working fluid in hydraulic or heat transfer systems; and (c) "closed electrical system" applications, specifically as the Insulating fluid in certain types of transformers and capaci tors. The Monsanto Company is the sole U. S. producer of PCB s. It has discontinued supplying the material for all type (a) and (b) applications. Evaluations of the alternatives and rtsk/benefits involved in the continued use of PCB's in cloaed electrical systems arc summanaed in the following. Askarel-filled power and industrial capacitors are significantly smaller, more tellable, more durable, and safer than oil-Riled capacitors. As a result, askarels have supplanted mineral oils in more than 90 percent of the power and industrial capacitors made today. Over the past few decades most of the equipment that incorporates such capacitors bar been designed to tine particular advantage of the liae, safety and reliability beneUts of askarel ca pacitors (e. g., many types ere today leas than 14 percent of the alee of equivalent oil capacitors and have a life expectancy of ten to more than twenty years). Various federal, lu te and local codes, therefore, require their continued use in or adjacent to public, commercial and industrial buildings which locations present the greatest potential danger to life and property. m . RISKS in the United States, medical records over a nearly forty-year penod show that the only acW verse health effects experienced by U.S. workers exposed to askarels, either during the manufacture of these liquids or ol electncal equipment con taining chue liquios. have been limited to oc casional cases of non-chronic chioracne or other temporary skin lesions or irnutiorj. 11. BENEFITS Askarel-filled transformen do not bum or sustain ia under conditions of internal electrical arcing. Askarel-filled transformers and capacitors are delivered ro customers as sealed units from which there U no escape of askarel under normal oper ation. While certain types of equipment failures can permit loss of some askarel to (lie envlton- SecOon 1 Pagel NPC00036763 763904 ''"s n rv 1 ) OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O FF IC IA L STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN O FFICIAL ORAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS O ITO IDE OF NEMA meet. Lrantiormer failures are limited to approx imately 0.02 percent of the units in service pc: year. With respect to capacitors, such losses arc limited to approximately 0.02 percent of the askarel put into service per yeai. in addition, Lrruted amounts of PCB't can get into the en vironment during the manufacture, delivery, improper use, maintenance, repair and disposal of transformers and capacitors. Specific control measures Lave been instituted by individual manufacturers and are supplemented and strengthened by nauonal standards and procedures such as this Guide which provides information to prevent the inadvertent losa of PCB's to tbe environ ment at all stages from initial askarel manufacture thruugh ultimate disposaL IV. ALTERNATIVES fCr technical and local and national code rea sons. it would be impossible to replace most askarelislied transJormcrt now in service with oil-filled units cl equivalent ratings, without major coictrucuon changes ihai would be required to compensate for the tire resistance of the askarel- filled units, l-or certain applications and locations, dry-type translormcts may replace askarel-filled uansiormert. for new installations, while many of the lim itations noted above would soli apply, building and installation design prowm'itr could be made to aeeumnvjuatc the use of oil-lilted, open drytype, or sealed dry-type transformers provided necessary technical, rode, physical size, and cost ronudetauons are properly evaluated. Sectioi. 1 page 2 The principal alternative to askartIs for capac itors is mineral oil, but such replacement would return capacitor technology to Its prc-1932 level and would necessitate tbe redesign and replace ment of such widely used equipment as fluores cent light fixtures and racks for power and in duction heating capacitors, which could not now accommodate the increased size of oil capacitors while maintaining their piaaent ratings. The coit of askarel liquids Is about five to ten times more than mineral oiL Thus, long before there were any environmental concerns about PCD1*, there was a strong economic In centive to find other less expensive insulating Lquids with the desirable characteristics of askarel*. Since the 1930's at least ten major chemical ot electrical companies have invested large amounts of amt and money in this search, all with no success. While potential substitutes that are most costly tiian iskarcls have also re ceived some consideration (e .g ., (luortnated liquids), little is known about cither their elec trical performance or possible ill effects upon the environment. There are today no fluids that can be used as a direct replacement for askarel*. V. INTEPDEPAl'TMENTAL TASK TORCE ON PCB'S An in-C.pili srudy ol PCB'i has recently been completed by five Exerutive Branch De artmenu of tile federal government. This Intcrdi partmcntal Task lorrt on P u s issued tbcir icpor cnutled. Polychlorinated phenyls and the Environment." in May, l'J'2 . * s-c .Sccuoii 1 Page 3 lor the wuiicluiiou quoted trom page 4 ol iiu* report. s uitruA't.J by the Nsoonal Technical niformaiion bcrvicc. I . S. Department of Commerce. .Springheld. Virginia 22151. Price SG. 0C, (C c ,,V C 00036T6A 763905 f OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O FF IC IA L tTA N D AR O S PROPOSAL IS AN O FFIC IAL ORAFT OF A PROFOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA I Table 1 Typical Properties of Aroclot 1016 Property and Method Typical Valu Color (APHA)................................................... ...................................... .............. Condition...................................................... ................................................... . Specific Gravity at 25/15,5#C (ASTM D 1810)................................................ Acidity (mg, KOH/g.) (ASTM D 074, D 664)................................................ Moisture............................................................................ ................................. .. Refracdvt Index at 25*C (ASTM D 18 1 7 )......................................................... inorganic (Tree) Chlorides (ASTM D 18 2 1 )........................................................ Pour point (ASTM D 9 7 ) ......................................................................................... Dielectric Constant (ASTM D 924) (1000 llz at 100*C)................................ Remuvtcy (ASTM D 11G9) (500 VDC at 100*C, 0.1-utch Gap.) ........................................ .................................................. .................... Hydrolysis Stability Test (ASTM D 1820) (As Chlorides).............................. Thermal Stability Test (ASTM D 1936) (Al Chlorides).................................. Distillation Range (ASTM D 20 Corrected) 10 percent Distilled by Weight.............. ................................................... . 90 percent Dualled by W eight.................................................................. Higher Doiling Bomologi (Monsanto Medtod T -02302)......................... .. Sulfates (ASTM D 117)............................................................................................ Dielectric Strength at 25*C (ASTM D 877)........................................................ Flash Point, Cleveland Open Cup (ASTM D92) .................... ........................ lire Point................................................................................................................... Corrosion Tell (0 hours at 210*C with bright aluminum loil) Change in Weight of Aluminum........................................................... .. Viscosity at 100*F (SUS) (ASTM D 88).............................................................. Specific lleat at 2VC .................................................................. .. Coefficient of Exparaion (ASTM D 1903)............................................................. lixed Chlorine (Canul),.......................................................................................... Po*cr Factor at 100*C 60 111 (Monsanto Method T-2273) Bulk....................................................................................................................... Drums.............................................................. .................................................... 40, max. Clear 1.362-1.372 0.010 max. 35 ppm, max. 1.6215-1.6235 0.05 ppin. max. -14*C or lower 4.70-4.90 500 x 10 ohm-cm, min. 0.5 ppm. max. 0.4 ppm, max. 323*C. min. 356*C, max. 0.4 percent, max. None 35 kV. nun. 338*F. nun. None to Bolling Point 0.0 percent 71-81 0. 30 0.0006S cc/cc/*C 41.3 t 0.5 percent 1 percent, max. 4 percent, max. Section 2 Page 2 0 NPC00036765 763906 H CONFIDENTIAL OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL ^ THIS O FF IC IA L ITA N D AR O S PROPOSAL IS AN O FF IC IA L DRAFT -- OF A FROFOSCD STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION t Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA SECTION 2 CAPACITOR GUIDELINES I. INTRODUCTION IL CAPACITOW-GRADE ASKAREL The environmental effect* of askareb ere under In September of 1971, a wew grade of capac in-depth study by governmental and other agencies. itor imprgnant. Aroclot 1016, was made avail Askatels have been considered relatively harmless to able to the industry. This new grade contains a humans based on about forty years of safe Industrial typical concentration of 0.4 percent by weight of usage. There has been no known Instance of human the higher boiling homologs of the chlorinated injury when they were used under the normally ac biphenyls. * Aroclot 1016 replaces Aroclor 1242 cepted precautions and conditions of handling in which pteviously was the major capacitor imprg both manufacturing and user applications. nant and contained around 7 percent of the higher Traces of askareb are being found in the en vironment and In Osh and birdllie. The long-term gencac and ecological effects are not yat com pletely unoamood. Por Usese reasons, cart should be taken to contain asksrels and minimise their entry into the environment. boiling homologs (the more persistent in nature). This 0,4 percent level of the higher boiling ho mologs should be the maximum concentration acceptable in any capacitor impregnanti Aroclor 1242 and 1234, previously used ai impregnano, do not meet this requirement and should no longer be used In capacito designed and manufactured There are two general clams of askareb used fot alternating-current applications. by the elecmeal industry. The higher chlorinated grsoes arc the more pertinent in nature. Because i ol their high degree of nonflammability, they are r used in transformen where personnel safety is of Aroclor 1016 has the same UL nonflammability rating as Aroclor 1242. lo typical properties arc given in Table 1. (See Section 2 Page 2.) i parmount importance. Cspacitor-gride askarel has a lower degree of IIL PLANT HOUSEKEEPING AND EMPLOYEE SAFETY_______ chlotination (composed primarily of the b-chlorine isomers of biphenyl) and a higher degree of Mo- The following procedures end limits are In uegtadtblUcy, Generally, U has not been found In tended to be minimum requirements to be met animal hie. It is used In capacitors where Uie by manufacturer! and users of capacitors contain titremc degree of nonflammability required in ing askareL Handling, control and disposal pro ti uanslormers is of less importance. Although capacitor* and transformer-grade cedures are given, together with exposure llrrun and Indicated antidotes and cleanup procedures. *krcls both contain member* of the PCS family, A. Material they oo differ In composition, degree of biodegrad- Askarel for use In capacitors should consist of Nbty. persistence in nature, electrical stability. homologs and isomers of chlorinated biphenyl with chcrrucal.subiUty. and degree of nonflammability the concentaaon of the higher boiling homologs at (both are recognised as nonflammable). It is lor about 0.4 percent. * Aroclor 101G is considered to hise reasons that this section of the Guidelines be the standard impregnsnt meeting these require l> irtended to apply to capacitor-grade askareL ments. * Monsanto Method T -02302. Section 2 Page 1 ! NPC00036766 763907 f*T V OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL \^ ^ THIS O FF IC IA L STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN O FF IC IA L DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION SY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Commonly used solvents include benzene, keroicne, acetone, trichlorotthanc, trichloroethylene and perchlorocthylene. Typical vapor pressure data lor Aroclcr 101C are- 0*C 2'>*C 150*C 2O0*C TM * * 0.001 0.000 4.3 29.0 mm mm mm mm At 25V and ICO mm Hg prwaurc. saturated air contain approximately 0.09 mg/liter. Q mg/liter -- 90.0 ppm (v/vj] Q, ppm (v/v) 0.011 mg/UterJ B. Bulk nuid Shipment, Receiving, anO Traiafcr Shipment ol as*arc! from point of manufacture to point of receiving ihould be done in ekited container luch as rail tank can, truck tank, manne or barge tanka, or sealed dmms. Con tainer ihould be labeled as to content and carry a label cautioning againat loss of fluid to the open environment. Container used to transport askarel should not be used lot storage or to transport oilier material witlnut being com pletely cleaned of all traces of aakareL (Clean ly ptocedures mutt take cognizance of pre cautions against excessive exposure and of the need for proper disposal of contaminated cleans* thg solvent* and materials as set forth in Part V of this Section,) Transfer from shipping contain to processing system* should be through closed piping or tubing with appropriate valves, pumps, ctr. Provision should be made for capping and disposing of fluid lost by leakage or spills from Ihe transfer system and from the storage con tainers, Drorns to be retired from use should be cleaned k*loe crushing, delivery to scrap dealers, or other ^pouL Contaminated cleaning fluids and mi* lenaU should be disposed ol as indicated in Pan V. C, General Safety Precautions Although U a generally accepted that exposure to capacitur-gradc askarel Is not hazardous pro vided simple precautions are UMcn, exposure ihould still be avoided 1. Vapor--The odor of askarel is noticeable well below the maximum air concentra tions considered safe. Up to 1.0 milligram per cubic meter of air Las been determined to be the maximum safe level of exposure during an &-hour work day (Par. C. ref erence Hi. The procedures for performing the necessary analytes are contained in Section j . "A Tentative Procedure for the Determination of Airborne-Polychlorinated Bipbcnyla. * Breathing vapor or fumes from heated askaral should be avoided Provisions should bo made for adequate ventilation and regulation of manufacturing operations to avoid open exposure to askarel (especially at S5*C or higher). TIk gases produced whet: askarel is decomposed by very high temperatures (such as that of an electric arc) in die pres ence of air or organic Insulating materials contain a high percentage of hydrogen chlo ride, and small percentages of carbon di oxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen. Minute concentrations of this combination of gases are very unpleasant and irritating, thus giving ample warning of their presence. If exposure to high concentrations of askarel Is necessary under emergency conditions, an approved gas mask or self-contained breathing appa ratus should be warn. Sucb exposure should be under the surveillance of other personnel capable of rescue in case ol an arridcru If the ouor of askarel is detected by the person wearing protective equipment, lie should im mediately go into fresh air. AU gas masks, respirators and replacement para siiould have bureau of Mines approval and be maintained on a regular schedule 4.accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. --tlon 2 Page 3 NPC00036767 763908 > R J CONFIDENTIAL OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O FFIC IAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN O FFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY O RG ANIZATION S OUTSIDE OF NEMA 2. liquid--Unlike insulating oil. there : v:r- j Persons developing a skin irritation or res tually no fire hazard in handing aska-cl piratory tract irritation wltilc working widi A limited solvent action (similar to (ha* askarels should be placed under the super lor paint thinner) on the fau and oils of vision of a physician. the skin with prolonged contact may lead to drying and chapping ol the skin. As Ingestion or swallowing of askarels is not with insulating oil, some people are al generally regarded as a problem of the In lergic to aakarel and continued exposure dustry. Should accidental ingestion occur, may remit In skin irritation. Both tin. a physician should be consulted. Hands liquid and vapor are moderately irritating should be washed widi warm water and soap to eye uaauc. before eating, drinking, smoking ot using toilet facilities. Operating procedures ihould be such as to minimize or eliminate contact with askarels. 13. Manufacturing Housekeeping Use of eye protection is recommended. Manulacturing equipment and operating pro The use of porous gloves which can absorb and retain askarels Is 10 be avoided, bar rier creams* or resistant glovesf should be cedures should safeguard against lots of askarels tn die environment through proper containment and disposal procedures. used if i ontact is unavoidable. Use of en- cloaed transfer and handling equipment, Unclosed systems of sealed piping, properly U processing equipment, and mechanical gasketed joints, valves, containers, and pro washers reduces direct contact. cessing chambers slionld he used for any portion of die operation where askarcl temperatures may Medicinal washes or mild deierptnts fol exceed ViV. F.nclosurc tliuulo p refe ra b ly extend lowed by the application of colJ cream to ail otlicr portions of die system insofar as will reduce the irritation resulting Irom practicable. die contact of an upon cut or abranon with askareL containment provisions sliould be establislicd around all askarcl processing areas to ensure Safety glasses with side shields or a face against inadvertent loss to sewe: systems by shield should be worn when handling askarels. spillage, leakage, oi other uucontrollcu con If liquid askarcl contacts the eye*, tire eyes ditions or events. should be irngared immediately widi large quantities of running water for IS nuuuics Spills of asharel *ho< Id be removed proinptlv and tJiei: examined by a pliysician. (A drop by means of absorptive material, such as sawdust, of castor oil has been lound to reduce ir or sapped and removed by pumping ot odicr ritation. i suitable means. v lot example, Pl.Y No. b Cel (Milhurn c.o.. *kt:or, Michigan), or kerodex 471 (Ayers Laboratories P, O. Box 82%, ( Inmli Street Station. New T.irk, N. V. lUlHbi, or the equivalent. t Edmoni. Solvit Section 2 Page I (Merslr k ol Uridgeport. J.* 'rosr Street. Bridgeport. I'onn. OCbOl). ot the quivaler.1. __ ^ NPC00036768 763909 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O F F IC IA L STANDARDS PROPOSAL S AN O FFIC IAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS Ol/TSIOE OF NEMA Waste fluids containing askarel nor tollable for reconditioning or reuse should be collected (by means of trap, dnp pans, trays, e tc .) from the various para of the manufacturing and processing area (including washers or other clcaiung devices). Disposal should be made in accordance with Part V of this section. Wiper rags, clothing and other extraneous ma terials saturated with askarcls should be collected within the containment area lor properly controlled Laundering or disposal (see Part V of this section). E. Disposal of Askarcl Wastes Metitods for disposal of liquids and saturated solids generated by die manularTuring operation should be in accordance with those outlined in Pan V of this section and should Include (but not be limited to) die following wastes: 1. Contaminated liquid askarel which is unsuit able for reclaiming as a dielectric fluid. 2. liquid askarel from solvent operations or water/detergem type washers. 2. Saturated earth or other abrorbent media from filtering operations. 4. Saturated sawdust or other absorptive ma terials from spills. 5. Saturated filters from vapor control devices and other fllteis. 6. Saturated wastes (paper, rags, e t c .) . Saturated, spent gasket materials. Askarel-contsmlnated vacuum pump oils. * Askarel-contamlnated saeam jet vacuum system condensates. I, Miscellaneous Procedures 1. Spills by leakage from finished capacitors should be cleaned up promptly by means of absorbent media which tftould then be moved to containers provided for dial pur pose within the containment area and later disposed of properly. 2. Askarel wastes should never be disposed of oown efiluent drains or sewers. The utmost care must be exercised to prevent accidental loss by these avenues to die environment. 3. Capacitors failing seso or otherwise desig nated for disposal must be controlled and handled in accordance with the intent of the procedures above, finally being disposed of by one of the means outlined in Part V of this section. G. References1 1. Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company: Technical Dulletin 0-FF/1R. Aroclor^) Polychlorinated Polyphenyls (Biphenyls) (November 1971). 2. American Conference of Governmental In dustrial Hyglemsa: Threshold Limit Values tot 1964. AMA Archievcs of Environmental Health 9 54 (1904). 3. Trcon, J. F., F. P. Cleveland. J. Cappel, and R.W. Atchley: The Toxicity of the Vapor* of Aroclor 1242 and Aroclor 1254. American Industrial Hygiene Association (Quarterly 17; 204 (1956). 4. Elkins. I LB. : The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology. John Wiley and Sons. Inc., New York (1939). Section 2 Page 5 NPC00036769 763910 OFFICIAI STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O FFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL I t AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD OFVELOPED M ITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 5. Drinker, C. K .. M. F. Warren. and G. A. Bennet: The Problem of Possible Syitcmic Effect! from Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Journal of Industrial Hy giene and Toxicology 19:283 (1937). 6. Drinker, C. K .: further Observations on the Possible Systemic Toxicity of Certain of die Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 21:13ft (1939). 7. Greenburg, L., M.R. Mayen. and A. R. Smith: The Systemic Effects Re sulting from Exposure to Certain Chlortnnated Hydrocarbons. Journal ol Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 21:29 (1939). 8. Hygienic Guide Series "Chlorodlphenyls' (January-February 1963) by the American Indusmal Hygiene Association, 210 IIaddon Avenue, Westmont. N.J. 06108. IV. CONTROL OF WATER EFFLUENTS The Industry goal Is to eliminate askarel in plant water effluent streams. However, it is recognized that existing drain systems in capac itor manufacturing plants arc probably contam inated as a result of past practices, and askarel traces may connnue to slow up in effluent streams for some ttme. However, the level shOuld continue to decrease with die proper containment of atkarul wastes and no furrher discharges into drain systems. Other set dot of this Guide provide that no askarel wastes ,of any kind be disposed of in any water effluent streams and that accidental spiUs be prevented from getting into such streams. Section 2 Page C A. Conccntxanon Limits The 1 97'J EPA proposals are to keep PCB levels in riven and Lakes below 0.01 parts per billion. Plant ellluent streams should be man aged and controlled In a manner consistent with this goal. B. Monitoring Streams On a regular basa consistent with plant sit uations, all effluent streams should be analysed. The procedures for performing the necessary analy ses are contained in Section ft, Analysis of Water and Sediment for Polychlorinated Biphenyls. This procedure ot i s equivalent sliould be used. C. Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream Contzminatlon*V, The ideal approach is u> totally isolate all effluent streams that could be contaminated with askarels during manufacturing processes and pre vent them from being discharged from the plant. Carbon adsorption, limestone beds, and to.vent extraction are techniques which can be appLad to reduce the askarel content of effluent streams. These techniques may be most useful in cleaning up water used in plant processing and to permit recycling. V, SCRAP DISPOSAL PRUCEDfRES Tim iPinufacntrc and use of .inaction Involve process* winch produce aikarel-saturatcd solids and liquids containing or composed entirely of askarel. which should be disposed ot as wastes. Specific sources of dtese materials appear through out this document but may be placed into three categories: NPC00036770 763911 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL T H U O FFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORG ANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OP NEMA 1. Capacitor units impregnated with askarel, production ami held rejects. 2. Manufacturing process liquid wastes con* :aming askarcL 3. Solid waste purpoaely or accioently satuFated witli askarcL ; DUpcsel should be done in a manner whteb : comljter't witli proper concern for ilie cnvtronnK'St and wltich minimizes any release of askarcls to il'u environment. A. Disposal of Capacitor Units Scrap capantor units can be generated during manufacturing processes or during field service. Production reject* are those capacitors which are retorted alter the impregnauun process in tin: course of produenon by rlic capacitor manulac* wrer. They may be rejected lor mechanical or ckrrrlcal rcaaora, or because oi obeolcsccncc. Held reject* are those unit* which arc re* teted or which, far other reasons, arc to be trapped alter Moment from the plant wltere 'Uy were manufactured. 1. Production Rejects--Rejected capaciton in capacitor manufacturing plant* represenr a coneantrailon of askarel. It U important that their disposition be made in a manner consistent with proper concern tor cite en vironment. Therefore, capacitors sliould be disposed of only in supcrvi*.d dry land- Ml uru wlilch meet all applicable State requirenienis. j Incliicriuon of scrap capacitors in facilldet designed to accept :uch solids should provide xn alternative means of disposal as such services become available in the future. 2. Held Reject--Small capacitors (defined as containing lea than 2 pound nf askateh arc pracucally always used as components In oilier electrical or electromechanical euutp* incut. Typical examples of Large quartoty usage ol such capaciton are In fluorescent lamp ballasts and residential air eondiaontng equipment. Failure of such capacitors may result in scrapping of the device of which it I* a part (as in a fluorescent ballast) or re placement and scrapping ol tltc individual capacitor (as lit a room air conditioner). However, the majority ol such capacitors do not fall in service, but arc scrapped as a 'csult of wearing out or obsolescence of the devices in wlilch the capaciton arc used as component; Thus, die matter of disposal is characterized by a tow concentration of small quantities of askarel throughout the country and, indeed, througltoui the world, rortunarcly. the nature of die devices and equipment In wltich such capaciton are used is such that tliuy are normally disposed of In dry landfills as a matter of convenience. Since it tl lmpracdcal at present to exercise any meaningful control over tltc disposition of the bulk oi such devices and equipment. It is imperative that askarel used tor im pregnating small capaciton be limited to the recently Introduced rype which contains a typical concentration of 0.4 percent ol die higher colling homoloqs. * Large capacitors (those incorporating more than 2 pounds of askarel) sltould be disposed of according to tltc procedure lor production rejects (see par. A.1). -**e should be exercised in Insure that no . liquid will occur during transportation . 10 * c disposal rite. * Monsanto Method T -02302. Section 2 Pag* T NPC00036771 763912 . _.i : *i L. I *< OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THI*T OFFICIAL STANDARD PROFOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL D RAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED O RGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION 1 Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA * o D. Disposal of Liquid Wtc> Containers used for tills purpose should All waste askarcl or liquid wastes containing not be used for any other materials or askaral should be dispoied of In accordance with retired Irom service until they are com one of lite following procedures pletely cleaned. Any solvents used In cleaning tltcsc containers will be con taminated with askarel and sliould be 1. Incineration--Present knowledge Indicates tint proper incineration must involve a disposed of according to die same pro cedures herein described. suitable balance between dwell time and temperature in the Incinerator plus oxygen aval lability and, finally, suitable scrub bers to remove the I(Cl which will be formed; c .g ., (1) second dwell time at 2000*T and 3 percent excess oxygen In srack gas; (2) 1 1/2 -Second dwell time C. Disposal of Solid Wastes*1 (Sec Par, A for Scrap Capacitors) All solid wastes which have been saturated with askarcl sliould be disposed of by the lollowiug procedure: at 2700*1 and 2 per. ent excess oxygen In stack gas. 1. The saturated wastes sliould be placed Into leak-proof containers and transported to a U Tltcsc facilities should meet die applicable rupcivised dry landliU ute meeting State requirements ot the State in which they are requirements. Alternatively, they can be located and sliould control effluents wirluii disputed of by incineration lit State-approved * Use limits set forth in this document. facilities. 2. Toxic and Hazardous Waste Disposal SitesCertaln landfill sites luv been claid lied by state ami Icdcral Government! as suit able tor the disposal of toxu and hazard ous liquids, Where null approved situ exist, cli^y may bo used lot tlie disposal of liquid wastes described in lids document. (Sec Section A .) 2, Solid alworbents used for spills can be disI*-tied ol tiueontamed tn tlte supervisee dry laiulliU Site; transport to die site should be lu closed containers. Alternatively, in cineration can be used in accordance with par. b (See Section-I for laciUacJ). 3, Packaging and Shipment-- a. rramportadon to the disposal lacility should be in romaine whi. h will p.o-- vent leakage ami a< Huemul loss ot askarcl to tin: envmninieiiL b. Containers slwmld v labeled as to contents and prc< uuaoni relative-to Ina to Ute environment. Section 2 Pace H ; _________ _______________ VI. LAUrt.TNG Capacitor units vary greatly in site and in ent use or applii arimi. Small capacitor units arc fre quent!/ applied an a . uiuponcnt of atutlicr piece ot tqiupuHuit sudi as a fluorosi cui lighting ballast, a roadway m area lighting luminaire. a motor, etc. <ii sudi applications a label m i the capacitor util; tcietom dig jppuivcd disposal procedure would not normali) ix visible when die piece ot equipment is disposed ol. @.. NPC00036772 763913 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O FF IC IA L STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN O FFIC IAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED W ITHIN NEMA. V OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. ^ FOR CONSIDERATION IY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Ior the fo'rr/nnp reasons the method of pruvJ;!i disposal instructions lor small capacitors am! luge capariton is treated separately. 1. Small Units (Incorporating \ x n Thar 2 Pounds ol Aikarcl)--Small capacitors arc de fined as those which contain askarri in quar.titict up to about two f2> pounds each anil ui which the free liquid does not exceed 0. -4 pound. They are Itcrmctically sealed in me tallic eases. Such capacious arc applied a< a component of a larger piece ol equipment. Attaching a label to such equipment refer encing this Guideline or describing disposal procedures would be of limited practical value. Large Capacitor Unitt (Incorporating More Than 2 Pounds ol Alkatclp- Tte capat 1tor manufacturer sliould affix a label in a con spicuous place, iclereming dits document wdcrrribtng disposal prosxdurei consistent with it. Tliis label ilionld contain, as a minimum, the following Information; CAUTION THIS CAPACITOR CONTAINS A PULYCIILORINAED B1P1ILNYL 11*011). TO AVOID POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CON TAMINATION. IT SHOULD UE DISPOSED OF ONLY IN SUPERVISED DRY LANDFILL AREAS MEETING STATE REQUIREMENTS Oil IN INCINEllAThJN IAC1LITIES DE SIGNED IOR DISPOSAL C*r PCU'S. SEE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE GUIDELINES C10T. 1- ( > FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. (WHEN APPROVED. COPIES WILL BE AVAILABLE FROM ANSI, 1430 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. NEW YORK 1001. j section 2 Page *. NPC0003677 3 763914 * ANSI C107.1-1974 guidelines for handling and disposal of capacitor- and transformer-grade askarels containing polychlorinated biphenyls ( ! 4 769977 ANSI C107.1-1974 r* American National Standard Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor- and Transformer-Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls I i Secretariat National Electrical Manufacturers Association - p o o .s c January ?. 13?American Natior.J '.sncjrJj l.-.r.itute, Inc ( \ 769978 < American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of chose ubstantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manu* facturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Stan dard does not in anv respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvec 'die standard or not. from manufacturing, mar<etmg, purchasing, or using products, processes, or orocedures not conforming lo the standard American National Standards are sjbject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain rne latest editions. CAUTION NOTICE: This Ar-encan National Standard may be revised or withdrawn a' any time The procedures of the American National Standards Institute re cire rhat action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or wuihdraw this standard no later than five .cars from :he date of publication. Purchasers o: American National Standards ma> receive current informa non on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute Published by American National Standards Institute 1430 Broadway. New York. New York 10018 Copyright 3 197 l b> American National Standards ii.s '.'.jt?. Inc AJ1 rgh'.i rfser.ed No p i/1 zt :h u p u b lica tio n n i ' fc* rtp r> d u c *: n in v i-irm , in an alK tro n ii. r u n * vai y u a n or n t'erw u e . *iih o u '. ttv p /iof w r.iten p crm ^ a io n o f th t pu o lu fi/. Printed in the United States of America AIM lQ-74/6 NPC00007340 769979 Foreword (Tbu Foreword u not i par: of American National Standard Guidelines for HwcUjub arri Dupcaai of Capaci tor- ind Transformer-Grade A axels Ceauintnc Polychlorinated Biphenyls. CIO1 1-1974.i e Recogrczmg that the polychlorinated biphenyls present in askareis were beLig tdentined i j envi ronmental pollutants and the urgent r.eed for procedures tr.d guides for their safe use and dis posal, the Board of Directors of the Power Equipment Division of the National Elctrica. Manu facturers Association (N'EMAI in June I97 0 appointed a committee to -evie* the general problem and propoae recommendations. In Sep-ember 1970. the NEMa board approved, as recommended by the committee, the sponsorship of an American Nat: tal Standard Commit tee for the use ind disp.Hii of askareis in electrical equipment. American Nauonal Standard: Committee CiCT was established in April 19"* l . NEMA was desig nated as the secretariat. An organizational meeting was held on September L-i. 971. Mr W. B. Papagtorge, .Monsanto Company, was appointed chairman. Committee member: included repre sentative* of capacitor and transformer manufacturen, utilities, governmental departments and agencies, and maintenance ana ltsposal service companies. A steering committee ind two sub committees - one to deveiop guidelines for the capacitor industry, the other for the transfor mer industry - were established. The scope and primary objective of the committee was designated as the development of Pro cedures and guides for the safe use. maintenance, and disposal of aauirei and askarei-sojiced materials used :n electrical equipment. Additional objectives prop.sed were as follows: 1 1) To serve as a source for technical information and advice for federal, state, and locai authorities and for the information of all others concerned. (2) To encourage the Jeve'opmen: ot suitable disposal `acilities and maintain a list of their capabilities jud location. *or the information of all concerned. 3) To serve as rh-t a Jvisorv group Tor L'.S. t -!ic:pat;-:n n the lnternai:cr.2J C cm. .--.t v - Rules for the App* :v J c: Eiectr.cai Ecuipr.-.e;:: -E n i. the internaticr.al D ectro ttch r.-z C m. *-!EC . -he P n Acr.encan Standares C v- -Jitioi: iCOPA N T I, the lr:?:r.auon.i. 7 r ence ;n L - : j i '-gh rsm-ion Eicctr.c . >:e--> C -P ,, ar.. .'tiier _-.tirr:r_C'ai rgzr.u : The find draft of the rc;c;!ire-; was : rrp l' v: .at.- November . '.'" 2. ` -TMA sued the ate- lire*. <s*. art Offtctii Ii- c a r d s :cd. s -i h r --ry 1J~2. it -sa>sjc c ' t ; : *: .re \rr ;cn Vaticr.i. Star iz :z :, `r.itifjt? f-.r appr:*-a- is i - Amertcut N'at:ar_ii Star r r.i ii i r ;:- . by the Standard Inst.'.uie :r. Jar.jiry 19~4 Suggestions for improvement -if this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the Amer.can National Standards Institute, N 30 Broadway. New York, N Y. 0018. This standard was processed and approved for mbmittaJ to ANSI by Amenutn National S t i dards Committee on Use and Disposal of Askarel and Aikarei-Soaked Materials in Electrical Equipment. Cl 07. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all com mittee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the CIO? Com mittee had the following members. W. P. Papageorge. Chairman A. M. Saiizjr, Secretary Offtn.Zd' cn CeriT^C 3*__is( Mina:'*-.;-": . Chacj-T?. ?siluc:ca Seme*.,.x rjobie Fng_"e?:rig ;.:mp*r>Riacuwai Uuiutei hompa.iy tJecai. Light ind Power Grcup Vame r.,?rp"semr..' ....................................................................... N. .4 -*'.,ir.; A. T r ie : * . ....................................................... L-juu ii. w*c-.r ............ ............................................................. a. L. Ricit:ey ................... .............. ................... . . . S. 0. Hauser F.. M. Moore Alt) .................................................................. .. F. R Lengefeld H. a Oniihi I. J Cawte) ! Alt) NPC00007341 r i $ \ i i V*7 I i * I 1t ) 769980  i '!kfuaHMUa OfjaniTannn Repretertetl Electron Industries Association ....................................... EnnronmenuJ Protection A e e n c y ...................................... General Services Administration............................................. Gber Aneciares Inc ...................................................... Institute of Electric! an i Electronics Engineers. Inc . Monsanto C o m p a n y ................................................................ Naoonal Bureau of Standards................................................ National Elctrica] Manufacturers Association.................... Rollins-Purle. I n c ............................................................................................. Tennessee Valley Authoriry ....................................... .......................... U. Department of Agriculture. Rural Electrification Administration U S. Department ot the Arm y...................................................................... .Verne o f R r y r m n u t:* ! Arnold S. Dotv Rennern J. Hood Charte: C Travis R J. Schatz fc. L. RabS V| P Papa?eerie P G. her.r^nus tAlt! Stanlev P Wasik K. C Chan? S. Groeun R. D. Mes. lao H .R Roue Ken McGee Alt' I!. A. A.enne: Wrliurr. R .Nicholas John Leu'MC. Jt D M. Crahirte fi [*U*,'i<i. *1 '4. ij-su ,1'.,- * it C c Contents SECTION 1. Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 2. General Information ........................................................................................................... 2 .1 G eneral............................................................................................................................ 2.2 Benefits............................................................................................................................ 2 3 Risks.................................................................................................................................. 2.4 Alternatives......................... ...................................................................................... 2.5 Interdepartmental Task Force on P C B s .................................................... . . . . 3. CapacitorGutdellr.es........................................................................................................... 3.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 3.2 Capacitor-Grade Askarel.............................................................................................. 3.3 Plant Housekeeping and Employee S a f e t y ............................................................. 3.4 Control of Water E fflu en ts........................................................................................ 3 5 Scrap-Disposal Procedures........................................................................................... 3.6 Landing............................................................................................................................ PACE 7 T 7 *7 8 .8 S .. 8 0 .9 .. 11 . 12 4. Transforme: Guidelines ................................................................................................. 4.1 G eneral............................................................................................................................ 4.2 Specific Guidelines . ................................................................................................. 5. References ........... .............................................................................................................. 5.1 References to the T e x t........... ................................................................................ 5.2 General R eferences...................................................................................................... 6. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in This D ocum ent.............. Tiole 1 Tvpical Properties or Arador 1 0 1 6 ........................................................................ 15 .. 1? .. 17 i" .. 1 0 Arcn ii.xv Append x A Disc Scr.tcc - .............................................................................. a Appendix 3 Ara-vnctu Iv *.ce !-.*es .-ind !-iFor. \ Ser-ice Organic:: io n s.......... Bl Gei.er3: ......................... ................................................................................ B2. LlOO'r 'f ; i > ............................................................................. B3. An Atu.yttcil Procedure for the Determination of Atrbu-rne PCS;. . . . 34. Analysts of Water and Sediment for PCBs............................................... . . . 'll '0 Figures Fig. Bl Aioclar 1016 Qectron Capture Chromatogram ....................................... . 21 Fig B2 Comparison of Electron Capture Chromaiogrims for Arocior 1221. 1242. 124$ 1254. and 1260 ........................................................* 22 Fig B3 A/oclor 1221 Electron Cap'ure Chromatogram.................................................. 23 Fig. B4 Arocior 1242 Electron Capture Chromatogram........................................................24 Fig B5 Arocior 124S Electron Capture Chromatogram........................................................25 Fig. B6 Arocloi 1254 Electron Capture Chromatogram......................................... 26 Fig B7 Arocior 1260 Electron Capture Chromatogram....................................................... 27 Fig. BS Sampling Train........................................................................ ...............................28 Fig B9 Calculating Column E ffic ie n c y ................................................................................ 30 Ftg. BIO Calculating the Titling Factor .............................. .............................................30 T 1 * T -=*9 -ij i C 769982 American National Standard Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor- and Transformer-Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls 1. Scope Evaluations of the benefits, risks, and alternatives This standard establishes guidelines fin the safe use, maintenance, and disposal of askartl uid aiHarel soaxei material used in capacitors and itiru fo rm e r involved tn the continued use of PCBs in dosed electnsy*tents are summarued in 2.2 through 2.4 2.2 Benefit. Askarel-fUlad transformers do not bum Or sustain Tireunder condition* of imernsl clo^irual arcing. 2. General Information Aikarel-filled power and industriai capacitors are significantly smaller, more reliable, more durable, and safer than oil-filled capacitors. As a result, askarels have 2.1 General. The term " uskare!" describes 3 broad cliss o f nonflammable s\nthi ..c .hiorunated hyirocjrfejn :r.jilat-"i liquid; *M e' i-eu in capaci- ran . tra.'s -r: err. MCVr. in . cc-sc trier.: >-jeri'.': 3t P l . .* '.-scuir : a 'i.reis s a: -t :c '-.u ? J . he.'.-ls i.pr.Ss.i .iae be : .s>*J .p?l;;-r.cr.: .t.p.s than 0 ye*:s. b-' or.ii .-.t;> a; : dm:? ItiCCieriJ that F T y i r . ; ; , z.}Z.:\z rc er.-i- ror.mer.t. Ssster j:t . f:ve-t.<j ?f the r.ioloctc-i it iic t i of PCIls h j` e reer. ir.ue--.a:ir. *.v;thui `.he pest lew years to establish :he effect; c f specific formula- nons upon specific species. Some studies have shown that PCBi may be an environmental contaminant. Simultaneously, ap :ficsnt steps hive beer, taken by U.S. industry to limit further releases o: PCBs to the environment. PCBs have been used in three broad types of applica tions for the past 40 yean, as follows: (1) "Open-ended" lppiica'icns. for example, ui paints, specialty inks, paper .oaur.gs plastics, etc (2) "Nominally closed" applications, for example, as :re working fluid in hydraulic or heat-transfer sys tems (3) "Closed e'.::t*:Cj; y r.e ' rT..c**. r.:. *.pe-.:C- caHv is -_h< i*.u:a .n ___ > : ;ra.^- tonne.- and c: cacilOt supplanted mineral oils in more than 90% of the power and industrial capacitors made today Over the pa; few decades most of the equipment that`incorporates sum capacitors has seen jss.gr.ed to uxe pa'Titular ii'-z u?e or the x;z j. fety. and reiah iity ceneclts i f f . ' r ixumcii m*ry types *.* ..--r. . 1" of the sue -:-r equivaler.: oil capaci*.--:: in i ha.-e a life ;xpcc*ai.c> of 10 to tr.or; than 20 vs...--. Vpr.ous rrikra.. itate. and local codes, the.it'pie. ou'.re he r continue. use ut or adjacent *o ouo'.ic. e r r uercik. and industrial buddings, wr.ch :Oi pre- sent the realist poter.uii danger to life ana property. 2.3 Risks. In the United States, medicai records over a nearlv 40-year period show that the only adverse health effects experienced by U.S. workers exposed to askareis, either during the manufacture of these quids or of electrical equipment containing these liquids, have been limited to occasional cases of nonchronic chloracne or other temporary skin lesions or irritations. Askarel-filled transformers and capacitors are de livered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape of askarel under normal ope'ation. .Although certain types of equipment failures can permit leu c: some uscirei to toe environment, iransformer fac-ir?'. ire limited to ipproJorPitt.'/ -j.02T of the _n.:i '. ser vice r e ' year With reiT-cc: : a .araci*, a*, nc.h : * * are united tc- approxirta'e.y j.02~iot the assure: put into service per year. In addition, limited amounts of PCBs era get into the environment iuitng the manufac ` The Monsanto Company trie iole tt S producer or PCS*. It h u in cjn u s u e d mpp.y the n u te iu i for all appiicitient i>cn ture, deliver;. improper use. maintenance, repair, and o in .l i p and 2. 1(21 disposal of transformers and capacitors. NPC00007344 \J AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C lO"*. 1-197* Specific control measures have been instituted by mdMduaJ manufacturers and are supplemented and strengthened by national standards and procedures such as this standard, which provides information to prevent the inadvertent loss of PCBs to the environ ment at all stages from initial askarel manufacture through ultimate disposal. 2.4 Alternative*. For technical and local and national code reasons, it would be impossible to replace most askarel-filled transformers now in service with oil-filled units of equivalent ratings without major construction changes that would be required to compensate for the fire resistance of the askarei-riUed units. For certain applications and locations, dry-i*. pe transformers may replace askarel-filled transformers. For new uistallations. although nuns of he foregoing limitations would vtd! applv nodding and instal lation dc cn provisions ;ould be maoe to accommo date the u>< of oil-filled. ?per. dry-rype or sealed drytype transtormers, provided mat necessary technical, code, physical sure, ana cost considerations are prop erly evaluated. The principal alternative *o aska:?. foi capacitors u mineral oii. put such rep.a.ement would return capac itor technology to its pre-l J j ; .eve. and woulJ necessttil-: if.-.* re lectan i t : rsr lucerne-: / icn widely used ec;ii7~ ' 3.j flu*-r**veer.* r fiv.-ies _ r j rtc/.s :"*: '* *" r j...!'... i j " * * * *'. ^ r. ' j. :: t -... etnseff. . i me irc -c.se J .c- ',,c^nc-. `ers *t.u.- * _ iL tt:.n e :ht r ? * m : retires TVe jf ask.:- *, l.au.ir * _ ; c i : iT'c ten tu-e; ~-;-T.- --a*, tr..fieri: j t Thus. i-.T.g r-fare *h- : i w-e in*. . n.rner.tij concerns ueo.t PCBs, there was : stror.c economic incentive *o find ether, less expensive in.aiatmg liquids with the -ies.rab'.e chjfaciertaucs of askarels. Since the I,130j at east ten maior cnemical or electrical companies have invested large amounts of time and money us this search ail with no success. Al though potential substitutes that jr? more cosily than askarels (such as fluottnaied liquids' !uve jb o received some consideration. little . known about either their electrical performance or possible J! effects upon the environment. There are today m iluuii that ran be used as 3 direct replacement ter .is.-vare.-i 2.5 Interdepartmental Task Force m PCBs \n ,n- depth study of PCBs has reetnt:> p-.e* ccr.cieted bv five LvM-c'r-e Bisrch Te c x**j t . - *-.c rrcerc. e m r . v T h a ir.re-dip-.tr ee. . ~ .n P it- issued the:*' 'jp -rt. enttt.eo -fj <j>. . ana MiEnvirrjnmcnt. in May iJ ?2 : The following ' Avadib'.e hen the Mat.orul Ti:rr.:;il '.r.'-'rr.ation Service Uj . Department z! Cammeret. Spr;ngrietd. V* 22151. 8 conclusion is quoted from page 4 of this report "The use of PCBs snoula not be banned entirely Their continued use for transformers and capacitors in the near future : considered necessary because of the significantly increase J risK of fire and explosion and the disruption of electncaJ serv.ee which wuv.id result from a ban on PCB use Also, continued use o: PCBs in transformers ,,nd capacitors presents a imn.tma! risk of environmental contamination. Th* Monsanto Company . the sole domestic producer, has reported voluntarily eliminating its distribution o f PCBs to all except manufacturers of electrical transformers and capacitors " Reference should be made to the Interdepartmental T.sk Force Report for additional uiiomuttoii <u ij con clusions. 3. Capacitor Guidelines 3.1 General. The environmental ertects or askarels are under in-depth study by governmental and other agen cies Askarels have been considered relatively hjm iess to numar.s based on aoout -*C years .>?' safe ndu -.a. usage. Titer* has rcen .no cnown instance at n u iw * un,* v; ,-n ,,-.ev were use-i iitcer the - t t . / _c;-*r* - prec .: > in i <-i. .s f 'ur-d.-':.; t . h.th n .* j-.me, eye .c ::: *ns. 1tacts >f as:<:*fs ire 'ring rcur.a *. the ?? v r -i<r.: and n ~ . i hire .nr The io n j-'i:.- .hi*. w..d rcihocci. : ' r:z` >are nut vet :mp.e*:; mo;- stood. For these '.j'-vtii. care ih.'ui * no a*..m c v - tun iskire4> .r.z :r:i.irr.:;s th.-r e.T.*y :n ne en. ; ment. Tnere are two cenerii classes of askarels used by the electrical industry The higher chlorinated gra-aes are the more persistent in nature. Because or then high de gree of nonflxTimabiliiy, they aie used in rramforineis where personnel safety is of paramount importance Capacitor-grade askatel has u lower degree A chloti- natinn (composed primardy ot the ?<hlonne isomers of biphenyl) end a higher degiec ot biodegradabdity Ceneraily. tt has not been-round in annul life It is used ui capacitors. *n e:e tne extreme degree of non- nammaaduy required n nans fo rm e r. o f less Lhic-'i nee \r-h* .x i :*.* ...i :ri*ji - : -s *c:n r* t."* . d ... * - 2*. compoj.nc.n. ceye-r : f .'iOdigncarJti'* ,-e in r.aiu'e. electrical susiitty , chemcai vunvity. a.. . degree c.t norllanimaniiity (both art -ecjgm.*e-.1 as `m*.- flammable! It u for these reason char Sectior ? : f rhi* sunuarii .s intended to apply *.apa^: ''-gnee lsKare vrorn0007345  i 0 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD CIO* 1-19*4 Table 1 TypiciJ Properties of .Aroclor 1016 Property Color Condition S p lin e Gnvity at 25-, 15.5C Acidity 'mg KOHvgj Moisture Retractive index at 25C Inorganic I free) chlorides Pour point Dielectric cormant i 1009 Hr it 0 0 O Resisdvity '5 0 0 V dc at 100C. 0 l-inch gap; Hydroly.is stability test its chlondei) Thermal stability leitiaa cnlonden DmiUa'ton range 'corrected! lP"i distdied by *eigh: 90'*-<usiilled by weigh: Higher-Boding Hcmoiegues Sulfates Dielectric strength a: 25C Hash point. Cleveland open cup Fire point Corrosion ten >6 hoai-i at 2 lO0.* ih nratnt Juinnurr- f o ji ;oar+. ... ae-^r: : lteru Swm V M *0' * - SC:.' ' it .-I M .ri" . :* . imf ' c* . *1. , -c-. -rutr.. Text Metnod (See Noiei afha* ANSI C59 68-1965 vR19*3> i 2 J ANSI Z l l . 131-1964 R I9 7 4 ) ,'3| ANSI 211.59-1958 (R 197U [4] AS TM D 1817-66(19721(51 ANSI C59.55-1963 (R 1973) (6| ANSI Z 11.5-1966 (R 19*2) f i A N SIC59.22-I967 IR 197JJ |3| ANSI C 59.51-1965 iR 19*31 !9) ANSI C 59.106-1970 ( 10| ANSI C59 111 1970 (11, ANSI A J7.9-I974 H2| ASTM D 3301-74 |l] ANSI C59.2 1974 [ I J| ANSIC59 19-1968 R 1973a (14] ANSI 11 6-1973 (15) - z u 2-19*0;R t9 *.; - a .si : *-tjmp. : - - ; TypicJ Values 40. mas Gear 1.362-1 i*2 0.010. ITILt 35 ppm. max 1.6215-1.6235 0.05 ppm. max - I 4 JC or lower 4 70-* 90 500 x 10* n : 0.5 ppm. max 0 4 ppm. max 23C. miE -56J C. max 0.4`i . max None 35 kV mm 33BF. mm None 'o boiling O.OH- ' ' l-T. 0.30 O.MOM : '..j i ; r.:i \ 4 * . trJ *. VOTE Number? m n.-icxsn etc: -- corTtapor; cia'ly .mstoeted es: methods ir 5.1. Rsie;rer-cea *.u the Tet * Amer.cun Public Health Aj'.. a " _ Saybol; Universal < .c - .l t . 3.2 Capacitor-Crade Avkirr!. In September 971 a new grade of capacitor jnpreinaPt. Aroc or 1016. was made available to the .r.dusio Thus r e * ^rade comim* a typical cor:er>irai.on t 0 .4 ' *% weigr.r the higher- boiiing hcnclcguis of the :hl .-unati J biphe-.yis. ( See ASTM D ' JO?*-"- { i i .;J V ocio! :e?i4.rs vr^cio: 1242. whicrs p r s s i c .as *he m e : . :m .ii r rr.rre.c- r.a: ' . -- nr.e i . . i ,, eve. j i . -*c . . cuC-i^ i ihouiJ tc cic * Nun-ner' n bucken refer to cccresc. rJ'.ng numi<-t m 5 1. p f ir* . * the Test. maximum concentration acceptable in any capacitor imprepiant. Aroclor 1242 and 1254, previously used as tmpregnancs. do no: meet this requirement md should no longer be used tn capacitors designed and manutac'j-ed for aJternaang-current pplicati^ns. .Aroclor 1016 h*> the same I'r.ucrw-ritcrs' Labr'ri tcrus. Inc : v' jr _r rjtir.c _< :2 -? r.y .-J ~i z-.--.it ate at .:! tn Tibi. 3 3 Plant Hou.se.-.reping ir,J Employ<e Safrt*. "he procedc'es ard limns given :n .*.3 aie intended t*. be minimum requirements to be met by manufacturers and user of capac.tors Containing askarei Handling, control, and disposal procedures are pver.. together N PC 00007346 } i I ) : j r AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD CIO"? -1974 with exposure limits and indicated antidotes and clean up procedures. 3.3.1 Material. Askarel for use in capacitors should consist of homoiogues ar.d isomers of chlorinated bi phenyl with the concern ration of the higher boiling homclogues at about lA h . (See ASTM D 3303-' 4 (1 ] ) Aroc.or 1016 uconsidsrea to oe the standard _mpregnant neeting these requirements. Commonly used solvents include benzene, xcrosene, acetone, rnchloroe thane. trichloroethylene. end perchiorcethy'.ene Typical vapor pressure data for .Arocior 101ft are: O'C * 0.001 mrrHg :5C - 0.006 mmHg 101C * 4.3 mmHg 200J C - 29.0 mr rig At 25C and ' 60 rrunHg pressure, saturated air con tains approximately 0.09 mg 1 NOTF l mg'l * 90 0 ppm t/v) 1 ppm \v<v) 0.011 .Tit i 3.3.2 Bulk fluid Shipment. Receiving, and T ransfer Shipment of assure! from point of man.u:scturr tc p.int ot receiving should be acre in - osec container, suc.n as -u ra"ic cars, track ta-'kj. x a n re or ba-ge tan.ss. or .ci'ad Container; sh.'u. 1 be .cneied as :c cor.- *" s ; . tv a label :at.\:r..- < is^tr.?t ; .ss of fluid . r'ivtM n*- into, ev ,tr : tc 'nsoc* id I oe --e_ for -tc.-ag: * t> tnrvpor; -, . . r . m.i e.vi*. a- -*t fe ri; :t 3.5 . Transfer m snppi g r .T.tameri t processing systems should b- hrough closed ppm.g .r tubing with appropriate v* es. pumps, etc Pruvntor. should be made for trapprg and disposing of fluid lost by leaxage ar spills iron the transfer system and from the storage containers. Drums to be retired from use should be c eaned be fore crushing, delivery to scrap dealer;, or other dispo sal Contaminated cleaning fluids s;d mu'e.-ns should oe disposed of us md-cated ;r. J . i 3.3 3 General Safer- Precautions A.'huug.'i it . generally acc-*pfed cha; exprsure *r cicaciorzrad e iSKir;' '.s *c t fucurdcuj pi -vicej '..it j~.pl; contained in Sccuor. B3 of .Appendix B. Tins p'oceoure or its equivalent should be j*ed. Breathing vapor ct fumes from heated askare! should oe avoided. Provisions sheuid oe made or adequate ver.- tiiauo-' and regulation o f manufacturing operations tc avoid open exposure to asxarc. especially at tempera tures of 55C or higher 1. 7710 uses produced when axa- rel is decomposed by very high tempetaiures '.such as that of an eie^inc arc l :n the presence of air t argamc insulating matrnuJs contain a high percentage .v hydro gen chloride, and small percentage>of carbon d:ox.de. carbon monoxide, and oxygen. Minute ccr.ceitrauoRs of this combination o f gases are very unp.cusam ar.d ir ritating, thu> giving ample warning ol their presence. If exposure to high concentrations of asKarel is necessary unde: emergency conditions, an approved gas mas* or self-contained breathing apparatus shou.d be worn. Such exposure should be uncer the sur.eillar.ce of otner personnel capable of effecting .-escue .r. cum* of an accident. !T the odor of asKare: :s detected by the person wearing protective equipment, he should imme diately go into fresh air. .Ad gas masks, lesmraicrs. arid replacement parts snould have ITS Bureau uf Mines approval ar.d be maintained on a regular clte.i uc tn accordance with -he nunulacturer's *:ccrr..Terdat:or. 3 3 3.2 Liquid. Ln contras; V the it'i*t.cr. in wh.cn m ereri rr_:jting oils r. u C'.'d. the * :s :r run., no : : : r._ca:a in r.ccidl.-.g A n.i'id : ..- ver.: act. r. - .:rr...c- that fc : :.t . : far. a..c j i , .f f.e ik:r. vtth c r.s c . . . r. j . .;cc tc i r me . ; r . :.-.app:r.g u me -lur a; * r. . _ l a f .c ' ... ; r *T;-.e ere uliertc; ' m.: .. 'J t . . : n jc v .r * - a `esuit a s.-^r. tu '.. f iiqu.d r bJ '-j t re Tcderateiy mtu..*r.i >-. Gpcrat.i.g r*.secures >hju;d be suer. > r7..rj-iice or eimmnati contact witn asksrels. Le of eye protec tion is rscorr.T.ended. The use of porous gloves that can abspro and rerun asKarels is to be avoided Barrier creams4 or -es!>ta.-;t giiives5 should be used :f contcct is unavoidable L'se of enclosed transfer j.id handling equipment, processing equipment, and mechanical washers reduces direct contact. Medicinal * lines ,vr rndd detergents followed by :he application of cold cream wdl reduce 'he .r:tailor, re- suinrg >n he .cr.ract j f or. open cur ~\ unrusiou with -SKarel. a: . :i .ru\_\_.: ..r c i _ r -. ..r . _ ; .r . sale. L'p t > 1 j niijsgran c r- .me m et'; .i air :: < beer. aetenured to oe the maximum. sa:< is ve. of e\?(- sur; during an ?*jjcur worxoay. See . !u| i Tee procedure for performing Te :.ccessar. una_.ses is 10 * ! ur *xj V No 9 G<! Mtliu.m. damon-i* : ' Michi c ri er'Hex No. 71 ;Ayerst wuooratof t Ne* \ i : i . N N or ifte eccivaie-.: 1l ot esanpic. Jiro.li - ;..x.v 3-7*7 Mer.ick 'f 3 r J < ;r :~ . ttnUgeps;:. Coru--. or 'ixe equivUen: ka i \ ( ; NPC00007347 769986 -7i- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C I 1-19'J rel contacts the eyes, the eyes should be irrigated imme other filters diately with large quantities of running water for 15 (6) Saturated wastes ipaper. rags, etc) r minutes and then examined by a phv.ciar.. <a drop of (T) Saturated, spent gasket materials castor oil ha been found to reduce trrttatior..) (ki .Askarei-cortamtnated vacuum pump oils Person ceveiuping a >k;n irr.tauon or respiratory (9) Askarei-cjtiijmiruted stream jet vacuum system, tract irritation while working with asuarel should be condensates paced unde: Lie suoerMSior. of a physician 3.3 6 Miscellaneous Procedures. Other safety con Ingestion or wallowing o: uskareis .s net generally siderations include the following regaraed as a proolem of tr.e industry Should acciden (H Souls by Lexoge from finished capacitors should tal ir.gest.or occur. a physician should be consulted. be cleaned up promptly by means of absorbent n .dia. Hands hould be wasned with warm water ar.d cap be wiuch simuid then oc moved to containers prov.deJ tor fore eating, drinking, smoking, or using toile, facilit es mat purpose within me containment area, ar.d .ate: dis 3.3 4 Manufacturing Housekeeping Msnut^cturing pose of properly equipment ar.d operating orocedures snould safeguard against loss c* askureis tc the environment throe an (2) .Askarei wastes should neve- be disposed of down effluent drains or sewers. The utmost care must proper containment ana disposa, procedures. Enclosed systems of ea.aa piping, rr ipeny gasKfted loints. valves, container, ar.c processing chambers should be used for any p r'-:rn if the operation 'here pe exercised to prevent accidental loss by these avenues to the environment. (3) Caoacitors failing tests or otherwise designated for disposai must oe controlled and handled in accor askarei :err.peraiures may exceec r 5*C. Enclosure should preferably extend c all oih.e' portions <w he system insofar as practicable dance with the intent of the procedures giver, in 3.3 .of 1) and 3.3 6i 2 ). finally being dispoiCC of by one of the means outlined in 3 5. Containment provisions shotud ~e established around i l a*car:i prccessir.g areas to ensure aainst tiiidierier.* 3.4 Control of Water Effluents. The mdus' r gox .s to ! ms o sewc: sy stems cy sptiliee. eattage. .:* river ancor.-.roi.ed conditions c-r events e.tmiruie askarei i* plant water effluent treams. How ever. is re c.'rce r : at exist rg dram systems :i fri. * *K-re: .*c 7r i ~ . . * r : t. n . m ~ :c .u :c c :u r:r; c.citts : * - r - t . v . ; *.t_ r .rear. * m .m iv * m : * .k. : t! i 7 ca .:. trays r- *. . i: ;.< t x j :..' J t- .r v . : :c i.icl .a: ; her :: ...or ..ear..::; i. >.3-.ui i 1 ?e made r acc m-Jance un 3 *' Mioe-rcis clothing, ar.d the* extraneous rr.aurxs saturated with askarels sh.-.d **e collected '.v;:!v.r the containment area for prooerty controlled laur.certnc or disposal ie.* *.5l. 3.3.5 Disposal of Askarei ''as Me- nod t or dis posx of !liquid and s,,:urcied is ge: e:rated by ile manufac r g .petatiC.. uiju.u ne .n j .. 'tdi* ce A ll! hi >e oudried .r. ; 5. art:. .r. juid mclude cut 1Ct be limited : a ne f oiicwm.2 vastes : 1 1 C-rttam.natec '..c-..ic a<a; ! s unse:*: 7 r > - v -U ; ~ -c s i c.a.cc'r:. :1_ a w t u e r t - u . : e prevented :r.m. cetur.g into ;u:h st reXT. 3 4 1 Concentration Limit*. Twc 'd**; Enviror_r.tr. tx Protection .Agency proposx are to <ecp PCB cvcls in rivers and :akes below o.OI part pe* billion This is currently under review by the EP.A and standards a*e expected tc ?e promulgated r 19"4. Plant efflueni streams should s e managed an. controlled ic a manner ant:-..pa*.rig these government >.anduxi> 3.4 2 Monitoring Streams. :r* a feg*..ar has.. c>".* sister.: *tth piani Situations, ail effluent stream h .uld be anal'. The procedure for perforrung ne itces;ar- :r.a - r : . -, ju ? . r. in -.o n 34 :. Append--. McI. --w. f.-r - w C ttiU r ' .>! ou :-tedeartr. w.* *:..* m - **.: :r ..J a * (am.-uti-jn fil'e u : :ceiat. :ns eif.ae:.. 4. Saturated ^wcesi . * - abr .rp .r-e mate* -! rels durine r \ :m. ipil ; iri'rr. '~rng i f ' s . . j r i . i J * 'f rum .apvr^or.trcl devucs and non, ur.cst. NPC00007348 769987 AMTRICAN NATIONAL S T aNDARDCIO* M 9 * j niques that cm be applied tc reduce the asKarel conte-.; cent baiiast) or replacemen: and scrapping of the indi of effluent streams. These lechrques mas be must use- vidual caoaotor us in a room air conditioner). H ow ful in cleaning up water used in piarit processing and tc ever. die nusioritv of such capacitors io not rad in permit recycling. ' service but are scrapped as a resi.lt of wearing out or obsolescense of :he devices .n which the capacitors ire 3.5 Scrap-Disposal Procedures The manufacture 3nd used as components. Titus, tne matter c: disposal is use of capacitors involve processes that produce askarel- characte-'.zed bv i low concentration it $m3l. quantities saturated souds and liquids contain.- or composed en- of askare: throughout the country end. ir.ceea. through urelv of askare.. which shcu.d be disposed of as wastes. out me world, bortur.ateiv the nature of the ae-..ce> Specific sources of 'hese materials are described through and equiomenr in which such caoac.tors arc u>ca is out this standard. They may be placed u;to three cate such fiat they are normally uisposed at ui cry .andfills gories. as a matter -at convenience. Sine: it is unpractical at (1) Capacitor units impregnated with astcarel pro presen* tc exercise any meaningful control over the dis duction. and field reiects <21 Manufacturing process liquid .vastes containing position of the bulk of such devices and equipment.. '. is imperative dial askare: used for unpregr.atir.i small askare) (31 Solid was;: purposely c* accident! saturated with askare capacitors be liituted to the recently introduced type. \\ ch contains a typicau concentration ot 0 I ' - of the higier-h 'mg homologue'.. (See ASTM 13 330e-"4 [1] .i Disposal should be ore in a ~c**',e* uia: is consis Large capacitors fthose incorporating mere than 2 tent with proper concern tor me i - \ ranrr.er.: and minimizes any release of &skurels . he environment. pounds .)l asxarel) should he disposed of according tc :he procedure tor production reiects isee 3.5.1.1). 3 5.1 Disposai of Capacitor Units Scrip capacitor 3.5.2 Disposal of Liquid Wastes. All waste asKurel units car. be generated donne r.n j : a tuning processes or liquid wastes containing iskarel should be disc ^sed or during field service. of ir. accvdxnce with me of the procedures give: in Producuon. rejects are those cjpa: ! ?i. 'hat ire re- 5.5.2.1 'hrotigh 5 ; 2.3 ectec after the impregnation prr.es*, - me course of 3.5.2.1 Incineration Present k:' >wle.ig.* ;r.;t:ct;s p*jdu.* r. ?v rite capacitor --. t. * ar- T- e* r.j\ *r.at prop-." *r'.--c n must >`.ve . i - x <r . be m : for --echan-cal * e. . . *. a be r 't 'C '.'. iw*.. ~ . _* 1 t-cmccrst -re -.r nctnora* ca ai* :ov;le .erce. c ... i ..... -v s ;A --..f - i r * CL" .* * ..'r ? , r : i i j ^ ;r :; e ; *e: : * i . . .- ,t ' ,.i ? is rv> z:n . _ :. une.:' uiirap. .trubc-.. j remove the HCI tcu: e termed. ? :: .rx.m.pie. 2-scc rr.d owe : *:n:c .: S O ''? and 3" ex. a W T .it Stic?. g:v . -:e. - - a :A*eIl :*.;!.e a: .** J F i.;_ '* 1 .1 Production 3 r : . - : * i . i . . -c:.*.* , 2 "* excess xycen m -t -*f. j S. tr .a r .. r --a _ ; a c ij* r a - a , a . otic en* Ties* *. .;i;r es v*>'... . rtee* *hc .c-fi-cub!!c reu : * jtior 1 as*Jre> It is x c * * tat *h:.r d-sp-rsttior z r.n .-r.tnc -rare r. .men they -r: oca tea ar.d be mace .r. a manner . rni.r.er*. - ,:h crcper car.ee:.-. .>nouid cnnirui s ," --:::ts wi.lun the ii~::is >e: urth .n tor tne environment. The-errre ico acit'v mould be rhis stardard dispose! of only -.n supervised cr;. .andfill sices mat 3.5 2.2 Toxic and Hazarduus Waste Disposal meet ail applicable state requirements Sites. Certain landfill sites have beer. Classified by itate Carr should oe exercise J to er.s j : c that r.o Ions of governments and the fdrai governrrent as suitable for liquid w.P occur during tra.nooration to 'he iiposa' the dispniai of toxic and hazardous liquid W bcc uch nte. approved sites exist, they may be used for the disposa! Incinerator. ?f scrap eapac::** in actli'te- designed of liquid wastes described in th.s >rxndard (See Apper. to accept such : Oitds ihoi_d rrcm.Je ,n u'em.ctive dix A. i meat r. disposai as u.h services eec-me r-adarte n 3.5.2 3 Packagir g and Shipment the fur j<-e J 5 2 J I Transpo-tatm-. *o the c;;p dso. fac:' - 3.5.1.2 Field Reject* c ->*.. .-ic i* **s definid :y should `-e .> c- -':-.er: trat vs. j! crever.: nkege r.d ts . ; - * . ~ r.i l?s: than 1 pou- .re prac - -vw .e-t^. * r/ -- tn e r-.i'.r-ii- .a!*- - i d - , : p *>- .- r l: . 3 5 3 ; 2 . <*u.:.e.i ;.|. .e . *e .* * eie.r:..."--..ar.;cc. eqjtorr.e-* . \* . _ exnimes o-* -inter. r.u :* t . . jt .r.: *r atre .c r.e : arge cuanttry usage *fsu;n . i r e : * " r * - fluores itietu cent lame aailasts and resuiciitia. a.: c.r.u. icrung equip ? 5.2.3 3 Uontameis use j . i *eu purp v ment Failure uf suvj*. capaci*-:* m.uy esu.t .n scrap should not he used ` .*>r any ra;h maf-*nal i. ' -tired ping of she dev.ee of which .: *s u n j fuere- trom service ur they complt. - . ; vr.y 12 4 t ji J ? i c 769988 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C 974 solvents used in cleaning these containers will ge con 4. Transformer Guidelines taminated with askarel and sncuid be disposed of ac n cording to the same procedures desorbed in 3 .5.2. 4.1 General 3.5.3 Disposal o f Solid Wastes. fSes 3.5.1 for scrap 4.1.1 Types of Transformer AskareA.* Askarels gf capacitors.) All solid wasies that have been saturated vanous compositional types are currently m use I' : with askarel should be disposed o f by the following the general piopenies and types, set ASTM D 2255- procedure: "3 a [ 2 0 ]) . Under arcing conditions, the gases produced, (1 ) The saturated wastes should he placed into though predominantly consisting o f nor,combustible leakproof containers and transported to a supervised hydrogen chloride, can contain varying amounts ?: dry landfill site meeting state requirements. Alterna combustible gases depending upon the lixare: type tively, they can be disposed '. ! by incineration in 4 .1 .2 Safety Precautions. Based on about 0 years state-approved facilities. o f safe industrial usage, askareis have been considered (2 ) Solid aosoroents used !or spills can oe disposed as relatively harmless materials if* humans. There njs o f uncontair.ee :n the supeivisea dry .anefiu site, trans been no known instance o f human iniury when askarels port to the site should be in closed containers. Alterna are used under the normally prescribed eruditions of tively, incineration can be used ;n accordance with 3 .5 .2 . (See Appendix A for a iisung of facilities ) precaution and handling. Although it has been generally thought ;har expo 3.6 Labeling. Capacitor units ^ary greatly in size and in end use or application. Str.al; capacitor units are fre quently applied as acompunen: j i another piece of equipment, iuen as a fluoresce-: !:ch:;r.2 ballast, a road way or area lighting :unui;^i:e. j mcior jt c . I:i such applications a label on the car j ; : ' cr inn rererencir.g arvoved disposal procedure %.:J : -h n-nmariy be sure to askarels is not hazardous a rc a d e d that simple precautions are taken, exposure -houid still be avoided or minimized. 4 .1 .2 .1 Vapors. The odui af askarel is noiicraoli well beiow 'he maximum safe air concentrations. [X*pending upjr. the composition o f die asKarel used. "o m 0.5 ; j 1.0 milligram per cubic metre jt'air has been determined :*> ne the -appe* -iafe levei of exo r- * -.vr.sr. the piece c fe q u r . : ; di: pc-sec of. -;:rc -iur-'ig an 5-hou: workday. -.See 'iferrr.ee [ *9| 1 f * .- ' ; & ' .-ecio'ii . <e: 'c ; r*::. : :"g "e p rv;au:e fer `h i r c - : jr> r c.> ' a S c . : : . ., i'-.t : Appe:.u:.x 3. TT*.._ :. t -- *e -i e :u r aicr' siiv-ia be u se: 3rej.n ::.a vase: ir f ;me* ;-.c j:-:c itk irc;- '^--idcJ !!:; .i.:-.:;n:-a:.vt5 >'* van r-: : v: '-v-..* .tat n : ' . -s -p * .. _ __ * - r ; ir.a *.es. :o-e. i::-,,-rp -- . j " as u-i * _r ` n vn:c ~ *. ' . i .tcuic - . c i . - e v " a *. . " .rri t:u .! * : r : z r fer a : : r e d pour.2 7b :y .:e : scj eu ;n metal e- ..:y- cr.u . if*** m a.tu'ac.urr.g-vp-ir-t s lic csjes. Such -U-'ac '. .is jftf i c - i i i j i t ...`tnuoitfr.t ifi av^ic jpe:: exposure o f 'i c t aika'i-s * ' > . * ; .u ane:;. of a large piece h' equipme:-.: \::acr.:r.g a ' ihel to such The gases prndu-ceJ when asxaiei _> J.-cam pose a ay equipment 'cierenc; g tht: star jar j jes:r;bir.2 dis -.er/ hiaii temperatures such as hat .if x t electr.c arc) posal proceaurcs w-cc.c he .united practical vaiue m the presence o f air or .'`rganic nsuiating mate^iais 3.6 2 Large Units, lurae canacitor anus are defined contain a high percentage a f hyjp'M ii chloride, and as those that com air more than I pounds of askarel. The capacitor manufacture'- she-aid affix a label :n a conspicuous place, referencing 'hn standard or de scribing disposal procedu-es. insistent -.nth i! This label should contain, j t.m. mem . he following information: ` C ACTION This ca ra c.r.': . . c . ' i ' i j ooiy;:*J i;;- small percentage*- o f oiher gases. Minute concentrations or this combination o f gases are very unpleasant and irritating, thus giving ample warning >u their presence If exposure : d high concentrations o f a s s e t s or .is arced product; is necessary under cnterjercy csndic.-.ins. an approved :as mask af the oigan c :ai'.ster type. .cif-contamed b'earning-apparatus, must be worr.. Soch nated bipneny. i?C Bl. To p-.iiibie er,.\-.:.r.n ` ., '` :a : Jt .* : hcu a .-e \ exrosure ;i* :--:U be 'iraer '.he surveillance f -'i t * yei- ........ri iv . -iic j ? i. -. , c.-.d?- ' l-.'d tir.c' . lr-:C : c ' . i * e j j i :;r . - ' . " .irratior. . c:-s;c;..c ' ; ?C See Air.en.ar. Nd w::a. ther ihforrniv.c'n C jp rrs j.-e National Sianzafds in s tiu i: V-irk.N.V. iOGIS. : C K `" ^ "4 - fu,. n'joic ;\> ir .An:e;.car. Il--idw r- Naw- * I V : (ilttw 'iR j ' r i i i i m j n . - , i : j i : .t*^ e m p lo y e d *?.. rl-.-.- r.-i-jl ir.iru.:'a: rarer 1 ta desiane ie :iir j w C , r UieL- p'uduetj A'bcM.'i.f'nlorexrn;. inertrr.1:. N o -rijn p !. Pi lin e. ji id NPC00007350 V . t T i; ) I I . X AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD CIO?. M 9M i i by the person wearing protective equipment, he should tact occurs, remove by washing with soap and water. 4 immediately go into :;eih air. All gas masks, respirators, and replacement parts should have L'.S. Bureau of Mines Following eye contact, flush with water. In case a: spillage onto clothing, the ciothing should he removed c approval and be mamtuned on a regular schedule in ac as soon as practical, skin washed, and clothing laun cordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. dered. 4 .1 ,2 .2 Liquid. In contrast to :he situation in 4 .1 .4 Receiving, Handling, and Storage of .Askarels. which mineral insulating oils are handled, there is no Askarels are shipped m rank cars, tank trucKs, steel fire hazard in handling ujKcrels. A limited soivent ac drums, metal cans, and test-sample e<'n niticrs. When tion (similar to that for paint thinner) on the fats and received, all containers should be inspected for leaks. oils of the skin with prolonged contact may lead :o dry 4.1.4.1 Storage Tanks. Storage ranks should be ing and chapping o f the skin. As with insulating oil, erected so that inspection can be made fur teaks or some people are allergic to askarel, and continued expo spills. Construction shouid be such that la d v -n e r : sure may resuit in skin irritation. Both the liquid and leakage or splits are prevented from reaching streams vapor are moderately irritating to eye tissue. and sanitary or storm sewers. Operating procedures should require avoidance o f 4 .1 .4 .2 Tank Cart and Tank Trucks. All buik I contact with any askarels. The use o f porous gloves shipment equipment should be inspected for leaks im that can absorb and retain ukareis is :c be avoided. Re mediately upon receipt. Dram pans must be provided sistant gloves and aprons of the neoprene, polyethylene, to prevent spillage from unloading hoses and connec or fiuoroelastomer' type should be used if contact is tions. .Askarel liquid collected in drain pans should be unavoidable. In case o f -pillage o r the clothing, the placed in drums labeled "SCRAP A SK A R EL" for dis ciothing should be removed s soon as practical, the position. skin washed, and the clothing laundered. 4.1 .4 .3 Steel Drums. Cans, and Test-Sample Con- Medicinal washes or mild detergents followed by the tainen. On delivery, all such shipments shouid be care application o f cold cream will reduce the irn un on re fully inspected for ieaks. The containers should be sulting from, the contact o f an taper, cut or abrasion stored indoors in an area especially selected for this a" .:.- asfcirel. curoose. A curb shouid enclose the area to provide a i*.v .asses with ud shields if a face shield cav.n for cnr.ta.nsr.i he aska.- ;i ' * T O ii *,*; S ::r . when mudili-,i i-._iei-.. byes * ;a: '-..fieli S.1JU.- LU' CO::uair.:r>oe imaed. Tr.a : : ; a T - .c::;c cica-ii -tr r.^ ." : must have i c - . . 1! v s : is c ::t .lc tic i r -v v n u large ;u c:.:::se c f runr.i.'.r w i t ;' . : .1 lorn sever K^-'SV.d the.' vvcrr.irei b'- ; physician if v : '( .n mdooi store; area i c : p o v v re . the r<'v * ti.` ..sts. iA drop o f .c i i .i itas w . t t ur.-;:- jr.ouid be -it-*- -:i tinder j ecu-:. " Siucn.i Cjr.iroi c ; * j t e ; : r . : .iis. The :ri'-.* ~ - cr a, - ; : '.*e,opir.g *kii " r i i j .'i " re ip t.-tfr- .s to -- I".:lite circa-;: .n p.cr. t -v ;i er . . . -.C...1 r.ta.io:'. while Aorkr'g wir.1- jikareis i.to_.a : : However: t*. is recoct: z z i utc: existing dram sv;e:ai under the m pcrvinor : f s physician. ir.geition .> swallowing of askarels is nor generally from manufacturing plants, renar: iCtopv. and instailaticn sites may be contaminated as a result o; past prac I regarded Ai a problem of the industry'. Should acciden tices. Other sections of this standard provide that no tal ingestion occur, a physician shouid be consulted. askarel wastes o f any kind be disposed of in any water Hands should be washed with warm water and soap effluent streams and mat accidental spills be prevented before eating, drinking, smoking, or using tone: facili from gering into such streams. ties. 4.1.5.1 C oncentre jn'LlmiTS. The Environ 4.1.3 Transport Container Marking Any container, men as rank cars, tank trucks, insms. cans. etc. used to transport transformer askaraU, new cr used, should be mental Protection Agency proposals are to keep PCB levels in rvers and lakes below U.Cl part per billion. This ;s currently under review b\ the EP.A and s*ar.- A J . ' eied with me following' darcs are expected :o oe promulgated In PUn; Ca LH O N : This product curtains oclychlorip.itra effluent " :;a n s ciou.-i he n 3 .i - d and o ur..: vied tr. b . t;r> h -TC 3 ; i. Care shetf LT.r r:tVi:CiJ7.e:l ,.- <: a Ir e neJ. Man; j ] ris Tin; 1it. : : jL ip 's a i *:1.ICUI.I - . -.i.r.ii, A r-* : '1 * AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C '.0 M -:9 ? 4 4 .1.5.3 Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream should be placed in open-head drums with suitable clo Contamination. The ideal approach is :o isolate totally sures anc with the drum properly labeled : : : shipment l all effluent streams that could be contaminated with to a company offering an acceptable dispo>ai service. asfcarels during manufacturing processes and prevent 4 .1 .6 ,5 Liquid and Solid Waste Disposal Service them from being discharged from the plant. Organizations 4 .1 .6 Disposal Procedures and Services 4 .1 .6 .5 .1 General. Disposal of askarels and 4.1.6.1 Sources o f Materials Requiring Special iskarei-soakcd materials should be jccompiished by Handling and Disposal Procedures. Liquids containing means m wiuch there is no signiTeam release o f asKarei PCBs ind wilds containing or contaminated nth PCBs to the environment. At oresen:. disposal is accomplished may be obtained from any of the following sources: by carefully con trolled incineration of liquids anti transport containers, transformer manufacturing p ro soaked software, and by controller: hndfdl bunzi o f cesses. iiMcst failures, liquids contaminated beyond apparatus and other hardware from which askare: has reclamation, in-service transformer leaks and failures, been previously drained and washed. askarei-filled transformers scrapped for any reason, ere. Prese::: knowledge indicates that proper incineration 4 .1.6.2 Classification for Disposal of Materials must involve a suitable balance between dwell tin e and Contaitung PCBs. In general, there are three types o f temperature ir. the incineration p its oxygen availability materials requiring disposal: liquids, surname solid and. finally, suitable scrubbers to remove the HCl that matenus containing PCBs. and nonburnabie soiid mate- will be formed: for exampie, 2 -second dwell tune at nals contaminated with PCBs. 2 0 0 0 F and 3 ~ excess oxygen :n stack gjs. or 1.5- 4 .1 .6 .2 .I Liquids. Liquids containing PCBs second dwell time at 2 7 0 0 J F and 2% oxygen in stack requiring disposal by high-ternpeuture mcineration gas. may consist c : the following: These facilities should meet the applicable require (1 ) PCBs contaminated with mineral oil. ments o f the state in winch :he> are located and should C ) Mineral oil contaminated with PCBs. conttoi effluents witiiin the limits set forth in this stan \>\ Nonreciaimable contaminated '.tinsT'orae- iska- dard. re e d askareis. isk.irris ::c*n ."?.ar.ufsctu:ir.g -m itroncd li.'dfil or deep-vei: J : ~ : i i be :r zr.z ~ z accumulation. s'c. n :r. _n PCHi. m i 7 e - -_ :i c c cy federe- K ite. :r - : *ci. i t r a . : 1.-.. r :r-rx. r i c ^ - g r-jains. s::p ana _;c_r. cam . -asn in -i. :c.r.- 4 .I.6 .5 .2 Casts, in aaiiv.on : , i .j norma: z.t -an and ;c-r.ti:r.er;. etc. : cuLec .:r c -crar jo u id s . :;d i '.' as r d ir '-ia a !_t> 2.2 Burnable Snlid V-'as: t Materia.'- Con- ina: M ',-1 ->nrnc by :he owner --i !uch scrap .. :a;r4ir.; P! B-.. Ihese t.ui-v .ih he uuposed c: tw tusr.* c.a'.c shipping i i r t . 'j . : rst : f tramp- : -he ..r- temperature 'cscineratio'i _nc . ; ; csJ uioslc " i : r - rc-'ii ie:v::i _r.i aiispc iu tt tidily ria.v--ar r -a i:b .-j:i. wr-ad c ^ r , fuiier'i ear:." in cu-ed -poi j I'.T-iXi.T. ,,r cer-pound cha*ce boik o : :.- c i:m bags, bi tie- ciierv . :ue or rcr.t gj>- ' -1 l.b .5.5 Disposal Services. Cizarczitions keis, etc atfenng disposal services are listed in Appendix A, 4 .1 .6 .2 .3 Nonbumabls Solid Waste Materials including their location, facilities available. fypes o f Containing, or Contaminated with. PCBs. These mate material handled. ind disposal cro c : lures ised Speci rials may consist o f coil structures, steel, copper, alu fic shipping directions, disposal procedures, and costs minum fitter units-of the steei mesh construction type, should be obtained from die organization. askarei drums, cans, etc. Materials o f this nature should be allowed to drain - 4.2 Specific Guidelines with the liquid collected in dnp pans. etc. Further re- 4.2.1 PUnr Housekeeping.! : :v necessary to assume movai o f adhering PCBs can be accomplished by wash that m filling equipment with askarel. and during *ui- ing or soivent ex: 'action with serose as if .uher ap ther handling of this equipment, an askarel spill mav proved washing liquids suon as peremoroethyiene or cccur. Therefore, it is necessary ; o provide facilities n d tncnoicree thylens. A ccjrr.uu tei .iquids car; be dis a procedure to ; clcanua to prevent contaminauen. posed c-f is ucicared in ~ i .6.2 <. So.id macer.jii ma> be .:ar Je d .:> 1 3 --".a. icrar. 4 .2 .' I Askar'i! Filling Area :.l.l.: !hei-rc_" :':he j^a-s:-ii'-ri J.1.6..1 Shipmen: at 3 * :\ - L.ir.a-.!* f . r 2; n ^u .. :*a - c :.i s.z ares j.\c f:.* J :n c- .Ml/.quid scrap material snaiud re ru ce a - appi':?,-;;-;; p .itiu id to nur..;:i;zr .i:= l-r-i.1; j:-im aae j i l Ij metal trcr.sp.^r drums, property latielei. for shipment during handling. to a company ri'fenng art acceptable disposal service. 4 .2 .1 .1 .2 The main mar.uficturir.s area tor 4 .1 .6 4 Shipment of Burr.able Solid Waatc Mate filling equipmen: wltii askarel should be provided with rial Containing PCSs for Disposal. Material if this type impervious surface Hours c ; suuabie basics so con- N PC 00007352 15 %. 769991 TV 1 \ i ' t \ 11 I AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ClOT. !-l 9?4 structed that any inadvertent leakage or spills are pre vented from reaching streams, sanitary sewers, or s te m sewers. All askarel-Handling equipment, such as pumps, hoses, etc, shall be of the askarel-resistant type. 4 .2 .1 .1 .3 Dnp pans shall be provided for hose connections and tilling valves. 4 .2 .1 . Z Special Containers for Scrap Materials 4.2.1.2.1 Drums labeled " SCRAP ASKARHL" should be available for handling all spilled and waste askarel from sumps, failed units, drip pans, sample jars, etc. 4 .2 .1 .2 .2 Open-head drums with suitable clo sures and labeled "SCRAP BURNABLE ASKAREL WASTE" should be available for handling contaminated cellulose insulation, rags, paper pressboard, wood, gas kets. sawdust, etc. 4 .2 .1 .2 .3 Separate containers :c - handling steei, copper, and aluminum, each adequately marked, shall be provided for the components o f contaminated core and coil assemblies. These containers are required for the various materials when repairing a : scrapping assemblies. 4 .2 .1 .2 .4 Containers for supplies material for absorbing small askarel spills or cleanup of larger spills should be provided. ,2.1.3 Conditioning *';f Askarels A 2 .1.3 I Askarel C mditicrir.g TV- . - - `i v . - . r . t i n c t i ' i b i 'nested .......... :1\ .to: *r .r tit: m.-." '.:ar-:::r:r.r -;ie .ncr._:^. .I i.3 2 r u le r s E s rh . T TCit.-inne : * : : i s** .ini --v s : ' j " - ; ear::! .. T /e .. fuller'; e a r - r ..S T i r o .:- ; baai r :....r >Jd be ,, ..j drem tnotauchi, over c i.: par * to remove as much liquid csKJre: as pc* sibie. The ca- ridge units of steel mesh .onstruction mould be placed in the "S T E E L CONTAMINATED WITH .SKAREL*' container for disposition. Cloth bags filled with fuller's earth shouid be placed in the "SCRAP BURNABLE ASKAREL WASTE*' container for disposition. 4 .2 .1 .4 Teardown of Units for Repair or Scrap 4.2.1.4.1 Dram aT. askarel from, the unit either into a holding tank for reuse into the lrjrr. labeled "SCRAP ASKAREL" *` ?r disposir.cr.. .itid then aflmv miJirieitt time for all o f the ai*.arei :c dram from the core m o coils. 4 .2 .1.4.2 Remove the --ere zr.i . from the tram former. Sufficier.i absorbent i.iaten J should be placed or. the floor to absorb any askarel fluid that still dr.ps from the transtcrmei. 4 .2 .1 .4 J Place all materials in die aoprcprm e salvage container during the dismantling "or later dis- ..'jpsition: 4 .2 .1 .4 .4 All used materials, including mgs, sawdust, tape. etc. regardless c : quantity, shall be pit: tnio the appropriate containers for disposition. 4 .2 .2 Transformer Labeling 4.2.2.1 New Transformers. .Ail new transformer that contain PCBs sr.aH have a label of adecuate aurabil ity, permanently and prominently attached to the tank oy the manufacrjrer. giving adequate warning and in structions. A suggested lapel includes the following* CAUTION: Tne insulating liquid tn rhi :r3ciornie: contains polychlcnnared biphenyl iPCBsi. Care hou.d be taken ro prevent entry into :he e n v iro rn e:::. Ir. case of malfunction or leaks, .onsult the instruction nranuai or ihe manufacturer. 4 .2 .2 .2 In-Service Transformers. Ihe transib*nie: manufacturer should make available suitable labels with similar warning as shown in 4 .2 . f i for use un exist ing iransformers. 4 .2 .3 Information for Transformer Users 4.2.3.1 General. Askarel-riilcd transi.irmers .ire delivered to customers as sealed units from which there is no escape .f askarel under normal operation. Although certain types o f equipment failures car. permit loss of some askarel to ihe environment, stun ^Jse?. are extre:;.;- ly rare. 4 .2.3.2 Transportation and Recphiig 'm -rid:* it?.'.' upon :t-.- .1 c-f the iqanrnet' i in*. . :i: r ::a:.sc'.,r..ii!o:i f ha:*21:ra me: . c .t iris;*, me .r eg::iv m tic j - - a -:" : : nr ;. t e runsf'-rtc'!'':i .chicle. .. . -.r-c r ittr e : - :_ .c 'e ixaniir.;-. t cr-. cakage : jpilU;*: :h -i t ._; h i recurred in -.hinr : c i leakage-s evide_ \ me tsLsf mould rs Carrie e J .nd :i:e plIfEge M artii un wit- .osorbar.: r-ra::T!C.;s v a n as uw-iuit. *''ii.'-uec v'V a cleanup of the aifecied area with rags soaked with ker sene or cthe: approved solvent such as petenioroeth.y- ier.e cr trichloroethylene All matenals used shouid be collected fer proper disposition as described .n 4 .1 .6 4.2 .3 .3 Installation and Periodic Inspection. Fcl* lowing installation, the unit should again be inspected tot any damage or leakage. It is recommended that periodic in-service inspections be made for any leaks. 4.2 .3 .4 Filling, Filtering, or Drying Askarel. Mos; askarel units i:e hipped;.vnh the proper mount ii'iik a r;.. o u t i t become -lecevuiry to top off a unr.. the manufacturrt'i ir.str ju m ps should be followed. If it s n e c i.n ty t : ; *. n askarel ur. t .n '.'eat *- aware: an.* tv *i: '*:.Ie:\ I'j^:.. -- me : he i c i l o w c s . H i e r m g ' . nu.t. tr.ir.i . - a t :.. .1 o f the precautions ore'-nc.ly ce.r.bc*c dtrp i-;. proper disposal c f filter T.-dia etc ipply. 4 .2 J .S Sampling. It :s c'rrm o r. practice :e am ple askarel from a transformer for per.cd.c .T.iir:ter.an.e testing. As previously describe:, such samples sho..c b : 16 . -- .*4 3 ** 4e \ i i ! i r \ i C t* - i I i I i \. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD*. taken in a manner to avoid any contamination o f the environment. Washings should be collected lor proper disposal. Field and laboratory rest samples, washings, etc, should also be collected for proper disposal. 4 .2.3.6 Transformer Disposal. The ultimate dis posal o f an askarel-fillcd transformer may be accom plished in either of two ways: (1 ) Complete drainage and dismantling with the proper disposal of the askarel and askaiel-sonked com ponents as described lr. 4 .1 .5 . i l l Disposition o f aSKatel transformers by means o f junk or scrap dealers. This should be avoided unless a transformer :s firs: drained, followed by soaking the interior with a suitable solvent. Accumulated liquids and washings are to be disposed of as described in 4 .1 .6 . 5. References 5.1 References to the Text [1] Standard Method or Test ;V Rapid Gas Chromatographic Estimation of Higher 3::iing Hor.ioiogues of Cuormawd Biphenyls for C a rj. rcr asm :.*:*. ASTM D3303-7-: 1. A rrv c v ' Nar.cra. S t ; * . * ' *;* ..1 ' a *::y -jf Aije.r-ij. - : i.'.rT'-l - la 2-s.' *: )" *,, 7*s: f. |.: J ,A.T:r:.r : Na". ra. S*i~ i:* * ` !e"' N r J i . j f . r Nutrice: by _ ;r.: z;i. IP . : : Tt ' r .. {" ) Amencan National Sr-'-d-'d Method of Test for Neutralization Number by Poier.ticmerrio T: tracer.. 2 1 1 .5 9 -1 9 5 8 ( R 1 9 " l i i .ASTV. D 004-5.8 ( 19631. IP 177/64) [5] Standard Method of Test far Density o f Rubber Chemicals. ASTM D 1817-66 i 4 7 ;) [6] American National S tan av i Method of Test for Inorganic Chlorides ir Askare.i. C.i(i 55-1963 R 19" 3 (ASTM D l S : : - 3 ( I 9 - rii [7] .American Nations. Standv : Method of Test for Pour Point o f Petroleum -!>!s. Z '. 1.5-1J66 i R I9 "2i (ASTM D >7-66 f 13_ : IP 1: : (O ame-,;?- : i : ?--ac; ritM r trd tjr.i ,`f ziiC.m.V: mating Lizaiis..C54 Id : -->* <R ! 97.-) i .aSTM D 924-65 (1975 tj [9] American Naticnil S i c a r i MethuJ of Test for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) o f Electrical Insulating Liquids. C 59-51-1965 (R I 9 7 3 ) (ASTM D ' 16^-04 (1973)) [101 American National Stir.dard Method c f Test fer Hydroivzable Chionr.e Compounds in Chlorinated Arom ati: Hydrocarbons (Askareis). C 5 .l0 6 -I9 *r0 i ASTM D l20*b5 (1971)) [1 1 ( American National Standard Method of Test for Thermal Stability o f Chlorinated .Arenario Hydrocar bons (Askareis), C 5 9 .1 11-1970 (ASTM D ' 93t?-o4 (.1971)) [12] American National Standard Method of Test for Distillation o f Ruari Tars. A 3 7 .9 - I 9 7 4 1ASTM D 20-" Z) [13] American National Standard Methods o f Testing Electrical Insulating Oils. C 5 9 .2 -it)', 4 i ASTM D 11 " 1 f 1973 )) [ 14] .American National Standard Method of Test for Dielectric Breakdown Voi tace of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes, C59.19-19K (R 1 9 T3 ) lASTM D 877-67 (1971)) [15] American National Standard Mernod o f Tvs: for Rash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open C up. ZI l.o9 7 5 i ASTMD 92 - '2 . IP 3 6 /6 ? ) [Ib i American N ir :fii S ta n a v i' M .-h.'-i "f Ter: -':r Sayt :it Vi., ri ..Z : .2-195-1 tp. -A S T M D *- 5c i l ~3M .America.". NiLrii.*nu! Star t v ; M'V.od v " *s: ,- r C.wf:'eie" jt ? he;:m J F*.pansier. : f Elcct'icai Ins. -y ir. C5-'.: . -u.' . R - :> i ASTM 11 w MUNCK R. ' I. Measuring th- .vpdr.or. dielectric constant, and resistivity o f quids. ImitupA>n Circuits, voi 16, Mar 1970. pp 4 6 --19. [191 Chlorodiphenyis. Hygiemc G uidi S erici Westmont. N J .: American industrial Hygtcne Association. Jan-Feb 1965. [20] Standard Spcification for fhlorinatcd A'orna tic Hydrocarbons lAskaiel) fur Transformer. .ASTM D 22$3-73a 5 .2 General References A r - c .v - ^ ,fV>f*.vhi F j : sr.cnv:: 'StrhenvU;. Iic.-rt.-J 5 : : " . -F? IR. i : Vuw d-Ai: a.Ch*: _ . tV le- DRIN'KEL C k . Fu.-rher ocser.anor.3 ;r. ri'.-: p j * a sv itim i: to x i:::y certain or th chiorsute-J liycr > carbcns. Jc u m j s f industria! H ;gio ie and T&xtcslcfy, voi 21, 1939. pp 15 5 -1 5 9 . 4t 1* NPCOOOOTSS 1$ I i r h 769993 AMERICAS NATIONAL STANDARD ClCN i*l9 ?4 DRINKER. C. K.: WARREN. M. F.; and BENNET. C. A. The problem o: possible systemic effects troni certain chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal o f Industriai Hygiene and Toxicology, voi 19, 1937. pp 2 S 3 -J11. ELKINS, H. B. The Chemistry o f industrial Toxicology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc, IQ59. GREENBURG, L : MAYERS. M. R.: and SMITH. A. R. The systemic effects resulting tram exposure to certain chlorinated hydrocarbons. Journal o f Industrial Hygiene znd Toxicology, voi 3'.. 1939, pp 39-38. Threshold Lim it Values fo r Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment. Cincin nati: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1973. TREON. J. F.: CLEVELAND. F. P-: CAPPRL. J.i and ATCHLEY. R. W. The toxicity of the vapors of Aroc;or 1242 and Arocior 1254. American InduitrialH ygiene Association Quarterly, voi 1", 1956. pp 204-213. 6. Revision of .American National Standards Referred to in This Document When the American National Standards 'eVsired to in this document are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute. Inc. the re vision shall apply. f A n n o n H l V P C 'T he Appendixes ate no; a ptrt of Amr.c*n National Standard Guidelines tor llandiing and Di'puv*: of " rr l A C O Capacitor- and 7 tansforme.'-Grade AiXareJ* Containing Polychlorinated DiphenyK, C107.1-1974, aui ate included for information purpoies only.) Appendix A ' Disposal Services In addition to the supervised dry landfill sites that may be used for the disposal o f : carsl-camaming scrap, the following additional known facilities and services have been established, and others may be available.1 Chem-Tro! Pollution Services, Inc p.o. Box :oo 1550 Balmer Road Model City, N .Y. 14107 Phone: 716 7 5 4 4 2 3 1 This organization has facilities end services capable o f handling: i l l Liquids. Askarss alone et xed with solvents a: .s D ip:sai by ritgh-tsm rt:::- .::uie:iiion. . 7 S\ lids '..software.. A rk :ri:-;.. cor.: sounds. ' ** i r i trii.-ii c:c. i'. 'r Z i--*:y .ncir.eiv ' or.:if:c landfill. fi'- Sc i.d? (laa-cwarei " acjcitrirs, tran sfcrr.i' tank. ask sre.-soaked m i t i : . D;pc >1. : y ic:-:;:t;:.c .end- >-* >.,.*m; extraction ccrV-u:'.;.. Mcr-sar.tc- Company 8 0 0 North Lcnoberah Boulevard Si. L~uii, Me 63166 Phor.i. 314 694-3352 This organization has facilities and services capable of handhrg askarcl liquids c one or mixed with other oils or sot vents by high-temperature incineration. Liquid is pumped through a gun with atomizing steam into incinerator. Temperatures are mair.tamed 3t 20 0 0 SF' 2 5 0 0 aF with auxiliary natural gas. Exit ga* are quenched t:i ! 8 0 a F by contact with water Gas is then pasted through : hizh-er.ergy var.iur. scrubber :c r rer . c - i cirticula 1*:-'ere xhiuitutg t ; c i : ' 1ICaF \ ' The liv.r.j i'.vin herein u :cr>resir.:j-r-f of lone of tile iourci* that provide *hii service, and ii not prewmed to be :omp!*ti. Aoy other ujantzattoni *Ju: with to m listed should notify the otendirds losr.ruu se :hat they may o< included m the nex: eoitian this itindira. gases are passed through a packed column scrubber to remove HO. Nuclear Engineering Company Eastern Division P.O. Box 146 Morehead, Ky 40351 Phone: 6 0 6 784*6611 Nuclear Engineering Company Disposal Division Sheffield. Bl. 61361 Phone: S15 4 5 4 - :6 2 4 Th:so r g ir izistor. st<vv.Acs coirvainct'X'.ticn. tnr.*- ?" r:.: . ** 1::: c liscT 'ji ;e*'-".:r5 :1 a.1 liCUld- Cu rwsrs i. TJisroii. i in ; rr.tr.'Hid IT.i s: ientl:'c 'ar.dfj':. re. sea ry antic h--c Cc :<s:cr. :for radii>4ct;vc *cst c in " eia:. The c r r : ' . ra:.or. alto m s two West Coast kVin: in the i t- : of Cal:/.i m a .n c W - h i i u :^ . RciiiiiS q r.v ir.v .m i-ti " e r '.:c ;:. I::c P.O. Bex 2349 Wilmington. Del '.9 9 9 9 Phene. 3 0 2 6 5 3 4 4 5 1 This organization has facilities and services capable of handling: (1 ) Liquids. Askarel alone or mixed with solvents or oils. Disposal is by high-temperature incineration. (2) Solids (software). Askarel-soaked compounds, rags, cartons, absorbing earths, etc. Disposal is by incin eration at combustion temperatures up to 2 5 0 0 aF. In cineration gases are scrubbed, and entrained solids ate removed before exhausting to air. Rcllsns Environmental Services ir,jir.;i.r:! racist*/ ct u'.e fo -c w m s a re iS . Philaailr:2 * 7amce.-.* Rcilins Environmental Services. Ir.c Route 322 Logan Township Bridgeport. N*J. 0 8 0 1 4 19 V. APPENDIX Baton Rouge: Rollins Environmental Services. Inc Scenic Highway &. West Cheatham Lane Scotlandville East Baton Rouge Parish. La 7080? Houston: Rollins Environmental Services. Inc Tidal Road &. Highway i 34 Deer Park, Tex 77536 : Appendix B Analytical Procedures and Laboratory Service Organizations B l. General Analytical procedures for determining PCBs in atr. water, and sediments are given in Sections B3 and B4. B2. Laboratories Tr.e 'd1c'v'.r.s iaboritcr is are rcc:es.-.:.c.;vi *; *h;*:i cffiV , for ?CB ' Cere I '.rp o rc :-:-. 3 ': n r. : L-. iil'U. oi shone. : ' Z2T-1:00 i ir.-->v. 'j l.-.c. (5' 6 i 3Z ^iii F er2 Lac Avenue Mtiwatiaes. W'a i f _iS Phone: -1 4 451-4500 Cert , , Gcliob Analytical Service Corporation 4^ Industrial Road Berkeley Heights. N J. 07923 Phone: 201 464-3331 B3. An Analytical Procedure for the Determin ation of Airborne PCBs B3.1 Sc* 0. This p:ocedu-j 5 cased "fi terhr.iooer. *iec va :.e Morganto Industr;*! Ih C.-tpji / : -mr*; jr-tn rerein '%(ep;evn!a;'iv -si jctt,; ;; -.Ac lOaiii* war prowce dii* jir.icc. id o am presumed to be icmpiere. Any other sniiruzutiss that a ah ta be 'ined sheuid nent'v the Suadardi Insutute w that wey_:r.ay be inuucrC ir. me next e d i t i o n mi l lundvd. ~ 20 20 for the isolation and determination of PCBs in wa-;r. soii/sediment. and hioiogical materials. Absolute con firmation of PCB structures is not obtained wtth this method. Where needed, additional structure proof should be obtained using techniques such as mass spec trometiy for further identification of tas chromatog raphy fractions. B3.2 Principle. A " . ? ;E . : : rre .: r : - ,,site by tawing u - .c.rc`- : ..*: :r . i . 'i :ri*.i= : b u rc .e : s c m p . s :- _t ; : if. ,S,;tir ; 1J ble s: vi-u::: o: i i i ..* '? * ' C .*.? :j * .? `Hin.g iu l-e n . ; i dt! ttte d o r c.*t:een trete :._n*u ir.te rfe tir.g ccrr.nor.e.v.:. i f pr;acr.t.ure :e m.- vec : ; ..'te n a a:: ire a tm e n t n rc : ct'-.r.r. u rs o n .'. pe o f PC 2-, .sc:` t :e . T ie jm c i. 1*: s r .i . c> : i . : * -n . r* t:r: gas chtvr.iu:;c . m o . . / *.C C B3.3 Reagents 0 1 Hexane: raticide grade. (2) Toluene: Pesticide grade. O ') Sodium suifate: Anhydrous, granular, analytical reagent (ARj grade. Heat at 40CC for i hour prior to use. f4) Alumina adsorption: For chromatographic anal ysis, 80/200 mesh. Hea: jt 400C for a minimum period of 4 hours and deactivate with 5*7- fw/w) distilled water. For alumina column prcparatic.'. fill a chromatographic column with iiexane up to the point where the reservoir joins the column, ar.d pusn a glass i<*ui plug `tie bot tom With i giis.- r-rd. r i '-C-mi be.-n- -.leasuri 55 r*i ic c c : Sir gram- i*.f ::a;-... i:ed i.*_r*.ua. mi uuur t:ui -.ow.y .nt'u me cOtUmr.. ,:cra;c the settle the aiuruna. arid tco 'he alumina with 2 to 5 cm of anhydrous lodiuir. suiratc. Wash the column w rh 50 to 100 ml of hexane pr.or :o die addition of tire sample. (3) Distilled water: Extracted woh hexane w ;e- i* 769996 8 J LeUn a(on teur t>u -j tour APPENDIX NOTE: Initrum ent: Hewlett-Packard 5750 Detector: **N i. electron capture Column: 6-mm .< M o o r. AT.- X t -60 on 30/100 mein. Chromosorb W. HP. AW-DMCS. Column temperature: 2i0!>C laieciton temperarurc: I 2C Detector temperature: 25C Comer gas: Ke, ol) m l/m in Purge go: lO S C lU /argoa, 120 ml-min Pulte iniervol: SOus Injection volume: 5 u 5 tondltd concentration: 1.00 jfpm Range. 10 Attenuation: 8 AROCLOR 1016 r~ i i i i f " i i i 0 (-2 3 4 5 6 7 8 -9 14 >JLI" 5 Arcictor 1015 rij. Bl Capiuv Oi.Minarn-.,;;. move rie.xar.s-soluble electron capturing inpumie:. to) Sulfuric icid: ARgnde specific gravity - 1.34. (7) Potassium hydioxide* AR grade. (8) Ethanoi: Formula 2B. 1.9) Alcoholic potassium hydroxide, 2.5% (w/v): Dis solve about 12.5 grams o: AR grade KOH in 500 ml of ethanol. CIO) Sulfane acid-wi:er, 9:1 ty/v): Carefully add 270 ml c f AR grade Juifunc ac:d to 30 ml of distilled water in a 500-ml iced beaker (11) PCB standards: Aroclor 1015,1221.1242, 1248. 254. a::d 1260. (See Fig. Bl through B 7 ) B3 a Apri-ar.: i 1 1 Cits jfcbina ic-nn. -to i . .mi. rr.rrcc rearre disks. f i t Separate:? runnels equipped w-.ih ground-gliss steeper? and TFE-tluGrocarbon stopcocks: capacities uf 125. 250. 500. 1000. and 2000 mi. (3) Kunderna-Danish evaporative concentrators, .- 500-mi capacity, equipped with three-bill Snyder col umns and graduated 5-ml capacity vials. (4) Chromatographic columns, glass. 10 inches X 20. mm fOD), with a 5-inch X 50-mm (OD) reservoir at the top, equipped with IFK-flucrccarbon stopcocks. (5) Flat-bottomed boiling flasks. 125 ml capacity. (6) Liebig condenser, 200 mm in length. (7) Hotplates. f8) Water bath. (9) lO-/il syringes. i 10) Dry-test meter or wet-test gas merer. (11) Laboratory vacuum pump. (12) Rotating vacuum evaporator. 1 13.1 l.'suai Iabuts:try glus-* ;t. B3.5 Sarr -ling. I r ? ::: :s ce Jin rie J :.:r sL'ocrr.e PCBs ti drawn througn a p s rubber for scruobersj and a ry-tes: meter using a laboratory vacuum pump. See Fig. B8. The sampling flow rate is controlled by bleeding in air via a needle valve located between the 21 N PC 00007358 APPENDIX r i i t ? i IA 1 1 i WK'JTS Fig. B3 Comparison of Elei iron Capture Chromatogram? for Arocicr ; : : . m -2 . 124?. ::5 4 , ami 1:00 'if f- lin A A A A ^ n P A s ii --' M 769998 I* K* APPSNUIX f ) NOTE: Inilniment* He(eii-Ficfcafd 5TJ0 Detector: N i electron capture Column: 6-ram * 6-foot, 4% XE-60 on SO/100 m e. Qiromosorb W, HP. AW-DMCS Column temperature: 170C Injection temperature. 220C Detector temperature: 250C Carrier jtaa: He. 60 mlrmwi Purge ear: 10%CH, argon. 120 ml/min Pul interval' 50 m Injection ohiir.e: 5 j*] Standard concentration: 1.48Mg/ml Range* 10 Attenuation: 4 ! ! V i l f l I 1 i1 23 N PC 00007360 fc APPENDIX PI I.ATIve RESPONSE NOTE; Instrument Hewlett-Packard 5750 Detector: * * Ni electron capture Column. 6-tnm '< 6-i`oot. *'" XE-bi) an irti 100 mesh, ChiomosorbW HP. AW-DMCS Culumn temperature 1i*0s? Injection temperature: OJ 'C Detector temperature: 251TC Carrier p i He, 60 ml'min Purgefis: !0^CH*/ar?on, !20inlr'mm Pulse interval' 50 * Injection volume: 5 *il Standard concentration; 1.0J ug/ml Rinite: 10 Atteauatiou: 9 A* > ! Iv ! i3 i * I I1- I ' 01 !-- - . . f V2 34 MINUTES - I ----r 56 7 P;i. BJ Ai '.j :. i`i C rr . *i ! NPC00007361 c % .Vf . - 770000 1I NOTE: Inmamerit: Hewlett-Packard 5750 Detector' * ' Ni electron capture Column: 6-mm a iy-;oi. XP-feyon "OnOOmeili. Chiomniorb W. HP. AU-UMCS Column temperature, I90UC.' Injection temperatute. 220C Detector temperature* 250aC Cimer gat: He, 00 ml-min Purge gav: tO^CHi/jraon. 12'J mi'm.n Pulv interval: 50 w* Injectiun volume: 5 I Standard concentration: t.31wj/ml Ratute 10 Attenuation: 4 FiKl. ATIVE RESPONSE ! N IM t Ar.C-U r-3 1243 Tr ci 23* 567 a MINUTES 9 * 10 II T 12 13 A.**.v!or 12 * Fty 35 C-piurcC'L.-.i.vii-: ) NPC00007362 25 APPENDIX 1 NOTE; Iimminent' Hewlett-Packard S75U Detector. 4>N`i election capture Column' S-dirti < 6-fouL 4T, XE-Ocn G-TOUrneOt, Chromosorb W. HP. Aft'-OMCS Column letnoctanire. 205aC Injection temperature: 220aC Dtectai tempta- ISiV'C Citnei yaa: He. 60 ml:nun Purge gu: iO^CHa/aiytm. 120 ml/min Pulwinterval: SO Injection volume: Sul Standard ctmcentration: 1.02 ui(/ml Range: 10 Attenuation: 8 t Rt.LAI IVE RESPONSE - 26 20 22. t J A. ?ENDIX NOTE: Inuumcnt: Hewlett*P*:kird 5750 Detector: *#Nelectron capture Column: 6-mm x 6-foot. 4? XE-60 on 80/100 siuh, Chromomrb V. HP. AW-DMC5 Colnmn temperature. 220C Injection temperature. 220C Detector temperarare: 20C Carrier iu . He. 0 ml/min Pur|e p a : 10%CHa/arjon. 120 ml/rain PuJie interval: 50 ns Injection volume: 5 jri Standard coiventiatlon: 0.98 gfcil Ran*e: 10 Attenuation: S RELATIVE RESPONSE 27 NPC00007364 .APPENDIX AIR 8LEE0 SAMPLE in let GAS SCRUBBERC3) DRV-TEST METER exhaust Fig. BB Sampling Train pump and the meter. At the end nr' the sampling penod. the metered gas volumes are cnrrecied for lempeuiure and pressure to cubic metres at 2EC and 76U mmHr. U is important to note that neither the capacity not the efficiency of the gas v rubbers) for removal of air borne PCBs have been experunetrally ev jiiaic. For this reason, it is best to minimize the vampiiog How ite and maximize the samtmr.g rime period to obtain measurable amounts of PBCi When tuith flow rates `-.i* employed or i a:err c a r :. : 'y may be needed. i, *--".eriiieu tr.a: -c: jc rv ri ire u:-ii .* ii vauimned it ?*':: me-. :r,C c - r i:::\ or the c i'. -e c i v b s a ' . i.vpe.,m en:-jy i . : *:. i. this nr-'icejure x:*..-u.J oe :*ed .u- relative PCSiive.s __:d r.di .o.i fi t 6 P.-acirJaie t i } After scrubbing the desired ..mount of air. re cord the metered volume, pressure, and temperalure. (2.) Quantitatively irarsfer the crabbing solvent to a round-bottomed flask and reduce tlie volume to appioximaiely 2 ml by rotary vacuum evaporation. (3) Quantitatively transfer the concentrate to a 30-ml beaker with the aid of severJ mtijII portions of toluene. f4) Inject a fraction of a mivrolnre of the concen trate inro rhe gas .liiruxatagupii io checx Mr .nrertar- ences and determine the approximate lave: :i PC3s preterit, if no mieri'er;r.ces jr-* p:;v;r.:. diiuv; >r cc.:'.- c i r t . j '.'i the lamp.i f -1 * ur- . -c _v ;: * ... by rre -.ectr-m aurrars chrcm c ;:c r -.. o :- * .::- v.;ih as chTiimati'graphK jic :> >is. (5 If interferences arc present. proceed w ;Ji :h-j chemical treatment and cciumr. .nr-jrrtst~iiiji.Mii cleanup procedures- (6) Ira ;i*:er the concern rate to a 125-ml extraction :s ___ flask with the aid of several small pontons of solvent. *t j Evaporate the concentrate mst io dryness wish a gentle stream of dry. riltereil air ami add 25 mi o f 2.5s* alcoholic poiassiutn hydroxide. Ik) Add a Doiiing chip, put a water condense: in place, and allow the solution io teflux for-45 minutes. (9) Auer cooling, transfer ihc volution i a 250-ml separatory funnel with the aw o f 25 ml of distineu water. :?> yjr.ie -ha rxtracti -n 'jv x 'w'*n 2 ' r * \ ana * ..i add '* the sc5 ar:i-.-*v cr.nej. ' l i ; 5*t'r ':* the rr jir.r. y and '.;cc'- ousiy 'hr .cast minute Aiiv: v the aye's (? and traiisiar -.he owe: aqueous phase so j vevviic sics- ito ry tunnel. i ;2 i the ..pomtlcitior- ::atir>' wttn ; ,fecr 2:-ru z -ru : i o f hex*; .liter the ia'-`ert \ j i e r - .i t i i . add me urst hexane exiraci to the sepantory Juimsi. and transfer the aqueojs aicon il layer to the original sepjraiory funnel. II.D Repeat rhe extraction with a third 2 5-ml por tion o f hexane. Discard rhe saponification solution and combine the hexane extracts. f 14) Carefully add 25 ml o f the sulfuric acid solu tion (9:1 concentrated sulfuric acid-water) to the hex ane extracts. ( 5) Stopper the separator, runnel and diaks vigor ously f`..i it ieav I minute. Allow the beers :.* sep*< ne. -and discard the .-iwer aquerus acid layer. Repeat th.; s i unr! the ic.d layer is ' i"ies> * -i jj.- -} ev jnf aiU; i 2-.r; >v *j,' . i . r .. i : --c hexane e ..... _ ~ fiinr-Si. aiueged w !'- a. wooi mat :s .ove.-e: * .;h a uyer ;;r odium vuifate. :mo a K-nde'i!a` Da.:i>i: :vj p - urative . oncemrator. ( IS) Add a smjil boiluwchip, put the Sny.i?: . j.* umn in place, and reduce tne hexane volume .e^ NPC00007365 I iI } 11 I r} . f I i 770004 !(*H APPENDIX than 5 ml by heating the apparatus in a 3 0 C to 9QC water bath. ( 1 9 ) After cooling, remove the 5-ml graduated tube and transfe' the hexane extract to an alumina absorp tion column, washing it in with several "-ml portions of hexane. ( - 0 ) Carefully add 100 ml nf hexane to the roiunn reservoir, and collect the total eluent in either a 250*ml volumetric flask or a Kunderna-Danish evaporative con centrator. (211 If the column eluent is collected in a volumet ric flask, dilute to volume with hexane, and proceed with the gas chromatographic analysis. (2 2 ) If the column eluent is collected in a KundernaDanish evaporative concentrator, reduce solvent volume, cool, dilute to volume, and proceed with gas chrom ato graphic analysis. B 3." Electron Capture Gas Chromatographic Procedure 1 1) Instrument: Gas chromatograph (for example. Hewlett-Packard Model 5 7 50. or the equivalent) (2 ) Detector: High-temp* rature " Ni, electron cap ture cell (3 ) Column. 6-mm * 6-loot glass cclumn. 4*v XE- 0 0 on SO/100 mesh, Chroniuscro W, HP. a W-DMCS (4) Column temperature. r C X 'o i y0C \ i ' ime^i.en per: temr.-j-1:: : ~ ' V ; :1' T it* ivete:::: tctnpc'atu*. j i~ ) Puise intervi: M- _s i? ) Flow rates: Hei.br- CiC'ie'. .7 - - ' - - ^ 4 j [ j a r g j r --ie :h p .e p u r ; * . p r r o . L i n . j . . . . . I U * r . . v l'i E: -C ;s the iet::.r.naT iv; r ,:p . r d u r;i:c\* - lOiii o f each sonren into kv tr.rc-m.s- '3g:aph. 3 \ -cmpanion wi:h standard sciun-.-ii; in jected, in duplican, unde: the same operating condi tions. determine the amount and type of Arcelor using the individual or total peak height and area methods. B3.8 Sample Concentration. Concentration o f sample extracts is necessary, prior to cleanup by chrom ato graphic or chemical means, to 'educe sample size and increase ier.miviiy. The preferred method o f concen trating allows minimum less through volatilization nr chemical decomposition and requires a minimum time. The three methods of solvent volume reduction most commonly used are evaporation bv exposure to 1 rrsam o f air. evaporation e.r.pk-y x.g 1 Kundema- Dams- r*.-ao-ira*.;v< con ce-.t.it r i -nh a Snyiier cr.l-CT'. no *?.-'a::.*-. v- -.-ca^rd rr-;- *u-*f All :h:ei :ecr.r.:c-r: -~.re Tee:*, c^ed - -.incut en- ,,cornering any significant !u-ses from nlatizauun or chemical alternation. However, the Kur lem a-Danish evaponuve concentrator and the itream-ot-air methods ire easier to -ise. B3.9 Column Adsorption Chromatography and Chemi cal Cleanup. Silica gel, 3 magnesia silica gel.0 ami alamint deactivated with 0^*. l.tKi. 1.5 v. 2 .0 ^ , and 3-": water were invest.gsied as adsorcar.ts tor the elimina tion of interferences. .Alumina if-"- water) was found to be more effective and reproducible than either silica gel ur a magnesia silica gei.y The activity of alumina vanes with age and lot. therefore, fTM water was added to the alumina, after heating icr a minimum 0: I hours at 400C , to ensure a : -producible activity. Saponification, and suosequen; extraction o f *he sample with sulfuric ac;tl. is an effective way to remove a number 01 chlorinated hydrocarbon interferences as well as other m atrix interieteiices. PCBs are not effected. B 3.10 Column Performance. Column performance is the key to effective gas chromarographic analysis and. as such, the choice 01 column mate-ia-s is particularly important. Ideally, the support improved sin. aid be inert, mechanically strong, and of high surface area. Cliromosorb W, HP. AW-DMCS fulfils these require ments and is recommended for this work. A variety o f polar and nonpolar liquid phases have been investigated. The following columns have been found to vide adequate ieparaii"!:. etc. i<-r use ir. ?CB jr-aiysis by eiectrcn i-aotarr 5 - ) 7 * SF 0. 1w a-1 DG-2UC \pe:c-. L. 1 : " o r t . FXMO* J \*a-.jo: OF- . .ij'-o ?eer. . - ve v r l ** ` -nqtH T!:I taiii .oryd ira ion vnet: Work:. vitil an sxtrcn.eJy jensmve datecror ind. loniequar.:**, low i'-t.i z i tTJte'ijtSs U cornmn cor a.iii-nme. polar cnares a-ach as VE-- . r.i O F --. uwratmg j tew coiumr. c*; e:. .ant at i* pe:,)- .re 2 ' ` C to 50~C bizr : *har. that to _e -aied dtir-`.g ai.aiysis :rsatis m a mure stable column. A no-flow coniiiiomtig technique :s employee to condition nonpolar columns. The column is purged wish carrier gas, heated for JO minutes at an elevated temperature without earner flow, and the:; cooled to room temperature. At the end o f this cycle, the earner flow is resumed and the conditioning is com pleted as in the case o f the poiar liquid phase. Two pre cautions should be observed: during conditioning, the column should r,ot he connected u- the detector, and the maximum safe temperature <-*` .he liquid phase should not be exceeded. - Since ad liquid substrate? '-iecd t r one te g rv ano'r.er ar. J c!:ljm .ii ; \V i urn i, .hod-d be cr.. ...t .-u. --an.c indicaC*:*: ;l;; r..m--c: * p.y.-: * and 3 viiiing factcr (7T. p.p -DDT :s employee m tnese parameters because it \s xr.own to degrade * For example Fiomt]. 29 NPC000Q7366 APPENDIX THEORETICAL PLATES, N l6<i/y)2 Fig. 10 Cel sting rhe T j H-p. ; ? r . ,r "poor'' columns. In this manner, one car. determine whether the performance of a new column is satisfac tory and when the column performance begins to fall ofT. A column is considered good if the number of theo retical plates per foot is of the order of 400 to 500, with tailing factors o f 1.0 to 13 . Calculation of these parameters is shown in Fig. B9 and BIO. Additionally, there shoui*' be no significant extraneous peaks upon injection c f a pure p,p'-DDT standard. Other chromatographic conditions that cm be idjusted ere column temperv.v.r ir.d Saw rati 5. Altnou:\ reso!ur-cn of z mixture * crease -::h Ar-.reiiina i :z:rp c-i _.oJd : ;hjv= :^* u-ou-, the lutiur. c-:* 1 r imp-: items atthin j .-riveruent ume period. The ilo* m et shown ate optimum, tor a given instrument, column, and detector system. These rhould be adjusted if better results can be achieved.30 Any system of instrument and column suitable for chlorinated pesticide analysis is satisfacrory for PCB analysts. The use of the high-temperature " Ni electron capture cell is highly recommended. The ability to oper ate at higher temperatures prevents maintenance prob lems due to contamination from high-bmiing compo nents. Gass columns also should be employed. B3.11 Detection and Measurement, (^imitative deter minations employing The electron capture detecro: irr nonsioichioir.iinc mean::;--er.ts-a-ie ov jornwrutg peck he:g:*:i sre-i .o.v . : '.ce*:r3^"` t :c: i.* : m " rcr peak ; aie.. ^uin.ulci'.ic.: r':cwr. . : , .j ; been employed; Case L EC gas chromatogram of PCB unknown, unchanged with 'espect to standard PCB *tth nu evi dence c f imeiteiences 30 APPENDIX Case 1!. EC gas chromatogram of PCB unknown, altered with respect to standard PCS with no evidence of interference*' Case /If. EC gas chromatogram of PCB unknown, unchanged with respect to standard PCB with evidence of interference The amount of PCBs in Case I samples is determined by preparing a plot of the major peak height or area versus concentration. With Case III samples, a peak free from interference is used. When dominant interferences are present, one or more of the chemical cleanup proce dures is employed. In all cases, the response of the electron capture detector must be linear for quantitative analysis. B3.12 Contamination. In determining PCBs in biologi cal materials by electron capture gas chromatography, laboratory sources of contamination can be a major problem. The samples and extracts should never be allowed to come in contact with materials other than glass, TFE-fluorocarbon, or meui. Laboratory glassware should be thoroughly washed with hot, soapy water, and rinsed with distilled water, acetone, and then hex ane. All equipment should also be rinsed again with hexane just prior to use, and blanks should be frequent ly earned all steps of *.he p*ccd`.*r to ensure a.:,".-: -lit c-iiibuity ccmisr,..r..t:.cr.. : x *:*; it > Co xe.liralion. 2 ppb pc*:s sc; Cl Absolute sensitivity: 0 ; o JOT' iin: (3 1 V vjrr.e -niecred 5 jl l*i- Final ` oVime of ext:it . ; nU f i t 5a.~ f. Tu*i. 25H mi B4. Analysis of Water and Sediment for PCBs B4.1 Scope. This methodology is used by the Monsanto Industrial Chemical Company for the determination of the amount and type of PCBs in water and sediment samples. Absolute confirmation of PCB structures is not obtained with this method. Structure proof can be ob tained using additional techniques >uch as mass s? :* trometry ts further identify the iss chromatography fractions. 3*,2 ?-. The PCI* n w-r.,,-; jr .i sedLr.e^. p -i *:r e.(.im::sd into an crgsrcc soivem. Lnterrenr.g components ire men removed from the extracts by chemical treatment and column adsorption chroma tography. The amouiii and type of PCB* present are determined by electron capture gas chromatography (EC/GC). B4.3 Reagents (1) Hexane: Pesticide grade. 12) Acetonitrile: Pesticide grade. (3) Sodium sulfate: .Anhydrous, granular, analytical reagent CAR) grade. Heat at 400C for 1 hour prior to use. f4) Alumina adsorption: For chromatographic anal ysis. 80/200 mesh. Heat at 400C for a minimum of 4 hours and deactivate with 5%{w'V) distilled water. For alumma column preparation fill a chromato graphic column with hexane up to the point where the reservoir joins the column, and push a glass wool plug to the bottom with a glass rod. In a 50-mi beaker mea sure 35 ml (about 30 grams) of deactivated alumina, and pour this slowly into the column. Tap or vibrate the column to settle the alumina, and top the alumina wuh 2 to 3 cm of anhydrous sodium lultare. Wash the column with 50 to 100 ml of hexane prior to tne addi tion of the sample. (5) Distilled water: Extracted with hexane to re move hexane-soluble electron capturing impurities. (6) Sulfunc acid: AR grade, specific gravity = 1.34. (7) Potassium hydroxide: AR grade. (3) Ethanol: Formula 2B. (*>) Alcoholic pr*izzvzn hyd:u:oi.'. 2 (w v*- ilvsi ;i ;e s'- - i 2 .5 s u : ; AR grade ; C I ! . . J ;>f f t h ;i. iIiJi u' acid-'*;:--. : (v,v). "irefu'iy -io 270 mi of AR gride suifurtr acid io 30 mi of distilled water in a 500-ri iced bea.-:e' . i l l ) PCB Jiandards: Arocio: :242, 1Z5-*. and 1260. (See Pig. 32 jr-i F"g. 34 :hrc 37.) B4.4 Apparatus (1) Separatory funnels equipped with ground-grass Hoppe; i and TFE-fluoxtarbon stopcocks; capacities of 12S, 250, 500.1000, and 2000 ml. (2) Kunderna-Danish evaporative concentrators, 500-ral capacity, equipped with three-ball Snyder col umns and graduated 5-mI capacity vials. (3) Chromatographic columns, glass, 10 inches X 20 mm fOD) with a 5-inch X 50-mm (OD) reservoir at the top, equipped with TFE-fluorocarbon stopcocks. (4) Sintered glass filter funnels, 600-ml capacity. W-mm disk diameter, medium perosiry. (5) Flat-b *:tomed bc'l:r$ t1p*<i ; 7S-m: sapid r , . i-i) L*-";g t s : - s : ICO IL... .* .-T x t i ' i H. - (a ) ban; (9) Rectpr->caiuig viriabiespesd rhaker. (1 0 ) I0*d syringes. (11) 32-oz aii-giaismortars and pestles. (12) 8-inch t 12-tnchX 2-inch (2-1/2 qt) heat-, resistant glass baking dishes. 31 * J t i l i a ppen d ix (13) U.S. Standard sieve. No. 30. (14) Usual laboratory glassware. B4.S Sampling.-It is to be assumed that a rather wide variety of sampling techniques may be employed in col lecting samples submitted for analysis. For this reason, wateT and sediment samples should be treated as given in B4.5.1 and B4.5.2. B4.S.I Water. Where possible, the entire water sam ple. Including the container in which it was collected, should be extracted with hexane. With larger samples, where this is not physically possible. :he containers should be simply agitated and a 250-mi portion used for the analysis. (See B4.6.) B4.5.2 Sediment. Any excess water ihoulJ b: de canted, and the entire sediment transferred fo a ass baking dish to air-dry at room temperature. The dried material should be transferred from the dish nto a mor tar and ground. The ground sediment should be sieved, remixed, and a 250-gram portion taker, lor anaiyus. (See ft4.7. ) B4.6 Extraction of Water Sample* (1) After agitating, transfer the entire aqueous sam ple or a 250-mi aliquot into a graduated glass cylinder. Record the volume of the sample me qjam natively ZTzr..:iT So a separatery funnel *.r.:i hs'.ti'cd water. 1 the " i v_ twi ;y..r.. nvi-. -vo : V- - . o f h i x j -i _r.c add -m,v, ` . :? crir Stopper ?he teparat i 4rake .\c ir- - -C -r a: 'east Eminnie v - :r.- *jysrs to iiCar^t;. transfer ih elo 'te; jq-aeni. f iur.rcr. :.i t teco r.. Extract *he wate? a ler.'nd time vt".h a 50-ml portion of hexane. After rite .aye;s nave sepa rated, aid the first hexane extract to the second sepa ratory funnel, and transfer the acue-.uu layer to the anginal separatory tunnel. . (5) Repeat the extraction with a third 50-ml por tion of hexane. Discard the aqueous layer and combine the hexane extracts. (6) Filter the combined extracts through a 4-irch funnel, plugged with glass wool that is covered with sodium sulfate. Collect the filtrate :r. a Kuaderr.a- Danish evaporative concentrator, add a mail boiling chip, put the Snyder column :n plate, and reduce the hexane volume :o less than 5 mi *h neanra *('- T-sritus in in iOC ic w,.;? . - r v. t ; S v t -'apo-i muv ^ '1 After cooling, remove me 5--ni ciicu ais; :_pe ana transfer the hexane ex:tact to ar. xurnina ldvrrp- tton column, washing it in with wvc; j j 5*ml portions of hexane. (8) Carefully add 100 mi or hexane tc the column -.32 reservoir, and collect the total eluent in either a 250-ml volumetric flask or a Kundema-Damsh evaporative con centrator. (9) If the column eluent is collected in a volumetric flask, dilute to volume with hexane, ami proceeo with the sas chromatographic analysts. (101 If the column eluent is collected in a Kur.dernaDanish evaporative conceatratoi. reduce Muvent volume, cool, dilute to volume, and proceed with the gas chr.vmatographic analysis. B4.7 Extraction of Sediment and Soil Samples f l ) Decant off any excess water and transfer the entire sediment ample Ij a glass baking dish. Air-dry at ambient temperature (heat should be applied). (2) When dry, transfer the sotl/sec:nier.i to a mor tar and grind. Sieve the ground material through a No. 30 mesh-sieve and weigh 250 gram (to the nearest 0.01 gram) into a 16-ounce narrow-neck screw-cap i siumi- num-foilliner) glass bottle (3) Moisten the soil with about UJ mi of water and add 150 ml o f acetonitrile. Cap the bottle tightly, and mechanically shake it for a minimum period or 1 hour. (4) Quantitatively transfer the jcctromirile extra". ir.ro a 600-mi sintered glass filter funnel containing a 1/4-ir.ch layer of anhydrous odiumValia?s Gdlec* *>.* TU-rate m a ouO-rrJ beexe:: ..ic ;j n :*lt-i-:.*.-n :r-; be mctsuryh i5.i .After Lb: acetruiiitrie has jn*.c a*: *- : :nro *itc beaker, wash me bottle twice -virh ; '-mi portions of acetonifide, adding each wash to me :un;:e! trier -'he previous wash hai can pic*ah. sirtoia'.c'i through the seiimen:. l6l Quantitative;-. t r a i l h e ex::**-1 * j k :: i i c " - Danish evaporative cjincemraltir. add a ifitjd boiling chip, put the Snyder column in place, and ledace th. solver.i volume to less than 5 mi by heating the appara tus in 3n SO^C to 90C water bath (CAUTION: Soiver.' vapors must be veiued into a hood.) (7) After cooling, remove the 5-mJ graduated tube and transfer the concentrate of extracts lo a i 25-ml extraction flask with the aid of several small portions of solvent. (8) Evaporate the extract just to dryness with j gentle siream of dry filtered nitrogen and add 25 nil n: 2.5% aicuhiilic potassium hydroxide. fy l Add a -boiintc -chip, p-n a water con ;e~v:- m ria ieparaiory iur.;'.;. i.n* :.~s a,2 of 1} -.* o: u;*, . water, (11) Rinse the extraction flask with 25 mi of hex ane and add it to the separatory funr.el. (12) Snipper the separatory tunnel and thaxe : $ J I \ j % i i? i) f I s *3. -3 770008 0 f' I Ci APPENDIX vigorously for at least I minute. Allow the layers to separate, and transfer the lower aqueous phase tit a second separatory funnel. (13) Extract the saponification solution with a sec ond 25-rnl portion of hexane. After the layers have separated, add the fim hexane extract to the second separatory funnel and transfer the aqueous alcohol layer to the original separatory funnel. (14) Repeat the extraction with a third 25-ml por* tion of hexane. Discard the sapcniflcation solution and combine the hexane extracts. (15) Carefully add 35 ml of the sulfuric acid solu tion ( 9 :1 concentrated sulfuric acid-water) to the hex ane extracts. (16) Stopper the separatory funnel and shake vigor ously for at least 1 minute. Allow the layers to separate, and discard the lower aqueous acid layer. Repeat 'Jus step until the acid layer is colorless. (17) Wash the hexane with a 25-ml portion of water. Discard the water wash. (IS ) Filter the hexane extract through a 4-inch fun nel. plugged with glass wool that is covered with a layer of sodium sulfate, into a Kundema-Dacish evaporative concentrator. f 19) Add a small boOing chip, put the Snyie: col umn ir. place, and reduce the hexane -oiLnii to less jun 5 ml by heating the ippa:::^; i.a -,i oCaC :o /GaC wv.ir ruth. 201 After coding. r*:r.o-e :h: irs-dusted tube an: ':jr < 'V the .texane extract i an alumina adserp- t:ui .-. ium.r.. washing i*. in with scve.i 5-mi portions of hexane. (21 i Carefully add 100 ml he.var.i to 'h i column Tew.-vf. ir. ind ccilec: ire MUl due;-.: :n eiiher a 250-mi volume;r.c fiask cr a Kunderna Di-Jji'. evaporative con centrator. (22) If the column eluent is coUected in a volumet ric flask, dilute to volume with hexane, and proceed with the gas chromatographic analysis. (23) If the column eluent is coUected in a Kunderna- Danish evaporative concentrator, reduce solvent vol ume, cool, dilute to volume, and proceed with gas chro matographic analysis. B4.S Electron Capture Caa Chromatographic Proce dure (1) Instrument: Gaschror-.ato^ap'i ` if exim-c-?, Hewle*: ? i. ka:2i M-c-iei 5**50. or i r : . , : r . (2) . e;?c;o t. m 6.i-:em pe.i:.i= c;c- (3) Column: -iwn X 6-foot ass cclumn, 4T- XE60 on SO'100 mesh,.ChTomo3otb V. HP. AW-DMCS (4) Column temperature: 160C (5) Injection port tempennire. 195C (6) Detector temperature: 300C (7) Pulse interval: 50 us (8) Flow rates: Helium carrier, approximately 60 ml/min; argon-methane purge, approximately 120 ml/ min Uiing EC GC as the determinative step, inject, in duplicate. 1 to 10 id of each solution into the chroma* tograph. By comparison with standard solutions in jected, in duplicate, under the same operating condi tions, determine the amount and type of Aroclcr using the individual or total peak height and area methods. The electron capture detector should also be used to guide die isolation procedures. Water and sediment ex tracts can be checked for the presence of PCBs or inter ferences, or both, by injection of micro!lire portions of the extracts at variuus point; in the extraction and concentration schemes. In this manner it ran be determined whether the sample needs to be concen trated or diluted and whether the cleanup procedures should be employed. B4.9 Extraction. The extraction of PCBs from water, employing hexane as the extractant, has been found to be quantitative and sufficiently simple and rapid for use as a routine procedure. The evaluation of this method wa: based on spiic:~c ware: temples wv.h standard lcetc-.w ^ PCI-.. The mixing methe a ;onsisteii of adding h i PCB ji 25 :c 0 ul o f acetone to 500 ml of jo we-.er in a 32- ounce narrow-nec< xrew-cap jar. Arier the sampie war thoroughly mixed, duplicate 225- to 250-rrJ aliquots were taken and subjected to the proposed am:pie prep aration and worked upas otrlir.ed. The rejuits were quantified by preparing a calibration :urve uiing '.tar- carc hexane solutions of the PCBs used to spike the water samples. The major isomer peak height was used to construct the calibration plot. The average recovery and deviation achieved sub stantiated the applicability of the method for the quanti tative recovery and analysis of PCBs from water it the ppb-ppm level. No PCB recovery experiments from spiked sediment and soil samples have been performed. Instead, several of the residual solid.; representative of some of the types o f sediment or soil analyzed were extracted with hexane/acerone (40:60) in a sexhier extractor to test fur :he efficiency of *he ice*omtriie extraction w o . The h=xv * after tsclatTn >*. 12: dun wi:h -is- te*ci. c,cccve:.e> by .--.xhlet : ::i".:c :i hj*e mi.cJUiJ that me acetonitrile extraction of PCBs w aj?rm a2v quantitative in the cases checked. B4.10 Sample Cuncenmrion. Concentration of sample extracts is necessary, prior to cleanup by chromaro- 33 N PC 00007370 ) * s i .1 AFTENGIX graphic or chemical means, to reduce sample size and increase sensitivity. The preferred method of concert* trating allows minimum lass through volatilization or chemical decomposition and requires j minimum time. The three methods of solvenr volume reduction most commonly used are evaporation by exposure to a stream of air, evaporation employing a Kur.denu-Danish evapo rative concentrator equipped with a Snyder column, and evaporation under reduced pressure. All three tech* niques have been used, and no significant losses from volatilization or chemical alternation have been encoun tered. However, the Kundema-Danish evaporative con centrator and the stream-of*air methods are easier to use. B4.11 Column Adsorption Chromatograph;. sndChem- cal Cleanup. Silica gel, a magnesia silica gel," and alu mina deactivated with 0*6.1.0^, 1.57c, 2.0%. and 5ir water were investigated as adsorbams for the elimina tion of interferences. Alumina (5% water 1was found to be mare effective and reproducible than either silica gri or a magnesia silica gel,4 The activity of alumina vanes with age and lot; therefore 5% water is added to the alumina, after heating for a minimum of 4 hours at 40G*C. to ensure a reproducible activity. Saponification, and subsequent extraction of the sample with sulfuric acid, is an effective v. -jv to remove a::*jm-:er chi* ..:~ :2 2 ' ycrocc.'b:.: ..-ire.-Anr.ces s.i * z.i j -: :r.tr .is .-re .-jr.c s s . PTBi tc : i r e : : ; : . SM ' , P: *.inrun. Column perfcrmance ir.e itv t. "ect.v* gas chr;:r.iTogriprJ: zr.jjytis ar.c asst*:~ th. :nrice of cciunn materlds is pu'::c'i.ir'.y tir.cortx.*- Ideally the tupcert employ?c should be r-icrar.icslly tiror.e. ir.C o: high iu :f:c; erfa. h.it 'he reasons, Chtomosorb w. HP. AWOMCS is teccmr.ir.did for this work. A variety of polar and nonpolar liquid phases have been investigated The follow-;.:? columns have been found to provide adequate separation, etc, tor use in PCB anaiyiis by electron capture- (w/w) DG200. SF-96. OV-17, SH-30. SE-54. XE-60. Apiezon L. and 6% QF-1. DC-200 and XE-60 or QF-1 are the most suit able of these liquid phases. Another important consideration when working with an extremely sensitive detecror and, lonse^-jefi-ly. low levels of matemis is column can Jiticning. With polar phase: :uch as XE-oO md QF-1, operating a new ::iumr. ivinigh: at i teroperanre 25"C *o 50JC higr.sr .. Of lice : ir.aly-,.; \m s;: :1s c.lumn. A r.crilow ::nc:::jrcr.g ::.r..:quf ;t pwysd ;o condition nonpolar cciur.ns. The column w For example, Floriul. purged with carrier gas, heated for 30 minutes at an elevated temperature without earner flu*, and then cooled to room.temperature. At the end of this cycle, the carrier flow is resumed and the conditioning is com pleted as in the case of the polar liquid phase. Two pre cautions should be observed, during conditioning, the column should not be connected to the detector, and the maximum safe temperature of the liquid phase should not be exceeded. Since all liquid substrates bleed to one degree or another 3nd columns eventually degrade. :I1 new col umns should be characterized with two column perfor mance indicators: the number of theoretical plates f.V) and a tailing factor (7*). p.p`-DDT is employed to check these parameters because it is known tc degrade on "poor" columns. In this manner, one can determine whether the performance of a new column is satisfac tory and when the column performance beguts to fall off. A coiumn is considered good if the number of theo retical plates per foot is of the order of 400 to 500. with tailing factors of 1.0 to 1.5. Calculation of these parameters is shown in Fig. 99 and B10. Additionally, there should be no significant extraneous peaks upur injection of a pure p,p'-DDT standard. Other chromatographic c-nditions that car. be ad justed ate column temperature and flow.rates. Although rssJiiittc-: of i mixture :r.::;asss with decreasing -;n - pe-.iCiri i jenpe-vUTi mould be c::cser the: iio--: -in; -yet:-.:! oil ."ic-- a-:.:r.ve;.:f.-t pence. The temp-. cr.en are optimum for -t2<' cr.ionntired biphenyl; 'fn.pe:amr;> a ;: incrcj>eJ * ! . specifically :~ilyz:ng r'or :he higher chlorinated nir1. nyts; that is. \%. 60$;, etc. The flow rates shown ar* optiTiiJn! for i given instrumeui, coiumn. and detect-.n ivste;1:. The* should be adjusted if better iits can m achieved. Any system of instrument and column suitable for chlorinated pesticide analysis is satisfactory for PCB analysis. The use of the high-temperature 45 Ni electron capture cell is highly recommended. The ability to oper ate at higher temperatures prevents maintenance prob lems due to contamination from high-boiling compo nents. Glass columns also should be employed. B4.15 Detection and Measurement. QuartHinve deter minations employing the electron capture detector are nonsmichiometric measurements made by comparing peck heights ;r .ir* :"?r 'ji-'-vr. ccr.certraiirr.s -wh : . r : c: : *- . . . . . . >. Hi cep-: x . . ... . ;; Tit: :: .;:.:s au esuedv r :;r* iucibiu mar. pea.< heiar.i ~.fai'irer:er.:i: are rx::.--. iy time consuming unless a recurding tr.regraior u em ployed. However, peak height measurements are as accurate as disk integration of tnargulatior and. u :he 34 1 f J NPC00007371 peak shape represents a Gaussian curve, die height may be considered independent of die base. Consequently, peak height measurements are generally used. Three vanatiuns of the `peak heigh; or area quantification pro cedures have been employed. Case I. EC gas chromatogram of PCB unkn *wn. unchanged with respect to standard PCB with no evi dence of interferences Case 11. EC gas chromatogram of PCB unknown, altered with respect to standard PCB Hath no evidence of interferences Case in. EC gas chromatogram of PCB unknown, unchanged with, respect to standard PCB with evidence of interference The amount of PCBs in Case 1samples is determined by preparing i plot of the major peak height or area versus concentration. For Case II. i plot is prepared of the total sum of all major peaks versus concentration. With Case III sampies, a peak free from interference is used. When dominant interferences are present, one or more o f the chemical cleanup procedures is employed. APPENDIX In all cases, the response of the electron capture detector must be Linear for quantitative analysis. B4.I4 Contamination. In determining PCBs in water, soil, and sediment by electron capture gas chromatog raphy, laboratory sources of contamination can be a major problem. The samples and extracts should never be allowed :o come in contact with materials other than glass. TFE-fluorocarbon, or metal. Laboratory glassware should be thoroughly washed with hot. soapy water and rinsed with distilled water, acetone, and then hexane. All equipment should also be rinsed again with hexane just prior to use, and blanks should be frequently carried through all steps of the procedures to ensure against die possibility of contamination. B4.I5 Sensitivity (1) Concentration: 2 ppb (21 Absolute sensitivity: 0.5 X liT* gram (3) Voiume injected: 5 id f4) Final volume of extract: 5 ml (5) Sample size* 250 ml r < i h li t: *t 35 f V -da v American National Standards The sta n d a rd ir> this. Uook'et is one o f n e a rly 5,600 standards a p p ro ve d to date by the Am er'con N otional Standards Institute, fo rm e rly the USA Stondords In stitute. The S tandards Institute provides the m ach in e ry fo r crea tin g v o lu n ta ry stan dards. it serves to i.m m ate duplication o f standards activities and to w eld con flictin g standards -nto tingle, n a tio n a lly accepted standard* u n der the designa tion "Am erican N otionol Standards." Each sta n da rd reoresents g e n e ra l a g re e m e nt am ong m aker, seller, a n d user groups as to *He best current practice w ith reg a rd to seme specific problem . Thus the completed standards cut across the w hole fabric o f production, distribution, and consumotion of goods and services. Am erican N ational Standards, by reason : f Institute o ro c e a -*e i -ef)e;- 3 n e *io n a l consensus o f ira .n u i oc'vr*s, consume*' ano jcieniif--, c -l, and pro fe ssio n a l o rg a n iza tio n s. a n d go -i.-"?**rite 1 agim c>e- : e re js s d w :de!v b y incusr*> ana cc. .mere nd o^e-i oy r r.-':tip a l irate and federal governments. The S tC 'ca -d s r-s-nute jn d e r lyhose auspices this w o rk is b e in g dr>r-e. is the U n itsd Bta'es :!ec.* 'g no u se a n d co o rd in a tin g b ody fo r standards a ctivity on the i-.c -s '-c l level, ir is a ic a -irc n o r o f trad e associations, echnical soc.C' .r s, orefess ic j g 'ou o s. ar-d com tie r o rg a n iza tio n s. Some ! , COO c a m p e r:e ; ore am lrered w :rh the institute os com pany mem bers. The A m erican N a tio n a l S tandards Institute is the United S ta le s-m e m b e r of the International O rganization fo r S tandardization (150), the Inte rn a tio n al Electro technical Commission (IEC). a nd the Pan A m erican S tandards Commission COPANT). Through these channels A m erican industry m akes its position fe lt on the international level Am erican N a tio n a l Standards are on file in the libraries o f th e 1n a tio n a l standards bodies o f m ore th a n 50 countries. Par a free '1st of a ll A m erican N a tio n a l Standards, w rite : flits S` ; r v i: ! - V ' -S NPC00007374 7700^3 Westlnghouss Electric Corporation Power Systems Camicr. >stn Sot34* &oemr'arjanaj^joi |31Z)3U?: October 22, 1976 Mr. J . J. Kark NEMA 155 East 4 *th Street New York, N.Y. 10017 Subject: Negative B a llo t, Revised Document, ANSI C l07.1 (197_) Dear S ir: There is a clear need to d is tin g u is h between "goals0 and "requirem ents" p a rtic u la rly with respect to Sections 3.4, 3 .4 .1 , 3 .4 .1 .2 , 3 .4 .1 .4 and 4.1.5, 4.1.5.1, 4.1.5.3, 4 .1 .6 .2 .2. Wording o f the proposed standard (and in e x is tin g Cl07-1 1954) is accept able as an expression o f goals. However, seme environm entalists and others have been in clin e d to read in to th is wording a present, mandatory recuirer-e."' o f zero nolecules c f PCB loss in water e fflu e n ts . This seems u n r i j l i s t i c in vie c f the present general status c f manufacturing operations, anc inconsistent -*.th the P re s e t get era! s tie s c f the s^vircn.v.ent (where statements are a ttra v n g th a t evidence o f T V s is found v ir t u a lly eve* ...here). I t also seems inconsistent w ith the probab' tole ra te d le ve ls to oe e s tio ' ished by the various governing o rg a n iza tio n s, and inconsistent w ith environmental need as r e f ected in the perm issible dispose! o f apparatus, such as b a 'la s t capacitors, and tne handling o f losses oy s p ills . At the le a s t, wording should be m c d ifie d 'to specify present wording to be a goal, and losses in water e fflu e n t not to exceed those set by the governing regulatory agency. In p a rtic u la r, s p e c ific changes should be made, as fo llo w s : Clause 3 .4.1, la s t sentence - add parenthetical phrase, w. . . no askarel wastes o f any kind to be disposed o f (in bulk) in any water e fflu e n t s tre a m s ...", and add sentence, "Escape o f snail tra ce q u a n tities o f askarels shall be lim ite d to th a t established by the appropriate governmental re g ula to ry agency." Clause 2.4.1.4: The "id e s! aporoac^" is described I t should be stated that ' essi so lu tion s to crcc-ietis ara =** exely c i f r i c i * ~u-. s : : e : v *** given. he follow ing a dd itio n al sentence is proposes: "As a .mirum, effiuen streams should have contaminated p a rtic u la te matte- N PC 00007375 770014 770015 770016 i NPC00007378 i i I 770017 i te. y^C i Westinghouse Electric Corporaticn Power Systems siieltt Axarans O rar &X3 BODtrirgrjifc irc $' * l812' 33Z4421 October 22, 1976 Mr. J. J. Kark NEMA 155 East 44th S treet New York, N.Y. 10017 Subject: Negative 3 a llo t , Revised Document, ANSI Cl07-1 Cl97_) Dear Sir: There is a cle a r need to d is tin g u is h between "goals'1 and "requirements" p a r tic u la r ly with respect to Sections 3.4, 3 .4 .1 , 3 .4 .1 .2 , 3 .4 .1 .4 and .1.5, 4.1.5.1, .1.5.3, 4 .1.6.2.2. -j 'r*.TM - ~ -a ""**" Z'Oe "d a t5 " c a " " d * ar. d in i " " ** C^ ~ 1 " 4 : i s >r ~ i i as a.i.r-*-:,;*.:' : * je a 's , -Sowever, n r z ' r . c ta*. 'its i" z or.--.-s M va z t i ' ' r.z \ '.r.rzz to read in to cMs - a resent, nan-Jet *. molecules or ?C5 loss in water e fflu e n ts . Tnis =e=-: ^ r e a l i s t i c i r view c f the present general s ta tu s -o f m a r.jfa ctjrin g ooe^c' ai dv 13 , i j ' n : ; !L n u u *1,c s ,,l# i c. 0 : 0 vj tu a by the va*-icus tcve^ning o rg a n iza tio n s, a^d inco nsiste n t with env1rcnrer. need as re fle c te d in the perm issible disposal o f apparatus, such as *11 c e rs c itc rs , and the handling o f losses by s p ills . At the leas* wording should be modified to sp e cify present wording to be 'a goal, and K.-ses in water e fflu e n t not to exceed those set by the governing re g u la to ry agency. In p a r tic u la r, s p e c ific changes should be made, as fo llo w s : Clause 3 .4 .1 , la s t sentence - add carenthe ;ic a l phrase, " . . . no askarel wastes o f any kind to be disposed o f (in bulk) in any wate- e fflu e n t s t r e s s . . . " , and add sentence, "Escape o f snail t r a c e 1 q u a n titie s o f asxa-sls snail be l i - i t e c to th a t established by the z: \ ' : i - i i t r a tta ! regui it,r_ . aga-.... Clause . t . : . 4 ; The 'ice s' accroa: n ` ; s casf'.cec. -t s'ou : be'stace: that 'deal solutions to -rcblens are extremely o ^ f i c u l t i f not iroosstele - to achieve, and therefore a minimum acceptable solution minimization of effluent stream contamination is therefore given. Tie fallowing additional sentence is Droposed: "4s a minimum, i *' effluent streets snoulc nave contaminated particulate matte-. NPC0Q007379 7700^0 separated for disposal, and concentrations of soluble askarels controlled by dilution or other means to levels consistent *ith limits established by the appropriate governmental re g ulatory agency." In other respects, I favor approval of the revised document, C107.1 (197_). Sincerely, Robert D. McClain NEMA Delegate to ANSI C-107 J9 cc: Mr. C. R. Willmore NEKA 2101 L Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 NPC00007380 770019 \ \ PROPOSED AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CAPACITOR- AND TRANSFORMER-GRADE ASKARELS CONTAINING POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. C107.1- ( ) NATIONAL'^S'RlZA i. MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 135 EaST TH STREET, NE' YORK, N. T. 10017 NPC00007381 T AB L E OF C O N T E N T S See-on Page PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................................... G en eral.................................................................................................................................................... Benefits........................................ . ......................................................................................................... Risks........................................................................................................................................................... Alterni v u .................................................................................................................................................... Interdepartmental Task Feres on ?C3's ....................................................................................... 1 1-3 11 1i 11 1 1 Cl Cl CAPACITOR GUIDELINES................................................................................................................. In t r o d u c tio n ............................................................................................................................................ Capicltop*grade A skarel.................................................................................................................... Plant Housekeeping ans Employes Safety Cc.-aol oi W ar Effluents........... , ............. * D ;s :< a i ? t z .............. 2 1-9 2l 21 Gsr.eral Guicelir.s: F. ,z :t c GhideUrs: DISPOSAL SERVICES 4 1-2 APPENDIX-- ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AMD LA3CEAT0R SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS. A Tentative '-e o e iut Ar.ci'-r.s c: Wa:;; is: ?ot::e-; ziycr.Iorir.a'.ac ipr.e-yL J'- . c \ li7 2 by K iz c r.il e c ^ .c a l Mnufaerurers AssocUz i . -. NPC00007382 770021 I PROPOSED AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GUIDELI NES FOR HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CAP ACI TOR - AND TRANSFORMER-GRADE A5XARELS CONTAINING POLYCHLORINATED 3IPHENYLS. C1Q7. 1- ( ) ( N E K A 0 ft i c i al S t a n d a r d s P r o p o s a i 1 - 2 5 - 1 9 7 3 . ) " V i p.-nusa: - ^ z'-it v ; : 7. NE'.iA. in c m parazcr. viti*, i s i v i Trsrv'crr.c: - ?:.crr G'-'u-ps .,,merica.-. ;.*. V*m: Zj .v.v jv ^ , C .*7. ,, Ci- m ; Disposal As*j : : a.".' -vi-.'-' joa--. Mitigai:. v ;:e proposes iiic d tr ii will rs p -r is ic iT .y rev iew -; for ir.y :jvlr.or.s -.eeestsry to s e e ; ::.;v . ,p wi -- .cv i c i n e l e ' h c c propeso; cr :s o o m x e n ;j - ?h.--ilv be ;* ' j Technical Director Manager, Engineering ' and Saie ry Regcl anons Department National Electrical Manufacturers Association la s East Street New York. New York 10017 NPC00007383 770022 G UI DEL I NE S FOR HANDLING AND DI S P OS AL t- CAPA". AND T R A NS F O R ME N - GS. A DE A S E A R E I S : : a : n : n j ? c *. v r. h l d . : n a t e d j ; ? :i z :: v i s s i< P P.ErA.CE - NPC00007384 770023 I OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA SECTION 1 PREFACE I. GENERAL Askareis cornu ting of or containing polychlori nated bipheynls (PCS'si have seen used in many applications for ever :b::v years, but only recently was evidence discovered that ?C3'i are widely dispersed in the environment. Systematic investi gations c: die biological atieca of PC3' have been undertake?, within tie past few yean to es tablish the effects of ipcLihc icrm uiaicai upon specific species. Some studies rave shown mat PCfl's may be an environmental tcr.ramir.ir.t. Simultaneously, a g r . . : ' . s t e p s have been taken by L\ S. Industry to t t : : :u::ne: releases PCB's to me sr(-::or.rrer.t. A*kirel-filled power and incus trial tapac.tors are significantly smaller, more reliable, mere durable, and safe; than oil-rilled capacitors, a s a result, askareis have supplanted mineral oils m more man 0 percent of the power and industrial <apacne-rs mace today. Over the past few decade: most the equipment that incorporates such capacitors ha: been designed to take particular advantage c : the size, safety and reliability benefits of askaiel :a pacicois (e .g ., many types are rocay less than Id percent of the uze of equivalent t i l capacitors and have a life expectancy ot ten "c- more mar! twenty years',. ?C 3' have beer, user three c :. s - types : applicatimi fer the par: \->rtv yea::, is ioilowj; ; ; i 'Coen encei" arsii*: suons . tor example, m pains, special-.- :r.ics, pipe; toaur.qr. plasu-.s. e tc ., ibi ' no" inally clr.sic" anoIl<_uri :ns, for example, as i e wurki:^ : lui a in `tydraiiilt: or heat transfer systems: r.c 'c: c.rseu i'.e.'tnca'. systarr.7 application*. specillo ally as tre insulating fluid in certa.'.? types of transformers and capaciHits. The Monsanto Company is the sole L`. S. produce: of PCB's. It has discontinued 'supplying the material for all type (a;, and (b) applications. 1 | j Evaluations of the alternatives and tuk/ber.c fits involved in the c o n in e . :% of PC3i in closed ! electrical systems a:e sunn sized in me fcllowing, i commercial ir r ir.rutrnai buildings wuic. Ircaric-s rresrr.t `re taatit porer nel cinger to li: r i - c proporr.. I ! I. RISKS In the Uni led States, m edical records over a nearly forty-year period show mat the nnly ad verse health effects experienced by L`. S. wotxers exposed to iskarels, either curing the manufacture o; these liquids cr :f e ic c tn c a i equips e.v : c ?.- taming these liquids, have beer, limned to c . * easier,al cases : : non.* :h -jo. c -'r.lccari.e : ; : e : tem.ucrar-- ;*ir lest :ac .k artl* rilled rar.s:o :m c:s a .:, i : :: _.v 11. 3E`.<Er:T5 i .elivered to customers os sea_t c-its -.t.rh ---------------- l1 :.e :r is no CMic e of as.*ar?l rr.ru r : r r : J : jp e:- AjKirei-rilled sa-isiomters do not bum o: sustain j anou. While cs:ta:r. types o: equip f a n : -ail_:es fire -r.es: eondiicns o f internal electrical arcing, ' can permit loss or some as.-areI to me cr.v::*o- -- ! /age 1 NPC00007385 770024 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AM OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION 8Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA mem, transformer failures are limited to approx imately 0.02 percent or the units m service per year. With respect to capacitors, such losses are limite to approximately 0.02 percent of the askarel put into service per year, in addition, limited amounts of PC3's can get into the en vironment curing the manufacture, deliver/, improper use. maintenance, repair and disposal cf transformers ane capacitors. The principal alter-stive to askarels ripaeitors is mineral oil, but such replacement would return capacitor technology to its pre-l ;."2 level and would necessitate the redesign and replace ment of such widely used equiprert as fluores cent light fixtures and racks for power and in duction heating capacitors, which code not now ic commocare the increases size of oil capacitors while maintaining their present ramie;. Specifio control measures have been instituted by individual manufacturers and are supplemented and strengthened by national standards and procedures such as this Guide which provides information to prevent the inadvertent loss of PCS's to the envixor.T7~v * all stages from in ica i as.-:arel manufacture TV. ALTERNATIVES The cost of askarel liquids arson: five m ten times more than mirerai oil. Thus, long before there were any environmental concernr about PCS's. there was a strong economic in centive to End other less expcisiva insulating liquids with tiie desirable characteristics c: askarej. Since rhe l'iSG's at.leasr an .na*or ;::.= ':ucal or sis;'ar-rai, corrpunies na": rr.-zi'.ci .2-:-. a.--.tur.3 c: ; r . : me mercy *... ;c-.- . --1 wi_: no success. '.'hi'..- pvter.rial -uesa- fit- mes: :c n l. man isitarili have ais; - cetvsd some : rrsLceran :n c . g . . ilucrmatic liquiesi, little is knows aoout cither il-r-r- tr.cal pe.-fcrma.tce cr pcsnbU iil eitec w -n me snviroumeni. There are rscay no :.zzz3 ti.r nan*be j s z i as a direct :er.accmon: :c: nifiti,-'. For technical and local ana national code rea sons, it would be impossible to replace most askarel- filled transformers fiow in service with olI - filled unis of equivalen: ratings, without major construction V. INTERDEPARTMEXTAL "ASK FORCE ON PLg`5 changes that would be required to compensate for the Ere resistance of the askarel- tilled u r ic . For An in-depth ssrev of ?C3's has recently been certain applicaeons aa-J locations, cry-type trans completed by five ixer-cv e branch Departments formers muy replace askarel-ilec transformers, of tile federal ovemmer.'.. This Intcrcepartmerital i! ! TasK ~z:ce _v. ?C3'> issue-: e i: teper: untied "pjivriilfir.isaiec 7irr.-ir.vi: :rd tire 2..'..r.;r.me.-.:. ' r .r new -..-.stilliu; i, wltil.-*. : : r *h- itsCuns '..` ce: r r . wculc s ill izz'.j. - r i l r i " ar.fi irjtallaio r. cfisigr. p ::v is:crj ccfitc be .dace \ to accommodate me use j i oil-filled, open cry- ! type, or sealed cry-rype nansfermsrs provided 1 v Distri bi:*ei by tire Mancr.al -ficht:*: al inror- necessary technical, code, physical size, and maticn .vue. 'J .3. Department : : som m erte. cost conti derations are properly evaluated. I Spring fie l:, Virginia titil!. Price 35. DC, Section 1 Pae-2 __ , NPC00007386 770025 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL .THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA "The use of PCB's should not be barred entirely'. Their couanued use for transformers and capacitors in the near future is considered necessary because of the significantly increased risk of fire and explosic:. and the disruption of electrical service which would result from a ban or. PC3 use. Also, continued use of PCB's ;n transformers and capaciwps priser.3 3 minimal risk of environmental contamination. The Monsanto Company, the sole domestic producer, has reporrec voluntarily eLminaar.g l a distribution of PCB's to all except mar.i> faemrers of electrical transformers and capacitors." Reference should be mace to the interdepartmental Task Force Report for additional information and conclusions. Sec Cor. 1 Page 3 NPC000073B7 770026 Cil*! FELI NES i:OK. HANDLI NG AND DI SPOSAL C F c a ? a - : : 7 0 R- A.VL' T ?- A >' ? . O KME R - AACE A S AXELS S E C T I O N `J C A ? ATiCOR GUIDELINES NPC00007388 770027 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA sect; \ n 2 CAPACITOR GUIDELINES L, INTRODUCTION The environmental effects of askare Is are under in-depth stuay by governmental ar.s other agencies. Askarels have been canadtres rclanvely harmless to humans based on about forty yean : : sate industrial usass, There has oeeti r.c knowr. instance o: human injury when they were esev. the normally ac cepted precautions anc --i--.*j ?: handling In both manufacturing ar.o cjc: a-pLtatous. Traces of askareLs are oe.rg fount; i:i the en- vironment and in :Tsh sn-: ;i- .h :e . The lerg-term T-tueic ar.c ecciegical e ir* tc. y?t ncm- .n-im 'vcr. r . : = r tc to-e. s-.- i r *. ___ rr.t:: to me cn-.n:cr.lT .r..i There are rw General -laitsr c: askereir med by me = ls c z :c a i In ju str.. f.;e higher ahlcr.nated g race: are me more p crsi'ie-i nature. jecause : : -s ir high rezree or r .;r .m i - n i a a ij r /. they arc m ac In tran.itotrr.ir; where : o : x ' 1 rate-.' a c : parameter.: importance. Capacitor-grace arnard has a lower degree of chlorination (composed primarily of the 3 -chlorine isomers cf biphenyl) and a higher degree of Modegradability, Generally, it has not been found in animal life. It Is used in c a r i d tots where the extreme degree of nonflammability required in transformers is af less :m ?cr:an:e. Although capacitor- are transfermer- grade ajkarci; oth tentai'1 members of "he ?C 3 family, thsy 30 .,:::n r ir. co rr.p c a c rr. esgrec r '.occgrac- ab cry. persistence *.r. '.a m :;, e i e r r .::ai starilir.u pa " TM . itibiliT.-, *r.r :: .lurr.-r. : . ~ it -.ncmesc Cj -- jb '.i . .'c: mes; -cisorj a : rhes tnc Gucac-.es is trteacec *o apply :e . jo ic tr-g ra a e ijftaral. IL CAPACITOR-GFATE ASKAREL In September of 1971, a rtew grade o: caparitor lmpregnant, Aroclor 191=, was macs a .a ilable to he Industry. This new grace contains a typical concentration of 0 .4 percent by wsigr.t of the higher boiling homologs of the chlorinated biphenyls. * Aroclor lOld replaces Arucior 1242 which previously was the major capacitor :mpreg nant aac contained around " percent of the higher boiling oomologs the more purtist.-nc :n nature.). This 0 .4 percent I=.rel ot the higher ociling nomotog; shoulc be rne maximum ecncer.L-3" cn be u iri. !.. ranacitJiS d e fc r -c : u.;v; ici alterna:: r.g-current acpLcauons. : ru.c. Awe lot I '1 6 has the same V'_ nonflarr.mabilir. rati'::' a- *::e io r 1242. la typical properties a :: z'/'z:.. ; . s ic 1. S ; ; seccon 1 'age 2. I I L PLANT HOUSEKEEPING AMG EMPLOYEE SAFETY The following procedures and limits are in tended to be minimum requirements us be met by manufacturers and users of canard tors contain ing askateL Handling, control and disposal pro cedure- are given, together with exposure limits anu 1ncreated ant dotes and cleanup croc-cures. A. Material Allure: for use :c tapacit'rs ;r.wilJ r e s is t :: c ; c s-am.or: nen u. .r:=s" i.g ..a .e.._..e- * Monsanto Method T-923C2. decncr, 2 Paze 1 NPC00007389 770028 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Tabu 1 Typical Properties of Atoclor 1Q1 ?:ooe;tv and MMred Typical Values Color (APH . . .................................................................................................................. Condition.............................................................................. .................................. .. Speclflc Gravity at 2M '. i-.C'C VASTM D icL O l..................................................... Acidity (mg. KOH/s.* ASTM ? *71. T 66d..................................................... M o is tu re ................................................................................ .. P.ei:acive Index i t 2 V * . ASTM 13 1 7 1 ................................................................ ; Fresi Chioncs: . AS7V. i> 1 - - V ; .............................................................. r ' .* :u :t'A S T M 7 ...................................................... .'rr-ra-.: : T : 1 l . 'C-C* : l-.' / C ; .................................... 10. raax. Clear 1.362-1.372 0.010 max. " ppm. max. :.*J21 > 1 . -i23-s 0.30 ppm max. - v :'C or lower '2.-A. 55 C e p .;........................................................................................ ..................... " -jm'.vsu Stability Z i r A37M 3 IvZM 'A; Chicr.oaA ................................... ai Stability 7 ;s ; a STM 3 (As chlorin es'...................................... r i s i l l a i m Rango "M 3 13 -Z-crteetec) 10 oaicer.: Cistiilec hv V e ig r :.............................................................................. 0 percer: Ztiuil?.: *v V .e irr:............................................................................. nighe* 30T2 Homolog* . M o:::ar:t Me od 7-12352; . ........................... Sulfates (ASTM D r . ~ ...................................................................'.................................. ZJielectiic Strength a: ZVC TASTNi 3 77'. .............................................................. Flash Foia;, Cleveland Open Cup <ASTM D 02} ........................................ .. Fire P o i n t . . . . . . . ................................................................................................................. Corrosion Test (6 hours at 210'C with bright aluminum foil) Change in Weigh: of Aluminum............................................................................ Viscosity at 100*F SUS) IASTM D 3 8 ) ., ................................................................. Specific Heat at CMC ......................................................................................... ............ Ceihctert c i Expansif. ASTM D T303)................................................................... FLxes C&cruie ; C a r ie s ..................................................................... ..................................... Power Factor at T ***c -7- : ->z ?Monsanto Method 7 -2 2 *3 ) 3ullt................................................................................................................................... T r a m s . .. . .................. ................................................................................................... M- \ '.y' c r . m - *. . . . ; ppr.;. v.a.\. 3. f pp;::. max. 22.3*0. m ir. max. rercj;;:. Ta*. None 23 V. m n , 33i?*?. min. None to Dolling Point 0.0 percent 71-31 0. 30 0.00063 c o - ce *C A l..1 = ".7 peneri: 1 5 ; t : ; mat. A nc-.en*. r : / . Section 2' -page 2 . -* NPC00007390 770Q2Q OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL 15 AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Commonly used solvents include benzer.e, kero sene, acetone, tncfcloroc thane, trichloroethylene and perchioroechyleac. Typical vapor pressure cats for Article: 1015 are: C*C 25` C 150*C J00*C 0.001 mrn 0,006 mn: 4. `j mm 25.0 mm At 25'C anc 760 mm Kg pressure. saturated air contains approximately 0 .0 0 mg.'liter. J m g'liter ~ O.O ppm (v/v^j Pi ppm ;v/v) = I l l ma h eerj fuix ohicr:.* :: z z t. rein: : : m.a:.c* i : r j ; - -j point of e;.e:n:: nvcic be -one in ..Ivses . ~zrz rue.-. as rail :n>. can, rircx ,n.es. r ar.r.e or nrge 12..*:. : reciec jramr. Icn- rn.rar: node be leueiec --' :o .omens u.-c cirr; a label .. a n ~ : arji:a; less :f rlun, :o ihe open ar.vi:5""".ir.a, Tor. railers :sed ui transact: askarel should nc: ae used for storage or to transport other material without being com pletely cleared ot all la ce s of askareL ;Clean ing procedures must take cognizance of pre cautions against excessive exposure and ot die need for proper disposal of contaminated cleans ing sol;errs ar.o materials as set forth in Parc V of 'Jus Section.: Transfer ::om shipping containers to procesm-: systems should be through rlcsec piping o; rubitia :rh Appropriate valves, pumpi, i x , provision hovie oe T.aoe :o: rapping a::--' dU-cimr ot Vote ica: -v leac-acs m.ils r.-m *-i: :.::e r i i. . r - r h- . . :n- Drums be'reared ::om use thouK be r.lear.ee before crushirg, oellver. :c scrap dealer, or e r e : disposal. CorrraminJ''e*d rMar.ir.g flu_s ana r . : tenaii should be disoosed as indicated :n Part V. , C. General Safety Precaution Although it is generally accepted mat exposure to capacitor-grade askarei is not h a z a rd s pro vided simple precautions are 3ker,, exp.sure should sail be avoided. 1. Vapors-- The coor of asKarel is noticeable well below the maximum air cancer.ba cons consdereo safe. 'Jo to 1 .0 millisram per cubic meier of air has been acte mimed tu be the maximum sate level ot exposure curing an t-hour work day tPar. G. :e:eiance si, The procedures far puriormmg the necessary analyses are can Lamed la Section '/, "A Tentative proceuure for die Determittaaon of Airborne-?slychlorinated iouenvls, " . . i . iticcvd -a iv jiciv . . r . marc u: zziz-z'.; a. -; -t. : rr.afiuiavtur.i:; o e r a u ~ ewi , 'pen sxoos.re :o is.-ucsl especially i t : -z'C if higher'. The guras procure.! when isri-'t* ser imposed by vary Id :- rrmyerc- .::r .such is mat of an elacir. ir.;t -he pres ence cf ai; or otg3"ir triralaor.-g matedaU contain a high percentage o: hycr.iger. Mi nes, and small percentage; ;i carbon di oxide, carbon monoxide ar.c oxygen Minute concentrations of this combination c f gases are very unpleasant and U n u ti.^, dim giving ample warning of their presence. I: exposure to high concentrations of askarel Ls necessary under emergency condition!, an approved gas mask or self-contained breaming appa ratus sfcculc oe worn. Such exposure should ;e under me surveillance t' other pe-rcr.r.ei vipabl- cf resc;.- :n cue xr ai.nice!*w x e c u tiiy trie taspirarcrs a.:c repia e-r--s.it ram sh.-.k have Bureau at Mines acpicval ar.u ce mainrai.iic on i regular srhcc-.le :r. jccurhance -irh .-he manufadnirer's riccrr.mencaL-n. Jagc 1 NPC00007391 ^0030 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS O FFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION S Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 2. Liquid-- Unlike insulating oil, there is vir tually co are hazard In handling askatcL A lim itea rolvent action (sim ilar to that tor pain: thinnen on die fats and oils of the sldit with prolonged contact .may lead to drying and chapping c f die As with, insulating oil, some people are al lergic to askarcl and continued exposure may result :r. skir Irritation. 3cti: the liquid and vapor aro n ece ta te ly iititaar.g to eye name. Operating p r:ce e u :sj should V ruth as fo m iu R t^u or elim inate contact with asKarels. Use of eye protection is recommended. The use a; porous cioves which can absorb on: retain askarels is to be avoided. 2*r" rte: *roams48 resistant gloves" shsula se MfP 1 -0 o ta r: *j ur.avc: c c : Ic. Y :e c : - .: ClCSdi .na.ndir. preezis: icuiomu ar.c mochanicai assers iuc.-i a:: ou? :i r ::a c i htediuiii:al vosr.ee -r mt'.a 'owes ry T.aapoU-auc-. or. uia :rcar> will rsztic. :'m .m u : : c ,, riiu l'ir.g .rorr. the dcr.tar. an ogc:. .-j : e : abrasion wit:: oskx'cL Safety glasses with side sh ield or a iace shield should De worn when handing askirels. If liquid oskarel :or. tacts the eye:, die eyes should be irrigated tntr.eciately with large quantities cf running water for IS minutes ana then examine;. by a physician* -A drop oi castor oil has been rousu reduce to* riraaou) Persons developing a slur irritation or res piratory c a ct irritation whiL- working with askartls should be places under e supetvisior. ci a physician. Ingestion or swallowing c i askarois is nor generally regarced as a prablerr: of the :ndustry. Should accidental tncesGo.i occur, a physician should ee consul tec. Ha.:os should he warned with arm water and soap before c3anc. blinking, imciaru: or - mg collet fact u ls. V. Maftu/acatrir.g Housekeeping Mamirartuncg equipment x ia j peran "a pro cedures should safeguard against less of askarels to ii:e er*.-i:ar.mcr.t through proper u cntiinm c"' uispcnL yroc-hares. Enclosed r.-stcr-j ; : ".rr preps:8, gas-etsc .c :- ", -jl.-rj. .vr.tai'-'.-.i ar.-. o;r- cesiing ;ham:e:i .tiouic re usu-c :or any pern:.* of the ope:a*:en viiero UKor-d :r::'.pirat_;ej may excccc 1?*.I. sjsilcsi:: shnalu ore'erahly ix:-:r - i :u all erhar rciC'.'>;s *hs :v; :t m ::^o;ar os j practicable. | Containment provisions should be established' arounc all askarel processing areas to ensure against inaevartent lass to sev er systems by spillage, leakage, or other uncontrolled con ditions or events. Spills of osxarsl should be removed promptly by means c f absorptive material, such as sawoust, ; or crapped and renovec bv pumping or other 1 suitable .means. '* r c : example, ?LY Vo. Gel ' MiIbcm Co. , " :or,, Michigan'. or K.erodo.i -*t ?. 0 . Sox .23*,' Church Scree: Station, Hew York, . Y. iCO-vi', *he equivalent. T Eimon:. Solvit s- : :.c`J Mlersirk of sricgepori, Secnoi: 2 page - i _ Cress Street, Sncsepcrt, -leers. >1601 \ or the q -ji.a isr:. WC00007392 770031 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Waste fluids containing askarel not suitable for reconcitioRir.g or reuse should he collected (by means of traps, drip pans, nays, etc. i non: rhu var.cu J ca rs c; the manufacturing and procssang area (including w a sh or other clearing cen'cesj. Disposal should be made in accordance vim Part V of this secioo. viper rag, clothing and other extrarenis ma terials saturated with askarels saculil be collected within the containment area for properly controlled laundering cr dspcsal (see Part V of this section). - i scosal r f As-rare1 Wastes ; trocs cisposal- of u oui-s a * : $i~.: v.eh " , Miscellar.egus Procedures 1. Spills b y leakage from finished .:.tpa-*ito:s should oe eleancc up promptly : means of absccbenr media which should then >?e moved m containers provided for that pur pose within e containment arca ano lam: disposee o properly. 2. Aakarel wastes should never .*>e disposed ,v ilowr. erfluent drams or sewers. ~!;e itmost care must be exercised to prevent iciccr.ral loss by these avenues to the environment, 3. Caoaciiors failing tests or otherwise desig nated for disposal must be .entre Lieu anc bandied ir. acuerdaros '.id: the inter.: : : me pnrceoures ioovf, r.nally being expose c r : c . : " . * : rhe r'it!_r.: / *. V 1. Cor.taT".' : h au l: js>are; w ri*:t as Is : : r :s .'.j .n u r g as i c i e l e c " - : tr. 2, Liquid csxarel item solver.: operator.; r : w ars:/detergent type washers. 2. Saturated earth or other absoroor.t media from filtering operations. 4, Saturated sawdust or other absorptive ma terials from spills. 5, Saturated filters from vapor control cevices ar.Q orner niters. C. Asierer*.ts ` Mcnfa"*c Li-ius' -i'.'. Cherr.*.-: :!.< Tcrrn i.v Tech ci u l ii s s > F ? l.-,, A.\-v::*i'f ?cly. : /miarte ?:1 ;/pi..*:;y*w ? If (l.o% ember l's'l). 2. American Conference of Governmental 'ndusaial ttygiemss: Threshold Limit Values fat 1364. AMA Achieves uf Environmenta1. Health 9:345 (ISM ). C. freon, J . ? .. Cleveland. .Jaopel. and ?.. V . ire hiey The foraciry 'f di- Varors o; Arocic: 1212 r e Arcelo^ i l - . 3. ASkarel*rcr.:amu-.a:oi vecuun. pump ;:h , 9. ASKacel-ocr.tan*, aci s e c a r. e: "icuum. system condensis:. 4. Ellans. H. S.: The Jhc::us~y :: '- - u r s . il Toxicology, ,'ohn a; '.oy and i-'ns. : : c , , New York. 1355'. Scenes 2 ?age KPC00007393 770032 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 5. Drinker, C. K .. M. F. Warren. and G.A. Bern: " he Prooiem ot Possible Systemic Effects :'rcm Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, ,'curr.al c i Industrial Hy giene and Toxicology IfV_'S3 ;1937;. 6. Drinker. C. X. : -urihc: -cte~.-aD.crj m the Possible Systemic Toxicity v Certain or die Chlcrinaiec rvc,maroons, .ournal s i In u n i al Hyaicr- c u .. 1a>icc logy 21:13-3 .1939',. 7. Greenberg, L .. M. Mayers. and A, S. Smith: The :c:n.c irrere Re sult::::; r s r S*'p-'?-.:e :r Cirrate 7 kirn n" i *: . :ly c * ::v . ** . . ; r al 1 . -ism V : an. * . . . . . .'..I '- .IV. A. Concentration limits The 1972 EPA proposals ate to tecc PCS levels in riven and lakes below 1. 31 carts pc: billion. Plant effluent streams sheuid be man aged and controlled in a manner consisient wii: this goal. B, Mooircrirg Sacares On a regular basis consistent with plant sit uations. all effluent streams should be analyzed. The procedures for performing die necessary analy ses are contained in Section 3, Analysis a : War and Seoiment for Polychlorinated 3tor.er.yls, This procedure rr i s equivalen: ihcuU be used. IV . CONTROL 01 WATER IPFLUENTS The iadustry goal is u cl. minare askarel in plar.t water eifuen: ttreams. nove ver, <.t ls recognlzed :hat exiing rralr. systarna in capac itar manufacturing plana are prnfeably oaniair- inated ai a remi: a: sai: pracs-'as, ano askarel mi'* ccnz ::_f -o *hm- vp .r. eitluent rcr sorr.e crr.e. -ovever, " = le'-el :: ui: .ir.i.*'ir *c -r * j - t : . y _. 'tairm.rr.t :: ir ;-.. vr? : -7 ci recar; a -.ite _-n:- -; ; - j , .: zr.et sec co ::s oi -Tu Tilice preve Js _u : *.r is/arei v urei oi any .-tire be cispose.: or .n my water etiluer.- sueans and- dia: iccicemal spilli -^e;^cever.'.ad :rorr, geilir,g iato sccr. ;tre arra. Secton 2 Page Stream :rn:a.T.ns.`~ _ ___ The iueri rp'rodt'. ;; rouily uuia'a ill erTiuer.t t reams mat rouir be rtT.tiniir.aie: *;. isk ire j mar.uricrrr.rg p. ~ f s : ano pre- "er.: trterr. .r ;r . o e ; tri chant. .7-: :h= piani Carbon adserpden, 11m e;:: r.e tz s , ar.u solvent extraeaon are techniques whi-r . car. 'C applied to reduce me askarsi content of eiiliic.-.'. streams. These techniques may De mos; useful :n rieanmg up water used in plant processing and to permit recycling. V. trap c is p o s a : FPrczrvp.ES lid .-.'.tainr.r . r x p j s ; ; I aikirel, wraor* should : r : : as wastes, j Spedite sources : : these m a te -.als appear tnracgfc- I cm this dccum en: bur may he placed into r s e I categorie:; *R C 0 0 0 ^ 4 770033 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARO DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 1. Capacitor units impregnated v im askarei, production and field re a c ts . 2. Manuiactunng process liquid wastes con taining iskaiel. 3. Solid waste pcrpcse'.y 0: acc.JenCy =amrac ed with asKauL Disposal should be done ir. a. manner which is consister: with proper concern ter 'ire environment and wr.i-n minimizes any release 0: aikaiels to the environme.iL ! .i. "liy.'s:: ; a- a: -.^ ' `*: z * c :i- .i p i r r o : ..a :- car. c : . ` r :a :f ' z^-i : --c j :a; firing v ; c.i -nt r. ..z. 1 rer'.-.cr. irootr. io n re ;e - 3 c-. wee*: ;*? reacted after me impteg"'!::.::. zrcceca .Cc::e r:: prcduccc' . a icr. ic; ir.ar.j-ac ra: rr. 7h:v mav re re mscha.-ca; - ieirmcal teasers, 0: oc- c i :: ocsol.isntr.ce. fis lc rc,ec3 are mese am a which are re jected or which. for other reasons, are to be scrapped after shipment rrorr. me plant where rhey were manufacturec. 1. fm jaecen Se-e.-is-- .vijerted .apacimrs ir. ' capacitar irar.-is: turinc plans represe-: a roncen trace-: >< as.-vart'- \l is importar/ Jia: their iscos.ee re mace :r. a mar.r.e: cci.sucer.: with g-.-pe; : r r.c *r. : : : the eo- . ..-ormani. .'h e r :.:.. i ; i c *.:n .ca u l; zz Cipote: . .-se- -im.- r. . n : ___ r _ j r ir.cinerador of scrap capacitors ir. acilities designed to accept such solids should previde an alternative means of disposal as suer: services become available :n :hu future. 2, Field Rejects-- Small capaci tots ; c e iln c. as containing less than 2 pounds of askarclT are practically always used as -o n e 're n ts ::i other electrical or electromechanical eouip- menc. Typical examples o i large quantity usage o: such capacitors are ;r. fluorescent lamp bailass am: residential air estu i ao rung equipment failure Si such -capacitors may result in scrapping or me donee of which it is a past ;as in a iluo reseerr eaklasr. or re placement ana scrapping of the individual cacavi:or - as :r a room air _oncih.oner.. ir-iz'-zz. the .na?or: 7 n'such inac::.'cs " . - J .. Ir. -:o'v.-._. cc_ ; :i? p i i . :tcU : :: ..ea~rz r_: L r . :c / cevt-ci whir:: mu c ; v : : . : u ir- -tie . ::m o d .:s -3 . T`it*s, .a o: ispida. : chai3:'iP.20c by 1 lew coi;cen::amci. : small qua.-,h is s 01 as-caiel ougho-t : - : cur.try ar.d. ir.ceuc r c c r a c c : roe w . .rm n a iji;'. me natLcs 01 'h i c_".ic s -r.c s-jup--cn : in which such capacitors ire ncu .! such .at they ate normally cispose r u :a ary landfills as a matter o: c o n v e n ir c i. Since it is impractical at present to axer.**sc any meaningful murcl over the disposi tier, oi the bulk of such devices and eyuipme.11, it Is imperative that oskarei used tot im pregnating small can<u:itors be limited ;o the recently introduced type which contains a typical ccncenaatici. *1 *\ d percent o; the higher -.-oiling homologi. ^ lire.*- rapa-j-.to-s (.sa :ncc:p.**:ad-: * . " peer. : :i ssxcreT- 1- . Care should be e :ed :r inters a t m loss cf licorc wiii .-Lou: curing rarsp.:runon to die dispose. r. tz. Ji : .esar-o `/.od T-Od'dC. Secnor. 2 pase m. NPCOOOO7 3 9 5 770034 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA B. Disposal of LiCJitj Wastes Ail waste askaiel or liquid wastes containing askaral should be cisposad oi in accordance with one o! me following proci cures' 1. Incineration-- Present knowledge indicates that proper :-".cir.e:aaor must involve a suitable balance between dwell a nie and temperature ::i `lie incinerator plus oxyer availability ar.c. Inali;.', s c i:able scrurb e remove the HC1 wiiich will be formed; e . z . , -;if 2 -s c e o rJ dwell i r e ' at 2C00*F and 1 p ercer: e x c s oxygen in stack gas; -`U> I 1.2-seco n d swell time at 2 '0 2 *? and 2 percent excess cxy cer i ;: starrt gas. J c . Container used tor this purpose the id ro t be used :c : ar.v other rr.aietials or j retired from service u n ii drey are c*T' pieroly cleared. Any solve:. iced :r cleaning these containers will bo con taminated with iSKarcl and should be disposed of ace .:ding tc the same pro cedures herein described. I I C. ^sposai of olid Wastes j (See Par, A for Scrap Canacirors) j All solid wastes which nave been saturated j with askarel should be disposed o f by die followir.g 1 procedure: i i fo Th- sa i wastes :tjL :2TD These "ic a i. -r 1 --.c* _e -r; 'u *: requirente .a o : Li-: .z : sy a.: located ar.c mould c i :*lc :r .r vivi.*, the limits - : .'ri-, .c tre; cooirr.-ict. ir ;r*`ic *1. -- T j.- :r,, :rti :a: U.J mAmZ * . % - , Tex:r anc v.'asijs Tirw w l Certain i i- .jh l l sites have coo.: itasstid c by State and Federal Ocverr.rr.mts as suit able for me disposal o: toxic anc hararcr ous liquids. Where such approved sites exist, they may be used tor the disposal of liquid wastes described in this document. (See Section 4 .) 3. Packaging and Shipme-r-- X T r a n s p o s a i:* : : die disposal simuli re - ..c'tutr.jr. **.11 p:* a sta ::. :c ite .:7t, b. ` Containers should oc labels ; as a conte::u an; precauoo.i te la i .e to i- f a s to uni e;:*ironme;iu . j ' -J Secdii?2' page Scila u r b e " us". :* :11s va.. rcsec et uuccnrairtuc tr tr.t. Supetv.Swu .tv laaafill sice: transport to die site stwuli be in clcscc contai iters. Alternat: . =fo, 1.:ciflcrancr. can be rued 1?. acro,-canee wirh pai. S '.See Seci.-n i tor laciliaes',. V !. LABELING' Cap act Mr u:ufi vary gteatry in size and ir: ere :re appiix* scion, small capa TCor units are ::e - i-.v:.- mzj. . . : tn:::c:n:nt :.c:; 1:: cue.*. appi:.-ii? n s a lane, n v.-: ta r a .: r e .r.r reteti.vnr.c aprive cisposa. aure - .la nr' normally be -uioU .. r.e: ::vs p .t-c :: #q'upm .ei::s QuSw N. NFC00007396 770035 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA For the foregoing reasons the method of providing disposal instructions tor small capacitors and large capacitors is treated separately. 1. Small Units (Incorporating Less Than Pounds of Askarel)-- m all rapacttors are de fined as those which '.-man asxarel in quan tities up to about two i2) pounds each ar._ in which die ::s s liquid does not exceed 0 .4 pound. They are h e m eccaily sealed ;r. me tallic cases, Such capacitors are applied as a component of a larger piece of equipment. Attaching a Label to such equipment refer encing this Guideline or describing disposal procedures would be of limited practical value. .. i.arre Cap' .tv Vr,,ts ir'trp .-.' -r.c Thar Z is :f .-j: ------ 7..- . l y i ' : : : ciarufacrur merit 2 i s t ;. ; r...-.- ipitutus placo, refstcr.dir. dis cdj:",e;:- or describing dtspesai prccedures insistent with it. This label should rem ain, as a mlniiruni, the following ir.rwctacor.: "Al'TICN* THIS CAPACITOR CONTAINS A POLY CHLORINATED 3IPKENYL TO AVOID POSSIBLE ENVIRCNNIENTAL- CON TAMINATION. IT SHOULD 3C DISPOSED Or ONLY IN SUPERVISED DRY i.AM'HLL AREAS MEETING STATE REQUIREMENTS OR (N INCI.VExATiON FA C ILITIE S DE SIGNED =OR DISPOSAL OF ?C3*F. SEE AMERICAN NATIONAL 5TANDA?D? :: rz c iir iM h is : : r . i - 1 - Z - --T-- - u.'' i -- '` -'z n ^ r :o :.i:.\ )i. NTT v ; JAM . - M i . r:z. : : a ne ` tarnl Pase.} UPC00007397 770036 I GUI DEL I NE S FOR HANDLI NG AND DI S P OS AL OF apac;: TOR- AND TRANSFORMER-GRADE ASKARZLS 7 _i ; .: ; ? c 7 v CHLORI NATED SECTION 5 TRAN S r O i l M E =. C-Ut DE Li K ES NPC00007398 770037 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA SECTION 3 TRANSF ORMER. G Cl DELIN'ES I. GENERAL GUIDELINES A. Definitions-- Tvjgs -;i' Transiyrxe: AskarsIs The tern: askarel general:'.' restnoei a oroac class of nenilanmabLe syr . ? lo ::n r.:J hydro carbon insulating liquids *:_ iiy csea ir transtc-nsrs, reactors. ana accessory sqmpir.e::; cpc.-arcii at power frcquencio;. Asxareis n: .erriposirinnal types are :n use Qbr :ne gmc.-ai r;jpe:ues and types, see A37>*. Spectiioatior. :or T _Iv: used Aromaar Hv- drocarbuns :Askareis' :o: T'iro: 'rmers. D TM S3]. Unde: arernir. CDnuizcns v.; . u n p:oc;;c;c, while ccnsuLce u: p:ec;~urxMl n. rmr'iSrible hydro- je.. oiler: de, car * . -- * j J l | ir.ertccrt No-rTsmc; Pyranci Saf-T-Kuhl ' B. Safer/ Precautions Jaseo on abuuc id:r. /-ars : ` rare usage, askareri `.ave oeer .--.siesru;: as relatively rrarmjass r.tarcr-da ta :._-,arr. TLerc has ree.c no jc.OKr. :ci:ar..s i r v;;cn as-a: vis are used ; " f - me .iurr.'.ii'..1 - -t ; .-.:c:c:ns : : ' irec- ,,c/._u ... p-suro : : astcare h :s - . f ..jU is ;;.:v :_ e c prcri-tiocs are J.*?:' : y-os.e >.1r*j , r i7... a ...u e J anc -m. c::.2CC. 1. Vaporj-- The odor of asKarel is noticeable well below the maximum safe a;: conce-- tranons. Depending upon the oniays: an of the askarel usca, from v . t o 1 .0 milli gram pc: .ubic meter c : air has been te- retmineu to be me upper sate level of ex posure during an S-hou: week day. ` See American Industrial Hygiene Asscctatu-r. Hygienic Guide Series--,,'anuary, fcbrjzry, 1963. j The procedures tor performing tile necesary analyses are' coniairsu u: Sec tion j , "A Tentative Procedure fur me Dotermir.irinn y; Airbon e- ' Ivc nlor: ca Ttiph*v;h.~ This precedu:.- -u- le.rr ; .ell csed. 'pCi :u~.os i*: 's j'r.cuiJ be avmcc. 2,* 1 Of ViDO.-S ar; -.au; me T.-.es. nose, micir. :c c?cs: :err. " ' " rc c u Provisions sinall be mace c-.e- cuati vendlaci-n in-.- - - ic la c :r or . r .i :- - fancuring ;me:i*eira :o av:--J open expo::.:: of ho: askarets :5 i'C or nigr.er.. i'he ;asus produced when askarsl is decomposed by 'e.*v high temperatures ,'sucn as tint; at an electric arc) in tne presence Cl air or organic insu lating materials contain a high percentage of hydrogen chloride, and small percentages of other gases. Minute oujcso.tracons n: this combinanoi: oi gases art vsr / unpleasant and i:a rating.. ;hu; giving ample arcing vt thei: presence. If exposure m high ccrv . - tracjns a: us.-arels .ir in ai' ;c procure .ecwisa:.- urd.,- imeresr.-uy : t .muons, i;> aroi-iis. . i s --ai'- :r.; : .c.: iXU'iw:.* . ur.ee: me r.-?:ll.ics ::r ;r po:scr.r.=. capable c i rescue m rase accidsnt, i: the odo; et asarc r: 13 ar:i-: yreduce .s detect: the ourson weaenje orotei-tive non 2 Pace 1 NPC00007399 770038 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOS'D STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 1. Storage Tanks-- Storage ranks should be erected sc that inspection can be made for leaks -or spills.' Construction should be such that inadvertent Leakage or spills are pre vente. from reaching streams and sanitary or s u m sewers. ( ' 1. Concentration Lima a -- The 19?2 :?A pro posals arc ro keep ?C9 levels :n rivers and lakes below 0 .0 1 parts pc: billlor.. P lan effluent streams should be managed and controlled m a manner consistent w ith mis goaL Tank Cars and ~ank Trucks-- All hulk shipmem equipmentshould be inspected fot leaks immediately upon receipt, Drain pans must be provided to preven: spillage from unloacIng hoses and ronnecnoiis. Asxarel liquid celle:reo ir dram pars should be placed-in " SCRAP ASKAr-E,' " or-'ms for disposi con. j i i i 2. Monitoring Streams--AU plant effluent streams should be monitored on a regular basis, consistent with plant situations. The procedures tor perrermiug Tie neces sary analyses arc contained in Sectu .j 'Analysis of Water and sediment tor Rolychlorinated Biphenyls," This ptocecire ot Us equivalent shall be used. Stesi Trema. Tans, a* d Test Samo!. Containe.T-- 1 C fliv--. `.ITsuch shirm.e-n" should be oarj:uU - .. -c~red :'v 1CJ The cento:r:m rhou'.c : 1 iters; : r J C-. *5 r an area es;pecully seise ted tot -(-i 0:.rpv! A curb sheold enclose :u crei pro-.dds a basin for *cr.tarr.mc the osnarel[ ::e:r. one mete cor.:a:. e:s s.vulc ms '.c.-.tart --. i! be aam.aeec. Tr.: i: * rriis: have 1; Z-r. which is cr.r;*. m.z * ?-r sewer. If an indoor sic rag-c area is not posible, the containers should be stored under a lean- to. T. Water Eiilu eha-- Sampling. Con.ce:iaranon lir r iB and Analytical Procedures The tncuimy ca l ;s to eliminate askarol in piare wate: eftbenr streams. However, it :s re^vrmcec h -.\l: 1 ' z train r-ttamj rsm. :r.s' pin*v. s : a-.- : - ? cj a n ; t n r s l '. r i : . . t -S .--.ay be :c ; _i .t _ '.ciac 1 a riiu l* - j past proems ss. C ite: iccc.-re of this Galee provide r a t r.o askarel wastes c : any icr.J be ispesed cf in any ware": irT.uen: streams arc that a c t :certa! spills re prevent?.: `ram getz.ng into such streams. 3. Methods for Minimizing Effluent Stream Ccr.tarrinado The Ideal approach u to totally isolate all c::ioer. : : .ms - ' : .-nl-o be corcamiuateo wt ayar-. J dvr.",. :ac-r.rl.:g pczccssss pro. or.; *.cor,, v oetr.g dschm^-u .'.or.; *hj plan*. n, Cisocsil Procedural, and efv.c-.'i1 |1 1, Sources u; Materials Requiring Special Handing and Disposal Procedures-- Liquids containing PC'J's and solids containing or contaminated with PCH's may be obtained from any of the following sources: transport containers, transformer manufacturing processes, in - sc failures, liquids con taminated beyond re.-:am.aeon. in-ssrvtce nansfcr.T.e: leaks ard failutes, askacelSiled tra'is'fotmsrs scrapped tot any reason, era. ree types *: mate .tais z i'v s a l liquids, burnao !; soL. "aren ais ventai ri ma T>rTS`s ar.t: nonnurnaalc iv'dd materials contaminated v.tr. V i s . 5c no- .1 Paite 3 NPC00007400 770039 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANOARD OEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA equipment, lie should im m ediately go into fresh air. All gas masks. respirators and rep lacener.r p ars should have Bureau -jf Mines approval and be maintair.eo on a regular schedule in accordance with die ntanarac oner's recommendation. o Liquid-- 'Jnlike minerai insulari:^ oli. there is rio fire hazaid in har.dlir.g zskarels. A li mi leu w lv e n r action :si m ila: :o tiat :cr paini tnnr.eri cn die :ats ar. j oils or th' SKin viti: rrolcT.ceg _ornar t may lead m drvir.g i ' . chappi.iu o! ihe skin. t e wuh insulaar._ aiL seme peeplc are allergie. to as'rtarel ar.c 'icnc.iibd exposure ::;ay rtsult .n ir- ira canon, both d ie li qui c ar.d vapor are ...--dsratlv : r : : u r r ; :c -aasuc. Persons developing a skin irritation or respir; ` atory tract irritaticn while worstc with j asRareis should be placet urutcr supervision j of a physician. | Ingestion or swallowing of askarels is ..ot generally regardec as a problem of die in dustry. Should accidental ingesticn ocu-Jt a physician shoulc be consulted. Hanes | should be washed with warm water anc soap j - before aanng, crirudng, smoking c: -mug toilet facilities. J | C. Transport Container Marking ! Any container ruen as tans cars. :a:.x &;< , imms. -ans. etc,, usee to transport ira.-diecr" : : j-cirils. new -:r -j=d, mould :c labolcc w:tr. . 1lowlier" ance 'a n ta -.: i t i c i a.:- air.acea. The -.se c : zc '-'- c roves .er. aasc-m and .slu .-arsL* b ic be v e l i - _. ". stani .'laves L'.-a 2 - ' v;s me r.suprsr.e . ru.yutr.y lene. ;ujr ~ pc s n o ..; re irne . .-ontirt ; ;r-- iVOidasV. 'n -rase :* sr.i lge "n die .lotir iig, 'he rio th .::; snculd be rn ove as iwir e maeii-ral. the txrn washe J ana e -ioti1- ing Laureerei!. Medicinal washes o: mild detergents ollowed by die appui'anca el cole cream will reduce the irr.ranor. resulting frani the ccniac: -at ar. open c.i: or abrasion w ith k ire L Saie*.' alasse; .m r i r h i i l c ; v : 'a ce s h ie u i - ~.2~ - Ji. . . iC a i-i :r.-- -e .-ic--- . :v largo u _ d n = r. o; running * : : rr..: utes ano mar. e x a m r.-a :y a uhysic.an if the iretailo r p ern ia. A crop or 'astor ->*1 has been found to red'-iu irr.rahon. ' Sect;.on " Page 3 ..*. j .d_N TH:.' ''rvO^CGT CONTAINS FCLYQHLORiN AT7 ii; iiiN YLi `_A?.E .iliOVLi' SE " A.-.ii.' TO-?REV5.V" ENIR: INTO THc ENV THROUGH SFILLi. LEAKAGE. LiE. VApfiFa- ZAT-ON. OF, DISPOSAL Of LIQUID O'* CON TAINERS. AVOir PROLONGED iiLEATHING Oi- VAPORS OR '.'-STS. AVOID CGNTAIT WITH ZYzS OR PROLONGED .CONTACT WITH SIvLX. IF SKIN CONTACT OCCURS. REMOVE 3 " WASHING WITH SOAr AND WATER. K U - LOWIVG EVE CONTACT. FLUSH WITH WATER. IN CASE OF SPILLAGE ONTO C!x)-lilN'G, THE CLOinING SHOULD 3C FZVOVS., AS SCO*. AS 'RAi.' TlCAL. SKIN WASruiO. Av 0 CLOTHING LC'NDfSEL'*. S driareii .v-.' ': . ; ~ r r . ... :ar..w ar*. '.ar.-: - 1- v : utum s, re c ta . -u r.j ana ` ; - r .a m p ie - c r ia , w.ien receive;, a.! ..ortame;: :c: leaFd. * be ..isoected NPC00007401 770040 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEVA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA a. Liquids. Liquids conairing PC3's re quiring disposal by high- temperanire incineration nay consist o: i e rollowing: (1) PCS's contaminated with mineral olL (2) Mineral oil contaminated with PCB's. (3) NonrecLaimabie cturtarunated trans forme: askareh arceu askaicLs. askaicls from manufacturing spills, and sump accumulation, etc, rich in PC3's, ana askarols from holding banns, i t ? and drain pars, wash ings, lam.pl^ a:s anu containers. Jumaa*.*: * visis ' lit-rii l T ' " * * - me .r.e in be dis- fosin o: b. >*n-:cT veiar. re :no eri- t;<" r c /.ir-iiit .it rsria .m : T.r na.s, .'it, pr-2jcoare, vocd, sawdim, .^Ler'i ear'3i in bulk c: in :lotb oag-, clou papers, ruttile jr -.-ock ; mk-t, etc. c. Nonbumable Solid Waste Materials Containing or Cintamrna.eJ with PCB'. These materials m.ay consist of coil strieziras. steel, .'cpper. alu minum f ila : umts :r the steel mesh ccr.itr:cz:r. r/pc, .-tare'. drums, ran?, it:. pans, ct*_. Firme: --nevai of inhering PCB's cai: be aocorr.pliir.c2 by v;as:hu cr solvent a.vnacno.. w:m Aerose: f .w aecSen 3 Page I other approved washing liquids Such as perchlorcetliyiene or irichlcroeri.yle:!. Accumulates liquids can ?e disposed of as indicated in par. F.l*. a. Solid ma terials may be handled is normal scrap. o. Shipment of Scrap Liquics far Ulspcsal-- All liquid scrap material should be placed in appropriate metal transport crusts, prop erly labeled. :br shipment :o a company offering ar. acceptable disposal scr.i',,e. 4. Shipment of suitable Solid Waste Marenal containing ?C3's for disposai-- Material oi this type should be placed in open head drums with suitable clcs-css and with the drum properly Libelee :b: shipment to a company altering ar. sc.reprjjtc cispcsa! .w it:*:. ", lisuid ate Soil- ' arte lis t esil ' .. ^ rgrn.L2.3C. j -- z. Cer,e:iL Cispcsal :: iskarcls - t dJ:.arc'.teaks: mi*--tlais ihovc v ic-c-ontphalved by means in m-b tnt:r is no sigriTcanr release ot is'-x-al to the environ::]ertt. At present, drposal is accomplished by' carebUy-c.v.ollec incinrai nr. of liquids and soaked ic:tware, and by cor.rn.Lled lar.dil burial of apparatus and other hardware from . which ukaral has been previously drained and washed. Present knowledge -.tu.-ates 'hat proper incinerat.dn must .rvolve s suitable . b a lin ': oerween oval'. rime and ier..peracdte :.: e ir..:*rraw? plii' -'tyge:a .3 i.a -:V.n: - -, T a llv . mma-re l ` M T and J percer: .-..ness ;v ; ge.*; in sta-.x ges; 1 i L-secsnc -s e li cine a: -TOO'" and 2 pement e::cess nxycir. t.n itnc.-i NPC00007402 770041 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA These facilities should meet die appli cable requirements of the State iti which tfaev ate located and should control eiluer.Es within the Urnia sc: fetch i" is docuri-ent. Controlled landfill or deep-well 3- posal can be used where permitted by Pvderal, State a.-.a local regulator.*. b. Colts. In addition :a the normal cose of collecting scrap 1quids and solids for disposal, aedifionai costs notne by the owner of such scrap Include shipping containers, cost of transport tc the dis posal service organization, and a dis posal fee usually based upon a per gallon ot pe: pound charge. Tisposai Services. Crgarrisazcr.s ctr.-.T. " sposal ter.*;: ; are Lote*. '..*. Sector. mehidtcg their locate-., 'facilites available, type; zi mater. 21 har.ilei, and disposal procisures useu. ipe;:n.= sapping di.eotrr.s, rispse1 pieced:.-is A::i :o!3 mould be z'olizt.z from rite ocgamzitcr, ; IL SPECIFIC GUIDELINES 1II 1 A. Transformer Manu-actureis. Service Shops, e r e .-- Kousekeepire It is necessary* :o assume that in filling equip ment with askarel and curing further handling of this equipment an askarel pill may occur. There fore, it is necessary :c previae aciliries ane a pro cedure for clear.-uo to orevent '.'or.:a.Tar.a&or. As/nrel " Arte-- a. The Ircanrr. rf the hazre riUr*.** ':e,i should be ad-acer.: u the test area ar._* * final shipping area tc jTom.Tone the * danger of carnage of unis ju -ng handng. * !. f b. The main manufacturing area for fill ing equipment with asitare! should be provided with imperr.cui surface floors or suitable basins so :instructed :hat any ir.adveiier,: leakage o; mills are prevented from reaching streams. san itary, or storm sewers. All asKarei* handling equipment such as pumps, hoses, etc., shall be of the askarelrdistant type. c. Deis pans shall be provided for hose connections and filling valves. Soecial Containers :b: Seras /ate-.i1: -- 0. a: si--did be i.-i-iCble *y r..\ 10111-J ar.d * oils is/arel fro: * (: le-: ums. ---;p pans, sample CEO. an. b. Coe r.- head drums Vi: th suitable c Ins i:s ar.c laoeled 'SC?A? 3URNA3LE A5KA3SL WASTE" should be available for handling contaminated cellqiirse insulaticn, rags, paper piesstuard, wood, gasket, sawdust, etc. c. Separate centaine:! for fia-ilt-g steeL copper, and aluminum, each adequately markte,' shall *>c previded for the rom poner.s oi .:-r>rami naced cors and coil asror lias. These tamers ir* rs.tc- " * T. > . ' . V . i * ' *- Containers for supplies or material for aosorsLig small asyars- spills or clean-up or larger spills should oe ptovidid. Scctuii 3 Page : NPC0007403 770042 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA 3. Conditioning of Askarels-- 3. Transformer Labeling a. Askatel Conditioning 3quiprr.cnc. The conditioning unit shoule be located either in the storage tank area or the main transformer manuac taring area for tillirg with a^karei. b. Fuller's Earth. C-r.diaocing or new akarelor recycles aarel requires fuller's earth near-c:: a Toe spent fuller's earth :n c a r t r .d e er bacs, when replaced saoule be allowed :o thoroughly drain n-er dr.p pans to re move as rr.ucr c q.,,: r a;Kare; as possible. The cartridge * rr steel mesh cor.- situo sor. ihcilo ~e "lacuc the " STEEL CONTAI. E.V A 7E7 ' -CTH AS- CARE!/' :o r iiL ii-: : : t disons;r.- - . C .crr. bag: hlle-j with fllt placco .r. m* A = I '- ' VASTE" -cr.rai.'r* "w ~ r > Teardowr. j 1 ___: : r ". t i r %z i. Drain all --are! f-; tv 'he cm; into a fielding ran.-, to; reuse or into the drum labeled " ICRAP A5KARSL" for dispoddou. anc then allow suffi cient time .tor ail cl the aswars1 to drain uom the cote anc coils. b. Remove trie cote and coil assembly from the transformer. Sufficient ab sorbent material should be placed or the Hoot to abioto ary as-av! fluid th arirll :r.p s ::a. stormer. Place all materials .r. the i i f t-'-ctc i i l v i g i .-jr.ta. ; c. rr.ir.:Lr.z tz. .. l 1, New Transformers--AH new transforme:; that contain PCB's shall have a laoe c; aced-iate curacihr/ pern anca..;' and prort-.itc-ULU at i tached to me tank :v e manuta-iu:;:, giving adequate warring and instmeuo;'^. A suggested label includes the :oHov:r;g; 'CAUTION THE LNSL'UTINC UOL'lD IN' THIS TRANSFORMER CONTAINS POLYCHLORINATED 3IPHENYLS fP C aC i CARE SHOULD i t TAKEN TO PREVENT ENTRY INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. IN CASE OF NLALFt'VCTTK3N ORLEANS. CONSULT THE !Ns TRl <"t i j n m a > :. a l o ? t h e*v a n : : f a c r .v .c c 2. V " r a r a a .:::;:" -- T he rari;-:" ;- m anca, turer ihr-cid ma.-e avatUrV. .-CiiccN- la b e j *.viih i st;:uu r wanting as >?vr oar. 5.1 to* i;- oil t:;rit'rr.te:;. C. Transfermer Users-- Shipping, installati.;-. Maintenance, Sampling, Appatams Disposal ` _________________________ 1, General--Askarci- it Ilol transformer;; are delivered to castoni ers as Sealed ttr.ics ir ti; which rhe'A J ro j. are . - arei ro c : normal operarlo:. ' . l i e -ertala rypes equipment *auures .a.; loss os' err.c ainar-.i " ta-i j -v. n t h x. ;iss; s :s c. All usee r i t e M d , ;r. lcd..: .ugi, sawdust, tare, e r e g a r d l e s s quanti ry. shall be put into the acpropriaro oonta.r.crs f.*; dispcs:icr.. Seeder. 3 Page ? 2. Transporter..?' ana Tocj..:r.g --1t .s . . c ati.y ucci; receipt o: rho equiprr.er.: and following any iiauiporrati.-a : : '..ancii.i; a.*.-cent whiga could atre:: the .ttccgrir' ;f the tar.k. oust.- SPC00007404 770043 i ! OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA logs or "i-iiaiorj, the transportation vehicle, unk a: .tangs should be examined tor any leakage :r spillage that may have occurred in shipping, if leakage is evident, e -.-ansc should be corrected and the spillage soaked up with absorbent naienals such as sawdust, followed by a clean-up o: the affected area with rags soaked with xetesens or other ap proved solvent such as perthlorcediyler.e or trichloroethylene. All materials used should be collected for proper dspoahor. as described in Sec non 3 Part l. par. f-. 'Disposal Pro cedures and Services, ' 3. Installation and Periodic Inspection-- fol lowing installan.cn, die uni: should again be in s p e c ts :c : any damage or leakage. ::sy=c uc.v. \r m.auc .c: ary lea s. precautions previously -escribed s:ip pans, proper disposal or filter media, a :;., apply. 5. Sampling-- It is common praettr * :c sample askarel troin a transfer--vr for certcdic maintenar.ee testing. As previously de scribed, such samples should oe 12 ken .7 a manner ro avoid any coctam ir.aucn or rite environment **askings should be -ollecied tor proper bispctaL i ield and la n o rarory test samplv washings, etc., inouid also be collected . ,-r proper disposal 6. Transformer Disposal-- The -in m ate dis posal of an askarel-filled transformer may be 3ccem -liihud ir. either 1 *wo ways a, -Tcr.piitc drainage and c i im c r v .' 4, Filling, ri!".-. v. Dry:ng Askare5-- Mor ssksrsl ents are ihlppe: 'vim. v.e prrpj: amour: of Si'Stel but if i: becomes neceisary to top j :: a s.-..:. me .-nar,-:ccri:e:'j irscucticrj should be icllowed. If It is necessary m cry or tulle: > eat intreat an askarel unit, the* manufacturer's instructions should be followed. V.'ben fil tering or conciaomng askarel, all of the Services. ' b. D ispcsiie- iska:-l ^ c r . s t . b y Clears j: .ur.k or :c :a ? le a le :-1 - f l i be avoided unless a can sfo rr.e; .s `Irs: drained, followed by soaking the interior with a suitable solvent. Accumulated liquids and washings are zo be disposed of as described car lie :. Section 3 Page T NPC00007405 770044 GU ID ELIN ES DOB HANDLING a n d d i s p o s a l 0(A ? A C I~ 0 ? .- AND TRANSFORM ER-GRADE .S KARELS ? v .-* o h lo s e n a t e r b*.?u e : . * ls n - DISPOSAL SERVICES A NPC00007406 770045 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL iS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION 3Y ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA SECTI ON -1 DISPOSAL SERVICES in addition to the supervised dry landfill sites which may be used for the disposal of askarelcor.ialnirg scrap, the following additional Known facilities and services have bee:: established, and others may Da available. of particulates. Betore exhausting ro atr ,lld*F). gases are passec intough a packed rolurru. scrubber to remove HCL Nuclear Engineering Company Chem-Trol Pclutlon Services. Inc., 4S i3 Lake Avenue BlasdelL New York 14219 Phone 716-S2S-OS50 Eastern Division P. 0 . box 145 Morehead, Kentucky 40351 Phone> c0c-7e4-6oll This orgaxaation has racilihcs anc services capable of har.clir.i- .. Lieut l*-- ilirj vr;*h ic'.v.-.-.u .r 'Ll. jiio t-.t! : . . . . - e r - pe:0'::.- :r.c 'i : - '. . _. Solids --.-.ski.-."'.-j:3^fC -err- pou.-.ds, raa* .s icscrctr*: .-.artr.'. etc. :r roiercic I;::;-.TM Disposal Division Sheffield, Illinois Phene 3 lc -4 5 4 -l;2 i This ora l a id nor. p?ovij .-erratr.-":..- j'.t . 'riiiiperta^os urr-d disposal cs ... all hu . j ar.J jciias 1tr.c1uci.15 narcwL---.. Itspcsai ,s .r ! icitrollca c.hfr'tcal and .wiasai: laitcflii areJ. | Ai'C license; Kr racicsonv-: v i e disposal. 1.as j rwc West Coast locations in statei if *.vj s l . ...-cr and Cali forma :r. 4'-dihor. to aneve. 3. Solies Harcvarei--Capasito -s. Tansiorm-.-ranM, seres. askarel-iuaKed metals. Dis posal by ider.aiii- lai'ufill,' Has solvent extrachon capability. -itollirs-Furle. ire.*1 box 33i'O Wilmington. Delaware Phone 02-47 S-.il 50 Monsanto Company 300 Nc. Lindbergh Boulevard St. Louis. Missouri 53166 Phone ;!4-dd4- :!.:!.L This orgiRizaccr. has facilities or. f services capable s i handling asa:?I h e .-is L.'ue with sci-er'.s z ....-h-te.r.;?:i:::; - Ternpe-at:::-:; arc m^.rtair.ec a: with aexiliar/ natural ass. cases ire queitched to oy contact * i ware;. Gas is ihei: nasseu through a hisa-srierg; -venturi scrubber lot re.T.o*al This organization has fariLi lies and services capable of handling. 1. Liauics--Aifcarel alone or rruxec v.:-h solvents or Disposal is :y higb- lercper au.se if.uinerat : : h J ".'r7%a:t --A : - o r . ' - - : c j l -s rug:. .a ::: a. .. = .'.'.txsai -y . a" ru ic::. temperarures up :: '?. cLiieratiCit gases ar; i-'r-bnc; i:.i trained soiics rente.4 x . : r . . ihausuag to ai;. ^ace 1 JJP C 00001401 770046 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDAROS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA Disposal facilities are available at the following locations: Logar.- Rullins-mills, Luc, Roille 222 Logan Township Bridgeport, New Jersey 05014 Baton Rouge RoUius-ihirle, Inc. Scenic Highway A W. Cheatham Lane Scotiandville East Bator: touya 3aiisn I*miiiana TOSOl H 0!lSK`f!: Roll:i'js- Purls. . Tidal Road Highway l `i4 "e e : Fa:*. 7-i.vai "'.'.O') Section 4 age 2 NPC00007408 770047 g *j : d e l i n s ? o a h a s d l i n g a n d d u - p o s a i o f C A P A C I T O 5-* AND T P. A n S l'C I ?.A T AS K AR *. 3 A. .v*,NU v ' " - U IC TA PP EN D U A NA L TI CAL- P ROCE DURES AND LA SO RATO R S E RVI CE DRDAN I L A n C S NPC00007409 770048 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGAN12A~ DNS. FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA SECTI ON : APPENDIX ANALYTI CAL PROCEDURES AND LABORATORY SERVI CE ORGANI ZATI ONS Analytical procedures for ddtc.rrur.ing PCB'j in air, water, anil sedimens are given in Paris i ana il of Secaun -:* The following laboratories are :epresuntative et those oft'ering services for PCS Analyses. T.arus Chemical C "p. :S 7 i Eiviiil: Street" u ia lle . Illinois '.-1301 rhone ri5-U23-l*:00 Lirrc inc, ; iurr:ciic. "u:_s ...vp, > - c.t Fond d>; A" i f - : V Vi w ..- /Lent Celle? Ariaiyiral Je r v is C 'r*-. t~, lar.iitrL; Road Berks.y Heights, Mew Jerccy 3T*`_ ?ho:.; Z1--id-l-233l A TENTATIVE PROCEUt'RE FOR TliC DETERMINATION OF .AIRBORNE-POLYCHIOMNATED BIPHENYLS A . Scooe .This procedure is r: ;e :h r.iq u e * use i by the M o-jsai.to in d u s tria l "u m p a n y ta r the U o U d o u site :* ycL yckio rtn a ra d hi-r.ir.vb :PCVi) in water.-?:i,`5 s z -z b io iru ic a L m atsr.als. A b so lu te u o n iir m a t ic ' j i ? IE structures is n o : ! B. Principle j Airborne ?CB's era ib sorbe, :r. m;ue-..e by draw.r.k t` i n r tre-ugr. z~z -or more rr.tieir b*ibive:.t . ; c/linnur. ..lie "-eue, .-.:*or tin p lir ; u ;iiti2 .e ir.` * . . c... - ;-;.bu ;n; J -T* u;:t ts cilatud j ; . t-.-ua-.*: :r.- :r~zrir.r.: . ..'.itpciicr.rs, :: yr.-sent. arc, ra m cisc r-;. c o ta iite c w ith this rseit'ce .ic h s rs :esaed. ic u _ U o n a l s tric tu re p ro o f sn ou lc be o c h ili; ; a using t e r n n iq u such as mass spec n o m e a y l*j fu rth e r , treatment ar.v column acso rto n .h re --aargraany. The amount ana typo of ?r",i*`s press;:: ,s -ite r jnnisu by sie>*tri-t. tapeurs :a s :hro;i.atogriphy .a e ra iy GC fractious. ^ c o o o o -7410 770049 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROFDSHD STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEVA, OR IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTED ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA C. Reagena Hexane....................................................................... Nancgrade, V.allinckrod: Chemical '. 'j t s j . Catalog No, 41c'd. Toluene.................................................................... Nanograde, Mallincxroe: Chemical '.\jr.3. Catalog No, - 8092. Sodium sulfata..................................................... .. Anhydrous, granular: A." grade. Mallinckroat Chemical Worxs, Caraloi No. 1:142, Heat at 4QG*C :or 1 hour prior *o use. Alumina adsorption.................................................. * (For chromatographic analysis! ?C* 20*: mesh, Fisher Scientific company, Caul.--: No. A-VIO. Heat at 40fi"c ior a minimum p er ad c : bouts and deactivate with v". . w/w> isrilied water. Distilled water ....................................................... Aluirira -rclumn ycparatcr.: ;:ill a :r j-|r 'a :.- ;taphic coiimn i.itii , a s u.v x th-i where s. :e s = r/::: '~t x,,r..r. a n : i.iSF wee. r'.-: *: ;;; r.its ; . in a r r , . re^rv :r.s.ir:- ieri*, area a iu m ra A~ Oc'. an. owly irto i c . rlrr.m la p or Jlumn z; settle the alu:m i nr a r:m * v i i 2-3 cm o; i-iryorous lodiarr. ral: e column with 53-1 0 mi j : he:-:ar.. aduito r .it me sarrole. Extracted v:th hexane zb remove hexan ilufe1.-: election capturing impuri risa. Sulfuric a c i d . . , . . . . . , . . . , . , . , ........................... Analytical Reagent Grade, SO = 1. S*. Potassium hydroxide............................................... Analytical Reagent Grade. Etharvol........................................................................ Formula 25. 2 .Sfa <w,*v) alrnhoi.-: pcTasricr: hydroxide . . . . Dissolve a . 12.-; crams tc J mi : : atr.er.rl. ::j \- , - : v v) j-.ruri: i . PCS Standards Section 5 Page 2 * Arocliv : :;6 , 1121. 1_42. 1243, 12-"4 a n M-jn. .See i * i >pa^'es 1~ to 22). KPC00007411 770050 OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL THIS OFFICIAL STANDARDS PROPOSAL IS AN OFFICIAL DRAFT OF A PROPOSED STANDARD DEVELOPED WITHIN NEMA. OR (N COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERESTES ORGANIZATIONS, FOR CONSIDERATION BY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE OF NEMA p. Apparatus 1, Gas scrubbing bottles, high form, grouod glass joint, fritted coarse discs. 2. Separatory funnels equipped with ground glass steppers ar.U Teflon stopcocks: 125. 50. 500. 1000 and 2000 ml capacities. 7. Hot plates. Coming PC-100; Fisher Scientific Company. S. Water bath, Thelco, Precision Scientific, Model No, 34, Fisher Scientific Company. 9. io u 1 Hamilton syrings. Caraloe No. 7Q1N. 3. Kundersa-Danish evaporaivs concentratore, 500 ml capacity equipped with 3 -ball Snyder columns nu g'acuateu : ml casacity vials: Acs Glassware Company, Catalog No. 37G7. i j 10. Dry test meter or wet test gas meter. 11. Laboratory vacuum pump, 12. Rotating vacuum evaporator. 4, Chromatographic columns, glass. 10" x j 13. Usual laboratory glassware. 0 mm fOD with a i" x U n.:n fO?) ! reservoir at me top. culpped with Teflon ' { Ft'* 1 * 7 x : be ssirnw - v - x -- i iravr, through a gas st rubber s, arc i -is: .-'.it-xrm.T.ec bolline flasio. 125 mi ca me :e : us; a ;l ~otalc:y s :v . n ; l mp. p a ..ty.- Ace -Glasswa' -: Ccmcar.v, Cumicg pilne flow rati ii cuntrsilec bieeoi.-.g in air *: i Ne. voNl, Coca - 0-B. ! : needle wal.s '^atcc bet err. t.-. pump a r* --c meter. A: the end o: the arrpU -; :r.i *. aebie cco'-crse:, 220 r:m ir* langtr.; metered gas volumes are o ::ie c :e = .0: :errpen Ace G la r r-e - e Compa.-.v. C ata lo g No. anc prsisu's to cubic :ne:e:s 15*;; i:;_ 3315, Code - 12. iig. Air Bleed i ----------------- Flc . 5 -1 SAMPLING TAIN e c ic r.5 Page HPC00007412 770051 \ 770066 AUOCLOK 1 2 2 1 AROCLOR 1 2 4 2 AROCLOR 1 2 4 8 AROCLOR 1 2 b 4 AROC'l.OK ] 2iiCl ............ ......... rt ------ r 32 3 > t 38 ARO CI-OR 1221 HSP 4 0 2 N i - 6 3 EC 1 / 4 " X 6 ' 4% X E - 6 0 or. 3 0 / 1 0 0 C h r o m c s o r b K HP Co] . TCi.:p. - 1 7 0 C I n i Teir.p. - 220C D e t . Teir.p. - 250 5C r'i-. vi- 1 e r Ga 3 - Ha 60 m i / 'm i n . P u r g s Ga s - 1 0 * C H . / A r g o n 12C P u lsa I n t e r v a l - 50 ^ sc c Airit. I n j e c t e d - 3 j ! _ g S t d . Cerne. - 1 . 4 3 :< 1 0 r / n l Range - 10 Attn. - 4 I r:. UPC00007428 770067 AFOCLOR 1 2 4 2 HfirP 4 02 Mi. - 6 3 ZC 1/4" X 6' A l XZ-SO on BO/lOO Chro mos o r b V H? C o l . T n n j - ID0 C I n j . Temo. - 220 C Det . TQI7!C - 2 5 0 '' C C a r r i e r Gas - :ie 50 rnl/min. P u r g e Ga s -- 1 0 % C4 / A r c o n 1 2 0 m i / m i n P u l s e I n t e r V ii - 50 J S 2 C Ant. I n j e c t * 5 - 1 C e e . - 1 . 0 3 / .'lO - 6 g/ir.l R a n ge _ i * Attn. - 3 \ 50 40 10 sect, Pac --3 NPC00007429 770068 AROCLOR 1249 H i? 4 0 2 i-6 3 SC 1 /4 " x 6 ' 4% X E - 6 0 o n B O /IO C C o l. Tem p. - C h ro m o so rb 1 3 0 C H HP I n j . Tem p. - 229 C D e t. T em p . - 2 5 0 cC C a r r i e r Gas - H e 50 ml/m Purge G a s -- C r.ii/A rg c : P u lse I n t e r v a l - 50 _see A m t . In je o te d - 5 yl S td . Cone. - 1 .3 1 :< 1 0 " R ange - 10 A t t n . -- -A 120 g/nl rnl/min. io fi i ii i il !jV 1r* Ml 1 i. ji I*! 1"1 ! j: ! i h *' \ - -> * 2 MINUTES 11 -10 l- - 11 :2 20 ie Ai VA '! -- ' :-S ' ; i i - t;i, r !!. V wU .y .-- i -- 2 1 _>ji; o Page : : UPC00007430 770069 AROCLOR 1254 K&? 402 N i - 5 3 EC 1 / 4 " x 6 ' 4% X E -60 on 8 0 / 1 0 0 Chrcir.osorb W HP C o l. Temp. - 2C5C I n j . Temp. - 220C Det.. Temp. - 2 5 0 C C a r r i e r Gas - He 60 m i/m in . P u rg e Gas - 10*5 CKw'Argor. 120 m l/ m in . P u l s e I n t e r v a l - SO u se e Amt. I n j e c t e d - 3 - 1 S td . Cone. - 1 .0 2 x 10"6 g /n l Range - 10 Attn. - 3 . NPC00007431 770070 AROCLOR I 260 H&P 4 0 2 H i - 6 3 EC 1 / 4 " x 6 ' 4% X E - 6 0 on 9 0 / 1 0 0 Chromoscrb W HP C o l. Temp. - 220C I n j . Temp. - 2 2 0 C Dei.. Temp. - 2S0C C a r r i e r Ga s - He 6 0 " I / m i n . P u rg e Gas - 10% CHr/.'.rgcn 12G m i/ m in . P u lse I n t e r v a l - 50 -s e c Amt. I n je c t e d - 3 ul S td . Cor.c. - 0 .9 8 x 10 "6 g/ral Range - 10 Attn. - 8 ( 1J i : 12 11 ID 3 MINUTES i"" ' 3 ' 7 " i " ------ f ----------- j-----t -- 1 55 43 P i; -- I-- J 2- 0 2*! NFC00007432 770071 NATIONAL MEM BE?. COMPANIES OF THE ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Allii" Chalmers Manufacciring Co. ? Milwaukee, Wis. 53201 Central Moloney Transformer Division * Colt Industries Pine Bluff. Ark, "ItSOl Chance, A. B.. Co. ? Transferee: Division Washington, Mo. 3090 Dovas: Eleorric Ine, + (Division of Sola 9a:;; Incurtries) Mount Vernon, ILL 2e<W Esco Mar.uracwring Co. + Greenville, Tax. "5-iOl Federal Pacific Electric Co. Mew 5cc:or<_. Mass. TJT44 * Newar.-i, N. j. .'T ill T General I 'ec;r.o C:, Iro;.;~ X. ;". :c.` j- El`.in on oi '.-r. : i r ' . " i<h v ? i w * r . ` Wc: bt, \iass. -1 :SI Imperial r - p . * I'niidccchii, Pa* a uJ Kublman Electric Co., A Division ;! * Kuhlman Coco, HUmirgharr., Mira. -iSOIC Magnet ;s In:. * Sard/ laka, ' 2. i f U 1 V'ZG:v*` Z ---~ 'e -e : E to. Mi":- i *e *v* ^ ^ .`L ` *: . * Member : : C ap ad ": -e.ticn. T Me~.be; 0: Transforms* Feeten. Niagara Transformer Corp. * 3unalc, N. V. 1422o Northern Engineering Drvision * Sta-rite Industries Ins, Bata'oco, Wis. 5.TJ13 Sang 1 me Electric Co. * Springfield. Til. -TiTOc Sierra Transformer Co. , + Cexrilos, Cali-'. '-'Tfli Sorgel Electric Cc-rp. t Subsiiiaiv of Square. D Go. Milwaukee, uir. : Spokane Trarsfcimer Cc. f Spokane, wash. 99202 S p :;::s Elect--.. ,:*c. Norm Aian.i. f:n r . - :.It " N o r*:, DMc -- .-f: -nr* E'c. . 3t. Lcu^s, v.es~ ngn-ise l . t *t : Shar:f, 'a. il*i' Pri. -ed in *J. S. A ------ ... ------- ^000007433 770072 Polychlorinated Biphenyls Another Long-Life Widespread Chemical in the Environment * . - David B. Peakall and Jeffrey L. Lincer The recent finding that pcticic bird' dying on the cojsis of Great Bntian had polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBsi m their livers in con citlrjlion* c<* several hun dred parts per million iflournc and Vead, 19*9) shows that these compounds are present in the ecosystem in .urge amounts. Thus, it seems worthwhile to summarize trtd evaluate our current knowledge of these compounds. Structural and Physical Properties The picture is cnmplic, led by t^c r.iet lh.ii we are not d ea rie wMh j m r- '.mi The haste tryeiure a*' PC3 Figure I. Ans i f p,:ti n''- rv.trscJ *s in ,r c .n / " t . '. - t J J is cp` '* fn . 'A d:n..rk | l > - , u s . *"* t '-*** V' ros*"' * '-"*1 n.'/ * > a-.- . * r e His cr :c: .. ; c=a *- : j ' '<- .ire those c - i n i : " - - ; s -z *i--: to :;i : c.- or r-j r : rn ref n'oi..:.; *: -.~d ihe 5i--~i~c" *f cni-ar re u--:r:s per ?:nz differ..*.:: . it . *-' n..- m e. Tnc cummer. .KiV a .-r is ^ c V o d o * *! in* C\>inr.`i " ; ~*'i:N`m jr*.; j r j *le- iCMteJ "v number { Mi'-.vsn-.c 7c:h rn cii iiudcfns; The first two digits rcpre.cm the nolc.ui-ir type: 12 - eh>orn,ited bi* pnenyis. 25 and 44 - blends chlorinated h'phenyh and chlonn.;ic:i icrphe'yls oidIicm. 1 and G0~ binhensl, rc- sneetivefs j; >4 color.r.n ed tcrpr.er. \ Ih c Ijsl two di2'ts give the wc.g-ii pc* cent o: chinnnc Thu- vrreir,.' T-2 .* : C" iom.ii>:d :-'R OTM c.*!v- rme T ' e i r : s.. . v . v " . j <i - ..r:z lV:~l 't.--* ii*ii ' l " : c i*or 2 the number o f compounds preservi is. fo r. .unatcly. much smaller than is theoretical ly possible I'C B i nr: chemically inert, are not hy- droiy/.cd hy water, and m ist alkalies, .cids, and corrosive chemicals. They have 'w volatility, their boiling points ranging from 2 C for A r>iclor 122 ! to 4 15 C for Aroclor 268 (Penning, tb.tni All are stable to promneed heat me j i >50 C. .id the lower A rocnrs can be itiMillcd at itmo>phcnc pressure witho*jt appreciable uecom position. PCiit arc desenhed as .it- sijiuhlc in '.vjtcr and vers soiunic >n hsdro- cj-vnn -sviventi, i l ; bo.ch no esaci figures prvar to be dv.i;n*'ie 'v'othme is jio iii ine b '-jio E cjl decoripos,:Hi.i :?' P C Js. iy i it :> :is.iiy in.i: ;r*:.*v .ire n r : :r,n :t,. me: ivi? sr' ; . ,:cv s `be r: ' : --r-j ~ w.. ... omat'.* is . :e site ." .c! * of TTiost zi :be ir io -fc -- ittyns :)D T Thus. PC3> i.iv : *: -.cccssa:.. nysical a n j chcr-.;c e ra *::t.c -s ;: ir- pcrjistc'.cc 3it.j c c c jn u!a:,:-r. - r :.bo fa c i .nrm. . Use ol PCS Poiyehlori'-atcd fciphenyl *crc firsl d;verbed in the l*ter.v.urc -*i :?8 I iSchnudl and Shultr. 'SK[), and the ucccisful commereiai prcoucfirr as achieved by Ihe xe tils * Swann C nm parj in Idin in th-i \ pnvsr character.st.cs and er.-;-r.- passi- it i of i.".e*c mai cria t %, t senbed by Pepane {P in t i'r'li. (.e . . manufaclurcii o., Morsan:..- ne . States -Triitlc i.im e Arr.clor. Pr.ir::',.. . ( ance tPhcnocrilnr!. ind Bivi-- .- (... m.iny ' C o irn e -.: Oihc* n jv jv r . j - ,irc localed r J . h' j i ind ihc So-'e: - No figure of tf*; ur..;v,nt vi r. ; ili tiroticci .'ir 'i'ir y .'re 3vv t ; - ; ::\zz irom tre hic-, hs.cd. i f e y may b.* i.i'CC. f bc Usv - ; r: tnhlc sre <n v 'iiRge^icd ip-..*... - i 'cn frorr ~ : r l'flu.l i T * o: ' ionsanta C r i c c a i Conipmy. a - ; - *.'L:e is no m.V 'ir. :tior na th a * . *... f.CTt;.!' tot .'.:C . . Ite a- ' : ~ . i.t:M * " as.-."'-: r ; - .,! fi. ` fn'r,_.., : -; n.nc *'T. *r. >' *"*.. j'.ii -li* :rc *.i c . -rr e i *- : .r-:".' '.f \t -i-s. Thi* *::* c-njide* : *i < VJ*'- il ir. Su.tr-an jr : ilorr r75?'. H-JM-. ami 5*jdi*ai 95.1), .i ; J T '.*o t: : fojnd .*' 1 tbi. cilo r'iiatec ' e - j ' -- * ciivr 54O :ncrc-isi...i !!is rcsfd'i.l pc tcnce o f'in d .ici r*ao e: a!. fl95*icer , crcd tlut there *a s some mdicatirn i-. chlorinated p* ypht- .*1 may bave .i gislic sffcci -itfi iadane. DuCi '*" in > i.* torr-c-itaT *. v : ;on;.nn ~ : seven c.-.` 'r'f.c nun's, .irj -*i- evniain*'!; lie :iev ;* il ii9 7 !) l. stud ying V'- ' i. iviin;* i<t :*T.*oiarids ine c-ir n;.-/ three c.-.iunne atfijis, finir cnnrnr.- :n jf c. 1'nr.vs. fou" contamini', '*vs u i-.srifi-s. ji^e coma'--ire 'j chlonr.es. ititi.* eontjiniRg seven c -iorincs. Thus, 1 - . . ` - i r - s i- t s " tt : L r " i ' L O o m s - j C;TM1 ........... h-i. nr t ,tt- *, . / A* c vy_____-. OTK *Jis-.N * v. a- |: -a :,\ ^ C1 (ii '* v:.- *y . ".f. F ij. I. hss : irv-rtorf t | P C P ' S' in s .**.hi r*i-; . I p ( H i |` . -5 NPC00007434 ------------ -- A l. 770073 :t ........ i v . ' v l i * ' ; ' * Mitli ,i Aro- , ! i>.OiU t : i) .ifiii i*icn le::rl ; I........i.i' (in `he ar.i.;_. m 'nfe- . .;h tu*! :cuf hcollc (f'.i.*/i,r:n ,/jVj y m~:k,i'U m!i:cnnf He found (lu t eaves nt i ia lin i a h l'iulnnc p!u\ Aw eior were iccicri longer and th.il the inse.iicni.'.l fiJtVl m m o r e rapid Ilian w ifi ;:j:-j;ine jUnc Ptfjiis corre* ponding lo Aro d ar ij(Jl iijvc noi pevn detected in tiic envi ronment llnwevcr. under corddm n of titiperniurc and fiow-rule enmmoniy used .if lh< iftCji * ile c m> 1fiiltd !l*C .f. lilt lifer, for g.ts chromatographic analysis 'icsc ompsvnd would not be detected (flcyn* uIJv 'scuri ?? years api il was noted th.it \nxinr I--*- Wi,s one of 175 cL' mr'Junds ni ! ,if W*'0 tastai th.ll was effe-elise , . 1 -; .n...i,nri.> i.'irfv p tj arv..e i|)eon- it; el a t . *- `l Lichtenstein ci al i !9A9] leafed !lc cl feel of adding a 1 mely nf rj-n n y i' >nd laphco*. Is In DDT no di- v*. fm :ir*ic j led ,fi itii. nr A I,'.. * et; etufin u 'tn resncci in Iheir tn v -n Slum ir.*] i'tu i 1 *Cs il -*j :"?uro h .t i*CJs h_d very iev.j'.tji to *,,_ c r rs . 1 .y.on ...'f c Val I'CH v e r .:..-.-n i 'a citv if d ick 'ir. . -d DDT. ji\ *; i.i.ic: T re c'fccti'C ness .:rn .c .'c .i'C j as !hc chicri." . ; : J * ' ;*' ve, " 2 1 *- M: of f ' j i . t .1 -- - 1 '" -. -i c 'e s A*c*; *.* -2 " * ' 1lTI--. v.-djiie:! M:ih 2i IPV' ly 1ii rrJr * <1 Am pcfMi CIMI'-- . jn is*, synet l 9>! i Jf I* -'jVr. 'v n 5:n;e irii*>i c-m. pr. c . i i . r o : "*.*:c-.i*.- _ ; sen -cy ida" 'c -. i`mo- j ! 'i' .v r:i :;->e pa.: a .*)" ;: : a ? . ar.a ` js c p e u a d e i arc e jp jK c o; Vtficvi-ia m im >aii to Form j r e s ; n - (Bartha. il is in ifW rij'l th jl >e rres;->cc 'd PCH in ficid sa nip-c- be fwcr. scyorui rlouhl. [dcniifie .n-n b> fflcjns of u comb.nation oi h;gh r.so'u iion i > citomaioprapriy and a " - ; ;c ." :T n i- ras seen ..i.-ned ou. by 'b 'r c n e e - C'-;.*: anor.! '-ics w-.j. na`. '0 - , ii rilanci iK e e r u *'J-i .n d * - : >_ n l e i S ia te ' l- 'C l'_ . *'*> W .o r ,.-k `( .-c-syr: t . I'*i bs --;* - ` ' : . *cre : s f . r e I co-.-.f*;:*, jv : -i - t ' 7 :r ~ .al n-s, ine Haclcy at a. IJ'iM -;*"yrsii ned th.it mesi d iam i.n ir ibe r~."iC -ait' pie. evi;*."..: s e ;c ;cmp**ncni\ d A'Va.or I 2 S ' Tha. dcspiic a rccerl Tura by th M onsjnto C h i-i ,,al t^tipans ito Riscnrjupb, l I T n :-iai th : **** for lahcnnp the pcJkS .n -^'jcsj r>n jc tXHs a i noi proven. ihcre cno,j^n *vi.-.s io convince ari unhaiscJ s a c r i:* r' ,ur>. Vi S e p a r a i > I he i"H'!n'C d cd1,,,(i,.:i's -f cr.ir..!>ni; D !)1 in ! l'f il fur f a - : - . - p fc lr n im a r y to i ,.m i H i ! . i I i i '<' o f re s.d u c .n e'i s.iinotcs coi'i.i't'tt':: hnth l'C iis uni l!,Ii- >.Tft:.eii.>i ir(**i c*'i <!-'tTti N -Oi I .*r n rated hviirm, rrrun piuc:;:c* f-i-l miii k i l l l 'ani iLiivru.ii , ' |..r ' ' !>; I*. two cn-ups thus; rcacssii m ie 'h e : - I (isypijrfie. ' f )li. m i 'n : ite * 'e* `truuioo tir ailer.iKon of one -- mure uf peci iv? olcfins lArch?' ir't Cfos.ny. ihc cnrrpcund* and thyse w iith co not. l'jr.i. k cm and W. Kise^r.-. included m the IifW crr";p s' o 'tra 'irn . e! ai, (1969) rcp o ricJ (hai P i il pc.; v ; Treatment w ilt a 1:1 t:ii\!urc *' f vdf'ir-c >ii)i removed or disrlacL'l !ul ave n i acid nitric acid al !) C inr ^ mi.i destroys nr aicrs aldrir. ".p'-D D I*.. p.p'-D D I) The -ecnri!. ano *n sire 'nstarrcc-. T D D , p .p '-D D F . and dic'drm suc'i ihai nnre ile-ora me. r r--',.iri nf mi.*;.* c.'.I ech- :nev can no longer he ucicctsii al liic r'Kjitcs .losvs the . r e a il * epurati:.*1 oi yr'pinal po.su>on on the chrom iiiop'am . m .iry c i lo m a tei: !r.". r*'*'" rv sic-d t* T h u procedure leaves unaffccicit PC II. frrvn PC'iis. Rcyniu*1' ' ,f,tl ' 9 ' 1*; re- "indare. and HHC iJcnscn and W idm ark, ptiricd *(! in activ-tvd H o 's i i cam m a l9Ct7l, A n m r: ricorous miratinn with j ;a.nnn|:;c wnicit scr-.M tcd f*cp..i.:r**'r 1 ; m isture nf Militine acul-fuinmp m ine .Idrin. D U I:, and pf il * n n th fi-s: e;- acid for l min il moni temperature re- non f^O mi n -h e s a r c ! fm m lin d are. fi=p- Tuivcs, *n addition in DD T and its related lacMnr ciu u id c. D D P . J*'d O D I - i t t '.he P '-d ucis. aldrm. hepiachlnr, K cllli.inc. c a 'ful eraimn (JH mi ` n":. etnyl ctficr ir P.ridane, redimi. Tclodnn, and Trilluon lics n e i. Nrmpnr ami liurkc : f^Tni d c'.c1* vh-ic ridane, hsriachh if ero side, tos.i- opc.f 1 incihcd -ju i /m e j .i(C`C -C!d: V i t . and Str-'M ne are no* remo ed ( 2; -.le c .`>am_ : : j ' ~e .. -Jn -- j s - j PC B il..v o c i jf .. I*JA7 R isebrO jih et * if " th i r -1 fra.:..--' - 2 -'* mi p c ir o 'i.m .T'*r*.cd tra i tn s u tra c o n .i.so rc*nc;d et ber l. :~d n d .:'' -*. TM-:p ; .c.*>>./. n crta - ne eiroTjiiU'cr.iph-c p e a s s o f P C Bs. Rey- c'ilnr -.--i*s;de. dic'dnn. cndrin. r-f1'* :!s t repiir: : J 'S a i v s a tlc T p ts lo D D :I. -D D T . ? " -D O T . j r d o .p ' * il ,m ic sam ples >>erc >10* fully accesifu i DDD s u i- i - e i r .u f s n :2 ri0 rr- r h.:' in e * : n r ;u r ;r i io ~ s !'**s *f i*1; -.-.cjt.ir-i; .-.e h rs.-'ic -v . "'*.r e e r lo r d a "i? more .; :v PCn -vr.le r:.:s.- h '( s^erP r ti `'"'i :i, i* .e. v ;:ce t j ' - . i ! -: ..- Vr- '>**.r ^*J :; . V ' iar J. : r-2 ;2 ^ c i' (. som L.ct :::s j : ' : Alt" :- c . j--n i"c." -;'dr r. *n-: * i t : ? ; ri'a tc c le 'h.; M '.ir c d D ljf.i'C .il i-.J ti-; Mi ' .;*e*nvi ~ ~ " c s c r .; her- 1 arartvJ ."* 1 tic' *:/.; lien < j , .7:; .*5 e . a .re :.. .'2ca ; e i - ~ r fa. if- *H wsal I Iim ; Si I>-| >1 I ilif*:ifh '?H pr*s 4 % tn )(< !*> 1*1*****it<'t\u. . i :u 1 il** k MWfn ChWM>K*W *IMtv m 'MI Ihi *1U * IV :tr i. rrn NPC00007435 770074 ami ?iCTnc''tilr.i h e r (*)S vfllvcnl ( y s ic x . The plates w ere' deve.iipc-I. ' jn r jy c d wu'-v ; Ni.'vcr m tru c suiuimn. -:nd csposed In L`\ '.'H I he vales were ificr. ii 'irfed into live bnri/mi.,:l see!ions Di* t ' in n , en iin n , > - *JH t'. te r la c b ic r c,--isidc. p p ' - o n n . p.n'-D D T, 0 p ` > l ` i)7 , ;ipl' r .;' *-ni)i-. ;m that ortier; -.-re bund in :nc fir! four frictions, w-nic ru<si a i iHe inerftfr'nc compounus found in wildlife '.u n ties were 'omid m ihc fiftii / nne. B a ^ cy et al f l l ' f i j used this m eth od but mentioned th.it rones throe ,-nd four contained praclicaily ail unknown co m p o n en t as u-cll as p.p' -D D T one three) and p .p '-D D E iron c four). Armour nnd Burke ' a96'iI used precoated (alu minum m u lct sheets .mil n-hcptanc and 2 0 acetonc.'n-hcpijr.c for soivent sys tems. P C 1)* { Nroclors 1254 and 12*0) and D O E were not separated, hut p .p '-D D T and p.p' -D D D were completely =cp- nraled from PCU by hr h solvent systems. Another possible means .if sc p a rjtm ; n- lerfcring Mjbsiunccs >* to use a .sertes of differing p-alu-My c c u m fli in the ens chro matograph at the lime of GCtcrminj! n. This *i :c r-. tim e i r m i m n ; and .t .i j be useful *r.c- operating conditio ns can s- seerted svar. that P C S peaces arc a f s ;- ! >n ;ne :c aior where .soup"l pesii.Li- er- 'T| ;r.s jn j T u tte' 1, 1 * .\ r : :i >CT. ,, . J ' \2 *i; ; -reutU 'sc r ; ' 1 . .*' <n -`JP - - ni fer. - r n t i o c v :' D*, " V ir-i -*c 'n ; 0 ? hu Teaks :n u nn e ' ^ *-. f DPh , i j r : ":s a s-andJrd ' sc- \*^ii ; !' *' "! -3 - i rc::r .c <c l. - r. ; j r V 35' X. (\Z ' * i c.e n PC ' -.or ;y ,, < n - .j *he sume r:u < h t.J hi w*. ^ *.lie eicjtron jup:urc defector as the same n y ^ n i by * e ahi of p.p` -D D E \ftcr sur-.-i.-^g ;he heights of the mdiv.iu.il pc..s5. the : c .j ' * j s multiplied hy a fa tter ic'-.sd from otcasure.Tcr.ts of su -.o ird sc .jt;o r s *;h e.ectron capture and m cro- c c ulorre*.r:c detectors, Jensen et-al r e w in d PCB J it c c m s as the sum r f :!] c::T!,-.ir:T`s 'nd kjscd the s t :: on a of ma-- 'oc-a- T -.r - j r - 1 t c ^ c c .o t'iic tr : .id: c cc r-"- . ~ ` i t - -c w'.h tr - > -esc *"% *ur' I* imt #^r 3r*ij ** ^ ; ' " > 4 -"-R a .' a.: ' " of 2. N tG i's-'n : j j . % in *t i.jvi^cd i rrtthnd ;c r oh... i ,' c I er-jee e s i:m :; of PCD rcsufjcs a^ \ra - c;i`.r 1254 i-um cnrrsm jtograjts where ^c.m arufion h j.i not been '.tempted. On jn empiric til r:js-s, 't u a j found that A rcelor 2 5 4 cnti.d be quantitated by eon s.jen n g pc.--; 10 as p .p '-D D T a.*.d m u.'jalyin;; that .;!ue by iO. Since this peak had o r ^ n - i . barn cu.im itated as p,p'*D DT. and -- fact manv of the nnrinal Mi-iples f i r . chiude r 'T.*f.: ly r :s .' ** i m - - > lamed iiltlc nr no * p , | )|)f. a was ;-***- o ( the '''parent v-jli:'.'1 -le'- nc .: f s ;S c In estimate rcialivc l**'H vaii.-js. values ft'r p.p*-D D I " ' ll lie :l'*r j Anders'in and his cn-wiirVer*.. i -o s.iomii- n 't sip n fic.m lv difieren (invi*-.',', ficd samples in return c 'n;i:i/r*T.|! rv r*- n u m tjife of error rr.'y .icpc*'i.iv : D P I' and p .p' -T P I anil then pianlilaicil cm the unphic level sampled and ccr'.a niv PC!Ms :ts \ ro c:or 1254 by rcl. ' ne s.m iric vuin the ir c j from which i sarrpic *s :n,. peak'. 0 and 10 t lit; carrcs.-nn.'ling peak lc:!c:l I R 'scnroiigh c- j > . .`e n 'c i : of .n A rcelor 125a standa-r! Reynolds .t . 1969). 5n ce the p'.bshi.Tj of aec. f i |970t employed -i method sim ilar :o quale scpsirancn : ceil nuj ires, -ere % r.' k oc-n :ri el ai. (I9 iv ii) bui hu'-rd his quan reason wtiV '.here shrutd he any error titation on .in avert pc of two or more p esticid e q c a n t e a tio n co n trib u te d S peaks, in addition, his resuas were re PCDs. ported as \roc lor 2 5 4 or I2f.O depending on the overall pattern of the chrom a- Toticolrgy to c r ip 'vc peak profile, ft is clear th jt we arc st:li relatively unsophisticated in our Despite some recent studies, the tov-- P C B quantitation methodology and will coiocy o f P C Bs rem ains 'ather p*.sori cimi n i ; a estimate only relative am ount* known as com pared to teat of the chlo of PCMs m field samples until we synthe rinated hydrocarbon pesticides For et- size -he individual PCD components co m ample, no definite work has ncen dene i? monly found in the ecsystem and arc establish LDfO values for the *;r.ouv i-'ic to speak tr terms of these individual tjks js we do for most pesticide residues. formulation* of PCDs. I) A e u t e . iM ;/r J n * t f x p t r i t r e m f However, it has ^eca kindly pointed out Tucker and C rabtree **O^ni found thj;|j ; I Riscbrouch. per*. com nvi that, wnh r e f*' single doss of 'OP r : . kg A roclcr I2.'4 1 create `.o biological significance, the cur- istomach i :- c d n oil'- fatal to i>) _: ] reel ordor of magnitude and a ccu ra l; rela of three ruts, while '*V) m e, Vc was n.,'t tive amounts of P C S g'c the c$?cn fa! rataf `.o three rjts. \rocii?r 2*>'4 killed o r; : in for .-nation. This is because n io .re u .j! ret : i V " c j `. 5 ' ^ me. *z , ,"s'h- t : : ejects. i:jch 's er*s.?:; -nduccion. are :e- kr. 2~"'r. < r, and J*'1' " - ; Sr...:n j lec in rug.-:: c( ye, and the ! : ? i ) ) '- *[! i a " of :**: c y. -UC. " 'r .cvvf.y T rc r:ti :ii'r*T. n o r v _ ; * ; os. -tress -ere p. ww V.> tit.iiinq r*:v j .a. re ,,k*. - r-juc'-r t - r - r :i*;3 PC:i :a c r.: *' i! i " w :rj: rccoqr./:s f- r -.i ,, . :rr. * ilt.lC ehc r it 'ij (" cire * *''O'tT/*!' < i * r ' ;t m.: . .r.rcristcd in pcstietde re-- " i J a : j - t . nsked w r r . i r n t u c s of c're-r ,,keiy o c r -sjj-* : -t .-c -i.*dv i.i-.i., result from p!!tir,f'g the presence : f 2i I'.:.'re. /.* i - t s \r,t'r. n .T n . *-1or- P `'R s On.y recently have studies c=t'icr sjn to 'v ;i'-:i, T `On suites :h i 0 0 ppn Ji.-cc: y o - indirectly res ite I :r an e:.ii- diet n.n 'o e t u c on m ts. aiihoach m.itc o I this error. Anderson et -' i. ict tv'.s <>' ii : -;ua!cs *.--t given. The ci quant luted p .p '-D D f. p .p '-D D D . .m ! rcr*nv.-- Bc m ctl et - ' 9 5 *) in which p.p' ")D 7 in five egp before V ; g.'rut 5<" ci.lorM C b: P"en_vi WI .. ails* .ar., ific.inOi. 7he e >v is n:' anpre- .r-cr> oC.c 2 csi to til- . .i.i'-' ie c - a i:.!-: ' 'V r d ` D :)t ':t ap- . ( i 'irte i '.-.'jtlis' .. Oy * -,,fen: ' v*-*^tfD JVi * ;t ,p- *f : .ics 'n ; * -is : . -tr ... T 7/ V *.\ 1 * ! 1 i - r J -e -> * i- t p jr i-:";; -. s'i'-ei 'cpre-.; * te:l r: 'rr ` `o TT m C '.i,fcrr. j ,Vj !I .iyrr'*--' iM I fat, O'*, n 'o r m o n u i ! r t > ia c r-'r . ' n :u i, e- ; . s ii'i in in ptsvicit '< *'-ircf p/it.'vrSy.tr.'trss) C .iv caps, .ln| <'rt>r* '' 'm 0 - ir, gfc.it hice heron f tr./i j cpr.s. Rescstciive v:ihcs for p.p' ')D C were T to 5 J " . I J to 41 fi . !<X)T., ,md : s to '0 2 ^ Actual rc-uduc lever- of h e p ty '"1" * : i vi .i r gs i.- ,i - -r* V 'c;. . . . . o c .: ; . mitci; h -<. - > ; p. ' '-IS fi ves C i -se o i I r-' :l;J Sir TuisC* ( !>' Ce '-tire .' : i^ T 'j fpt r.its ^ci - cntT|- *.C : > .mil 1` iirt pprn Ar*fwi*f '* 4 . V r j r.it i'i< i f is on the lr>-v j .h i; -icii. lb * . rm r: .iv a t eniisMicr.Tq 'o Iu ; j oth.:r : j j w . : our ou. 'n ^ r f .lie .nei i group incd w td jin 55 nays m l the cai- j I3 JO-i 52U m c 'k g The ! -. - i* i in IS ihrc: 7r its - j i : ji it \ I j i i i I NPC00007436 , > No 770075 u foiid.iM.ikv rtf the lilt'd ppm crenin was csccss of TOXI ppm This Fading n -a cr pc.) 79% of i!:c io n ir-i croup agreement with the ftneinc- of D jlc . fC Prcssl ci -tl ,'!`)70l i.ivc c sjrtm cil the S lic e d . and co-workers that :h c hr.im he tu sicx y o f A ro ciu r i2 5 4 to H cn g alcte levers .ire Ihe esc indication o f acute "": finches [ L a n c h it r a trrjiu Thu i* .1 difft- tnsie levels ity eu!t specie^ for which la calculate trie M cO u ic ct nl. 11962) found no mor- Di dietary m u s e . Due to n et' ticpcndcr.ee "t.ilily wiili chickens fed it.'O or 200 ppm et man unibcilcd iood, it 1* on.y possible 10 A rochir 1242 m their tret lor .1 -I-wees Jc- present the PCB-larfcn ford Tor 1 few period On diets of 4i)(] ppm and S00 ppm. no rscurs 3 day >.Jefferies. 190?). Loss by the m ortalities over a J-w cek period were, m evaporation jnd lo*s by sntll.icc musl be respectively. 50% ana 30% . During the by jiiowed for. jn d increase of weight by def first J weeks, the mortality figures were ee.;! ion must he kept to a minimum. and 50% . respectively. Flick et a!. Thus. :hc calculuict) dietary intake :s .sub (1965), using the sam e m aterial at 400 ject to m ors error ttun is usually the ease. ppm m the diet, had three birds out of 24 Press: ct ,[l. 1970) .uso measured ihe con die m a J-w cek period. Kocman er ai. M l - cent ration of PCBs in the over, they (!9 6 9 a ) found that a aid containing 21)00 Hy found that the ranee w.is !:rg e fi.e . 7Q. ppm Phenoclor DP6 caused complete ilo- 6:)7 ppm m Birds that died ;m p jrc d to mortality with Japanese quail (5 /5 ) in 5Ck- V5J4 ppm tn ihose ih jl survived). These iJd a y s ind rats (8 /Jt) in l-5 6 d a y s. : to authors conclude that Aroctor 1-54 has Schocttger ` unpublished) found that the nus nniy 1 / I J the losicity of D D T. lllhouch 96.hr TLm for A rnclor 1221 using cut ihe differem vnape of ihe m ortalny throat trout wtis | r n g / l and for A roclor US. :il J 25-i OLI rail I Oil- i me ' ( curves-- steep with D O T . gradual with PCB --makes comparison difficult. Je f feries and W alker M966) found good c o r rection Between calculated cictary intake ,, -i liver cpnv.cntr.iii'tns for p p '-D D T tn :* j 3 c -1gales c frpeh. M owc-c*. other >v i-ic.-s I'C-i's ui al.. 196J Site ite! et ai , t 5 ;:;u i _ i j ' bSl -avs 0- 1260 w js 60 9 m c/I. In general, they Lund n .it the msicity of Aroclors w.:s nvcrsdy propor: o u l to tnetr pcrccptac: cM.vrir.it'nn and directly proportion.! 10 t i e r solubilities.- These figures sucre 1 that r e Us arc two t ^ t h r artier-. ct ti-jr- mt .de less toxic '.V.-f "v _ : l iiI c v .i c h ct i `7'*;>) on h.i.js- ; i-J il.-- 1 ' c .- .d :a.-; ;v>: s .a tnc a r;:n = 1 - ir r e fruii. '! 'Cv -n-.inu ! h.r; P` ,Ts were 1 *: '.!i\ c :~.C" -" .l -c -r. ' :.T.-S :!C-s to\;e tha- ~ r 7 . : l-e .--is. .1 DC tf j . - or J.I "2J. 3.' ' w ^ : e . \ r ; ; - j r i ti'- ''', r.yj ;t: | -W.-C.--' -*' : : - " ' r.y 7 n aa;. tc ; . TMr- .r ..' ie- ,ir : An cn-r 2fctf ;:c -a -r - a n j ;o- . -- ::;c trv c-.iv uree ! . ic ace af - f>i: " pm M e:- .254 ! ; - - , v=- 11 1'- T 1?- \t *0 --e ~irr-. *v ! 0 . j - ' j n ) . ; 9 fO-r 1 i S. . r r v , j:s- "he m o rij '-y fnav o- ' 2' for a 4A-:.iy \ -i- 1i J i-'-'.i . ,. -j c c - r P * . -nd V** V 1 4 rr v,i- 1 V- ai r e ~ ;H . ' . : - air *" - r - 1*. rrJ .-.id. '-ir to '-c '.. - 'wV' * v;j *w:p-.;i'!e ; ~:t.i "i-r 'm .ili '.e d1'-:;: i d r jm PC iV- ' : " :t ~ !r: i.;; *. fn n V. *in : lr. mai-:.) . -ir-'s: i.iii rcvj.c'-ie-. .he mror-,j - : effe i-e ::? -c -,,incc ;.*-il*"i-.! e ffe c t : he ; di'cie ; - vie*- - ir. -us vr.tj.--; ,:V `I 1' a* ! T j*-' . The ` j - e *h." f *; -- - c -- * .. ' JT . j - -. Is - r :-ir . : s ; - - )*.iag :cr *.j - : h . :\ -er: \!tr-r mere *1 c e icr tre nri'? C !* '! i" 1 ''ur j n i) and 4 f . : r s i - i .c n ; v iO -i-' rr-Ts DDT ' !-:L .".L 1 - V -r ` * r . 2 :j --.j ". * On : ' i b j 'V j j . u : - 4 .- is a- . : d : hcsoh.irSi(-I n v iin *.i!c< drosylation jn d dcmc'.hyl.iiion - t p. anisolc. and the rate of esc re! 10-, nf diddrrv These wnrkc's s;ut!:cd l T e v i - pounos rnrgm c *n ctlo r-n c :3 n tc~ t fr*'*n 2 1 'TM- to 6 R% and found :n a '. jll ihe effects increa'ca with increasing eh o n re eon- tent. For cs.tmple. 50 r e " ' of Arrc.'or ! 2 2 i reduced h c scb a rb i'jl iiccm rg lim e by 11%. whereas *or A roclor I24S j.nd ! 2 FR the heurcs were, respectively. J 5 - ana 4 8 " . Thus, the sublci.n.i effects hjve direc! correli.ncn wmc. c r .c r n e eentem . while !hc ret hat effccis i r r c .ir *o h ; in versely correlated -T u cscr and C f-ih trce. in pressj, L tn etr and Pcak.H ; IG7 0 1 nmeii an increase n l the m v |r i rule .if n ie u 'v i. ism of estradiol in kcs:reis fed n 5 jnd 5 ppm A roclor 1254 n :he.r die: and .1U0 demonstrated increased I'vcls af cytocu**- nuc RN A with the *-gncr -iiitary level using j cy top h ciom c:r:c techn--.|uc la ck e r ('inruhli'pcd ) found -hat 1 --t i file arai dose of 'F1 n :d -'< ; A r ' clor " 2 5 l cause;! r e c '.^ r epe t y o g *>f J.ip-'int-i' un' -i { C'Uumt.x ro u rm x ' M i':rn first 10 seaMcrai epe orr>di.ctMr and then ; t> step cor-p tctct; u:r a **cev ! he scattered eg-."* had s~ciis 9 " th ;m e : : 'ia " in r rr.il. hut tii ,-..-;-ss :riu rn c J tc .. ucs when re: :'.virc was re-um ' ' * al'orr: 1 l :< * j'? ;:| I V " -- z kc i \roci*-r !-... - " "Tir : ' - r . *.7r i . 2 '.* *.e > -- ;ic ,*r - v- '.-.' -me mJ ^ *C'S W 1 aerm a ,.c1 :r re.' JT p t ..." ' * .. in r Tne r-.- ! heT're e ^ \ r ~ r --:c * i n :d - - T . >. J -, - , n^ ^ r' . " i'ea- ; ! j - r . r - : v - e - * . : b i . :ne r * . .*; : -Ml ..-l . ; J 1 .- :'eac i *r ,:; of I'lCV 1 'C - * * . / - . ! . . 0 . .a rse i-` :r ; * , `I- - C . . ?, \( ` L e v ,' ;f r '" 3 * At .* ,t * , * 1:.' TCB 'or-r.-iit-nns, . - .. t ir.s: .n tn ::- of iieicr"*..n.i.n*''s n.<e!l r.,tiicr r.m.-il: :i this fipdtn,- *nc i-'i h-. v. h.c pjcnt n jrk . wnuld : :t i. i.rlfiu .ii .iii*orpi-iM from j : (=. - i:i:'cr:r.t!jl i r B c u a ~ l in t i , . t.*..-v h..rr er ,s involved. The liver V-s * i . : c n-.ir. vanaldc. There w.is <1 -t V ic -jiu b c r in ihe 2!X)-400 ppm liiure were vevcril vaiLes m -: v Jciirv: : . . :r.,w - nifiu' *' !:f hr;- il:: iViii-M ' -/- ,-y?:i:. - . be::1 d. tir ;r M 'r - J i~ 1 c c 'n . V .rhroiirn ,1 ai , i ;,i*s* r, S ;r c .i et al., |9V). and Ai:!C`ie:r' `* t T r zie i sffct'i of d d:ct of 50 ppm md 10 pprr. oa sleep ing time induced s y j standard dose 3f :n a >,- > tu .sere 7 - : : ; . -- . -, ,1 ;j; *, ,j . MI.S ir F n in . 1 c /i` *t m --.c fi : i. ' en.;* v,:s by l*;"vi;l I is si:,!-i| i \nonv m.'.'is, 1966) ;l:.u rw. !U'.*v n fc.u.i- cf- c.-liccivd in Swedr 1 g * *1 US tO '944 (*CH rest*.ucs have h:**n rt.-, :r !ed m wi:H- life from ('.in.ida ' Holder ja d I90?1 Anrerv.in e: al , 1961. Rev.T!.!*.. 1970 OJ. - J . --------------- NPC00007437 4" i ** - 1 'if, 770076 T A311 2. Pilhoiogtc t S d ja i by PCBf Tlltr| Snci *ri< Mil 1 B1 j !U S ii> l*Ml Cu<*f (Ui K#ftM In S*u* It) l.'S^r!! iSriuj* il<g*i! la noJtrtli cf*n*i Iat*l limtialT Mmd ftritaidwM r l FiiriPtia Oiai* OtnnaMi Wp(fl HaaatanaHlf abtnrai Ad aaaii. tell*. td pa*e>Mi lin t '* aainrtrtkr ebangai. N li'P in MrAnlltw: tea u -ii i*t CiiiillSSO I AM S3 ( ItJr lr 1 ta aw^INt US CD Aj I is. so.t loan mlit! 1 11 trlilM ISa A>ncln>t) AM 1.13 * ** M<l|*| .*.`3.> * in fiti J 33 . ^ 1*1 3C3 r: .nii*i (itc.'df i :* ;i CUeSpi 1 IK M" in At' ;> 1 wmi) .ICS, I'j:':- ' : ** 'S , * * -** tit |Ms; 1(;J ` i'-y 3*. *, Crlt inultn. SrtiMia graniin gtai*!. M il lad *:lW tan d*<* ( utlfld !33N ntigt) iretIJIt!, larit inSdt' Sttl*i irn^ta h m ir n a . C.i*:il lad lrvi| m ir a m . Iw tiit- n iy i. aHatl *K'**i.*f mrS iRtiai*ia| tMm*a :a*iani Aradar 1111.Its. 11(1.1 IS. 11M- tiv z tiK S itscn * Aa t'laat AaiHl Inarjadaid *IJH Oaaagid Oa|*d ISiM H*dirntmiiin Hydiarattcir^: Hitrnmie3i^Nji. krdiapi"*tu*>. EBlatgaC Hi tSa-jn wtW V* tl P u rtii tt Sm *e.* fcs.-,?*Jiiia. r l **'a a) Ij ' un *1 m'v*t- - : : : r . 1 --4 , j S3 S- i- ,ia:* , !a; 13 rt i - h i1* * ;:rii* u ; ! rba j- A''n*u e' -ir a*. s< *.' i*l tsi .*! S-r i *t ;) * x j k .f1* ; i- * t"*i ,i.*s*il*|<jtai *| I *pja mm* * li'is n ii .* ( *-, :* Jr 'll. - c* isi. : 'si. CrM iiV-''":;.';. . 1 i ; r ,'i ! in ' i* i.it t l a i r * ! :i i- ':s |.`ei*rf, ?' Faiit !*** era;i):. lit*' 1 aai r T H id rs n .'-e jn '.'" \j i .. .\ It . : i l * " * ' --Ci . -:ii. 1 *JJ : (1)-1 n.n tor *S 1 .ir*ia:*J ivi/f.'i*. ii , i ' it ,; r'-'T.:i;, : -f. : j ; irra -'i : : ~ . i 1 a*ii C S d iii. * " J > i o : n ` :* - ' t tamid 3' I pmiiI at A. M131. p*tll lira fl d ll* pith 1 MeCm* ft d lltlC- ~*ca ai d 'IMS' i Vn ' i i . : \tl i*: '*' T* . *1 ' -< * .:r ( < J; * UN I*.,,.,* nivnnii M il v n i t H I iMM *J m .t *> 't\ .-.I ? *1*7*':. fjcrn;.ifi'. r'uc/ynsrt: and Wend- i-.-t:. 19(1.$: M icrun cl ;tl., ;9'i'T), firc.il t? lam, Ho'n-.' cl jj . ' Vii7* Pre^i i"<i i' ;.c :c* iCi*' P r e t Hi' e:n , '-l.;*s;:cn :'?i`">. \c.-:-cr;jf*.U Kjc- .t .i* cl . . .s *Cj C" . \ni:n.- r ;-i' ,J/- ." c~ c. j 1.., i - . ,... s n-.r.n i s: ?. . . . i H ini-ijnl M jnincj:;an \ q c c j 'i e d Mudie', sue*!' as lhoe for DDD .it Clear i..iVc iH ani and Bisc'noff, 1 a: d DDT and its mciaboiiie^ m L a 'ie Michigan IHie key et i l . 19*6), h;ivs yet b it:! made for PCBs, The most detailed studies currency i' are those of Jensen et a!. f 196*9/. The figures (mean, ranee of values, and '.im ple s.zc) givei in the table below are laken from trie r p ;pcr. cai -r;- : (.itrari"1? * *3 U< i*-.' - *! - * V\& * * i > i fc. * :*t 4 *t* * - * U*m * ; j l * *; v*j; i a* i 'V n tm T ItJ Ltf t Iflr* iio Htw V. Vtt, li l|n:IX-l>T! : >1 Mncrn-Wi rit Ufl I I) The levels in three species or fun in CIcsr LuKfc 'fl 19/*fi were O.QJ-O.OO? ppnt wet tpiMFifT*i; c;j ;*j ^,ur in i,;t hre.ivf in.iscie of a western ergne iRise- hrouc'n cl ji . ` 'P i?!, Nadcrscn c: j| I '*09: fouf.i !',*,<. -r ** *: :'isn ? t j . :he ever. :*-I'C*1 sere i-* ^ ' --*m w.Vj'C-* ! 'C L`'t * * i|'*' .7* ; *. I' ; Pfj;* - w . * . ,j Ta ' I ' " . : : T r r f J' i-.*: . " "CC'l i 1 i !M :: *; r:'.' ' et -*;* : '!.*.* 'csoirs * > pm*., iriurm rji c .i i i'i '9 ppm. r^cci I'orcs T \ "pm L " l ' r l ,jr.itc ;;*, * ' .tvcrit.jc soiaes or or :y ilems were cluilcd. The physic ti properiies P C B .tnd th: pvailanlc residue 'Ij i .i ^ic:ir<y indtc.n; that these m a!cf:.ils arc c.io.thie of hmlogical n u g ^ ific jiir r j p the (nmi chair 9-2 NPC00007438 V'1. i< . ; V o i ' t \ PC : ;1 ` 1 1 s s s r^ B z z s a n>--r****1^ -- m b j e - 770077 iiaiin if i m r in r r n Ki'Cbrotich et ii'.i W'<!ft.ind R.scbrnugh t(9 1 n ) n .o c examined the ratto of intu DDT. ; e . DOT .nd ils mei.ihthle* IO PC li He hai found !fu l lhe -alio D D T / PCU u * ! - in S a i Francisco Bay and S Ifi far vM hrd t in (he Pjc i/ic. ir. me Gulf ai Ca.'ifurni.i. .1 region relative rem ote from contam inant/-. :lie rimo w;i' *>.tn. Verme*." fminted n Reynolds. 19Hi in c 'tc rn Can ida found a O D E /P O I u lio ur T /ir Co .forma cull im u cs and ! J for creai nhic hcroo cccs. In the T abic ihc ratio . -2 [Jensen et j L. 9 0 9 ). af- ihotph along he *e s; eo a of Sweden me nino ws ,,s ,ow 1* fi 1 5 , in grebe* in the Bnuvn U c (he m ini was 0 4-0,8 [Freni jn a Jefferies. 1969). For sca-hrrd c e fi. Pressi e: il. Iunpublished) found ratios of 1or. m o . . The ' cr.;ll impression k that the amount -jf PCI! m lis.sjcs icnik ' 0 p jr ji- ci that of r^OC. ai casi n locai cco'ys- ems. jna the DDE/PCB rimo -west near RCu*t:,ia! areas suggs*:-ng inai PCD ' ro i .jrn e d cune so rcatiy ;o .-errine -e..1 Scve*i-eiC'S. ths ..jrijtim :'f .ne *: :s ,n-'..i er.ouan io su ? :*- **' lne f j . n c'-al are tva - 5 """ ce ; -e ~:-t.s mz aera; ne r-c-j' u * ,, -re:, ai - f :"c ilio * * :d |i>. Significance of Current Levels In view of the sim ilarly of PCD* in DOT anti 1is rncta.iO'ilcs. :hc ja d itic n af PCM residues 10 the environment is much- v equivalent (o :m increase of D O li resi dues However, since j synercisi'c effect of PCils on HOT na* t|cer. dcmnnv:r;::ed m insCCis lT s .lO Ct j ) . I 9 S ', ) < ( ru-^ pnv. sihiiily should not be overlooked >n nighcr nrcunismv. The enzyme induction effects of PCHs have been * d l documented, ard cumon'c anhvdrjsc inhibiiion is fikely. The effcci o f PCHs on pnolosynthc'.is is j crideat esperimenl `.nat has noi been done. Wurstcr's espcr-.mcnls *o.h phympJdnltton should be repealed >ith PCBs, The most critical area fer research on PCBs s ip discover the m ajor sou reefs; of escape into (he environment, f.cgislaovc control of a material escapmp as a side effcci nf us use may have ,1 different vet 0 / pmnlcms than the coniroi of pesi'cides whicn are nrouiicn.il as a fund inn nf ir.cir normal use. T he evidence suggests that il is important to find the icu i and stop it. `A - C'dc re* <i`:v* n-rw v I" A I ,h-r t.sr, I-, fnrmaiii'i Ilt`[ N;* 9i*t l| p _____in?n s ne*s"*J ve- ir .tlir ; ehir>rifl..i:d bipnsiv. * 'r<vfi ' M i t <'1 :* . - . . :ic` ,7 4 ito r Otftc .t .:/ C i f w ` ' P'r-v B.ie^y. (* h.. 1A. i. WocKcl. and I C rr,m n :. i l ' i t Ide".i*iic^:.n'' n ' pivistht.v . i j : :>. phenvi <n >*' h-ti! v a jln iiy u i f r *'-;*( .- cham tll!r iphy.m 1% p L lli'r * ; J .4**ne Of{;e. -iviif ( A*"! . 5"> fl;ir(r.i. R. I'esi.eiuc 'cs'duc in;-:';: crraics s v irid r:>.d-S V n rn rr. Iftii, . "> I.Ui) Benrell G A C. K r)r,Ber, and \1 f 'S i r ren Vlrifp*- 1 iu". h.incT* n i " ; ii e '' u i rar* r e 'i;ii'* a <-.im e.''":*.' :< Wtn c n ;n ''" itc il L..-i* K ..r-i'n ' } t * a f U t Tnw'i i . ??- :' Boijme, *A . md C Vle.ir) ' omi S ia '-r.'i vaughicr 8 T.O %V*(, n - ! ^ Dalc. SA I... T 8 (.One-.-'A' M.vc`- (1 W , Pcjrce !9s*. -"'niiO T-a | ) i j " ' ` l - lalion bclwccn at-nc-it 1 i" - ."! i--- ;- r * r > non in r.-.l h rjin . .S n r^,.- I 4 i : 'J 'J 1 l'S Denmer. C C.. H A .nv, n J H !l i - r - . i lOJfi rire-irx* ; i '- T * ' i " S inaphrtf. ni-r<t'iri C'-t,.' kftin : -sJ.-irv; D 'id i. P. J :**?*. The `.'C W (.httirirtaictl r'cnyls 'f1 r -re j* c n e 's- ' i^c .*'1 ir.l.n e J i c ' - ' ZU . 50. ^i-- Err-v.. \ ::C*M IcvcniiL*. ;"*! ! v ic a --jr* -m * \ --is- v; i,"vap*1^ * r :a .if ;>r T i ' t r i . r r - 'n C .2: V *. 'W 0 if.: . 1 j. r !/.-_ r - - -- - : . . t -s a., - ' - .* : nr PC ?' -a 11- arc 1 : V r.o * * . .n t1* - : 'cc';rt!v ; a. -sn?-..?1*, !(;.. ' :d-. !9 >. 5 i a rre "t/Tii*:- .;f r* as r . 1 jv ; .atij.n " CDs r tbie i',. m v*. !**:!; route :on'us- of these male.* a:v This s^pix-;;; on rcn.or.s to oc icMcd T re po^simniy thm i*C B* coi*d he derived from DOT should j|-o he comice-cd. The possibility that iw conveisor 'jcciif; n '.issue * most ijr.ik r y ; ar : * 0 rc.isi: r,s. F t , it " I- neve: e:n tctcctcd dtspi! s ti c ile.. . ,,J * c ip< ~~ ; L . " 'e t u s r , 0 ! m i v ;.: - 1, '.he " ' ,* * :c :~ 'i -- i , . : . 7 2:--: s , * ; *; * ir c j s \;*j* 1 * - = :i j *1 1 : - Tv * tC v- ,i - . : >: - :. \ r -le t . * ir ,t " ; ! ' ,r^ ! T t1. *': c? ii' ; -j') :o w1 ) " c r : of *lic.ii*'fiv '.-.; ' ,* , i l * f ( ( J ,1 i i : e '^ ""jtiivi ; "ri !-. it eniu,rinatcd bipr c,-vl hy ,, : s,r.,.t '( '3 s estrae. : from ) > U't : ti Ttaicli wen wp.ii hiit"cr i: e.. ::M | . it seems jni<k-;iy that .J :1s iMimd n r in ir e could be ccrivcd 1 .a r c - m.iteriftl*. e*. >. "j :? .re. Gr^ " ' i">. RcyfiOi ' ! C r : i r -s ~ r.ir;*> r v r,,".iiton. Dr f ; I. l-'o Si." v ' 3rd U Taeker i i; " - A S cr.'ctf * ** ;-t i v - ' .m nori.ir.i m.us. S -.vr: *:f rresen t: : here -vis e.irriid su: .ifii;.- M H Gram. EN'IOJnft. Dr. T." J . Cade. Principi" !ncv.:galor The review ua.i written - buie one oT us ( D B P.) was an lista hits,h;d Investigator. A merican Hc j ". Assooatror.. Thanks go lo O '. T . J . Cade for review ir a f.h: man user ,h . eOt -. * j ; 1 n ' ! } - 1 i* II- !.. : vt.-i > i^ ,, 'i ( , i-.-n:-,--:r! n , f* 1" ' '.v;!r:a "r . 1 ' , , ; J V..,flr i A n n o i yy I'iMi. t*. i'.'rlt ;( .1 -sw ;**c:r. c"d fti'a.-:; " ir * S f . *1. ft! Armer. T :... .i"'1 n C Oao., r ;.t f l- iip ! ;.fl h i; Hull. . 'li,r;.iatcd m x i-- - ' ............. * Jn ' " va *.. a j. : ?' - '( . 0 1 ! 1 l`<- - r '/r "a V-..- . ** 'P',.' i Fr; irih i:i, ite; SVmr*-'. " ri. 11. i* Hi *ay. ; J .1 \ Kei*-. j - t c il C*'"- !' < . A1 espr.- r f j,*.. *r .t `..J k ; M-c.n* ein tu .. *: 1 J . 4 p p ; Et .1 .Su rr- * Holten. \ '' . vid K kl ir-dc'.. Orcar*.'- eftlnnre < .due-. < sc iK jnd porpaise .V-Iflirr 2 ln. ! r~ a ., 2""`> lk ';'"?\ ^ l' J. M 5 , ~, r 'o,i* and l O Ti ) "fir ft? Chirr;" : - J -i iirov_.-vfti n n.' !%.> *-rt a*r. :-ft i.i- rr - 1 , ...-J 'A "i -.illiv.i.1 95? Tne - .i; * - : : 2 ' .- -i sr-*.-av.n " .1 -, . . . " * '".-rn ' . O l ? 1 '- -' ; j . i .- * - ' !'t: :` 1;-. T i i ! ..1 ;i *- .1 * ,r * - - fr Jcife . 1 irti C : l " A '-i i% nf ,vp".*.'|'7 .i" ii< ru- . ,. i, -i -, ;n ine av .* liver Vjr-r-r. 112 ` .'l . s u 'eft-- t . * i, 'H C V. nin. *: t O rg jn rv -.t'- ;.ac fsn.l . f C*.l) prf.im ry .lu'Ji He,--.- ^*. e- , .he Ol CO Ptviifide Cuftfsitnc.1 Je-irrn. a 0 Jo F -ft O't ii - i5 f ' r>i * ' ;> . - 1 _ ---icr.Pi.' ] i5"fl UPC00007439 II - I l i r --Ti " iiTrgT"T- - -gv*-wJUn-- ,, 770078 .. :iill.> it [r r !'l H.ltC*' A ifllirr. 2 l4 i Mtllll.'ti. R t'IfiK A;t i *pr' ; ( li; it.-'f-rpr* - ; ( ^ . v.,, trt - i ' :*. K i f " . 1 K , .ual I ( ' W . ili, I `*W j i l m r i>i.ft*"TEii ./ Perifi.-re. 1)1)0 H 01 i. ih t itit" imi n i ufiM niK li'm m; 'i *ri 'l i . i i. l'v r r pule J C'/ini. nw t'irr U : i : 0 r.Ml n iiiiiif i j ( n o .ir :> r> 7: ' ' ' * Snis'-'l. I l I I ' 11! I i l u ' ' - li t ; - i . ^ .i.*nC .`f'iii.i'.v* . ! iirnr i.i.i.. imi O D I tir Ic.ii* c c m H it. s > c tc e lf'n l ' c j i i i r . O 11 071' I 'c'H l- i ^ m ij :hc rerro- i - d I fv t 7-11. 1' e.in u rc J' vHri' m jlfp r J t'h j. J A stn c O ffa , inai . *1: n l Mft." J M . N \ ( i C K kjr-f*. J Veen. 1. ijuciirp. - I h ir.il..S.-* / ( n t o r . * : ! ; ' * Tu. Penniflf. C II 19M l'fK M e j1 i.^ jrj !c r:i:: i Jf.G n i chi ir -_:ed Sin r,`l. i I - H '*i*Cel jrtrJ R C rrn;t..> . ;'>//. Re,id O i) f f j i m !-.>; ..... i "ifu. .. . i.i z *n *,-1., ,, U :..*c .J R P /*ir*.. ' 0 cr*e-.* l - J F.ic >om . M* - * : S .*.{* 151. - f j i i f ! \ .(i fic n ilc m i. rrt>` iniC M ienirt j >* PrcMi.1 ..ii' ii 0 J. 'ilie r - c ' O^*1 urn- S t.. r` . J. . j r j *k \ . . , i e i ; >''# i n - ' .. , i ,, - I j -n he nmn.i;.:> t !hc S.io I-a . hef\. ''rL td m c s.a e*', ir d efp.ini'i.'-'-irir.c l*i> l --v 'ti hir I. m r :: . . Icrn ! Vi r>i.i art.i i->ri*m.t \ prchrmniiry cMiloei in iMe pie U .Tji-ieH prthe ;n lli.t.iin . "iiTM lilV l " l.lltn n , jr d l-- ; I fj (.itniniutm ,;u.sr. \ trdrJ 9m \ U Jc i-uniA B ird S tu d x . )6; WiH-1- f . Uni Suri. '* i i r i f . . .*2: ) 1-R* j , P r . I . t) J Jcffcr'ei, jn d N W M ootc S lreci. J C . i M l ' f v . l ) J U ;a! * i \ I K i' tifi.in . 1 11 . M C Tcn Noc-.rr de II'.h * . ,ir il !i 1|1 de Vm Chi cr ni.ned hi. OJfi P n l y i r . i i c d i' ipeenvK !d !ir*d.i >n llm .itn .ip I their iivi.m t o ik ily . F.nvtwn. f> Piati C . v i i j f . i d i t iis ,: -f , c h in rm jlc d *' t^ !; : r , i s ;a or j j r . x --n rt pticoyis m ,'.sh. snii 'cut Ir; :r*e Pol/m Itr presi). pcMicidei in J tt.iii'n of h ;p j..c Kic: Rh.ie JhU :o t 'v h c n irne c r.tn .il area. R c>nnl'!\. 1. M , I1W . Pntychloff)h'pher;sk ; " /yrne. I i< NCS m te: ; ie p i; i . V ir ^ r . 2 2 !; I ;**- : 2S iP I.3 '-) *nrJ. iheir inierlcrcece *nlh p a in i..; ' r ; H` 12. V e . i ir , Kec-n.n. J M . J A J VinL .ir ij J J M tie residue .;n.ihu%. flu ii. iiwrp#i. Cunlo*Jr 7*1f i S u . i t r j t l . W S . ,;n:i I H n r r s i f o ' H t l Chm \ (tic:;, i l,,i9h nf m n 'ij.il* . <n end* '( c o /. 4; rinoieJ poiypheT.i :o --rro *e ! n i . i . i ; *e. prc> jn d .1*11 n i* x N c ia e rijic * n ih ; * o- _ _ _ IOTI). P allente residue a*t.ilysi* in ihe J u e * . J >i.o f:/m i*" t 4*i. : ter o f I *#**-1 / l rd ta . 57; n " -'6 . prac-nce -il reivchlerooipreiiyls PC3s). Tvm . C h in f - ll. , W N .S jiliv.in. jn J I Mo, Lw hicf'n e-r. 1. P . K. R. Schul T W Fun*;- r p jn n .jn d T T I.ssng. Uio.v c ' . j ' '* jc:'o i oclcea pi'lievC '* 'od -m c .'-i'iie * J Eron tm o'n a.. h i: *';! > ? Liflccr. ; I , js d D 0 t ^ ' rt I-i J i.i M ficTtj;-; 'eretti 'rc ia h .;-t~ ; m md c iin p i i.Ti'i' R N \ 3v p n r . t.v .r ii*i" i, nv'.. .' C iti !* `.he A*ncr--T , c v r ; i .'.ai? 'te o re ". M,C ;re *" L J L S j . j j e .<-.j > l - v i j ci| ' " 1 :1_. Jr-.-oer*j*t;ii-- '*. > . a . * ; .. 1 ..>1 ;rec. * Pi.- . - 2"* fin id u e f f a un pras'. Rncnroac.' R. ;9(>9 Chin.-niiied S; droc.ir1)or*v <n :hc ;Voh.il rrn.vsicm In* ( h r ^ c c l Fallout. G 0 . fiera i n i SI VV M ille r i f d ' , Clwr'es C T in m iti. S r'ir.zfie ld IH . p '- 2 1. ______ I77fi .Viijre *enes m ihe m d f n t itwin*tni. I I ; R r .c H ;'j2h. ^ *.V . P P.exhe. D 0 re a * -11. S. Ci H e " " j r . jn d M > Kirveii P-dv- eMr.rir.;i:eti n p r e r s k ip ;he cdi ee-ivjsiem Vrrurr. Il : i > : 02. R iscp-njpr %V . R 4 irti H ')i'0. Cerc*t: " 'o e r.-s ;> ! \e . t. *9;-: i "`icrM1. 4/n.R ttein. *9 i? A cpmc.ir: ' ' i* n i e v ira r*! jtc t .md irMie-iY :o p n tji; 'h a of hodj*e 11o d a n e -ch lrr;;; ! w>l;,phcni d e r*'' is. . *f(eti->; a* < t;.io u Tin ger. R. < . n d 0 f i C rocir*c 9 "n of Ftutctit -c > \' S Oert .>f In'.cr -'r, 9ureau oT S rv ". F ir cncs and '.V.hihfe. Racares PubiifiUO'; N qj tfc Vos. f i v id 1 H K n e rrm !97A a ii-a liv ; :o t , 'o ;;c .l ` ,o y 1 p u l- ;1'* : ; 'ed h i -- r i c t . i t - :n tr i: . * - 1 er-' i i F io p *- r - .J. - .r : - rr Oi V A i. * It* J . - j T,;,-- -.iet. r.ivo i 4** j.*rp ' ' * a -.. *' \ - 4 t,' b.. ; * *. - t , *i*i _ . _ 0 .* i. , Vi jli.* 1 EchMd. ; ! o re ..- ` . r `-;r n* ; i , i r * t ' \*. " eoi r t -. . : . ' 3: :.n - \. 5* i . ; 1 1 IL .a * : c r. . : r . ov" . " ; c av Z U Z V i - X i z ? .vlTn.7; ^3 -CLR3 i - i 'i . C : i * y r -- i U , m I M * L V i a. < ^ / r; j .- ,, ' n> L . t U n L v r * J J " ^ -- A i Z ? Z . CCv a ` i : a .v C C lT L 'a t ii Cno es-oplo e '"a ry .;c c .' *Jo :e r o o 'i --'!1 ce o c j e : z ` or ea;h t : t e u l'. ! ? i e - ' - d . Corso"-.;.-; r.o/ ce s; s i i c i io aci'-sd. Fro- CATALOGA: CUL' - ES A.o iscie L'pe- ia w *i! (piiSQUE ISLE MJCP.0DJ0L0C1CAL A SSO C IA T ES^----------------------- O P .O .E O X 8 0 0 7 P R :S G U ISL I, P fN N S Y lV A filA 1 303 V fac-* ?!.ia3% i73 1m V4 jr ^ s s a a g E ^ /* :.,. ^ NPC00007440 iT7 : * 0 ,c V i', j j * 21,- R l*t r i ' th^ ~ ^ ~ ifirgli r~ -* -k"f`i --r , i', . . 770079 tf;O ir!r.Li!N G AND ,> \'IT Y SE avice f I I \c t- * v t v ^ 7 0 :7 v : . ; * ! j ; . ` >* * ; ,* : : ? r . .. -i L J .u E qjbS S ^ b i AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION Oste Issued April 1976 85 JOHN STREET. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10038 ^^um beMATERIALS Copyright 1976 American Insurance As so cia clo n TA3I.E OF CONTI: NTS A*, o n e POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS 3 3 3 3 10 11 11 3 14 * 16 2022 ' 1- 1 9 ,2 0 ,2 3 ,2 4 ,2 6 ) ed i r a n s i o rr.crs re s ul te d pritic Ipp.lly from n eve - ! ..'id , switching nr l i g - - i r . g surges, )*.=; ; ;re - . i i L' he z i l , or * i l ur e r1 . * Ie ? Tr 1 1 -rea-:: :z:\i v, f i r - r e t a r d a n t i tra",; rom.e: r . l s we c id .*e i c p e c . The c a : a j : - a t a r t a . s m at vere r u s t widely used ar.J r e e r en t r e e were the 'c hlorinat ed b ip h e n yl s " . Chlorine-: biphenyls is a generi c : - n r e s c r i b i g compounds chat can have various ernbina- c cions o: ch lo ri ne a i m s attached at as " ar.y as te n p o si t i o ns cne -.cLecule. raze 1 NPC00007441 inLOC i t r v n u *. c cl . -M' :. ; ' SV 770080 L i t o t a l o f 2C9 com pounds q u a l i f y a s c h lc r lr .a ts .r d o ip h e n y L s and th e y i r e co 1 L e t : i v a 1; I te fe r r e d co p o ly c h lo r in a te d b ip h e n y ls , r r P C 3s, a lth o u g h -.any a r c n e t a c t u a lly p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d . PCB com pounds c o n t a i n from 12 co 6 8 p e r c e n t c h l o r i n e . The PCBs a r e m a n u fa c tu re d by th e c h l o r i n a t i o n o f b ip h e n y l and a n h y d ro u s c h lo rin e using iro n f i li n g s or f e r r i c c h lo rid e as a c a t a ly s t . P o ly c h lo rin a te d b ip h e n y ls , used e ith e r alo n e o r in blend s w ith o ch er m a te r ia ls such as trich lo ro b e r.2 e r.e meet th e need fo r a fir e -r e ta r d a r .i. d i e l e c t r i c flu id w ith a high r e s i s t i v i t y , a high d i e l e c t r i c s tr e n g th , a r e l a t i v e l y high d i e l e c t r i c con s t a n t , and a v e ry low power f a c t o r . By r e p l a c i n g th e p r e v i o u s l y used h y d ro ca rb o n o i l w ith p o ly ch lo rin a te d bip h en yls or mixtures o f p o ly ch lo rin ated biphenyls with tr ic h lo r o b e n z e n e , i t has been p o s s i b l e co r e d e s i g n equipm ent w ith a g r e q t r e d u c t i o n i n s i 2e f o r th e sam e c a p a c i t y and v o l t a g e . Ac t h e s a o it t i m e , t h e f i r e h a z a r d s have been e In in a te d . A sk ars 1 , a term o f t e n used in p l a c e o f p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d b i p h e n y l s , i s an A m erican S o c i e t y f o r T e s t i n g and M a t e r i a l s tASTMl d e s i g n a t i o n f o r i n s u l a t i n g ( d i e l e c t r i c ) f l u i d s w hich r e l e a s e s o n ly non flam m able, n o n e x p lo s iv e g a s e s i f decom posed by an e l e c t r i c a r c , Exam ples a re p e n c a c h l o r c c i p h e n y i and c r i c h l o r c b e n z c n e , b u t a l s o i n c lu d e a r e p c n c a c h l o r i d i p h e n y l o x id e , pen each lorophsr.y Iber.zo ace, hexach Lor odipheny methane, p e n t a c h l e r o d i p h e n y 1 k e t o n e , and p e n e a c h l o r o e t h y I b e n s e n e , A ll of these m aterials are f i r e - r e t a r d a n t , noncorrosive, have a high d ie l e c t r ic s t r e n g t h , and c h e m i c a l l y a re i n c r e d i b l y s t a b l e . Although most i n d i v i d u a l p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d b i p h e n y l s a r e s o l i d s a t room t e m p e r a t u r e s , the m i x t u r e s v a ry in c o n s i s t e n c y from l i g h t o i l s to v is c o u s l iq u id s or s t i c k y r e s i n s . The pGlych l r : i r.ated b i p h e n y l s do n o t r e a d i l - . * d e g r a d e . They p e r s i s t a n d , i f d i s c a r d e d i n t h e e c i : -'<i- rer.t in s u f f i c i e n t volume, i gradua : e j . i t * . The v e r y h i - ility : ,c c u m u l a t i o n in c e r t a i n e t c L j g i c a l makes z'r r i n v a l u a b l e i n t r a n * f o r c a ^ a c ` . rs i s the c =_ _. . : n a ,, t h e i r j p t s a l r.-.:* : r e p r c c - r l c o n t r o l l e d r i a l l y by th e c h lo r in e itr. o f b ip r iron i i l i n t s or farr ic ch lrrid e T r a c e q u a n t i t i e s c f c h l o r i n a t e d r a p t h a i e n e and r h l o r i n r - * j d d i he r. z. ' ru r ar.s h a v - h *_ c . r e p o r t e r i n some c h e m i c a l sar.pl*'? r f ?C3s ar.d i t has be .n s u - t e s t e t ' - sever*, r a s e i r r r e r s t h a t t h e p r e s e r r e c t h e s e i m p u r i t i e s may b s o : i r x l c <>1 ? :' i : * . r' - ce as n ceee.. T* i- cwoCm^pi ounds v e r e long tho u gh t tp be r e l a t i v e l y i r r a n : nr a b o ut ' f - aa ;SVwedi sh s c i e n t i s t d i s c o v e r e d PCB r e s i d u e s lr f i - h and fint' :- ?C33s have b e e n d e t e c t e d , sometitr.es i n h i g h concern e r a t i o i:i c _ . : s - id ammii n a l s , in r i v e r s and l a k e s , i n boctorn s e d i i e r . t s , and ever, i n f o o d s . TV.,* e n v i r o n 1 b i 11 i d pounds e f. * :C mi lLl i i n 1 " 1f i l l s , 1* " ** '-- '* ' p r o d u c tic -n i s now 1 c v r :o -Z m i l l i o n y e a r ar.d u i - i s o l e l y i n c l o s - i e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m s ; e . g . t r a n s f o r m e r s and c a p a t i : o r s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y -D O ,0 0 0 pour o f PCBs we r e i m p o r t e d t o t h e T2 . S . I n 197?+. Page 2 C - 17 NPC00007442 770081 ' The p r i n c i p a l a l t e r n a t i v e t o PC5s f o r c a p a c i n r s i s *i i r e r a l o i l , hu t s u c h r e p l a c e m e n t would r e t u r n c a p a c i t o r t e c h n o Logv t o i t s p r e - : 3 32 l e v . ; , a*:u v j y Id n e c e s s i t a t e - the r e d e s i g n and r e p l a c e m e n t o f su ch w i d e l y v:se:i e cu ip ne r* . ss f l u o r e s c e : c l i g h t f i x t u r e s and r a c k s f o r power and i n d u c t i o n - h e a t i n g c a p a c i t o r s , which c o u l d n o t now a cco m o d a te th e i n c r e a s e d s i z e o f o i l c a p a c i t o r s w h i l e m a i n t a i n i n g t h e i r present ratings. The c o s t o f PC3 l i q u i d s i s a b o u t f i v e t o te r. t i m e s me r e t h a n m i n e r a l o i l . T h u s , l o n g b e f o r e t h e r e w e re any e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n c e r n s a b o u t r i 'S s , t h e r e was a s t r o n g e c o n o m i c i n e e - - t i v e t o f i n d o t h e r , '. e s s e x p e n s i v e i n s u l a t i n g l i q u i d s w i t h c h e desireable c h a ra c te ris tic s of ?C3s. Since the 1930s, at least ten major chemical o r e l e c t r i c a l c o m p a n i e s h a v e i n v e s t e d l a r g e a mo u n t s o f t i n e av.d money i n t h i s s e a r c h , a l l w ith no s u c c e s s . Although p o t e n t i a l s u b s t i t u t e s t h a t 3 r e more c o s t l y th a n PC3s ( such as f l u o r i n a t e d l i q u i d s ) have a l s o r e c e i v e d sone c o n s i d e r a t i o n , l i t t l e i s knew- a b o u t e i t h e r t h e i r e l e c t r i c a l p e r f o r m a n c e s o r p o s s i b l e i l l e f f e c t s upon t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . T o d a y , b e c a u s e ci! t h e c o n c e r n o PCS* or. t h e e n v i r o n n e n t and i t s h e a l t h h a z a r d s , s e v e r a l c o m p a n i e s a r e s t u d y i n g new m a t e r i a l s t h a t c a n be u s e d a s r e p l a c e m e n t s f o r t h e ? C 3 s . Some o f t h o s e un de r c u r r e n t s t u d y a r e d e s c r i b e d i n the "Control Procedures" sectio n . PROPt-RTTcS (2,7, L2, W , Lb, U , ^3,20,2l,23,24i Table I lists several properties of manv different polychlorinated biphenyls. Table II lists the common tradenames for known ?C3 containing products. Corar.erc:a! PCbs are generally mixtures of many different polychlorinated bioher.vls that are shown in Table I. Mixtures are manufactured to meet cperaccor.a' 37-cci fications , such as dielectric cons cant, flash point, lird point, density, per cent chlorine, and color. These commercial mixtures may vary from batch to batch. Table LII cescrihe-i the chemical makeup of sever si cuirccer:ial PCS mixture. CS:*'.-'. 17' sc L a b o r ; C h a p t e r X'-' I I o : L a b o r : P a r t I - 10 : :l*o e r p l c y e s i sr Occupational ;a fetv and Health AdmlniOccupational ?2f2Cv ar.d 'icalt': itan.3ar.i rb. er-id bv thr Iter dards c: Che Ac t. A 1 11 On i T \2~ ______ "T h is product ton t 3ins ? o l v c r . l o r i n a t e i I i ? ~y 1s ?C 3 sl. Care should be tax to prevent entry into the er.viror.~ent through s p i l l s , cakage. u se, vap orizatio n , or d isp o sa l o f Liquid or c o n t a i n e r s . Avoid prolonged o c a f i n g of vapors or m is t s Avoid c o n t a c t with eves or prolonged c o n t a c t with s v : n I f s k in e s n e a c t o c c u r s , remove by w a s h i n g w i t h s o a p ar.d w a t e r . F o l l o w i n g e / e . i n t a c t . f l u s h w i t h w a t e r , In case of s p i l l a g e onto c l o t h i n g , the c l o t h i n g should be removed as soon is p"3C t ic a l, skin washed, and c l o t h i n g l a u n d e r e d . " Pair 1 C- l " NPC00007443 t i 770082 / j f .1 I f t 1111>tu ............................................ .*11- "" J - 0|ni.ilil^|,u|| | * p il u l.ip U itfJ 4 ITi I m u 1 . . _____ ___ i - /* 1 1 , | * - ( i f a li I li* uf /l p l i t ' i i l 1 t , ( ' Dl< .............. . >|') ( > i l 1 , ) * P l f M t - m i ljl ***'l 1 1,1 1 * l i l a 1*1*# tpl*lpt** 1 f , | * l(1|litllil|iluaf 1 1 . 4 * - l)| I, It t >il* 1 |*l- M* l 1 , ^ , ) I r 1* j I u i +*m 1 1 , 1 , ) .* 1 i l l <it ( < - I l l a l |y i 1 / , ! , % * * T i 1i li ___________ | , 4 a J ' - La I il I $ , *, i ' , 4 * ** 1 1 i l a i. t*J pitan/ 1 |aa 3 ** * 1 n 11 % li i t i f b l i l piar **f * 4 * * l l t t l t i | t > n ! fi t n l i | l | , ^ t I 1 , V - 1 a i i a f h i i > i k t u l p i .> ( / , 4 , 1 , 4 * I r i * < ) !* I ' 1 1<> t . . ^ V . . J 1 .? i *rif t , 4 , t , i , * 1 , * * * i t i a t < 11 4 ^ i ' - h r < l i l i " >!>< | *<* 1^ . i j . t a _______ T . I J A I . ' . I',, 1 ' . *" . i - . ' M r ! . * / } _____t i . V - . 1 * . 1* . V . h r i , t l . l t i . f j fl0Xk\A rucun* w *(r:in ^| c u ii,a t,iV i ^ u V 'i I .* * i | 1 ' I / 1' 1 1 ) 1 U 1 i1 11 < |JI . f ) J l , l f ' 1 <1 ' . - " I lt **l c i i V ' < U ll./U l`i ? V 1 I1 'k.< I m i " ,>:if Ci jii.'RIn 1(10 i l-t* ) ir, i I1 .0 i.d 7J1.D 2 J I,<1 in .n 2 /I. t.u o IV M IV i Jv * .% ZM, 1 IV l.l 14 /.a m .a 7-i i ;i 1.11 i / . 11 i * . ' . ti i l 'I ` lu l* tln . K* HriTim: ., i). ( >1 . i t v i . 11 Itv m i r i n. M I l.4 i l l . l ) n ( n.i r . * (*> * \ n i- 3; 41 ( 1 1 . 1 1 /O M I '1 41 ( l i l i U1 71 l 1 l . ) J 41 l l . s l un l'.U . ; s , \a u i- . 1 ;. ( - s i M i ; . i <i l**fl li.l ( J . .M l a i n : ,, c - > 1 1. > o 1.1 u n 0 l u i I 1.1 *.1 t i l 17 ( ' 1 l i l i .MI .. *M 1 f U . . | ***O O O O O dM CcOOo T k.t .. r r . , .'.." i ' > ( t u it) Hi (si.M Iju .t) l/i (*11.0 If im . in at 111 i - it IW v l.'.i i l ; I iVI ,M MIU I me me .LI. 1L soitiaitm VATI irmol mi umretinmisui ru tili w i k i. * r i uU : roc f<n>!. V, loi, > /f /l ItUtfl, *. aol. I1n1tuiii. Vva.a1O.fla1. Val,.toal*l. i l.'ili |! e* a,a, , * ! . (bat) a l.a a l. I u tiu a i-* ) aa fi 6 H ** V laaal. v, al.aal, a .a l.a o l --i "i!* * -- <%*> TABLE I I TRADENAMES "OR KMOWN PCS COSTAI SING PRODUCTS TRADE SAME TRADENAJ?. OWNER ( !ANC?ACTURZR) Abcstol Aroclr Chlorextol Clcphen Di a d o r Dykar.ol Decach Lorod iph er.y l i DK> Elemex Fenclor lyvo l Inerteen Kanechlor Nofistol Phenoclcr Pyraier.e Pyranal S a f- 7-:luh 1 S r.to thenr. :vo 1 ' ;; P7 \2, \* *Trerr. 1 ;* ucts American Cerp. ESAi Monsanto Company 'JSAj A l l i s - C h a l n e r s (ESA) F a r b e n f a b r i k e n Bayer GmbH (Germany) Sangacro E l e c t r i c -USA) Federal P a c i f i c E l e c t r i c Co. (USA) CaffBro S.P.A. (Italy ) McGrav Edison (USA) Caffaro 5.P.S. (Italy) Aerovox Westinghouse E l e c t r i c Coro. USA) Kanegefuchi Chemical Industry le*. Ltd. Wagner E l e c t r i c Corporation USA) Prode Lee ( F r a nc e Prode lec -, France' General E l e c t r i c Co, -.USA SCuhIman E l e c t r i c i.U5A) M i t s u i b i s h i -Mensa r t o %J a p o n U.S.S.R, Moissntn ' V . *c-. n-_-u frrr.ulstaJ ir. the U.5. 30 not c o n t a l r rC2 . Note: rCB-conts1- i r : di*: 1er t r i e s { e l e c t t i r s', i n s u l a t o r s are g e - e r a '. l y r-: : ~r r . 1 to as a sea re. 3 cre e i c : rica', i^dus: r ., i 'I rt Pag C-l c NPC00007445 |T ?* * ----- - ------ - ----- ' - I V . ^ . ' . U m l jL iM m , ' r jj M i> 'r w a 8 n tS W ti i i i i f i'i1 iir t tt H iiiT r itt r t T n ^ ^ M ii~ fc' i i t i ' i i iii i r i l l t r i -- r i - ir - j n n ^ ii ^ ~ ir 'a iM ii- " > xT i -- -. 770084 nrI- Cm(1NU0 o> T,W ' J L - U J . i;!U,rT70M r,ni MTXTi'ii.rs Approximate Chl ori ne Content Component a Hiplicny l Monoc.li Ku oli I pliuny ! .1 L)J eli lot obi plumy 1*i Ti J cliJurulli plieny i a 'l et ruli loro!) I plumy 1a Pent neb loroM plieu* 1s Ik-xnclt Ktrob 1plumy1a llep t dell 1j Octacli Itll ub 1plirliy 1 i Honncli 1otulii plu-.ny 1 Aroe l o r t ?.2 1* Aroe l or 1016*, 217. A27. 11 51 32 A 2 03 none detected none detect ft! none i * 1ec l ed ^ai l 20 57 21 1 < at none detec ted none det ec <.*' Aroc Lor 1262* A27. <. HI 1 16 A*) 25 l ou none d*' tec t ed Ai n-. lor 12V.* *jA7. < III <l a* i 21 A8 23 6 none de tec red Aroclor 1260+ 607. Kanechlor 300 A27. 12 * 38 Al 8 1 17 60 23 Ou Kanechlor AOO-t A87. 3 33 AA 16 5 Kane clt 1c * 500t 5: 5 2? 55 n I t must be empita:.I z , 2 tluit t hese are n p p i.M lmat:e composi t i n n o f the PCB mixtures and Lhat a p a r t i c u l a r produce, may vary in cbemlcn! ..' * ! n n from bardi lu )*lu-creii*lit p e rc e nt . None det ect ed ^ leas than 0,017.. Source of component compos ' . ,n > "on san to Company, quoted in llu r/inp.ii i*, 0. ,et aL, op. c l t , p, 23. - Percent . Source of component eumpoj. It ' . *' in ustori, A., !'C" Mews 1c r r e r , Mo. *3, luly i y 7 l , quoted in llutziup.er, 0 . e t a l , op. e l i . . , p. 23. i Percent. Source >.i -wnen L compos * t> i, N. , e t a l . , op. c l t . . , n . 1637. NPC00007446 < U5KS ( 7 , 1 0 , 1 2 . 1 3 , 1 4 , 1 6 , 2 0 . 2 3 . 2 5 , 2 6 ) Polychlorinated biphenyls have a wide ar.pl.ica cion in indus Cry, c h i e f l y owing to t hei r s p e c i a l i n s u l a t i n g ar.d w a t e r - r e s i s t a n t p r o p e r t i e s , t h e i r chemical s t a b i l i t y , and t h e i r flame r et a rd an e e. Their uses are: 1. D i e l e c t r i c mediums, c ap a c i t o r ar.d transformer o i l s . 2. Inpregnants for cotton or a s b e s to s - f:h e r in su latio n , as constituents o f as pha l t- ba se wire impregnating compounds ar.d as p l a s t i c i z e r s in wi re- coating compounds. 3. Sealant and expansion media for e l e c t r i c a l i n s u l a t o r s , 4. P r o t e c t i v e c oat in gs tor wood, metal ar.d c o n c r e t e . 5. In combination with d i - 2 - e t h y I h e x y l phth&lare, as c o p l a s t i c i z e r s f o r polyvinyl chloride compositior.s. 6. Paint film hardeners. 7. Adhesives composition - in combinations with polyvinyl a c e t a t e , ethyl cellulose, chlorinated rubber, polyvinyl butyral, isoprene-styrene copolymer, and polyi s o l u t y l e n e . 8. Lubri cant s, mineral anc vegetable o i l s . 9. Heat t r a n s f e r media. 1C, Fi r e - r e s i s t an: p a i n t s , and f iberboard. 11 Ir. moisture pr o o t e r s. r 12. Woo: o r e s a r v ^ r s . 13. CiVJ 1 li. ^ ,,,, 77 .c ' , 14. Carhor.lv s = - r o o t t d u c > 2 pat . 15. ?sp-:r ce - I r - ' i n g p r o c s SOS. 15. I:i ccncc- - ! O. 17. S o 1vents for ru :: e r or =ni 1 .me. 1 ?. La c q ue r , V r r . 1 > 7 , ,s i l r.s, gums. 19. Crankass 0 1 a d d i t i v e . - 0 . Tn dV 2 e Lite 0 - : L :T.. , . * 1fc I" ht rnl 0 ; ;c 0 - : -.nse - ` n ; 1"I ^T * 1 -- * - tvt : - C' p- *. VCi ; ( **"** * r , =1 f l ui d s for dra -1 i c 25. Ch 1or ; a t ed : ?' o' e nv i s , as we 11 as ?r z` 3 , a r : us*' ; ir . some to mu l a : l ens of wax t o r : n / . = *. : ?C3s i t r emp' t . i : c ap a c i t o r s s~-i a: di : *.e c : lo - rj ? e r . t ; - t i e ' s : a" i 11*. r . : : i cause t '-.ev t -- i--; a t t r a c t i v e . s : cr c e . ; . a : e 1y p r : = _ of a l l cove : : :p : - * "5 c o - t t - 7v . -nr l apo .. '.vc : r lc - c Ll i t y l i n e s , in a i r c : r d i : : ? " s r *. =-c t - t * s b a l l a s t . ixcures . .-.ppr 2xi -.2 : a 1-* V of x ra::s:-:r-*er? are ?'.~t t i l l e d sic e t s s j : i l i e d c ont ains betwesr -0 and :CC a l l o n s of ?C5S 22QUI C 235 gallm'' i k Bversa^'.. Capacitors used ir. li ght -i-g and a i r co nd it io n in g aop 1ir s r i . - - 5 c on t a i n C. 0 05 to .09 aallons of PC3 per u n i t , The l a r g e s t power c ap a c i t o r s c ont ain about c . 7 e a l l o n s of PCBs. Paee ' NPC00007447 ~ Till 770086 a eg i rn. t ..jt, i*i i : i e Mari'. t o C-v ; t r v . v . ! r : n : a r i s a l e s of.PC3s to cl osed system. c L c l c c t r ' c p p l i z z z i - j r . < mers . v HEALTH HA2AK5S ( 3 , 5 , 6 , 1 2 , 1 3 , U , l t i , 1 8 , 2 0 . 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 u , 2u > r*-- 1 r . v* e i : t ? h c ~ r: 5 : t c i \ c:i:' =oiLor* sr.c t r a r l s f o r The health hazards of the polychioi inated biphenyl ka^e keen known for many years. PC3s are poorly metabolized and tend to acrsT.j 1a i r animal t i s s u e s , including Immans. The ac cuctu la t i c - , p a r t i c u l a r l y in t i s s u e s and organs r ic h in l l p i d a , appears to be higher in the case of pe*Ua and more i.ig'ilv c h l o r i n a t e d bipheny U . Exposure to the chlorcrbiphor.vls can r e s u l t in hot1, 1 a 1 snc s ys t e - . i c e f f e c t s . The routes of entry into the body car. be through i n ha l at io n of the fume cr vapor, percutaneous asborption of the liquid or ingestion. The l oc al e f f e c t s from a prolonged s k i n c o n t ac t wit h *: j fume or l i q u i d are skin eruptions -1such as conedcres, sebaceous c y s t s an:: pust .iles , kr.cvr ns c h l o r a e n e ) , pigmentation c : the s k i n ar.d n a i l s , e x c e s s i v e eye d i s c h a r g e , s wel l ing o f eyeLids, and d i s t i n c t i v e h a i r f o l l i c l e s . Acute cr chronic exposure car. produce varying degree,- of l i v e r damage depending on the amount o f c h l o r i n e in the c 0" sound and the o re- ex: s t i r s s t a t e of the l i v e r . i n d i g e s t i o n , ahi .v-;ir.aL p a i n s , and u l i v e r has a l s o occurred. cl.iefly in th rrcuuct Lon z i c.t.ireos ''L i s t o f S-.ispectod Carcinogens (19751 r ' . I t is e a t i r s ted., bv NICSH , chat h e i r jobs to 7'Ios . which are u ano tran s : 0 rr.e r The `. i t e r a :r-. r -, tee.."*.* t f * /er esp. ' i ' . : 0 1 c h l o r i n a t - J hlphor./ls. Ar.. . ^ t : . i j * j a r e :h? i e l lowing; C' 'L 1. > ' ;i g s, e t . a l . , noted : v " - c a j r ; c ' " i l i -0 elicsi ve : ; j ex co s ; :** t e r n i : :e* v a te : 0 : Aro:*.?:- :**'*-: :n 1i r i 1: *.r -no 3 * -- i rv- uo - fiL- il Pass S C-17 nVifte.i- ~ *'*'**: NPC00007448 770087 \ > r L C outbreak c f poisoning In Japan Yusho o 1? i a a ` t r i e ir.v 1 -ct , I - people (as o f April 30, I S 7 0) , v'::o inin. sited ?2I co tit.-..-air.a inf. r i c br.v. a i l ; o r a period of s everal mentis. Tlie contamination c : the n i l e s : i~.-. tad 1, ;GC to 2,000 ppmi occurred when heat t r a n s f e r pipes crr.tdinir.c FII-s:, rsed in the o i l during processi ng, developed pinsized " ' e i i s . The c n e - i c a l a s p e c t s o f the poisoning ir.ciuced f a c t s u e , headaches f pair, in j o i n t s . anemia, chloracne, brown pigmentation o f the skin and n a i l s . a i s : L"-v ive h a i r f o l l i e lea . increased eve discharge . s we ll i nc c f ye '. ; d i . terns ie.n-1 v i s u a l d is t ur b an c es , and vonit ing with systemic gsst r u i n t ^ i . i :al svxpcons and j aundi ce. If. some p a t i e n t s , symptoms p er s i s t e d three year* a f t e r ?C3 exposure was di sconti nued. I n f a n t s born to poisoned mother' had decreased b i r t h weights, abnormal eye d i s c h a r g e s , and shewed shin J i s c c l o c a t i o n due to PCB pla ncen tal passage. Two s t i l l b i r t h s n PC3 exposed women were also reported. The latency period between Lr.ges t i o r nf o il me the onset o f c l i n i c a l signs and symptoms were g e ne r a l l y found to be from 5-6 months. In a dd i t i o n , there are many repo rt s In the l i t e r a t u r e d e s c r i b i n g animal e x p e r iments performed using poly ch lo ri nat ed biphenyls, 1. In a monkey study by Allen, s i x adult female rhesus monkeys were fed the PCB Aroc lor 12-5 at a level o f 15 ppm. for 2 months. F a c t s ! ecema a l o p a c i a , and acne developed wi t hi n 1 month, and cr.e animal died as a r e s u l t o: PCB I n t o x i c a t i o n 2 months a f t e r removal f r o " the experimental d i e t , In addition to the above changes, t h i s animal bed anemia, *. poorer a inem.ia-, severe h yp er t ro ph i a, h y p e r h l a s t i c g a s t r i t i s and bene marrow hypopl asia. 2. In a r a t study, Bruckner o b se rv e d, upon adr. i n i s t r s r i . c n o f r i c h doses o f PCBs, 01 t oxic s i t ns vh ich inc ludid d i a r r h e a . thrcm.cc t e r yyr r h e a , l a s s o f body weight, unusual stanca end g a i e , lack o f response to pair, s t i m u l i , and terminal a t a x i a . Pro gres si ve dehydration and c e n t r a l nervous s v " m c e p r e -.- s i m eppaorei to be c m t r i b u t ing foe tor in car t s '.Lt.-. His :c;. t the 1 a 11- t a : ; cr.s vs re vident only ir. the l i v e r ano .-.ter.-.-. s . 3. PCs have also caused l i v e r cancers and r e p r o i u c t i v * f a i l u r e : in U v c r i m r , . ar.ir.c 1; . 4. ?CBs ha'--- prcduceJ .'aricus repr-t 'uc : iv-; ,,meet s in .: summarizes these a f f e t t a . Tsr' T o x i c o l o g i c a l s tudies of FCBs are compile: . bv the , ' ab irs c f mixtures o f many isomers 1with p o t e n t i a l l y c 1 f i e r i 7 c t . . t les St . bsen fu r th er complicated by the recen t di s c eve rv the t tv . matches o f cc ' t i a ?Co~ manufactured in France and Germany': err.: a ir.ee high I y t o x ic c o n t a~ i : ants , almost c e r t a i n l y ch lo ri nat ed diber.zoiurans . 'Cl h: s . Anctler f a c t o r t h s : must b*? CCT. d*T-' * *, -i ; - ; J -, Ir : "~e h.'.carc : * =- ; i ; s 3 *] ^. *nt "q v ^' v * * r i z 3 - ' " : r : : *; ' " !*r,, . l t ^ a r = : e lm,,;- . ` 'Si ; -'- \ --^ *, ' ' " _5 ' ; _ \ . ~* f- . ,\i"C:.*N7 Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Oxygen I n e r t Gases Hydrogen Chloride 0 . 3 ". 9.3 0.6 1.5 97.3 100.0 . v -" *^-t - NPC00007449 mtr a a... i.. *i-'; ..aiBej Page 9 w- '; 1i 770088 * Threshold Linie Volue Both the Threshold Value- (TLV) ( 1 9 7 5 ) , published by the American C^nffereiJce of Covernmenta1 Hygi eni st s, and the Time-Weighted Average ' TVA)(197 5 ) , adopted by the Occupational S afet y and Healcn Administration are cite samt val ue. They re as follows. Chlorod: pheny 1 <2--, Chlorine) Chlorod i piicr. ,l .5^71 Chlorine) " S k i n " - TLV = l m g / ^ 3 TWA = Irr.?, .3 " S k i n " - TLV = 0 . 5mg.-`. tva = 0.5mg-: PRODUCT AND PUBLIC LIAS I :AZARD> ( 5 1 0 , 1 6 , 2 0 , 2 4 , 2 5 , 2 6 ) The most notevorcl c a s e o f FCB poisoning occurred in Japan in 1963, V, en q u a n t i t i e s of r i c e c i ! r : n-.'c contaminated by PC3s tha leaked from a heat exchanger. An epi dc-. ; "rice o il disease" occurred Kyushu Uni vers i : \* i ` epar. reported on recent medical o b se rv a ti on s mace on 1,-91- r i c e o i l d l s e v . s ? A ' ' e*.ts who ware s t i l l s u f f e r i n g more than seven years a f t e r thi.ir exposure ?7f levels in ti s s u e s have falLen to nearly the level in the normal p o p u l a t i o n . 3~d skin co ndi ti ons have improved, but h a l t the p a t i e n t s s t i l l complained o f r . ; ec : : ve symptoms, which appe - 'ed to have 1t e n s t r i e d . : t h e r a c c i d e n t s * : '*: o c c u r r e d v h i c '' i n v o l v e d the d i r e c t concr*r. inat i - - o f a n i . - 1 f eeds, vhi z `r , turn, caused human foot to becor Foul i r ; 3r.J s uc t i contaminated as s r e s u l t c i h e st : ra:. s fee f lu: 1 : - j r i ":; t h a t p a s t e u r i c a t ion of f i s h ~ cc-c p c ner.: ) . ( das ` Z>..'a:t " er-r.incl I n c i d e n t ; Wi Inai n tor.. 7/7*1). ,i -n; j 1 j - "* <i : . n. i c --- The T'f r i : ' i o l lows; Page 10 C-17 -Zr ^ NPC00007450 770089 I FDA PERSIAN"'*7 7ni/RAi.*CSS FOR PCS RESIDUES ( FOOD TOLERANCE* Milk Dairy Products Pou11ry Eggs Complete Animal Feeds Animal Feed Components (i ncl udi ng fi sh meal') Fish I n fa nt and .Junior "nod Food-Packaging Materials 2.5ppm ( f a t b a s i s ) 2.5ppm ( f a t b a s i s ) 5pp.v. ( f a t b a s i s ) 0.5ppm ( r a t b a s i s ) 0 . 2pprj 2pptn 5ppm (Edi bl e port ion) 0 . 2 ppm 10 ppm *The t o l er an c e l e v e l s w i l l he p e r i o d i c a l l y reviewed by FDA w i lt Wp made where neressarv, The major source r z exposure bo che general public to PCBs appears to be jv i n g e s t i o n or f i s ; ' tr. : .e oie: contaminated wi t1* ?c."s. Recen tl y, report's "=.ve discussed, the water p o ll u ti on prchier.s chat have a r i s e n iron the c i ? tr. 2 r..e z f ?C3 contaminated wastes i nt o waterways, e . g . Hudson River and La^c r c a r i o . I t has beer, reported that s t r i p e d ba.;s fro: the Hudson River a-d - 2 .-er. from Lake Ontario co- tained dangerously " i c r . e v e l s of PCrs . l e v e l s in e ve : _3 r : 5 ppm1 ami as a r e s u l t cor.su-.ers wen- warned net to eat these f i s h . The -ai r. problem i s t hat ?C3 does not r e a s i l y d e e r s f e . I t p e r s i s t s a n c , i f d i s ^ a - t v 1 in the environment in s u f f i c i e n t volumes. a ra iwal accumulation in u s r t s t * ^to l r b-io= 1 stems oou i r e s u l t . r*a~'ge to b o i l e r s i - i rath i rery nay in which cas e, h - 'c m i v o i s r e c u r s , or at iSi t .. fch. cx _ . jl h :: T .e:al;. *:;-jr if elevated ?Chs are a x o j j i i to tarper tur-ci I" r.r Lt * r-: S'.'.--' H/1 = . i H , : . 3 . 2 i ) . orina:ed bin he- v Is as defined l a t e l e i Askare is ^ e - e r a l l y des crih svr.c r.s t i c , t"i 1 e r 1 " d10 J d: ve arbor, insula reat t 0 r ~' a : 0 icoes = : r er: operated ccn.-.i i : i s ; i ; t 2 5 5 5 -; "> T 12* E. ASTM and ine :.*acional ' . c a r i c a : k J - - .j'.'t I |figa^v.v.tfwtk. Page 11 C-l? NPC00007451 770090 %1 r\ -i- PC3 MIXTURE ArucLor 1242 Aroclor 2 5 * Aroclor 1260 Arccicr .251 Arcelor 125" Aroclor 1ZT-- Arcelor 124 t TABLE IV REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS CE ?C3s IN ANIMALS ANIMAI ROUTE CF ADMINISTRATION EFrECTN Chickens Mallards 3ohw:(i ce c ?hea sa r : Vf: - v Fera L-_ Feeding Feed i rtg Feed ira F* c 2 l nr ro q,' ; - - - Aroc1er 1242 ar.d 1254 reduced eyg pre duc r i o " and h a i c h a b i l i t y and csa see '.bin e g g s h e l l s . Aroc le r L2Su reduced no :iar::*.ful e f fee i s . No ad 'e rse e f i e c c s . Reduced egs o roduc t Lor. nd a rch al: Mi :v. v.'erc a i*?c : -id ros:odur l i o n . Reduced a b i l i t y `_o recor preg-.a:: rrea' iarci e* : produced sna11 i r. fa-'.cs with PCBs in : LS S'J s . | \ i I ( t ;4 | i i b I t t I i. i Page L2 'frV-; C-17 ' '*,? HTri NPC00007452 ifis i 770091 Underwriters L a b o r a t o r i e s has per reined f - a m r s ' - i l i : . t e s t s or. sot:- Aroclors (PGBs) and compared then to o t he r mater: a Is. The following are l i s t e d v c fLUI3 Ether FIAMM-ABILITT RATIN'" 100 Gasoline 9 0 - ICO Ethyl Alcohol 6 0 - 70 Kerosene { 1 0 0 F .P .) 30- 0 Mineral Oil 10- 20 *A ro clo r 1 2 6 2 ,1 2 5 6 & 1016 2- 3 * ( Ar o cl or i s a trademark o f .Monsanto Company) An i n c r e a s e in the f i r e hazard o f the ?C3s car. occur when they are in the form o f a mist or atomized d r o p l e t s . Such a c on di ti on could e x i s t when a leak or a pin size d-h cle develops ir. a closed-system containing PC3s; i . e . , heat exchangers, hydraulic systems, etc. CONTROL MEASURES ( 1 , 1 6 , 1 . 9 , 2 6 ) Manufacturing equipment and operating procedures should he sareguar ed a g a i n s t l o s s o f ?CEs to the environment through proper containment and d i s p o s a l procedures. Enclosed systems c f s ealed piping, properly gasketed j o i n i n g s ," a I v e s , c o n t a i n e r * , and processing chambers should be used for any port ion of the o p e ra t io n where PCS temperature? may exceed 5 ?C1131 F ) . Enclosure should p r e f e r a b l y extend to a l l et her portions c : the s vs tec. i n s o f a r as. p r a c t i c a b l e . , , i ..i s r . . pro vi si on s should -e es t a r i i shea 2 r cur.I a ! 1 ?T3 pr;,c ss s i r - areas tr- e- s . s i r , in * : vc r ; er : loss : o s ewe r : vs : er s b ao i I a ; a . lea.*: . or e t h e r i. c e n t rp 1 led c o r I t . o n 5 or e v e n ; t . To avoid 1er " : - c f PCs a : e drums used should -e o f heavy c onst r : c c l r n ; s i x t e e n gauge c e : = 1 3" u1h be osee , vi t : specie*. r in s e a l and :-> const rue t i c u. The drums s'"ouUi re i r a . n e d 23 e m o l e : * ! 5 la and then 'lush-:: twice wish a kerosene type s c i - e n t to reno*-.a a i l -*:t I i 2 - . J.' , : : - c s sh o u ld be c o l l e c t e d and ' =. i n ci n e r a t e d i t ' Lgh t - - - " i t r e : :cco -r, to destroy th p*. l y c i l o r inated bipneny I s . Conditioning of new ?C3s or r e c y c l e s 7-13s : - t r e use : i u i . e r 1s >arth* The spent f u l l e r ' s e a r t h , m c a r t r i d g e s or hags, whet .-placed sh o u ld be allowed t o drain thoroughly over drip pans to remove as "uc* li quid ?C3 as p o s s i b l e , "he c a r t r i d g e uni ts , ot s t e e l nesh c on s t r u c t i o n sreuib b* placed i"1 the " S t e e l Contaminate with PCz'' c o n c a i - e r : : r d i s p o s i t i o n , Cloth ba?.s f i l l e d with f u l l e r ' s e ar t h should be olaced in the " 3 c r a c Burnable Wast c o r t a . - e r ter d i s p o s i t i o n . I f 0 i t ,:as t: c -cut*:. . 1-?t - 1 ir.scl-' t i *- ri or lit-*. 1 . so : ~ t t . 0 : '7..-; ? .. t 1 ; re : *r "it r. to s r -tc-j. '-.s " o . t s _ . : cos" . ' s.-cti.-* ' is. : Because of the problems a s so ci at e d v t t h the h ea lt h hazards and the dis posal of PC5s( much work has been devoted to the s u b s t i t u t i o n o f a s a f e r - a t e r i a l for transformer and c a p a c i t o r use. Among those m a t e r i a l s b e i rg st udied a r e : r^- 1. Diisononyl Fht ii al at e -*Ix:ccn Chemical 2. Dichlorobtpheny 1 plus i t s a l k v 1. d e r i v a t i v e - F ra nc e 's Prodeiec 5 . A. 3. Polydlmethyi S il o x a n e - Dow Corning 4. outy laced Mor.oehlo rod .phenyl Cxid? - Dow Chemical s< MeCraw S e i s m . V f - * -- --------' l l ! M l i l r JV t t - i m a i I i n i ) i i i i ` n - n M i f c l i a h r f h i m i l i - m NPC00007453 13 770092 % Personal Pro tect ive Equipment: Because of the health hazards a ssociatc d with ?C3s, personal p ro t e c t i v e equipment, including sicin p r o t e c t i o n and r e s p i r a t o r s , should be worn by a l l those who come int o c on tact with the chemical. Operating procedures should be such as to minimize or e l i m i n a t e c o r t a c t with PCBs. L'se of eye p r o t e c t i o n i s recommended. The use o f porous gloves t h a t can absorb and r e t a i n PCBs Is to be avoided. S af et y g l a s s e s v ^ h s ide s h i e l d s or a face s hi el d should be worn when handling PCBs. I t should be s t r e s s e d to workers t hat hands should be washed with warn water and soap befo re e a t i n g , d r i n k i n g , smoking, or using t o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s . STORAGE AVD SHIPPING ( 2 . U . 2 M Storage In s t or i ng poly ch lo ri nat ed biphenyl s take every precaution to guard the PCB from exposure to high humidity and rro i s t ore e e n t a r i r a t i o ' * . Keep a l l s to ra g e drums o f PCB dry; lav st ored drums on t h e i r s lues with the buna at the hi ghes t point from f l oo r to keep water o f f the drum read which can b e sucked : nto the PCB by the dr*.', " b r e a t h i n g " ' . This precaut ion is not 'ecessar y when drums are stored ir.doors . vhlc*: is ' the pr ef e rr ed p 1ace for st orag e. str S h ip p ing The l i q ui d poI*-'chlcrina*.ed b i p ^ er v l s a r i parked ar.d shipped in z s t e e l drurs or in tank c ar s c onst ruct ed c : non ru sr ir maral.? such as t i n - coat i. j metal. The r e . ;: :us rucu-.: : s t r e pack ; =- ; ieood Ir up- - - 'in galvani z\ : - s : ? t 1 dru::?, i : : ' = h i ?h - 1: 1" r i o l i ': p r - . . - : , e r i p,. . bag-;. a r t i __ US iF^ ne : e 3j rep i-:c bv p j r r- I . D l i. I s' I KACAPCKl'S ?3CE2u?.Ec ATiD _, I \ 3 Tre hazard in hard l i r e the PCBs i s rlie p o s s i c i it;, of a ?o i ! i . p i l l s c- : PCBs should be removed pror.pt!y bv nears of absorpe ve m a t e r i a l , such as savuus:, or trapped and removed by pur.pir.g or ot her s u i t a b l e means. Page l& C--17 n i a rm a u* I> NPC00007454 770093 % Wiper rags, c l o t h i n g , and ot her extraneous m a t e r i a l s s at ur at e d with ?CBs should be c o l l e c t e d wi thi n the containment area for properly c o n t r o l l e d disposal. DETECTION ANT) DETERMINATION* (1) A ir Sampling Principle: Airborne PCBs are absorbed in toluene by drawing the a i r through or.e or more f r i t t e d bubblers or i n pi r g e r s in c y l i n d e r s f i l l e d with t oluene. A f t er a s u i t a b l e amount o f a i r i s sampled, the scrubbing s ol vent i s d i l u t e e or c o n c e n t r a t e d , and i n t e r f e r i n g components, 1: p r e s e n t , are removed by chemical treatment and column absorption c h rj ra to gr apn v. The amount and type o : PC3s present are determined by e l e c t r o n capture gas chromatography (ZC/GC). Sampling: The a i r to be st rr' .ed for ai rb o rn e PCBs i s drawn through a gas scrubber (or scrubbers) and a measuring device using a labo rat ory vacuum pump. Hie sampling flow r at e is cent re lied by bleedi ng in a i r vi a a needle valve locat ed between the pump and i r e meter. (See Figure I) FIGURE I t 1 C ^ i> iii^rnTvii'aiiiiiiiiriaBiiT'"r'~ NPC00007455 _. ;~1----- -- . 770094 Contamination: In determining rC3s by e l e c t r o n capture gas chromatography, la bo r at o ry sources of contamination can be * major problem. The sanpics ana e x t r . t cs should never be allowed to c z i z c in c on tact with m a t e r i a l s other than g l a s s , T 7 c - ? l u r o carbon, or metal. AIL labo ra to ry glassware and equipment should be cleaned to ensure against the p o s s i b i l i t y of contamination. Water Samp line Principle: The PCiis in water find sediment sanpics are e xt r act ed i n to an organic s ol vent (usuall y hexane' . I n t e r f e r i n g components arc then removed from the e x t r a c t s by chemical `.re-v.-ier t and column absorpt ion chromatography. The amount and type o f ?C3s present i r e determined by e l e c t r o n capture gas chromatography. The a n a l y t i c a l procedure i s s i m i l a r to that already d es c r i b e d . FIRST-AID 0 , 7 , 2 d ) i f skir. cc ntac t vi th the ?C3s o c c ur s , wash the skin immediatelv with soap and water. I f c 1o c h i- g ha> Vee* contaminate d , remove promptly. eye c o n t a c t nay y^ r ult in pain i r r 1 1 a t . on . rC'ds in the ey ns should be removed pv i r r l a a t - n o w L t h water f e r a t l e a s : iv t.inures, As with a l l eye f i r s t - a i d , r e f e r tu a physi- c can. Ingestlsr. cr svail a - =.r. occupational p r tb l e o r . . s i r i "t should be consu n ? C 3 s can occur, bu*. i t i s not g ener al r e a c t del r.dus t r y . Should a c c i d e n t a l i n g e s t i o n occur . a ior. or e"' a t o rr i : = 3 1*3Ct l- *t Iher C o n ti' sC 3T.C we it e r ; Saturated eart h or other absorbent Oiedic from f tartr.g opera: t on s. d Saturated a c r e s : or other a t so r pc ive o s t a r i a l a rC : 5 p i . . 3 i 5 Saturated : i I t e r s from vaper-cloud c e v i c e s anc her f i l t e r s . 6 Saturated waste? 'paper, r i g s , e t c . t 7 Saturated, spend materials, S PCE-contarur.dted vacuum pump o i l s , 9 FC2-contc-inet ed j e t vacuum system condensates. jb-rSOr -i tSvy'd Tf-itwiri NPC00007456 r 770095 Mettfcd o f Disoosa 1 : The ideal apprcadh is ro r n c a l l v LsoLate a l l e f f l u e n t streams that could be contaminated wI l!; PCBs curing manufacturing and processi ng p ro ces ses anc prevent there from being disc:-arsed from the plan t. PCB wastes should never be disposed of through e f f l u e n t drains or sewers. The utmost care must be e x c c r c i s e d to prevent accidence! loss o f PC3s by these avenues to the environment. Techniques that can be applied to reduce the PCS cont ent c f e f f l u e n t streams are carbon adsorpt ion, limestone beds, and sol vent e x t r a c t i o n c e . g . , t r i c h l o r o e t h y l e n e or a c e t o n e ) . These techniques tray be r:osr u s e f u l In c l eani ng up water used in plant processing and to permit r e c y c l i n g . Reclaiming o f pi'Bs i s u sually f e a s i b l e only with r e l a t i v e l y unconlami nated l i qu i ds and should he c a r r i e d out only i f there i s v i r t u a l l y no chance o f PCB l os ses to the environment. Present knowledge i n d i c a t e s that proper i n c i n e r a t i o n of liquid wastes containing ?C3s must involve a s u i t a b l e balance between dwell time and temperature in the i n c i n e r a t o r plus oxygen a v a i l a b i l i t y and, f i n a l l y , s ui t a b l e scrubbers to remove the HCI that w i l l be formed; for example, a 2 - second dwell time at . 0 9 3 C . 1 1 0 0 " ) and i " excess cxyce- ir. s ta ck gas. or a 1.5-secor.d dwell ti->e at l i S 2 "C ?.2~C0F) and 2" excess oxygen in s t a c k gas. These f a c i l i t i e s should meet the. appl i ca bl e requirements of the s t a t e in which they are lo cat ed, and should co nt r ol e f f l u e n t s within the l i m i t s sec f o r " by the l o c a l i t y or s t a t e . Open heart!', and ot her i n c i n e r a t o r s used for municipal r ef us e i n c i n e r a t i o n re no" normally s u i t a b l e . The r e l a t i v e l y lew o pe ra t in g temperature : : such equipment would only v c l c i c l i z * : PCBs and p o l l u t e the atmosphere. All s ol i d wastes that !,ave Sear, s aturated with PCS ? should be di - :-c s et oc by " si col iCvi~.v ; 1. The sat urat ed wastes should be placed int o leakproof t o n t e ! n e t - and transported to a supervisee dry l a n d f i l l s i : : n e s t i n g - s ta.ee * q u i r e a e n t s . A l t e r n e : iv-c1y , they can be disposed of by n c i - e r a t i - . in s e s t e - spproved f a c i l i t i e t , 2, Solid V"sc r' enr s u - : 1 : l an e: * s i t 3:- cent-. 1 -! IO ; - 1j 1": 5 1 : wastes to I..it"!"v l.V," u n d e r ;t : . -retteti"- In z e - a r s . t c: n> i then: . v ; : * . . : ~ : : . t r o v i t or.*- : p r o t e c t i o n cor the q u a l i t y c f si .ice and s u b s u r f a c e w a c s r - f r :* i z zt i* * . Ci2 . S deposited t herei n, a-c against ards to pur.lie health ant the r-ici s i t e s should be located or engi: zj vo zz ree l Ur v..a rT a- u .ic c-;n: ;h l : :y v t rn c surface and subsurface waters. Pace 17 * -j SB - I.w-f, IaMaattaua liriixfi'i NPC00007457 770096 * Encapsulation o f wastes in c on c re t e n r i c r to di spo sa l Ln a s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l has been used for small q u a n t i t i e s o f s o l i d s or sludges. There has been son-e research, perforat'd in Canada, where a new s t r e i n of b a c t e r i a that car. break down ?CUs in waste water, has been developed. This new method i s s t i l l in the experip.entai s t a g e , but shows promise. Pollution: The disposal of any o f the pnlych! . r i n a t e d biphenyls has beer, one of the major items of concern in the use o f t h is m a t e r i a l . The ?CBs are f i r e - r e s i s t a n t , noncorrosive, have high d i e l e c t r i c s t r e n g t h , and chemically they are i n c r e d i b l y s t a b l e . This i s the p c i n : o f concern. PCS does not r e a d i l y degrade. I t p e r s i s t s and, i f discarded :n the environment in s u f f i c i e n t volumes, a gradual accumulation in c e r t a i n ec o lo g ic a l systems can r e s u l t , PCBs contaminate the environment from the following: 1. Open burning or incomplete i n c i n e r a t i o n of s o l id was t es , municipal and i n d u s t r i a l . 2. Migration from surface co at in gs { p a i n t s , e t c . ) and packaging m a t e r i a l s i n t o foods 3nd feeds. 3. Municipal and some i n d u s t r i a l sewers (PC'ds present in t r e a t e d as well as untreated wastes). Accidental s p i l l s or improper wastes di spo sal p r a c t i c e ' s . 5. Formerly, t i r e c t a r p l i c c t i o n to the environment ingredients o: p e s t i c i d e s or as c a r r i e r s for e s t i c i d o s {such uses or ?C5s are ncv prch i : i : *;c ** . 6. Du-ping o: i '.uFge, m ur i t i p e l one incus t r la*, s -' lid waste, dredge spoil r : ? . Sewage slue?-* disputed c f on land, 8. S p i l l s sne lo-ssec ir. ths manufacturing o f e i t h e r ?CF: or ?C: 'n irg fluids. The F'" ^' r-fi ' ts d i - t o the *'j > r r m e r i c a n environ.** \z i ~ the pas' at* cc: c thr^e ~. =j ; r oonp r:.-er.:s in the environment: >'a.> bt.ric'. : * tohed to sediments .in r i v e r s and the T r e a t l a k e s ; {c> ie c o n t i n e n t a l s h e l f , A f urt her s u b s t a n t i a l quan ti ty c over the land and sea by a e r i a l f a l l o u t and vy d i s p e s _ . Frans FTl-a within the environment is expected to take place bv ' l l r.g mai" r c j t c - s t a* .'r l a t i 1i t a c i o n , a c r ; * . l transport or p a r t i c u l a t e s , snn tiiL O u t" o .e a t: s a t ; r e r . t transr-rr*. :n " . v e r s arc rr. Szs k a 1 1 c v : a tvt c cc t n . C: o f ? ZZ s i ~ l i l ? are 1 . r- - t l l t t r pwercs. An ; i . m i l . i t p._ - . : f _ r PCi s produced a ' e s t i l l tr. s e r v i c e . ?A has e r t i r a t e t ' hat l a ; :;tsr* h a l f tee PC3 ever produced VfFC> m i l l i o n p c . n i s i '-ave entered the en*, i r ; of trie amount, only about 10 percent <;50 i i 1ion pounds.- are estimate:- t : r.a e a e t - i d e i or been in ci nera ted; 300 m i l l i o n pounds are estimated to be in l a n d f i l l s a : t h is t i n e ; 150 m il l io n pounds are estimated to be in a i r , water, s o i l , and bottom sediments. r\ t* Page 18 017 *m *WM MKirtalb -**f * Mi HPC00007458 V r^W rm 770097 FIG. 2 770098 Although, a : p r e s e n t , the use o f PCBs in the U.S, i s r e s t r i c t e d tc " c l o s e d " systems, an i n d u s t r i a l e s t i m a t e i s t hat up to 55TL of " c l o s e d " transformers nay n ot , in r e a l ic y be c l o s e d . One weak point for transformer leaks could be gaskets in the leads. Another could be the o i l level viewing g l a s s e s that may break on o cca si on . Old or d e f e c t i v e c a p a c i t o r s might be deposited in. L a n d f i l l s where they may be broken during the burying p r o ce s s; t h e i r ?C3 content could escape, and could eventually percolate to a stream. In Che I'niLed S t a t e s , 5 ppm remains the allowable l i m i t in the e di b l e por t i o n c f f i s h . The FDA has al s o promulgated t o l e ra n c es for PCS re s idu es in other foods. (See Product and Publ ic L i a b i l i t y s e c t i o n ) . There p r e s e n t l y i s no f ed e r a l r e g u l a t i o n which s p e c i f i e s the q ua nt it y of PCS allowed in wat er. There i s , however, a Federal Guideline for the power Gen e r a t i n g Industry which s t a t e s that t her e should be no ?Cn emission int o the water. There i s a l s o a "Recommended Procedures for Disposal" of PCS-containingwastes at i n d u s t r i a l f a c i l i t i e s , issued by the Environmental p r o t e c t i o n Agency Currently, polychlorinoted biphenyls appears in the Proposed Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency - Federal Veter p o l l u t i o n Control Act - Designation of Hazardous Sufc>: tanc-ns. The proposed r - i l l a t i o n would apply to PCBs i n q u a r . r i t l e - equal to or g r e a t e r than 1 pound discharged into the water. REFiRESCcS * Acer ican Na: i cna 1 7 : . J - ^ J , Disot-s s -' c : Tfioacit * : - i t .: r.fitsd Blohenvis (AS.< I C 13.'. 1 : v.: e 1 " H i 1 Cuids l i nes for !and l i n e _an r =._? Asaare L C onto i i n i Po 1 c * Br Ady, G. S . , I-'.at c r i a l ? 11s Kew Vcrk , N. Y. 1 9 ~ 1 1 r>! NW 1 h a i *- i dr'-.cr arc th r* 7 t i ~[Q c 1 de c i a o f r - - . ; - - j u.i ^ * -* t i *e s, . n te e n s t i c r.a 1 b a c - u r r a a r . i z a . i' 8. Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agere * D e s i g n a t i on o f Kazarccu; ~ 5 1sness Not i c e o f prone sad P.u l c r a k i . - y . Federal R e g i s t e r , Vol. - 0 , Tuesday, scomber 30, 197o; pp. 59960-0-1*017 Page 20 C- 17 <rr* -y a -- -- i i - `rrMb i n m NPC00007460 l&aai6S8M2n*ihe*te*si5Sitiik' :' v 770099 * 9 . Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency; ? o l y c h I c r i n a t e c Siohcnvi - Containing Wastes Disposal Procedures. Federal R e g i s t e r , Vci. 41, April 1, LS7o ipp. 14L34-IA136 10 Environmental R ep o rt er , Claims, Counterclaims, Complications Apparent at National Conference on ?CBs. (Nov. 29, 1975} pp. 1331-1332 11. Environmental R e p o r t e r , Wisconsin - Limits on PCS Discharges i n to Waters S e t by Department o f Natural Resources (Jan. 9, 197b) p. 1511. 12 F a i r h a l l , L . T . , I n d u s t r i a l T o x i c o l o g y , 2nd E d it i on . The Williams and Wilkins Co. B a l t i m o r e , ME- ( 195 7) , 1 3 . G a f a f a r , W. M. , Occupational D is e as es . A Cuide to Their R e c o g n i t i o n . United S t a t e s Department o f Keal.th, Education and Welfare, Publ ic Health 3e vi ce P u b l i c a t i o n No. 1097 (1564) 14. K ir k - O t h n e r , Encvclcpedia o f Chemical Techno lot*-* - 2nc Edi ti on Volume 5 Ch lorocarbons and Ch lorchvdr ccarbons , John Wiley and Sorts, Inc. (1964; 15. Lange, N.A., Hancbcek o f Chemiser-/; lOth E di t i o n , McCraw H i l l Bock Co., New York, N.Y., (1969) 16. Ll oy d , J , W . , Moore, .M.. Woolf, B. S . , nd S t e i n , H. P . , ?c 1veh 1er i rated B i p h e n y l s , Jo urnal : Cccupational Medicine; _18^: 1 0 9 - L13 (Fepruar/ 1976). 17 Occuoaticna 1 Safe Standards , Depart (Jt i , 19 75; and Health Admini st rat ion, Dec unJ. t l ons. 1* 31 : : c f Labor, Federal R e g i s t e r , Part 11. Wash 12. Pscty , F . A . , I n d u s t r i a l vzie-.e and Tc:<ico l ^ r - - Yolur. I n t e r scler.ee .'ti .rs-ter j , 19631 . 2no -.a i 19. FC3s : Probier, for Ail ?s: t i e s : Chem?cal we Decs mher 20. Polvc *-1 or i na ' e . 1-i t hf 1r - T: - i r or < ~ i \ ' ~ i * : : ; En-; 245-1 62 vSep:-: 21. 52'., N.T Dr Ne . ` r- Lindb e . g Ho cl e ve r :,, 5 : . l o u i s , .li sc-rri i l l i e . 25. U.S. Depar tnen: o f Cocr.arce , ST 13 Report Ne, Com-'21041?, N?C3 anc the Environ ment"1 (March, 1972). .'r ' B Page 21 C - 17 i^r t r 1' - -- "r NPC00007461 -- 770100 26 . U.S . E , P . A. ^Ragion H Report; Cet ob e r -November, 1975. APPENDIX ( I) ANSI Guide C 1 0 7 . - 1 9 7 4 l i s t s s e v e ra l f a c i l i t i e s and s e r v i c e s chat are a v a i l a b l e for the d i s p o s a l o f pCUs. These arc the foll owing; 1. Chcm-TroL P o l l u t i o n S e r v i c e s , I n c . P.0. Box 200 1550 Balmer Road Model C i t y , 14107 (716-734-8231) 2 . M onsanto Company 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard S t . L o u i s , >Ki 6316 (314-694-3332) 3. Nuclear Engi n ce ri n e Company i) Eastern Division P.O, Box 1-6 Morthead, KV 40351 (60-7S--66 ID i t ) Disposa'. Civislcn S n c r r t e i d , I L o i.<o *. (SI >-454-2624) 4. ?-o 1 ins Envi r :* :>; n.*! '. 5 ar *- t e s , Ir. ; . i ) P . 0 . : ; Wi Inir, vten, Dal. 19399 (30 7 -6 3 5 - 5 4 5 1'1 i i ) Pouce 322 Lei;'.r TrvnsM 7 L.- T u t i s n n u * T o n c o n *. t . ; . 1 *" s > a s o a * * * . E ! * l *m s-"' - . 1 1) 1;* r u a - , t A M IR 'LAN INJUR AN L I l y i ; A * ' r'j C .- M r i- .if : ; * . \ w u i V I ,, ' u M i i " I ! ' AN ) A * ......... M J I IA H IL I1 T N C O N N I . *N N I - - F d * - ? J B W J l ' : . ' , - t - f . I N .3 * .- ' A * . _ - ' i ! I ' < ( l t * W A 0 t _ `J t t t u - t " t A N `<C" -- i ; - ; . v e ' ' a t ' . t e , i " C 1 * * a " ^ N t. . MJ * IN 0-* Th a t A N C " '* ' Z R ,N> >J k A , A>- A ' . - . i i V A /. A R - A 1.* R t u ' " C c -`A [**t 1 UN A ' Z ' a . --g fc ' tu a* NPC00007462 f~T 770101 Migration o f Polychlorinated Ripntriy]* in Soil induced by Percolating Waler b>'. 5. Tuckes, "it', j. Utschc:. *nd \V. M. Mces Aforturuo C:"t*3cEQO .V. L i n c b f r ; \ St. Lou is, M o. 63144 The c h e m a l 2 nd chsmiczi s t a b i l i t y c f the pc-1 yen L e r i r.atsd biphenyls (?C5s; are c le a r ly responsible for heir widespread use in the e l e c t r i c a l industry. un f o r t u n a t e l y , many z f the environmental concerns about PCBs are a t t r i b u t a b l e to the sane p r o p e r t i e s . -'.'here f i r e r e s i s t a n c e and e f f i c i e n t t r a n sm is si on : : e l e c t r i cal energy are important, ?C-s are the preferred die l e o t r i c a l f l u i d . In f a c t , the I' .S. Government's I n t e rd ep ar t me nt a l Task Force c r ?C3= , FCHs IN Trio ENVI?.ON.,*'u.\T ' 1 9 7 1 ; , ceneluded t.-.at f a r c l o s e d systems set.*, as t r a r . s f c r r ; e r s and c a p a c i t o r s t here are no s u i t able replacement products fo r FC5s. Consists.-, these c o n c l u s i o n s , Monsanto in tredu ted c new ? produot, Aronicr* 111c, c o n ta i-- substoneia 11" l i c e t the depredation r e s i s t a n t h: -.er c h l o r i n a t e : : i c c -~.tr: , r e s t r i c t e d the s a l e s to u e in c l o s e r o-v? t c " S , and s e t up a high ter.persoure i n c i n e r a t o r f o r di - - : ; c f - i e d f l u i d s . *.*::l i e m oi ' t r :. t _on i s ar. nec-:p` _. l e solutio n to the dis posal of used f l u i - s , i t is net fe u s :o le for racy reasons at this o c te t in time i : : d i s p o s a l of PCI impregnatec m a t e r i a l i r on t r a m s f o r - e r s and c a p a c i t o r s . The t o ; oooo*/e oo t h i s stun; was t uooduce dat a - h i : would help e v a l u a t e t he s u i t ? o i l l t of l - - . i t i l l d i apc s a l c f A r c t i e r l i l t onprepna-et o1 1 : t i t o7 ' . 7 5 p r i c e concern was tnr r a t e a : - - - o * - : 1a t . -. water might l e a c h Arc t i e r l O l t soils (Ml i*. = z i z t ' ^ . _*r.*ry *iii*Ji'*i:i * , v ,, Min t S6 NPC00007463 770102 tI t i . rV >#i UPC00007464 iO M I f* 770103 thiol: - f i r s t u nc oa t2 d s o i l , f c l l c - e i : * s o i l c o at e d with 1 . 5 : fw/v) o f A r o c i c r I G I i , or.d f i n a l l y a n ot h e r l a y e r o f uncoatsd s o i l . Ar. attcor.e s ol ut ccr. o f A r c e l o r 1C15 was used to c oa t the s i r dried s o i l , f o l lowed by removal c f the acetcr.e ir. a r o t a r y e v a p o r a t o r . Three d i f f e r e n t ty res of s o i l s vers used ir. t h i s study. The c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f each a r c she--- ir. Table I. TA3LE l CGh?SSl7|QN 0? SOIL: :~IZ0 I N S 7 U C Y X :ati S s;;t ? 1 1av i 1 r z s ' c Carbon Mcrfcik Sanev Lc?-! 22.5 n .c 5.5 1.5 Ray S ! 1tv Loam i.i 3;.2 5.5 1.C ? *ltv t'.av Lr e- 2.S 55-35.1 e .C Tve i v . : : . t was to s imul at e the various s o i l 5. v r r ~ t : " I H 0 2 tr. ur. Cere d at c : : f : r sr.t 1or. - . t i l l r i n ? . . : ; r.u t e e t . r rt su ur 5 e r o r . a v e uear. usee to s*. 1 . c i ce eve c o i l C3 1 1 - * "* 0 : o c r i t c l c u - t l tad f i t a . s T ' l i r t i i l e d water -=.5 f e d from tee r e s e r v t i r : : a s n o t ''ressure to each s o i l co lu rr. . Ths flow re vere o': s e r v e d to ir.trea.se the f i r s " r e - i a y s , ar. tr.er. decreas e sr.d l e v e l out . .-.ros.rer.tly, a f t e r (1 rf |t. I 11 : I r* j.i IiI: :a- !v. li S3 NPC00007465 1-- T r.TTrf*- 770104 t h i 3 3 a 3 | I 5 ae \ a i * I \ 3 ! ! i4 ; i i 1 ii it 1 ?1 1i 3 J nano grads hexane and c o l l e c t e d in a 250 r.l s e r a r a t e ry f unnel - The aqueous chase '-'as discarded a d th e hen- one l a y e r was f i l t e r e d through an.-yd.rcu5 sc- :ui - f a t e i n t o a Eur. t e r n a-Banish evaporati ve ro r. ee -t r a : : r . The hexane c o n c e n t r a t e was t r a n s f e r r e d to sr. alumna? colL.nn and e lu t ed with 125 r.l o f hexane. The hqnar.c e l u e n t was c o n c e n t r a t e d in a Ilunderr.a-lar.isr evarc ra- l i v e c o n c e n t r a t o r and anal yzed using a gas chr rr . at c- graph equipped with an e l s ct ron capture d e t e c t - r . The c o n d i t i o n s f o r the gas chr c n a t cg r ap h ic a n a l y s i s were as fo llo w s : Instrursat: Hewlett-Packa re Hcce! =753^ Ca< Cnra~a rccrach iiii-sj iiectro.-. taocure "-recto."} Coiunn: 2M x l( ra 4 Xi - C siliecne err 8C/IC5 hssn Ch.-c.-csc.'b W H19h Perfomaeci * Glass inject ! " ~z~\ - e.?'re?3 t'u.*e: Column Tirr:i' e:..'s: Z e l& z z z r Te7 c s - 3 : - ' a : Carrie" las: ?ur;s Cas: Puis? !n: - -3 ': t - * ** ' 1 C. sc:*s:.?3i ?t a* 'IX "r 51 csec , 111- r \"UitS 1td Tiscussicr. The r c l y u r e t h a n e do an colunr.s were cham-rd =>.-'*1 anal-.-ted on d k y s ' s , : ; f 31, !!-, 32, 95 and 1 5 : . .a ? i ? T sur. -arares .he. l e v e l s of ?Cs found in the t r l u u t effluents. Hrca^thrcurn of the ?2rs in the effluent yzrer s r e l a t e d to t h - c l a y center.*, c i tne s o i l . The z - i l : - con t a i n i n g h i t h e r l e v e l s c f c' :z- r - i t - i - e d t.-.e 7 2 : ? . Th? order in i c h r roa<t hr- r-i ` c c : r-. - ? f_- c" e : fl ue r. ? vc 1 s - - s N c : : : l ! .".ay S i l t y loir, and f inal' .; - 2 run. . ; !' ;; : 1| i . .1 1. -I .;i *- ;V1iV* ; :':i !iil *.!! ;:i \' vI *! -, ! i 11i` *t* ? 5 -- ------------------- .w. . . NPC00007466 bttL. 770105 TA5LE 11 FCss r e n o i ?Z R z:.~-\ t;r -.urea Norie! k Sardv Loa Tc :a : Effluent VoiL--e i) ?=p: es Ray- Si 1tv Loen Teta i Effluent peb Volura PCds Dr silrv cl^v I t -' Tota. Ef fjen-. sob Vot.T'e () PC2s 1.3*3.1 FIE 2. 7-16. H ND 1-6-5.5 ro 1C.1 Ft 20,7 65 12.5 O 13.5 23 27.6 92 16. ND 25.5 63 51.9 153 31.1* NO U .1 il 53.1 136 53.2 KD ND - Mene detected, <1 pp3 (noce : : s e r v e d ; . This i s in agreezs r.t with rec e - vsrh, ri1.Q-c CIS Ta) , der.onstr a t i n g rh at clay- has a hi rh o f f ir. i ty f t r PCSs. Errsrir.s r ta 1y. the water se lu ci l i ty c f ArcoI r r i : : s has :*. : t- - baeerra.r. e ae c e c n f i r 2 .e 2 d ; "ho-w- eSv.e r , Tri it i X s^eers; --t i=mr a^t e-d- to i on the f a c t t hs less t r i e r : r a t e d , t o r e v i l e r s ol u bl e osor.ers rhzr. ppb. .-%IrTrc, c 1er iali l 1 1 4 : whi; rc iasseeis,, t!he rr roer, t n t i e r of 7Z2s ii r.. -th- e e f : .=-. : water v u l e s s thir. the e s t treated s c l . t l ' . i t cf .-.redor ICl ir s i f t . The e l e o t r e n capture t h r c r . a t o t r i r . s she--, ir. P i c u r e 2 detail the i s c r e r d is tr ib u tio n : f the ebser/ed ir. the a f f l u e r , c v a r a r . Arte 1er 1 2 - 1 , the m d u r t iorr.erly sold tor use ir t i t . is sro-T ;.t tro t e r . The A r a d o r i d i - hi i :. - : 1 1 . : or. at .1 i s shc-wr. n e x t , f o l ' i *-* t* r I7- ?vt - : : - - s c i ! ; , itti fir. ally Art t io - s e r i e s , s t a z d r r i for purr.. r e d ir 1 :it e - : r e : V.. A tazo a r t i : . I l i o ehr t r a t t rar. s . !' ` rWeafc t i t ri . iri hat _i tk he- r t - .' . V 4 f- uiac*ure cf Arteler l i l t . 90 NPC00007467 770106 4H0CICX 1242 STC 1 0 U s3 A JkiU.A - ! L i \J 'f ?I* 4 P. t!lli l JLROCIOR 1016 STO SOIN ' *" | :V V f 1 i1* ;s W l l ^ ? C : i :*~ 'X :urr it i1 iKr `- `1 'v I " J v* " iwCLO *221 j - iC'i* i > .t n> . uns v'r.v. : fl a a a a B B m r,..^ i. 91 it NPC00007468 770107 The i s c r s r d i s t r i a u t i c n o f the rCFs m the e f f l u e n t water is the r e s u l t c f d if fe re n c e s in the water s o l u b i l i t y and adsorption c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s c f the isomers in Aroclcr 1C16. I t is evident th at cr.iy the l e s s c h l o r i n a t e d , r.c re bl ocs t r a d a b l e rCf s . Ah': 'z~S and FOCHT ( 1 3 7 5 a , b ; , Tj T T T I \1 TT 2 , s c r i l a r to A r v c l c r 1221, vgrs l e ached i r on' the so i l . A d eg r ad -t ie r, r a t s f o r Arccucr Z l 21 c ; 7 3 : 21? has beer, observed in s cr. i - c _nt inu ous a c t i v a t e d sludge t e s t s at feed l e v e l s o f 1 ar.d 5 n g s /2 4 hours, TUCilH.A ( 1 5 7 2 ) . Conclusions The r e s u l t s c f t h i s study c l e a r l y demonstrate t h a t - . .... FCSs are n e t r e a d i l y leached cron s o i l by p e r c o l a t i n g water. In the worst case, less than 2.055* c f tr.e t o t a l A r o c l c r ICla a v a i l a b l e ( 2 5 , COO pen) was l e ac h ed fr e e the s o il during the entire fcur-r.cr.ih duration c : these esperi.ter.ts. during this period c f tin e ? approximately 50-1C0 l i t e r s c f water were pas sed \ through the t h r e e s o i l columns, an. arount c f water ! rcugdiy e q u iv a l en t to 5C-12C- f t . o f r a i n f a l l , a s s u r i n g / no run o f f . ' The ease c f l e a c h i n g . Arcticr 1716 free, the d i f f e r e n t types c f s o i l s -zs ir. the f o l l c v i r . t order: herfell Sandy Lean' aay o i l t y lo sc.* 1 runner S i l t y Clay. l o a n . Addin i t n a l l y , i t was observed t hat only the lo.-.' c h l t r ir. at ed. re c e g r . c a b l e hc.i clcgs were leached ; : : c the s o i l ; . The r e s u l t s o f t h i s study support the c oy Cl * Is *------- =z- . V.'ater are crJv a r.sstcrces Curtiss source of ?Z z er. cc.t tar.i na tion, ii=So; : 1371; . T u c i c r drawn t hat I ar.d- on.-.ental The cl c : s wish t'c vi c i s -r 1s s n out * " 11 ana MCK7 T o x i c c l . 11, -C '13 r :: - !' ; V :!. :' '. .1.1; 92 I; NPC00007469 770108 Li-.r. J J U in d Tc.1 ILv k j : i ira : rv'"! r ;-= - 'P * u / f'Z- z y 'C z -? 7 ./ TO ___________ . J __ 7 > , C $ 5 t * r r j ."~ :/ / } A *lro 2 / / g , A * * / 7 _ XTz? ^ ^ / .* _______________ X. T u l f i p h s . ' o c : . / c r > - r . * r _ r ___-------------------------------------------- V S UZJ E O T : p c > $ ~ c > * ' '- 7 . \ P f' i/' , ?O >/ --*- . , --V---' - - . 1 -V fr ./ /: o - v / Z . _ X/ * . - ^ ,a - Y '' "*~ji X -** /y>/ /J/, ' _--,'-* - ., 7 X- / 7' / / *. -V . * . / / //'/J ,t /, / / /- 9 t +- j. j / - '- ;-. - T y c . w s x : . . - r S . : - J f U nc-'-Z' . f i t ' . .-*/: ^ ^ /i5 V , , , ^ v _ . . . . . W* b *TM ^ C < iS < : X "X-' " r r X w" -- - - -t -. / /r ; i . '-- < 7 V J 7 ^ UPC00007470 770109  I^ il i> }; ,3 n \! ' I H / S r*l w* r i / * - 3 -: aL , Z 4 J Js'S/Vjs -- /_ r^xP'f / Y At * Jvs^ Z U J t r ` r } L ? A .& ^ . y ' ,^ y r y / / c ,r f A .^ u y . 5>n " ?3 A ___ v y i - / ^7" j / ~7~a S S*~Sy*<C L *u / c / Y ? rj S*t ZJf iS *ry& J Z U r + y ? V 4 $ y < r'sA ? J i X n f ' Z /f 72 u s is - t* / Z ex/tZ S /& S t-* Z y { * i * r - f ` C s -j/z f^ ^ A fs - .< // s V y r c c s * . : f r v / r Y f: /u ~ y y4> ' f r ' c l/ d .* ' S < 2 z ; 'Zu f r y ~ -/ tfo , - Z fr* J v / *}4*9:*,t.! Z $ * * ? r/ , oc._ :4 / /s AJ ' T T /O A.*, A. -? , . >V--:* -V. '' V <* . V f; r i/ */ , -/ ` `_i* '**, ^ A ., / r--'` r / , ^A r / -"- / v r ,? / / > , / r V . : 0'* - * /; - r- /jr -*', A >f*e.--; r^7' '?c..f/ Z i S ^ ,, yJ rJ /~^s .**- / <///>/'"'-> . / J ' ; y . /-C/' i .Vj . / ./ y.' /'*' S .. J / d\ . y 770110 S c i l i Vaste Mar.a-ezer.r Sect io n Mocas cz ?C3 I i s p c s a l t r o s V o st i n g i ou se , 3 1 c c z i n r t : r . > /" P r o v i s i o n a l l i n i - 3 for drinking v a i a r ar.d s o i ! l e a c ha t e ora 5 2 : a: per rae TR syscezs report prepared under c o n t r a c t study report. j : ooz Fres the f i l e s : -There i s no record in S ol i d Vas ts Mar.sgezen: S e c t i o n f i l e s that PCS' 3 were e i t h e r ` n o v a cr r e m i t t a ! to os i soasad at a .v s f cne s i t e s . li s pc s al of " i z e e rt e s r. " ,'or.lor 1 r*s z z Indus t r i a l Vaste l a t t e r says t r.a : n area i s - r orati**' not a s u it able zeor.s 0 : disposal due to p e e l : r y , ?C3-scakad aavdtst ar.c f i l t e r clay usee to pu ri fy M 3 ' 3 } vera a z o -t. t : be coing to Meal's luz* i m e d i a t e l y vest Sloczir.stcr. atte r i t t e J i l t s r d a y - ip crt...i -.-.men ?.c * - 1 : t a r i l i t r e s - M l c i e c e s t tr .r i ..... . r-- . * 7' j _* :1...... - - - - . 1 1 i ! S o e t i i l Meta - Tr.e c i * '-'sal' s Tarif:'. 1 or. ?C3 level l _ i n Rich'.-** r' is itr.c-.. for its opinion - `levels 31.02 : t : e ". i p * s t w r r . . jL. N PC00007472 770111 i onsanto 1 M O K S A N T C I H D U S T iA l C H E M I C A L S 3CC n Lir.eca'a* Sou-t'-ire S : Mu i o / ' S j ' cc 3,ie' 3:* 35" ZZC CC. January 6, 1972 Mr. C a r ly le ? . Myers V i c e P r e s i d e n t & C-er.e Westinahcuse le r r r ic 3 Gateway Center Pi r t s b u r c r , ? er.r.s" Iva ,1 Counsel enpar.y a 15230 Dear Mr. M v e r s : sa a-rreerrer.t. p lease re .err. jne i *4 c r i r e c t l v t c Mr. H 3 . S e r r e n , Mrrsa x M iss;rr .3' -..7 . ... T _ eerie: NPC00007473 770112 4 Page 2 a g r e e m e n t s i g n e d cn b e h a l f o f your company by ar. a u t h o r i z e d o f f i c e r and r e tu r n one f u l l y signed copy to Monsanto. I f we do n o t r e c e i v e a s i g n e d copy o f t h e a g r e e m e n t ir. t h e form a t t a c h e d by 15 J a n u a r y , i t may n e t be p o s s i b l e no s e l l fu r th e r q u a n t i t i e s . c f th ese products to your company. We s i n c e r e l y r e g r e t any h a r d s h i p s t h a t t h i s d e c i s i o n mayc a u s e you b u t i t i s t a k e n in an e f f o r t t o c o n t i n u e t o make a v a lia rle these products for c r i t i c a l e le c t r ic a l applicaticr. Very tru ly yours, UPC00QO7474 eswt-t 770113 i uac. ires 0"; .1 *A r; l'.J r _-2 j =c' e-2 i n rol C i: 3< ] \ A ' UPC0Q007475 1 770114 i. 4f irnr.ui raee tuurri.i.-r..-- -~ ^1a n : s are ? r r : ably -ro:'.: a" ir. a ta-: -s a r s r .i : a : r a r : an vi 11 cor.: l a : -cr. or i ai s Guidii pr a W.1t a r a f f i l i a r I s z nseJ : : m ar.v - --- in te 3 neh s e r '2 r.s J A. '-> n r? r-r-:^on * i - - - r - . x r - . r c . ~*:- aar.ar.ar- : : :r . ni a ~ - ~ r a 1 i:; y a t e : sb a : 1a - 277 p a r t ' :r b i l l i r n . a :-.r3 b asis, the u s l center.: : : i l l ran : v ci": ije :\ : s*. : z - s i a l ! :v:: e::ce-:u 2 ara:; 1 s . 1 3. ` - :- s r : ^ - - -- - - a ra,:u i: * "T - ZZ OV !s*7.;! in: " ,t .. en ~ ~ r : fr-*.:o.r." ''.sii i : r i : leal v. s o : i *;:. a l l <. :.* I - - ; -. : s j L- :`C :> : ; -- :r.-r z'r.^'.l r.r c - r : : t h : l i r i a s la tan '- in'-:*! by :lr. ; i ' re.-.:. 1 : : ': r i r.5 rb - I- y , : r 1 - .r*-:r ---- rzr, ito .. T ~r:-_ '::c - : . r r~ L" r f ' r. : s s i:y v .V >*s ' - ; ' ' ' > : a 1 : i : r. IiI, '4 5 . *::\ " s . - * ' V : j.s a lL be : 7 ' I r c n : 7 : r 7 r l y : . l e r i r . \ ~ c 7i;:h _>-y'. - 1 :v i t s -j / r i n i.i J ! .V i-r. ,,COOOOI*-' 6 770115 "I. 'J- ' , r, ^ * * , Car ro l o f '-c.z? r I f f cr, ; s (oonrir.uod) 3 . V r *co 'UT2 f ' r *\i ; a - 3 r- " ' i 7 "* , >' ' C' " ; ! ..1 <** :!-.e r 1 _ 7 : =nn-_: j -2 5 0 -- rn r -1 :' 5 ' i r : n ''J. r-T ./ 5 . z y p i z z l r n e r o - i 7 7 I' orio .-; -:r c c -zi: In en :, o r n 1i n ' - 0 ' od. The fir*- rn ,_n 7 : cho o f ; n r-i t . 7 ho h c i . r i y ~ i r r 1c * z L r n n z b a : - T J r - : r o 0 - o :-o 5 Ann yses c : `-'-.2 crno-nL'-o on- ; le s 2 r ; dr no ir. 1 : or rhor. : l: - i : h ',,he r r o c o d ir o s o-jo.ip.cd m c : : : : . - a . 11 i I \1 NPC00007477 770116 Monsanto Mananlo Company 000 N Lmctue;*i 3cl;*v- St l O u n . M i d j 'I 6 j I6 6 niom OU) B94-ICOO Ju n e 11, 1970 Dear Customer: In F e b r u a r y we ad vised you of the n e w s p a p e r and m a g a z in e a r t i c l e s indicating tha: p jlychlorinated biphenyls (P C B s) have been d iscovered at som e points .r. som e m a r i n e , aq u atic and w ild life e n v ir o n m e n t s and m ig h t be e n v ir o n m e n ta l c o n t a m i n a n t s . It w as c l a im e d th at the P C B s found s tr o n g ly r i s e m h i e d c h lo r in a t e d bip hen yls c o n ta in in g 54Ta and 6C7o ch lo rin e by weight. F -f r a u l c i : , F v - r a u l AC, P v d ra u l A.C W in te r Grad- ar.d ~: / c r a v . ; 5 4 0 have h: s to r ic i l l \ K e r . : a r m u ia te with the =s poly chi-, r : r.ate d ' ; p .-.e y1 . Ns w f c r m ul a: icn = have now he e n ?e vc lope d and te s *.-ud. The : r : pi a ce me r * products provide equal or superior p e rfo rm a n ce . The new to ...a litio n s w ill bv d esig n ated P y ^ r a u l 6 2 5 - A., Pydrau.1 A.C-A, P y d r a u l AG-A. W in te r Grade and Pydraul 54C-A. T h ese fo rm u latio n s a re co m p letely c e m p a tille with the old formulations,* During i the c o un A fter thi n ext 0 cu /=, as in v en to ry is d ep leted in w a r -th e u st * a; the new orrr.ulatior.s w ill be shipped to f i ll yr-ur o r fa r' riod, we w ill m a r k e t only the new ly f o r m la te 2 .p ro d r1 We t h a - k ye;- tor your c o n s id e r a t io n in th is m a t t e r . If we ta n b a s s i s t a n c e or a n s w e r ar.y q u e s tio n s you m ig h t have plea-:e uor.;.:-. lo c a l r e p r e s e n ta tiv e who can provide ad d ition al t e c h n i c a l ir-.torr. the new fo'cmulations o r c o n ta c t me in St. L o u i s . - * *v. - >.. a tv. V e r y t r :_ly y o u rs , f./y *yS* 'f-//' j * // -fcF:'. ".**' y'/''/ Klarketing Manager Industrial Fluids lb NPC00007478 770117 CtiL> Hsrch h, 1969 >-/ tv tfr !i. tf. 'Speicher iles^u^riers IrvJustrifcl Hygiene WeEilngh.-tuse Electric Ccrp.orction P itttftu r i;!:, P e n n s y lv a n ia ' 15:112 fear *1 1 h u r ; 'J l O F r t tvo c c c i e g c f n a t c r i R l r e l n t i n g to th s allere* nrlir-CS CT tir-h e r.y ls in w iliV irfe. Ycj. wi - . - r. * '. - 1t ^VVMi >J *a0 V<%4 f r 4 T * * ' i ji. ^ ^^ TI' . - - - cr.T v erci.iivn , t i c t t s r f :''- r th-j 1>: z e r 13 nc\*:.scd. ? *>* > 5 ^ f l * T ^ ^ i f^ r -,M m -i*;.'i:i, vO rc-` :h y cu l : i r -n n e c -ic r . r / h citc-rrwye, in Ph cen ix. A cc;>y of th h t n - .->r VL 'h3*hI V^ J V *4>^P tV*\^ni (f,C! * t:', ? . - ,, / -> L< . , w -*V/J>/ -^^ NPC00007479 770118 Process S * - i 5 * _.?n SH" 3 9 l^CCA i.*. I.? - - Th i? s r s : r e r s t ic r ; 5ore r cce d5 * *- '\' -- -\ -' and 3S5-. * v' t ; * ! T contonine :v:r.. --- - -- - T e rs : i - '_: -TO ViUOhV h. HC Ce. ;-s-?c a : u . - . - : : - : i / dr NFC00007480 770119 ' WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION TRANSFORMER DIVISIONS Process S p e c i f i c a t i o n S91-QCA I n it ia l Issue: June DISPOSITION C? SCRAP INERTI EN AND INERTIES* CONTAMINATED MATERIALS GENERAL This s p e c i f i c a ion is w r it t e n to cover the procedure to be -used fo r d is co s: o f Scrap In erreen liq u id and In e rte e n contaminated m a t e r ia ls . Used ir. Sharon NOTE: In erceen is p rim a rily a p o ly ch lo rin a ted bip hen yl, which sene s t u d ie s havshewn cay be an environmental c c n t a s i n s m , t h e r e fo r e i t c u s t be d is p o s e i of as indicated. NJRS 1, Liquid Inerteen 1.1 Place a l l scrap or waste Inerteer. into drucs. 1.2 A ttach--i "Scrap In e r t e r ." c e c a ls to the drurc. 1.3 .-h i r - - - u..* . v c . s -_ . . t ........... .. . k .. . ---- C.. ..... :.j i. *1 :o '.he c ro n :. be dilvto d a*.! be.*:.: O. o._ r . -- - : .t ` dr J --15 . 3 .3 A - *..! "S o lv en t fo r I n c i n e r a t o r " ceca . to or j'.'*. 3 .3 Sand to 3 p1'/ aza Decor roer, t to ba dil-.'i j - ,j. -_j --, . .i. race r o -,,J B1 ' ;. j =' * -f .3 - ? .1 - " 1 I' VtrC P .3. S'd-SOi-AbGA. I n i t i r t l Is su NPC00007481 Page 770120 5. S t e e l , Copper. Al'.irelr.'jn , E l e c t r i c a l S t e e l . G la ss. a o e e d i-d t i, F i l t e r C artrid g es, E tc, Contaminated With In erteen 5 .1 P la ce a l l restale and nonccrabustable c a t e r i a l s contaminated with Inertean into the orovided restai containers. 5.2 When co n ta in e rs a re f u l l send to area designated for s to ra g e o f In erteen contaminated m aterials. I r any questiona covcring d ep o sitio n z z In e r te s n and rea ta ra is cor.csreir wich Inerteen ecn tact M aterials Engiaeerir.g Department, Fluid In so lacin S P .S . SHrSSI^C.1. , I n i t i a l I t u s --D* ai b. s- - >'> . NPC00007482 770121 APPROVED Manager or Manufacturing PTD Sharon APPROVED___________________________________________ Manager o f Manufarturing DTD Sha;an APPROVED_____________________________________ Manager o f Engineering PTD Sharoa APPROVED Manager or g m eer Dry type Sharon ,?frcvd;> Manager of Eng'..-.e ring `JT 6 E Sharon It. j De-j; Date Dote Date Date Date Sate P.S Si t 1T l e =j e 3. NPC00007483 770122 fu i I I * NPC00007484 770123 SUBJECT .v : : iC t NT V( *" " rA.;,vV ? * . 2'A3:.C -1pr ** SCilAP CtL: SCHAP iT;UIT.l.\*: v i lei* -.;.s boon re c rr.n s f a r t.or , su * i ' * i i***l r *v' C-tr;i nr.nLi "v ::: 1 ~ i c c re: 5352?.AG d . i - J !:r... be. n *i or arced r ' a i i i w. . rouse. 3A201CM vhic-i h ," been sp or arced r j .i ree re:v.:i reuse:. tf) iX M n. '*!:`.liDLIMG OF iMCiTiiGC c r c c : . ' ' ' ICS Tank c a r s o i in c u r lag Tran* fr r r .o r O il ?.r.i Irser: t~ be '.lamlled ir. che r.iinrer c r e s t ri.be c. be lev : the -: i i 1i 1y r,<:: i 1v d m ?.i . .* M: - , c a r is ; ; c~_ The ' i c c i v : t-.c 2 l e e r v: 1 notify Quality Control. i i _ on: i "Urilily C* : : :*o v i 1 *, c vim : `v*r i: ir.c i t s n . z i / , .e ;r.ar 1 r 1 c . :o i v 'r. 5 z.t * " ' i l - . - - ' `- i : ; tn .r . t : 3 : - ' : . ; : c s *. 1r-.-nn *_, <' !->x(i.V' :; : y NPC00007485 770124 t II 1 I I i j r a,-i r ; . 9 <*4 NPC00007486 770125 L i- . li c~ , * .V*.- . . _ * * l". ; : r * - ; ir. .-: 5. ."non i l ; ' . ' n~ z r . i :a :.? :3 voi o b c : i r ^ : Cp --* : r .. ,s S 5 11 20 n e i ivie-.j : c r s a l o et--- d io r . s r e r i * -- T i n s i ic!< r o : _ ' ' : w i l l z i : ~ o t C0000748' 770126 SVBJEC7 a n d m e r e i r > J c o - i : - . r : y r . s r i j c _ *, i ,_.v c - i - s i r r r s n r i ' . e -.'*4c : : T h e l i i u i d i n ,ir. e n t i r e r r *o rr.or i u 1 s e v e n d i e l e c t r i c m s i b e d ; spe-sa.: - r " e T r a n s i t r a i s e b -j c o m ' e y e d e o c h e s c r *.p p o r p - 3 ; J i , e o l u r r . A a n d h o o d e d t o t h e n r o o e r p c ^ . " i _ SV." w i s e r u n T h e pitr.ip r . r d o b s e r v a s t b.e ! c-oUv p . A l l m i ::: u r o s c : a n y k i ; i d j : I ar-ii ' n o r r e e r . 2b e c r e a t e d a s s c r o p 7 n e r : : : , n o r a : c e r : : c v s n a i l le v e l o f Xnerceer. c e n t a n in ? ` inn. r h <j ^O9 ir.ro NPC00007488 an STO 01 s ir -<= 770127 I i I ; r.'*** t j . 3 a NPC00007489 770128 ' IV11 TP.ANS: OP-'-.iFt TI\LEC7"ICS iv t NT \rrr , x' ^ i " 3* Rubber Cloves Stockrccr. ihm.her CV be r Apr or. Stachnoou: ^ureter 19 A p l a s t i c fa c e s h ie l d s h a l l be vorn in a f Inerteen splashing is ant_cloaned, such a: fillin g section. P l a s t i c " a c e S h ie ld Stpcxrootr. iiunper A r e s p ir a t o r a l l be vorr. in areas where l heated fo r p ro c e s sin g and an u n com fortable odor i s n o t i c e d , such as in me u t i l i t y re-: In e rte e n p r o c e s s in g , tuning ur. 1c sc leg and t f e r r in g heated In e rta -ir-s c s x a d r r r e c o i l as from the p ro ce ssin g o*~ r .s in Sec t ie r . 51 to vacuum chambers, and v e l : l r j c ' r : 1on * Ine::een units. R s s o i r - * l* S t o e ;; * ; -. The S e c t i o n . E .ip e rvi * cr a: rsiTcr.sibls ter the trot, the protect: 1 - eruir.r.e;.. 7 } . ^ a . :. 5iyy c o n y ` " t / c i m m- ' Y f -r .}22 V .vo ,* - a > an*. ren 3 m i t. *" d i e l t n t . U - ; c : ' : * end c - re c o i l s s f ' e r r-cr-ai. s h i l l be ovens Oil Mif* ' t t h e c ere *c :ur r.-tr.s c l o t toe v i f c col*.; n : ir.c*.-a :tr = hours at a xexirrun. ; r :_ r = r i c - s o a h c c on p a r t i i l l y 3 " * '- : : c . - i l a s h e l l be ,, cessed i t h e ro o f o\ e r . MH #>. 4** NPC00007490 770129 SUBJE .\* rL,\ii, lfNT c` f l ` TJ i* t<'-Im o n . a*o *A 3 -:: sru? 1. T.?t i Li ; y Room. % P r o c e ss in g P ic o r (A) .,.- T 1-c * .%.^Vi-') Hentr-r v.*. v u s veer. ero r ; ^ -js. . z r s run i A) S p i l l e r , Loe!;:; (3 ) Uncuukud 'j:\ lz z 3 . Vacuum *lal i;'; Ciiambers (A) S n illr t'.o , Looks (B) Peni- c i f from s-, un A. F i l l C i-.amber Cer o/ :Tc i 1 ? r oc : >s Oven s ii .. "cv tv -.` .`I c ir . 3rar-l;r* (A) S p illo n e frrr* ".oso ? ' s and r c i c r .: 1 : os-. 1. z K' --\; Hashed v i r c :s. i r : ~ i ' \ p .s s r \ ' - ' : j .` u ri-fr ",.:i S p i l l o J-.: / v: r. ..-.-..J : u, t* p.%+ ' ; *,v *'av ~' [ . ' * il'" -J'-T; 5 ' i ( -1.'t 5e- '0:v:'s o f shear 1L. 1 v i l i not f l . i r drum r -r* inoli *: r-T. y,\z ? .?.* NPC00007491 770130 S U S JcC T - I!:` * **, * ' . s j s ;.:. iV ... . . i *! ../ l : nt -. -...... " i j j.^ ti '"r'.v.Tv r"` n*- 3 re irl": ir. i * ai:d ...^ r V J* 1 ' - Mi r ~ [ 1 0 IL IN'L'RTJi:: * rU. "4.T ?.'* AVM':. 'J 0 7 L r: r .? Vt^so At ?un:;S Aac Dispensi .-.g " einus * BLA0-; " 33Z;v i.'cv;.: metal 3 a c l `.:r. r r u: * r l i : ar.c ; ;c :;' `-'ns ana l'I 3r.i r i r . i i . vello:; t*rLac:: VELLO:.' '* . , l t" a4u? BLACK - . , ?.'j r% , >: ^ . 0?. h-* Lfi" TOT e t n^ - ; _ntL-f4i-_"V1\ - Tw**r-.--. -* -^ *J-- - jLAw > " '.vVITI^1' 1 3I.ACV-": I r:*'< i | . jpi) '* NPC00007492 770131 i ***' i P*.a yw-r SC I *_. ! m !o 'C*^Ci '"'? *'nS 1 I =a .a --:^t :: 1i 1( j i ,- Ntw'xH.1!' Zi r \~ t /- .'S X' . ; .? i I .* t ! POOR :QUALITE - O R IG N A L NPC00007493 i .* y 770132 ;r re: POOFT QIJAJV OR!G!NAl ? N NPC00007494 770133 NPC00007495 770134 NFC00007496 770135 NPC00007497 770136 O - CONTENTS - I, Introduction- Page 1 ri. General Saferv P re c a u tio n s -- -- -------------------- -------- ------ -------------- Page 1 A. V a p o r s - - - - - ------ *------------- --Page L i I B. F lu id -- ..................................................................................................................... Page 2 C. Eye P r o t e c t io n --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 2 &3 D- In g e s tio n o f INERTSEN-------------------------------------------------------------- Page 3 I I I . Receiving And Storage Gf INERTZEN-- -- -------------------------Page 3 A. Tank C a r - - - ---------------------------------------------------------- -- ----------- - - P a g e 3 3. S t e e l Druna and Cans------ ------- -- --------------------------------------- - - - - - p a ge 3 C. Storage T a n k s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - Page 3 i ^ IV. Plan *: : v ; - A t_ea----- ----------------------- ----------- Page -- A. INIP.TEIN 7 L11 _n Area------------- - ------Page - 3 . S p e c ia l 3 rr.r-'.r.era far Scv-v liar a r i a l -------- ------ - - - - - - - - -P tg e ; Cone i t i m i " . ' f I NE?.TZ~N- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - p i e e 5 A. INEkTli;.' Co e d it Leninj lauipir.ar: t ----------------- - -- - - - - - - - - -Page 5 3 . F u l l e r s ' Zavrh--------------------------------------------------------------------------Page 3 St 6 / e - . r - l r n. Of _T IT~7N V r.it5 7 r r R e ta in Cr Scrap- ---- .---------------- Page :` au..1 I r . `_ - p ' - C?nr?:;.r.^ra Cor.: s~. i r.ate:. *>1th I NESi i l i ---------- Page i A. . ank Car5 -- --------- ------- - - ---- ege 0 3 . Druses----------- - ----------------------------- -- ------ - - - - - ------------ -- Pa ; . ? it T C. 5 - Ga 11c r. I r * - 1; - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -- ................ . . . j y j : : PurcHeSrs of 3 '*EFT7 "N 0v T' s r r z : C f f i c ? " .t P.er?.*.r m --- - --- -Page 7 I A. D i s t r i c t C f z i r e s ........................................................... - ................................Page ? Sc 3 3> R e ta i : S a c 0 5 --Oi. 3 UPC00007498 770137 o POLICY FOR THE USE AND HASSLING OF INERTIZN I. Introduction INERTEEN i s a s y n th e tic transform er d i e l e c t r i c f l u i c Trace by the chlorination of a chemical, biphenyl, to give i t ncn-flar. able properties. Since th is process s ta b iliz e s the flu id for trar.sforr.'.er use, i t a ls o makes i t d i f f i c u l t to destroy when i t g ets in to the environment. T e s ts have been made throughout the v c r id tr.at shew the u n d e s ira b le nature o f t h is type or flu id and i t s e f f e c t :r. some species c f b ird s. I t can be seen that i f ILERTIE" is to continue to be used in the transform er, a p o s i t i v e e f f o r t must be made to co n rro l and. prevent p o llu t io n by t h is product. INERT!IN' can g et in to the environment during the r d e liv e ry , improper use, maintenance, r e p a ir and dispesa form ers. Experience has shown t h a t i t is necessary to asp ects of the manufacturing and f l u i d handling process on the p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f leakages and s p ill a g e s to preve: IN'!?. ,e environment. Close atte: plan he .in key to p o llu tio n contro also hat a l . t e s t somcies .and I: ta v : 01_ tad fo r d i i o o s s l in Jr. acc ac tu r e , trans rei all h empr.es i r.y n to good Che:.*..-, V-s , such a* INr ?T".E!l are r.ot p e r m it ta r in any e ff .v .e fr : the p la n t. This is p re h it i t e c by tne pure s o r e n _svs. --L an rcncamL.-.atec v a s ts s are not e o te p ta o .a m s a n it a r y l a n d - f i l l s . This then req u ires th at th e se wastes must be b e s t ; : by in cin e ra ti-o r., This p ro ? 1 tm i s extremely serio u s and v i l i undoubtedly be more c l o s e l y c t n t r c l l e c in the fu tu re . By follow ing a c c e p ta b le procedures the problems o f any p o llu t io n of the environment by INThlii'.i can be controlled,' I I . Gamer al 5a f e ? v Pre c a u tio n s INERTI:..: vapor 1p, a non-toxic to humans, ex: a l l y , but care "US I be taken to avoid unneoets. liqu id or vapors. A. Va-or-: .ra ne IMER1E".* re r cu bic meter of a i r . NPC00007499 770138 n High c 3 p.cencrat-.cn5 o f INERTEEN' such as curd in s id e a t r a n s former tank or the vapors from hoc INERTEEN must oe a v o ic e c. The high co n c e n tra tio n s of vapors can cause i r r i t a t i o n o f the eyes, nose, t h ro a t and upper r e s p ir a t o r y t r a c t . I f c o n ta c t with high co n c e n tra tio n s c f IN'ERTEEN i s necessary 3n approved gas mask c r s e lf - c o n t a in e d b reath in g apparatus must be v c m . The vapors produced when IN'ERTIEN i s decomposed by very high temperatures or from an e l e c t r i c arc w i l l c o n s i s t Thinly of hydrogen c h lo r id e . This vapor i s very unpleasant and i r r i t a t in g , thus giving ample warning o f i t s presence. Under emergency co n d itio n s an approved gas mask c r s e lf-c o n t a in e d brearn in g apparatus must be worn in order to en ter a space c o n ta in in g vapors o f decomposed INERTIEN*. I f i r r i t a t i n g odors are c a re e r ad with the b reath in g apparatus in use, the person should go itrr.eeiately into fresh air. A ll gas masks, r e s p i r a t o r s , replacement c a r t r i d g e s , and s e l f contained breaching equipment must be Bureau o f Mines approved and be maintained or. a r e g u la r schedule in accordance with the manufacturers recomer.cation. y; U nlike : f.. t 1 ^ r. I.-i b a'j v irtu a l!--'' no f i r e hacard. IKE \Z"~ * car. be i r r i c e t i ng to the s.-tin. come people <-a',,1* . ^ : .. to the s olv en t "^ *"* r "'iT?"'??'; - ,, *, . the 1: ; . _rr 1 1 ii. ir. 3 -- * c :r. h i t ions approved aprons and gloves shou d i r e c t c o n ta c t with the f l u i d s . The r e g a l o : r-. cur.ir.er.ded sin ce the gloves are e a s i l y - s i t e with IhTRTEiN from the hands. A ftt_ ..andling I\TE?.lJIN the hands should be wished t.-.c roughly -1 th warm soapy w ater. In the ca s e c f s p i l l a g e onto c l o t h i n g , the c l o t h in g should be removed as scon as p r a c t i c a l and Laundered cr discarded in co n ta in e rs designated as '' Scrap Burn.ib 1 : ITERTIEN Waste." i 7*/a r i ^ INERT"! '. and i t s vapor arc i r r i t a t i n g to, the ion such is safety g la s s ? : -.ith s ic e s.-.lieid; C.U5 t -'e m at i _ i ttm-.* . n ..'. --.,,in lye cert: .-a 2.-.i-:lts ry an c p l i c e t i - r of s r .L r :r r e s u lt i n g froei D'EnTIrN ; : t i a b ra s io n . Eye e /.c o e jre to 1 immediately vit.n large p u .-.-.c i tie s / -- - - . . h- r, h 2- iC* *2r "'JTT T" *,* c -- ' ,* U-T wfefe.a^d-j '.S^W* of water from an approved aye HPC00007500 770139 wash for f i f t e e n minutes ar.c char, examined by che company physi' c l a n . Persons developing a skin i r r i t a t i o n due to contact, with INERTEEM should be examined by the com pany p h y s ic ia n . D. In g e s tio n o f INERTIE NT INER.7EIN i s moderately to x ic i f taken in t e r n a lL y . S'-'sllow ing an ounce or more - ' i l l cause i r r i t a t i o n o f the d i g e s t i v e t r a c t and i n t e r n a l r e a c t i o n . In such ca s e s the person should go to the company p h ysician immediately. Any co n d itio n th a t might resuLt in a p o s s ib l e in g e s tio n o f INERTIZN should be avoided. I I I . Receiving And Storage Of INEaTEZN INERTEEM is shipped from the manufacturer ir. t ant-: - nr s , tank tru ck s, 55 g a llo n s t e e l drums and in 5 g allo n metal drums. All co n ta in e rs must be la b e le d as to co n tents and carry a preca ut lor.' ary la b e l Ln ~ ~ erence to i t s environmental hazard. Every conca should be in sp ected fo r leak s when r e c e iv e d . A, Tank Ear Receiving i l l c c a t e c to* INERTER tank .:-n for c o l l e c t i n g r e s i c n c h l e 'cune to be Leakin-: when r e - in tender.:: o f Maintenance f c r appropriate a ctio n . Drain pans must be provided to prevent s p i l l a g e from unloading hoses Tid co n n e c tio n s . INERTIIN tank cars do not have a bottom unloe-`ir.g valve and must be pumped from the top man-hole opening. Be* ter.e cr o ther approved cle a n in g f lu id s used fo r clean in g the sampling le v ic e s must be c o l l e c t e d in a "Scrap INEP.TIES" drum fo r cispo.- i : i . n. After use the sampling device s h a ll be cleaned, d r ie r ar.c stored in a su L ta b le lo c a t i o n . B. S te e l ar.c Gan3 foe l a s t s . Th. especia_l y sei' clo se the frem ' t 1 r. : t hc .= i 21 1 ' drums and cans must be c a r e f u l l y -- ,3 3 J--he stored ir.oocrs in ar. the purees e. A cement curb rhcul should t.- =y o-: c s r .a je r . l i e i r t i .a connec*. t , a s a t . . : 1. . A ll INERT!IN storag e tark s shcui he e r e c t i on a cement base so th a t in s p e c t io n can be made for le a k s . A wall c : cement must be e re c te d arc-_nd the tank to provide a holding ba.^cr to c o n t a in a l l the INEETEEN in the sto ra g e tank in the event of a tank f a i l u r e . The base and w all must be constructed with INERT EE'' - 3- NPC00007501 770140 O re s is ta n t expansion jo in ts to prevent cracking of the caner.t. A snap drain with runs should be provided cc remove any accumu la tio n of surface water but trust not be tied into a sanitary or Storm sewer. The pump w i l l be manually a c t i v a t e d when req u ired . The sump pump must also be o f s u f f i c i e n t ca p a c ity to pum.o the INSXTiZh' from the s to ra g e tank b a s in in to c o n ta in e rs for s a l vaging the material or o r scrapping in case of a s p ill . All tank piping must be exposed to permit in sp e c tio n fo r le a k s . IV. P la n t Manufacturing Area For r i l l i n g Units With IN'ixTfZb* I c is n ecessary to assume t h a t in f i l l i n g equipment .with IbZXTiu'i and fu rth e r handling r f t h i s equipment th a t an INIRIX*< s p i l l w i l l occu r. T h erefo re i t ls n e ce ssa ry to provide f a c i l i t i e s and a pro cedure for clean-up to prevent contamination. _ A. INcRTIIV r i l l i n g Area The l o c a t i c n o f the IlIZRTZf'.i f i l l i n g area should be a d ja c e n t to * the t e s t area and' f i n a l shipping araa to minimize the danger of dai ga ; i u n its during handling. The ma-.u: *. i r u r i r g ar-ta provide fo r f i l l i n g eqitm^nt v i r h liU.L i l : h a ll hve i . z amen t : loo r *. i ch a i s tua t e lem-mt c ut o arevrd e n t i r e areu co acc as a b a s in for o c n ts in in g cha vcr. INE.MZ.\ from m e .u rg e re p rcuu ciicn c n i t . F l e e r crei ? must not be cc n n ettad to a sani ta r y or s t c r : s * - : . : u: a sump provided with a manually a c t i v a t e d p: c =, ' ' l e of p ump ing s p i l l e d I "ERTcZ'J or ocher l i q u id s ine. ' era : ' ^ i -- Z * c i *jjT(s Ad-:c ct-r . .41 t f the S- an a to. : : : f ume INT?..';.; r - r z ^ 6 i z t a t - r ot i r '*c r.. I lu lion : : -he area sh i capable -- - s `--ir.s INERTEZN va sh a ll be provided to maintain 1 below one m illig ram -of The exhaust from vac um pump be directed thru f i l l e r s Drip pan . th.all be ? r o v i dad valves. ose connections and f i l l i n g IN`Z / seer ac ; ~, a be a n =o i- of a use All Lo5 s NPC00007502 770141 n s p i l l the Superintendent or Maintenance should be contacted innediataly to carry out the prescribed clean-up procedure. 3. Special Containers "or Scrap Materials 1. Drums la b e le d " Scrap INERTIES1' must be a v a i l a b l e t o r handling a l l s p i l l s and v a s te INIRTEIN from the sump, f a i l e d u n i t s , drip pans, sample ja r s e tc . 2. Open-head drums v ir h approved c lo s u r e or o th e r s u i t a b l e con t a in e r s lab eled *'Scrap Burnable INEZTUN M a t e r ia ls " must be a v a i.a b le for handling scrap c e llu lo s e in su la tio n , rags, paper pressboard, weed, sawoust, e t c . 3. Separate co n ta in e rs fo r handling s t e e l , copper, and aluminum, each adequately marked, s h a l l be provided t e r the cor.po:. :r.cs c : contaminated core and coiL assem blies when t e a r downs are necessary. 4 . C on tain ers fo r supp lies o f saw-dust fo r absorbing ^ 1 1 INISTH.N s p i l l s or clean-up must be provided. Speedy-dri or occur t l e v absorbing m a te r ia ls are net recommenced. J\'T I " ' i i i r " i~ 11me t The c t i o r . i n g equipment and in term ed iate s to r a g e tank should be lo c a te ;, in the bulk s to ra g e area which i s provided with ar. adequate curb to co n ta in the INER.TIZN held in the in te rm e d ia te storage tan^. Two a l t e r n a t e procedures are s a t i s f a c t o r y . The cor. 7i t i m i n g equipment and in term ed iate s te r a g e tank may be lo c a t e d in the manufacturing f i l l i n g area s in c e a curb i s p r :.* id e c fa r uor.- t a i n i r a s p i l l . I f the c o n e i t i m i n g ecui;ment ar a i t crags' rank is lo c a te d in o th er areas i t must be piac-ic r. a tsmeui f l o o r with ar. adequate curb surrounding the e q u ir - e n t er.c : ank to provide a holding b a sin fo r a l l cr.e INTRlZl in the in te rm e d ia te s co r 1 3 e tank in the event or a tank f a i l u r e . .A sump, t connect ed to a storm or s a n it a r y cewer, may be provided to c l e m the bolding b a s in in rase of a s p i l l . An a l t e r n a t e . rule be epar-' a t r m z acu lt --nr to t umr >- D" T 7*: - * * INEZ I cruris fo r i i t c - a l i 3 . r c : > r ^ ' 7 =.r tr Conditioning of TNZ?.TIN r e q u ir e s f u l l e r s ' ea rth tr^etm i . : . spant f u l l e r s ' earth in c a r t r i d g e s or bags when rep laced s h a l l , be allowed : ; thoroughly c r a m over crip pans to remove as muon licuio s p o s s i b l e . -The c a r t r id g e -n e t s ; : s t e e l mesh i o- UPC00007503 770142 construction containing fu lle r s ' earth sh all be scrape id in the c o n ta in e rs narked, " S t e e l Contaminated V i t a IN'ERTEZN" fo r d i s position.. Cloth bags f i l l e d with spent f u l l e r s 1 earth s h e ll be disposed o f in the c o n ta in e rs marked "Scrap Burnable INZREEEN Wests". The f u l l e r s ' earth in the cond itioning equipment s h a l l be changi when n e ce ssa ry to m aintain the IHEaTZE'i w ithin a c c e p ta b le opera: ing lim its, VI. Tear-Down Of IVZP.TZZN l r . i t s " or Reoair Or Scrao A. Tear-Dc*-t. Procedure 1. Drain a l l the INEP.TIZN from the transform er tfr o m cne _ower urns , . be 1ed " S c r o f the 1NERIEEN. Allow s u f f i c i e r . 11 o f the cor.di tio n the bt*Dn lEEN to drain from the c o re and c o i l , (a t drain the INERIEZN from the tank. .our s) and ag ain 2. Rs :v= the c o re and c o i l asseem: bly from the t r a n s ftr m c r ar.d o lace i t on a s t e e l t3 3 t -devr. tab having a r a i s e s eege to con t a in any- r u n - e f f INERTZZN from the assembly. X c e n t e r o r ether properly located drat:; s h a ll be provided in the s t e e l la b le : : t o l l e r : ' the r u n -o ff I.'liREZZi;. 2. The gio\es, apron sr.d eye p r o t e c t io n , coved i . Place a ll materials in the appropriate salvage containers curing the tear-tr-r. to r la te r disposition. 5. The tear-dowr. ta b le sh- be cleaned with keroser.. or . other approved s o lv e n ts a t t a r tr a d i s m s r r l i r r o v e r a r ic n . The used flu id s s h a ll be p la c e t ir. the "Scrao r'.l-ir;-.' tr\tt? disposition. V I I . Handling Of E-.r-tv Contai n e r ; Cc r . t f i n e t e d With irERZEEN' A, Car s When tank cars have been u n i : a ! ca .s e a . . - . . . 1. ; lear. ,d a Drums D: - 6- NPC00007504 770143 J iro n the INEE.TIIX manufacturing s e c t io n and should be p l a i n l y marked "S crap IN'ERIIIN". Drums which must be r e t i r e d from use s h a ll be washed twice with one gallon portions o f kerosene, ber.cine, or other approved solve:, befo re crushing, delivery to scrap dealers or used for other d is p o s a l. The wash f l u i d s h a l l be disposed of in rums marked "Sera? INEEI1I.V'. C. 5 -C allor. Drums 5 -G a llc n drums which contained new THIRTEEN when empty s h a l l b-' washed twice with k ero sen e, beacine or ocher approved solvent b e f o r e scrapping or r e - u s i n g . The wash so lv en t s h a l l be placed in a "S crap INERIEIN" drum. D. Sample B o t t l e ; Sample b o t t l e s and o ther small co n tain e rs used fo r o b ta in in g samples of INER.TIZN fo r c a s t from any source such as t r a n s formers, storage tanks, f i l l i n g li n e s e tc . must be r i n s e r at le a st rwice with benzine or kerosene before re-use or scrapping one rtr.se si o- l1 v e n t try a "Scran :.iIEIIE;r r J , ^ . A- i 1 h. wc i , a, .* ; - * , - t 7 I t is necessary to police the sales of INERII"" to a l l user,3 in coder to prevent the misuse o f INERTIIN by chose req u irin g t r i s m a ter i a l fo r equipment or a p p lic a tio n s which are not closed -sy stem s 'thus perm itting environmental contam ination with the I NoEl?. IN . A. IM s trir: -n ffie-s *AI ' orders fo r INERTI IN must be c a r e f u l l y surveys in ord-_r to e s t a b l i s h the a p p l ic a t i o n for which m a te ria l w 11 be u s a i. I t Is d e s ira b le , i f a t a l l p o ssib le , to rbcein e servi-.: t :r .t r a c - to handle the r e p a ir or maintenance c f tre o u s te n e rs ' t r a n s : _ me r r a t h e r then supply the I NEE.!I I S . I h i s '.sure s d i r e c t :c :: trt-1 to prevent the p o llu tio n c f the environment. l o r those c u - t i c e rs w i l l i n g to provide a s e r v ic e c e n t r i c : , i t i s imp -. r : ? n : th a t1 tr e work i s performed by personnel knewledge-it Is m tr.e proper nandlir. o f INEEIE IN ur.cer the newly e 3t a d is ne i g u id elin es . _ s . a . i. . . tr.e s e m e . pl a c e t wit'- Mt:.santo t a r ce.ivuT-' to tr.e In those s in w - _ : -, : v s : : - t ' ' t . - i s t c\ pe: r.g * : - n maintenance and r e p a i r work an i :n Ic c a titm s where s e r v i ; - e n tr a t t s i r e im p r a c t ic a l , orders : : : INEZ.IIZS wi l l be accep ted only a f t e r the customer has ea ta f 1 isred the r.eei fo r the INERII IN' and w i ll provide eigne : documents I n c i t a ting they are f u l l y avara : the p c ly c n lcrir.a te o biphenyl problem, crac they have establish* I.U ,M NPC00007505 770144 O procedures f o r "he proper handling c f ISERTZZN and in no way w i l l hold me Vestinghouse E l e c t r i c Corp sponsible for l i a b i l i t y resulting frcn :h e ir use c Orders then w i l l be sen" ro Monsar.ro fo r d eliv ery cus to n e rs . hat they e r i or. r e m e IXERIZEN. mese B. Reoair Shoos No order f o r INERTZEN f o r d e liv e ry ro any cus doners w i l l be a c cepted by che r e p a ir shops. Orders fo r INIEUZN f o r s e r v ic e work performed in me r e p a i r shops- or ac custom ers' l o c a t i o n w i l l be d ire c te d ro Monssr.ro f o r shipment o f I2ERTESN to the r e p a i r shop l o c a t i o n cr.iy . A ll r e p a i r shops performing s e r v i r e work on INEZIEI:-' t r a n s fo rarera must s e t asid e an area in the re p a ir shop to handle a l l INERIIEN s e r v ic e work. T h is shop area nust be a l t e r d to provide the same safeguards as a s t a b i i shed in the narvjf c t c r ir .g l o - . c a r i jus including curbing around r he a res to co n ta in an a c c i d e n t a l s p i l l , co n tain e rs fo r holding nata r i a l s contaminate.: w1 1n II<EciN safety equipment : r employee s . ed of a t a u ch c rire , lo-tacicr.s s a f e ly des t r e v i ;: * :h-c INERTEEN. A?? APPROV. -, ! ! approve: s NPC00007506 770145 Monsanto * Mensania Cs<rar.v 500 N t:ncfla-;r 2ai.itvirc 5t '.suis Missa;** 53153 ?"!ont. l3i<i 534-!COO Dr. Thomas *. Dakin v/estinghcuse Electric Corp, Hesearch and Development Center Beulah ?.cad Pittsburgh, Fern. 12235 November 30, 1970 Dear Dr. Dakin: The sale prices r?r capacitor Arcelor and transformer askarels are being increases owe cents per pound efDeceive 1 January' 1571. This price increase is necessitated by our higher manufacturing "i other test increosss due to the ?C3 environmental 'oducts available t: the capacitors and tre requi remen ts doc3 ited in additimi.' incr tas ting ext er.ses , r3 . ses Sincerely, T r '.'S 3 S .* NPC00007507 770146 H 0 ao sio o o o o aN f\ i . : - . ^i T ~ ' * a a j A O , M J V ! r v * o ') ' *-P ,/ \t / *. V - # i ^ r . i \/ r .H ;-!* V. (\> ;l w. o rv*-s>o ^ i t . r> **%* * * I 1\ 'Is' O 'r . T ; \j?:i\! 'I *VV. i "H* .Ti'OW jc j i ' t t J .-''H r- I VJT'li .1/ TLiV '-J JO J - .- . j 'jiv u l ,'<3 s j n -n " * - " : 0 * ^ i . . n .i V" ,, -* :- *-->> '*J7'.Pn *-'' -L'* .7 .-07 Tv7.7f.iiji J ,,ij' '-- V . C i - O r. jP.-'V?/' ./..; iv v irv /O u ]V i j\ q .q , ; /iv . i i . ' v i ' - ' M i v `u \ 5 i r ' - t ; C M C J-T .V . C O 7 3 <tt s a /m . p 3 ^ x 1 1 0 1 ' j w n t f - n t i a ?.;/ J t v p 'J'.-'. r . V l i 3 0 7 3 ' t ' O i r `3 T / 3 - i i V N -,1 0 ( V y p p e n o s i y -M '% ' ^ ->:>- - ijn r * w r x tu ./n o ' i -j"-I i c H h y c J 'd l j . T J J X r W v t ' J ' J I1. ,r * :I .' ..*I(<; o > * iI.* * . .>.r. -. : ,*jt 7 r..-. ??: \ ' y / "A. .'-T y .A T v p i z i/ j I >iv . ; j i ; L' ! - j 5 i C~r- i" , / y j :;v!7 l;r ~ r " any c ip . *' r ' " :..-;n o MjT.vCE 7HZ i*:*:r *;v ','Y, iCC-F""r"r' l"w l i .* \ *. /, c,,MAmC)i\ :r, TLr ; 7C w.JUCr rc'i'TfJE iNfO*. Or HiS AS5!C.VD, RESPC'iS'a-'L iT .i yh ] pr elix in a ev r ip e ? * o r ik z r z ee :: ssyirc scexta l i SwRVtV AT -S ?- Preparai r r v:..- r .s ? r , Mar.353T 'A su sric E ia L i t i c a i S c c a r.c e s V o s c i r . i r . j u s a 0 c o 0r. Kas a a rcr. L a c o r a r a r y a. -a ;ir ar.i ,5 C-3r e T| e;# . rsou c, ^r^! e a . > . . * -- r v 'i . 1 ' Ir.-* > * V.;, %1\*i * * 3c' la. a a?r NPC00007509 770148 1 1 t > \ i I .L . . .I I ' -J 1 : NPC00007510 770149 POO-': OU M i iv r.u r.cr. ; &c;-.c r NPC00007511 770150 Although the level of PC3 16 is about SO times aoove the anticipated backsround for a clean lake, the fish sar.pl does r.ct reflect this face. The manner in which the PCE moves into the reservoir'from Clear Creek may prevonr it from moving up the food-chain. Additional samples should probably be taker., however, to strengthen this point. 2 . Movement of laerteer. from Sanitary Landfills. Three widely separated sanitary landfills have been used for Ir.erteer. disposal and, because each represents a very liferent aituario.n, they will be discussed separately. POOR 1.1 5ir.it*?y LiT.iiili K m U r l. QUALITY Outir.^ a;?rcxi".ia jcrici 195/--.?;.'' , br;h >; 1 O Y ! 3 iiYi- . and Itt-id Inert anr. wa-tes v?r s rm o v e d fret the plant by an independent cor.ttectcr fer iepc-sal in c sen it,-:ry tendrill located ,cr. a side-hill adjacent to Kivsy iS a t 1 : three tile - vest of the plf.rt. Although at that tine this p race dor _ j ` - ........................ -- - - v ................. _ > The samples shewed a templey pattern cf rCS residues, probably due to biological depredation, a fish icier* 1A) seined from Richland Creek contained 3 .S ?pa of a similar ?Ci residue pattern. NPC00007512 770151 Two of Che samples wore ra t h e r c o n tu sin g ; ar* ups:rear: sozple on Richland Creek (B26) contained 0 .1 4 ? ? z In e rte er. (about 10 tin e what one would expact iro n "background" en viron r er.tal f a l l o u t ) and a s o i l sample (323) taken on a s i d e - h i l l a c ro s s from the l a n d f i l l contained C.72 ppn. One p o s s ib le e x p la n a tio n was a e r i a l f a l l o u t from the l a n d f i l l , and, when i n q u i r i e s yield ed the information t h a t the l a n d f i l l op erato r had been c it e d on se v e r a l occasions f o r open burning, a d d it io n a l samples were taker, or. the h i l l s i d e s surrounding the l a n d f i l l in Ju n e, 1972. Fig- re 3 presents data free these samples taken rcu; the land fill. Although nona c f the samples is alarmingly high the iirples north and south o : ^. tvi Ci ' -- J d i V show levels about f i V: : tines higher than would be e x ? e c : : 1 : aeris?. fallout h a ` P o o :; net ti*s n place. Runoff iron the s lig h tly centzir.atei land O f ^ : north of the l a n d f i l l could e a s ily account far the high v ilu e o: the upstrev.* ser.rls in S i c h l f t t ."r*-V.. jo ? ; - i t - i r."--nr - r a `.i? : " rt-; :: :: tne l e e : : ; " fro . :M-* 1 . 1 - : :h* `/ - l l y :i . .*; through ; f i r . anir.sls (pigs and c a t t l e ) are being r a i s e i . e v a ra l ..s ir s eg: the fam er brought suit again?: the la n d fill operator cl airing \ tr*- - m a t e r ia ls le a c h in g i r o n the l a n d f i l l were i n t e r f e r e : r.j :4 ' - ' wich th e re p ro d u c tio n o f h i s c a t t l e . Ee c l a iced t h a t h i s cow NPC00007513 770152 i i I t {> i i. i- were having ewcr ca lv e s and chat the c a lv e s were t r a i l e r cr.c l a s s v ig o ro u s. The s t a t e of In d ian a analyzed le a c h a te * i r : c the la n d fill but did not find anything to support the charge (they probably did n o t lo o 'c f o r ?C3 ( 6) . Whether o r not PCD's could be causing Che f a r a e r ' s p r o b l e s i s d i f f i c u l t to say w i t h out actually sampling his animals, but experiments.with labora to ry animals have shown t h a t PC3 ' do i n t e r f e r e w ith r e p r o d u c t i o n in the nannar described above. The le a c h in g ro a t h i s l a n d f i l l could e a s i l y be g e t t i n g i n t o the human fo o d - c h a in . C le a rly i n th e case of th e farm J u s : below the l a n e : i 11, PCI' s could be contaminating the pigs and c a c t i .. In s e d i t i o n . P.ichlar.i Creek n ea r.d e .s through many i ? r t ; where c a tt l e undoubted' y drink iroc. i t . Dairy c a t t l e expose: to very lev 1eve Is of PdB's v i l ! predw milk virr. le v e ls s e v e ra l chcuser.i-fold increased over the amount i n je c te d (cor.tar.cn'"l.'-. of milk is p a rtic u la rly serious because of the very larra t i t l e : i r . J e s : : i by sm ell c h i l d r e n , and the p o s s i b i l i t y the- tr o Fv oQrU;.: ^ J - 1"( * J ( * V 7 * ** . , ** *r s c l i i v HI." c n ly . Thi? lar. i f ; A** *. 9. i * . west of the pier.: in a r i c h e r TdT.JIS ' The dace in f igu rs 4 c'-ov cha 3. sen is Isa chin WpC 0 0 0 0 7 5 1 4 770153 j j i i s ijndiil m *3o 11130 t OK.cn ror u cc spc>i. v h ic h had washed own the g u l l y and i n t o the edge of the White R i v e r . When one compares th e up stream sample on the White R iver ( 2 3 1 , ,2 1 ppm) with the downstream sample (3 3 1 , ,21 ppm) i t beeches c le a r th a t, although m a te ria l is leaching from the l a n d f i l l , th e r i v e r i s a lr e a d y p r e t r y w e ll contam inated b e f o re i t p a s s e s by the l a n d f i l l area (as w ill be discussed l a t e r , however, the m a te ria l ccuid be emanating from the Westinghousa p l a n : ) . POnc r\, . y v A L ir At f i r s t a n a ly s is , the d ata p re se n te d here seemed to clavr*." indicate that Inerceen contaminated solid waste could r.ot be co r-tiin e : in s a n i t a r y l a n d f i l l as hod been a s s e r t e d by the Mens ant r. Chemical Company. T his l a n d f i l l a r t c a r e t : : be an ideal rest sate (unintentionally cf course): the la n d fill se:~ : well atte.-.de:, i t reportedly had receavad only Ir.arta-r. c * - - * t f * s e l l : w aste, and i t vas bounded by g u l l i e s s i r r i n g dt-r. covar 1 a erm o n j u n c t i o n . As i t tu rn e d .out, however, the case v ss r. sc a m p l e , T-.e l a n d f i l l e p o r t o r vas removing c a p a c i t o r cans f e e . the p la n : which had net boar, emptied, and apparently the l a n d f i l l v i z only p r o p e rly c c v e n d - c v a r when somebody had a r ran * A ^ t t cone cut f e r an i n s p a t r i e r .. The c o n d itio n ? were bad enough t h a t a gams warden m n p la in o i about the c i *.y m a t e r i a l s g e t t i n g i n t o the r i v e r from the l a n d f i l l . Obvm sV/, tr.e d ata do r.,-: a c c u r a te l y r e t act up-or. clap o?c. oc I n e r t e m c,r. .t t ! '.vl i w ssti in a sanitary iar.dftl*., 2.3 Sanitary landfill Surerr 3. During 19*2 a t h i r d l a n d f i l l s i t e -*? used : : : d sros of. s c l i d v a s ts co-.timlr.stad w ith In e rte e n . P r io r to using th e NPC0 0 0 7 S ls 770154 s i t e , b a s e l i n e s a n n i e s were ta k e n around t h e a r e a f o r PC2 a n a l y s i s . These 6axp l a s a l l showed t r a c e s o f v e ry "w e a th e r e d " ?C2 r e s id u e s In the ,010-.015 p?r. range--ty p ic a l of areas throughout the country which have only- re c e iv e d ?C3 ' s f r e a a t z o s p h e r i c f a l l o u t . 3, ilovezent of Inerceen rroo the Plant. At th e c iz e of sampling the c o s t l i k e l y a re a f o r eoverer.t t r o z the p la n t appeared to be tro s the north side of the b uilding where the tank cars delivered the aa ceria l. All of the drainage roa the plant grounds seered to zove northward toward Stout Creek. The d ata pres ted in F igure 5 show th e Znerteer. l e v e l s around the p l a n t , a s was e x p e cte d , a l l s a z p la s c o n ta in e d In e r te e r . sr.d th e a r e a where the tank c a r - e r n e s in i s q u i t e h ig h . The 316 s * r p i e sr `tv h i g h e r char, would be expected i f t h i s c u l v e r t re c e iv e * d ra in a g e s only i r o n the other ditches around the plant. The z e s t s u r p r i s i n g samples were those a t th e south s l i t of c b u i l d i r .?-- 310 a t 5 , 3G0 ppz i s TO-iold h ig h e r chan th e h i r h e s t s *.c a a r .- 'e v h i : h we had analyzed pri.-.r t h i s pr'-tra*:. TV ** ' aid cf th e b u V i .... - u ni m : plant. F ig u re 7 shove n o v erin e s : the I n e r t ear, i n t o ero a o s n b lo s s t : C reek and cn i n t o th e W hite P .iv e r, A f i s h s a r t i e a t th e t u z t t i o n o f -11- NPC00007516 770155 Scout Crack and beanblossoc Creek'shewed 5 .0 ppa PC3 , r.o s tly she Innrceen form ulation ( th e FDa U n i t f o r hucar. consumption in f i s h is 5 .C ppo). The samples on the White R iver i n d i c a t e chat c o n s id e ra b le PCS m a t e r ia l i s being brought down r i v e r i r o n sane unknown so urce which cannot be iron '-'estinghousa aperatior.fi. I t is r.ct p o ssib le to determine magnitude of the c o n trib u tio n fres k'estir.ghouse compared to the amount from the unknown w ith o u t u n d e rta k in g a d e t a i l e d w ater c a c ito ring program, Three fish sepias taken free a coceareis 1 fishercar. cvi- siresc or. the i: 3.ivsr (near the Worthington Bridge; <indica; e that fish fra-: this portico c: the river exceed 71A licit tor hues.-. cocsuctticn z i L . Z ppc. T e b l e 1 below presents these data. Tab la 1 r'--w*v.*r> r V UI v DUALITY A m A ! ' '?-.! U l >-!l ' * * i'-d r-r -i > ~; ; i These fiEh are very cctiriiely tr ana- ':u m g PCI'* hu:.;-. *. because ve b : rr;=sci f il? i : r; > ra icr it ok\r.. It w. _1L he but diet every c; these high lev:*.. a rgult try g r.:/ tc.lt le i to an investigation which would almost certainly discover the lesktgi Serial to the environner.; fro., the Blcccingtcn plant. NPC00007517 770156 NPC00007518 770157 rihiulTih 770158 UPC00007520 770159 i ,/ or; 6' ai:* o NPC00007521 < r. fen m V+ Vi- 770160 770161 t, t: i . i ! *r. y 3 T- f / O O Wi i n V \ X I i i 4 ca c . **. v - i.:<v ' <J I I il / ! / / I V i\ 1 c ~ \A*. / V ! I I f > J Pi > O U '. jV y ' I-i.. NPC0007523 770162 A u* - NPC00007524 770163 I Wesr.noftuL'ss Electric Corporator / Dmrj^utii'r Afl'JlJl Bos J4i. ni<iv',n`i':,.Ci', ire-.* P . S . 597076 Issued: INTERNAL HANDLING AND CONTROL CF INERTEEN Nate: Inerceer. is primarily a polychloi"!nated biphenyl, which sc:.' studies have shown nay be an environmental contaminant, th*. fore the following precautions must be taken. PROCEDURE: 1. DRAINS: Drains must be eliminated or p r e c e d e d so thaf.no i: erteen can get into sewer systems, storm or cirv. 2. WASTM?.*: Washers used to remove inerteen must be designed = as to e a closed self contained rocircuLa ring system to p r o ver.r any ir.erte-t-r. fvon enter: r-g dro;.ns, any varar ftori voi d er s con t ir.inr inerteen r/.jr-1 t a'p 1?.c e d in true,s anJ ha no 1-.d iI as specified ir. section 1 f V. S . 597076. 3. 7LC0HS: A syste-*' for containing inertftr* must exist and ::.ube adequate to prevent ir.orLeon fros; getting on the floor. 4. SAWDUST: Sawdust should'be usee only for application on iivrteen resulting fror* a accidental spill. All spills must be #c leano d up ir.rr.e-iicel y and the saw dus z disposed of per s ac t 1:n ' 3 cf ?.S . 597076. 5. CL?3: A cement curb should be placed around entire ine.tee:, precessing area and should be suitable to contain inerteen and prevent it from getting into drains adjacent to inerteen processing area :n case of a leak in inerteen storage terks. 6. Vapor-Inerteen-Tnn'Jar.sirs and filtering -- adis must exist on any axhaus ts that emit :notteen vapors either inti.- the plar.: or i r.to tho a t- -osoho re . : ;>oc ,, : on ? : . of-r to o n ar. ins flo o r. rr * APPROVED: ACCEPTED: Materials ongineei irt- Mgr. Purcna.-ing APPROVED: Mgr. Capacitor Engrg. NFC00007525 . ACCEPTED: . ACCEPTED: Mgr. Quality Suov. Sa retv Ccvii `! 770164 , v , *l*`1* _______________ / A / C / S E- O F CAUTION! CONTAINS ClILORINA ITD HUM iOCARHONS Avnitl prolong''!I liir.itiiiiii1.ui vapors or misls. Avoid contact wili pyr$ ci prolonged contar.! with skin. li skin contact occurs. rninovn by washin%gfp with soap and water. rollowin eyo <ontar l flush with water. J - jE A jC [ j t / Z . J ? P , ' U ~ e s t r i , 11 l < itr . M.-J'i d with flu:'r. laui'.'li; 1- i'tp- . I-.li,". .ig.mi. Ihir- iiml'i. 1 |*< '> IiIm iiu I-'i! :i,;!^Ty!'. vvlii- li Mii:.: In l i. .!i n:.iy hv | v k `- '!, na Ptr.ri si.. i '.il i *iii1.i.im :;i. nil, |:*i`.s,,'lv IN jnrtui" In i " i I.',il fc*;;'*, i l*u.( .tei;* tlu in! .w m l liir Idii-iia: r.iu: i.licuid hi i.iKfii !> pi`'vpifI ,iny eu!ry ink Ih*' lMuimh ripillr. rr.C. v.ii' iM.vil'i-n et !''ia;"p-. Cw iIk I vfn:t K i;"..im!ii rrclam.ilifMi I fluid alalivr n*f;l'-hiii; \\ l11i -,v_ A r t - s r ;AS i i (-'S 'OSAL he:>*pr.U'i ti,!i:nl,l li'.iitis nv.y i";|.'.iu'1iin;;:i: mm in (iini'i.T mMUiriisn . i m p*"i |"v.!ir.! Ship In: Supprvr 1* I'.pl A TJ'5 MiiriS-ANiO CCf/ii'ANY SAt'Of I, III.INCUS 67201 *I r '* <i I "1 i J- ;i .I l \i 'J * r* i A / - r* SHARON WORKS - ML-015 Nr. 0. C. Rissinger CC: Nr. C. A. Parris, Capacitor Section NEMA Dloominnton, Indiana 5Z2-420 April 1, 1971 AUSI Coirailttce on Use and Disposal of Askarels________ You recently wrote ms a letter Indicating that the ANSI Coomlttee would be formulated on the use and disposal of askarels* You further stated that representation on this Committee should be by strictly technical personnel with expertise 1n this field. Also NEMA has been requested to limit Its membership to represent companies Involved 1n transformers end capacitors. Based on your knowledge of the NEMA activities, you are recommending that Dr. T. K. Sloat, Chairman of the Subcommittee 1n ASTM on Insulating Liquids, be appointed to this ANSI Committee as a representative of that group. By carbon copy of this letter 2 am recommending to Mr. C. A. Parris that R. D. McClain, Chairman of the NEMA Technical Conmittee on Capacitors, be one of the three NEMA authorizations. I am reconmending that Mr. Parris get in touch with Nr. Salazar to accomplish this, Askarels are of vital importance to the pow er capacitor industry. The NEMA Capacitor Section should have strong technical representation on any ANSI work. Mr. McClain, 1n M s capacity as Technical Coirailttee Chairman, will be aware of the work being done by all capacitor companies and can make significant contributions to the progress of ANSI on this important subject. Would Mr. Parris also please advise the other members of the Capacitor Section of this action after it has been accomplished. D. H, Sauter General Manager Distribution Apparatus Division cci J. B. Brittain / '4 John: This .letter gets us started on requesting a NEHA space in ANSI, *1 will leave 1t up to Don McClain to make sure that Haryey Pickett Is Included as'a representative of this group. * D.M.S*. poor Q u a l it y o r ig in NPCO0 0 0 75 27 770166 National ElacMca! Mamrtacluvart AcsocMIon 155 East 44th Street * New York, N.Y. 1Q017 212-682-1500 May 4 , 1971 F i l e ; 11.C107 M essrs. D, E . A lle n ) R. D. McClain ) J . F . Kuzela H. R. Rowe ) ) W. C . R e in h a rd t ) C a p a c ito r and Transform er Sections C apacitor Section Transform er Section S u b je ct: NEKA R e p r e s e n ta tio n on ANSI S ta n d a rd s Conanit t e e on D is p o s a l o f A s k a re l Used in E l e c t r i c a l Equipment. C107 G entlem en : Upon recom m endation by th e r e s p e c t i v e S e c tio n s in d ic a te d above, the O ffic e rs o f the Codes and Standards Comm ittee, a t th e ir A p r il 1 8 , 1 9 7 1 , m e e tin g , ap p o in ted you a s th e p e rs o n n e l who w i l l co m p rise th e NEMA d e le g a tio n on th e new s u b j e c t ANSI C o a n l t t e e . In a d d i t i o n , Mr. R e in h a rd t h as been d e s ig n a te d a s Chairman o f th e NEMA d e le g a tio n on C 107. F o r ready r e f e re n c e , the scope and a com plete l i s t i n g o f th e NEKA d e le g a tio n on C107 a r e shown In th e a t t a c h e d . In o r d e r t o h e lp gu id e you in you r work a s a NEMA r e p r e s e n t a t i v e , we a r e en c l o s i n g a copy o f ou r " I n s t r u c t i o n s ' t o NEMA R e p r e s e n ta tiv e s on T ech n ical Consulttees o f O utside O rg a n iz a tio n s". By a copy o f t h i s l e t t e r , we a r e n o t i f y i n g a l l th o ae co n c e rn e d w ith t h i s a c t i v i t y o f your appointm ent so t h a t th e y may n o te th e ir records accordingly. A ttachs. c c ; D, L . P eyton - ANSI \T. B . P a p a g e o rg e , Chrmn. C107 Comm. A ; M. S a l a z a r , S e c y . C107 & TR S e c t . C . A . P a r r i s - CP S e c t . J . J . Kark A ssistan t - Engineering Engineering and S afety R egu lation s Department 770167 ANSI STANDARDS COMMITTER ON DISPOSAL OF ASKAREL USED IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, CIQ7 SCOPE : P ro ced u res and guides f o r the s a fe u se , m aintenance and d is p o s a l o f a s k a r e l and a s k a r e l-s o a k e d m a t e r i a l s used in e l e c t r i c a l equipment. NEMA DELEGATION; W* C . R e in h a rd t, Chairman NEMA D e le g a tio n C e n tr a l MOloney T ran sfo rm er D ivision, C olt Industries F . 0 . Box 101 S t . L o u is , Mo. 63166 D. E . A llen A llis-C h a lm e rs Mfg. Co. Columbus & P r e b le A v e s. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15233 J . F . Kuzela Sangamo E l e c t r i c Company P . O. Box -359 Springfield, 111. 62705 R. D. McClain V estlnghouse E l e c tr i c Corp. S h a rp s v llle Avenue Sharon, P a. 16146 H. R . Rowe McGraw-Edison Power Systems D iv isio n P . 0 . Box 160 So. Milwaukee, V ise. 53172 5/4/71 * NPC00007529 im m s m m 770168 National Elactrtcal Manufacturara AasodaflMi 155 East 44th Street * New York, N. Y. 10017 212-682-1500 May 4 , 197 1 F il e ; 11.C 107 Mr. E . R. Anderson American N ational Standards I n s titu te 1430 Broadway New Y o rk , N .Y . 10018 S u b je c t; ANSI S ta n d a rd s C o n n itte e on D isp osal o f A sk arel Used in E l e c t r i c a l Equipment. C107 D ear Mr. A nderson: NEMA, a s th e S e c r e t a r i a t o f th e s u b j e c t new ANSI C o n n itte e , w ishes to inform th a t i t has appointed th e Chairman and th e S e c re ta ry f o r th e C107 C o n n ittee as fo llo w s: Chairman S e cre ta ry - W. B .P ap ag eo rg e Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh B lv d . S t . L o u is , Mo. 63166 - A . M. S a l a z a r NEMA S t a f f For ready re fe re n ce , attach ed is a lis tin g o f the personnel who w i l l co m p rise th e NEMA d e le g a tio n on C 107, i i E n e l. c c ; W. B . Pap ageo rg e Ji~ M. S a la z a r NEMA R eps, on C107 D. L . P ey to n - ANSI C. A. P arris J . J . Kark Besa F i e rro , A dm inistrative A ssistan t - Engineering En gin eerin g and S afety R egulatlons Department i NPc 0 0 0 7 5 3 0 770169 Joseph F. Millar ^ Prasidtnt N ational Etac l Heal Manufacturer A u o c fa tio n 155 East t h Street New York, N.Y. 10017 212-682-1500 May 20, 2971 Mr* V. T. Cavanaugh Hanging D irecto r Awtrlcn Socloty for Taiti&g ad tutorial 1916 Rac* Street Philadelphia, Pataiylnjli 19102 Door Mr. C m a a u f b ; Hr. Salasir haa called to ny atteotloa your letter of May 13, 1971, in conaection with the proponed ANSI Coaaittee CIO7 oa Use end Disposal of Askarel Uaed ii IIImetrical Equipment. Tou Indicate the eat frequently heard criticise of the voluntary consensus standardise* tlon program is that it la duplicative, fragmented nad poorly coordinated. While 1 an sure thi is a fairly frequent criticiaa, X oa convinced that one e f t h e reel problea with the ayntea is that thara are too wany organisations who ara no jealous of thoir prerogatives that they devote substantial tine and energy to defending their own little kingdoms which time and energy could better be devoted to Standardisation effort. T note that yea quote the cope of Committee C-2T, and indicated that you fait the- work of the proposed ANSI Coaaittss would bs within the scope of the existing ASTM Coaaittee. X feel certalo that there are aeny ASTM conaittosa that have ratheT broad ecopea, tone of which no doubt could be Interpreted to include areas which NEMA h a , for many year, regarded as within the scope of N23MA activity. X can assure you that we have no intention ef withdrawing fro our activities because of the way the scope of an ASTM Coaaittee is written. It is else Interest lot to note that., although you state the proposed ANSI Coaaittee would be duplicative of the work of the ASTM Comalttee, there la ne lad1cation that the ASTM Coaaittee has, in effect, done any work whatsoever is this araa. It was the complete failure of ASTM to sea that their Cennltteo Chairaan was aware of the breadth of the Society's scope which then contributed to this work being channeled toward ANSI by the large uaere of Askarel and t|jQ^^sequont formation of tho ANSI Coonlttoo. q u a lity ORIGINAL *.T"/r!iiiifltNT 3 a 'Rs&Ki&fV NPC00007531 &S50&2 770170 Mr. If. T . Cavanaugh May 2 0 , 1971 -2- I t I s my u n d e rs ta n d in g , fu r th e rm o r e , t h a t ASTM has two r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s on th e ANSX-EETA8 which approved th e fo rm a tio n o f th e ANSI C om m ittee. One o f th e ASTM Committoe r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s v o ted a f f i r m a t i v e l y on th e p r o p o s a l; th e o t h e r f a i l e d to respond a t a l l . I t would have been much more h e lp fu l I f your o f f i c i a l r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s brought your o b j e c t i o n s t o th e a t t e n t i o n o f ANSI w h ile th e m a tte r was b ein g d is c u s s e d b e f o r e th e BETAS r a t h o r than w a itin g u n t i l th is l a te d a te , thereby fu rth e r delaying a v i t a l program. F in a lly , I agree com pletely with th e statem ent in the th ird paragraph o f your l e t t e r th a t the "problem is- one th a t should be d e a lt w ith by our system o f v o lu n tary consensus s ta n d a r d iz a tio n . I t a f f e c t s a la rg e and im p ortan t In d u s try . I t a f f e c ts government. I t a f f e c ts th e gen eral p u b lic. I t i s a problem demanding prompt A tte n tio n .'* We in NEMA a r c w e ll aw are o f t h i s . We have no r e a l i n t e r o s t in where th e work i s don e. The im p o rta n t th in g i s t h a t i t be don e. I r e g r e t to n o te t h a t , as I. sa id b e f o r e , nowhoro in you r * l e t t e r do you s t a t e th a t t h is work is in f a c t being, done o r w i l l bo done by th e ASTM Com m ittee. ; Sincerely yours,' JFM /jr c c : W. F . Pap ageo rg e 8 . L. Peyton H. N. M u ller A. M. S a la z a r Joseph F. M iller P re sid e n t ' V " '.V s: V fln W to u rilT * 4P MPC00 0 7 S 3 2 770171 August 5 , 1971 Mr. B ernard H. F a lk V ice President Government and Membership S e r v ic e s N ational E le c tr ic a l M anufacturers A ssociation 155 East 44th S treet New Y o rk , New York 10017 S u b je ct; H.R. 10085 and H.R. 8576 Dear Mr. F a lk : In response to your l e t t e r s o f August 2 and June 1 6 , 1971 w ith re g a rd to l e g i s l a t i o n in tro d u ced by Congressman Ryan p r o h ib itin g th e u se o f P C B 's, we w ish t o o f f e r th e fo llo w in g comments; 1. W ithin the broad c la s s o f m a te ria ls cate g o riz e d as PCB's a re included th e s e v e r a l a a k a re ls e x te n s iv e ly employed in the m anufacture o f tran sform ers.' and cap acitors. 2. Suitable altern ativ e flu id s incorporating the safety f e a tu r e o f n o n -fla m o a b lllty and o f economy a r e n ot availab le. 3 . More than 30 y e a r s e x p e r ie n c e w ith c o n t r o l l e d menu* f a c tu r e and use o f th e se m a te r ia ls in e l e c t r i c a l d e v ic e s do n o t su p p o rt th e p o s i t i o n t h a t th e y r e p r e s e n t such seriou s hazards as to req u ire a t o t a l ben on th e ir use in a l l ap p licatio n s. 4 . C o n tro lle d u se o f a s k a r e le may be f a v o r a b ly compared w ith numerous exam ples o f w id esp read , c o n t r o ll e d usage o f oth er p o te n tia lly hazardous m a te ria ls. 5 . The response o f th e dom estic s u p p lie r o f FCB, Monsanto Chemical Company, in p ro v id in g a r e f in e d a s k a r e l w ith th e more h ig h ly p e r s is t e n t com ponents' removed p ro v id es a sound b a sis f o r fu rth e r p r o te c tio n a g a in s t any p ro longed o r long term danger th a t could r e s u lt from s p i l l s , ~ o r oth er inadvertent lo ss. NPC00007533 770172 Hr. Bernard H. Falk Page 2 August 5 , 1971 6. Action in foreign co u n tries, bringing the usage o f a sk a re ls under co n tro l can serve as a u sefu l guide in domestic actio n . We, th erefo re f e e l th a t NEMA should e s ta b lis h th e proper a c tio n to put th is matter in the proper perspective before the in terested groups and persons in Congress. The needs fo r a s k a re ls in power c a p a c ito rs and the adequate c o n tro ls alread y e s ta b lish e d in our in d u stry , should assu re re sp o n sib le a c tio n by Congress and the e l e c t r i c a l Ind ustry. I b e lie v e we can work to g e th e r fo r r e a l i s t i c c o n tro l o f PCB m a te ria l. We a ls o recommend th a t NEMA be Instru m en tal in b rin g in g about e a rly a c tio n by ANSI-C107 to e s ta b lis h recommended procedures fo r d isp osal o f waste a sk a re ls. S in c e re ly , D, H. S s u te r General Manager D istrib u tio n Apparatus D iv ision 1 NPC00007534 770173 @ BU ILD IN G - T r a n s m is s io n fi: D istrib u tio n M r. E . V. C larke, Jr. Executive V ice President ff3IP S P T D -S o u th B o s to n tw 2 2 5 -7 2 0 0 o O cto b e r 2 8 , 19 7 6 Retrofitting of P C B filled T ran sform ers c c : SHARON - M r. R. A. B ak er, J r . , G eneral M anager c'c: BLOOMINGTON - M r. D. M. S au ter, G en eral M anager A t the p re se n t tim e ce rtain developm ents are o ccu rrin g which 1 believe d e s e rv e our attention re la tiv e to the future s e rv ic e and possib le " r e t r o fittin g " of tra n sfo rm e rs now filled with P C B 's . Som e of these developm ents are as follow s: (1) Dow C o m in g 's m arketing developm ent m an, M r. T o r O rbeck, is callin g on m an y of ou r c u s to m e rs and attending v a rio u s industry m eetin g s, prom oting silicon e fluid and encouraging u sers who have tra n s fo rm e rs filled with P C B to con sid er draining the P C B and refillin g with silicon e fluid. T his would leave about re sid u a l PCB, ffwi P^i? */ A r * h s * c J* * i (2) T h e se cu sto m e rs a re callin g us and asking if this can be dona. We a re telling them that s tr ic tly from a tech n ical standpoint we a re not su re and, for a fee, we will in vestigate th eir design and give them our b e st a d v ic e . T he two m o st c r i t i c a l te ch n ica l co n ce rn s of which we know about now a r e : (a) W h eth er the exp an sion of the silicon e fluid during heavy load (which is sign ificantly g re a te r than the expansion of in erteen ) w ill co m p re ss the gas above the fluid le v e l to a p re s s u re g r e a te r than the desigh p re s s u re of the tank. Dow Corning sa y they have m ade tests which convince them this is not a p rob lem because while the silicone does expand, it also ab sorb s the gas su fficien tly to offset what would oth erw ise re su lt in an e x c e s s iv e p re s s u re r is e . We a re in the p ro c e s s of running te s ts to v e rify th eir claim but it will be s e v e ra l weeks before the te sts are com pleted. (b) W h eth er silico n e fluid, having different v is c o s ity v e rs u s te m p e ra tu re c h a r a c te r is tic s w ill, in fa c t,a d e q u a te ly co o l the tra n s fo rm e r w ithout d e ratin g . Dow Corning has no e x p e rtis e in this a r e a but we a r e a lso running te sts to d eterm in e w h eth er the cooling c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the silico n e fluid would, in f a c t, be adequate in a r e tro fit situation. T hese te sts, too, w ill not be com plete fo r sev eral weeks. rv l NPC00007535 770174 -2 - (3) Once we have the re su lts of the te s t data we will have a reason ab le b asis fo r m aking a sound engineering reco m m e n d a tio n ---a t le a st fo r South B oston d e sig n s. F o r Sharon designs which a r e now within our c h a r te r , we fe e l it would be .best fo r Sharon to an sw er the c u s to m e rs fo r the reaso n s th at we don't have the design data h e re at South B oston , n o r do we have the m anpow er available to re s e a rc h the design, n or a re o u r e n g in e e rs a s f a m ilia r with the Sharon d esig n c r i t e r i a fo r p u rp o se of in te rp re tin g its ad ap tab ility to re tro fit as is Sharon en g in eerin g . A s a m a tte r of p o licy /p ro ce d u re this p roblem needs to be reso lv ed to the b est ad vantage of the b u sin ess unit. (4) M eanw hile, th ere are efforts in p ro g re ss which, if su cce ssfu l, m ay a t le a s t m ake it aw kward if not im possible to " r e tr o f it" in any even t. (a) You have advised that an E E I com m ittee announced a t the la s t AEIC m eeting their recom m endation against retro fit. (b) ANSI C -1 0 7 S p e cia l T a s k F o r c e h as published a p ro p o sed sta n d a rd upon the stro n g en cou ragem en t of E P A which "re c o m m e n d s " a g a in st r e tr o f it, or if re tro fit is m ade, the retro fitted unit m u st c a r r y a . sp e cia l nam eplate indicating it is filled with insulating fluid co n tam i nated with P C B . (c) W es tinghouse h as two m e m b e rs on this ANSI C -1 0 7 c o m m itte e , M r. T . K. Sloat from Sharon and a m an fro m Bloom ington. To m y knowledge, our two rep resen tativ es have not been ad vised by ou r m an agem en t how they should d ire c t th e ir e ffo rts in this en d eavor with re s p e c t to what our m anagem ent b elieves is the b e st co u rse to pursue (i. e. w hether re tro fit is good o r bad) and a r e th e re fo re pursuing the co u rse that th eir own p ro fessio n al exp erien ce in d icates is b est. It should be c le a r I d on't h on estly know w hether it is b e tte r to re tro fit o r n o t.' M y point is th at I-doubt the su b ject . h a s b een c a re fu lly stu d ied in a l l its ra m ific a tio n s and u ltim a te econom ic and environm ental im pact. Instead, we appear to be follow ing the E P A without thinking the p ro b lem through o u rs e lv e s . d) The ANSI C -1 0 7 proposed standard recom m ending n o -re tro fit is now out fo r b a llo t. It iB e x p e c te d the s ta n d a rd w ill be ap p ro v e d . W hen it is approved, we understand E P A will use it as the b asis fo r a p ro p o s e d r u le -m a k in g . In due c o u rs e (p erh ap s a one y e a r in te r im ) the proposed rule b ecom es a firm regu lation . At th at point it will be illegal to retro fit. (5) T h e re is the p ro b lem of n o rm a l s e rv ic e for P C B filled .units, re g a r d le s s o f'h o w the r e tr o f it m a tte r turns out. Both B ob B a k e r and I a r e in c o m p le te a c c o r d in o u r o b je ctiv e of keeping an y t r a n s f o r m e r s co n tain in g P C B out of the m anufacturing plants once we finish production of those units now on o rd e r. B u t we recogn ize our c o n tra c tu a l re sp o n sib ility fo r rep airin g units within the w arran ty p eriod and our c o m m e rc ia l resp o n sib ility for se rv icin g units which a re out of w a rra n ty . N orm ally this '-'.-/Slav* fi-' XAaO: NPC00007536 770175 -3- work is done by the S ervice Divisions within th eir c h a rte r. 1 talked with E d P r i c e about th is l a s t F r id a y and he a g r e e s with us but, as you m ay know b e tte r than I, he is fa ce d with unknown problem s in tryin g to w ork on P C B units in the fu tu re and com p ly with w h a te v e r ru les and regulations a re prom ulgated by E P A and perhaps by the D ep artm en t of T ra n sp o rta tio n , e tc . B ut fo r planning p u rp o ses I feel th ere needs to be clo se cooperation betw een the m anufacturing divisions and the s e r v ic e d iv isio n s. F o r the n o rm a l r e p a ir function he needs to know w h ere he can obtain m ak e-u p in e rte e n when M onsanto c e a s e s to be a su p p lier. He needs to know how he can "to p -o ff" an in erteen unit if in erteen is not available using trich lorob en zen e a n d /o r oil, e tc . If retro fittin g is pursued he needs to know which units can be re tro fitte d without d e ra tin g . His s e r v ic e p o licie s need to be developed in te ch n ica l and co m m e rcia l consonance with our bu sin ess unit and the group o r we c a n get o u r s e lv e s m o r e tan gled up than the g o v e rn m e n t its e lf . (6) In the foregoin g, I have not even trie d to a s s e s s the P C B -in -o il problem s. (7) And th e re is an u rg e n cy to developing ou r s tr a te g ie s and p lan s b e ca u se M onsanto has announced a rigid tim e schedule for th eir PC B exit. Within th ree months W estinghouse m u st place o rd e rs fo r w hatever am ounts of P C B we m ay decide we w ant fo r the fu tu re. It m ight be ap p rop riate to con sid er form ing a task group which would w ork to develop a plan fo r, and with the full su p p ort of, the m an u factu rin g and the eerv ice divisions. - It would develop s tra te g y , plan die ta c tic s and im plem ent appropriate action. - It would Beek to estab lish a dialogue with E P A , with our cu stom ers (m ost of them are industrial and construction) and p erh ap s through NEM A with the m an u factu rin g in d u s try -try to determ ine What is going to happen and when. It would a s s e s s w hat ch an ce we (in d ivid u ally a s one m a n u f a c tu r e r or co llectiv ely as an industry) would have of changing the co u rae of events as they seem to be developing. - If we believe we can a ffe ct the co u rs e of events the ta sk group needs to decide what co u rse is b e st and, if it is deem ed w orthy, jn ak e the e ffo rt to cau se the ch an ge. - T h e ta sk grou p would s e e m b e s t h ead ed fay the m a rk e tin g fu n ction but it needs tech n ical, legal and econom ic support. :& NPC00007537 770176 -4- This is not intended to be an erudite o r com prehensive exposition of the p ro b lem s and even le s s so th eir solu tion . B u t 1 do b elieve the p ro b lem s a re re a l and if we org an ize p ro p erly we m ay be able to influence w hat happens in a b en eficial way and a t le a s t we should be able to avoid m aking c o s tly e r r o r s in o u r own p lan s. It s e e m s to m e this P C B situ atio n is going to be a re a l headache fo r everybody con cern ed before we a re through with it. Our cu sto m e rs and even E P A a r e looking fo r help in solving the p rob lem s ahead. 1 think if we take a thoughtful lead ersh ip ro le we can help solve th ese p ro b lem s. F o r in stan ce, by ca re fu l, in-depth an aly sis of the u ltim a te c o u r s e o ev en ts we can show te c h n ic a lly and e c o n o m ic a lly w h e th e r re tro fit is , o r is n ot, a good thing to do. It is even p ossib le th at E P A would p ay us fo r su ch a stu d y. 770177 / hBn ' Engineering Dept. MN : te,B : September 11, 1972 Sdgeci' i Mr. D. M. Sauter. Chairman NEW Cap. Coranitte e cc: C. A, Parris Because I w ill be attending school, i t w ill not be possible to attend the October 3 meeting o f ANSI C-107 at Gaithersburg. Md. Because th is meeting o f the main committee w ill consider the recently completed d ra fts o f the "Guidelines fo r Handling and Disposal o f Capacitor and Transformers Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls?, i t 1s important th a t an a lte rn a te delegate be designated by the NEKA Capacitor Comnlttee. Accordingly, I recommend th a t Mr. J. H. P ld c e tt, o f Westlnghouse D.A.D. be so designated. Mr. P icke tt Is well acquainted w ith the proposed guidelines and the various Im plications o f th e ir adoption by the in d u s try , and 1s e n tire ly competent to serve 1n th is capacity. RDM:kh R. D. McClain, Chairman NEMA Tech. Comnlttee, CP-1 S ff 23 jA L c e M e $ & !nx f* mm NPC00007539 770178 f Westinghouse Electric Corporation Oilirihonint Appsntux l^iviiion 11m J41. lih B iiu tn fio n . Iinluna 4*4111 September 14, 1972 R. D. McClain, Chairman NEMA Tech. Comnl tte e , CP-1 Subject: ANSI C-107 "Guidelines fo r Handling and Disposal o f Capacitor and Transformers Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Diphenyls'* 1 agree w ith your recocmendation th a t Nr. J. H. P ic k e tt, o f D is trib u tio n Apparatus D ivision be designated as a lte rn a te to attend the October 3rd meeting o f ANSI C-107, and you should proceed accord in g ly . cc: C. A, P arris A. M. Salazar D. N. Sauter, Chairman NEMA Capacitor Section NPC00007540 770179 Suggested Response to Notice o f PCB S p ill: Scope: Establish fa s t response'to notice o f major s p ill o f PCB (A roclor/Inerteen); outline action to n o tify a u th o ritie s; Indicate methods o f containment; e stablish standard, basic Inform ation fo r Use by those concerned; act to minimize costs, li a b i li t y , loss o f m aterial. A. Incoming notice o f s p ill to be directed to 1) R. 0. McClain - (812 ) 332-4421, Extension 273 or (812) 332-5056 (Home) 2) R. B. Sawyer - (812) 332-4421, Extension 220 or (812) 332-7461 (Home) 3) A. J. Fink - (812) 332-4421, Extension 298 or (812) 332-5775. (Home) B. Notice o f s p ill w i ll be provided by telephone (by one o f the above 3 persons) to the fo llo w in g : 1) Monsanto (618) 271-5835 and B i ll Moore, Akron 2) Indiana Stream P o llu tio n Control Board (317) 633-4420 or 317 633-5369 or (317) 633-4360 ( a fte r hours) Immediately, whenever possible, n o tify the-nearest downstream water user. 3) E.P.A. a) I f s p ill 1s North o f U.S. Highway #40, Chicago (312) 353-6188 or (312) 353-563B b) I f s p ill Is South o f U.S.Highway #40. Evansville (812) 423-6871, Extension 266 [same fo r I l l i n o i s ] 4) Illin o is 5) -Mestinghoise a) Gateway - Roger H ills , Attorney; WIN 8-235-5815 L. D. Home Al ternate: NPC00007541 770180 (b) Bloomington - D.A.D. - D. M. Sauter, Plant Manager - 332-0095 - D. W illiam s, Manager o f Manufacturing -339-0611 - J. B r itta in , Manager o f Engineering - 332-5622 - J. L. Shoaff, Matls & Stds. Engineer - 876-5207 - G. E. M ercler, Capacitor Engrg. Manager - 336-3880 - N. E. Maguire, Manager o f Shipping - 332-7646 - K. K e lly , Purchasing Manager - 332-9666 C. A ll r a t i shipments, Sauget, I llin o is to Bloomington, are via I llin o is Central Railway, over routes Indicated on attached map. ("A ") Nearest highway point (town) is c irc le d on attached segment o f highway map, ( r,B^ or "C") Bloomington D.A.D. representative w ill depart fo r s p ill s ite as soon as possible. I t Is understood th a t the railw ay w ill be in charge o f wreck salvage. (A booklet from the American Railway Association o u tlin e s handling o f non-hazardous m a te ria ls .) Depending on the magnitude o f the wreck, one o f the fo llo w in g w ill be 1n charge: Large - Superintendent Medium - A ssistant Superintendent Small - Local Trainmaster ("D") Assistance to be rendered w ill be 1n the nature o f providing Inform ation as to id e n tific a tio n o f the m a te ria l, precautions to be follow ed, the urgent need to control and contain the s p i l l , and possible means fo r disposal. a) Nature o f m a te ria l: 5ee label on car. (Copy attached) ("E ") See attached e xtra ct from ANSI C-107. See In d u s tria l hygiene excerpts from C-107. ("F ") b) CAUTION: DO NOT FLUSH SPILL WITH WATER. DO NOT INCINERATE OR BURN IN THE OPEN ATMOSPHERE,' EXTINGUISH ANY FLAMES WITH DRY TYPE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS,. c) Contain s p ills onto open ground w ith earth dikes or w ith j- absorbent m aterial such as OIL DRY, SAND,SAWDUST, e t c l, or s o il, ~wh1ch can be recollected fo r fu tu re disposal. Drain o f f f lu id remaining In tank car In to sealed drtsns. d) Note th a t f lu id Is heavier than water and Is almost com pletely insoluble. " S p ills In to shallow, s t i l l water, o r slow moving water, may.be rr.sV.* . ,j.' -2 i t " .l fr*. NPC00007542 \Ih , '" ^ r- f J* ' - .. . r contained w ith suitab le dikes allowing surface cle sr-^ater to overflow 1f necessary. Pump or s lu ic e o u t.c o n ta tflijttln g ' f lu id from bottom. w . " **u- * e) PCB flu id s and contaminated m aterials may be disposed by placing 1n sealed drums. Shipment, to disposal s ite (Monsanto or Chemtrol), w ill be arranged subsequently. V is ita tio n to the s it e by Indiana Stream Control Board Representative should be expected (1n Indiana), to review action being taken, and possibly to make suggestions or to o ffe r in s tru c tio n s , ( I f in s tru c tio n s are not follow ed, Westinghouse may become lia b le fo r the consequences.) ("G") D. Inform ation to the press: In q u irie s from th press or other news media are to be refe rred t o _______________________ E. Indiana State Board o f Health regulation SPC-16 requires 5 steps to be completed on notice o f s p ill [See excerpt from Indiana Environmental Health A ction, attached). Submission o f a complete re p o rt may be required by the Indiana Stream P o llu tio n Control Board Technical 7 Secretary. F. Notice o f lesser s p ills may require p a rt, or a l l , o f the actions above: Possible "medium" s p ills can re s u lt during shipment o f waste to Chemtrol fo r disposal. Such s p ills can involve other a u th o ritie s (than I llin o is or Indiana). A card o f minimum in s tru c tio n s (s im ila r to th a t o f Monsanto's on the tank car) Is to be provided to the d riv e r on each shipment. (See attached). ("H") G. S p ills from apparatus enroute to a customer are lik e ly , but sm allest In po te n tia l magnitude. : ' l . r'1i".' .* 7j "S p ill Control In stru ctio n s" attached. 3 m a m m e s iu t ' ; *- NPC00007543 770182 *"fU' . ;-; A pril 4 f 1972 Hr. V. H. t o f a n a Engineering Hanagsr, Switchgear B iv . - 7N tfeatlnghouse E le c tr ic Corporation East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15112 'Tr . . SUM e t I Ww fatfattM l RECEIVE- A P R I 01972 w r . mors, office Boar Hr. Ferguscm: As requested by Hr. ten tar, l a Ida l a t t a r o f Harsh 20th. saber coapanlss in the NEMA Capacitor S e c tio n , v s are giving yon regarding warning la b e ls eo ca p a cito rs At the preeent t la e ca p a cito rs o f tha type rupresaated bp the Capacitor S ectio n contain b u ilt - in discharge r a s i a t e n . Tha UHL standards re O quire th at tha nameplate of the cap acito r la d lsa ta whether or s o t r e s is to r la in s ta lle d . At the preeent tla e we do not Include any o th er warning regardlag short c ir c u itin g and grounding b efo re handling on tha n a a e p l a t a I n e ta ad e a r nanaplate contains s stataaant cautioning tha eaatoner to read the in stru ctIso booh before in s ta llin g or operating. Tha In stru ctio n book doss contain adequate warning concerning the hasarda o f handling a charged c a p a c ito r. Ha th erefo re do not Intend e t th is t la e to add any ad d itio n al w an in g to th e noonplato. With regard t e p oly ch ler d lp h m y ls, we da s o t tb ia k th a t m y o f tha MEHA c o m ltte a a should take s e tlo a a t th is, t in s regarding the ad d ition o f warning p la te s to c a p s e ito rs . ASSI Coaadttaa C-lfiT eo which SEHA l e re paeaant e l , la cu rren tly e s ta b lis h in g guide lin e s fo r tha handling and d isp o sal o f cap acito rs containing PCB's. Ws b elie v e th a t a wnlfoxn warning la b e l should'ha adopt** by tha industry and th at th is uniform warning la b e l should be developed by A861 C-107. Ve do agree th a t onee agraeoent l a reached on each a la b e l th a t a l l oapacltora within the scope of the aactioa should bear th is la b e l. Vary tr u ly you rs,' e c i C. A. T e rr is / D. K." S se te r O * . J . Hopbine, tbmager ' Tower C apacitar trsd so t. lo g in e e tin i' * .r . .3W\V-, UPC00007544 770183 Monsanto MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHCMCALS CO. 260 S irin g a la Qrlvo ` A kren , O h io 44313 Phons: (216) 60S-4111 Ju ly 28, 1975 Mr. Don Sauter Plant Manager WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Box 341 Bloomington, Indiana 47401 Dear Mr. Sauter: a We wish to bring to your attention problems associated with disposal of waste chlorinated biphenyl products in our incinerator at Sauget,, Illinois: 1. Some recent returns have been in completely unsuitable drums which have been severely corroded and unsealed. Some drums have been overfilled so that expansion in transit has not been contained. Loose stowage in trucks has resulted in movement o f the load in transit. The results have been spillage into the truck and in some cases, contamination of other goods in the truck which then had to be destroyed. We have had to hold trucks at our plant for cleaning, attracting demurrage charges and diverting plant personnel from productive tasks. The potential cost of cleanup, had.such leaks in transit caused detectable environmental contamination, might have been significant. ' Truck cleaning at Sauget increases the risk of escape of PCB-containing effluent from our own plant which could jeopardize our ability to continue normal controlled pro duction. It would indeed be distressing if1*1 * V *>* un it o f Monaanlo Company NPC00007545 HM99H 770184 July 28, 1975 - Page Z -these incidents led to the inability of the industry to use chlorinated biphenyl in spite of industry efforts on ANSI C-107 and EIA ad-hoc committees. We seek your assistance in ensuring that returns from your company are appropriately packed, sealed and stowed for return. Costs incurred in handling inadequately packed returns will be billed to the company involved. 2.We have requested prior contact before EACH 'return so that we can send the required number of PCB Warning Labels. We are still receiving drums without warning labels. In the event of a spill in transit, the absence of warning labels could be a factor in assessing liability. We seek your help in ensuring that we send you enough suitable labels for each return. 3. We attach a copy of .the form letter that we will be sending with labels to advise on correct return procedure. You will note that this letter advises that our incinerator cannot handle solid waste. It is designed to handle liquid streams only. We still receive drums containing rags, sawdust, and metal . and wooden components. In the past, our plant personnel have taken care to separate solid wastes and have arranged separate special disposal of the solid wastes. This will not continue. As from June 1, 1975, a charge of at least $100 will be made if labor is diverted to separating solid waste. Additionally, the solid waste will be suitably packaged and returned freight collect to the sender. While we wish to continue to assist the electrical industry in disposal of liquid waste chlorinated biphenyl in our incinerator, we cannot and will not permit the service to become inoperable because of abuse by a small number of companies. U PC 00007546 770185 July Zfi, 1975 - Page 3 * ;5 *3 We thank you for your assistance in regulating returns from your company. Sincerely,- *U ' A DLMsjs D. L. Mellon Regional Sales Manager Specialty Products Group CC: Keith Kelley Larry Zimmerman ^ $ A 1 ;t j ,,PC00007547 770186 ! HEHORAHPUM TOR F I L E Re: Testimony of Donald K. Sau^ c er at Environment a1 Management Board Hearing September 30, 1976 and October 1. 1976________ Following ore 117 note of vhat Hr. S&u^Bter'a testimony consisted of a t the hearing. I t 1 w ritten In the f i r s t person, as I f S au ^^ar ware speaking: I'v e been the general manager a t Vastlngouae for B years. The products of the Bloomington plant are cut out switches, reclosu ras and breakers, lig h tn in g a rre s to rs , shunt ca p a cito rs, serie s capacitors and com unicatlon devices. The capacitors use a d ijese t r i e which la used to prevent e l e c t r i c i t y from shorting aeross poises. Our d / ^ e c t r l e Is called Inerteen. I t 'a n PCS. A cap acitor consista of d ie le c tr ic m aterial between aluminita p la te s. P art of tha d ie le c tr ic m aterial ia d ie le c tr ic solid a--paper, and film . These d ie le c tr ic solid s withstand e l e c t r i c atrasa b a tte r I f lmpragnanted with the d ie le c tric flu id . The d ie le c tric flu id is inserted in the cap acitor can through a hole, which a fte r te stin g fo r leaks, Is placed In an impregnating rode* oven fo r aeveral daye. Tha oven la fI lia d with afcwl sjr, 1016. The the flu id is pumped out. Vhen the oven is flooded, PCB gets on the e x te rio r o f the cap acito r. Our f i r s t action Is to wipe the cap acitors with paper towels which ere transported to s c ie n tif ic la n d fills . The cap acitor is then washed. A fter washing the rlnae water goes to the sewer a f t e r some recyclin g. The rin se watsr dees not pass through a treatment fa c ility . Ve gat our PCB'b from Monsanto, Vo c a l l than a to clo r 1016. Wa have also purchased a to clo r 1232 and 1221. P rior to 1971, aroclor 1016 was not availab le. In the la s t year a t DAD we used one to two million pounds of PC8s. <*D t>^> Sampling of our effluent has been dons by us "dtaTths c ity . UPC00007548 770187 Vie have data taken of our di schargrs, nnd documents coin tin e 'to * '0 the discharge^ at the plane. To my knowledge we have used the cap acitor washer since 1958, and the wiping procedure began In 1976. _ -- ^ _ _________ As to other disposal methods, ANSI C-107 addressee i t s e l f to the usage and disposal of PCBs. We have followed t h a t 's tan dard. As to non-liquid wastes, we have placed our soil'd' in *sealedm*s"te a l_d,ru m,,strain. d sent them i\ tt*oti a Hew York la n d fill since 1972. Before 1972 we used the Monroe County lan d fill for two months during Che Sumner. P rio r to chat I don't re c a ll the la n d fills th at wa used. 1 do r e c a ll that ve fired one of aur haulers, Neai, fa r not taking proper care of our trash . My duties a t DAD Include environmental a f f a ir s . I'v e bean aware that PCDs were a p oten tial contaminant since about 1969. 1 learn ed 'th is from the newspapers. One objective a t ortir'plant has been to minimize our discharge of. PCBs into the environment. We did not consider PCBs a contaminant in 1968. In 1968 and 1969 we were not giving p a rtic u la r concern Co the wash w ater. ` Wa began regular aatlng of our affluent waters in 1974 and 1975. Ve became aware of the a v a ila b ility of the solvent washer in 1972 and,1973. I do not know vhethar the Aqua Technics eqg, report included a recommendation of s solvant bath. I am aware of the ANSI C-107 standard, and to my knowledge DAD has mat or exceeded th is standard. We f i r s t began using paper towels in 1976, and p rio r to 1976 did not use that step In our production process. . Aroclor 1242 was used by us p rior to 1971 and we also called i t Intarcsen. As to whether Westinghouse took resp o n sib ility fo r m aterials at the dumps, I know that Westinghouse has. had people v i s i t the dumps. - 2- --------------NPC00007549 770188 We used Aroclor 1242 before 1971, anti aruclor 1016 a fte r 1971, We called each Incerteen. The pmvjjLt cane a r t now made of aealnlaae a ta e l. We th lfta d over in the 1968 to |70-y ea^ Only our power and aerie* capacitor* communication equipment use In te rte e n . - --; --l Chlnk of wattes (see ANSI-107 Section 3 .3 6 ) as ifefled C ap acito r*S aw d u st, liquid aroclor* rag s, flo o r dry, ncT-'Other- product vich -o il and-liquid a ro c lo r. l i .:...1'.11 : : i v i* f i r s t awaro-that our wash water vent to the SIP in 1972 or 1973. I knev.ithac because o f a survey we did at to where FGBs might he escaping. At th at time we made a '-Hat of p rio rity ltema that deserved our atten tion in reducing our Interteen lo sses. . ... During the two months In 1972 that wa used tha Monroe -County'landfill, -we sent ^solid w a s te s ja ila ile d cap acito rs, which Included la te rts e n , and aavduat. Wa hava-usad la ss and ~leas sawdust since 1969 because our houaekeepin^ias been b e tte r. 1 c a n 't give the d etails of whsre wa durapad lo cally -prior to the au m sr of 1 9 7 2 ,-however* I believe that two other la n d fills ware involv(77-Neal' a Dump and N eal's L an d fill. 1 believe that wa have used three d ifferen t trash haulers since 1968. All were located in 1-cate. I don't remember the d atails of why we fire d the trash hauler fo r doing an inadquite Job. ' The people a t Wsstlnghouse who vara rasponsibla fo r such matters knew whara the trash haulers ware caking the trash , at ls a s t a fte r 1969. Our reason for Binding tho trash to Hew York was th at tha la n d fill was EPA approved. We haveaent no wastes contaminated with Inertean to lo ca l la n d fills since sometime in 1972. We fiifp the switch because I wee uncertain about the appropriateness of local la n d fills fa r such discharges. I don't know who hauls our wastes to New York. -3- NPC00007550 770189 tie began periodic munLeoring of our ewer discharges In Che early part of 1975. Our monitoring was done through a grab sample taken a t an access hole five fe e t from our p la n t.. He have taken samples approximately once a month. He shifted over to the New York la n d fill as p art of our policy <&:X4.dU3in.FCB discharges and as ve learned more about how . to handle vastea. .- In .1969 sc ie n tis ts were beginning 60 look at Interteen qijd trying .to .find ou t .what PCBs ware. At about the same time we began looking a t ways to control Interteen wastes. I do not know the sp e cific locations of the la n d fills where ve put wastes during the period 1968-72. I am not aura which la n d fill or .when. Z have never been to a la n d fill on Meetinghouse's behalf. At tlswa I have aeen records as to la n d fills , .and 1 have had reported to me that we used the Whitehall and Owan County disope. I have been to the Dlllman f'du'vto Road^previously on sty own behalf anJ not for Hestinghousa. 1 do not know the e ffe c ts our In-plant .corrective measures w ill have on our PCB discharges a f te r December 1, 1976. I t s e ffe c t on pipelining is unknown. This is a unique situ a tio n . He have made no Investigation of residual hazards as to PCBs in the pipes. That is ro a lly our. th ird p rio rity * a f te r abating PCBs going Into the pipes and going to a new d ie le c tr ic flu id . I have no opinion and no way to make a Judgment as to whether work on tho pipes would bs necessary. He have made no e ffo rt to determine PCB contamination In our pipes, I believe that tew Schoeff has been employed as M aterials Engineer a t DAD since 1963. 1 do not know whether he hes been a Process Enginaar. Uestlnghouse's opinion In 1972 was that Inerteen was suspacted of causing environmental problems. The indications ware that we should reduce our PCB discharges. - 4- NPC00007551 770190 I have no opinion as tojehc p oten tial hazards of PCBs in la n d fills versus the p oten tial hazards from PCBs in our wash water. 1 do not know whether our 1972 procedures required capacitors to he sealed before depositing them In dumps. Beginning In about 1969,-we drained o ff free*liq u id from cap acitors before sending them to the la n d fill. Less than 501 of the InerteerTgeca driined oueby this-p roced u re:r The amount drained out- Is* probably in the* range"of"10 to - SOI. 1 am fam iliar with ANSI C-107 (197A)V""I~believe I t is currently in force. Section 3 .3 .6 (2 )d e a la with *' cwkartA w w i wastaa. Haatinghouae has mat I t s standards. I t has also met the standarda of Section 3 .5 .5 ( 2 ) , which re fe rs to liquid caieiAcritqu,clth at a e ttla s out of the waah wateriin.'.a se ttlin g tank. That aoewc then goea to incin erators a fte r being put In containers. Sons of the PCBt, however, overflow and minute amounts go Into ths sowar. Mr. HcClain p articip ated In the ANSI C-107 development. Water with PCBs In i t ia not, in my view, i w y wastaa. ANSI C-107 waa f l r a t in itia te d by in 1970 or 1971. The induetry then decided to get government end consumer input. ANSI published I ts f i r s t d raft in about 1972. Our objective has been to a s s t the goals s e t forth by ths standards. Our p rio ritia a as to clean up in 1971 were (1) liquid i i w m (2.) solid wastes (3) aqiwWwipl reduced in each cap acitor (A) plant housekeeping---drips, s p i l l s , e tc . (5) altern ate flu id s and (6) secondary sources. The capacitor washer probably f a l ls in number (A). We began working on (1) in 1968 or 1969, on (2) in 1970, on '(3) in 1970, on (A) In 1970. As to the cap acitor washer I t s e l f we began working on e manifold f i l l system in 1971. The manifold f i l l did not make good eapaeleorf. -5- NPC00007552 770191 We began a research program on altern ate fluids in 1971 at our Pittsburgh leb. He began the program because of possible environmental problems with FCBs, We wanted to be prepared with an altern ate flu id . Hy policy aa to p rio ritie s was probably never w ritten . He In stalled a piloe system fo r tha manifold f i l l aystern and then, In 1973, ordezad the equipment fo r a fu ll ayatern. By the end of 1974, 95X of our production v is on tha manifold f i l l . The capaeltora were fa ilin g In the field by rupturing, and putting mora PCBs in the environment than perhaps our washer was. In 1975 we stopped production and tried to make corrections in the manifold f i l l . Ve couldn't find tha problem, and stopped manifold f i l l production in la te 1 9 7 5 ..`Other than the manifold f i l l , we took no othar short term measures to stop discharges into the aawer, The manifold f i l l was a major undertaking. In using Che manifold f i l l , we noted that our discharge level decreased. In using i t , chars wars no PCBs v ls ib la on the outside o f tha cap acitor can. . He knew our afflu en t want to the u t i l i t i e s service *7 . ; sewers,a He f i r s t tested the afflu en t In 1971. Our Sharon, / Pennsylvania lab has testin g f a c i l i t i e s . Our data from Sharon ia fo r 1974 to 1976. Our manifold f i l l data Is fo r 1974. 1 do not know of any hauling standards in ANSI C-107. McClain might know of thorn. The purchasing department makes co n tracts with our trash haulers. Hr. Sawyer is In charge of permits. Mr. Savyar or Hr. Schoaff would have knowledge of our answers to city questionnalrrsa on >iwie dischargee. D ie le ctric o il could Include mineral o il. Ve brought in Aqua Technics because the c ity was talking of increasing sewer ra te s d ra s tic a lly . So we Investigated, through Aqua Technics, cur own treatment system. - 6- UPC00007553 770192 1 don't re c a ll whather Aqua Technics dealt with a solvent washer. Aqua Technics also did not deal with lulyne tanks, or with scalin g drains. I do not know whether we have used aaaiulyn tanks since 1958. Sawyer would know th is . I do not know whethor Westinghouse nsde any reaponse to the rep ort. We'have the report at the plant. Hr. Sawyer would know the* te a t' re su lts of our water effluent Into the sewer. Ve d idn't coniidor other pretraatment of water becausB of the manifold f i l l 'system. However, ANSI C-107 was only one of Bny' step' taken by us to comply with Section 3 .3 .5 ( 2 ) . 1 do"not know of Monsanto's p ractlcaa of Informing us about-the use and'handling of FCBs--but 1 p a c t they do. I do not know whether they o ffe r ua^ndemnlficatlan fo r harm. I know Mr. Hunaon. I know he made teats of ths la n d fill on Anderson Road. I do not know whither he surveyed la n d fill s ite s in Indiana. DAD began placing notices on products tha't they cdntslned FCBs In 1970 or 1971. This, again, was dona because * f a i t PCBs were becoming suspaet. 1 knew that a fte r va stopped using tha manifold f i l l system our discharges to the sewer vent up. I t war 1969 before anybody could oeasura FCBs. The p ra ctice has become more widespread in the 1970s but DAD does not have tha cap ab ility. In about 1970 Monsanto announced that they would make no sales of aroelor except In closed systems, l . e . i transformers and cdpacltora. In 1971 Monsanto began offering 1016. I t h a s-991 biodegradability In i t s horaologs. In 1972 Monsanto began making sales only to an approved U s e of customara. In 1973 EFA announced t proposed standards and withdrew then because of inauffleienc data in 1974. In 1974 Monsanto made available an a lte rn a te flu id . In 1973 GrA announced that i t would use media p u b licity rid FCB s from the environment. In November 1975 EPA held i t s national conference on FCBs. In January 1976 -7- yj\Jv< NPC00007554 770193 tue e l e c t r ic a l industry announced that 1C would abandon TC&9 by tnld-1973. As to altern ate flu id s, in 1971 DAD lnstltueod I ts program. We examined several hundred candidate flu id s, and during the period from 1971 to 1973 narrowed i t to one flu id . We made aome small capacitors from th is fluid a t f i r a t , and than soma large capacitors at Bloomington : l n l 9 7 3 .-W e began running bur p ilo t f a c i l i t y oh the7new' r flu id ; However, a r e v i e w -of safety procedures and methods of handling the new flu id disclosed possible hazards to our employees; consequently ve abandoned the flu id in 1973, and began looking fo r a new flu id in the 1974 to 76 period. We have now found another flu id , and have put the flu id in 200 large cap acitors distributed throughout the United S ta te s . We're gettin g the re su lts on these ca p a c ito r's performance th is year, and are making plant changes to accept the naw flu id . The changeover to a nv flu id requires a le a s t a 30 month time period. Monsanto's 1974 flu id was never used fo r manufacturing a t Bloomington hut a t RAD. 1983 is the UBstinghouse fluid th at we came up with early in the 70*a. The 30 month period to introduce a naw flu id is s o ltly a tech n ical, and nQt an economic, lim itation . Of th at 30 months i t would take s ix months to use up ehe stock of old cap acitors made with the PCBs. I do know th at Munson tasted Monroe County s i t e s . PCBs have been used in much heat tran sfer equipment in the food industry and there is possible entry Into the food chain there. There are many o , th e r * usos such ao food, p rin ters ink, hydraulic brake fluids p rio r .to 1971, o il on roads, carbonless paper, p la s tic iz e rs , and as a c a r r ie r for p esticid e s. EPA has estimated chat 1 .4 b illio n pounds have bean uid--900 m illion in cap acitors and transformers and 500 million In other products. Of the 900 m illion, -B - NPC000075S5 770194 750 million are e ti.ll In use. Host of tho other 500 million ere not in use. Ue have never used Inerteen In any of tho other uses. Since 1971, DAO has purchased very smell amounts-- no more than a couple of drums--of 1221 end 1232. Before 1971, our purchases were of 1242 and 1232. At the time of our switch over to '1016, we had no stock p ile of the older fluids. The 1971 testin g of our effluent showed tra ce s of PCBs, ranging from the p arts per b illio n range to the parts per million range. The Aqua Technics report was e^trsmsly lewr--Phere-are-probably-bolweeit-lQO-yerds-b--- - - ----- -- -- -- low. Thsre are probably 100 yards between our plant and the edge of our property. Huns|n also tested screams in 1971. His testin g was a one-shot e ffo rt. He also took fish samples. I do not r e c a ll the quantities of PCB In the fis h . In 1972 end 1973 we did only sporadic te stin g . Ve never conveyed the re su lts of our testin g to the S tate or County, Vo didWuvi convsy^the re s u lt* of our testin g of efflu en t to the City ge Munsen tested streams Monroe County and perhaps elsewhere. As I understand sampling today, no one can c a ll which aroclor Is which a fte r l t a release Into the environment. Zc la impossible fo r me to estimate the number of fe lle d cap acitors in la n d fills . Ve have no log of capaeltora going to p a rticu la r la n d fills . I could estim ate the nusbr but not today. Ve experienced approximately 100 ruptures of manifold f i l l capaeltora ovar a two month p eriod --or a t le a s t about 100 were called to my atten tio n . I do not know how many PCBs wers released to the environment upon rupture. The sversge csp scito r has 25 pounds of PCBs in i t . There wae no policy decision f l e e te d in M uns^'a discontinuation of te stin g . His te s t was a one-shot operation. The te s ts were requested by someone else end approved by me. -9- NPC00007556 770195 Austin Fink l i In charge of l ia b i li t y control and he might have tha figures on the cap acitor fa ilu re * . Wc did not r e c a ll the manifold f i l l cap acito r*. i do not re c o lle ct..th a t we ja v a the solvant.bath consideration at tha tin e we abandoned the manifold f i l l . At the tin s o f abandonment, our hlghaee p rio rity waa an a ltern a te -fluid. We hove never used- a ro clor 1254. - The Hunseo re su lts are a t tha p l a n t ,__ n r ... . As to our indemnification agreement with Monaanto, Z am aware of i t s contents generally but not o f tha agroemant s p e c ific a lly . I undorstsnd th a t i t changed our terms of aale to F.O.B. I have no re co lle ctio n of whether fehe *4*1 . () C . Westinghuuse racognizad th^c hazards of PCBs. Our diecusalons of the co n trsc t, a n d I p articip ated in one discussiondid not go to food hazard}. The discussion* did go to holding Monsanto harmless. Hr. McDonough from Westinghousa vas there. 1 ca n 't re c a ll whether l ia b i li t y a fte r shipment waa discussed. Monsanto ships i t s a ro clor from Saugat, I l lin o is . We have never bought imported PCB. Ws have also used PCSs in closed systems. We began discussing our sampling with the City in the autumn of 1975. We receive ourssupling re s u lts bach from Sharon by l e t t e r . 1 do not know i f Sharon retain s the chromatQographs. The Muns<pn dsta was ordered by J.W ,S terlin g, now deceased. I am not q u alified to make a categ o rical statement that lowar chlorinated homologs cannot be separated out a fte r release into the environment. Ths records a t our plant probably would contain the indemnification agreement with Monsanto. Th* 1971 tastin g vas done a t the time of our s h ift to 1016. I saw i t in tha 1971 - 10- NPC00007557 T 770196 to 1972 cine period, and I did not review te for the purposes of tills h earin g I t 's true that we did not report any Information co the c ity , county, s ta te or EPA, but nona of them asked fo r i t in the 1971 to 1974 period. In la te 1975 the c ity asked about i t . The s ix month period I referred to e a r l ie r was to use up cap acitors in warehouses. ue. , `.`i.tiSwS/'-v. i-i e;.., UPC00007558 13S?iS 770197 National Electrical Manufacturer* Association 155 East 44th Straet New York, N.Y. 10017 212-682-1500 July 3, 1974 TO ALL MEMBERSOF THE AD HOC COMMITTEE ON POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB'S) OF THE CAPACITOR AND TRANSFORMER SECTIONS AND THE ANSI C107 COMMITTEE ON GUIDE LINES FOR HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF ASKAREL AND ASKAREL-SOAKED MATERIALS SUBJECT: BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS (BNA) REPORT ON ENFORCEMENT OF WATER CONTROL ACT ON ______ A CASE-BY-CASE BASIS Gentlemen: The attached is being sent to you, for your information. A. Executive Secretary Power Equipment Division AMS :dk ATT : CC: James S. Nelson (GE) P.S. Park. (Monsanto) Stuart Richel (GE) E.L. Simons (GE) N .H . Smith (Westinghouse) James H. Wright (Westinghouse) W . VanWart NPC00007559 r'; 'V `.'trv* 770198 6-25-74 (D1H)' BUSINESS PwLClCS ViNu. 123) A - l ENVIRONMENT: REP. WRIGHT SAYS WATER CONTROL . ALT`ENFORCEMENT SHOULD BE ON CASE-BY-CASE BASIS Congress Intended that the 1977 requirement for best practicable control technology under rhe 1972 Federal Water Pollution Control Act be determined on a case-by-case basis, Congressman James C. Wrlglit, Jr. (D-Tex) said today. Wright, chairman of the House Public Works Subcommittee on Investigations and Review, made his statement during an oversight hearing of the Impact of the Water Act on Industrial dischargers. He said that what Is practicable for one plant, lor one body of water, or for one climate may not be practicable for another plant, water body, or climate.1 The conferees. In reaching an agreement on the' 1972 Act, intentionally used the word "practicable" to encompass economics, local conditions, and capabilities of plants to meet effluent limitations requirements, Wright contended. John R. Quarles, Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, said the agency lia s pro cee ded in developing effluent limitations on the basis of uniform national uulards. tsfa has, however, considered economics and varying climates Lirsofnt^oi lis effluent limitations, he added. . Another area which received some discussion was the effect of EPA's proposals to con trol thermal and other discharges by steam electric power generating plants. Congressman Wright questioned the validity of requiring steam electric plants to spend $2.1 billion to comply with EPA's proposed effluent guidelines when the industry's dally raw wasLe loads of biological oxygen demand are negligible and when the effluent reductions to be achieved by the standards would only amount co 10 percent. Quarles told the subcommittee that a tremendous amount of confusion has surrounded requirements fur sluam electric power generating plants. He sold the $2.1 billion figure would he required to meet lite effluent limitations guidelines established under section 304 of the Act. However, this Industry receives special treatment under section 316(a) of the Act, because individual plants can demonstrate to EPA that the section 304 guidelines are not necessary. . Therefore, Quarles stated, the cost to the Industry of the requirements of the Act cannot be determined until section 316(a) exceptions are approved. As apart of EPA's progress report on carrying out the Water Act, Quarles said total obligations for construction of municipal treatment works through fiscal 1974 are expected to reach (2 .9 billion. . As of June 22, present obi [gallons totaled (2 .4 billion. Reporting on the national pollutant discharge elimination system created under section 402 of the Act. Quarles said 9.569 permits were Issued as of May 31. A total of 6,429 permits were Issued to industrial sources, 3.002 to municipal sources, and 168 to agricultural sources. Over 1,650 were issued by the states. Quarles said only 2 percent of issued permits have been challenged by Industry or environmental groups. Quarles said F.PA's goal is to Issue permits to all major dischargers and to a "sub stantial" number of minor dischargers by December 31. If the goal Is met, he said, 80 to 90 percent of the pollution attributable to point sources will be under regulatory control. v EPA hopes to liave approved 25 state permit programs by the end of this calendar year, Quarles said. Twelve programs already have been approved and Georgia, Kansas, and Minnesota-are expected to receive approval this month. EPA is having some difficulty in carrying oui section 307 of the Act, which requires Identification ox toxic pollutants and establishment of standards for these pollutants, Quarles said. EPA Issued an Initial bl of nine substances In September 1973 and currently Is evaluating other substances for inclusion on the list. A decision on additions Is expected by ihe end of 1974. - Puhllahad by THE BUREAU OP NATJOftAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASUINQTON, O.C. 20097 Ri|M at itpMduiUM mu r t IU iiiM iM Maanrad \ IJ*. UPC00007560 770199 A*- 12 (Nu. 123) BUSINESS POLICIES (LiiiK) 6 -2 5 -7 4 Quarles said the most difficult problem connected with issuance of standards for the toxic pollutants is the one-year compliance time available to Industry. Quarles said he anticipates seeking legislative revision of this deadline because It frequently will not proVUl enough time for compliance in caes where substant^ m o d ific a tio n s o f a plant a r e 'r e quired. d'o V T GRANTS: ftSA, HEW. ' DOT PREFER 0" / TO AWAIT STUDY'TO GLAkiT V MEANING O F "CONTRACT", "GRANT", "COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT* Three federal agencies today supported the aim of^S 3514 to distinguish federal grant and cooperative agreements from federal contract relationships, but urged deferral pending .completion of a current executive agency study aimed 1A the same direction. ! Testifying before the Senate Government Operations Subcommittee on Federal Procure ment on the b ill introduced by the Subcommittee Chaarman Lawton Chiles (D -Fla), Dwight JA. Ink, General Services Administration Deputy Administrator, said that the executive hgencies have begun preliminary work to get a stu^r started in new areas consistent with the objectives of the blt^, which he believes should provide In part for: - - A n analysis of congressional and executive branch requirem ents not covered by the Federal A ssistance Review (FAR) effort which Impede the development of federal-wide requirements for assistance-programs. \ - - More carefully developed definitions to make the distinctions contemplated by ;the proposed law, based upon die above recommended analysis. Ink said that it is G5A' s opinion tfiat It would be desirable to build upon the work of the Commission on Government Procurement (COGF) by moving "forward with such a study before trying to establish cither legislative or administrative definitions of contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements. " s Although the Commission saw the need to establish a clea r distinction between procure ment and assistance relations hips--w it]/the primary distinction to be based on the principal purpose of the agreement between the Federal .Government and the reclplent--Ink opposed curtailing present flexibility. . He also spoke In oppositloi/tu the b ill's proposal that a grant shall be used whenever there will be no substantial interaction between the Federal Government and the recipient, and that a cooperative agreement be used where there is a shared federal, non-federal responsibility for assuring pcrfo^nfance. He questioned the desirability of trying to separate a cooperative agreement and, a grant, "at least under the current-jgrordliuE of dlls b ill, " a l though he saw no objection tp a study which would evaluate the prosand cons of using the cooperative agreement with respect to research , and a further effo rt) adequately define the te r m ." ./ The definitions could have some adverse effect on agency programs, Ink said, nothing that the Defense Department, the National Science IrouhdatKui, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration felt that the bill could l$ve a serious and adverse Impart by Im pair ing the use of grants to obtain basic scientific r e s e a rc h .....' " \ ^ He foresaw spme porenrial confusion and redundant requirementsIn the b ill's provisions for Che transfer of-surplus Government property to eligible re cipients, V ain tgjning that a grant agreement is not the appropriate legal instrument to effect a donatibn\jpr transfer of surolus. Government property. Publitihed by THE BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20037 N trfci n i utwl , < JI I n b u l l c n n H n r t d w: V S s - HPC00007561 770200 SSSfflBSBZ& SSR: 4 1 28 * PROPOSED AMERICAN NATIONAL. STANDARD GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CAPACITOR AND TRANSFORMER GRADE ASKAKELo CONTAINING FOLYCHl.OFilNAXED SIF1ENYLS. C7C7.V I ) NATIONAL liM 'CTRICAL Ma HUFACt IJREKJ /. 'JC lA JlO X lSS^EAST 4<TH STREET, NEV YORK, N, Y. 10017 NPC00007562 4 GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING & DISPOSAL OF CAPACITOR & TRANSFORMER GRADE ASKARELS CONTAINING fULYCHLORINATED DIPHENYLS T A 1 I, K O F C O N T E N T S SECTION I - PREFACE SECTION 2 - CAPACITOR GUIDELINES I . Introduccin I I . C apacitor Grade A skarel I I I . P la n t Housekeeping & Employee S a fe ty A* M a te ria l D. Bulk F lu id Shipment R eceiv in g and T ra n sfe r C. General S a fe ty P recau tio n s - D. M anufacturing Housekeeping . E. Disposal oF Ask.irel Wastes F . M iscellaneous Procedures G. R eferen ces IV.- C on tro l o f Water E fflu e n ts A. C on cen tratio n L im its , D. M onitoring Streams C. Methods fo r Minimizing E fflu e n t Stream C ontam ination V, Scrap D isp o sal Procedures A . - Disposal of Capacitor, Units B. D isposal of Liquid Wastes C* D isp o sal o f S o lid Wastes VI. Labeling SECTION 3 ' - TRANSFORMER GUIDELINES I . General Guidelines A. D e fin itio n s - Types o f Transform er A sk arels B. Safety Precautions f C. T ran sp ort C ontainer Marking D. Receiving Handling and Sto rag e o f A sk arels E. Wnt.eL- E fflu e n ts - Sampling, C o n cen tratio n L im its , A nitlyticnl Procedures F . D isp osal Procedures and S e rv ic e s N PC00007563 7?0202 4 Page 2. T A B L E OF C O N T E N T S SECTION 3 - TRANSFORMER GUIDELINES (Continued) I I . Specific Guidelines A. Transformer Manufacturers, Service Shops, e tc . Housekeep Ing B. Transformer Label Ing C. Transformer Users - Shipping, In s ta lla tio n , Maintenance, Sampling, Apparatus Disposal SECTION I - DISPOSAL SERVICES SECTION 5 - APPENDIX - ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND LABORATORY SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS I . A Tentative Procedure fo r the Determination of Airborne-Polychlorinated Biphenyls . I I . Analysis o f V ater and Sediment fo r Polychlorinated Biphenyls NPC00007564 770203 4 4 770204 SECTION 1 PREFACE AskareIs c o n s is tin g o f o r c o n ta in in g p o ly c h lo rin a te d b ip h en yls (PCB's) have been used In many a p p l ic a t i o n s f o r o v e r f o r t y years b u t o n l y r e c e n t ly was e vidence d is c o v e re d t h a t PCB's a re w id e ly d is p e rs e d in the e n v iro n m e n t. S yste m a tic in v e s tig a t io n s o f th e b io lo g ic a l e f f e c t s o f PCB's have been undertaken w ith in the past few years to e s ta b lis h the e ffe c ts o f s p e c ific f o r m u l a t i o n s upon s p e c i f i c s p e c i e s . Some s t u d i e s have shown t h a t PCB's may be an e n v iro n m e n ta l c o n ta m in a n t. S im u lta n e o u s ly ) s i g n i f i c a n t s te p s have been t a k e n b y U. S. i n d u s t r y t o l i m i t f u r t h e r PCB r e l e a s e s t o t h e environm ent. PCB's have been used In th re e broad types o f a p p lic a tio n s f o r th e p a st 40 ye a rs , as fo llo w s : (a) "open enrf*d" a p p lIc a tlo n s .. . ,f o r example, in p a in ts , s p e c ia lty Inks, paper c o a tin g s, p la s tic s , e tc ., (b) "n o m in a lly clo se d " a p p lic a tio n s .. . . fo r example, as the w orking f l u i d in h y d ra u lic o r heat tra n s f e r system s; and (c) "c lo s e d e l e c t r i c a l system " a p p l c a t io n s . . . . s p e c t f i c a l l y , a s .t h e I n s u l a t i n g f l u i d in c e r t a i n ty p e s o f tr a n s fo rm e rs and c a p a c i t o r s . The M o n s a n to Company Is t h e s o l e (J. S. p r o d u c e r o f P C B 's . I t has d i s c o n t i n u e d s u p p ly in g the m a te ria l f o r a l l a p p lic a tio n s o f ty p e (a) and ( b ) . E v a l u a t i o n s o f t h e a l t e r n a t i v e s and r i s k / b e n e f 1t s i n v o l v e d i<n t h e c o n t i n u e d use o f PCB's in clo se d e l e c t r i c a l systems a re summarized I n 't h e f o llo w in g . , B enefits 1. A s k a r e l - f 11 le d t r a n s f o r m e r s do n o t . b u r n o r e x p l o d e u n d e r c o n d i t i o n s o f e le c t r ic a l a rc in g th a t can cause f i r e s o r In c e n d ia ry e x p lo s io n s as in m ineral o i l - f i l l e d tran sfo rm e rs. T h e re fo re , they are used In o r near public,*co m m e rcia l o r in d u s tr ia l b u lId logs where o il- in s u la te d tra n s form ers would p re s e n t a p o te n t ia l danger to l i f e and p ro p e r ty . 2. A s k a r e l - f I l i e d power and i n d u s t r i a l c a p a c ito r s a re s l g n l f I c a n t l y s m a lle r , more r e l i a b l e , more d u ra b le , and s a fe r than o i l - f i l l e d c a p a c ito r s . As a r e s u l t , a s k a r e l s have s u p p l a n t e d m i n e r a l o i l s i n mare th a n 90% o f t h e power and i n d u s t r i a l c a p a c i t o r s made t o d a y . Over th e p a s t fe w decades m o s t 'o f th e equipment t h a t i n c o r p o r a t e s such c a p a c i t o r s has been d e s ig n e d to take p a r t ic u l a r advantage o f th e s iz e , s a fe ty and r e l i a b i l i t y b e n e fits o f a s k a re l c a p a c it o r s ( e . g . , many ty p e s a r e to d a y le s s than lk% o f th e s i z e o f e q u i v e l e n t o i l c a p a c i t o r s and have a I i f e e x p e c t a n c e o f 10 t o more than 20 y e a r s ) . The v i t a l ro le th a t a s k a r e l- in s u la te d tra n s fo rm e rs .a n d c a p a c ito rs has played in the s a fe , r e l ia b l e , and e f f i c i e n t d e liv e r y o f e l e c t r i c power Is r e f l e c t e d in v a r io u s s ta n d a r d s , co d e s, and r e g u l a t i o n s t h a t now e f f e c t i v e l y re q u ire or encourage continued use. _, NPC00007566 770205 Risks In th e U n ite d S ta t e s , m ed ica l re c o rd s show th a t o v e r a n e a r ly kO -yea r p e rio d th e o n l y . a d v e r s e h e a l t h e f f e c t s e x p e rie n c e d by U. S. w o rk e rs exposed to askarels, e ith e r during the manufacture o f these liq u id s or o f e le c tr ic a l equipment c o n ta in in g these liq u i d s , have been lim ite d to o c c a s io n a l cases o f non-chronic chloracne or other temporary skin lesions or i r r it a t io n s . A s k a r e l- fM le d tra n s fo rm e rs and c a p a c ito rs a re d e liv e re d to custom ers as se a le d u n i t s fro m w h ich th e r e is no escape o f a s k a re l u n d e r normal o p e r a t io n . W h i le c e r t a i n t y p e s o f e q u ip m e n t f a i l u r e s can p e r m i t lo s s , o f some a s k a r e l t o the e n v iro n m e n t, tra n s fo rm e r f a i l u r e s a re lim it e d to a p p ro x im a te ly 0.02$; o f the u n its In s e rv ic e per y e a r. W ith respect to c a p a c ito rs such losses arc lim ite d to a p p ro x im a te ly 0.02% o f the askarel put in to s e rv ic e per y e a r. In a d d itio n , lim it e d amounts o f PCB's can g e t In to the e n viro n m e n t d u rin g the m a n u fa c tu re , d e l i v e r y , im proper u se, m a in te n a n c e , and r e p a i r and d is p o s a l o f tra n s fo rm e rs and c a p a c ito rs . S p e c i f i c c o n t r o l measures have been I n s t i t u t e d by I n d i v i d u a l m a n u fa c tu re r s and a re supplem ented and s tre n g th e n e d by n a t i o n a l s ta n d a rd s and p ro c e d u re s such as th is America N ational Standard I n s t it u t e Guide. This Guide p rovides in fo rm a tio n to p re v e n t the In a d v e rte n t loss o f PCB's to the environm ent a t a l l stages from I n i t i a l askarel manufacture through" u ltim a te d is p o s a l. A 1ternatlves 1. For te c h n ic a l and code reasons f t w ould be im p o s s ib le t o r e p la c e most a s k a r e l - f 1 1le d tr a n s fo rm e rs now In s e r v ic e w it h o i l - f i l l e d u n i t s o f e q u iv a le n t r a tin g s and r e l i a b i l i t y w ith o u t m ajor c o n s tr u c tio n changes th a t w ould be r e q u ir e d t o compensate f o r th e f i r e and e x p lo s io n r e s i s t a n c e o f th e a s k a r e l- f iI led u n its . For c e rta in a p p lic a tio n s and lo c a tio n s , d ry -ty p e t r a n s f o r m e r s may r e p l a c e a s k a r e l - f i 1 le d t r a n s f o r m e r s . F o r new i n s t a l l a t i o n s , w h i l e many o f th e l i m i t a t i o n s n o te d above w o u ld s t i l l a p p l y , b u j l d l n g and I n s t a l l a t i o n d e s i g n p r o v i s i o n s c o u l d be made t o accommo date the use o f o i l - f i l l e d , open d ry -ty p e , o r sealed d ry -ty p e tra n s fo rm e rs p ro v id e d necessary te c h n ic a l, code, p h y s ic a l s iz e , and c o s t c o n s id e r a tio n s are properly evaluated. 2. The p r in c ip a l a lt e r n a t iv e to a s k a re ls fo r c a p a c ito rs is m ineral o i l , but such replacem ent would re tu rn c a p a c ito r technology to i t s pre-1937- le v e l and would n e c e s s ita te re d e s ig n and replacem ent o f such w id e ly used equipment as flu o r e s c e n t l i g h t f i x t u r e s and ra cks f o r power and in d u c tio n h e a tin g c a p a c i t o r s , w in ch co u ld n o t now accommodate th e in c re a s e d s iz e o f o i l capacitors w h ile m aintaining th e ir present ra tin g s . . 3. The c o s t o f a s k a re l liq u id s is a bout f i v e to ten tim es more than m in e ra l o i l Thus, long before there were any environm ental Concerns about PCB's, the re was a s tr o n g economic in c e n tiv e to f i n d o th e r le s s e x p e n s iv e i n s u l a t i n g liq u id s w ith the d e s ira b le c h a r a c te r is tic s o f a s k a re ls . Since the 1930's a t l e a s t 10 m a j o r c h e m ic a l o r e l e c t r i c a l c o m p a n ie s have i n v e s t e d l a r g e amounts o f tim e and money in t h i s s c o r c h , a l l ' w t t h no s u c c e s s . W h ile p o t e n t i a l s u b s t i t u t e s t h a t a r e ore c o s t l y th a n a s k a r e l s h a ve a l s o r e c e i v e d some c o n s i d e r a t i o n ( e . g . , f t u u r i n a i e d l i q u i d s ) l i t L l e i s known a b o u t c i t h e r t h e i r e l e c t r i c a l perform ance o r p o s s ib le i l l e f f e c t s upon th e e n v iro n m e n t. T h e re a r c t o d a y nn f l u i d s t h a t co n be used as a d i r e c t r e p 1acemejjP a s k a re ls . ii NPC000G7567 4 770206 In te rd e p a rtm e n ta l Task Force on PCB's An In -d e p th stu d y o f PCB's has r e c e n tly been com pleted by f i v e E x e c u tiv e Branch Departments o f the fe d e ra l government. T h is In te rd e p a rtm e n ta l Task Force on PCB's issued t h e i r r e p o r t e n t i t l e d , " P o ly c h lo r in a te d B ip h e nyls and the E n v iro n m e n t", Hay, 1972, * The f o l l o w i n g c o n c lu s io n is quoted from page 4 o f t h is r e p o r t: "The use o f PCB's s h o u ld n o t be banned e n t i r e l y . T h e i r c o n tin u e d use f o r tra n s fo rm e rs and c a p a c ito rs in the near fu t u r e is con sidered necessary because o f the s ig n if ic a n tly increased r is k o f f i r e and e x p lo s io n and th e d i s r u p t i o n o f e l e c t r i c a l s e r v ic e w h ic h w o u ld r e s u l t f r o m a ban on PCB u s e . A l s o , c o n t i n u e d u s e o f PCB's | in tra n s fo rm e rs and c a p a c ito rs p re s e n ts a m inim al r i s k o f e n v ir o n ' mental c o n ta m in a tio n . The Monsanto Company, th e s o le d o m e s tic p ro d u c e r, has re p o rte d v o l u n t a r i l y e lim in a t in g I t s d i s t r i b u t i o n o f PCB's to a l l except m anufacturers o f e l e c t r i c a l tra n s fo rm e rs and ca p a cito rs." R e fe re n c e s h o u ld be made t o th e I n t e r d e p a r t m e n t a l T a s k F o r c e R e p o r t f o r a d d itio n a l in fo rm a tio n and c o n c lu s io n s . ^ D is trib u te d by the N a tio n al T echnical In fo rm a tio n S e rv ic e , U. S. Department o f Commerce, S p r in g f ie ld , V ir g in i a 22151. P ric e - $ 6 .0 0 . f- . ill NPC00007568 770207 8 1 SECTION 2 CAPACITOR GUIDELINES I 770208 GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING & DISPOSAL OF CAPACITOR & TRANSFORMER GRADE ASKARELS . CONTAINING POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS SECTION 2 - CAPACITOR GUIDELINES I . INTRODUCTION The environm ental e f f e c t * o f a s k a r e ls a re under in -d ep th study by governm ental and other a g en cies. Askarela have been considered as m a teria ls r e la tiv e ly harmless to humane based on about f o r ty y ears o f s a f e In d u s t r ia l u sage. There has been no knovn in sta n c e o f human In ju ry when used under the norm ally accep ted p re ca u tio n s and con d itio n s o f h an d lin g, in both m anufacturing and uaer a p p lic a tio n s . * Traces o f a s k a r e ls a re being found In the environment and I n f i s h and b l r d l l f e . The long term g e n e tic and e c o lo g ic a l e f f e c t s a re not y e t com pletely understood. For th e se reasons c a re should be taken to co n ta in a sk a re la and m inim ize t h e ir ancry In to the environment. There a re two g e n era l c la s s e s o f a s k a r a ls used by th e e l e c t r i c a l In d u stry . The h igh er c h lo rin a te d grades a re the more p e r s is t e n t In n a tu re . Because o f t h e i r high degree o f non -flam m ability, they are used in transform ers where personnel s a fe ty i s of paramount im portance. ^ C ap acitor grade a s k a r e l has a lo tfer degree o f c h lo r in a tio n (composed p rim a rily o f the 3-chlovrine Isom ers o f b ip h e n y l), a h ig h er degree o f b io d e g ra d a b ilit y , and g e n e ra lly hgs not ben found In animar l i f e . I t I s used in c a p a c ito rs where theattrem e degree of non-flam m ability required in transform ers is of le s s Importance. Although c a p a c ito r and tran sform er grade a B k a rels b o th -c o n ta in members o f th e PCD fa m ily , thsy do d i f f e r in com position, degree o f b lo d e g r a d a b lllty v p e r s in te n c e in n a tu re , e l e c t r i c a l s t a b i l i t y , chem ical s t a b i l i t y , and degree o f n o n -flam m ab ility (both a re recog nised as non-flam m able). I t I s f o r these reason s th a t t h i s p o r tio n o f th e Guideline i s intended to apply to cap acito r grade a sk a re l. I I . CAPACITOR GRADE ASKAREL In September o f 1 9 7 1 , a new grade o f c a p a c ito r Im prgnant, A ro clo r 1 0 1 6 , v as made a v a ila b le to th e In d u stry . T h is new grade co n ta in s a t y p ic a l co n c e n tra tio n o f D.4X .by w eight o f th e h ig h er b o ilin g homologs o f th e ch lo rin a te d b ip h e n y ls .* A ro clo r 1016 re p la c e s A roclor 1242 which p re v io u sly van th e m ajor c a p a c ito r imprgnant and con tain ed around 72 o f th e h ig h er b o ilin g homologs (th e more p e r s is t e n t in n a tu r e ). T h is 0 .4 2 le v e l o f the h ig h er b o ilin g homologs should be th e maximum co n ce n tra tio n a ccep ta b le in any c a p a c ito r Imprgnant. A roclor 1242 and 125 4 , p rev io u sly used as Im prgnants, do n ot meet t h is requirem ent and should no lo n g er be used in c a p a c ito r s . A roclor 1016 has the same n o n -flam m ab ility r a tin g by UL as A ro clo r 12 4 2 . I t s ty p ic a l p ro p erties are given In Table I . Monsanto Method T-02302 Page 1 TABLE I TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF AKOCLOR 1016 PlJiPERTY ft METHOD Color (AFHA) Condition Sp. G ravity @ 2 5 / 1 5 .5 * C (ASTM D1B10) A cid ity (mg. KOH/g.) (ASTH D 974,0664) Holecure R e fr a c tiv e Index @ 2 5 *C (ASTH D1817) In o rg a n ic (F re e ) C h lorides (ASTM D1B21) Pour P o in t (ASTM D 97-57) D i e l e c t r i c C onstant (ASTM D924-49) (1000 Ht e 100*C) R e s i s t i v i t y (ASTM D1169) (500 VDC <a 1 0 0 *C. 0 .1 " Gap.) H ydrolysis S t a b i l i t y T eat (ASTM 1820-61^ (As C h lo rid e s) Thermal S t a b i l i t y T e s t (ASTM D1936) (As C h lo rid es) D i s t i l l a t i o n Range (ASTM D20-56 C orrected ) 10X D i s t i l l e d by Wt. 90Z D i s t i l l e d by Wt. H igher B o llin g Homologs (Monsanto Method T -02302) S u lf a t e s (ASTM D 117-31) D i e l e c t r i c S tre n g th 6 2 5 *C (ASTM D877-49) 'F la sh P o in t* C lev e. Open Cup (ASTM D 92-57) Flro Point C orrosion T e s t (6 h r s . 2 1 0 *C w ith b r ig h t A1 f o i l ) Change In w t. o f A1 X V is c o s ity @ 1 0 0 *F (SUS) (ASTM DB8-56) S p e c ific Heat 0 25*C C o e f f ic ie n t o f Expansion (ASTM D1903) Fixed C hlorine.(C arlus) Power F a cto r @ 100*C 60 Ilz (Monsanto Method T -2273) Bulk Drums TYPICAL VA'.W'l 40* max. C lear 1 .3 6 2 -1 .3 7 2 0 .0 1 0 max. 35 ppm, max. 1 .6 2 1 5 -1 .6 2 3 5 0 .0 5 ppa* max. -14*C o r lower 4 .7 0 -4 .9 0 500 x 10 ohm-cm. min. 0 .5 ppm, max. 0 .4 ppm, max. 323?C, min. 3 5 6 *C* max. 0.4X max. None 35 KV min. 338*F nln. None to B o llin g P o in t 0 .0 71-81 0 .3 0 0.00068 cc/cc/*C 4 1 .3 + ,5Z 1 Z max. 4X max. Page 2 NPCOO0 0 7 5 7 1 770210 Ill, pla n t h o u se k e e pin g and em plo yee s a f e t y The follow in g procedures sad l i m it s are Intended to be minimum req u irem ents to be met by m anufacturers and u se rs o f c a p a c ito r s co n tain in g a s k a r e l. Handling* c o n tro l and d isp o sa l procedures a re g iv e n ,.to g e th e r w ith exposure li m it s and in d ic a te d a n t i dote^ and cleanup procedures* A. M a te r ia l. A akarel f o r use in c a p a c ito r s should t o n s ia t o f homologs and isomers o f chlorin ated biphenyl with the concentration o f the higher b o ilin g homologs a t about 0 .4 X . A roclor 1016 i s considered the standard iopregnant meeting these requirem ents. Commonly used a d v e n ts In clu d e benzene* k e ro sen e, a c e to n e , tr ic h lo r o e th a n e * tr ic h lo r o e t h y le n e , and p e rch lo ro e tliy lo n e . T y p ic a l vapor p re ssu re dota fo r Aroclor 1016 are: 0*C " 0 .0 0 1 ma 23*0 - O.OOC mm 1 5 0 BC - 4 .3 mm 200C 2 9 .0 mm Ac 25C and 760 mm Hg p re s s u re , sa tu ra te d a i r c o n ta in s approxim ately 0 .0 9 m g / lit e r . (1 m g / lit e r * 9 0 .0 ppm (v /v )) (1 ppm (v /v )* 0 .0 1 1 m g / llt e r ) B. Bulk F lu id Shipm ent. R e ce iv in g , and T r a n s fe r . Shipment o f a s k a r e l from p o in t o f m anufacture to p oin t o f receiv in g should be done in closed c o n ta in e rs : r a i l tank c a r s ; tru ck ta n k s; m arine or barge ta n k s; o r se a le d drums* C on tain ers should be la b e le d as to c o n te n ts , and c a rry a la b e l ca u tio n in g a g a in s t lo s s o f f lu id to the open environm ent. C on tain ers used f o r tra n s p o rt o f a s k a r e l should n ot be uBed f o r sto ra g e o r tra n sp o rt o f o th e r m a te r ia l w ith o u t bein g com pletely cleaned o f a l l tr a c e s o f a s k a r e l. (Cleaning procedures must take cognizance o f p re ca u tio n s a g a in s t e x c e s s iv e exposure and o f th e need fo r proper d is p o sa l o f contam inated clean sin g - so lv e n ts and m a te r ia ls a s s e t fo r th in F a r t V o f th is S e c tio n .) T ra n sfe r from shipping co n ta in ers to p r o c e s s !-- systems should be through clooed piping or tubing w ith ap p ro p riate v a lv es* pumps* e t c . P ro v isio n should be made fo r trap p in g and d isp o sin g o f flu id by leak ag e o r B p llls from th e t r a n s fe r system and from th e s to r a g e c o n ta in e r s . Drums to be r e t ir e d from use should be cleaned b e fo re cru sh in g , d e liv e ry to scrap, d e a le rs , or och er d ie p o o a l. Contaminated cle a n in g f lu id s and m a te ria ls should be disposed o f as in d icated in F a rt V. i C.' G eneral S a fe ty P r e c a u tio n s . Although I t 1q g e n e ra lly a ccep ted t h s t exposure to cap acito r grade a sk a rel i s not hazardous provided simple precautions are taken, exposure should s t i l l be avoided. (1 ) V apors. The odor o f 'ask arel i s n o tic e a b le w e ll below th e maximum a i r c o n c e n tra tio n s considered s a f e . Up to 1 .0 m illig ram p er cu b ic m eter o f a i r has been determined to be th e maximum s a fe le v e l o f exposure during an 8-hour work day ( R eferen ce 8 - P a r t G b elow ). The procedures f o r perform ing the n ecessary an alyses are contained in SECTION 5 , "A T e n ta tiv e Procedure f o r th e D eterm ination o f A irborr.c-Polychlorinated Biphenyls." Page 3 WC00007572 770211 (1) Vapors (continued) B reath in g vapor or fumes from heated a s k a r e l should be avoided. P ro v isio n s should be made f o r adequate v en t11acio n and re g u la tio n o f m anufacturing o p e ra tio n s to avoid open exposure to a ek arel (e s p e c ia lly a t 55*C or h igh er) The gases produced when a i s decomposed by v ery high tem peratures (such as th a t o f at *. r l e arc) In the presence of a ir or organic Insulating m a te ria l t > a n a high p erce n tag e o f hydrogen c h lo rid e end sm all p e rce n ta g e s j : carbon d io x id e , carbon monoxide* and oxygen Minute c o n ce n tre d o n a o f t h is com bination o f gaaes a r e v ery u np leasant and I r r i t a t i n g , thus g iv in g ample warning o f t h e ir p re sen ce. I f exposure to high co n cen tration s of a sk a re l I s n ecessary under emergency co n d itio n s* an approved gas mask o r s e lf-c o n ta in e d b rea th in g apparatus should be worn. Such exposure should be under the su rv e illa n c e o f o th er p erso n n el cap ab le o f rescu e in ca se o f an a c c id e n t. I f the odofc o f a sk a re l i s d etected by the person wearing p ro te c tiv e equipment, he should im m ediately go in to fr e s h s i r . A ll gas masks, r e s p ir a t o r s and replacem ent p a rts should have Bureau o f Mlr.ee approval * ar.d be t m aintained on a re g u la r schedule In accordance w ith th e m an u factu rers1 reconnendatlon. (2) L iqu id . Unlike in su la tin g o i l , there I s v ir tu a lly no f i r e hazard in handling a sk a re l. A lim ited solvent a ctio n (sim ila r to th at fo r p ain t th in n e r) on th e f a t s and o i l s o f the sk in w ith prolonged c o n ta c t may lea d to drying and chapping o f th e s k in . As w ith I n s u la tin g o i l * some people a re a l l e r g i c to a s k a r e l and continued exposure may r e s u l t In ' a k in I r r i t a t i o n . Both the liq u id and vapor a rt m oderately i r r l * t : % to the eye tiss u e . O perating procedures should be such as to minimise o r elim in ate co n tact w ith a s k a r e ls . Use o f eye p r o te c tio n i s recommended. The use o f porous glovea which can absorb and r e ta in a sk a re ls i s to be avoided. B a rrie r creams* or r e s is ta n t g lo v es** should be used i f con tact is u navoid able. Use o f en clo sed t r a n s f e r and han dlin g equipment* p ro ce ssin g equipment* and m echanical washers reduces d i r e c t c o n to c t. M edicinal washes or mild d etergents followed by a p p lica tio n o f cold cream w ill reduce i r r i t a t i o n r e s u ltin g from a sk a re l c o n ta c t w ith an open cut o r ab rasio n . S a fe ty g la s s e s w ith s id e s h ie ld s or a fa c e s h ie ld should be worn when handling a sk a re ls. I f eye con tact to liq u id ask arel o ccu rs, the eyes should be ir r ig a te d immediately with la rg e q u a n titie s o f running water I f o r f i f t e e n m inutes and then examined by a p h y s ic ia n . (A drop o f c a s to r o i l has been found to reduce i r r i t a t i o n .caused by eye c o n ta c t). t i Persons developing a skin I r r ita tio n or resp irato ry tr a c t ir r it a tio n w hile working w ith a sk a re ls should be placed under the su p erv isio n o f a physician. I * e .g . PLY No. 9 Gel by M ilbum C o ., D e tr o it , H icliig an , o r Kerodex #71 d is tr ib u te d by Ayers L a b o r a to r ie s , F .O . Box 8236, Church S t r e e t S t a t io n , New Y ork , N. Y. 10049 E i* Edmont, S o lv it 5 -3 5 2 , so ld by H erslck o f B rid g e p o rt, 22 Cross S t ..B r id g e p o r t , Conn.06601 I Page 4 NPC00007573 4 770212 (2) Liquid (continued) Ih g estlo n or swallowing of a sk a rels le not gen erally regarded as a problem o f the In d u stry . Should a c c id e n ta l in g e stio n o ccu r, a p h y sic ia n should be co n su lte d . Hands should be washed w ith warn: w ater and socp b e fo re e a tin g , d rin k in g , smoking or use o f t o i l e t fa cilitie s. ' D. M anufacturing H ousekeeping. M anufacturing equipment and o p e r a tin g p ro ced u res should safeguard a g ain st lo se o f a sk a re ls to the environment through proper containm ent and d is p o s a l p ro ce d u re s. Enclosed systems of sealed piping, properly gasketed jo i n t s , v a lv es, containers and p ro ce ssin g chambers should be used f o r eny p o rtio n o f th e o p e ra tio n where a s k a r e l tem peratures may exceed 55*C . E n closu re should p r e fe r a b ly extend to a l l o th er p ortion s o f the system In so fa r as p ra c tic a b le . Containment p rovisions should be esta b lish e d around a l l a sk a re l p rocessing -- areas to ensure ag ain st inad vertent loos to sewer systems by s p illa g e , leakage, or other uncontrolled conditions or events. S p i l l s o f a s k a r e l should be removed ^promptly by use o f a b so rp tiv e m a te r ia l such a s sawdusti o r trapped and removed by pumping o r o th e r s u it a b le means. Waste flu id s containing a sk a rel not s u ita b le fo r recond itioning or reuse should be c o lle c t e d (by means o f t r a p s , d rip p an s, t r a y s , e t c . ) from th e v a rio u s p a r ts o f the m anufacturing and p ro ce ssin g area (In clu d in g washers or o th er clean ing d e v ic e s ). D isposal should be in accordance w ith S e ctio n V. Wiper ra g e , c lo th in g and o th e r extran eou s m a te r ia ls s a tu ra te d w ith a s k a r e ls should be c o lle c te d w ithin the containment area fo r properly co n tro lle d laundering or d isp osal (see V. Scrap D isposal Procedures). E* D isp o sal o f A sk arel W astes. . Methods fo r d is p o sa l o f liq u id s and s a tu ra te d s o lid s .generated by the m anufacturing o p eratio n should be in accordance w ith those o u tlin e d in P a rt V o f t h i s Guide, and should In clu d e (b u t not be lim ited to) the follow ing: 1 . L iq u id a s k a r e l contam inated by a li p h a t i c m a te r ia ls and o th er su b stan ces such as to make I t u n s u ita b le f o r reclaim ing as a d ie le c tr ic flu id * 2. Liquid a sk a re l from so lv en t op eratio n s o r.w a ter/d eterg e n t type washers. i 3 . Satu rated e a rth o r o th er absorbent media from f i l t e r i n g o p e ra tio n s. 4 . S atu rated sawdust o r o th e r ab so rp tiv e m a te ria ls from s p i l l s . Page 5 NPCOOOO7 5 7 770273 B. Disposal of Askarel Waste (continued) 5 . Saturated f i l t e r from vapor c o n tro l device and o th er f i l t e r s . 6 . Saturated waste (paper, rag s, e t c .) * 7* Satu rated , spent gasket n o ta ria l * 8* Askare l contam inated vacuum pump o i l s * 9* A sk a rel contam inated stream J e t vacuum system co n d en sa tes. F. M iscellaneous Procedures 1 . S p i l l s by leak ag e from fin is h e d c a p a c ito r s should be clean ed up promptly by use o f ab sorb en t media which should then be moved to c o n ta in e rs f o r th a t purpose w ith in tha containm ent a r e a , and l a t e r disposed o f properly. ^7w ' 2 . . . A skarel w astes should never be disposed o f down e f f l u e n t d rain s or sew ers. The utmost ca re must be e x ercised to prevent a c c id e n ta l lo s s by these avenues to the environment. 3 . C a p a cito rs f a l l i n g t e a t o r o th erw ise d esign ated f o r .d i s p o s a l muse be c o n tro lle d end handled in accordance w ith th e in t e n t o f th e procedures above, f i n a l l y b ein g disposed o f by one o f th e means outlined In F art V o f th is Section . G. R efe ren ces 1 . H onaantO glnd u strial Chemicals Company: T e ch n ica l B u l le t i n 0 -F F /1 R , A r o d o r P o ly ch lo rin ated * Polyphenyls (B ip h en y ls) (November 1971) 2 . American Conference o f Governmental In d u s tr ia l H y g ie n ists; Threshold L im it Values f o r 1 9 6 4 . AHA A rch. E n viron . H ealth 9 :5 4 5 (1964) 3 . T reon , J . F . , F .P . C lev eland , J . Cappel, and R.W, A tch le y : .The T o x ic ity o f the Vapors of A ro clo r 1242 and A ro d o r 1 2 5 4 . Amer. In d . Hyg. Aasoc. Q uart. 1 7 :2 0 4 (1 9 5 6 ). 4. E lk in s, H .B .: The Chemistry of In d u s tria l Toxicology. John Wiley and Son s, I n c . , New York (1 9 5 9 ). 5 . D rin k er, C .R ., K .F . Warren, and G.A. B en n et: The Problem o f P o ssib le System ic E ffe c ts from C ertain C hlorinated Hydrocarbons. J . In d . Hyg. T o x ic o l. 1 9 :2 8 3 (1 9 3 7 ). 6 . ,, D rin k er, C .K .: F u rth er O bservation s on th e P o s s ib le System ic T o x icity o f C ertain of the Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. J . In d . Hyg. T o x ic o l. 2 1 :1 5 5 (1 9 3 9 ). 7 . Greenburg, L . , M.R. M ayers, and A.R. Sm ith: The System le E f f e c t s R asu ltin g from Exposure to C erta in C hlorinated Hydrocarbons. J . In d . Hyg. T o x ic o l. 2 1 :2 9 (1 9 3 9 ). 8 . H ygienic Guide S e r ie s "C hlorodiphenyls" (Januery-February 1965) t *lc American I n d u s t r ia l Hygiene A s s o c ., 210.Haddon Avenue, * ' * WNCeDsUtmQUotnlbtp, IHt. JJ . U08O1X0U8D.i' NPC00007575 770214 4 IV . CONTROL OF WATER EFFLUENTS The Ind u stry g o a l i e to e lim in a te a s k a r e l In p la n t w ater e f f lu e n t strea m s. However, I t i s recognized th at e x istin g drain systems In cap acito r manufacturing p lants are probably contam inated a s a r e s u l t o f p a s t p r a c t ic e s , and a a k a re l tr a c e s may emit.' via to show up l o e f f lu e n t stream s f o r some tim e. However, the le v e l should con tin u e to d ecrease w ith the proper containm ent o f a s k a r e l w astes and no fu r th e r d isch a rg e s in to d ralq system s. O ther s e c tio n s o f t h is Guide provide th a t no a s k a r e l w astes o f any kind be disposed o f in any w ater e f f lu e n t strea m s, and th a t a c c id e n ta l a p l l l s be prevented from g e ttin g in to such stream s. A. C on cen tratio n L im its . The 1972 EPA p ro p osals a re to keep PCB le v e ls In r iv e r s and la k e s below n .n i n A rfn py m i h h . P la n t e f f lu e n t stream s should be managed and c o n tr o lle d In a manner c o n s is te n t w ith th lo g o a l. M onitoring Stream s. On a re g u la r b a s is c o n s is te n t w ith p la n t s i t u a t i o n s , a l l e f f lu e n t stream s should be an alyzed . The procedures f o r perform ing t th e n ecessa ry a n a ly ses a re con tain ed in SECTION 5 , ANALYSIS OF WATER AND SEDIMENT FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. T h is procedure o r i t s e q u iv a le n t should be used. i * C. Methods fo r Minimizing to to ta lly iso la te a ll E fflu e n t efflu en t Stream Contamination. stream s th a t could be The Id e a l approach contaminated w ith is a s k a r e la during m anufacturing p ro ce sse s and p reven t them from bein g d i e - , charged from the p la n t. Carbon a d so rp tio n , lim es tone bed s,-and a d v e n t e x tr a c tio n are techniques which can be applied to reduce the a a k a re l con ten t o f e f f lu e n t strea m s. These tech n iq u es may be moat u s e fu l i n c le a n in g up w ater used In p la n t p ro ce ssin g and to perm it r e c y c lin g * ' V. SCRAP DISPOSAL PROCEDURES The m anufacture and use o f c a p a c ito r s In v o lv e p ro ce sse s producing a s k a r e l sa tu ra te d s o l i d s , and liq u id s c o n t a i n i n g o r composed e n t i r e l y o f a a k a r e l, which should be d is posed o f as w a ste s. D isp o sal should be done In a manner c o n s is te n t w ith p rop er concern f o r the environm ent, and which m inim izes any r e le a s e o f a s k a r e la to .the environm ent. S p e c if ic so u rces o f th e se m a te r ia ls appear throughout t h i s document but may bo p la ce d Into three categories; 1 . C a p a cito r u n its impregnated w ith a a k a r e l; P rod u ction and Field R ejects. 2. Manufacturing process liq u id w astes containing a sk a re l. *i 3. So lid waste purposely or a ccid en ta lly saturated w ith a sk a re l. A. D isp osal o f C ap acito r U n its Scrap cap acito r u n its can be generated during-manufacturing p ro cesses, or during fie ld s e r v ic e . Page 7 - NPC00007576 770215 A. Disposal of Capacitor Units (continued) Production r e je c t s ere those c a p a c ito rs which are r e je c te d a f t e r the Im pregnation p r o c e s s , in the cou rse o f p rod u ction by the c a p a c ito r m anufacturer. They mr*- be re je c te d or m echanical o r e l e c t r i c a l re a so n s, or because o f obsolescence. F ield r e je c t s are those which are r e je c te d , o r which fo r o th er reasons are to be scrapped, a f t e r shipment from th e p la n t where they were m anufactured. Diaposal Procedures 1. Production R ejects R ejected cap acito rs in cap acito r manufacturing p lan ts rep resent a concentration o f aak arel. I t la Important th a t th e ir d isp o sitio n be made lit a. tttauuex cu tia la te n t w ith proper co n cen t f o r th e environment. T h erefo re, ca p a cito rs should be disposed o f only in supervised dry la n d f i l l s i t e s which meet a l l a p p lica b le S tp tq ^ _ requirem ents. Q Care should be e x e rcise d to in su re th s t no lo o s o f liq u id w ill occur during tran sp o rtatio n to the d isp o sal s i t e . In cin eratio n of acrap cap acitors in f a c i l i t i e s designed to accep t such s o lid s i s a d is p o s a l a lt e r n a t iv e as such s e r v ic e s become av ailab le In the future. 2 F ie ld R e je c ts Sm all ca p a cito rs(d e fin e d ae con tain in g le s s than 2 pounds o f a a k a re l) are p r a c t ic a lly always used as components in oth er e l e c t r i c a l or electrom ech anical equipment. T yp ical examples of la r g e q u a n tity usage o f such c a p a c ito r s a re in flu o r e s c e n t lamp b a l l a s t s and r e s id e n t ia l a i r co n d itio n in g equipm ent. F a ilu r e o f such c a p a c ito r s may r e s u l t i n scrapp in g o f th e d e v ice o f which i t i s a p art (as in a flu o rescen t b a lla s t ) , or replacem ent.and scrap p in g o f the In d iv id u a l c a p a c ito r (a s In a room a i r c o n d itio n e r ). However, the m a jo rity o f such c a p a d to r a do n o t f a l l i n s e r v i c e , but a re scrapped as a r e s u lt of wearout or obsolescence o f the devices in which the c a p a c ito r s a re used a s components. Thus, the m atter o f d is p o sa l i s c h a ra c te riz e d by low co n c e n tra tio n of sm a ll q u a n titie s o f a a k a re l throughout th e country and Indeed throughout th e w orld. F o rtu n a te ly , the n atu re o f th e d ev ices and equipment In which such ca p a cito rs are used Is such th at they are normally disposed of In dry la n d f ills as a m atter o f convenience* Sin ce i t i s Im p ra ctica l a t p re se n t to e x e r c is e any m eaningful c o n tro l over d is p o s itio n o f the b u lk o f such d ev ices and equipment, I t I s Im p erativ e th a t a s k a r e l used fo r Impregnating sm all ca p a cito rs be lim ite d to the re ce n tly Introduced type which co n tain s a ty p ic a l co n cen tra tio n o f 0.4Z of the higher b u llin g homologs. Large c a p a c ito r s (th o se in co rp o ra tin g more than 2 pounds o f a s k a r e l) UPC00007577 * 770216 J I j1 1 jt 1 I I Ii I I I I i I I B. Disposal of Liquid Wastes A ll m it e ask arel o r liq u id wastes containing ask arel should be disposed o f according to one of the follow ing procedures: 1. Incineration P re se n t knowledge In d ic a te s th a t proper In c in e r a tio n must Involve a s u it a b le b alan ce between dw ell t in e and tem perature in the in c in e r a to r p lu s oxygen e v a l l e b l l l t y end f i n a l l y s u it a b le scru b b e rs to remove HC1 fo rs e d ; e . g . , (1 ) two-second dw ell tim e a t 2000*F and 32 ex cess oxygen in s ta c k g a s; (2 ) 1 - 1 / 2 second dwell tim e a t 2700*F and 22 e x cess oxygen in s ta c k g a s . These f a c i l i t i e s should near ap p lica b le requirem ents o f the S ta te In which lo c a te d , and should c o n tr o l e f f lu e n t s w ith in th e lim it s s e t fo r th in th is document. 2 . T o x ic and Hazardous Waste D isp o sal S i t e s C e rta in l a n d f i l l s i t e s have been c l a s s i f i e d by S t a t e end F e d e ra l Governments as s u ita b le fo r the d isp o sa l o f to x ic and hazardous l i q u i d s . Where such approved. s i t e s e x i s t they may be used f o r the disposal of liq u id wastes described In th is docunent. (See Section 4 ). The fo llo w in g g u id e lin e s should be observed in th e packaging and shipm ent o f liq u id wastes for disposal* 1* Transportation to the disposal f a c i l i t y should be In containers which w i ll prevent leakage and a c c id e n ta l lo s s o f a a k a re l to the environment. C on tain ers should be la b e le d as to co n te n ts and p re ca u tio n s r e l a t i v e to lo s s to the environment* 3 . C ontainers used fo r th is purpose should n ot be used fo r any o th e r m a te ria ls or r e tir e d from s e r v ic e u n t il they a re com pletely clean ed . Any s o lv e n ts used In cle a n in g th e se c o n ta in e rs w i l l be contam inated w ith a s k a r e l and should be disposed o f acco rd in g to th e same pro cedures herein described. C. Disposal o f S o lid Wastes (see "A" fo r Scrap C ap acitors) A ll s o lid w astes which have been satu rated w ith a a k a rel should be dispose o f by th e fo llo w in g p roced u re: The satu rated w astes should be placed in to leak -p ro o f co n tain ers and tra n sp o rted to a su pervised dry l a n d f i l l s i t e m eeting S t a t e requirem ents* A lte rn a tiv e ly , they can be disposed o f by in cin era tio n In S ta te approved f a c i l i t i e s * S o lid absorbents used fo r s p i l l s can be disposed o f uncontalned In th e supervised dry l a n d f i l l s i t e -- tra n sp o rt to th e s i t e should be in closed co n ta in e rs. A lte rn a tiv e ly , s o lid In c in e ra tio n can be used In accordance with F a rt B (see Sectio n A fo r f a c i l i t i e s ) . HPC00007578 770217 V I. LABELING C ap acitor u n its vary g r e a tly In a lz e and in end uae o r a p p lic a t io n . Sm all c a p a c ito r u n its a re fre q u e n tly ap p lied as a component o f an o th er p ie c e o f equipment such as a rlw re r-c e n t lig h tin g b i l l a a " . a roadway o r a re a lig h tlu g luirln& i'.'e, a m otor, e - ' . In such a p p lic a tio n s a la b e l on th e c a p a c ito r u n it re fe r e n c in g approved d is p o sa l procedure would not norm ally be v l a l b l e when the p ie c e o f equipment i s disposed o f . For the above reasons the method o f r e la t in g d is p o sa l I n s tr u c t io n s f o r sm all c a p a c ito rs and la rg e c a p a c lto ra a h a ll be tr e a te d e e p a ra te ly and in th e fo llo w in g manner. Sm all D nits (In c o rp o ra tin g le s s than 2 pounda o f a a k a r e l) Sm all cap aclto ra ara defined as those which con tain a sk a re l In q u a n titie s up t o about two (2 ) pounds each and In which th e f r e e liq u id does n ot exceed 0 .4 pound. They a re h e rm e tica lly se a led in m e ta llic ca se s* Such c a p a cito rs a r e ap p lied as a component o f a la r g e r p ie c e o f equipm ent. A ttach in g a la b e l to euch equipment re fe re n cin g t h is G u id eline o r d e scrib in g d is p o sa l procedures would be o f lim ite d p r a c t i c a l v a lu e . Large C a p a cito r U n its (In co rp o ra tin g more than 2 pounds o f a s k a r e l) The ca p a cito r m anufacturer should a f f ix s la b e l in a conspicuous place re fe r e n c in g th is document or d e sc rib in g d is p o s a l procedures c o n s is te n t w ith I t . T h is la b e l should co n ta in as a minimum th e fo llo w in g In fo rm a tio n : CAUTION This ca p a cito r contains a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB). To avoid p o s s ib le environm ental con tam in ation , i t should be disposed o f only In supervised dry l a n d f il l areas meetijg ^ S ta te requirem ents o r in In c in e ra tio n f a c i l i t i e s leslgned fo r disposal of PCB's. See AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE CUILDELINE fo r fu r th e r in form ation (a v a ila b le form m anufacturer o r ANSI, 1450 Broadway, New Y ork, N. Y . 1 0 0 1 7 ). Ihge 10 i NPC00007579 770218 770219 4 I *4 I I .1. i' iI B I I B I B B B GUIDELINES FOR HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF CAPACITOR AND TRANSFORHER-GRADE ASKAREL5 CONTAINING POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS figCTIOM 3 TRAMSTORMEP CTTinELTWWg I . General Guidelines A. D e fin itio n s - Types o f Transformer Askarels The term eskarel g e n e ra lly deserlbes a broad class o f nonflammable syn th etic halogenated hydrocarbon In su latin g liq u id s w idely used In transform ers, rea cto rs, and accessory equipment operated a t power frequencies, Askarels of various compositional types are In use (For the general pro p erties and types see ASTM 0 -2 2 8 3 ). Under arcing con d itio n s the gases produced, w h ile consisting o f predominantly noncombusttble hydrogen c h lo rid e , can contain varying amounts of com b u s tib le gases depending upon the askarel type. The fo llo w in g trademarks are used by e le c tr ic a l manufacturers to designate the askarels used In th e ir products: Asbestol Chlorextol Elemex Inerteen No-Flamol Pyranol Saf-T-Kuhl B, Safety Precautions Based on about 40 years of safe in d u s tria l usage, askarels have been * considered as r e la t iv e ly harmless m aterials to humans. There has been no known instance of human In ju ry when askarels ar used under the normally prescribed conditions of precaution and handling. Although I t has been g e n e ra lly thought th a t exposure to transform er askarels Is not hazardous, provided simple precautions are taken, ex posure should s t i l l be avoided and minimized. 1) Vapors , The odor o f askarel is no ticeab le -- w ell below the maximum safe a i r concentrations. Depending upon the composition o f askarel used, from 0 .5 to 1.0 mg per cubic meter o f a i r has been determined to be the upper safe level of exposure during an e)ght**hour work day. (See American In d u s tria l Hygiene Association Hygienic Guide Series January/February,' 1965.) The procedures fo r performing the neces sary analyses are contained in Section 5 "A T e n ta tiv e Procedure fo r the Determination o f Atrborne-Polychlorinated Biphenyls." This procedure or Its equivalent shall be used. - Page I "HPC00007581 770220 4 SECTION 3 - (Cont*d) B. S a fe ty P re c a u tio n s 1) Vapors - (C o n t'd ) B re a th in g vapor o r fumes fro m heated a s k a re ls should be a v o id ed . High co n c e n tra tio n o f vapors can cause I r r i t a t i o n o f the eyes, nose, t h r o a t and upper r e s p ir a t o r y t r a c t . P ro v is io n s s h a ll be made f o r a d e q u a te v e n t i l a t i o n and r e g u l a t i o n o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g o p e r a t io n s to a v o id open e xp o su re o f h o t a s k a r e ls (55C o r h i g h e r ) . The gases produced when a s k a rc l Is decomposed by v e ry h ig h temp e ra tu re s (such as th a t o f an e le c t r ic a rc ) In the presence o f a i r or organic In s u la tin g m a te ria ls , co n tain a high percentage o f hydrogen c h lo r id e , and sm all percentages o f o th e r gases. M inute conce n tra tio n s o f th is com bination o f gases are ve ry unpleasant and i r r i t a t i n g , thus g iv in g ample w a rn in g o f t h e i r pre se n ce . I f exposure to high concentrations o f askarels o r its arced products is n e ce ssa ry under emergency c o n d it io n s , an a c c e p ta b le gas mask o f the o rg a n ic c a n is te r-ty p e o r s e lf-c o n ta in e d b re a th in g apparatus must be w orn. Such e xp o s u re s h o u ld be u n d e r th e s u r v e i l l a n c e o f o th e r personnel capable o f rescue In case o f a c c id e n t. I f the odor o f a sksre l o r it s arced*products Is d etected by the person w earing p r o t e c tiv e equipm ent, he should im m e d ia te ly go In t o fr e s h a i r . A l l gas masks, r e s p ir a t o r s and replacem ent p a rts should have Bureau o f Hines a p p ro v a l, and be m a in ta in e d on a re g u la r schedule In accordance w ith the m a n u fa ctu re r's recommendation.* 2) Liquid U n lik e m ineral In s u la tin g o i l , th e re is no f i r e hazard in h a n d lin g askarels. A lim ite d solvent actio n (s im ila r to th a t fo r p a in t th in n e r) on the fa t s and o i l s o f th e s k in w it h p ro lo n g e d c o n ta c t may le a d t o d r y i n g and c h a p p in g o f t h e s k i n . As w i t h I n s u l a t i n g o i l , some p e o p le a r e a l l e r g i c t o . a s k a r e i and c o n t i n u e d e x p o s u r e may r e s u lt in s k in I r r i t a t i o n . Both th e l iq u id and va p o r are m o d e ra te ly i r r i t a t i n g to eye tis s u e . O perating procedures should avoid c o n ta c t w ith any a s k a re ls . The . use o f porous g lo v e s w hich can absorb and r e t a in a s k a re ls i s to be a vo id ed . R e s is ta n t g lo v e s and aprons o f th e Neoprene, p o ly e th y le n e , V Ito n type should be used i f c o n ta c t is u n a vo id a b le . In case o f s p i l l a g e on th e c l o t h i n g , th e c l o t h i n g s h o u ld be removed as soon ' as. p r a c t i c a l , t h e s k i n washed and c l o t h i n g l a u n d e r e d . M edicinal washes o r m ild d e te rg e n ts fo llo w e d ' by a p p lic a tio n o f co ld cream w i l l reduce i r r i t a t i o n r e s u ltin g from a s k a re i c o n ta c t w ith an open c u t o r a b r a s io n . **' S a fe ty g la sse s w it h s id e s h ie ld s o r a fa c e s h ie ld sh o u ld be worn when h a n d lin g a s k a re ls . Eyes exposed to l i q u i d a s k a re i should be Irrig a te d immediately w ith large q u a n titie s o f running w ater fo r 15 m in u te s and th e n exam ined by a p h y s i c i a n i f t h e I r r i t a t i o n p e r s i s t s . (A drop o f c a s to r o i l has been found t o reduce i r r i t a tio n caused by eye c o n ta c t.) . . Page 2 NPC000Q7582 770221 SECTION 3 " (Cont'd) B. S a fe ty P re c a u tio n s 2) L iq u id - (C ont'd) Persons developing a skin I r r i t a t i o n o r re s p ira to ry tr a c t i r r i t a t i o n w h lie w o rk in g w ith a s k a re is should be p la ce d under s u p e rv is io n o f a physician. In g e stio n o r sw allow ing o f asteareis Is n o t g e n e ra lly regarded as a problem o f the in d u s try . Should a c c id e n ta l in g e s tio n occu r, a p h y s ic ia n s h o u ld be c o n s u lte d . Hands sh o u ld be washed w i t h warm w a te r and soap b e fo re e a tin g , d r in k in g , smoking o r use o f t o i l e t fa c ilitie s . C. T ra n s p o rt C o n ta in e r H arking Any t r a n s f o r m e r a s k a r e i s , new o r u s e d , as s h ip p e d In ta n k c a r s , t a n k tr u c k s , drums, cans, e t c . , should be la b e le d w ith the fo llo w ln g : - CAUTION THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS ( P C B 'S ) . CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT ENTRY INTO THE ENVIRONMENT THROUGH SPILLS , LEAKAGE, USE, VAPORIZATION, OR DISPOSAL OF LIQ UID OR CONTAINERS. AVOID PROLONGED BREATHING OF VAPORS OR MISTS. AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES OR PROLONGED CONTACT - WITH S KIN . IF SKIN CONTACT OCCURS, REMOVE BY WASHING WITH SOAP AND WATER. FOLLOWING EYE CONTACT, FLUSH WITH WATER. IN CASE OF SPILLAGE ONTO CLOTHING, THE CLOTHING SHOULD BE REMOVED AS SOON AS PRACTICAL, SKIN WASHED, AND CLOTHING LAUNDERED.. D. R e c e i v i n g , H a n d lin g and S to r a g e o f A s k a r e i s A skareis are shipped In tank c a rs , tank tru c k s , s te e l drums, metal cans and t e s t s a m p le c o n t a i n e r s . When r e c e i v e d a l l c o n t a i n e r s s h o u l d be Inspected fo r leaks. 1) S to ra g e Tanks S to ra g e ta n k s s h o u ld be e r e c t e d so t h a t in s p e c t i o n can be made f o r le a k s o r s p i l l s . C o n s tr u c t io n s h o u ld be such t h a t I n a d v e r te n t leakage or s p i l l s arc prevented from reaching streams and s a n ita ry o r storm sewers. 2) Tank Car and Tank T rucks A l l . b u lk shipm ent equipm ent sh o u ld be In s p e c te d f o r le a k s im m e d ia te ly upon r e c e i p t . D r a in pans must be p r o v i d e d t o p r e v e n t s p i l l a g e fro m u n lo a d in g hoses and c o n n e c tio n s . A ska re l l i q u i d c o lle c t e d in d ra in pans should be placed In "S crap A s k a re l" drums f o r d i s p o s it io n . Page 3 NPC00007583 770222 4 SECT?OH 3 - (Cont*d) 0. R e c e iv in g , H andling and Storage o f A ska re ls 3) Steel Drums, Cans, and Test Sample Containers On d e liv e ry a l l such shipments w ill be c a re fu lly inspected fo r leaks. The containers should be stored Indoors In an area e s p e c ia lly selected fo r th is purpose. A curb should enclose the area to provide a basin fo r containing the eskarcl from one or more c o n tain ers, should the containers be damaged. The area must not have a d ra in which is connected to a s a n ita ry or storm sewer. I f an indoor storage area is not p o ssible, the containers should be stored under a le a n -to . E. Water E ff lu e n t s - Sam pling. C o n c e n tra tio n L im it s , A n a ly t ic a l Procedures I ) C ontrol o f Water E fflu e n ts The industry goal Is to e lim in a te askarel In p la n t water e fflu e n t streams. However, I t Is recognized th a t e x is tin g drain systems from m anufocturing'p la n ts , re p a ir shops end In s ta lla tio n s ite s may be contaminated as a re s u lt o f past p ra c tic e s . Other sections o f th is Guide provide th a t no askarel wastes o f any kind be d is posed o f In any water e fflu e n t streams, and th a t accidental s p ills be prevented from g e ttin g In to such streams. a. C oncentration L im its The 1972 EPA proposals are to keep PC8 le v e ls In riv e rs and lakes below 0.01 parts per b i l l i o n . Plant e fflu e n t streams should be managed and .controlled In a manner co n sisten t w ith th is goal. b. M o n ito rin g Streams A ll p la n t e fflu e n t streams should be monitored on a reg u lar basis, consistent w ith p lan t s itu a tio n s . The procedures fo r performing the necessary analyses are contained In Section 5, "Analysis o f Water and Sediment fo r P olychlorinated B iphenyls." This procedure or its eq u ivalen t shall be used. c. Methods fo r M in im iz in g E fflu e n t Stream Contom lnotion *Thc ideal approach* is to t o t a lly Is o la te a l l e fflu e n t streams * th a t could be contaminated w ith askarels during manufacturing processes and prevent them from being discharged from the p la n t. NPC00007584 770223 SECTION 3 - (Cont'd) F, D isp o sa l Procedures and S e rv ic e s I) Sources of Materials Requiring Special Handling and Disposal Procedures Liquids containing PCB's and solids containing or contaminated with PCB's may be obtained from any of the following sources transport containers, transformer manufacturing processes, In-test failures, liquids contaminated beyond reclamation, in-service transformer leaks and failures, askarel-f11 led transformers scrapped for any reason, etc. 2) C la s s i f i c a t i o n f o r D isposal o f M a te ria ls C o n ta in in g PCB's In general, there are three types of materials for disposal; liquids, burnable solid materials containing PCB's and nonburnable solid materials contaminated with PCB's. a. Liquids Liquids containing PCB's requiring disposal by hlgh-temperatura Incineration may consist of the following: 1. PCB's contaminated with mineral oil. 2. Mineral oil contaminated with PCB's. 3. Non-reclaimable contaminated transformer askarels, arced asteareis, askarels from manufacturing spills, and sump accumulation, etc., rich In PCB's, and askarels from holding basins, drip and drain pans, washings, sample jars and containers, etc. b. Burnable Solid Waste Material Containing PCB's These materials can be disposed of by high temperature Incinera tion and consist of celluloslc materials, rags, pressboard,' wood, sawdust, fuller's earth In bulk or In cloth bags, blotter papers, nitrile or cork gaskets, etc. - c, Non-burnable Solid Waste Materials Containing or Contaminated with PCB's f These materials may consist of coll structures, steel, copper, aluminum filter units of the steel mesh construction type, . askarcl drums, cans, etc. Materials of this nature should be allowed to drain with the liquid collected in drip pans, etc. -Further removal of adhering PCB's can be accomplished by washing or solvent extraction with kerosene or other approved washing liquids such as perchloroethylene or trichloroethylene. Accumulated liquids can be dis posed of as Indicated In "a" above. Solid materials may be handled as normal scrap. Page 5 NPC00007585 770224 i SECTION 3 - (Cont'd) F, PI postal Procedures and Services 3) Shipment'of Scrap Liquids f o r Disposal AH liq u id scrap material should be placed In ap p ro p riate metal | transport drums, properly labeled, fo r shipment to a company o f f e r ing an acceptable disposal service. it) Shipment o f Burnable Solid Waste M aterial Containing PCB's f o r Disposal M aterial of th is type should be placed In open head drums w ith s u i t able closures and with the drum properly labeled fo r shipment to a company o f f e r in g an acceptable disposal service. 5) Liquid and Solid VJaste Disposal Service Organizations a. General Disposal of askarels and askarel-soaked m a te ria ls should be accomplished by means In which there Is no s ig n if ic a n t release of askarel to the environment. At present, disposal is accom plished by c a r e f u lly - c o n t r o lle d In cin eratio n of liq u id s and soaked software, and by co n tro lled l a n d - f i l l b u rial of apparatus and other hardware from which askarel has been previously drained and washed. Present knowledge indicates that proper In c in e ra tio n must Involve a s u ita b le balance between dwell time and temperature in the * In cin erato r plus oxygen a v a i l a b i l i t y and f i n a l l y s u ita b le scrub bers to remove HC1 formed; e . g . , (1) two-second dwell time a t 2000F and 3% excess oxygen in stack gas; (2) 1 -1 /2 second dwell time a t 2700F and 2% excess oxygen In stack gas. These f a c i l i t i e s should meet ap p licab le requirements o f the s ta te In which located, and should control e f f lu e n t s w ith in the lim it s set fo rth In th is document. Controlled l a n d - f i l l or deep-well disposal can be used where per ' mitted by Federal, State and local reg u latio n s. b. Costs In a d d itio n to the normal costs o f c o lle c t in g scrap liq u id s and solids f o r disposal, ad d itio n al costs borne'by the owner o f such scrap Include shipping container, cost of transport to the d is posal service organization and a disposal fee u sually based upon a per gallon or per pound charge. c. Disposal Services Organizations o ffe rin g disposal services are lis t e d In Section A, Including locatio n , f a c i l i t i e s a v a ila b le , types o f m aterial han dled, and disposal procedures used. S p ecific shipping d ire c tio n s , disposal procedures and costs should be obtained from the.company. Page 6 NPC00007586 770225 4 S p e cific Guidelines A. Transformer M a n u f a c t u r e r s , S e r v ic e S h o p s, e t c . - H o u s e k e e p in g t) I t Is necessary to assume that In f i l l i n g equipment With askarel and fu rth e r handling of th is equipment that an askarel s p ill may occur. T herefore, I t Is necessary to provide f a c i l i t i e s and a procedure fo r clean-up to prevent contamination. a . Askarel F i l l i n g Area .1 . The location o f the askarel f i l l i n g area should be adjacent to the te s t area and f i n a l shipping area to minimize the danger of damage of u n its during handling. 2. The main manufacturing area fo r f i l l i n g o f equipment w ith askarel should be provided w ith impervious surface flo o rs o r> su itab le basins so constructed th at any inadvertent leakage or s p ills are prevented from reaching streams, s a n ita ry , or storm sewers. A ll askarel-hand11n g equipment such as pumps, hoses, e t c . , shall be o f the a s k a re lreslstant type. 3 Drip pans shall be provided fo r hose connections and f i l l ing valves. b. Special Containers fo r Scrap M aterials ' 1. Drums labeled "Scrap Askarel" should be a v a ila b le fo r handling a l l s p ille d and waste askarel from sumps, f a i l e d u n it s , d rip pans, sample-jars, etc . 2. Open-head drums w ith s u ita b le closures and labeled "Scrap . . B u rn a b le A s k a re l W aste" sh o u ld be a v a ila b le f o r h a n d lin g con tam in a te d c e llu lo s e in s u la tio n , ra g s , paper p re s s b o a rd , wood, .g a s k e ts , saw dust, e tc . 3* Separate containers f o r handling s t e e l , copper, and aluminum, each adequately marked, shall be provided fo r the components o f contaminated core and c o il assemblies. These containers are required f o r the various m aterials when re p a irin g or scrapping assemblies. 4. Containers fo r supplies o f material fo r absorbing small askarel s p i l l s or clean-up of larger s p i l l s should be pro vided. c . C o n d itio n in g o f.A s k a re ls . - `` l . A s k a re l C o n d itio n in g Equipm ent a. The conditioning u n it should be located e it h e r In the storage tank area or the main transformer manufacturing area for f i l l i n g with askarel. Page 7 H 1?C 000075B7 770226 4 II. S p e c ific G uidelines - (Cont'rf) A. Transformer Manufacturers, Service Shops, e tc . - Housekeeping c. {Continued) 2. F u ller's Earth a. Conditioning o f new askarel or recycled askarel requires f u l l e r ' s earth treatment. The spent f u l l e r ' s earth In cartrid g es or bags when replaced should be allowed to thoroughly drain over d rip pans to remove as much liq u id askarel as possible. The c a rtrid g e units of steel mesh construction should be placed in the "Steel Contaminated with Askarel" container fo r d is p o s itio n . Cloth bags f i l l e d with f u l l e r ' s earth shall be placed In the "Scrap Burnable Askarel Waste" container f o r disposition. d. Teardown o f Units f o r Repair or Scrap I . Teardown Procedure a . Ora In a i l askarel from the u n it e it h e r In to a holding tank fo r reuse or Into the drum labeled "Scrap Askarel" * fo r disp o sitio n , then allow s u ffic ie n t time fo r a l l the askarel to d rain from the core and c o i l s . * b. Remove the core and c o ll assembly from the transformer. S u f f ic ie n t absorbent material should be placed on the flo o r to a b s o rb any askarel flu id that s t i l l drips from the transformer. . c. Place a l l materials In the appropriate salvage containers during the dismantling for later disposition. d. A ll used m a te ria ls , Including rags, sawdust, tape, e t c . , regardless of q u a n tity , shall be put Into the appropriate containers for disposition. B. Transformer la b e lin g 1) New Transformers AM new transformers that contain PCB's shall have a label o f adequate d u r a b ilit y permanently and prominently attached to the tank by the manufacturer, giving adequate warning and In s tru c tio n s . A suggested ' l a b e l would Include the fo llo w in g :- Page 8 UPC00007588 4 770227 i1ii r i il k l' I L Secl_f2ciHGiHid a n in - (Cont'd) B, Transformer Labeling 1) New Transformers - (Cont'd) CAUTION THE INSULATING LIQUID IN THIS TRANSFORMER CONTAINS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB's). CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO PREVENT ENTRY INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. IN CASE OF HALFUNCTION OR LEAKS, CONSULT THE INSTRUCTION HANUAL OR THE MANUFACTURER. 2) In-Service Transformers The transformer manufacturer should make s u ita b le labels a v a ila b le with a s im ila r warning as in B-l above fo r use on e x is tin g trans formers . C. Transformer Users - Shipping, In s t a l l a t i o n , Maintenance. Sampling, Apparatus Disposal ~ 1) Genera I A s k a r e l - f l l l e d transformers are delivered to customers as sealed' u n its from which there Is no escape o f askarel under normal opera t i o n . . While c e rta in types o f equipment f a ilu r e s can permit loss o f some askarel to the environment, such cases are extremely ra re . 2) Transportation and Receiving Immediately upon receip t o f the equipment and fo llo w in g any tran s p o rtatio n or handling accident which could a f f e c t the I n t e g r i t y o f the tank, bushings or rad lato rs,. examine the tran sp o rtatio n v e h ic le , ' tank end f i t t i n g s for-any leakage or s p illa g e th a t may have occur red In shipping. I f leakage Is evident, co rrect the cause and soak lip s p illa g e with absorbent m aterials such as sawdust, follo w in g with clean-up o f the affe c te d area with rags soaked with kerosene - or other approved solvent such as perchloroethylene or t r i c h l o r o ethylene. C o lle c t a l l m aterials used fo r proper d isp o sitio n as .described in Section 3 I F, "Disposal Procedures and Service s." 3) In s t a lla t io n and Periodic Inspection Following In s t a l l a t i o n , the u n it should again be Inspected f o r any damage or leakage. I t Is recommended th a t p eriodic In -s e rv ic e Inspections be made fo r any leaks: A)" F illin g , F ilte r in g , or Drying Askarel Host askarel units are shipped with the proper amount o f askarel but I f I t becomes necessary to top o f f a u n i t , follow the manufacturer's Instructions. Page 9 mm b NPC00007589 770228 II. S p e c ific G uidelines - (Cont'd) C. (Cont'd) ft) F i l l i n g , F i l t e r i n g , or Drying Askarel - (Cont'd) I f necessary to dry o r f u l l e r ' s earth t r e a t an askarel u n i t , fo llo w the manufacturer's In stru ctio n s. When f i l t e r i n g or con d itio n in g ask a re l, a l l o f the same precautions previously des cribed apply as to d rip pans, proper disposal o f f i l t e r media, etc. 5) Samp!lng I t Is cannon practice to sample askarel from a transformer fo r p erio d ic maintenance testin g * As previously described, such samples should be taken In a manner to avoid any contamination o f the environment. Washings should be co llected fo r proper disposal. Field and laboratory t e s t samples, washings, e t c . , should also be co llected f o r proper disposal. 6) Transformer Disposal The u ltim a te disposal o f an a s k a r e l - f I I l e d transformer may bo accomplished In e it h e r o f two ways. a . Complete drainage and dismantling w ith the proper disposal o f the askarel end askarel-soaked components as described e a r l i e r In the section "Disposal Procedures and Service s." b. D isposition o f askarel transformers by means of Junk or scrap dealers should be avoided unless a transformer Is f i r s t drained, followed by soaking o f the In t e r io r with a s u ita b le solvent. Accumulated liq u id s and washings are to be disposed o f as described e a r l i e r . {. - Pego 10 * NPC0000759Q 770229 ;f . J I 8 ! il SECTION 4 DISPOSAL SERVICES ,,*000001591 770^3 4 SECTION 4 DISPOSAL SERVICES In a d d itio n to the managed, supervised dry l a n d - f i l l s it e s which may be used fo r .disposal o f askarel-co n teln ln g scrap, the following ad d itio n al known f a c i l i t i e s and services have been e stab lish ed , and others may be a v a ila b le . A. CHEH-TROL POLLUTION SERVICES. INC. - 48l8 Lake Avenue B la s d e ll, New York 14219 Phone 716-826-5850 , F a c il it ie s and S e rv ic e s C apable o f H a n d lin g Liquids - Askarels alone or mixed with solvents or o i l s , Disposal by high temperature In c in e ra tio n . Sol Ids (Software) - Askarel soaked compounds, rags, cartons, absorbing e arth s, e t c . Disposal by in cin eratio n or scientific lan d -fill. .4 Sol Ids (Hardware) - Capacitors, transformer tanks, cores, askarel soaked metals. Disposal by s c i e n t i f i c l a n d - f i l l . Has solvent extraction capability. . B. MONSANTO COMPANY - 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63166 Phone 314-694-3352 F a c i l i t i e s and Services Capable o f Handling Liquids ~ Askarels alone or mixed with other o i l s or solvents by high temperature In c in e ra tio n . Liquid Is pumped through gun with atomizing steam into In c in e ra to r. Temperatures maintained at 2000-2500F with a u x ilia r y natural gas. E x it gases are quenched to 180F by contacting with water. Gas 1$ then passed through a high-energy venturi scrubber fo r removal o f p a r t ic u - - la te s . Before exhausting to a i r (110F), gases ere passed through a packed column scrubber to remove HCl.1 1 il 1 Page 1 NPC00007592 770231 il II I n I) t I I I<1 j Ii \ I C. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING COMPANY - E a s te r n D i v i s i o n F . O. Box 146 M orehead, K entucky 40351 Phone 606-784-6611 D is p o s a i D iv is io n S h e ffie ld , I llin o is Phone 815-454-2624 F a c il it ie s and S e rv ic e s C apable o f H a n d lin g P ro vid e s c o n ta in e riz a tio n , tra n s p o rta tio n and d is p o s a l s e rv ic e s o f a l l liq u id s and s o lid s (in c lu d in g h a rd w a re )* D is p o s a l is in c o n t r o l l e d c h e m ic a l a nd s c i e n t i f i c l a n d f i l l a re a AEC lic e n s e d f o r r a d io a c tiv e w a ste d is p o s a l. Has two W est C oast lo c a tio n s i n s ta te s o f W ashington and C a lifo r n ia in a d d itio n to above. D . ROLLINS-PURLE, IN C . - Box 3349 W ilm in g to n ; D elaw are 19699 Phone 302-478-5150 F a c ilit ie s and S e rv ic e s C apable o f H a n d lin g L iq u id s - A s k a re l a lo n e o r m ixed w ith s o lv e n ts o r o i l s . D isp o sa l by h ig h te m p e ra tu re in c in e ra tio n . S o lid s (S o ftw a re ) - A s k a re l soaked compounds, ra g s , c a rto n s , a b so rb in g e a rth s , e tc . D is p o s a l by In c in e ra tio n a t com bustion te m p e ra tu re s up to 2500*F. In c in e r a tio n gases a re s c ru b b e d , and e n tra in e d s o lid s removed b e fo re e xh a u stin g to a ir . D isp o sa l f a c i l it ie s a re a v a ila b le ' a t th e fo llo w in g , lo c a tio n s . Logan: R o llin s -P u rle , In c . R oute 322 Logan Township B r id g e p o r t , New J e r s e y 08014 Baton Rouge: R o llin s -P u rle , In c . S c e n ic Hwy. & W. C heatham L ane S c o tla n d v llie H ast B aton Rouge P a ris h L o u is ia n a 70807 H ouston: R o llin s -P u rle , In c . . T i d a l Road & H u y . *134 - 'J e e r P a r k , T e x a s 77536 Page 2 NPC00007593 770232 j SECTION 5 APPENDIX ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND LABORATORY SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS NPC00007594 770233 4 SECTION S APP ENDI X ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES AND LABORATORY SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS A n a ly t ic a l p ro c e d u re s f o r d e te rm in in g PCB's In a i r , w a te r, and se d im e n ts a re attached as P a r t I a n d P a rt I I . The fo llo w in g la b o ra to rie s a re re p re s e n ta tiv e o f those o ffe r in g s e rv ic e s f o r FCB a n a ly s e s : C am s C hem ical C orp. 1375 E ig h th S tre e t L a S a lle , I l l i n o i s 1301 Phone 615-223-1500 L lm n e tlc s , In c* (S u b s id ia ry o f Carus C o rp .) 132 West Fond du Lac Avenue M ilw aukee, W isco n sin 53218 Phone 414-451-9500 G o llo b A n a ly tic a l S e rv ic e C orp. 47 I n d u s t r ia l Road B e r k e le y H e ig h t s , New J e r s e y 07922 Phone 201-464-3331 I 1 0001 5 9 5 770234 4 PAKT Page 1 A TENTATIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AIRBORNE-POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS. SCOPE T his proce d u re 1s based on te c h n iq u e s o r i g i n a l l y deve lop ed f o r th e I s o la t io n and d e te r m in a tio n o f p o ly c h lo r in a t e d b ip h e n y ls (PCBs) In w a te r* s o l l/ s e d l m e n t , and b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l s . ' A b s o lu te c o n f i r m a t i o n o f PCB s t r u c t u r e I s n o t o b t a in e d w i t h t h i s method. Where needed* a d d i t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e p r o o f s h o u ld be ob ta in e d u s in g te c h n iq u e s such as mass s p e c tr o m e tr y to f u r t h e r I d e n t i f y 6C f r a c t i o n s . PRINCIPLE A irb o rn e PCBs a re absorbed In t o lu e n e by d ra w in g th e a i r th ro u g h one o r more f r i t t e d b u b b le rs o r Im p ln g e rs 1n c y l i n d e r s f i l l e d w ith to lu e n e . A f t e r sampling a s u ita b le amount o f a i r the s c ru b b in g s o l v e n t 1s d i l u t e d o r c o n c e n tr a te d and I n t e r f e r i n g components 1 f p r e s e n t, are removed by chemleel tre a tm e n t and column a b s o r p t io n ch ro m a to g ra p h y . The amount and ty p e o f PCB p re s e n t 1s d e te rm in e d by e l e c t r o n c a p t u r e ch rom ato graphy (E C /8 C ). REAGENTS Hexane Toluene Sodium S u lfa te . Alumine A dsorption Nanograde. H a l l l n c k r o d t Chemical Works Works, Catalog No. 4159. Nanograde, H a llln c k ro d t Chemical Works* C atalog No. 8092. A n hydrous, g r a n u l a r : AR grade* H a llln c k ro d t Chemical Works, Catalog No. 8042. Heat a t 400* C f o r one h o u r p rio r to use. ( fo r chromatographic a n a lysis) 80/200 mesh,^Fisher S c ie n tific Co., Catalog No. A540. Heat a t 400C f o r a minimum p e r io d o f 4 h r s . and d e a c t i v a t e w i t h 51 (w/w) d i s t i l l e d w ater. Alumina column p re p a ra tio n : F i l l a c h r o m a to g r a p h ic column w i t h hexane up to the p o in t where the r e s o r v o lr jo in s . the column and push a g la s s wool p lu g to the bottom w ith a glass r o d . . In a 50 ml b o a ke r measure 35 ml o f d e a c t i v a t e d alum ina ( ^ 3 0 g ) , and pour t h is s lo w ly In to NPC00007596 770235 4 Page Z D is tille d Hater S u lfu ric Acid Potassium Hydroxide Ethanol 2.5X (w /v) A lc o h o lic Potassium Hydroxide 9/1 ( v /v ) S u lf u r ic Acid Hater PCB Standards th e column. Tap o r v i b r a t e th e column to s e t t l e the alum ina and top th e alum ina w i t h 2-3 cm o f anhydrous sodium s u l f a t e . Hash th e column w it h 50-100 .nl o f hexane p r io r to the a d d itio n o f the sample. E x tra c te d w ith hexane to remove hexane soluble electron capturing Im p u ritie s. A n a l y t i c a l Reagent Grade, SG * 1 .6 4 A n a ly t ic a l Reagent Grade Formula 2B D is s o lv e * 1 2 . 5 grams o f AR grade KOH In 500 ml o f e th a n o l. C a r e f u l l y add 270 ml o f A.P grade s u l f u r i c a d d to 30 ml o f d i s t i l l e d w a te r In a 500 ml Ice d bea ker A ro c lo r 1 0 1 6 , 1221, 1242, 1248, 1254 and 1260 APPARATUS 1. Gas S c ru b b in g B o t t l e s , H igh fo r m , ground g la s s J o i n t F r it t e d Coarse D iscs. 2. S eparatory fu n n e ls equipped w ith ground glass stoppers and T e f lo n s t o p c o c k s : 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ml c a p a c i t i e s . 3. Kunderno-D aM sh E v a p o r a tiv e C o n c e n t r a t o r s , 500 ml c a p a c i t y equ ip p e d w i t h 3 - b a l l Snyder columns and g ra d u a te d 5 ml c a p a c i t y v i a l s : Ace G lassw are Company, C a ta lo g No. 6707. 4. C h ro m a to g ra p h ic c o lu m n s , g l a s s , 10" X 20 mm (OD) w i t h a 5" x 50 mm (OD) r e s e r v o i r a t the t o p , equ ip p e d w i t h T e f lo n s t o p cocks. 5. F l a t bottom ed b o i l i n g f l a s k s , 125 ml c a p a c i t y : Ace G lassw are Company, C a ta lo g No. 6Q96, Code - 04. 6. L i e b i g Condenser, 200 mm in l e n g t h : Ace G lassw are Company* * - C a ta lo g No. 5915, Code - 12. 7. Hot p la te s* Corning PC-100: F isher S c le n tlflc 'C o m p a n y . B. W ater b a t h , T h e lc o , P r e c i s i o n S c i e n t i f i c , Model No. B4, F is h e r S c i e n t i f i c Company. 9. lO y il H a m ilto n S y rin g e s , C a ta lo g No. 701N. 10. Dry T e s t M e te r o r Net T e s t Gas M e te r. 11. L a b o r a to r y Vacuum Pump. 12. R o ta tin g vacuum e v a p o r a to r . 13. Usual la b o r a t o r y g la s s w a re . UPCOOO O T 5 9 "7 4 770236 I I JayiP U N fi Page 3 - A ir Bleed I Ix J Laboratory Sample ^ Gas In le t Scrubber(s) Dry Test Meter 4 |J L 4 Vacuum Pump I SAMPLING TRAIN I The a i r to be sampled f o r a i r b o r n e PCBs Is drawn th ro u g h a gas ic r u b b e r ( s ) and a d r y t e s t m eter u s in g a la b o r a t o r y vacuum pump, I sampling f lo w r a t e Is c o n t r o l l e d by b le e d in g 1n a i r v i a a n e e d le v a lv e lo c a t e d between th e pump and th e m e te r. A t th e end o f th e The sampling p e rio d th e metered gas volumes are c o r re c te d f o r tem pera I tu r e and p re s s u re t o c u b ic meters a t 25 C. and 760 mm. Hg. I t Is Im portant to note th a t n e ith e r the ca p a city nor the e ffic ie n c y I jo f the gas s e r u b b e r ( s ) f o r removal o f a i r b o r n e PCBs have been 'e x p e r im e n t a lly e v a l u a t e d , f o r t h i s reason 1 t 1s b e s t t o m in im iz e the sampling flo w ra te and maximize the sam pling tim e p e rio d to jo b ta ln m easurable amounts o f PCBs. Uhen h ig h f l o w r a t e s must be 1(employed o r a l a r g e r c a p a c i t y may be needed I t 1s recommended t h a t f&everal gas s c ru b b e rs be used 1n tandem. Exftfuit Mlt Is c a u tio n e d t h a t u n t i l th e e f f i c i e n c y and c a p a c it y o f th e to lu e n e gas s c ru b b e r has been e x p e r i m e n t a l l y e s t a b l is h e d t h i s p ro c e d u re S hould be o n l y used to measure r e l a t i v e PCB l e v e l s sampled und er q u lv a le n t c o n d it io n s . ROCEDURE 1. A fte r scrubbing the desire d amount o f a ir record the metered volume pressure and te m p e ra tu re . Q u a n tita tiv e ly tra n s fe r the scrubbing so lve n t to a round bottom f l a s k and reduce th e volume to a p p r o x im a t e ly 2 ml by r o t a r y vacuum e v a p o r a tio n . Q u a n t i t a t i v e l y t r a n s f e r th e c o n c e n t r a t e to 30 ml b e a k e r w i t h th e aid o f several small p o rtio n s o f toluene. ( I n j e c t a f r a c t i o n o f a / i l o f th e c o n c e n tra te In to the gas chromatograph to check f o r In te r fe r e n c e s and determ ine the a p p ro x im a te l e v e l o f PCBs p r e s e n t . I f no I n t e r f e r e n c e s are p re se n t d i l u t e o r c o n c e n tra te th e sample to a known volume* as de te rm in e d by the e l e c t r o n c a p t u r e chromatogram and proceed w ith the gas c h ro m a to g ra p h ic a n a ly s is . PC00007598 770237 4 Page * I f 1n te rfe re n c e s a r t present proceed w ith th e chemical t r e a t ment and column c h r o m a t o g r a p h ic c le a n up p r o c e d u r e s . .6 T r a n s f e r t h e c o n c e n t r a t e to a 125 ml e x t r a c t i o n f l a s k 1 t h th e aid of several small portions of s o lv e n t. 7 . Evaporate the concentrate ju s t to dryness w ith a g en tle stream o f d ry f i l t e r e d a i r and add 25 ml o f 2 .5 X a l c o h o l i c p o t a s s iu m hydroxide. 8 . Add a b o i l i n g c h i p , p u t a w a t e r c o n d e n s e r 1n p l a c e * and a l l o w the s o lu tio n to r e f l u x f o r 45 m in u tes. 9. A f t e r c o o l i n g , t r a n s f e r t h e s o l u t i o n to a 250 ml s e p a r a t o r y f u n n e l w i t h th e a i d o f 25 ml o f d i s t i l l e d w a t e r . 1 0 . R in se th e e x t r a c t i o n f l a s k w i t h 25 ml o f hexane and add I t to t h e separatory fu n n e l. u . Sto p p er th e s e p a r a to r y fu n n e l and shake v ig o r o u s ly f o r a t l e a s t 1 m in u te . A llo w th e la y e r s to s e p a r a te and t r a n s f e r th e lo w e r aqueous phase to a second s e p a ra to ry fu n n e l. 1 2 . E x t r a c t th e s a p o n l f 1c a t l o n s o l u t i o n w i t h a second 25 ml p o r t i o n o f hexane. A f t e r the la y e r s have s e p a r a te d , add the f i r s t hexane e x t r a c t to the second s e p a ra to ry funnel and t r a n s f e r the aqueous alco h o l la y e r to the o r ig in a l s e p a ra to ry fu n n e l. 13. R ep eat t h e e x t r a c t i o n w i t h a t h i r d 25 ml p o r t i o n o f h e x a n e . D is c a rd th e s a p o n i f i c a t i o n s o l u t i o n and combine th e hexane e x tracts. C a r e f u l l y add 25 ml o f th e s u l f u r i c a c id s o l u t i o n ( 9 : 1 c o n c e n - tra te d s u lf u r ic ac 1 d /w a ter) to the hexane e x tr a c ts . S topper the s e p a r a to r y fu n n el and shake v ig o r o u s ly f o r a t le a s t one m in u te . A llo w th e la y e r s to s e p a r a t e and d i s c a r d th e lo w e r aqueous a c id l a y e r . R ep eat t h i s s te p u n t i l th e a c i d l a y e r 1s c o lo rle s s . Wash t h e hexane w i t h 25 ml p o r t i o n o f w a t e r . D i s c a r d t h e w a t e r wash. F i l t e r the hexane e x t r a c t through a 4" funnel plugged w ith glass wool w hich 1s c o v e re d w i t h a l a y e r n f sodium s u l f a t e I n t o a Kunderna-Danlsh evap o rative c o n cen trato r. Add a s m a ll b o i l i n g c h i p , p u t th e S n yd er column In p l a c e and r e duce th e hexane volume t o le s s than 5 ml by h e o t l n g th e a p p a ra tu s in a 8 0 - 9 0 C. w a t e r b a t h . A f t e r c o o l i n g , remove t h e 5 ml g r a d u a t e d tu b e and t r a n s f e r t h * hexane e x t r a c t to an a lu m in a a d s o r p t i o n column w ash in g 1 t 1n 1 t h s e v e r a l 5 ml p o r t i o n s o f h e x a n e . i NPC00007599 770238 V Page 5 20. C a r e f u l l y add 100 ml o f hexane t o t h e column r e s o r v o l r and c o l l a e t t h e t o t a l e l u e n t 1n e i t h e r a 250 ml v o l u m e t r i c f l a s k or a Kunderna-Danlsh ev a p o ra tiv e co n cen trato r. 2 1 . I f t h e column e l u e n t 1s c o l l e c t e d I n a v o l u m e t r i c f l a s k , d i l u t e to volume w ith hexane and proceed w it h th e gas c h ro m ato g rap h ic a n a ly s is . 22. I f t h e column e l u e n t 1s c o l l e c t e d In a K u n d e rn a -D a n ls h e v a p o r a t iv e c o n c e n tr a to r , reduce s o lv e n t volum e, c o o l, d i l u t e to volume and proceed w it h gas c h ro m a to g ra p h ic a n a l y s i s . I l e c t r o n C a p tu re Sas C h ro m ato g rap h ic P r o c e d u r e : In s t r u m e n t : . F6H 402 B io m e d fo l Gas C h ro m ato g rap h Detector: High Tem perature N163 E le c tro n C apture C ell 6 mm x 6 1 Glass C olum n, 4X X E -6 0 on B 0 /1 0 0 mesh Chromosorb W, HP, AU-DMCS Column T e m p e r a tu r e : 1 6 0 - 1 9 0 * C. D etecto r Tem perature: 300* C. In je c t io n P o rt Tem perature: 1 9 5 -2 1 5 * C. Pulse: 150 * Plow' Rates.; H elium C a r r i e r *6 0 m l/m in Argon-Hathane Purge *120 ml/min Using EC/GC as t h e d e t e r m i n a t i v e s t o p . I n j e c t 1n d u p l i c a t e 1 - 1 0 >il o f each s o l u t i o n I n t o . t h e c h r o m a t o g r a p h . By c o m p a ris o n w i t h s t a n d a r d s o l u t i o n s I n j e c t e d , 1n d u p l i c a t e , u n d e r t h e same o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s , determ ine the amount and type o f A ro c lo r using th e In d iv id u a l or t o ta l peak h e ig h t and area methods. DISCUSSION Sample C o n c e n tra tio n C o n c e n t r a t io n o f sam ple e x t r a c t s I s n e c e s s a r y , p r i o r to c l e a n up by chrom atographic o r chem ical means, to reduce sample s iz e and I n crease s e n s i t i v i t y . The p r e fe r r e d method o f c o n c e n tra tin g a llo w s minimum lo s s th ro u g h v o l a t i l i z a t i o n o r c h e m l c a l - d e c o m p c s l t l o n and re q u ire s a minimum tim e . The th r e e methods o f s o lv e n t volume r e d u c tio n most commonly used a re e v a p o r a tio n b y-e x p o s u re to a stream of a ir , evaporation employing t Kunderna-Danlsh evap o rative concen t r a t o r equipped w ith a Snyder column, and e v a p o ra tio n under reduced pressure. i. thro*.* tc.-i n n iq n c s tnivc boon u s l w it h o u t cn:ro\m!:i.'r int any pf-.jhi H r-.-.nl iuKM?s rrn:n v o lc it i 1 i / . a t io n o r cb rn u cal. n K r r r u t i o n . olumn A d s o r p t io n C h ro m a to g ra p h y a nd Ch e m ic a l C le a n Up S i l i c a g e l , f l o r l s l l and A lum ina d e a c t i v a t e d w it h 0 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 , 2 . 0 and NPC000Q7600 4 770239 5 t w a te r were I n v e s t i g a t e d as a d s o rb e n ts f o r th e e l i m i n a t i o n o f i n t e r * fe re n c e s . Alum ina ( SX w a t e r ) was found t o be more e f f e c t i v e and r e p r o d u c ib le th a n e i t h e r s i l i c a g e l o r F 1 o r 1 s 1 l. The a c t i v i t y o f alumina v a r i e s w i t h age aid l o t , t h e r e f o r e , 5% w a te r was added t o the alum ina, a f t e r h e a tin g f o r a minimum o f 4 hours a t 400*C, to In s u re a reproduci blc a c t iv lty . S a p o n ific a tio n and subsequent e x tra c tio n o f the sample w ith s u l f u r ic acid 1s an e f f e c t i v e way to remove a number o f c h l o r i n a t e d h y d ro c a rb o n i n t e r f e r e n c e s as w e l l as .o th e r m a t r i x I n t e r f e r e n c e s . PCBs a rc n o t affected. E le c t r o n C a ptu re Gas C h ro m a tn n r;p h y Columns Column perfo rm a n ce 1s th e key t o a f f e c t i v e gas c h r o m a to g r a p h ic a n a l y s i s and as such th e c h o ic e o f column m a t e r i a l s Is p a r t i c u l a r l y I m p o r t a n t . I d e a l l y , th e s u p p o r t employed s h o u ld be I n e r t , m e c h a n ic a lly s t r o n g , and o f h igh s u r fe c e a re a , chromoaorb w, u p , a w -dmcs fulfills th e s e requirements and ia recommended for this work. A variety of polar and non-polar liquid phases have been investigated. The following columns have been found to provide adequate separation, etc., for use In 'p c B a n a ly s i s by e l e c t r o n c a p t u r e : 41 (w /w ) DC-200, S F -96 , OV-17, SE-30, SE-S4, XE-60, Apleson L , and 6 QF-1. DC-200 and XE-60 o r Q F -l have been found t o bo th e moot s u i t a b l e o f th o s e l i q u i d phases. Another I m p o r ta n t c o n s i d e r a t io n when w o rk in g w i t h an e x tre m e ly s e n s i t i v e d e t e c t o r end c o n s e q u e n tly lew l e v e l s o f m a t e r i a l s 1s column c o n d l t l a n l n o . With p o la r phases such as XE-60 and Q F - l, ' operating a new column o v e r n i g h t a t a te m p e ra tu r e 2ff-SQC h i g h e r th a n t o bo used d u rin g a n a ly s i s r e s u l t s 1n a more s t a b l e colum n. A n o - f l o w c o n d i t i o n i n g te chnique 1s omployed to c o n d i t i o n n o n - p o la r colum ns. Tha column I s purged w i t h c o r r l ' o r gas, heated f o r 30 M in u ta s a t an e l e v e t e d t e m p e ra tu r e w ith o u t c a r r i e r f lo w and then cooled to room te m p e ra tu re . A t the end of t h i s c y c l e , th e c a r r i e r f l o w 1s resumed and the c o n d i t i o n i n g 1s com p le te d as In th e case o f th a p o l a r l i q u i d phase, Two p r e c a u t i o n s : d u rin g c o n d i t i o n i n g , th e column s h o u ld n o t be connected to th e d e t e c t o r and one s h o u ld n o t exceed th e maximum s a fe te m p e ra tu r e o f tn e l i q u i d phase, jln c e a l l l i q u i d s u b s tr a to s b lo o d to one dearee o r a n o th e r and column e v e n t u a ll y d e g ra d o , a l l mw colum ns sh ou ld be rh n r.a c te riz .a d w ith two column performance I n d i c a t o r s - th o number e.v* t h o o r o t l c a l p l a t e s (N) and a t a ilin g fa c to r (T ). p , p '-D0T 1s employed to check those parametors because I t 1* known to degrade on " p o o r 1' colusnns. In t h i s m anner, one can d e te rm in e i f th a p e rfo rm a n ce o f a now c o lu s n i s s a t i s f a c t o r y end when the column p e rfo rm a n ce b e g in s t o f e l l o f f . A column .i s c o n s id e re d 9ood I f the number o f t h o u r n t l c B l p l& to s p e r f o o t Is on th o o r d e r o f 400-500 w ith t a i l i n g fa c to rs o f 1 .0 - 1 .3 . C a lc u la tio n o f these parameters is diown i n th e A p p e n d ix. A d d i t i o n a l l y , th e r e s h o u ld be no s1gn1.fic_arit_ NPC00007601 770240 Paga 7 extraneous p ta k* upon I n je c t io n o f a pure p,p-0DT standard. % O the r c h ro m a to g ra p h ic c o n d i t i o n s t h a t can ba a d ju s t a d a ra column temperature and flo w ra te s . Although re s o lu tio n o f a m ixtu re In* creases w ith d e c re a s in g te m p e ra tu re * a tem p era ture s h o u ld be chosen th a t allow s the e lu tio n o f a l l components w ith in a convenient tim e p e r io d . T)je flo w r a t e s shown a r e optimum f o r a g iv en in stru m e n t, column and d e te c to r sy stem . These should be a d ju ste d i f b e t t e r r e s u lts can be achieved. Two g a s c h ro m a to g ra p h ic sy ste m s have b een u sed f o r PCB a n a l y s i s - F & M Model 402 and 5 7 5 0 . Any sy stem o f in s tru m e n t and column s u i t a b l e f o r c h lo r in a t e d p e s t i c i d e s i s s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r PCB a n a l y s i s . The u se o f th e h ig h te m p e ra tu re Wi&3 e l e c t r o n c a p tu r e c e l l i s h ig h ly recommended, The a b i l i t y to o p e ra te a t h ig h e r tem p eratu res p re v e n ts m aintenance problem s due to co n tam in atio n from h igh b o ilin g com ponents. G la ss columns should a ls o be em ployed. D e te c tio n and Measurement Q u a n tita tive determ ination* employing the e le ctro n capture d e te c to r, are r.o n -sto1eh 1om etr1c neasurom onts made by com paring peek h e i g h t s o r areas f o r known c o n c e n tr a t io n * w i t h those f o r unknown c o m p o s itio n * . Three v a r ia tio n s o f tho peak h e ig h t o r area q u a n tific a t io n proce dures hove been employed. Case I EC gas e h r o n a to g r o o o f PCD unknown unchanged w i t h r e t p o c t t o s ta n d a r d PCB w i t h no e v id e n c e o f I n t e r ferences. Case I I EC g a t chrom atogram o f PCD unknown a l t e r e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o s ta n d a r d PCB w i t h no e vid e n ce o f I n t e r ferences . Case I I I EC gas chromatogram o f PCB unknown unchanged w i t h * r o s p o c t to s ta n d a r d PCB w i t h e vid e n ce o f I n t e r f e r e n c e . The amount o f PCBs In Case I samples * 3 d e te rm in e d by p r e p a r i n g a p lo t o f the major peak h e ig h t o r area v t . c o n c e n tra tio n . With Case I I I samples* a poak f r e e from I n t e r f e r e n c e i s use d . When dominant I n te r f e r e n c e s a rc p re s e n t one o r more o f th e chem ical :1ean up proced ure s i s employed. In a l l eases* th e response o f th e e l e c t r o n c a p tu r e d e t e c t o r must be linea r fo r ,,quantitative analysis. Contamination In d e te r m in in g PCB's 1n b i o l o g i c a l m a t e r i a l ? by e l e c t r o n c a p t u r e gds chromatography* la b o r a to ry sources o f contam in ation can be a m ajor 770241 4 Page 8 problem. The sanples end ex tra ct a should never he allowed to come In contact with m aterials other than g la s s , Teflon or metal, Laboratory glassware should be thoroughly washed with hot, soapy water, rinsed with d is tille d water, acetone, and then hexane. A ll equipment should also be rinsed again with hexane ju s t p rior to use and blanks should be frequently carried through a l l stops of the procedures to Insure against the p o s s ib ility o f contamination. SENSITIVITY* Two part a per U U lc n Absolute s e n s itiv ity - 0 ,5 x 10"9 grams Volume In jected - 5 > L . Final volume of ex tra ct - 5 m l . Sample size - 290 ml. UPC00007603 4 770242 4 I. WAPT j g g ; ANALYSIS OF HATER AND SEDIHEHT FOR POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Page l v ** * 'S scope * .'i T h is m ethodology was d eve lop ed f o r th e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f th e amount and type o f p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d b i p h e n y ls (PCB) 1n M a te r and s e d im e n t s a m p le s . A b so lu te c o n f i r m a t i o n o f PCB s t r u c t u r e s 1s n o t o b t a in e d w i t h t h i s method. S t r u c t u r e p r o o f can be o b t a in e d u s in g a d d i t i o n a l te c h n iq u e s such as mass s p e c t r o m e tr y t o f u r t h e r I d e n t i f y t h e GC f r a c t i o n s . f PRINCIPLE The PCB(s) i n w a te r an'd s e d im e n t samples are e x t r a c t e d i n t o an o r g a n ic s o lv e n t. I n t e r f e r in g components are then removed from th e e x tra c ts B by chem ical t r e a t m e n t and column a d s o r p t i o n c h ro m a to g ra p h y . The amount and type o f PCD p r e s e n t is d e te r m in e d by e l e c t r o n c a p t u r e gas chroma tography (EC/6C) .' j.| REAGENTS l PI i-i i \*C V Hexane A c e to n itrile Nanograde, M a llin c k ro d t C a ta lo g No. 4159. Nanograde, M a llin c k ro d t C a ta lo g No. 2442. Chemical . ' O Chemical Works ; > .! * * .1 i i Works &^.* Sodium S u lfa te M Anhydrous g r a n u l a r : AR grade M a l l i n c k r o d t Chemical Works C a ta lo g No. 8042. Neat a t 400#C f o r one hour p r io r to use. Alumina A dsorption ( fo r chromatographic a n a lysis) 80/200 mesh F i s h e r S c i e n t i f i c Co. C a ta lo g No. A540. Heat a t 400*C f o r a minimum p e rio d o f 4 h r s . and d e a c tiv a te w it h 5T (w /w ) d i s t i l l e d w a t e r . D is tille d Water Alumina column p re p a ra tio n : F i l l a chrom atographic column w ith hexane up to .the p o in t where the ro s e rv o ir J o in t the column and push a g la s s wool plug to th e b o tto m w i t h a g la s s r o d . I n a 59 n l b e a k e r measure 35 ml o f d e a c t i v a t e d alumina (~ 3 0 g ),.a n d pour th is slow ly I n t o the colum n. Tap o r v ib r a t e the column to. s e t t l e th o alum ina and top the a lu m in a w i t h 2 -3 cm. o f anhydrous sodium s u l f a t e . Hash th e column w i t h 50-100 ml o f hexane p r io r to the a d d itio n of the sample. E x trn c te d w ith hexane to remove hexane soluble electron capturing Im p u ritie s. 1I NPC00007604 4 770243 S u lfu ric Acid A n a l y t i c s ! Roagent Grad SG 1.84 Potassium Hydroxide A n a ly tic a l Reagent Grade * Ethanol - .2.5% (w /v) A lco h o llc Potassium Hydroxide Formula 28 * D is s o lv e ~ 1 2 . 5 grams 500 ml o f e th a n o l ' t :i o f. AR g ra d e KOH i n ... ; r ' i 9/1 (v /v ) ; S u lfu ric Acid w ta te r PCD S tandards C a r e f u l l y add 270 ml o f AR g ra d e s u l f u r i c a c id to 30 ml o f d i s t i l l e d w a te r 1n a 500 ' ' ml Ice d b e a te r A re c lo r 1242, 1246, 1254 and 1260 APPARATUS '. - 1. S e parato ry fu n n e ls equipped w ith ground g la s s s to p p e rs and `l f T e f lo n s to p c o c k s : 125. 250 500, 1000 and 2000 ml c a p a c i t i e s . . 2. Kunderna0an1sh E v a p o r a tiv e C o n c e n t r a t o r s , 500 ml c a p a c i t y " v equipped w i t h 3 - b a l l Snyder columns and g radu ate d 5 ml c a p a c it y v i a l s : Ace G lassw are Company C a ta lo g No. 6707. 3. C h rom a to g ra p h ic colum ns, g l a s s , 10" x 20 mm (OD) w i t h I 5 " x 50 mm (OD) r e s e r v o i r a t th o top, equipped w i t h T e f lo n s to p c o c k s . 4. S in t e r e d g la s s f i l t e r f u n n e ls 600 ml c a p a c it y 90H, 5. F l a t bottomed b o i l i n g f la s k s 125 ml c a p a c i t y : Ace G lassware Company, C a ta lo g No. 6096, Code - 0 4 . 6. H e b i g Condenser, 200 mm 1n l e n g t h : Ace G lassw are Company, C a ta lo g No. 5915, Code - 12.. 7. Hot p l a t e s , C orning PC-1C0: F is h e r S c i e n t i f i c Company. 8. Water b a th , T h e lc o , P r e c is io n S c i e n t i f i c , Model No. 84 F is h e r S c i e n t i f i c Company. 9. R eciprocatin g v a ria b le speed shaker, Eberbach C o rp o ra tio n , F is h e r S c i e n t i f i c Company, 10. 10 / i l H a m ilto n S y r in g e s , C a ta lo g No. 701N. 11. 32 o x . a l l g la s s m o r ta r s and p e s t l e s , 12. B x 12 x 2 " ( 2 - 1 / 2 q t . ) P yrex b a k in g d i s h e s . 13. U.S, Stand ard S ie v e , No. 30, F i s h e r S c i e n t i f i c Company. 14. Usual la b o ra to ry glasswero. NPC00007605 770244 sampling- -It ia to be assumed that a rather wide variety of sampling techniques !. ] may be employed in collecting samples submitted for analysis. For > this reason water and sediment samples should be treated as follows: - Water Where p o s s i b l e t h e e n t i r e w a te r sam p le , I n c l u d i n g th e c o n t a i n e r In w h i c h . I t was c o l l e c t e d , i s e x t r a c t e d w i t h hexane. W ith l a r g e r ' samples, where t h is i s not p h y s ic a lly p o s s ib le , the c o n t a ln e r s o r e ; s im p ly a g i t a t e d and a 250 ml p o r t i o n used f o r a n a l y s i s * Sediment Any excess w a te r i s decanted and th e e n t i r e s e d im e n t t r a n s f e r r e d t o a glass b a k in g d is h to a i r d r y a t room t e m p e r a tu r e . The d r i e d m a t e r i e l ... i s t r a n s f e r r e d fro m th e d is h I n t o a m o r t a r and g r o u n d . ' - j : K' . The ground s e d im e n t i s s ie v e d , r e m ix e d , and a 250g p o r t i o n t a k e n - f o r 1 a n a ly s is . j PROCEDURES E x tr a c tio n o f Water Samples 1. E x tr a c tio n o f w a te r samples - a f t e r a g i t a t i n g , t r a n s f e r the e n t ir e aqueous sample o r a 250 ml a l i q u o t i n t o a g ra d u a te d g la s s c y l i n d e r . Record the volume o f the sample and q u a n t i t a t i v e l y t r a n s f o r I t to a separatory funnel w ith d is t ille d water. 2. Rinse th e g ra d u a te d c y l i n d e r w i t h two 50 ml p o r t i o n s o f hexene and add each to the s e p a r a t o r y f u n n e l . 3. S topp er th e s e p a r a to r y f u n n e l and shake v i g o r o u s l y f o r a t l e a s t 1 m in u te . A llo w the la y e r s to s e p a ra te and t r a n s f e r the lo w e r aqueous phase to a second s e p a ra to ry fu n n e l. 4. E x t r a c t th e w a te r sample a second tim e w i t h a 50 ml o o r t l o n o f hexane. A f t e r the la y e rs have s e p a ra te d , .add the f i r s t hexane e x t r a c t to the .second s o p o re to r y fu n n e l and t r a n s f e r the,aqueous layer to the o rig in a l separatory funnel. 5 . * Repeat th e e x t r a c t i o n w i t h a t h i r d 50 ml p o r t i o n o f hexane. D iscard the aqueous la y e r and combine the hexano e x t r a c ts . 6 F i l t e r th e combined e x t r a c t s th ro u g h a 4 " f u n n e l plugge d w it h glass wool which is covered w ith sodlujji s u lfa te . C o lle c t the f i l t r a t e 1n a K u nderna-D a nlsh e v a p o r a t i v i c o n c e n t r a t o r , add a small b o i l i n g c h ip , p u t the Snyder column in p la c e , and reduce - ..th e hexane volume to le s s th a n 5 ml by h e a t in g th e a p p a ra tu s In a fl0*90C w a te r b a t h . (CAUTION: SOLVENT VAPORS MUST BE VENTED. lo a hood. i ------------- -----------------;-------------------: 7" NPC00007606 4 770245 7. A f t e r c o o l i n g , remove th e 5 ml g ra d u a te d tube end t r a n s f e r hexane e x t r a c t t o an alum ina a d s o r p tio n column washing I t In w it h s e v e r a l 5 ml p o r t i o n s o f hexane. 8 . C a r e f u l l y add 100 ml o f hexane to th e column r e s e r v o i r and c o l l e c t the t o t a l e l u e n t 1n e i t h e r a Z50 ml v o l u m e t r i c f l a s k o r a Kunderna-Danlsh evap orative co n ce n tra to r. . 1 ii < 9. I f the column e lu e n t Is c o lle c te d In a v o lu m e tric fla s k , d ilu t e to volume w i t h hexane and proceed w i t h th e gas c h r o m a to g r a p h ic a n a ly s is . 10. I f th e column e l u e n t I s c o l l e c t e d 1n a K u nderna-D a nlsh e v a p o r a tiv e c o n c e n t r a t o r , reduce s o l v e n t volum e , c o o l , d i l u t e t o volume and proceed w i t h the gas c h ro m a to g ra p h ic a n a l y s i s . E x t r a c tio n o f Sediment and S o il Samples 1. Decant o f f any excess w a te r and t r a n s f e r the e n t i r e s e d im e n t* , sample to a glass baking d is h . A ir d ry a t am bient tem perature ( h e a t s h o u ld no t be a p p l i e d ) . 2. * When d r y , t r a n s f e r the s o l l / s e d l m e n t t o a m o r t a r and < g r i n d . S ie ve the ground m a t e r i a l th ro u g h a .N o . 30 mesh s ie v e and weigh 250g ( t o th e n e a r e s t O .O lg ) I n t o a 16 o z . narrow neck screw cap (aluminum f o i l li n e r ) glass b o t t le . 3. M oisten th e s o i l w i t h w a te r (^-*10 m l) and add 150 ml o f a c e t o n i t r i l e . Cap th e b o t t l e t i g h t l y , a n d . m e c h a n ic a lly shake f o r a minimum p e r io d o f 1 h o u r. 4. Q u a n t i t a t i v e l y t r a n s f e r the a c e t o n i t r i l e e x t r a c t .In to a 600 n l sfntored glass f i l t e r funnel c o n ta in in g a 1/4 " la y e r o f anhydrous sodium s u l f a t e , c o l l e c t th e f i l t r a t e In a 600 ml beaker (vacuum f i l t r a t i o n may be n e c e s s a r y ) . 5. A f t e r the a c e t o n i t r i l e has c o m p le te ly d r a in e d i n t o th e bea ke r, wash t h e . b o t t l e tw le e w i t h 50 ml p o r t i o n s o f a c e t o n i t r i l e , adding each wash to the fu n n e l a f t e r th e p r e v io u s has c o m p le t e ly p e r c o la te d . through the sediment. Q u a n tita tiv e ly tra n s fe r the e x tra c t to a Kunderna-Danlsh E vaporative c o n c e n tr a to r , add a small b o i l i n g c h ip , p u t the Snydar column i n p la c e , and rdd u ce th e s o l v e n t volume to le s s than 5 1 n9 th e a p p a ra tu s I n a 00-90C w a te r b a t h . (CAUTION: OLVjHV VAPORS MUST BE VENTED INTO A HOOD. ) * t o o l i n g remove th o 5 ml g ra d u a te d tube and t r a n s f e r th e - c o "* t r a c t s to a 125 ml e x t r a c t i o n f l a s k w i t h the sid varai small portion s o f so lve n t. NPC00007607 ^ 0246 4 Page S fl. Evaporate the e x tra c t ju s t to dryness w ith a gentle stream o f d ry f i l t e r e d n i t r o g e n and add 2S ml o f 2.5Y a l c o h o l i c p o ta s s iu m hydroxide. 9 . Add a b o i l i n g c h i p , p u t a w a t e r c o n d e n s e r I n p la c e and a l l o w the s o lu tio n to r e f lu x fo r 45 m inutes. 10. A f t e r c o o l i n g , t r a n s f e r th e s o l u t i o n to a 250 ml s e p a r a t o r y f u n n e l w i t h t h e a i d o f 25 ml o f d i s t i l l e d w a t e r . 11. Rinse the e x t r a c t i o n f l a s k w i t h 25 ml o f hexane and add 1 t to the separatory funnel. 12. , Stopper the s e p a ra to ry funnel and shake v ig o r o u s ly f o r a t le a s t 1 m in u te . A llo w th e l a y e r s to s e p a r a t e and t r a n s f e r th e lo w e r aqueous phase to a second s e p a ra to ry fu n n e l. 13. E x t r a c t t h e s a p o n i f i c a t i o n s o l u t i o n w it h a second 25 ml p o r t i o n o f hexane. A f t e r the la y e r s have s e p a ra te d add th e f i r s t hexane e x t r a c t to the second s e p a ra to ry fu n n el and t r a n s f e r th e aqueous alcohol la y e r to the o rig in a l separatory funnel.. 14. R ep eat t h e e x t r a c t i o n w i t h a t h i r d 25 ml p o r t i o n o f. h e x a n a . D iscard the s a p o n i f i c a t i o n s o lu t io n and combine th e hexane extracts. 15. " c a r e f u l l y add 25 ml o f th e s u l f u r i c a d d s o l u t i o n ( 9 : 1 c o n c e n tr a t e d suTTurTc a d d /w a te r) to the hexane e x tra c ts . 16. Stopper th e s e p a r a to r y fu n n e l and shake v ig o r o u s ly f o r a t l e a s t one m in u te . A llo w the la y e r s to s e p a ra te and d is c a r d th e low er aqueous - ac id la y e r . Repeat th is step u n til the a d d la y e r Is c o lo rle s s . 17. Mash th e hexan e w i t h 25 ml p o r t i o n o f w a t e r . D i s c a r d t h e w a t e r wash. IB. n i t e r the hexane e x t r a c t through a 4" funnel plugged w ith glass wool which is covered w ith a laye* of sodium s u lf a t e In to a Kunderna-Oanish evap o rative c o n c e n tra to r. 15. Add a s m a ll b o i l i n g c h i p , p u t t h e S n yd er column In p l a c e end re d u c e t h e h exane volume t o l e s s 'b a n 5 ml b y . h e a t i n g t h e apparatus In a 00-90C w ater bath 20. A f t e r c o o l i n g , remove t h e 5 ml g r a d u a t e d tu b e and t r a n s f e r t h e hexan e.ex t r a c t to an a lu m in a a d s o r p t io n column washing 1 t in w ith s e v e r a l 5 ml p o r t i o n s o f h e x a n e . 21, C a r e f u l l y add 100 ml o f h exan e t o t h e column r e s e r v o i r and c o l l e c t th e t o t a l e l u e n t 1 n e i t h e r a 250 ml v o l u m e t r i c f l a s k o r a KundernaOonlsh e v a p o ra tiv e c o n c e n tr a to r . HP C 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 8 4 770247 Page 6 I f the column e lu e n t Is c o lle c te d In a v o lu m e tric f l a s k , d i l u t e to volume w ith hexane and proceed w it h th e gas c h ro m a to g ra p h ic a n a ly s is . I f the column e l u e n t 1s c o l l e c t e d 1n a Kunderna-Danlsh e v a p o r a t iv e c o n c e n t r a t o r , reduce s o l v e n t volume* c o o l , d i l u t e to volume and proceed w it h gas c h ro m a to g ra p h ic a n a l y s i s . 'E le c tro n Capture Gas C h ro m a to g ra p h ic Procedure Instrum ent: Detector: F&M 402 B io m e d ic a l Gas Chromatograph High Temperature HI3 E le c tro n Capture C e ll 6mm X 6 ' Glass Column, A t XE-60 on 80/100 mesh Chromosorb W, HP, AU-DMCS Column Tem p e ra tu re : 160C D e te c to r Temperature: 300C I n j e c t i o n P o rt Tem perature: 195' P u lse : 150 Flew Rates Helium C a r r i e r ^ --60 ml/m1n Argon-Methane Purge 120 m l/m ln 'U sin g 1 EC/GC as th e d e t e r m i n a t i v e s t e p , I n j e c t i n d u p l i c a t e 1-10 p i o f each s o l u t i o n I n t o th e c h ro m a to g ra p h . By com parison w i t h s ta n d a r d s o l u t i o n s I n j e c t e d , 1n d u p l i c a t e , und er th e same o p e r a tin g , c o n d i t i o n s , determine the amount and typ e o f ArocTor u s in g the I n d i v i d u a l o r t o t a l peak h e ig h t method. The e l e c t r o n c a p t u r e d e t e c t o r s h o u ld a ls o be used to g u id e th e I s o l a t i o n p ro c e d u re s . H a te r and sedim ent e x t r a c t s can be checked f o r the [pre sence o f PCBs a n d /o r I n t e r f e r e n c e s by i n j e c t i n g p i p o r t i o n s o f th e .e x tr a c ts a t v a r io u s p o in t s 1n th e e x t r a c t i o n and c o n c e n t r a t io n schemes. ?In t h i s manner, 1 t can be d e te rm in e d 1f th e sample needs t o be concen t r a t e d o r d i l u t e d , and 1 f th e c le a n up p ro ce d u re s s h o u ld be em ployed. * SCUSSION tra c tio n rbe e x t r a c t i o n o f PCB's from w a te r em p lo yin g hexane as th e e x t r a c t a n t !i e found t o be q u a n t i t a t i v e and to be s u f f i c i e n t l y s im p le and r a p i d f o r use as a. r o u t i n e p ro c e d u re . The e v a l u a t i o n o f t h i s method was based on s p i k i n g w a te r samples w i t h standard acetone s o l u t i o n s o f PC B's. The s p i k i n g method c o n s i s t e d o f adding the PCB's 1n acetone ( 25-50 p i ) to 500 ml o f ta p w a te r 1n a 32 ox. narrow neck screw cap Ja r . A f t e r th o ro u g h ly m ix in g , d u p lic a te 225-250 ml a l i q u o t s were take n and s u b je c t e d to th e proposed sample p r e p a r a t io n and work up as ou t l l n e d . The r e s u l t s were q u a n t i f i e d by preparing a c & 'llb ra tlo n curve using standard hexane s o lu tio n s o f the PCB's used to s p ik e th e voter sam ple s. The m a jo r Isom er peak h e i g h t was used t o c o n s t r u c t th e c a l I b r a t l o n p l o t . NPC00007609 770248 4 Page 7 The average r e c o v e r y and d e v i a t i o n a chieved s u b s t a n t i a t e d th e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f the method f o r the q u a n t i t a t i v e re c o v e ry and a n a ly s is o f PCB's from w a te r a t the ppb-ppm l e v e l . Ho PCB r e c o v e r y e x p e rim e n ts from s p ik e d sedim e nt and s o i l samples have been pe rfo rm e d . I n s te a d , s e v e ra l o f the r e s id u a l s o l id s r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f some o f th e typ e s o f sedim e nt o r s o i l a n a ly z e d were r e - e x t r a c t e d w i t h h e x a n e / a c e t o n e , ( 4 0 / 6 0 ) 1n a s o x h l e t e x t r a c t o r to t e s t f o r the e f f i c i e n c y o f th e a c e t o n i t r i l e e x t r a c t i o n s t e p . The hexane, a f t e r i s o l a t i o n by d l l u t l o i w l t h d i s t i l l e d w a t e r was th e n c a r rie d thro ugh the p u r i f i c a t i o n s te p s . R ecoveries by s o x h le t e x t r a c t io n have I n d i c a t e d t h a t th e a c e t o n i t r i l e e x t r a c t i o n o f PCB'S was e s s e n tia lly q u a n tita tiv e In the cases checked. Sample C o n c e n t r a tio n C o n c e n tr a tio n o f sample e x t r a c t s 1s n e c e s s a ry , p r i o r to c le a n up by chrom atographlc or chemical means, to reduce sample s ize .a n d increase s e n s i t i v i t y . The p r e f e r r e d method o f c o n c e n t r a t in g a llo w s minimum lo s s through v o l a t i l i z a t i o n o r chem ica l d e c o m p o s itio n and r e q u ir e s a minimum tim e : The t h r e e methods o f s o l v e n t volume r e d u c t i o n most commonly used are e v a p o ra tio n by exposure to a stream o f a i r , e v a p o ra tio n em ploying a Kunderna-Danlsh evaporative co n ce n tra to r equipped w ith a Snyder column, and e v a p o r a tio n under reduced p r e s s u r e . All three techniques; have been used and no significant losses from volatilization or chem ical alternation have been encountered. However, the KundernaDanish evaporative concentrator and the stream of air methods are easier to use. Column A d s o r p t io n Chrom atography and Chemical Clean Up S i l i c a q e l , F l o r l s i l and Alum ina d e a c t i v a t e d w i t h 0 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 5 . 2 . 0 and 5% water have been investigated as adsorbants for the elimination of interferences. Alumina (5%, water)is found to be more effective and r e p r o d u c ib le than e i t h e r s i l i c a gel o r F l o r l s i l . The a c t i v i t y o f alum ina v a r ie s w i t h age and l o t , t h e r e f o r e , 5 t w a te r I s added t o th e alum ina, a f t e r h e a tin g f o r a minimum o f 4 hours a t 400C, to Insure a reproducible a c tiv ity . S a p o n ific a t io n and subsequent e x t r a c t i o n o f the sample w ith s u l f u r i c acid is an e f f e c t i v e way to remove a number o f c h l o r i n a t e d hyd ro ca rb o n . i n t e r f e r e n c e s as w e l l as o t h e r m a t r i x I n t e r f e r e n c e s . PCB's a re not affected. E le c t r o n Capture Gas Chroma'to g r a p h y Columns: Column perform ance 1s the k e y to e f f e c t i v e gas c h r o m a to g r a p h ic a n a ly s i s and as such th e c h o ic e o f column m a t e r i a l s 1s p a r t i c u l a r l y I m p o r t a n t , I d e a l l y , the s u p p o r t employed s h o u ld be I n e r t , m e c h a n ic a l ly s t r o n g , and o f high s u rfa c e a re a . For these re a so n s, Chromosorb U, HP,AVI-DKCS is zecoinmnndt'd for this work. I NPC00007610 770249 4 Page 8 A v a r ie ty o f p o la r and n o n -p o la r liq u id p h ases have been in v e s tig a te d . The fo llo w in g colums are found to p rovide adequate s e p a ra tio n , e t c . f o r u se in PCB a n a l y s i s by e l e c t r o n c a p a tu r e : 4% (W/W) D C -200, S F -9 6 , OV-17, S E -3 0 , S E -5 4 , X E -6 0 , A piezon L, and 6% O F -1. DC-200 and X E -60 or QF-1 are th e most s u ita b le o f th e se liq u id p h ases. A nother im p o rta n t c o n s id e r a tio n when w orking w ith an e x tre m e ly s e n s it iv e .d e te c to r and c o n se q u e n tly low l e v e l s o f m a te r ia ls i s column c o n d itio n in g . W ith p o la r p h a ses such a s XE-60 and Q F-1, o p e r a tin g a new column o v e r n ig h t a t a te m p e ra tu re 2 5 -5 0 C h ig h e r than i s t o be used du ring a n a ly s is r e s u l t s in a more s ta b le column. A n o - f l o w co n d itio n in g tech n iq u e i s employed to c o n d itio n n o n -p o la r colum ns. The column i s purged w ith c a r r i e r gas-, h ea ted f o r 30 m in u tes a t an e le v a te d tem p eratu re w ith o u t c a r r i e r flow and th en co o led to room te m p e ra tu re . At th e end o f t h i s c y c le th e c a r r i e r f l o w i s resumed and th e c o n d itio n in g i s com pleted a s in th e c a s e o f th e p o la r li q u i d p h a s e . Two p r e c a u t io n s : during c o n d itio n in g , th e column should n o t be conn ected t o th e d e t e c t o r and one sh ou ld n o t e x c e e d th e maximum s a f e te m p e ra tu re o f the liq u id phase. S in ce a l l liq u id s u b s tr a te s b le e d t o one d eg ree o r a n o th er and columns e v e n t u a lly d eg rad o , a l l new colum ns a r c h a r a c t e r i z e d w ith two column p erform an ce in d ic a t o r s - th e number o f t h e o r e t i c a l p l a t e s (N) and a t a i l i n g f a c t o r ( T ) . p ,p * -DDT i s employed to ch eck t h e s e p a ra m e te rs b e c a u s e i t i s known t o d eg rad e on "p o o r" colu m n s. I n t h i s manner, one can d e te rm in e i f th e p e rfo rm a n ce o f a new column i s s a t i s f a c t o r y and when th e column p e rfo rm a n ce b e g in s t o f a l l o f f . A column i s co n sid e re d good i f th e number o f t h e o r e t i c a l p la t e s p er fo o t is o f the order o f 400-500 w ith ta ilin g fa c to rs o f 1 .0 - 1 .3 . C a lc u la tio n o f- th e s e p a ra m e te rs i s shown in th e A ppendix. A d d itio n a lly , th e re should be no s ig n ific a n t- e x tr a n e o u s p eaks upon i n je c t i o n o f a pure p .p ' -DDT s ta n d a r d . Other ch rom atog rap h ic c o n d itio n s t h a t can be a d ju ste d a re column tem p eratu re and flow r a t e s . A lthough r e s o lu t io n o f a m ix tu re in cre a se s w ith d ecrea sin g tem perature, a tem perature should be chosen th a t allo w s th e e lu tio n o f a l l components w ith in a con v en ien t tim e p e r io d . The te m p e r a tu r e s g iv e n a r e optinum f o r 42% c h lo r in a t e d b ip h e n y l, te m p e ra tu re s a r e in c r e a s e d when s p e c i f i c a l l y a n a ly z in g f o r th e h ig h e r c h lo r in a t e d b ip h e n y ls , i . e . , 54%,. 60%, e t c . The flow r a t e s shown a r e optimum f o r a g iv e n in stru m e n t column and d e t e c t o r system . These should be a d ju sted i f b e tte r r e s u lt s can be ach iev ed . Two g a s ch ro m a to g ra p h ic sy ste m s have b een used fo r PCB a n a l y s i s P M Model -402 and 57SO. Any system o f in stru m e n t and column s u i t a b l e fo r c h lo r in a t e d p e s t i c i d e s in s a t i s f a c t o r y fo r PCB a n a l y s i s . The use o f the hiqh tem p erature N i ^ e le c tr o n capture, c e l l i s h ig h ly recommended. The a b i l i t y to o p e ra te / NPC00007611 770250 4 Page 9 a t h ig h e r tem peratures prevents maintenance problems due to contam ination from high b o ilin g components. Glass columns should a ls o be employed. D e t e c t io n and Measurement: Q u a n tita tiv e determ inations employing the e le ctro n capture dete cto r are n o n - s t o l c h lo m e t r . lc measurements made by com paring peak h e ig h t s o r areas f o r known c o n c e n t r a t io n s w i t h th o s e f o r unknown c o m p o s itio n s Except f o r sharp peaks, peak area measurements are u s u a ll y more re p ro d u c ib le than peak h e ig h t measurements but are e x tre m e ly time consuming unless a re c o rd in g I n t e g r a t o r Is employed. However, peak h e ig h t measurements are as a c c u r a t e as d i s c i n t e g r a t i o n o f t r l a n g u l a t l o n and i f the peak shape re p re s e n ts a g a u s s la n c u r v e , th e h e ig h t may be c o n s id e re d In d e p e n d e n t o f th e base. C o n s e q u e n t l y p e a k h e ig h t measurements were g e n e ra lly used. Three v a r ia tio n s o f the peak h e ig h t q u a n t i f i c a t i o n procedure were employed. Case Z EC 9 as chrom atogram o f PCB unknown unchanged w i t h r e s p e c t to s ta n d a r d PCB w i t h no e v id e n c e o f i n t e r ferences. Case I I Case 111 EC gas' chromatogram o f PCB unknown a l t e r e d w i t h r e s p e c t to s ta n d a r d PCB w i t h no e v id e n c e o f i n t e r ferences. EC gas chrom atogram o f PCB unknown unchanged w i t h r e s p e c t t o s ta n d a r d PCB w i t h e v id e n c e o f i n t e r f e r e n c e . The amount o f PCB's In Case I samples i s d e te rm in e d by p r e p a r in g a p l o t o f the m a jo r peak h e i g h t v s. c o n c e n t r a t i o n ; f o r Case I I , a p l o t o f th e t o t a l sum o f a l l m a jo r peaks v s . c o n c e n t r a t i o n . W ith Case I I I sam ples, a peak f r e e from I n t e r f e r e n c e i.4 use d . When dominant I n te r f e r e n c e s are p r e s e n t, one or more o f the chem ical c le a n up proce d u re s i s em ployed. In a l l c a s e s , the response o f th e e l e c t r o n c a p tu r e d e t e c t o r must be linear for q u a n ti ta t iv e a na ly s is . C o n ta m in a tio n : In d e t e r m in in g PCB's 1n w a t e r , s o i l and sedim e nt by e l e c t r o n c a p tu r e gas c h ro m a to g ra p h y , l a b o r a t o r y sources o f c o n t a m in a t io n can be a m ajor p ro b le m . The samples and e x t r a c t s s h o u ld n e ve r be a llo w e d to come I n . c o n t a c t w i t h m a t e r i a l s o t h u r than g l a s s , T e f lo n o r m e t a l. L a b o ra to ry g la ssw a re s h o u ld be t h o r o u g h ly washed w i t h h o t , soapy , w a te r, rin s e d w i t h d i s t i l l e d w a te r , a c e to n e , and then hexane. A l l equipment s h o u ld a ls o be r i n s e d a g a in w i t h hexane j u s t p r i o r to use and blanks s h o u ld oe f r e q u e n t l y c a r r i e d th ro u g h a l l steps o f th e procedures to Insure against the p o s s ib ilit y o f contam ination. UPC00007612 4 770251 SENSITIVITY Two parts per b illio n Absolute s e n s itiv ity - 0 .5 x 10"v grans Volume injeoted - 5 /a1 . Final volume o f e x tra c t - 5 oil. Sample size - 250 ml. NPC00007613 i 4 770252 Page 11 COLUMN PERFORM ANCE INDICATORS Calculating Column Efficiency ! T h eo retical P latea, N N 16(*/y)2 NPC00007614 770253 4 Page 12 NPC00007615 A 770254 FIGURE I I AROCLOR 1 2 2 1 B6P 4 0 2 H i - 6 3 EC 1 / 4 "X61 42 XE-60 on 6 0 /1 0 0 C h r o t s o e o r b V UP Col* Tenp. - 170*C I n i # Temp# - 220*C Temp. - 250"C C a r r i e r Gee - He 60 n l / a i n * P u rg e Geo - 101 C K 4/A rgon 120 P u l e e I n t e r v a l - 50 U eec Amt. In je c te d - 5 p i S td , Gone. - 1.46 X 10"6 g /a l Range - 10 Actn. - 4 a il/a ln . r\ 4> P fa -3 0 - 20 /O NPC00007616 4 770255 a Bi- alr ! 1 a a FIGURE III AtOCLOB 1 2 4 2 BAP 4 0 2 H i - 6 3 EC 1 / 4 mZ 6* 4 1 I E - 6 0 o n 6 0 / 1 0 0 C h r o a o a o r b V HP Col* T eep . - 190*C I n j . le a p . - 220*C P e t . T eop. - 250*C C a r r i e r Gas - Be 60 m l/m ln . P u rg e Cos - 10Z CH4/Argon 120 P u la e I n t e r v a l - 50 iiaee A rt. In jected - 5 pi B td . C o n e. - 1 .0 3 Z 10* g / n l Range - 10 Attna - 8 il/e a ln . Page 14 NPC00007617 4 770256 FIGURE IV B**- \;; AROCLOR 1248 at HCP 402 1 / 4 BX6 * N l-6 3 EC 4 XE-60 on 8 0 /1 0 0 Chromosorb W HP a. C o l. Temp. - 190*C , ' I n j . ierop. - 220*C D ot. Temp. - 2 5 0 *C C a r r i e r Gas - He 0 m l/m in . Purge G&s - 1 0 1 CII4/Argon 120 m l/m in . Pulae In te rv a l - 50 yaec ' Amt. I n je c te d - 5 u l a Std. Cone. - 1 .3 1 X 1 0 ~ 6 g/ml Range - 10 A ttn. - 4 3 3. Page 15 NPC00007618 4 770257 FIGURE V AROCLOR 1234 H4F 402 Mi-63 EC 1/4MX6' 42 XE-60 on 80/100 Chrome b o rb 14 BP Col. Temp. - 205*C InJ. Temp. - 220*C D e t. Temp, - 250*C C a r r i e r C s - He 6 0 u il/ u iin Purse Cob - 102 CH4/Argon 120 ol/mln. Pules Interval - 50 psec Amt. I n j e c t e d - 5 pi Bed. Cone. - 1.02 X 10"6 g/ml Range - io Attn. - 6 Page 16 -3o s 7 VI I -- --- 1---- 1----- r -- ~i----- 1----r -- t ----- * /2 // / o f <S . 32 / I O UPC00007619 770258 I. I FIGURE VI I I I AR0C10R 1 2 6 0 H&F 402 H i-6 3 EC 1 /4 " X 6 * 4Z X E -60 on 8 0 /1 0 0 C hroaoeorb W HP C o l, Temp. - 220*C Z n j, Temp. - 220*C O et, le a p . - 250*C C a r r i e r Gao - Ho 60 v l / a l n P urge Gas - 102 CH5/Argon 1 2 0 m l/m ln . Pulse In te r v a l - 50 uaec Amt, In je c t e d - 5 >il f it d . Cone - 0 .9 0 X 1 0 * * g / l Range * 10 Attn - 8 Page 17 * #f I /I 2o 71 T // NPC00007620 * 770259 Page IB I I I ^ PIQRE V II I AHOCLOR 101 6 I H4P 4 0 2 N l-6 3 EC 1 / 4 "X6 1 X E -6 0 on 3 0 /1 0 0 I Chromsaorb W HP C o l. Temp. - 2 0 0 C In J,, Temp. - 220C I D et* Temp. - 2 5 0 iC C a r r i e r flat - He 6 0 m l/m iri. Purge Qae - 1 0 # CHa/Argon 1 2 0 m l/o ln . I Pulee In terv al - 50 usee Amt. In je cte d - 5 u l S td . Cone. - 1 u g /a l. I 9 Range *10 A ttn . - 8 ; II < I 0 9 t S S 4 f. * $ *9 N PC 00007621 770260 4 * 4t. D/il T Westinghouse Electric Corporation Power Systems Bot341 Btantglm Hiro 47401 (612)3324421 October 22, 1976 Mr. J. J. Kark NEMA 155 East 44th Street New York, N.Y. 10017 Subject: Negative Ballot, Revised Document, ANSI C107.1 (197_) Dear Sir: There is a clear need to distinguish between "goals" and "requirements" particularly with respect to Sections 3.4, 3.4.1, 3.4.1.2, 3.4.1.4 and 4.1.5, 4.1.5.1, 4.1.5.3, 4.1.6.2.2. Wording of the proposed standard (and In existing Cl07-1 1964) Is accept able as an expression of goals. However, some environmentalists and others have been inclined to read Into this wording a present, mandatory requirement of zero molecules of PCB loss 1n water effluents. This seems unrealistic in view of the present general status of manufacturing operations, and Inconsistent with the present general state of the environment (where statements are appearing that evidence of PCB's is found virtually everywhere). It also seems inconsistent with the probable tolerated levels to be established by the various governing organizations, and Inconsistent with environmental need as reflected in the permissible disposal of apparatus, such as ballast capacitors, and the handling of losses by spills. At the least, wording should be modified to specify present wording to be a goal, and losses in water effluent not to exceed those set by the governing regulatory agency. In particular, specific changes should be made, as follows: Clause 3.4.1, last sentence - add parenthetical phrase, "... no askarel wastes of any kind to be disposed of (in bulk) in any water effluent streams...", and add sentence, "Escape of small trace quantities of askarels shall be limited to that'established by the appropriate governmental regulatory agency." Clause 3.4.1.4: The "Ideal approach" is described. It should' 4>e stated that ideal solutions to problems are extremely difficult - if not Impossible - to achieve, and therefore a minimum acceptable solution to minimization of effluent stream contamination Is therefore given. The following additional sentence is proposed: "As a minimum, effluent streams should have contaminated particulate matter . >7 UPC00007622 770261 separated for disposal, and concentrations of soluble asteareis controlled by dilution or other means to levels consistent with limits established by the appropriate governmental regulatory agency." In other respects, 1 favor approval of the revised document, Cl07.1 (197_J. Sincerely, Robert D. McClain NEMA Delegate to ANSI C-107 Jg cc: Mr. C. R. Hlllmore NEMA 2101 L Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 NPC00007623 770262 4 BLOOMINGTON WORKS Hr, 0. Englneer1ng Manager Engineering Department Hey 23, 1972 PCB Situation, Brief 1. EPA Is moving to control PCB In plant effluents (5-14-72), based on 181 naoe report from a Federal task force (EPA, FDA, Department of Agriculture, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Whitchouse Council on Environmental Quality, Office of Science and Technology, and HEW). Methods of control and dead lines are not yet established. 2 / ANSI C-107 working group meets In Chicago this week (Thursday, Hay 25) and present draft will probably be recommended to main convnlttee. 3. Monsanto meeting here (on their new fluid) cancelled (because of illness of Dr. Hunch). 4. Hr. McDonough plans a visit to Monsanto 1n St. Louis next week. (Contacts to DAD 1n establishing agenda have been through Purchasing, so far.) 5. Fluid #982: (a) Disclosure and patent application should be com pleted as soon as possible: (b) Life-test equloment at Hl-Potronlcs passed heat run and should be returned and reinstalled as soon as possible; (c) Additional units must be built and tested In the lab; (d) Field trial Installations should be selected and put Into operation, by September, If possible: (e) Environmental /hygienic studies should be conpleted by RAD. 6. Timing remains the most critical, aspect of PCB control: DAD will be In a very critical position 1f EPA lifts the ANSI C-10F document (draft) and makes 1t their basis for regulation of the Industry* effective In 90 days (or even 180 days); I do not think Bloomington will be ready. A Planning Board review, establishment of a task force, and aoreement on a detailed time table shoultd be considered for the first week of June. R0McC:kb R. D. Capac Manager Engineering ^00000162* S' 770263 Instructions For Surge Protection Capacitors Surge protection capacitors are designed to protect rotating machines and other equipment against surges by reducing the rate of rise of surge voltage when connected from line to ground at the machine terminals. These capacitors are sealed and require no additional protection from the weather under ordinary service conditions.**- RECEIVING When unpacked, carefully Inspect the unit for damage and check the nameplate to be sure that the desired rating has been received. File a claim Irnnediately with the carrier for any damage sustained 1n transit and obtain a carrier Inspection report. INSTALLATION The maximum continuous operating voltage Is 110X of the nameplate rating. WHEN INSTALLING CAPACITORS, CHECK THE NAMEPLATE OF EACH UNIT TO SEE THAT IT HAS THE PROPER RATING FOR THE CIRCUIT. The parallel groove'connectors will acconnodate any cont>1nat1on;of two conductors from #12 solid to #1 stranded wire. Terminals should be tightened firmly, but avoid excessive force. TORQUES OF MORE THAN 20 FOOT POUNDS ARE NOT NECESSARY OR RECOWENDED. rr* 'Y & /S r & tb i MAINTENANCE The capacitor should be Inspected periodically after being placed in operation to be sure that it continues to operate properly. A slight bulge 1s common and NPC00007625 770264 should not be mistaken for a failure. Failed units are not always visibly detectable. Heat loss 1n the capacitor 1s dissipated by both convection and radiation. Therefore, under normal operation the capacitor will be warm. If a capacitor unit develops a minor leak (no more than a few drops) contact the nearest Westlnghouse Office regarding the possibility of repair. CAUTION ALLOW FIVE MINUTES AFTER DISCONNECTING TO PERMIT THE CAPACITOR TO DRAIN THROUGH THE INTERNAL DISCHARGE RESISTOR. THEN' FOR SAFETY, SHORT CIRCUIT THE TERMINALS BEFORE HANDLING. DISPOSAL THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB). TO AVOID POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, IT SHOULD BE DISPOSED OF ONLY IN SUPERVISED DRY LANDFILL AREAS MEETING STATE REQUIREMENTS OR IN INCINERATION FACILITIES DESIGNED FOR DISPOSAL OF PCB'S. SEE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE GUIDELINE NO. C107.1-1974 (OR LATEST REVISION) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, 1430 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 1001B. TRANSPORTATION TO THE DISPOSAL FACILITIES SHOULD BE IN CONTAINERS THAT WILL PREVENT LEAKAGE AND ACCIDENTAL LOSS OF ASKAREL TO THE ENVIRONMENT. CONTAINERS SHOULD BE LABELED AS TO THE CONTENTS AND PRECAUTIONS RELATIVE TO LOSS fO THE ENVIRONMENT. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Distribution Apparatus Division Bloomington, Indiana 47401 N PC 00007626 770265 MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS COMPANY WELCOMES MR. M. J. MC DONOUGH WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION St. Louis, Mo. June 1, 1972 I4 NPC00007627 770266 1 '( INDEX BACKGROUND DISCUSSION PAPERS SECTION PAGE I MICC SUMMARY POSITION ON DIELECTRIC AROCLORS 1 II WESTINGHOUSE PURCHASES OF CAPACITOR AND TRANSFORMER INERTEENS 1968-1972 (Est.) 2 III MONSANTO DIELECTRIC FLUIDS - Pricing Capacitor Aroclor to Westinghouse 1953-1972 3 - Pricing Transformer Inerteen to Westinghouse 1968-1972. 4 - Pricing Characteristics and Cost Increases { IV MONSANTO PRESENTATION TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PCB TASK FORCE 5 6 V - SUMMARY GOVERNMENT PCB TASK FORCE REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION 1 VI MONSANTO RESEARCH PROGRAM - PCB REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS. ~ 22 COOPERATIVE PROGRAM WITH WESTINGHOUSE L 4 flpC O O O O TfcB 770267 1 ri:& . jjpCO0007 629 770268 1. MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS COMPANY SUMMARY POSITION ON DIELECTRIC AROCLORS A) In view of the PCB ecological situation: 1) Monsanto decided to remain in the dielectric Aroclor business because of the electrical industry's need for these products based on their unique performance characteristics, and because industry supported Monsanto with special agreements of indemnification. 2) Monsanto has voluntarily phased out of many PCB markets and will sell only to approved cielectric customers. This'decision was supported recently b y the U.S. Government PCB Task Force. 3) Monsanto with industry cooperation developed a more environmentally acceptable capacitor fluid-- Aroclor 1016. 41 Monsanto cnptp for diplPct^C Aroclor*? h*,f* increased because of: - L o st s a le s volum e/low er production d iv iso r - Pollution clean-up costs - Research & development expenses on new products - Toxicity, biodegradation test work- Plant investments 5) Monsanto has had (since .1969) a research and development program to find "PCB" substitutes in the dielectric area: - To date some promising leads - A capacitor experimental sample - Transformer Fluid - no candidates as yet - At least 2-3 years away from commercialization 6) On balance, the ecological risks have been substantially reduced by Monsanto and customer actions. B) Monsanto has long valued our relationship with Westinghouse and we desire to work closely with you at allj Management. NPC00007630 770269 NPCO 0 0 0 7 6 3 1 4 770270 NPC00007632 WESTHKJH'XJSE PURCHASES OF CAPACITOR AMD TRANSFORMER INEBTEENS LOCATIONS Bloom ington, Ind. `3 T otal C apacitor Inerteen POUNDS 1968 .3 6 1 0 . 0 0 0 3 .8 3 9 .0 0 0 1 1 9 6 9 ___ ,2 7 2 4 , 0 0 0 2 ,724,000 1970 1971 2*557,980 1 ,0 3 2 ,6 0 0 y 2,566,3802 1,051,6502 2,100,0002 N otes: 1 i Includes sm all s a le s to Vicksburg Includes sm all sa le s to Cleveland A n n u allized , from f i r s t fo u r months Sharon, Fa. So. B oston , Va. Phoenix, A riz* S e rv ice Shops T otal Transform er ,5 8 7 3 , 0 0 0 -- -- 1,0 0 3 ,0 0 0 6 ,8 7 6 ,0 0 0 ,2 5 9 6 , 0 0 0 ,2 0 5 1 . 0 0 0 2 3 7 ,0 0 0 7 4 0 .3 0 0 5 ,6 24,300 2 ,2 4 4 ,5 2 0 3 ,469,120 3 2 3 ,9 0 0 1 ,3 99,866 7 ,437,406 1,2 1 3 ,0 0 0 4 ,083,000 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 2 8 5 ,0 0 0 ,5 8 0 6 , 0 0 0 2 7 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,9 2 7 ,0 0 0 2 7 0 ,0 0 0 3 9 3 ,0 0 0 4 ,8 6 0 ,0 0 0 T o ta l W estlnghouse ,1 0 7 1 5 , 0 0 0 8 , 3 4 8 , 3 0 0 1 0 , 0 0 3 , 7 8 6 ,6 8 5 7 , 6 5 0 6 ,9 6 0 ,0 0 0 \$7 to NPC00007633 770272 Historical Price of Capacitor Arcelor Sold To Westinghouse Year 1953 1957 I960, 1964 19 6 6 1970 1971 1972 Price Per Pound (Bulk) 14.0^ Not Delivered 13.88^ Delivered 14.98^ Delivered l4.50f Delivered 14.95^ DeliveredlS.OOj* Delivered 18.00^ Delivered 20.50^ Not Delivered Product Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 10l6 Aroclor iuio * NPC00007634 4 770273 4. Historical Price of Transformer Inerteen Sold To Westinghouse isctrie Company Year June 1958 Jan l, 1971 April 1, 1972 Price Per Pound (Bulk) 13,45^ Not delivered 16.30^ Not delivered 19.50^ Not delivered Product Inerteen 54201CM (100# Aroclor 1242) ti Year July l, 1970 Jan 1, 1971 A p ril 1, y {d Price Per Pound (Bulk)______ 14,70^ Not delivered 16,70^ Not delivered Not delivered Product Inerteen 54201 KA* (70# Aroclor 1254 + 30# TCB) " " NPC00007635 770274 4 MONSAKTO DIELECTRIC FLUIDS Pricing Characteristics Unusual price stability until 1970 even though -- Cost Increases Labor Costs: Raw Materials: Indirect Fixed Costs: 197# Increase 20# Increase 41# Increase (1953-1972) (1953-1972) (1953-1972) (e,g. Capacitor Fluids increased by only 7#j 1953-1969) Increase 1970 - 1973 due to: A. Successful Development of Aroclor 1016 B. Loss of 45# PCB Sales to other markets C* Costs of Environmental Control Programs Divisor loss Plant Clean-up HPC00007636 77Q275 NPC00007637 770276 i MONSANTO PRESENTATION TO FEEERAL GOVERNMENT PCB TASK FORCE MAY 15, 1972 OBJECTIVES O PROGRESS REPORT ON UfflORATORY BIODEGRADATION OF PCB'S O RESIDUE ACCUMULATION STUDIES IN FISH, BIRDS AND- MAMMALS O TO SHOW REDUCTION III LESS BIODEGRADABLE PCB'S AS A RESULT OF MONSANTO ACTIONS ON SALES AND PRODUCTS NPC00007638 o *0 (0Q . fft U 01 otIo I MONSANTO PCB ACTIONS o PHASE-OUT OF PCB SALES WORLDWIDE IN ALL APPLICATIONS EXCEPT DIELECTRICS O CONVERSION OF DIELECTRIC FLUIDS TO MORE BIODEGRADABLE PCB'S NPC00007639 co rCoNI- MONSANTO PCB SALES IN U.S.A. (MILLICH POUNDS) DIELECTRICS ALL OTHERS TOTAL 1969 37.0 30.0 67.0 1970 90.5 33.5 79.0 1972 (e s t .) 32.0 32.0 UPC00007640 Noe. I 770280 EFFECT OF PHASE-OUT POLICY PCB SALES REDUCED IN U.S.A. BY 30 TO 33 MILLION POUNDS. OR A5? V VO ro ooo CJ 55 l UPC00007642 y PCB PRODUCT CHANGES IN DIELECTRICS CAPACITORS 97% CONVERSION TO AROCLOR 1016 TRANSFORMERS ELIMINATION OF AROCLOR 1260 DEGREE OF BIODEGRADATION OF PCB'S BASED ON DATA PRESENTED o TRANSITION IN BIODEGRADATION OCCURS AROUND PENTA-/H-XA-CHLOROBIPHENYL O DISAPPEARANCE OF ALL HOMQLOGS BELOW HEXA-CHLOROBIPHENYL OBSERVED O PENTA- AND HIGHER PCB DETERMINED BY SPECIFIC 6LC/P1S TEST ICTHOD 770282 m VO rooo- U Sz i PCB'S USED IN PCB AROCLOR 1254 AROCLOR 1242 AROCLOR 1016 MAJOR USE PERIOD 1930-1952 1952-SEPT. 1971 OCT. 1971 770283 CAPACITORS Z PCB (PENTACHLORO- AND _ HIGHER 77.0 9.0 Z PCB (HEXACI1LORO- AND HI Gi HE R 29.0 1.0 1 .1 0 .1 r* o ooo o g l J 4 CAPACITOR FLUIDS WHY CONVERT TO AROCLOR 1016 ? O 9-FOLD REDUCTION IN FOB'S GF PENTACHLORO- AND HIGHER 10-FOLD REDUCTION IN PCB'S OF HEXACHLORO- AND HIGHER O MINIMUM INDUSTRY TESTING REQUIRED H PC 00001645 3 CM CAPACITOR FLUIDS WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AROCLOR 1016 ? U.S. CAPACITOR FLUID SAlS (1972).---20 M LBS. IF AROCLOR WAS % PENTACHLOROAND HIGHER PCBs WOULD BE* l HEXA CHL0R0AN6 HIGHER PCBs WOULD BE* 125*1 15,400*000 pounds 5,800,000 pounds 12*12 1.800,000 200,000 1016 220,000 20,000 THIS DOES NOT MEAN AMOUNTS OF PCB ENTERING THE ENVIRONMENT NPC00007646 m Op oCM it i WHAT IS CAPACITOR FAILURE RATE ? INDUSTRY SOURCES CITE : 0.02-0.2Z per year 770286 pID r* o o o a Q* ss B 1 $ t NPC00007648 IF CAPACITOR FAILURE RATE IS 0.2% PER YEAR (WORST CASE) PCB ESCAPE TO THE ENVIRONMENT* ALL PCB HOMOLOGS PENTA CHL0R0- AND HIGHER HEXA CHL0R0- AND HIGHER AROCLOR 1242 <10,000 pou n d s 3,600 400 AROCLOR 1016 4O,OQ0 p o u n d s 440 40 ASSUMES U.S. FLUID SAlfS OF 20 M LB./YEAR "i PCB CHANGES IN TRANSFORMER FLUID APPLICATIONS O AROCLOR 1260 BEING PHASED-OUT NOW O INCINERATION OF SCRAP PCB'S - 1971 NOTE; ASKAREL (PCB) TRANSFORMERS ARE TIGHTLY SEALED UNITS N PC00007649 GO 00 KS. WHAT IS FAILURE RATE ?IN LIQUID TRANSFORMERS INDUSTRY SOURCES CITE: UNDER 0.22 PER YEAR* ALL LIQUID TYPES - MINERAL OIL AND PCB. I NPC00007650 05 I NPC00007651 / IF ASKAREL (PCB) TRANSFORMERS FAIL AT 0.2% /YEAR HOW MUCH PCB IS AFFECTED 1 ALL PCB HOMOLOGS 24.000 us. (ESTIMATED PCB TRANSFORMER FLUID SALES IN U.S. 12 M LBS./YEAR) ; : WITH INCINERATION FACILITIES AVAILABLE. NOT ALL THESE AMOUNTS i WILL ENTER ENVIRONMENT. i. :i! t..S1! $ ? l MONSANTO'S PRESENT PROGRAM TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY PCB'S o NO TORE SALES WORLD-WIDE EXCEPT APPROVED DIELECTRIC USERS ------ O RESTRICT OVER 97% CAPACITOR FLUID SALES TO AROCLOR 1016 ONLY I o ELIMINATE AROCLOR 1260 FROM TRANSFORMER FLUIDS O CONTINUE INCINERATION FACILITIES FOR SCRAP PCB'S o ENCOURAGE DIELECTRIC INDUSTRY THROUGH ANSI C-107 TO ENFORCE STRICT ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OVER PCB'Sl Il ,1 6 * * a> s O TC 00007653 770292 INSTRUCTIONBOOK NT1001 FOR . PARTI NETWORKTRANSFORMERS + Westinghouse Electric Corporation Small Power Transformer Division SouthBoston, Virginia 4 NPC0007654 770293 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS f Section! T ransform er............................... I n t r o d u c t i o n ........................................... R e o e iT in f................................................ Handling ................................................. Sto n g e................................................. Instillation........................................... Accessories.............................................. M aintenance........................................... Periodic In s p e c tio n ....................... .. Sampling o f Insulating Liquid . . . . Disposal o f In etteen .......................... Drying o f T ransform er..................... Vacuum Filling o f T ransform er.. . . G ask ets.............................................. F in is h ................................................ Additional Maintenance instructions Section!! Network Switch Introduction............. '................ D e sc rip tio n ............................ I n s ta ll a ti o n ................................. Terminal C ham ber............... Cable Connections................ Insulating Compound or O il. Switch Accessories.................. . M aintenance............................... Switch Maintenance Schedule Quick-Break Mechanism Electrical Interlock................ Bushing Replacem ent.......... G a sk e ts................................. Liquid Dielectric Tests . . . . Cable Insulation T e s t ............ Section III Renewal Parts Page 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 11 II 11 12 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 14 15 IS 15 15 15 U PC 00007655 770294 4 3 INTRODUCTION SECTION I TRANSFORMER HANDLING These fmUuctions c o m the installation, accessaries and maintenance of Network Transformers. The Network Transformer b shipped Ailed with Insulating liquid and as completely assembled as possible. Additional Instructions Copies o f instruction leaflets referred to but not included in this booklet can be obtained by contacting your West* Inghouse Sales Office........... Transformers must be handled in the normal upright posi tion unless instructions have been received to the con trary. Lifting hooks or eyes are provided for crane lifting. When the transformer is lifted, all hooks or eyes must be used. Guides for lifting are contained in the following table. Chain No. of Chan Chain Sling Capacity <n.*; Sb* Chaim Capacity Without With (In.) Req'd. (.>* Spreader Bar Spreader Bar RECEIVING 1/4 4 3/8 4 3,250 6.600 8.400 17,100 11.200 22.800 1/2 4 I I . 250 30,000 All transformers are carefuDy tested at the factory and are 5/8 4 16.500 43,500 40.000 58.000 in good condition when shipment is made. However, upon 1 3/4 4 23.000 60,000 80.000 receipt inspect the transformer, packages and parts f o r 1 7/8 4 28,750 75.000 100.000 possible shipping damage. Also, check (he bill o f lading for possible shortages. If the inspection indicates a short c age, damage or evidence o f hidden damage, it must be j reported to the carrier's representative and to a Westing- house representative before unloading the transformer. CHECK LIST External Inspection of Transformer Blocking and Tie Rods 1. Are all tie rods or chains undamaged and nuts tight? 2. Is all blocking tight and in good condition? 3. Is there any evidence of load shifting in transit? Transformer Tank and Fittings "Lifting capacity b the smaller of: 1. Spreader bar capacity. 2. Chain sting capacity. **ASTM Specifications Tor alloy-steel chains. **60 Angle b smallest angle recommended with or without spreader bar. 4. Are there indications of external damage? 5. Is the paint finish damaged? Similarly, jacking .areas are provided for lifting the transformer with jacks. All such areas must be used when the transformer is to be jacked. 6. Are all fittings which were shipped attached still in place and undamaged? Check the outline drawing Tor any required special equipment or procedures to be used in lifting. V 7. Is there any evidence of liquid leakage? Never attempt to lift the transformer by using cranes or jacks on any part of the transformer other than the lifting hooks or jacking areas provided for this purpose. H PC 00007656 770295 4 When the tnnifom w r b supplied with removable tertplnal chsmbera or Network protectors, these may be de* lacked to facilitate lowering the tank into a vault. STORAGE It n advisable to tore the transformer, completely assem bled. at Its permanent location. In any case, the trans former should be placed on a level, solid foundation. The box containing accessory parts should be stored indoors In a dry location. When stored for long periods. It b recommended that the space above the oil be pressurized with dry air or nitrogen to two or three psig. Then periodic inspections as Ibted in Section I Maintenance should be made. Before placing the transformer into service, all checks and inspections listed under "Instillation" should be mide. INSTALLATION Location The Netwoik Transformer should be placed on a founda tion which need only be strong enough to support its weight safely. Ventilation Self-cooled Network Transformers depend entirely upon the surrounding air to carry away their heat. For*this reason care must be taken to provide udcquate ventilating facilities. Natural ventilation is the basic ventilation system used for Network Transformer vaults and is the most depend able. The amount o f heat dissipated through the vault walls and the necessary grate openings to remove the. heat loss can be calculated by various methods. However, a simplified method for an approximate determination of net grating area is generally accepted. Tire National Elec tric Code 197S recommends three square inches of net grating opening for bath the air inlet-and outlet for each KVA of transformer capacity. The grating is located in (he vault roof; Connections WARNING: DO NOT CHANGE CONNECTIONS ON A TRANSFORMER T H A t IS UNDER EXCITATION, NOR MAKE ANY CONNECTIONS EXCEPT AS AUTHOR* IZED BY THE NAMEPLATE OR CONNECTION DIA GRAM. lin e connections must be made without placing undue stress on the bushings. Check tap changer mechanism (See T ip Changer lo cated In the Accessory section of the booklet) to make sure that tire tap chinger connection is proper for tire required voltap. Changes In tap connections must be done O NLY with the transformer DEENERGIZED. The transformer is normally shipped with the tap changer set for the rated v a ltip . A secure, effective low resistance ground Is essential for protection. The transformer must be grounded perma nently by connecting a heavy ground cable to tire ground pad located at the bottom o f the tank. WARNING: A POOR GROUND MAY RESULTIN LOSS OF LIFE OR DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. When a transformer is specially designed for use on system having a solidly-grounded neutral, be sure that the neutral lead Is permanently and solidly-grounded without resistance - refer to the nameplate. Piessule Test To chick the integrity o f the unit, introduce dry nitrogen or air through the pressure test fitting until a positive intemal pressure ts established. Allow the tank to stand for a period of one lo two hours, then examine the tank and fittings for leaks, A teak above the liquid level can be located by applying a leak check solution to all Joints, pipe ntlings and cable connections. Upon completion o f the pressure lest, the Intemal pres sure must be relieved from the lank. Insulating Liquid Test Test liquid as described in Maintenance Section I o f this booklet. The dielectric strength should be 26 KV or higher. Final Inspection Before energizing the transformer, these final checks should be made. Electrical inspections should show that: 1. The electrical connections have been properly made (phasing, etc.). 2. The tip changer is positioned correctly. M NPC00007657 770296 4 5 f 3. AH accessory contacts ire operational. contact ratings are given in Table 1. Refer to the wiring diagram or outline drawing for the connection schematic. 4. All connections arc tight and secure. Table No. I 5. No grounding o f the windings exists. A 1000-volt Megger test and a power factor reading should be made. Non-lnduetive inductive Load Voltage Laad*Amp> Amps.* 6. The correct transformer ratio exists. 12S AC to 10 7. There is continuity in all windings. 250 AC 5 5 8. The neutral and po u n d connections have been made properly. 125 DC 250 DC 0.5 0.25 0.05 0.025 An external inspection b recommended to determine L /R equal to or less than .026". that: L * Inductive in henrys. R Refinance in ohms. 1. Faint scratches have been refinished. For Indicators installed at the factory, the tank b filled 2. Bushings arc clean. to the level which corresponds to a liquid temperature of 25C which b considered the norma) level Should the 3. The liquid level Is proper. tank be filled at some temperature other than 25C, use i Table No. 2 to determine the variation above or below the 4. The accessories are working correctly. normal level. If these allowances are not made, excessive , t pressure may be built up in sealed tanks. ( 5. All tools or other objects have been removed from Ute transformer. 4 Table No. *2 6. All handhole cowers are tightly secured. 7. The mechanical relief device, when present. Is reset. Average Liquid Temp. <C) Correct FHUng Level (Percent of Scale Above or Below 25C l a i d ) 8. The transformer holds pressure. Internal inspections are normally not required. How* . ever, should one be made, the following items should be checked: 1. Evidence o f moisture. 2. All bolting to assure that they are tight. 3. The tap changer linkage for operation. 4. Damage due to shifting. 85 (High) 70 55 40 25 (Normal) 10 -5 20 (Low) 100 75 50 25 0 -33 -67 -100 11 If any part oi the Instrument Is damagsd, the bezel may be replaced without disturbing the rest of the Instru ment and without loss of liquid. Liquid Temperature Indicators a c c esso ries The temperature indicator is usually located on the HV Magnetic Type Uquid Level Indicators end of the un k . It may be furnished wilh or without alarm contacts. In either case the indicator is submersible. The liquid level indicators are self-contained, submersible, The temperature element is mounted In a leak-proof well, % float-operated.and welded to the transformer and switch permitting removal of (he thermometer without lowering cases. Wlten specified, alarm contacts are supplied. The (lie liquid level. NPC00007658 770297 6 The device is furnished with a red pointer which shows thqhighest temperature attained since last reset. The red pointer may be reset by wiping the magnet, attached to the thermometer case, across the face of the dial. The micro-switch In the indicator with alarm connec tions is factory set to operate at 90C. The switch is adjustable over a range of 65C to 100C. The switch opens at 7 l/2C - 2 1/2C tess than the closing tempera ture. The ratings for this switch are given in Table No. 1. Refer to the wiring diagram or outline drawing for the connection schematic. Pressure Relief Device Inerteen*filled Network Transformers are normally pro vided with a mechanical pressure relief device. The device is located on the cover o f the transformer. Should the pressure rise above the setting, a diaphragm will lift allow ing (he pressure to relieve. After the pressure returns to normal, the diaphragm will reset and resea] the trans former. If contacts are provided, refer to Table 1 for the con tact ratings and see wiring diagram or outline drawing for connection schematic. Tap Changer The tap changer in a Network Transformer is designed for DEENERGIZED OPERATION O NLY. The tip changer operating mechanism is located inside the transformer tank and is accessible through a two-inch pipe plug open ing in the cover. See Figure 1. The mechanism is operated by a special wrench. After removing the pipe plug, the special wrench is inserted with its flat side adjacent to the position indi cator. The wrench is then turned one complete revolution for each tap position change until the desired position is reached. Fig. I Outline o f Type WSS Tap Changer w ith Operating fycham sm s M ounted U -dcr Pipe Pktg on Cover, (lo o kin g Down, Internal Position indicator b on Attrition One) Low Voltage Bushings The LV bushing is a rolled flange, welded-in. Type RFW bushing. A cross-section of this bushing is shown hwFig ure 2. ' Should 'maintenance be required due to damage, refer to I.L. 47-061-2. " Instruction for Inert-Arc Welded Bushing, Type RFW" . which can be obtained through the nearest Westinghouse Sales Office. WARNING: TAP CHANGER HAS STOPS AT THE MIN IMUM AND MAXIMUM TAP CHANGER POSITIONS AS INDICATED ON THE NAMEPLATE. DO NOT FORCE TAP CHANGER AT THESE POSITIONS. After removing the wrench, a tiiread sealant, such as liquid Teflon, should be applied to the pipe plug threads and the plug should be securely lightened. DO NOT OPERATE TAP CHANCER WHILE TRANS FORMER IS ENERGIZED. UPC00007659 770298 4 7 m a in t e n a n c e Periodic Inspection mended that a Ifrounce amber glass container be used as a sampling receptacle so that any water present may readily be seen. Periodic inspections are essential to insure tin t the Net work Transformer gives trouble-free service. The following inspections should be done on a regular basis. I. Liquid Dielectric Test. It is recommended that a liquid sample be taken periodically and tested. The dielectric strength o f new liquid should not drop below 26 KV as determined by the American Society of Testing Materials techniques. If the dlalectrie drops below 22 KV, the liquid should be filtered. Sampling and testing procedures can be found in I.B. 45*063.100 and LB. 45-063-99. When sampling INERTEEtV the sample must come from the top liquid level. Use only tin containers with screwed metal caps or glass bottles with Inerteen-resistint stoppers. Always use all-metal hose or pipe when handling Incrteen. Caution: Inerleen is a skin irritant. Unnecessary contact with the liquid or its vapor, particularly when hot. should be avoided. The eyes, nose and lips are affected when lnerteen comes in contact with (hem. AD s f e ty precau tions must be'observed when handling lnerteen. 2. Check all gauges. The liquid, depending on the temper ature, should be at the proper level, .Low liquid level can Additional Information affect the transformer's ability to cool itself and can ex pose "live" parts causing flashover to ground or other .. Additional information concerning handling, sampling, fl]. "live" pans. ; tering, testing and reconditioning can be obtained by or- J dering Instruction Buok 45-063-100 for OIL and Instruc The maximum temperature Indicator should be tion Book 454)63-99 for TNERTEEN through the nearest checked to see that the liquid temperature Is operating * Westinghouse Sales Office. within normal limits. 3. Check the tank for leaks. Inspect and tighten all bolted joints. 4. The paint finish should be: checked periodically. See " Finish." 5. Switch Operation. See Switch section. Sampling of Insulating Liquid Care should be taken to procure a sample which fairly represents the liquid in the tank. A sufficient amount of liquid should therefore be drawn off before the sample is taken to insure that the simple will not be that which Is stored In the sampling pipe. If the sample taken contains free water, it is not suitable fur dielectric lest and tite sample should be discarded. A second sample should then be taken after a t least two quarts of liquid hive been withdrawn. If free water still exists, the liquid should be run through a blotter filter press and re-tested for di electric strength. Disponi of lnerteen Sec American National Standards Institute Guidelines C107.1-1974 for complete Information on handling and disposal of Askarels. Copies are available* from: ANSI. 1430 Broadway. New York, N.Y. 10018. 1 Collect all scrap lnerteen liquid In a suitable metal container which can be satisfactorily sealed. Once the lnerteen Is collected, it may be returned in sealed drums or tank care to Monsanto or other certified disposal company. Ship prepaid to: Monsanto Company W. G. Knirninrich Plant Sauget, Illinois Attn: Supervisor Dept., 246 Nuclear Engineering Co. Disposal Division Sheffield, Illinois Chem-Trol Pollution Serv., Inc. Rollins-Purle, Inc. 4818 Lake Avenue Box 3349 Blasdetl. N.Y. 14219 Wilmington. Del. 19899 The sample of the liquid should be taken when the unit is warmer than the surroundings to avoid condensation and should also be taken only on clear days. When sampling O il, from the transformer, the sample must come from the bottom of the tank. It is recom- A charge will be made for all returned lnerteen. Solvent rinses or other liquids contaminated with Inerteen should also be collected In sealed drums nr link cars and sent either to Monsanto or other certified dis posal company. NPC00007660 770299 4 B All solid materials contu n billed with Inerteen must be staled in impervious containers until disposal. This in cludes a ll glass, metals, papers, insulation, clay rags, niter cartridges, etc. These materials may be incinerated If suitable arrange* ments can be made for it to be done i t a temperature sufficient to breakdown the Inerteen. Or they may be purged by cleaning with a proper fluid and the resultant Quid then may be incinerated tiring an approved proce dure and temperature. Caution: Do not use a steel pipe because of the danger of a spark igniting the gasoline or petroleum distillate vapor. Next, heat the drum with bunghole down in a venti lated oven at a temperature o f at le n t 88C. (190F) for sixteen hours. (A simple oven for this purpose may be made from sheet metal and heated with steam or an elec tric heater.) Blow out the drum with dry nitrogen or dry air to remove any lingering explosive vapors. Screw the bung on tightly before removing the drum from the oven. Use a new washer with the bung to insure a tight seal. The following disposition is recommended for various ' materials. Material Disposition Absorbing clay, filter paper, cartridges, sawdust and rags incinerate Coils Solvent Clean ot Incinerate Cores Solvent Clean Tanks A Frames Solvent Clean Copper or Aluminum Solvent Clean Insulation Incinerate Incineration Incineration, whether o f liquids or contaminated solid ma terials. must be done at a temperature of at least 2250F and the stack must be equipped with a suitable scrubber to remove HC1. Cleaning The cleaning o f drums which have contained used Ineneen requires great care in order to tnsure a thoroughly dcandnim . It is preferable to return such drums to the supplier where adequate cleaning facilities ate available, rather than to attempt to clean them. If U is necessary to clean such drums, the following procedure is recommended: Rinse the drum thoroughly with gasoline or petroleum distillate, using about one'gaQon each time, until the sol vent shows no discoloration after using. Allow it to drain, ihen pump out the las? daces of solvent with a vacuum pump, using a brass pipe flattened at the lower end lu explore the corners of the dram. Collect all solvent rinse material for disposition as described above. Caution: Open flames must always be kept away from the oven to prevent igniting inflammable gases' which might be remaining fn thrum when placed hi the oven. The practice of re filling drums with Inerteen is undesir able and should be avoided whenever possible, for unless the utmost precautions are taken, the inerteen ts likely to become contaminated. Diylngpf Transformer Occasionally, moisture will be absorbed in tire windings and insulation which the fijtcroig process will n o t remove. A recommended method of drying the windings ind insu lation |f by circulating current through the windings. The. LV winding should be short-drculted and sufficient volt age impressed acto n the high voltage winding to circulate enough current through the coda to maintain the c o l tem perature at 80C to 90C as measured by winding resist ance. About one-fifth of normal full-rated current b gen erally sufficient to do this. The impressed voltage' neoesury to circulate th b current varies within wide limits among different transformers, This voltage will generally be approximately 1/2 percent to 1-1/2 percent of the normal voltage o f the winding a t normal frequency. The transformer should be placed in its caie with the liquid and with the handhole cover removed to allow free circulation of the air in the g*i space. Fur complete information on determination of dryness and additional methods o f drying out. order I.L. 48-620-1 through the nearest Westtnghouse Sales Office. Vacuum Filling of Transformer In order to obtain the vacuum levels specified ond to maintain these levels during liquid Riling, a good vacuum pump of adequate capacity will be needed. A IDO CFM pump will be adequate. The pump should be capable of obtaining a blank-off pressure o f .02 TORR or less for 15 psi or full vacuum tank. The transformer instruction nameplate gives the design tank pressure. Using this pressure and Table 3. the re- NPC00007661 770300 9 quired vacuum and holding time can be detennined. Hie vacuum should be measured above the liquid lewl location. in pltce and bolt the two surfaces together under uniform pressure. After the unit his been in service for a period of six months, retighten all the bolts, Before filling, a am p le o f the liquid should be tested for dielectric strength. See "Sampling of Insulating Liquid" section of this booklet. Finbh Instructions for re finishing transformer are as follows: It is recommended that the liquid temperature be IOC or higher during vacuum tilling. The temperature o f the core and coll must be above 0C. The liquid should be pumped into the tank through a filter press. Table 3 --Vacotun Trea tment id Liquid Filling IS P.S.1. or Fufl Vacuum Tanks Condition Absolute Pressure Vacuum Holding In Tank TORR Time Hours Before Filling During Filling After Filling 5 Maximum 6 Maximum 5 Maximum 4 2 8 P.S.I. Tanks 1. If the paint on the unit b generally firm and sound, It is not advisable to atrip the entire surface. 2. All rusted amts should be thoroughly wire-brushed,; sanded, etc., to remove all rust, loose paint, etc. 3. Thoroughly wipe down with solvent-soaked rags to re* move afl dirt, oil, abrading dust, etc. Sometimes tt is sdvis* able to give the unit a light blasting using a n d , ground com cob or grounded walnut shell to roughen up the surface, 4. Apply by brush method a coal o f fast-dry primer 32230DU to all areas abraded to base metal; then follow , with a complete spray coat of the fast-dry primer. j 5. Allow to air dry overnight or apply moderate heat o f 65 to 7SC for several hours. Before Filling During Filling After Filling 347 Minimum 347 Minimum 347 Minimum 4 2 6. After the primer coat is thoroughly dried, then apply a heavy, uniform spray coat o f air dry black enamel 32211JR. NOTE: IT O R R M m m Hg .0193 P.S.I. CAUTION: Where "MINIMUM" b specified lower pressures may result in tin k damage or permanent deformation with serious dam age to internal parts. 7. Allow to air dry for at least 24 hours before placing back in service. Moderate heat of 6 5 to 79C for several hours b preferable If available. 8. Should extra protection be desired, then a second coat of the black enamel can be applied. Gaskets Additional Maintenance Instructions All gaskets used on Network Transformers are normally made of Cortlte, a gasket material consisting of cork and synthetic rubber; and for satisfactory results replacement gaskets should be of the same material. Before replacing a gasket, carefully and thoroughly dean the sled surfaces between which the gaskets are compressed to remove rust, oil, grease, paint and other foreign material. The deaning may be done by scraping or wire-brushing and then wiping the gasket surface with de-natuied alcohol. Use gasket cement 533SIGH'whei applying gaskets. Put the gasket The following are additional instructions that may be use ful in maintaining the Network Transformer. These leaf lets may be obtained by contacting the nearest Westinghouse Sales OITlce. Removing and Replacing Welded-On Covers........................................................I.L. 47-600-21 Instructions for Repairing Tank Leaks . . . I.L. 48-069-20 Cleaning Transformer Insulation................LL. 48-069-13 NPC00007662 770301 4 10 CABLE ENTRANCE OIL OR COMPOUNO FILLED H.V. TERMINAL' CHAMBER TERMINAL CHAMBER COVER CABLE ENTRANCE--EPOXY OR PORCELAIN BUSHING STUD TYPE SWITCH LIQUID LEVEL STATIONARY CONTACT FINGER MAIN SWITCH SHAF' ROTARY CONTACT SWITCH CHAMBER COVER ROTART DRUM TYPE PORCELAIN INSULATOR Fig 3 High Voltage Disconnect and Grounding Switch TRANSFORMER LIQUID LEVEL TRANSFORMER EPOXY OR porcelain bushing STUD TYPE MOVING CONTACT FIN0ER3 TRANSFORMER BUSHING CONTACT GROUND CONTACT GROUND CONTACT SUPPORT ELECTRICAL INTERLOCK ASSEMBLY NPC00007663 770302 4 Il SECTION II NETWORK SWITCH INTRODUCTION The Network disconnect and grounding twitch, r e Fig* ure 3, is normally welded to one end of the transformer tank. Hie switch Is divided Into two parts a twitch cham ber and a terminiI chamber. In the ground position, the switch will withstand a short circuit current o f IS.000 amperes for five seconds without any appreciable move ment of the contacts. Description The three-position switch is designed to have the follow ing sequence: "open", " transformer'', "ground", white the two-position sequence Is "open" and "transformer." The operating mechanism compels a pause in the " traits- former" position to allow the electrical interlock to "pick up" or lock the switch in tire "transformer" position in case the feeder is energized. Tire operating mechanism on both two and three- position switches includes a latching device which holds Ihe switch in any normal operating position unless re- ' leased by the operator and also provides a means by which lire customer may padlock lire handle. The Network switches can be designed to interrupt the transformer exciting current (known as Mag-Break switch) or designed for de-energized operation (known as a Deadbreak swilch). The following interlock schematics show the types of operation. Figure 4 shows operation o f the three-pmition Mag-Break switch. TIie lliree-posilion, Mag-Break switch has two inter locks. Interlock "A " prevents movement from "closed" to "ground" position while the transformer b energized; In terlock "B" prevents movement from "closed" to "opeo" position while the LV breaker or network protector is dosed. Interlock "A" is connected directly to the transformer low voltage so that the Interlock is engaged whenever the transformer is energized. Us associated cam is dotted so that tire interlock does not interfere with movement from "closed" to "open" position but prevents movement from "dosed" to "ground" position if the interlock b ener gized. interlock " B" is connected through an auxiliary switch on the Network Protector to the low voltage grid or sep arate power supply. When lite protector is closed, this auxiliary swilch is npen and interlock coil de-energized. This Interlock is arranged to lock when deenergized. Therefore, as long as Ihe protector is closed lite swilch cannot be operated. This interlock system requires a source of power inde pendent or the associated transformer and at auxiliary contact on the protector. The schematic diagram shows one lead grounded and the other connected to Ihe low voltage source for each interlock. In some cases both leads from each interlock are carried through and connected to the source. ' Tir two-position Mag-Break switch schematic shown in Figure 5 uses rally one interlock. Tiie interlock prevents movement from "closed" to "open" position while the LV breaker or Network ProIcclur a closed. Fig. ! Three Position Switch Mag-Break in te rlo ck Schematic \ Fig. 5 Two Position Sw itch Mag-Break httcriock Schem atic NPC00007664 770303 12 v Thrs interlock system requires a source o f power Inde pendent of the associated transformer and an auxiliary contact on the Network Protector. The interlock is connected through the auxiliary switch on the protector to the low voltage grid or separate power supply. When the protector is dosed, this auxiliary switch b open and Interlock coil de-energized. This interlock is ranged to lock when deenergized. Therefore, as long is the protector b closed the switch cannot be operated. The Deadbreak switch interlock schematic is shown in Figure 6. d um ber since all cables are terminated In the terminil chamber. Terminal Chamber The terminal chamber cover gasket is cemented to the chamber side only. Cement b not used on the other side o f this gasket to facilitate removal o f the cover. The terminal chamber is usually shipped dry and must be filled with insulating oil or compound after making cable connections and replacing cover. Cable Connections Cable connections are made hi the terminal chamber. The cable entrance to the terminal chamber Is normally through either: 1) Wiping sleeves 2) P it king glands (stuffing boxes) 3) Potheads or teiminalois Fig. 6 Dead-Break interlock Schem atic This interlock system uses one electrical interlock. The interlock prvenu movement o f the switch from "closed*' to "open" and from "dosed** to "ground" , unless the transformer b deenergized. One side of the interlock b connected to the secondary tide of the transformer and the other to ground. The interiock b engaged when the transformer b energized. Voltage required for the interlock coils will be found un the instruction nameplate fumisited with tire transformer. The type cable used is the key to the kind o f connec tion required. The cable dictates the stress cone used, en* trance required and the type compound needed to f d the terminal chamber. Im portant: Refer to the cable manufacturer for stress re lief cone requirements. 1 Insulating Compound or 0 3 When specified on the purchase orders, either compound or oil can be supplied, otherwise the procurement b the user's responsibility. When compound is used, the selec tion of the proper compound for a particular installation depends upon: INSTALLATION 1) Cable type and kind of insulation Before the transformer is installed, carefully examine the switch chamber for leaks. All switch chambers are tested at the factory. It b advbable to make a test at installation to make sure that no joints have opened during shipment. See " Pressure Test" fnS eetianI. Operate the switch a few times to make sure that all paru move freely. The switch chamber is shipped tilled with liquid unless otherwise requested and the cover is sealed in place. It b not necesary lo open the switch 2) Operating temperatures and voltages 3) Cable system elevation differentials (PILC cables only) CHECK SPECIFICATIONS ON CABLE TO MAKF. SURE THE COMPOUND TO BE USED IS COM. PAT1BLE. Tire following instructions apply to preparation and pouring of compounds. *l /! NPC00007665 770304 13 1) Conlull compound characteristics for pouring temper* alure. This is alio shown on transformer nameplate If' compound is supplied with transformer. 2) Always use a thermometer to assure proper pouring temperature. Voids may be formed If compound is not heated sufficiently. Compound that is heated too much may damage the insulation on the cable. 3) Warm the metal parts o f the terminal chamber to drive off all moisture and wipe the bushings dry before replac* ing cover. 4) A filling plug is provided on top o f the terminal cham ber and a vent plug b located on the cover plate. Remove' the filling plug and install a standpipe in its place. Remove the air vent plug. 5) Pour compound through the standpipe into the ter minal chamber until It comes out the air vent hole. i 6) Disconnect the standpipe and replace the filling and , vent plugs. 1. When pin marked A on the handle (See Fig. 7) stops the movement, the contacts are engaged for phase A. Phases B and C are open-circuited. Check for circuit through phase A with test voltage, then tag. 2. Release pin A on the handle and move the switch han dle until pin marked AB stops movement. The contacts are then engaged for pluses A and B. Phase C Is opencircuited. Check for a circuit through phase B with test voltage, then tag. 3. With the switch in "ground" position, all three con tacts are fully engaged. Phasing Out Tubes When specified on the order, phasing out tubes will be supplied to provide a means for phasing out lha Incoming feeder The tubes are located on the switch coyer>ind are angled such that when phasing probes are inserted through the tubes, the probes will come In contact n1Ui the live portion of the switch bushing. The phasing out tubes are sealed with either pipe plugs or pipe caps. SWITCH ACCESSORIES Switches, when specified, may be equipped with auxiliary devices which aid in the installation of the transformer or provides additional safety. Tap Changer Mechanical Key Interlock Tills manually-operated Interlock b designed to prevent operation of the tap changer unless the switch is in "open" or "ground" position. Special High Voltage Bushings Occasionally, instead o f the standard HV entrance, sep arable insulated connectors (Universal Bushing Wells) are supplied on top of the termini] compartment. In these cases the terminal d um ber is (Hied with dfl at the factory and need not be opened In the field. In making cable connections to these bushings, follow bushing manufac turer's recommendations for Installation. Sequential Grounding Provisions On the three-position disconnect and grounding switch, .phasing-out contacts may be provided, if specified on Ihe order, so that one phase of the cable can be grounded at a lime. Buttons are provided on the operating handle for Uits operation. Sequence of grounding may be either left to right ot right to left. Phasing-Ont High Voltage Cables Move the switch handle from "transformer" toward "ground" with the latch pins on tits switch control set fur pltastng out cable. Caution: High voltage cable must be de-energized. Fig. 7 Network Sw itch Operating Handle NPC00007666 770305 4 14 MAINTENANCE Electrical Interlock Make a periodic examination lo keep the switch in good condition and to Insure trouble-free operation. Listed be low is a recommended maintenance schedule for the Net-, work switch. The electrical interlock Is of the spring-loaded type. The moving latch b equipped with an adjustable tension spring to adjust the pick-up and drop-out voltages or the inter lock. Thb assembly is adjusted at the faetory according to the following table: Quick-Break Mechanism Interlock Adjustment The quick-break mechanism furnished on Mag-Break switches normally will not require maintenance. Tlte " mechanism uses an auxiliary contact arm which maintains the circuit as the switch is moved from " transformer" toward the "open" position. When sufficient clearance be tween main blade and Its contact has been obtained, the auxiliary contact arm opens the circuit by quick-break action, regardless of the speed i t which the operating han dle is moved. Interlock Coil Rating Adjustment Maximum Minimum Pick-Up Volts Drop-Out Volts I25V-60 cycle 277V-60 cycle 460V-60 cycle 12SV-D-C 250V-l>C 90V 200V 240V 65V 125 V 15V 33V 45V 5V 5V If a bushing of the quick-break arm is replaced, it should be adjusted so that all arms break or snap at the same time. Tills may be done by filing the end of the arm as much as is necessary. Dtj not disturb this adjustment unless the interlock is dismantled. The interlock is located in the main switch dum ber, to the rear and below the rotary bushing. The >. t Switch Maintenance Schedule Main Contacts and Alignment Auxiliary Contacts Alignment Shaft Packing Gland Of) Switch Inerteen Switch 6 mo. 1 yv. 3 yr. 3 mo. 6 mo. lyv. 3 y r. X(3) X3) XX XI3) % l Interlock Pickup Voltages & Operation External Mechanical Interlocks Switch Operation Quick-Break Latching Mechanism Case'Ll quid Leaks Interna) Liquid Leaks XX X X(4) X X(4) X(3) Xf3) X X(l) X(l) X Xf2) X X{2) X Condition of Liquid (Culor & Dielectric) Condition of Inerteen X X( I ) X( 1) X X (1) After 3 months, then two 6-monlh periods and one-year Intervals thereafter. (2) Two 1-year intervals followed by 3-year periods. (3) Or checkjJfter every 200 operations. (4) Operate switch at least once per year. In addition to the above, all cover bolts should Ik tightened and the piishhultons on the operating mechanism-should be oiled with a fine grade light machine oil. J NPC00007667 770306 adjustment of the tension spring is varied by a screw at* Cached to the spring and locked with two brass nuts. Bushing Rephcement To replace a bushing, remove nuts from mounting studs or remove mounting bolts and pull bushing directly down to break gasket seal. Carefully remove any gasket material remaining on mounting surface. When installing a porcelain bushing, tighten all the bolts or nuts until the flange is .0 5 0 1 .010 from the surface on all sides. When installing an epoxy bushing, lighten bolts or nuts until the flange is .10 .01 from the surface on all sides. Im portant: Replace bushing garitct before installing new bushing. Be sure to tree a lock washer and cup washer on each bolt head or nut to insure locking. After the bushings are in place, close up the chamber, using a new cover gasket and pressure test at 7 prig. Gaskets Refar to Section 1 " Gaskets." Liquid Dielectric Tests Tlte dielectric strength of the switch liquid should be checked on a regular basis same as the transformer. See the transformer section o f this book for further In structions. Cable Insulation Test Tire cable insulation can periodically be tested when con nected to the switch bushing. Place the switch In the "open" position and test as follows: Switch Rating D-C Test Voltage Time 15 KV 45.000 5 min. 25 KV 65,000 5 mm: 35 KV 85,000 5 min. SECTION m RENEWAL PARTS a Renewal parts and renewal parts list may be ordered In order to expedite maintenance, the parts listed on through the nearest Westinghouse Sales Office. When or* the Recommended Renewal Parti List should be stocked dering parts or requesting service, give complete descrip by the user. tion o f the part or problem and the serial number of the transformer as listed on the nameplate. NPC00007668 770307 rw ?*-'' . :'-fr . V , , V-V 5!**'";;' TM'Tf-, * *. ''I';'' J.~' " f 1' ~y* A ' `'i!' ?' . ;' >'~/' ' >r "i- .\yZr .* / '." jl' - 1 ' -, 4*-0 DWEA *' !-Oeacripiivo Bulletin Large Power Transformers Pige 2 Large Power Transform era- Cutaway Views (T X ? ) Westinghouse power transformers are used tor transfer ol electrical energy from generator to transmission system, at system interties and in large built power substations. Reliability is the foremost consideration in these applications. Reliability is achieved In Wastirvghousa shell form power transformers w ith o u t com* promising economy o l operation, physical size or InHist cost. General Description A transformer design encompasses several inlotrelated components: An nlectricsl circuit (coils) w ith proper proportions to give the necessary voltage transformation, a magne tic circuit (core) to provide magnetic coupling for the electrical circuit, an insulation system which also supports the electrical circuit, s high dielectric strength liquid (transformer oil) which also serves as a cooling medium, heat exchangers to dissipate the losses gen erated in the electrical end magnetic circuits, terminals for connection to an external energy system and a stqef tank to meebonica llysijp p o rta ll components andcontain in sulating liquid. Westinghausa transformer design satisfies PancakeCoR the three basic criteria to assure reftable and economical service: ( 2 ) intor-Fhaae Blocking 1. Mechanical S tre n g th - The forces on the electrical and magnetic circuits due to hon- ' tiling, shipment and operation am supported by the insulation system end the stool tank. 2. ThermalCapabnity-TemperaUirelsthe mast important factor affecting the useful life of a transform- insulation system. Hottest spot temperatures are lower in shell form transformers because direct cooling of the conductors is accomplished by oil flow over both sides of each coll. 3. Dielectric Design-The Insulation struc tures are designed to eliminate exepssive voltage strasa, prevent ionization attest and operating voltages and eliminate corona dis charges. ( 3 ) L.V.C0MGroup ( 7 ) H.V. Coll Group Ho Bushing H.V, De-energixed Tap Changer ( T ) trmar Tank Braco Tank Shielding Insulating Washer Further Information Prices - Price Liel 8 620 Technical Deto--Technical Data 8-660 NPC00007670 770309 48-950 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin Paga 3 LV . Bus Connection Upper Cora and Cotl Support Phase WaFI Lower Cor and Coil Support Bridge Watt Core Map) Cor Block ( l7 ) H.V. Bushing 0 b) Prasaure Relief Davie* (1 9 ) Transformer Tank Top Section (20) Liquid Lavri Indicator ( Z l) Forcad OH, Forcad A ir Cooler (22) Temperature Indicator (23) Oil Oreufating Pump ($4 ) Traneformer Tank Bottom Section (Sb) Interalra System (b) Nitrogen Bottle ^ 7 ) Control Cabinet (2B) Drain Vaive fia)D e-enm gized Tap Chai 'fl*r Operating Mechanism (So)LV , Birthing NPC00007671 * 770310 ! Pagai Mechanical Strength Significant benefits and advantages of lha mechanical strength of Weetlnghouse Shell Form-form Fit Transformer design: Aa much as 40% loss ail volume. As much as 10% reduction In total Inatelto* tlon cost because of reduced oil volume and correspondingly lees field oil processing. 30-40% greater mechanical strength. Weslinghouse Shell Form Transformers in corporate over 90 years of experience in ,, (trees of design, fabrication end knowledge *nf material processing and testing to w ith stood the severe mechanical stresses im posed bv Power System service. Westinghouse has successfully applied the mechanical principals o f ahell form, form fit designs In large power transformers rated 1300000 KVA three phase and 1000000 KVA single phase. The problems associated with transformer mechanical strength and short circuit capabil ity have been receiving increased attention from both manufacturers and users. This at tention is well justified bv the critical im ped of possible transformer Ihru-feult failures on system operation. System conditions have been changing in a direction which has in creased the exposure to, end magnitude of. system faults, increased system capabilities, system interties end reduced effective trans former impedances all tend to increase the magnitude! of thtu-fault currents and the re sulting mechanical stress on the transformer coil system. Three specific design criteria; magnitude of forces, magnitude of stress and mechanical strength ell contribute tn the inherent . mechanical capability ol the shell form, form tit design. Shell Form-Form Fft Construction The coils in tho shall form design are large surface res pancake colls. Both the HV and LV coils are assembled into winding groups with their faces adjacent to flat presshoard washers containing a planned pattern of spacer blocks cemented to the surfaces giv ing a relatively uniform support system for the turns and strandeof the coils. The com plete phase is installed vertically in the tank bottom and the core iron stacked around it. The upper section of the tank is fitted snugly over the core by shimming under the vertical wooden lets around the external periphery of the cote. PTUUIyConstarePh*MXwwnMy NPCQ0007672 770311 48*650 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin PifleS Tilth Bolton Button wttft fh iia a bi Placo llTqiiH iii!rW ii NPC00007673 770312 4 Pap* 6 Mspoilude o f Fore91 The totalforce between transformer winding groups varies as the square o f the ampere turns per group. Thua if the short circuit cur rent is ten times the normal load current the short circuit force w ill be I10H or one hundred times the normal losd winding forces. This would indicate, a t transformers get larger it is desireWe To reduce the ampere turns per winding group to control the magnitude of total force. This can be accomplished bv in creasing the number of winding groups, commonly referred to an increasing the "Dumber of high-low spaces. Increasing the number of high-low spaces does not increase the average mean turn length of the wind ings, end can be done economically In Shell Form Transformers. T oelanfythi* somewhat, consider the change in going from e two high-tow to a four high-low arrangement with no other changes. It is well to note that while each group in the two high-low arrangement. Figure l. experi ences a total fores F, the successive group forces, as we traverse the windings, ere in opposite directions and tend to cancel each F'R mustother. As a result the net total restraining force which tie epi'llnH natpriMil In the windings is only the force corresponding to a single pair of winding groups. If wo kept everything else the seme but sub divided the ampere turn from 2 to 4 groups hr each winding we would obtain the force re lationships indicated in Figure 2. The force on sch group is now one fourth Its previous value since the force varies as the ampereturns squared. Multiple high-low designs ere used on Westinghouse Strati Form Transformers to achieve s reduction of forces between windings es MVA ratings are increased. This limits the total force magnitude on the individual coils. . > *r UPC00007674 770313 Magnitude otthaStraiM i Tn addition to the control of total Force mag nitude available in ahall form, form Fit trans formers, there la additional capability for keeping the unit stressas to lower levels. In transformers the Forces throughout the wind ings and between the windings and the core or tank structures must be taken by celluloalc materials in compression. If these stresses become excessive the cellulosic materials w ill be crushed and the winding deformed and loosened under thru-fault conditions. The major winding force component is per* pendiculnr to tho lace of the pancake colls. Each coil is uniformly supported by spacer blocks on its adjacent presaboard washers. Between spacers tho winding turns act as un iformly loaded beams s i indicated in Figure 3. The total winding force Is transmitted through the group by the compression of the spacer blocks. Since the shell form design usos large area pancake coils a large number of spacer blocks are available to take the lotel force resulting in relatively low unit stresses in the preasboard both within the winding groups and external to the winding. Mechanical Strength The total force magnitude is reduced consid erably in the shall form design by use of mul tiple high-low winding arrangements. Even with this advantage It is alFII essential to have a rugged mechanical structure to withstand the ultimate forces encountered. In the shell form design the major components of force are taken by well braced structures com pletely outside the winding assembly Itself A portion of the core of a shell form trans former is located inside the window opening of the coil end provides support lor the coils in this area. The remainder of the core is stacked around the periphery of the coils forming a protective shell. The core In the window opening is supported by a structural T beam resting on the tank bottom section. The portion of the core around the periphery of the coils is supported by a well braced structural part of the lank bottom. The weight of the colls Is carried by the upper structural T beam, the core and braces in the tank bottom section. The close fitting form-fit tank and core as sembly both combine to restrain the forces on the winding portions within the Iron open j ing. Above and below (he core large, heavy iron channels welded to the tank provide the i restraint for the remaining portions of the i windings. Since the bracing structures are completely outsldethe winding it is possible to reinforce them without the need for any compromises in winding design. The Wesfinghouse Shell Form-Form Fit de sign offers e combination of controlled max imum stress and high mechanical strength to withstand the forces produced during through fault conditions. 48450 DWEA Doscriptlvo Bulletin Page 7 UPC00007675 770314 Page8 Significant benefits end advantage of the thermal capability of VUestfnghouse Shall Form transform on. Maximum cooling efficiency because of oil flow directly over both sides of the con ductor. 5r-1CTClower hottost spot temperatures during both self-cooled and forced-cooled operation. 3-5% lower PH loss during forced-cooled operation because of reduced conductor ' temperatures. As much as 5% increased insulation life be cause of reduced conductor temperatures. Up to 10% greater thermal capacity both lor continuous loading and for short term over load capability. Insuldur thermally stabilized insulation sys tem providing continuous 12% additional load capacity. <1> A transformer is a vary efficient device, how flow exceeding four feet per minute over the ever. the losses in the electrical circuit and the core end coil surfaces. magnetic circuit generate heat which muat be dissipated. The transformaron, in addition to The pancake coils are mounted vertically and being a liquid insulator, serves as a means of the presaboard Insulating washers w ith a carrying the heat away from the working predesigned spacer block pattern are located parts of a transformer to a heat exchanger on either side o f the coll providing an Ideal where it can be dissipated to the atmosphere. path for oil flow over both aides of the con The efficiency of the dispersion system de ductor surfaces. A large portion of the coll termines the thermal capability and insula surface In a shell form transformer is tion life of a transformer. positioned in the cool oil near the bottom of the tank where direct heat transfer Is moat ef Superior thermal capability is Inherent in ficient. The core construction Is a relatively Westlnghouse shelf form transformers dur high stack of narrow width silicon steel ing both self-cooled and forced-cooled opera punching!, thus oil flowing on either side of tion. the core adequately cools this area and oil ducts within the magnetic circuit ere not A thermosiphon cooling action functions in necessary. the transformer during OA (Self-Cooled 1op eration because of the temperature differen The cool oil rises from the bottom of the tank, tial between oil at the top and bottom of the traveling over the conductor surfaces picking transformer tank. This temperature differen up heat as ft moves to the top or the tank and tial. thermal head, is approximately 12*0 for than out through the heat exchanger, where it an OA transformar, and w ill support an oil cools. The cooled oil re-enters the trans former tank at the bottom. -J: A r t in * S A B aas H r e o m p tw o tip rfo o tt> l>-- h g iilO u r s. NPC00007676 4 770315 4*650 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin m Page 9 The typical temperature rises ere as ilius- Forced coaling is applied to transformers to tratod. The average coppor temperature rise increase their thermal capability without ad is set by ANSI or NEMA Standards. and lor ding active materiel. Forced cooled units can this example is 55'C. The top oil riao is 48"C. be designed with a single rating using pumps the bottom oil rise, 36*C - a difference of 12C and fans for forced oil end forced air (FOA) Or which Is the thermal head required for oil cir forced oil with a water cooled heat exchanger culation. t he average oil rise Is 42*C. (FOW). Triple rated units ere commonly used in application with heavy cycling loads and All temperatures at 1his ooerttilng condition the forced cooling is applied in two equal w ill stabilize if the load remains constant and sieges. Pumps os weft as fens are again used the difference between average copper rise providing OAFOA/FOA ratings at end average top copper rise will be TC, or the 100%M33%.'167% with the sell-cooled rating same as the difference between top oil rise considered as the 100% base. and average oil rise. The average top copper temperature rise then is 55X plus <TC or 61*C. The OA operating data illustrates the flow of oil caused by ihe thermal head in the trans Hot spots w ill occur in the coil due to oil flow former, however, it is obvious that the ther restriction by the spacer blocks. At the OA rat mal head contributes to the total hottest spot ing this allowance Is 2C, this added to the temperature of the transformer. For Ihls average top copper temperature nf fi 1'C re reason, Westinghouse shell form transfor sults In a hottest spot temperature of 63*0. mers employ pumps lo circulate the oil dur ANSI Standards allow 65C hottest spot ing forced cooled operation. Since total temperature fo r a BBT rise transformer temporatures are alsn prportionate to oil vol ume flow, the Increased oil flow made possi ble by the pumps further reduces operating temperatures for any given load condition. Typical temperature diorecterittics of e forced cooled transformer operated * t h& maximum rating are Illustrated above. Again using an average copper rise of 5S*C, the.top oil temperature lo 45"C end the bottom oil temperature Is 4 3 T - o difference of only 2*C. We have almost eliminated the thermal heed because oil circulation is forced by the pumps. Tha average oil temperature is 44 T end after the temperatures stabilize the over age top copper temperature rite w ill be 5fTC. Hot spots w ill also occur during forced cooled cycles and w ill increase slightly due to In creased losses end restriction of oil flow. The hot spot allowance ia now 4 X giving us e hot test spot temperature rise of BOX. Similar temperatures end operating characteristics can be obtained If the transformers are oper ated at 65*C average copper tamperatura rise. NPC00007677 770316 * Page 10 Dielectric Capability Signmeant benefits o f the Dielectric Capabil ity of Weatbigheuee Shell Form Power Traneformers. The mhereni high coll-to-coll end law coilto-ground capacitance ratio provides un iform distribution of surge voltage over the entire coil system. Insulation structures are predesigned end strategically placed to utilise the oil Impreg nated pressboard insulation in puncture rather than creep lor up to 300% additional strength. Tap and line end connections ere made at the loo of the coil with short predesigned loads thus minimizing the effect of localized heating due to high flux fields. PaneskaCoS The exclusive Westinghouse modeling technique and prototype testing verifies the transformer reliability before manufacture. The annuel iroubte rote for Westinghouse Shell Form Transformers Is lass than % the rate of those manufactured by other com panies. Transformers designed for use In large aubstsfions. system merries arid generator stop-up applications, where reliability is of utmost importance, require careful consider ation of transient surge overvolteges. The effect of the various ovenroltages and surge conditions on the windings of the transform or is determined by the characteris tics of the particular coil and winding system. As these transients enter the transformer winding, the initisl voltage distribution w ill be directly determined by the capacitance net work of the coil and winding system. Oscilla tions may dovelop ss the surge progresses through IhecoQ system, which for certain de signs may be amplified by the natural oscilla tion in these systems to a value greater then the initial crest. This overvoltage condition may concentrate at some point in the wind ing. such a t the first several turns at the line end of the winding and stress the lum-to-tum insulation in these areas. more nearly uniform. The de#g n of the shot I The insulation structures between coils, be form generator step-up transformer, employ tween colls end core, end between winding ing multiple high-law winding groups con groups ere made o f high dielectric strength nected in parallel further increases the coll- oil pregnated sheets. Olt spaces ere provided to-coll capacitance and the capacitance ratio w ith precise relationship to the pressboard in these units, thus magnifying this inherent structures to control voltage stress concen design advantage. ^ trations. Special tormad Insulation plaas are The tum-to-tum voltage masses due to the In itial application of the surge ere thereby re duced in the shelf form design Insulation sys tem, end the succeeding oscillations de used over the coll edges where the voltage stresses are highest. Thia Insulation Is utilized In puncture rather then creep for maximum strength. veloped in the winding are also reduced. The The pancake colls are arranged to terminate large inherent cepac! lance of the shell form at the top of the trensformer where connec design causes Ute natural period of the wind tions can be made with a shod lead. Medianing oscillation to be relatively long thus allow teal bracing of leads can be rokdily done and, ing the surge voltages to decay to a low value because o f the short lead length, the mag before the winding oscillations cen develop nitude of circulating currants induced by high to a significant magnitude. fields is minimum. Tho coil asstmbly of a Westinghouse Shell Form Transformer consists of a relatively few "pancake" coils w ith a broad cross-sectional area and a narrow coil edge. Sinca the capaci tances between co lli end iro m Cell-to-ground 1ire directly proportional respectively to the cross-sectional area of the coll end the area ol Its edge, the Shell Form Coil System has a high coiMo-coH and a low coil-to-ground capacitance. When the ratio ot the coll-to-coil capacitance to the coil-to-ground capacitance is high, es in the shell form transformer de sign, the voltage distribution ecrais the coil group with tepidly rising transient voltage 1b N Pco o o ?67g 770317 -SO D WE A Descriptive Bulletin P is e li - tV- !P- -*;-*>Vs l -.V'-I -V. ,<i.irifH ;*.'. *-<'.. ; --1i - /v'>{?v'S*t'fiC. ' ' x' Vivj:: .*>; s*; <'" **#' :; ^ ;V r^ )'^ or#:'i; -- . . ( ^ ) Predesigned P relsboifdC hsrifw It "**.'!( T ) Prestboatt IrtiuJittno W t#hri '.' (^4 ^ Prmba'fdspacer- Blocks ; ; ( s ^ T6teticShield. 7:_(^-:cie/ .-; * : . ( ? ) o iio u c t Core T pL-- d S how n C o in w ll to O M - P | id T C iu m T w n W l C NpC00007679 770318 Pago 12 Historically, when higher voltage levot* were required (or Transmission of pow er, eq uip ment designs were extropoleted fro m exist ing data. This approach generally resulted in applying edditional insulation to the trans form er coll systems to meet prescribed elec trical clearances. W estlnghouxe engineers dolermiftsd that this approach was w holly in adequate. and, in m any instances, the added insulation created new problems. Knowledge in The science of electrical insula tion development derives from basic com po nent research on electrode creep characteris tics. insulation corona performance, and the mechanical and therm al capabilities of insu lation structures. When the performance o f a component measures successfully in these relatively isolated studies, the next step m the Westing house developm ent program is to subject It to sim ulated use tests in a scale model transformer. These models are de signed in `K E lectrom agnetic scale, providing complete access to the coils end turns of the uni); w hen sw itching surge orlm pulse sig nals are im pressed fro m a signal genoralor the performance o f iha model (and resulting voltage variations! duplicate the performance ul e fglj site transformer. lU k iilM it A iu ta O tata etrk F M d F lo t tb o a > ln F o rti r o) iT t t H ! KV A irto tu m fo rm W M fc g . The voltages obtained fro m the m odel test are plotted on a resistance analog dielectric field plot, where e final study of the perform ance of the insitlntinn structure Is made from the resulting euuipofantiol lines and indicated voltage stresses. These studies are made for voltrtge conditions such as steady state, im pulse, sw itching surge, and law frequency. II additional data is needed, a digital dielectric field plotting technique is used to am plify a minute section of the transform er to study Its performance under varying v o ltig e condi tions. W hen o u r engineers ere satisfied that ihey have ss com plete info rm atio n as can be de rived from component study end modeling program s, and the in fo rm a tio n is favorable, the next step Is lu b u ild a lu ll size prototype transform er, incorporating the newly de veloped concepts. NPC00007680 4 770319 Prototype Totting 48-650 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin Page 13 r;r;?vii:. i : -l:t;.i il;; \y :! . V'H bV HV Vl LV MAGNETIC BOUNDARY i M i i p i Rua FWd flo t e t a T n k r f t M l a m Mndlng. A Stogie e tu * Prototyp* T random ar U M w g o * Corwu In N Westtnghowse uses three prototype Trans formers to verify laboratory performance of components. The extent of the Westmghouse research and developm ent program s m ay be indicated by the fact that each of three trans formers w ill, on the average, be built twice o year - providing a total of six development units per year. Norm al procedure la to bu ild phose w hich line some nom innl BIL such as 825 KV, then subjecting it (o impulse, sw itching surge, and low frequency tests at voltage levels as sociated w ith ever increasing BtLs. un til the structure fails. The prototype transformers ere operated w ell shovQ jiam nplats voltage rating for long periods to make exhaustive tests of an InsulaliorT structure end in fu lly ric torm ina its perform ance in a fu ll size trans former. This effort has resulted in a virtual elim ina tion o f structural insulation teal tailures in transformers shipped from the la rg e Power .TrnlatfCQAQiyisioq- M sgnetic Reid Investigations The dram atic grow th ih generator step-up it gnsformer ratings has created another type of potential difficulty. For example, a com parison of the secondary current o f e one m illion KVA transform er manufactured in 1970, w llh the secondary current o f a one hundred thousand KVA transformer supplied in 1947, reveals e current ratio o f 101 0 1 but m ore significantly, e leakage flux field heat ing effect ratio o f 50 to 1. The magnitude end geom etry o f the leakage flu x field at Buy p o in t In e transform er are a function of the ampere turns in nil windings, the insulation spaces and the magnetic boundrics of the care end tank walls. The de term inatio n o f thoso fields In tw o dim ensions presents en intricate problem . However, the fields are throe dimensional in some regions, increasing the com plexity of a precise solu tion. W esting house engineers am using d ig i tal com puter ptogram s derived fro m uniquB mathematical field ana lysis equations to de termine the riux field xt any point in the trans form er subject to heating. An eaually im portant and difficult pert of this problem is to determ ino the heating that can result in g given flux Hold. Very com pfex mathem atical analyses ero required for these problem solutions and the results must be confirm ed by experimental testing. Wastinghouse engineers, skilled In m athem atics end flaid theory, have successfully developed components e n d design methods o f preventinp over heeling, Extensive laboratory facilities ere in use to continue this work on oven larger transformers that w ill be required in the future. Prototype transformers are used in the study of leakage flux heating and to verify design principles that have evolved from the mathematical and experimental studies. The va lid ity of o u r field plotting methods has been confirmed by measuring the flux dem aity in the experimental units at several thousand points, then com psrlng the meas ured values w ith the calculated values. Tests performed w ith very high overcurrents to ex aggerate Ilia healing effect, have successfully proven the new design principles. Lookogo fiold calculations o f large production units area pert o f the design procedure, thus elim inating potential heating areas p rio r to m anufacturing tho transformer, end assuring Its reliable performance. Transformer performance characteristics have been snelyied iii conjunction w ith leak age field studies and severe! changes in con du ctor and coil configuration have resulted In im proved efficiency levels. Westinghouse engineering, research end de sign capabilities hBve effected dram atic im provem ent in (he service perform ance record of large power transformers, bringing current performonce to a high state o f operational dependability. NPC00007681 770320 V ap o th w m Insulation Processing The assembled transformer pbasa is clamped w ith heavy spring loaded beams, to assure dimensional stability during processing and to adjust for m aterial shrinkage. The com* plete transform er phase assembly is placed in the processing vessel, the vessel is then sealed and evacuated to remove all oxygen and moisture. A hydrocarbon solvent is used to rapidly and uniform ly transfer heat into the insulation end raise the tem perature of the entire structure, thereby accelerating m ois ture removal from the Kraft insulation. Over'h e a tin g and pretoging of the e xte rio r insula tion pans docs not occur because no oxygen Is present and because of tho u n ifo rm heat transfer by the solvent vapor. The heating nnrl moisture removal continues until the system pressure reaches the sol vents liquid-vapor equilibrium curve. A t this tim e the liq u id solvent is removed. Evacuation continues u n til the Iasi Iraces of solvent and m oisture are rem oved fro m the system The pow er factor o f the insulation is m o n i tored during the entire cycle end m ust be at a tow levet as a final check at the co netusio n of the drying cycle. Insulating oil is adm itted into the processing tank w ithou t relieving the vacuum to com pletely impregnate the Kraft paper insulation and eliminate corona producing bubbles. The oil tills tho voids in the K ta ll paper, assuring high short circuit sticng lh and n dry, dim en sionally stable phase assembly throughout subsequent operations. The transform er phase is then removed Irom the processing tank. After assembly is completed, the transform er is processed in its own tank w ith hot oil under a low vacuum to remove any surface mots turc from the insulation that may have ac cumulated during assembly- Final control of the process is achieved by chocking the insulation pow er laclor si the cuti elusion o f (tie d ry ou t cycle, tu be certain it has remained at a lo w le v e l EndVtw* at Kratl bwultUwr Summary o f Benefits: Dryout and oil Impregnation w e accomp lished in a single piocessing vessel. Spring loaded dam ps adjust for malarial shrinkage and assure a lig h t insulation as sembly. Solvent heat of v a p o riia lio n raises tha temperature of tho insulation structures at a un iform rate. Preoging and e m b rittle m ent of insulation m alarial is eliminated. Closer dimensional control o f insulation parts i possible a llow ing sixo and w eight reduction of the completed transformer Insulation structures are impregnated w ith dry oil tu prevent subsequent moisture ab sorption and to assure m axim um dielectric and mechanical strength. NPC00007682 4 770321 #% - 5 0 D WE A Descriptive Bulletin Page 15 T erring addition to the low frequency tesi required by ANSI Standards The fast consists nf applvmg a reduced full wave, two chopped waves ann one full wave in this order to uoch line te rm in a l. The crest values of fhe impulses have a minus toler ance of 5% in addition to the 5% toltu ancr j allowed by ANSI Standards. West Inghouss pioneered the Impulse testing of transform ers snd began commercial use of the test in 1931. This type of testing maintains the high degree of quality in W estinghouse shall form u ons fo rm e rs Corona Testing The W ostinghouse procedure for corona lest inp PHV transform ers ray iurea a RIV nieas urement on fhe HV w indin g during the In duced Test The measurement procedure and instrum ents as prescribed in "N E M A 107 Methods of Measuring Radio Noise" are em ployed. except the power supply is connected to the lowest voltage w indin g ot the tren * form ei lieinp insh'd jn d the hushing cnpoci lance lap is iis m I to connucl Ihe Rl meter to the HV torm inal Indisputable proof of the re lia bility of a trims former end confirm ation of its performance irhei ecter Istii:* ere established by tests All W estinghouse shell form transform ers are tested in accordance w ith American National Standards institute Test Code tor Trans formers. Standard Tests applied to all units Resistance measurements of all w indings on the rated voltage connection of each unit and at the tap extremes of one unit on ly of a given rating on an order Ratio tests on the rated voltage connection and on all tap voltages. Polarity and phase-relation teats on the rated voltage connection. No load loss at rated voltage connection Exciting current at rated voltage on the roted voltage connection. Impedance and load lo ts at rated current on the raied voltage connection of each unit and on the lap extremes of one unit only of a given rating of an order ANSI Temperature Test Applied Potential Test. Induced Potential Tests W estmghouse Quality Control Impulse Tests W estmghouse Quality Control Corona Test on all units 345 KV and above Tests w hich w ill he perform ed at purchaser s option and at addmonal cost: ANSI Impulse Tests NEMA Froni-uf-W eve Impulse Tests Switching Surge Test Audio Sound Level Measurement Low Frequency Over Voltage Tests for EHV Transformers. The induced voltage is raised to approxi mately 5096 full tost voluo, s value above operating voltage, and fhe RfV Is meaaurad The teat voltage it then ra ile d to the full teat value and hold for 7200 cycles. An RfV mess urement is taken at this voltage A fter the low frequency test Is com pleted, the RIV is agem measured at 50% full test voltage, ft the RIV levels ai 50% induced voltage level exceeds 100 m icrovolts o r if the RIV level at full feet voltage exceeds 500 m icrovolts, additional testing w ill be perform ed to dem onstrate the reliability of the transformer W estinghouse performed the first com mer cial corona test In 1959 and began corona testin g every EHV transform er in 1996. Alternate Corona Teat Corona teat w ill be made on ail transformers 345 KV end above by exciting them at 150% of the m axim um system operating voltage for one hour. Single phase units w ill be ex cited from a single phase source and three phase units from a three phase source Impulse Tasting The most com prehensive dem onstrotlon of transform er insulation strength is the ability to w ithstand low frequency tests and impulse tests Westinghouse uses a Quality Control Impulse Test to check the adequacy of de sign. materials and w o rkm tn sh io on all shell form transformers These tests are made in Corona readings w ill be recorded at 10 m i nute intervals fo r the HV term inals. If all readings are 150 m icrovolts or lass, fhe transform er is considered acceptable. If the RIV level on any tasted term inal exceeds 150 m icrovolts, td d h io n e l testing w ill be per form ed to dem onstrate the rslie b ilily of the tra nsform er NPC00007683 770322 Pane >6 Several designs o f bushings are used on Westmghouse shell form transformers de pending on BIL and current requirements. All designs com ply w llh industry standards per taining to electrical and mechanical charac teristics. O Bushings The type O condenser bushings are designed for transformer and oil circuit breaker appli cations above 46 KV. The bushing is constructed using an oilim pregnated K raft paper condenser in an nil filled chamber. The oil chamber consists ul an expansion bowl, upper and tower por celains and a metal flange. The assembly is scaled and held under pressure by a spring assembly. The flange is provided w ith a voltage tap re ceptacle end on oil valve. OS Bushings This bushing is applied to w in dings throug h 46 KV-250 KVBIL. The condenser is w oun d on the con du ctor tube using treated Kraft paper. Metal full is Inserted at appropriate diameters to form the condensers. A porcelain weather shield Is solder sealed to the conductor tube and flange to protect the external portion of the condenser. The porcelain weather shield is filled w ith W em co C Oil. RJ Bushings RJ Bushings are applied on transform er w indin gs 15 KV and below. P 'is design ts ap plied prim arily on tertiary w indings o f autotransformers and m ultiple w inding trans fo rm e rs. This bushing uses a load encased in a single piece wet process porcelain. A one-piece forgod alum inum flange is rolled into groove in i he porcelain over a sllicono rubber gasket. Bulk Type Bushings W estinghouse hulH ype bushings sie de signed lo r 25 KV, 150 KV BIL insulation level and arc used as the prim ary lead connection on generator step-up transformers. The de sign (sutures a single piece porcelain and in terim! metal flange w ith a heavy tubular lead through Hie chiiIu'. A spring luudud ich im in g rin g m aintains the fend and porcelain assem bly under compression. A four spade rectangular term inal is provided for external connection to bus duct leads. The mini assem bly is vented lo a llo w circulation o f cooling oil from the transform er lank, and lor this mason the internal end ol the bush ings is lucalud below the oil level in tin: tra ns form er tank, AN exU-ruu) pore!Inins fur WiiSlirighuusM Bushings are available in either ANSI 70 Grsv or Standard Brown, NPC00007684 770323 4 48-650 D W E A Descriptive Bulletin Page 17 SFO Bushing The W estinghouse type SFO Bushing p ro vides a vnry reliable term ination between an oil-rilled transform er end a pressurized gasinsulated bus. The transform er cart be con nected directly to (he other com ponents of a GIS subs tat un w ith the SFO bushing. The bushing incorporates inner and outer casings o l a high rhrength epoxy compound w hich is resistant Jo SF* gas. A double inter lace between the pas dielectric and the trans form er oil is provided to prevent contam ina tion o f the transform er insulation. The SFO Bushing incorporates m any of the proven features o l the type 0 Bushing such ns the nil impregnated split foil condenser, the potential tap. a flange extension for mounting interna! current transformera and a spring loaded lead assembly. NPC0007685 770324 Pepe IB W inding Temperature Indicator The W estinyliouse hottest spot temperature indicator is an assembly utilizing a bourdon gauge, calibrated in degrees centigrade, con necied to a bulb by a capillary rube. The in d i cator is located on the tank w all at eye level lor convenient leading. Tire thermometer bulb and a hasting coil are assembled in a w ell located in the hottest oil near the top ol the transformer. Current, proportional to the transform er load cut rent, is supplied to the heeling coil by a current trnnsform ei. This adds an increment ol temperature to the thermometer bulb w hich is eauat to the w inding hot spot rise above hot oil temperature. Thus, the instru ment indicates hot spot temperature. Three switches are provided in the instru ment to oprrato forced-cooling control and alarm circuits. Oil Temperature Indicator The liquid temperature indicator is mounted on the transform er tank at eye level heighl. The assembly utilizes a bourdon gauge con nected to the bimetallic thermometer bulb by a capillary tube. Thalherm om nror bu lb is en closed in a w ell locatod in the hottest oil neat the top of the tank. Two switches are pro vided in the instrum ent for operation of aux iliary and alarm circuits. 5t e l tor,xl Vitw of Tron riorm n Sh otting Mounting oi IndlcJtDi with M u M a Tufeo (ndHtrtXtgColContortion Oitgrom lor Cuiront Iram fotnw r NPC00007686 770325 49-fiSO O W E * Descriptive Bulletin Pie 19 Oil Circulating Pumps The circulating p u m p s supplied on Westing* house forced cooled po w e rtro nsform ers are e specie! centrifugal design using e d o s e coupled pum p end m o tor enclosed in a cast iron housing. The oil flo w w ith in the pum p is directed to provide beering lubrication end cooling for tho m otor stator. The pum p is suitable fo r m ultiple m ounting positions end can be applied to ell types of W estinghouse coolers or radiators. Oil Flow Indicator The W estinghouse oil flo w indicator is a vane operated Instrum ent designed for use w ith esch forced oil pum p on transform er. It provides visual indication and confirm ation by electrical alarm switches, o l the proper operation of the pum p and adequate d Mflow for cooling. The alarm switch lead* are brought out through a threaded receptacle fo r connection to remote alarm equipment. Liquid Level Indicator The liauid level indicator designed fo r West* inghouse transform ers is a se if contained hoot operated In s jru m jn t. The indicator is a tw o part assembly. The sealed body Is at tached to the tank w all and contains an ac tuating magnet shaft connected to the float arm inside the transform er. The bezel, or outer assembly, contains tho calibrated dial and indicating needle. The indicating needle is directly connected to a second m agnet w hich is positively displaced by the rotation of the magnet and float arm assembly in the sealed body. Alarm switches are enclosed in tire bezel and alarm leads arc term inated in a threaded receptacle from w hich they can be connected to rem ote equipm ent. No o il leaks can occur around the instrum ent because of the sealed body design. W estinghouse Insulating Oil WEMCO "C " Concurrent w ith the Insuldur development, W estinghouse was w orking w ith the various petroleum companies to develop a higher flash-point oil for additional m argin o f safety. W estinghouse Research developed and pro vided to all of the oil suppliers the required in form ation needed to refine a new higher flash-point n il and made It available to lith e industry. The flash-point was raised from 27 T F to 2B3'F w hile equalling or bettering the remaining characteristics including lower pour point. NPC00007687 4 770326 Page 20 Thermal Accessories, cont'd. Control Cabinet For Auxiliaries W cslinghousc transformers are equipped whh d weatherproof conirol cahmel Inr lerminatinn of Auxiliary equipment. Controls for Ihn fans and pum ps arc actuated hy w inding tem perature and provisions can be made for automatic or mo miei switching to an alter nate auxiliary power source tu assure con tinuous operation of cooling equipment. Radiators The W ostinghouse radiator rg an officiant cooling unit designed (or use on large trans formers requiring a aelf co d e d rating. The radiator is detechebleand is removed (ram the transform er fo r shipment*-. I The radiator is all w elded shoot metal con struction w ith vertical cooling sections through w hich the oil circulates and cools. A form ed metei header is welded to each end of the vortical fin sections and provides the fit tings to attach the radiator to the transformer lank. Fens and pumps ere used in inju nction w ith the radiator to provide forced cooled ratings. Forced Air Fans The Ion assembly Is designed specifically fo r uso w ith W esllnghouse radiBtors. Groups or Ians arc mounted on the side of a radiator bank and provide forced air circulation through the continuous ducts form ed by the parallel m ounting arrangement of the radiators. The tan assembly consists of a fractional horsepower m o tor and glass reinforced polyester tan blade. The m otor is m ounted on a steel w ire fo rm bra cke t w hich also servos os a guard for the fan blade. Either throe phase o r single phase m otors ore available and 11m o tors are equipped w ith Fit tings for periodic lubrication. NPC00007688 770327 Therm al Accessories, cont'd. FOA Transform er Cooling Equipm ent W eslinghouse FOA transform ers are eq uip ped w ith oil to air heat exchangers. Efficient heat dissipation occurs es oil is pum ped though the tube bundle and the fens draw air across the finned tubes. The ait dis charged by the fens is directed away from the transformer. The FOA cooler is an assembly of a tube bun dle and tans m ounted in a step! housing. The tubas have extruded fins fo r increased radia tion surface. The fans are therm ally protected to prevenl m otor overheating. FOW Cooling Equipment The Weslinghouse oil to water heat ex changer Is an efficient and com pact m ethod of cooling large power transform ers and is used if a suitable source of cooling water is available. The cooler is constructed using double w ad finned tubes encased in a steel shell. Oil from the transform er is pum ped through the shell around the tube bundle as watet is circulated through the tubes. Heat from the oil is transferred through the cooling tubes and carried away by the discharged water. The outer (oil side) o f the cooler tubes is coppur w ith extruded copper fins. The internal (water eidoj of the tubes is cupronickel alloy. The use o f saline or ra w river w ater is feasible bncaune of this tube construction. Double w all construction between the w ater inlet and the oil shell prevents contam ination of the oil. 48-650 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin Pape 71 X ' UPC00007689 770328 4 Page 22 Standard Paint Finish Tht< paint finish on a rransiorm er serves tw o purposes - to protect the exposed mots) turluces from corrosion and to enhanca the ap pearance o f the unit. The current emphasis on beautification has increased the use of colors that help to blend the units w ith the background at the installation site. Several stops are followed in pointing a West inghouse u e nslonn et and Its accessories: The steel plate used to fabricate the tank is 'th o ro u g h ly cleaned of m ill scale and corro sion by rotary blasting equipment. The i-^tmpteie tank is shotblasted fo r rem oval of w ekl spatter and other surface d in ac cumulated during fabrication. The tank is then painted using en " Airless Spray" process. A prim er coat of alkyd vehi cle and rust inhib itive pigm ent is applied fo l low ed by a finish coat o f nlkyd vehicle end pigments. Both coats of paint are air-dried to assure proper curing and adhesion to the metal surfaces. A final touch-up coat of alkyd vehicle and pigm ents is applied 10 the com pleted trans former immediately prior to shipm ent Accessory items ate painted separately using a sim ilar process. The standard color for W estinghouse large power transformers is ANSI 70 light Grey. ANSI 2J Dark Gray and ANSI 45 Foliage Green are available at additional cost. Nonstandard colors are also available nt addi tional cost providing the material is com pati ble w ill) W estinghouse primer. JpafKtuoflof m H PC 00007690 770329 48450 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin Page 23 Inertairs Equipment Westinghouse Irm rtflirpequipm ent assures long insulation lift) and negligible oil detnrioration by maintaining a cushion o f dry n i trogen above tire oil til the transformer. The nitrogen is supplied fro m a steel cylinder and Is autom atically fed into the transform er through a reducing valvo whenever the inter nal pressure In the lank falls below '/%pound per square Inch. A relief valve incorporated into the controls conserves nitrogen in the gas space by per m ittin g it to escape into the atmosphere only when the pressure in the transformer reaches a predetermined value. internet lank pleasure or vacuum. A ll equipm ent except The nitrogen cylinder is enclosed in e weatherproof cabinet w ith pad locking provisions. A valve connected to the gas space provides a means o f sampling the gas for oxygen conlent. A com pound pressure gauge indicates ~' Relief Device Tank LeadConn. Shut Off Valve . Cylinder Pressure Gauge aft- Second Stage Handle Three Stage Regulator Secondary Relief Volve Drain Cock P rim a ry Pressure Relief Valve Breather Sump ( t z ) Transformer Pressure indicator ( i s ) Needle Teat Valve ( f ^ Terminal Block S a mpling Valve NPC00007691 770330 Page 24 COPS J ^ V, 'T T ?? * ? ? ? Constant Oil Pressure Oil Preservation Sy stem (COPS) The W cstlnghnuse Consttml Oil Pressure System (COPS) of oil preservation m aintains e constant pressure on th e surface o f the oil in the trensfarmer. The tank and the oil are sealed from the otmosphere preventing ex posure of the oil to oxygen end moisture. The oil expansion in tho transform er, caused by thermal cycling, Is absorbed Into e s t e e l. reservoir mounted above th e main lank. Con tact between the oil end the atm osphere is prohibited by a fiexibln Nitrile air cell in the Dtpexpansion reservoir. The air I l l s vented to the aim here through a dehydrating breather and inflates or daflates as the oil volume in th e transform er changes. Connec tion between lint m ein tank end the reservoir is made through a globe valve, thus permit ting Isolation of the m ain tank. ^ 2 Inch Vacuum Plug ( l ) Breather Line from AtrCaHtoDehy- drating Breather ( T > G lobe S h u t Off Valve ( X ) 3 Inch Vacuum Plug ( T ) Mechanical Relief Device ( T ) Vent Plugs r T ) 3 Inch Fill Plug On T ra n sfo rm s Transformer Tank ( ? ) Dehydrating Breather (io) Drain and FIOValva ( l ) Reeervior @ Air Cell ( l 3 ) Liquid Leva! Gauge ^ 4 ) Pressure-Vacuum Gauge ( l5 ) Pressure-Vacuum Bleeder Vecuum Switch M 7) n a Connecting Pressure-Vacuum Sw itch to Reservoir ..." ' 1ITT 1 i NPC00007692 770331 4  Protective Accessories 4S-C50 D W E A Descriptive Bulletin A utom atic Resetting Relief Device The A utom atic Resetting Relief Device used on W estinghouae tranaform er* ia designed to relieve dangerous pressure w hich may build up w ithin the transform er tank. When a pre determ ined pressure is exceeded, the reac tion lifts the diaphragm or lho relief device and vents the transform er tank. The design features a dome-shape dia phragm . com pression springs, gaskets and a protective cover. A lightw eight plastic sem aphore is used to indicate en operation of tho relay. A n alarm sw itch w ith contacts Is available fo r remote signal of an operation. The compression springs reset the dia phragm on the gaskets fo llo w in g en opera tion thus preventing the entry o f foreign mat erlal into the transform er tank. Sudden Pressure Rslay The \Afastinghouse Sudden Pressure Relay is designed to respond to sudden increases in internal gas pressure in a power transformer. Norm ally, such pressure increases are caused by an internal arc and thB associated circuitry of the relay can be arranged to in itiate alarm and trip circuits to deenergize the transform er. Dapiage to the transform er can be m inim ized in this way. The relay consists o f d pressure sensing bel lows, en alarm switch, and a pressure equaliz ing orifice, all enclosed in a sealed case. Tire relay is specifically designed for application w ith the Inertaire Oil Preservation System. It is m ounted at the to p of the transform er, et the gas (pace. A seal-ln relay, reset switch and other as sociated circuitry aro m ounted on a panel in the transform er control cabinet. A V o ltra p i' surge suppressor is connected across Ihe trip contacts at the snal-in relay to prevent ex traneous induced voltages in the alarm cir cuits from causing false operations. The relay is not affected by external mechanical shock nr vibration. NPC00007693 4 770332 Pape 26 i Shipm en t W estinghouse large pow er transform ers are designed for shipment on the exclusive Schnabel railroad car. Benefits o f the Schnabel Cor $5,000 to $10,000 savings In unloading ex pense: Reduces unloading lim e by 40 to 60% Eliminates the need far heavy m obile lifting eq u ip m e n t. $20,000 to $30.000 additional savings by elim inating tank sncHonatization end inter ns) disassembly for shipment. Minimizes the exposure o f critical insula tion structures to the atmosphere thereby unhenuiny transform er reliability. parison the bed ol a depressed center rail car Is a m inim um o f 28 in d ie s high, thus the ef fective shipping clearance height of a trans fo rm s ' ts reduced 22 inches w ith Schnabel s hipm ents. This reduction in shipping clearance height eliminates the necessity of seclionallring the tank tor shipment and greatly reduces field assembly tim e. Since the tank need only be opened lo r installing end connecting IIhi bushings, the atm ospheric exposure Is minim ized and tho transform er's reliability is enhanced. The pivot centers on the loaded Schnabel cat ere the seme as b standard railroad box car, therefore It can negotiote standard railroad curves and does not require special routing. The cars are equipped w ith a power driven hydraulic system and their ow n jacking sys tem, facilitating direct unloading of the trans form er w ithout using heavy m obile lilting equipm ent. Aftor tho transform er is skidded to the pad the tw o hafves o f the em pty car are coupled together for return to the frmlory. The unloading operation and m oving the frans* former onto its own foundation ped from an adjacent rail siding can be com pleted in an ' 8-hnur working shift w ith a m inim um of labor. W cfltinghonse has three cars available 1500,000 pound. 750,000 pound and 1.000,000 pound capacities) for m axim um flexibility in scheduling transform er shipments. The transformer, loaded on the su perstructure, is actually part tif the car and rides w ithin Ginches o f the top o f the rail. By com- f 770333 I Stof* Ph*M Shipman! 48*650 OWE A Descriptive Bulletin Pepc?7 Single Phase Transformer Shipment W estinghouse single phase large power transformers are frequently shipped on their sides because o l shipping deaianco lim ita tions. Single phase designs si e used piim arily on EHV applications w here the tank d i mensions an ih igh and narrow. Shipment o f the transform) on its iid e eliminates the necessity ol snetionalizing the lank and disas sembling internal parts of the transformer. The conslruction o l shell form , form fit Frans * form ers is ideal fo r this m e thod ot shipm ent because the cm e and coils are <tstrung unit assembly, securely clamped anti supported by internal structures or the lank. U piigh lin g the transform er at the installation site can be done bv several methods - the most com m on luung w ilh a m obile crane. A specifically designed tra n s lo m w rocker de vice is available w hich reduces the necessary liftin g capability to approxim ately ten per cent o l the shipping weight o l the trans fo rm e r. 770334 4 48-650 D W E A Descriptive Bulletin Pipe 28 Westinghouse Developments tor Power Transformers 11(0 KV TtanSofm ai lese Georpe WestingtiousB granted first A m crictn transformer patent. 1909 Silicon Steel. 1907 Condenser bustlings. 1921 220,QUOv o lt pow er transform er w ith no load tap changor. 1924 Loud la p changers. 1929 Surge generam i lot pow er transform r-r testing 1929 Sealed aire oil protection for power tra nsform ers. 1931 Comm ercial im pulse testing. 1932 Forced oil cooling |railw ayI: Hiper&il steel; vacuum filling ot transformers. 1940 Solder seal bushings. 1942 Type "O '* oil fined condenser bushings. 1943 Form fit tank, 1946 500 kv Tidd transm ission line transfor mers (ex perimento!!. 1950 Coastal finish point. 1952 220.000 kve power Irens form er. 1953 945.000 volt pow er transform er. 1954 400,000 kva pow er transform er. 1956 W orld s largest sound testing labora tory; pow er transform er designed by co m pute r/ 1957 SchnAbel reilrnad car. 1955 Insuldur insulation system. 1960 R esia ta n ce typ e to p ch o n g e rfo rh ig h voltagli appi tesi ions. 1 1961 750 kv Apple Grove transm ission line transform er (experim ental!; first Irens- form er shipped from M un ric plant; 750.000 lb. capacity Schnabel car. 1962 Contract signed fo r 500'kv com m er cia l system ; 600,000 k v i transform er shipped. ( 1963 Order received to r 725,000 kva, 345 kv three phase transform . 1 964 First 500 kv transform er fo r com m ercial uve shipped; new improved Insuldur. 1965 First 735 kv transform er fo r com m ercial use shipped. 1967 O rder received fo r 1.000.000 kva trans former. 1968 950 Mve 3 phase transform er shipped; first 765 kv transformer and reactor for commercial operation shipped. 1969 First 1100 kv transform er (experim en tal) shipped; 1,000.000 lb. capacity Schnabel car. 1370 I.OOO.OOOkvetransformorshipped. 1970 Second 1100kv transform er (experi mental) shipped. 1971 Order received to r 1.300,000 kva, 345 hv three phase transformer. 1972 W estlnghouse announces 10 Year W ar ranty on Core and Coils of Shell Form Transformers. New Laboratory fecilitins com pi mod lor use in insolation development and magnetic field studies. SFO Bushing developed fo r use on transform ers in GIS substations. 1973 T,300,000 KVA, 345 KV transform er hipped. T h ird 1100 KV transform er shipped. 600 MVA, 230 KVA Phase Angle Reg ulator (W orld's largest) shipped. 1974 Order received fo r three 1100 KV trans formers for prototype substation. W m lm ghouse Power Transform ar Plant H und e, Indiana Printedin USA This m odern manufacturing facility was de signed and constructed specifically for m an ufacturing large power transformers. Proven m anufacturing concepts are combined w ith innovative processing techniques 10 produce a reliable transform er in s m inim um cycle time, Sophisticated tesi equipment end pro cedures ere iriili/e ritn prove the reliability of the transformer prior to shipment. W estinghduso Electric Corporation Large Power Transformer Division M uncic, Indians 47305 USA The plant is staffed w ith h ig h ly (rained, ex perienced personnel, Complete Engineering end Developm ent facilities ore Included as an integral port of the operation and are fully supported by the extensive Westlnghouse Corporate Research Department. NPC00007696 770335 770336 W ettinghouse Furnace Transformers om a special application of po w o i transformers converting the hfgh vofttge input from con* vvntranal power sources to the low voltage* and high currants required by electric fur naces in alsctro-matallurgical and electrochomicaf processes. Transformer relloblfily is the foremost consideration In these applications. (1) HV Surge Capeertom (2> HV Surge Arrester (3) HV Bushing (4) M otor Operated No Load Delta/Wye S w itc h Successful application or a transformer to an electric arc furnace installation requires the solution of several technical problems,'bath in design o f the transformer and lotor in hs operotrun as a pow er supply for the Furnace Electrodes- For example, during the early m eltdow n period o f furnace operation, scrap main I may cave in around the electrodes and causa momentary abort circuit crrente to bo drown from the supply system. As the furnace electrodes ore lowered into Ihe scrap, momen tary single plies# loads occur on the trans former os arc ignition occurs between electrodes. , (5) LV Bus Bor Bustling (6) Lifting Hooka (7) Doha/Wye Switch M otor and Control Cabinet (8) Control Cabinet (9 ) Inertalre Cabinet (1 0 ) Oil Circulating Pumps (11) UVT Lood Tap Changer Sw itching transients and possiple harmonic voltages and current ampilflcopon must be considered in the transformer design, par ticularly w ith the widespread ^plication of vacuum breakers In the furnace Transformar supply circuit. (12) FOW Coolers (13) Cooling Water Connection and Watar tow Indicator. The furnace transformer is subjected to heavy thermal overloads during tire hiilief meltdown period of the furnace cvcla w hich must be considered by the transformer designer. Westinghousa Shell Form Furnace Trans former design satisfies the three basic criteria of Mechanical Strength. Dielectric Capability and Thermal Capacity nnd assures reliable furnace system operation. PC00007698 770337 45-560 O WE A Daacrlpilvs Bulletin Peg* 3 ' 113 @ NPC00007699 770338 Parr 4 M echanical S tre n g th Significant benefits and advantages o f the mechanical atrenglh o f WestinghouM Shell Form-- Form Fh Furnace Transformer design: Up to 40% reduction in weight. 30.to 40% less floo r apace required. As much as 60% less o il volume. a 1G-20% reduction in totel installation costs because o f reduced vault spec end lighter structural support members required fur the transformer. a 30*40% greeter mechanical strength. I Westinghouse Shell Form Fumaco Trans formers incorporate over 70 vaora o f ex perience m areas of design, fabrication and knowledge o f material processing and testing to whtwtend the severe m tchenicel stresses imposed by Arc Furnace service, a W eslingliouse 1res successfully applied I ho mechonicel principals of ehell form, form fit designs to tu m ic e transformers rated in excess o f 176,000 KVA. The problems essodeted w ith furnace trans former mechanical strength and short circuit capability have been receiving increased sttenlion from both Furnace Builders and Users. This attention is w ell Justified by the critical impact o f posaibio transformer thrufault failures on furnace operation. System conditions have been changing In a direction w hich has increased Ihe exposure to. and magnitude of. system faults. Increased system capabilities, larger furnace capacities and reduced effective transformer impedances all land to increase the magnitude of thru-fault currants and tha resulting mechanical strass on the transformer coll system. S hall F o rm -F it C onstruction Tire LV coils In a Shell Form Furnace Trans former ere constructed of solid copper bars w ith welded Joints. Each coil is separately terminated in the LV bushing. F tfvre 1M--LV eotl ( r e a p showing t v s B ar Cot). Tire HV coils in lire shell form design are large surface area pancake colls. Both the HV and LV colls am ossambleg into w inding groups w ith their laces Adjacent to Hat pressbe ad wsthsrs containing a planned pattern o f spacer blocks cemented to fho surfaces giving a ralatrvsly uniform support ayitam fo r tha turns and strands o f tbg HV c o ib and the solid copper bare o f tha LV coils. The comptate phase Is inatnfied v e f catty in tha tank bottom and tire core honxtackeU around it. Tha upper aection o f die lank Is fitted snugly over tha core by thlm mfng under the vertical w ooden slots around the external periphery o f tha core. Figura S M --I V con iro u p show ing prsetboerd toevfatlon washer and apeee* Weeks betw een colle.' Figura 4M --HV c e l greup showing praaakoard tnauiation w sahar end apseer kfseka. Three spcifi design criteria; magnitude of forces, magnitude o f streas and mechanical strength all contribute to the Inherent meehenlcsl capability o f the shell form, form fit design. Figure SM--Tenk bottem aectfen e f a th ree ghees Fvmece Transformer. Figure 1M --MV cell a roup shewing pancake cell. 770339 770340 PegsS M agnitudo o f Forces The total force between transformer w inding groups varies as the square of the ampers turns per group- Thus if the short circuit current is ten times the normal foad current the short circuit force w ill be (10)* or one hundred times the normal laed winding forces. This w ould indicete, ss transformers get Isrger It is desirable to reduce the empere turni pt w inding group to com m i the magni* Hide of total force. This can be cecmptrsbed by increasing the numbar o f w inding groups, ^pmmonly referred to en Increasing the num ber o f h igh -low spaces- Increasing the num ber o f h igh -low spaces does no t increase the svengo mean turn length o f the w ind ings. d|id can be done economically in Shell Form Transformers. To clerily tfiie somewhat, consider H it change in going from a tw o high-tow to a aia hig h -lo w orrengement w ith no other changes. It is w ell to note that w hile each group in the tw o h igh -low arrangement. Figure 8M , sapertene a total fo rte F, the successivo group forest, as w e (riverso the w indings, ere In oppotlta directions end tend to cancel each other. As a result the net to le i restrain ing force F' g w hich must be applied ex ternal to the w indings is only the force c o r responding to b single pair of w inding groups. M a g n itu d e o f th e Stresses In addition to the control o f total force magni tude available in shell form, form fit (urnsea transformers, there Is additional capability fo r keeping the u n it stresses to low er tevets. In transformers the forces throughout the w indings an dbetw een the w indings end Hie core or tank strueturss must be taken by celluknic materials in com ptau io n. If these stresses become excessive the ctlluloslc materials w ill be crushed end the w inding deformed and loosened under thru-fault conditions. The major w inding force com ponent f t per pendicular to the feca of thn pancake colls. Each coll Is uniform ly supported by epacer blocks on its adjacent prassboerd washers. Between spacers the w inding turns act as uniform ly loaded beams as indicated In Figure 10M. The total wfndlnf) force i trans mitted through the group by the compression of the spacer blocks. Since th u shell form design uses large area pancekd coils a large number of epscar blocks ere ejmllebi* to take the total force resulting irf relatively la w untt stresses in the prassbosimboth w ith in the w inding groups end external to the M echanic*! S trength The total force magnitude is reduced considerabfy in the shell form design by use of multiple h igh -low w inding arrangements. Even w ith this advantage it is still essential to have a nigged mechanical structure to w ith stand the ultimate forces encountered, in the shell form design the major components o f force are taken by w e ll braced structures completely outride the w fndfng assembly itttH . The close fitting form -fit tank end eora " assembly both combine to restrain the forces ' on the winding portions w ithin the iron opening. Above end below the core iron targe heavy channels wefded to the tank provide the restraint fo r the remaining portions of the wbrdlngs. Since the bracing structural era com pletely outside tho w inding It is possible to reinforce them w ith o u t the need fo r any compromise* In w inding design. The Weetinghouse Shell Form-- FotmrRt design offers a com bination o f controlled maximum stress arid high mechanical strength to w ith stand the forces produced during fumece operation and during thru-fa ult conditions. If w e kept everything else the seme bu t subdivided the ampere turns from 2 to 6 groups in each winding w e w ould obtain the force relationships Indicated in Figure 9M . The lores on each group is n o w one-ninth Its previous value since lha force varies as the empete-turns squared. F Westfnghousa Shell Form Furnace Trans former* utilize multiple high-low configura tions. Six, eight end ten h ig h -lo w designs ere used es MVA rating* ere increased w ith corresponding reductions In the forces between windings, thus lim iting the total force magni tude on the individual-coils. Figura I M --Section through winding group of a i v o M en -lo w coti arrangement. Wether Ffger* 10M --Section through w inding how tnf p o rtio n o f coM end dfaoattt pre-- ao w ri weeher. i1 i1I I NPC00007702 770341 m 46-660 D WE ft Oeieriptive Bulletin Page 7 Figure I t M -- Ingle ratio Shell Pe NPC00007703 770342 Pape 8 D ielectric. Capability Significant benefits o f the Dielectric Capability of W ostinghouia Stroll Form, Form Fit Furnace Transformers. The inherent high c o il-to -eo il and low coil-to-ground capacitance ratio provides uniform distribution o f surge votrege over the entire coil system. Insulation structures ere predesigned and strategically placed to utilize the oil impreg nated prassboatd insulation in puncture rrflhei then creep for up to 3 0 0 ft additional strength. The effect o f the various overvoltages end high-frequency transient conditions on the windings o f tha transformer is determined by (he characteristics of the particular coil and w inding system. As these transients enter the transformer w inding, the initial voltage distribution w ill be directly determined by the capacitance network o f the coil end w inding system. Oscillations may develop es the transient progresses through the coil system, w hich fo r certain designs may be amplified by the natural oscillation m these systems to a value greeter than the initial crest (Figure 5D). This overvotogo condition may concentrate at some point in the w ind ing, such as the first several turns ni the line and o f Hie w inding end stress Hie turn-toturn insulation in those areas. The coil assembly of a W tstinghauss ShellForm Furnace Transformer consists of a rela tively fe w "pancake" coils w ith a broad crosssectional area and 0 narrow coil edge (Figure 6D ). Since the cap* chan res between coils and from co ll to ground are directly propor tional respectively to the crosa-ssetronsl area o f the coll end the area o f its edge, the ShellForm Coll System has a high coil-to -co il and Taps.end fine end connections are made at the tbp of the coll w ith short predesigned leads ihus m inim iring the effect of localized heating because o f high froldi. The LV coll group bus connections are of neatly uniform length thus eliminating eny Impedance un balance in the bus structure. The design of a pow er transformer requires careful consideration of tire electrical transient overvoltages to w hich the transformer mav be exposed. Transformers for use in electrical arc furnace circuits, because of the nature ond operation of the arc furnact, can experience many more transients than in most oilier electricnI power circuits. The notion of the electric arc. especially during furnace operation in tha early meltdow n state w hen the elec trode currents ere momentarily extinguished and reestablished (Figures ID & 2D ), creotes trarw ent and harmonic voltages. The appli cation of lorge switched shunt capacitor banks for power factor correction in electric arc hrrnaee supply circuits can also lead to a variety nf sw itching transients end cause am plification o f harmonic voltage conditions. r t f u r t 1 D --Oscillogram o f p rim ary phase currants In to an Are Furnace T ransform er during the in itial snail period. MAAW W W W W W W W W w w w w w vvw w w w w v Tire grow ing use o f vacuum switches and breakers in the electric arc furnace 'circuits has raised additional considerations o f over voltage generatinn. Certain vacuum switches have the tendency to prestrike end restrike fFigure 3D ), or to chop current, w hich causes high frequency voltage and current oscilla tions. These uscillotiods represent the ex change of energy between the induetnnccs and capacitances in llie circuit. Where the energy is large anil the capacitances small a high-frequency transient overvoltage can result w hich, w ithout proper transformer characteristics and overvoltage protection, may damage transformer insulation. A /VV W W W W V VW W W V W Figure 2D--Oscillogram o f line-to-ground voltage on tha primary side o f an Are Furnace T ra n sfo rm er during th e IniU al m att p eriod . -fh--m-s--A---X-T-M fl. 1.8 iiu -> p |i,t e A Closed Phase A But Phase B XFM R. 1.8 tw . Wesiinghouse recommends the udb u f surge capacitors, mounted as c lo to ss possible to the HV terminals, to Increase the terminal capacitance and reduce the magnitude of these transient overvoltages. The use o l surge attestors ia elso recommended lo absorb much of the energy in the oscillating circuit and reduce the exposure to the trans former w indings (Figure 4D ). Figure 3D --Oscillogram o f transform er end bus voltages during energisation w ith a vacuum breaker showing m uiiipla prastrlkea and high fraquancy surges. Figure 4 D --U n o -lo -q ro vn d v o lte cross an Arc Futnaes Trenelurmer durine iw g liiK s n w ith a veeuut. me per snejor 8 us per rnefo. NPC00001704 770343 46*680 D WE A Descriptive Bulletin PsgaB law coil-to-ground co p scllin c* (Figure 70).' When the ratio o f the cotl-to-coil capacitance to the coil-to-ground capaci tance is high-- At in the Slwll-Form Iransfonnsr design, ths volioge distribution a c to n tha coil group w ith rapidly rising transient valtega is mors nearly uniform (Figure 8D ). The design o f the Shell-Form Furnace Trsnsformer, employing a number of Identical -- " f" f \1Otw^dfis^f hi 2 1 I | \ dDttsb'tfhtritsirrii i 1! i Vf \i "T S s i iv n in ;o ia 'r1 4u :*} io u SO--Impulse weve smodalFigure sure Ion oscillation*andcl Hlusvsllng D-- 81)^1 HV rterkaof transient condition. In ceil am pllfkallon Figure # Portion of a Form coll group showing pa coll. Ryurs7D--EsuhralantInductano*-Capacftsno*nstworhataSh*llFormwlndtRgactloo. cImmpduhllso*ns,uIi*sc*iuInslcSehnaSllltFl*onrm. winding,Fisls*I Flyura e p s 'lnfttlanihfO MftustiKH nB *1 * typical sis high-low Shell Farm winding. NPcooooyyos 770344 Page W high-low groups and than paralleling of these groups o f w indings (fig u re 9D ) further increases the coil-to -coil capacitance and the capacitance ratio, thus magnifying this inherent design advantage. M ajor Insulation B etw een P ancake Calle The turn-to -tum voltage stresses due to the tnllial application of the transient are thereby reduced in the Shell-Form design insulation system, end the succeeding oscillations de veloped in the w inding are also reduced. The large inherent capacitance of the Shell-Form (jesign causes the natural period o f the w in d ing oscillation to be relatively Jong thus allow ing the transient voltage* to decay to a low value before the w inding oscillations can develop to e significant magnitude. The insulation structure between coils, between coils and cote, end between w inding groups are rnede o f high dtoloctric strength oil impregnated sheets (Figure 10D). Oil spaces sre provided w ith precise relationship to the pressbomd structures to control v o lt age stress concentrations. Special formed insulation pieces are used over the HV coil edges where ihe voltage stresses are highest. This insulation is u tiliie d in puncture rather than creap tor maximum strength. Tire HV pancake coils and I V Bus Bar coils ere arranged to terminate at the top ot the transformer where connections can be made w ith a short lead (Figure 11D). Mechanical bracing of loads con be readily done end because o f the short lead length (he magni tude of circulating currents induced by high fields is minimum. Figure10D--FortIonat ShellFormHVaollgroupehoMrtngoeflandtneuletloneuucunee. HV te ed Term ination The connections from the LV Bus Bar colls are made by flexible connectors of uniform length (Figure 1 2 0 ), thue eliminating any impedance unbalance in the bus structure w hich could cause circulating cunsnla. The inherent design characteristics of'W estinghouse Shell-Form Furnace Transformer* assures its reliable operation. The use of auxiliary devices such as preinserlion resistors w ith the primary vacuum furnace sw itch has not been necessary w ith Westinghouse ShellForm Furnace transformers. Figure 1 2 0 --V iew o f flexible connector freni LV colt to Bue Bar Buihtng In e Shell Form Furnace Transformer. NPC00007706 45-650 D WE A Descriptive Buff#tm Pag 11 Therm al C apability avsrags oil temperature is than 34*C, and if Weslinghouae Sh#M Form Furnace Trans t formers offer significant benefits and advan \ tages In thermal capability: w a adjust the average copper temperature by the 1C (3 4 C -3 3 C - t* C ) w e arrive et the average to p copper temperature o f 66*C. A hot spot atlowsnce o f 4*C m u tt bo applied Maximum cooling efficiency because of due to oil flo w restrictions and conductor oft flo w directly over both sides o f the losses resulting In a hottest spot tempsratum conductor. of approximately 60*C. 5 -1 0*C low er hottest spot tamparetures. As much as 5% Increased insulation life because of reduced conductor temperatures. U p to 10% greater thermal capability both for continuous loading and short firm over load capability. Th# transformer Is a vary efficient device; however, the losses In the electrical circuit end the magnetic circuit generate heat w hich must be dissipated. The transformer oil in addition to being a liquid insulator a#rv*s as a means o f carrying the heat away from the working parts o f a transformer to a heat exchanger w here It cen be disaipated. Tlia efficiency o f the dispersion system deter mines the thermal capability and Insulation life o f a transformer, W en te o " C " In su la tin g OH. 5S8Z2-A 6 (2772) Wsmeo " C " Insulating o il Is a refined mineral o il obtained from the fractional distillation of crudo petroleum. It contains no moisture. Inorganic acid, alkali, free sulphur, asphalt tsr, vegetable or animal oils. It is used as an insulating end heat transfer medium providing s natural end efficient method of transferring the h a il from the electrical elements to the tank walls, radiators o r other heal exchanger. i Insuldur InsufatlonG yxtem # Superior thermal capability is Inherent in W eitinghnuse Shell Fumacn Transformers, because ths HV end LV coils ir e mounted vertically and prattboard insulation washers w ith predesigned spacer Mock pattern we located on either side of ths coil providing an idee) path fo r oil flo w over both sides of the conductor surfaces. The core construction is a s tic k of nenow w id th silicon s ite ! punchInga, thus oil flow ing on either side of the core adequately cools this area and oil ducts w ithin the magnetic circuit are not necessary. The cool oil is forced from th s bottom of the tank, traveling over the conductor surfaces picking up heat so It moves to the top of the rank and then ou t through the heat exchanger, where it cools. The cooled oil re-enters Hie transformer tank fit the bottom (Figure IT ). Forced cooling ts used on furnace trans formers rated above 10,000 KVA to Increase thnir thermal capability and to keep their physical size end w eights w ith in prscticaf limits. The forced cooled units (FOW ) ere designed w ith e single rating using tire pumps tu force the oil flo w through the coil assem bly and out to o w ater cooled heat exchonger. The forced oil circulation virtually eliminates any oil temperature dlKewntfsI ln the trans former tank and substantially lowers coil hot spot temperatures. mTypical temperature characteristics o f a FOW Shall Form Furnace Transformer ere illustrated in Figure 2T. Assuming an average coppei rise fit# top qfUemperatuto w ill be approximately 3 $ 'C and (Ira bottom oil tem perature w ill approach 33*C. The resulting D ays In O il at 1B0' C The introduction o f the Wostinghouse Insuldur insulation system was 8 very significant de velopment in the transformer industry. The Insuldur treatment is a means o f thermally upgrading cellulose insulating materials and results in 12% hlgtrar load ability w hen the transformer is operated at 6G" C overage w inding rise. . The Insuldur treatment stabilizes the cellulose material against oxidation, dehydration and hydrolysis thus enabling the transformer to operate at the higher temperatures w ith o u t sacrificing life expectancy. i NPC00007707 770346 Pag 17 Therm al C apability Figura IT ' Arc Furnace Transformer with U V T Load Tap C h anger (1) Farm Fit Tank Top Section (6) FOW Cooler (2) LV Bus Bar Bushings (7) Tap Changer Interrupter Mechanism (3) LV Flexible Connectors - (8J Tap Changer Compartment (4) HV Bushing (9) Tank Bose (5 ) Inspection Covers s. * (10) HV Tap Changer Leads (11) Preventive Autotransfermar (12) Bridge Structure (13) Coll (14) Insulation Washer (15) Cora t l ( N PC 00007708 770347 Hot Spot A llo w ance 4 ' C .. ' i.V A-l . . . * . . -v - - 45-560 D WE A OcfCHPttve Bulletin Pag* 13 F lg u rn 2T B otto m Oil MX Forced Oil Flow N P C 00007709 770348 PflS 14 Testing Indisputable proof of the reliability of a transtermer and confirmation of its performance charseterrstics is established by test*. All Westinghouse shell form futnaco transformers aro toted in accordance with American National Standards Institute Test Code for Transformers. Shipping Procedures Standard Tacts applied to all units: Resistance measurements of all windings on the rated voltage contraction of each unit _and at the tap frames of one unit only of a .fliven rating on an order. Ratio, Polority and Phase-relation teats on thp rated vottugu connection and Ratio lasts on all lap voltages. No load loss at tatod voltage connection. Exciting currant at rated voltage on the rated voltage connection. Impedance and load loss et rated current on lb* rated votings connection of each unit and on the top extremes of one unit only of a given rating of an ordsr. ANSI Temperature Teat. Temperature test will be made on one unit only of an order covering one or more units of s given rating. Tests will be mods only when there is not available a record ot a temperature teat on a duplicate or essentially duplicate transformer. Applied Potential Test. Westinghouia Shall Form Furnace Trans formers are shipped on depietsad center rail can. In almoit ell cases the transformers are shipped with oil In the tank and with 11 accessory items installed. Items which could be damaged in shipment, such as arresters end surge capacitors, am ramovod from the unit and pocked separately for shipment. Induced Potential Test. Tests which w ill be performed at purchaser's option and at additional cost: * ANSI Impulse Tosts. t #I i f c< 770349 M o to r Operated No Load Tap Changer and Delta/W YE S w itch The Weatinghouse Motor Operated No Load Tap Changer ond Delta/Wye Switch provide veltogo regulation of tlta furnace trenefonner low voltage by tapping out turns in the HV winding. The voltage regulation range is doubled by switching ths HV winding from a DellB to a Wyo connection by means of the Delta/Wya Switch. The standard tap changer has either six or eight available tap positions. The Tap Changer and Delta/Wye Switch are located in a sspanto compartment mounted on the mtin transformer tank. Connections from the transformer winding to tint switching . mechanism are made through an oil-tight * terminal board. The motor and control mechanism are assembled Into a weatherproof compartment which is mounted on Hie and or ths lap changer compartment. A single motor dove operates both the Tap Changer end Delia/ Wye Switch. The number of lap positions and the winding connection on each position it sot si the time the transformer la designed. However, considerable versatility is possible on the voltages svailable to the furnaco operator. Within the limits of the available taps, the number of positions and the voltages available at the furnace control may be preselected by changing the lollin g of the multldeck-iep position switch in the control cabinet. 46-650 D WE A Descriptive Bulltin Page 15 M otor and Control Mechanism. Intsrns) assembly Showing sw itches snrf g ssr driva. NPC00007711 770350 Pape 16 This Wesilnghousa heat exchanger is an. efficient and compact method of cooling types OW, OW/FOW or FOW transformers, li uses double concentric lube construction. The internal (wotorshfo) tube is medo o f 90-10 cupronickel, making use of saline or raw river water feasible. The outer (ollslde) tube is copper w ith extruded coppor fins to provide better heat transfer. Straight tubes promote ease of cleaning. The water boxes on either end are separated from the oil ebell by tw o head sheets which, hove on oir specs between them. The Inside diameter of the outer tube la fluted to provide space for liquid to flow to the outside should a leak occur in either tube. This makes a leek from one fluid to the other virtually impossible and provides a means lor visual Inspection. Both rho oil shell and weterboxea ere of welded steal construction except for a bolted weterbox cover to permit tube cleaning NPC00007712 770351 46*650 D WE A Descriptive Bulletin Paga 17 Oil Circulating Pump The circulating pumps supplied on Westing* house forced-cooled power transformers ere a peeial centrifugal design using clots coupled pump end motor enclosed in a cast iron housing, The oil Row within the Dump is directed to provide bearing lubrication and cooling for the motor stator. The pump is suitable for multiple mourning positions end can be applied to all types or Westlnghouse coolers or radiators. OH Flow Indicator The Wsstrnghouse oil flow indicator is a vane operated instrument designed tor use with each forced oil pump on a transformer. It provides visual indication and confirmation by electrical alarm twitches, of the proper operation of the pump arid adequate oil flow for cooling. Lfquld Level Indicator The liquid level indicator designed for Wastingliouso transformers is a aetl-contslrwd float operated instrument. The indicator is a two part assembly.Tha staled body is attached to the tonk wall and contain! an actuating magnet shaft connected to the float atm Inside tha ironsformer. The betel, or outer assembly, contains the calibrated dial end indicating naedfa. The Indicating needle Is directly connected to a second magnet which is positively displaced by tha rotation of the magnet and float arm aiaambly in tha seated body. Alarm switch as are enclosed in the bezel and alarm leads am terminated in a threaded receptacle from which they can b t connected to remote equipment. No oil leaks can occur sround the instrument because of the sealed body design. The elarm switch leads at brought out through a Unendoti receptacle for connection to remote alarm equipment. NPC00007713 770352 Pape IB l \ W inding Temperature Indicator Tho Westinghouse hottest Bpot temperature indicator is an assembly utilizing a bourdon gauge, callbroted In degrees centigrade, con nected to a bulb by o capillary tube. The indicator is located on the tank, wall at eye level for convenient reading. The thermom eter bulb end a heeling coil me eaaembled in a well located in the hottest oil nepr the top of tho transformer. Currant, proponfonal to the transformer load current. is supplied to the hasting coil by current transformer. This adds an increment of temperature to the thermometer bulb which is equal 10 the winding hot spot rise above hot oil temperature. Thus, the instrument indicates hot spot temperature. Hires switches ere provided in the Instrument to operate forced-cooling control and alarm circuits. Liquid Tam paratura Indicator^ Ths liquid lempeiature indicator is mounted on the transformer tank at aye'favel. The assembly utilises a bourdon gauge counseled to a thetmomeiar bulb by a capillary lube. The thermometer bulb is enclosed in a well located in tha hottest ol) near the top of the tank. Two switebss ere provided in the in strument for operation of auxiliary and alarm circuits. Sveltom i View aT Transformer Showing Mounting of Indicator with Flexible Tuia Ontani Imitam Connection Diagram fo r Current TransIormet and Heating Ceti < NPC00007714 770353 W ater Flow Indicator 4 5 -OSO D W E A Descriptive Bulletin Pope 19 Standard Paint Finish The paint finish on a transformer serves two purposes--to protect the exposed metal surfaces from corrosion end to enhance the appearance of the unit. and rust Inhrbrtive pigment is applied followed by a finish coot of elkyd vehicle and pig ments Both costs of point ere if dried to assure proper curing and adhesion to the metal suifects. Several steps are followed in pointing a Westinghouse transformer and its accessories: The steel plate used to fabricate the tank is thoroughly cleaned of mill scale end corrosion by rotary blasting equipment. A final touch-up cost of alkyd vehicle end pigments is applied to the completed bansformer immediately prior to shipment. Accessory items are painted separately using b similar process. Tire complete tank is thotbletted far removal of weld spatter and oilier surface dirt accumu lated during fabrication. The tank is then psinlml using en "Ahless Spray" prucoss. A primer coat of atkyd vehicle The standard color fnr Weatinghouso furnace transformers is ANSI 70 Light Grey. ANSI 24 Datk Grey is available at no additional cost. Nonstandard colors am also available at additional cost providing the material is compatible whir Wsstinghouse primer. The Weitiughouge Water Flow Indicator is vane operated Instrument designed for use with the FOW cooler. The instrument is located in (he water inlet of the cooler, it provides visual indication and confirmation by electric alarm switches, of the adequate flow of cooling water. The alarm switch leads era brought out through a Itneaded receptacle for connec* tlon to remote alarm equipment. Campl*td Tank In f tistblart Room (or Touch-up Cl*ntn# Application of Faint NPC00007715 770354 Peg 20 HV Bushings Savei aI designs of bushings ere used fur (he HV tarmins Is of Westinghouse Shell Form Furnace Transformers, depending on the BIL and current requirements. All designs comply with industry standards pertaining to electrical nd mschanicat characteristics. RJ Bushings RJ Bushings are applied on transformer windings 15 KV and below. This bushing uses a isad encased in e single place wet process porcelain. A forged aluminum flange is rolled into a groove on tire porcelain over e silicone rubber gasket to form an Integral essemb! y. OS Bushings This bushing is applied in transformers with HV windings through 46 KV-Z50 KV BIL The condsnssr is wound on lha conductor tube using treated kraft paper Metal foil is In terred at appropriate diameters to lorm the condenser. A porcelain wo ether shield is solder serried to Ihe conductor tube and flango to protect the OKinrnsI portion of lha condonser. The space between Hie condenser and weether shield Is filled w ith Wemco C oil. < NPC00007716 770355 45-650 D W E A Descriptive Bulletin Peg* 21 M ulti-Ratio Bushing Type Current Tran*former Ampere Reting Range BOO/5 la 6000/6. 60 Hertz Multi-ratio curranl transformers ere need ee a current source tor relaya and indicating In struments. The current trenatormer* are sup ported by brackets on the lin k caver end utilize the bushing letd es a tingle turn pri mary. Other mounting configurations such as Uw internal transformer bus work or the external portion ol the bushing ere also used. The tap ratios, current ratings ond accuracy conform to ANSI Standards. Taps for multi ratio ratings are available through 5000 amperes: ratings above 5000 ampere* ere generally single ratio. Low Voltage B u t Bar Buehlng The low voltage windings of a Wesringhouse Shell Form Furnace Transformer are termi nated end brought through the cover in e Bus Bar Bushing. The bus bar assembly is cast into a black o l especially prepared resin, having the seme coefficient of expansion as copper, thus eliminating the possibility of cracking due to thermal cycling. Vortical eroep distance is attained by painting the sides of the bets and the surface of the resin block with an epoxy paint. The point provides o smooth glossy surface which pre vents the adhesion uf dirt. The bushing assembly w ill withstand full vacuum end pressure up to 10 PSI, thus preventing moisture and foreign material from entering tha transformer lank. III * I I NPC00007717 770356 Pate 22 R elief Device t Proviilon For P rm u n Relief Valve (RVE only) I t Tj i & ' Cylinder Pressure Gauge In e rta lra ' Equipm ent--Type RBE Wastinghnuse Inertatro equipment assures long transformer fife and negligible oil de terioration by mainieinlnp a cuatilon of dry nitrogen above tha oil ol the transformer. The nitrogen ta supplied from a steal cylinder and is automatically fad into the transformer through e reducing valve whenever the internal pressure in tire tank fails below 4 pound pet square inch. A Mmpfing valve connected to the gas apace provides means o f sampling the gas for oxygen content. A compound pressure gauge indicates Internal tank pressure or vacuum. A ll equipment except (he nitrogen cylinder la enclosed in > weatherproof cabinet with padlocking piovlalons. A relief valve incorporated Into the controls conserves nitrogen in the gas apace by per mitting it to escape Into the atmosphere only when the pressure in the transformer reaches a predattrmined value. * i i. V NPC00007718 770357 Autom atic Rsetting R|lf Davie* The Automatic Resetting Relief Device used on Westinghouse tronslormors Is designed to relieve dangerous pressure which may build up within the transformer tank. When a predetermined pressure is exceeded, the reaction lifts the diaphragm of the relief device and vents the transformer tank. The design features dome-shape diaphragm, compression springs, gaskets and a protective cover. A lightweight plastic semaphore is used to indicate an operation of the relay. An alarm switch with contacts is available for remote signal of art operation. The compres sion springs reset the diaphragm on the gas kets following an operation thus preventing the entry of foreign material into the trans former tank. Com bustible Limit; Relay CLR-1 The Combustible Limit Relay automattcaliv tests the combustibility ot the gas In a power transformer The rainy is specifically designed" for application on transformers equipped with Inertaire Oil Preservation System, and will actuate an alarm circiiit if the combustible gas content over iheipurface of the oil reaches a predetermined level. * Many types ol incipient faults produce com bustible gases as breakdown products of oii or ciganlc Insulating materials in a tunslotmar. Periodic testing of the nitrogen atmos phere over tho ol) will revasl the presence of combustible gases and serve as a warning of impending problems. The relay contains on electrical timer and a solenoid valve, which controls the flow of tii* sample to an aspirator. The aspirator blends sir with the sample to insure oxidation ol any combustible get that may be present. The bland of air and pas sample at* passed Into a gas reaction chamber where any com bustibles are ignited by a healed filament. The filament is connected as ona teg of b bridge circuit and tho additional heat from the combustion of the gas sample raises the temperature of the filament, changes the resistance and unbalances the bridge circuit The meter indication In the bridge circuit is proportions) to the degree of unbalance end the percentage of combustibles in the tamp). Sudden Pressure Relay The Westinghouse Sudden Pressure Relay ta designed to respond to sudden increases in internal gas pressure in a power transformer. Normally, auch pressure increases ere caused by en internal etc and the essodated circuitry of the relay can be arranged to initials alarm and trip circuits, to de-enorgtza the trans former. Damage to tire transformer can be minimized In this way. The relay consists of a pressure sensing bellows, en alarm switch, and e pressure equalizing orifice eil enclosed In sealed cate. The relay Is specifically designed for application with the Inertaire Oil Preservation System. It Is mounted at Ih top of the trans former, at the gai sppee. A Mai-in relay, ratal switch and other asso ciated circuitry are mounted an e panel In the transformer control cabinet A Voltrep* surge suppressor ts connected across tho trip contacts at tho sail-in relay to ptavant extraneous induced volloges in the alarm circuita from causing tale* operadora. The relay if not affected by external machenlcal shock or vibration. A recorder is avertible for application in the relay circuit 1o provide a record of periodic templing. Thu relay and the racordar are optional accessories and can be purchased with the transformer or added in the field to installed transformers. NPC00007719 770358 Westnphoute Electric Corpo**lion Liroe Power Trenstatroor Divhton Munde, Indirne 47305 USA NPC00007720 770359 vsn uf prialy INSTRUCTIONS FDR CAPACITOR UNITS Capacitor Units are designed for use in electrical power systems to improve power factor. They are intended to be'mounted, individually or in groups in open racks, and require no additional protection from the weather under ordinary service conditions. RECEIVING When unpacked, carefully inspect the unit for danage and check the name plate to be sure that the desired rating has been received. File a claim imnediately with the c a r r ie r for any damages sustained in tra n sit and obtain a carrier inspection report. INSTALLATION CAPACITOR RATINGS. Many capacitors are available, including those listed in NEMA Standards; and all meet the requirements of these standards. The naximum continuous operating voltage is 110 percent of the nameplate rating. WHEN INSTALLING CAPACITORS, CHECK THE NAMEPLATE OF EACH UNIT TO SEE THAT IS HAS THE PROPER RATING FOR THE CIRCUIT. MOUNTING CAPACITORS. Standard hanger brackets for one or more units are available and are furnished as a separate item when ordered. When mounted otherwise than in standard hangers, care should-be used to obtain the necessary spacing and clearances. .... ' 4 ,,i:.;. UPc 0 0 0 0 7 7 2 x 770360 The parallel groove connectors will accommodate a.ny combination of two conductors from #12 solid to #1 stranded wire. Terminals should be tightened firmly, but avoid excessive force. TORQUES OK MORE THAN 20 FOOT POUNDS ARE NOT NECESSARY OR RECOMMENDED. THE MINIMUM SPACING BETWEEN LARGE SIDES OF ADJACENT UNITS SHOULD NEVER BE LESS THAN THAT RECOMMENDED BY WESTINGHOUSE. FUSING. A capacitor installation should be fused to remove the equipment from the line in case of a faulty unit. (Fuses are not normally applied for overload protection.) The fuse must have enough thermal capacity to prevent blowing on line surges and charging current. It should also be able to clear the fault quickly to avoid rupture of the capacitor case and consequent damage to other units or equipment. LIGHTNING ARRESTERS AND GROUNDING. The capacitor installation should be protected by distribution type lightning arresters mounted on the same pole as the capacitors connected to a good ground at the base of the pole. The capacitor unit hangers should be grounded by a solid connection to' the lightning arrester ground terminal. m sap NPC00007722 770361 MAINTENANCE The capacitor should be inspected periodically after being placed in operation to be sure that it continues to operate properly. A slight bulge is common and should not be mistaken for a failure. Failed units are not always visibly detectable. Heat loss in the capacitor is dissipated by both convection and radiation. Therefore under normal operation the capacitor will be warm. If a capacitor unit develops a minor leak (no more than a few drops) contact the nearest Westinghouse office regarding the possibility of repair. FIELD TESTS The insulation of a capacitor unit may be checked by applying 110 percent of the rated voltage between terminals or from terminals to case from a suitable ' protected source. For terminal-to-terminal tests, the Kva output of the source must be at least as great as the capacitor Kvac rating. The capacitor may be checked for open circuits or short circuits by applying a low voltage, such as 110 volts from a fused source, and measuring the current. The current drawn by the capacitor should be in proportion to the applied voltage; for example, a 2400 volt unit should draw 110/2400 times rated current if tested on llO volts and rated frequency. For more detailed field test procedures, see NEMA CPI. Over-voltage tests on new units are permissible under certain conditions but are seldom advisable. Advice on allowable voltages and test equipment should be obtained from the factory before this is attempted. CAUTION ALLOW FIVE MINUTES AFTER DISCONNECTING TO PERMIT THE CAPACITOR TO DRAIN THROUffli THE INTERNAL DISCHARGE RESISTOR. THEN FOR SAFETY, SHORT CIRCUIT THE TERMINALS BEFORE HANDLING. NPC00007723 770362 DISPOSAL THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL (PCB). TO AVOID POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, IT SHOULD BE DISPOSED OF ONLY IN SUPERVISED DRY LANDFILL AREAS MEETING STATE REQUIREMENTS OR IN INCINERATION FACILITIES DESIGNED FOR DISPOSAL OF PCB'S. SEE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE GUIDELINE NO. C107.1-1974 (OR LATEST REVISION) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE, 1430 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10018. TRANSPORTATION TO THE DISPOSAL FACILITIES SHOULD BE IN CONTAINERS THAT WILL PREVENT LEAKAGE AND ACCIDENTAL LOSS OF ASKAREL TO THE ENVIRONMENT. CONTAINERS SHOULD BE LABELED AS TO THE CONTENTS AND PRECAUTIONS RELATIVE TO LOSS TO THE ENVIRONMENT. WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION Distribution Apparatus Division Bloomington, Indiana 47401 i ;IVj, ^^v`l* -' **'J 1 VA .." '`VflWt 4 nP C 0 0 0 0 7 7 2 4 770363 1 J american national standards institute, inc Sacratary: atlonal Etactricnl Manufacturar Auociatkon 821 Frftaanth S t, N.tV.. W aihington, D.C., 20005 (202) 347-4848 March 23, 1976 TO: Al l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f m e m b e r c o m p a n i e s IN NEMA'S TRANSFORMER SECTION, AND ALL MEMBERS OF THE TRANS FORMER SECTION'S TECHNICAL COMMITTEES; I ALL REPRESENTATIVES OF MEMBER COMPANIES IN NEMA'S CAPACITOR SECTION, AND ALL MEMBERS OF THE CAPACITOR SECTION'S TECHNICAL COMMITTEE; i )J ALL MEMBERS OF ANSI C107 COMMITTEE ON ASKARELS; ^ i ALL MEMBERS OF THE NEMA TRANSFORMER INDUSTRY/EPA WORKING GROUP 7i 'i Subject: PCB Treatment or Disposal Facilities Gentlemen: ;-f Enclosed is a list of treatment and/or disposal facilities for PCBs which was prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA has asked that we circulate this to you for your information. Sincerely, ;i CRW:pmk Enel. cc: J. H. Motherway C. A. Parris 1 C. R. Willmore Secretary, ANSI C107 * . .. a m i NPC00007725 --. f , 770364 f | J j i . i1 .1 i "i 'l * a I vi a r i . `i J1 iJ :-.1 ' 1.3 ".'l \ -I 3'X ' PCB TREATMENT OR DISPOSAL FACILITIES The firms listed below (not allinclusive) will accept PCBs for treatment or disposal, as noted. The Environmental Protection Agency does not endorse any of these firms and cannot vouch for the enviromental adequacy of their operations. Each ai these . firms has been contacted and reports having the required technical characteristics to adequately handle PCBs, in accordance with.Recommended * Procedures for the Disposal of PCB-Contalning Waste (Industrial Facilities) as published by EPA in the Federal Register. .The appropriate State or EPA Regional Office should be consulted for environmental,suitability of the firm/site. 1. California Class 1 Landfills (a) Casmalla Disposal Site.. . ,. - Santa Barbara, California (905-969-4703) Bulk liquids and drummed materials. (b) BKK Corporation Wilmington, California (213-775-3607)All forms. > (c).Environmental Protection Corporation Bakersfield, California.. v . -. " All forms. . .: '/ (d) County of'Los Angeles <- ' Whittier, California -(2 1 3 7 6 ^9-7 4 1 1 ) Facilities! Palos Verdes ( -1 1j*.: , * a h f o r m a , Calabasas .~- .i . .``.Vi.-.. . .1 i 7-t`* 1 \ . . (d).j- Richmond Sanitary.Service.I - '' . >; J r ' ,, ... 1 * '.Richmond, California (415-234-3304) . i"* !... All forma, . .- "San Diego,.County . San Diego, Califarnid '(7l4-565r5703) ... All'forms. , <-t/V.. --i r .-i . *1 v : - . . -.i . .t/P-f. - / 1* .'k <. , V .V* . JI *, j 1 <> ;i; r * *\ ig)` Ventura County-Dept, of*"Public Works ' ; :; !.^Ventura, California (905-646^2717)- ^ , All formisnC;sl * 1 -' '' ' . "'V . i f '' "' r - -ii"'- 1 *, i - h . , .'v '-' fi.fl ' fr "> 1 * y. ' ;*'** 'i *:?}>' l ' .."v ' . j ' - ' ' * ' ) I'" -. ,,i.; . i-v- JPc0o<, *' * *.* * ! t;. -r f i. Jf1. i ' tf.'.*" : v i r ' .< tf. ' ! *^V. .V W:.1 ... 7 ? 2 6 770365 \ `" i r * ' - ' T: 2. Chemical Haste Disposal Co. Elizabeth, N.J. (201-351-5460) Disposal by Incineration 3. Chem-Trol Pollution Services, Inc. Model City, H.Y. (716-754-8231) Can handle solids and liquids by incineration or land disposal. 4. General Electric Corp.. , Pittsfield, Mass. (413-494-3729) Can handle only liquids and complete transformers. Liquids are incinerated. 5. Hyon Waste Management Services,-Inc. Chicago, 111. (312-646-0016) Can handle solids and liquids by Incineration 6. Monsanto Company. St. Louis, Mo. (800-325-3850) Handles only liquid askarels manufactured by Monsanto Disposal is by incineration. 7. Nuclear Engineering Co., Inc. Louisville, Ky. (502-426-7160) Facilities: Sheffield, Xll. Beatty, Nev. Disposal by landfill. Can handle drummed" liquids . and solids. 8; Hollins Environmental Services' Main Offices Wilmington, Delaware (302-658-6541) .r Facilities: Bridgeport, N.J. Baton Rouge^ La.' .Houston, Texas j ^ ' "t.;" 'W1 Can handle solids and liquids by.incinefcatioh.y ^4'* Tl. itVf 9, Texas Ecologists, Inc. ` ,Robstown, Texas (512-387-351*3V . 'Disposal by landfill. ' 1.' , r * . 'v(. . .. . ; ` %;.>.*];r * * f '-*i* *r. - ' tt - 10. Wes Con, Inc. : Twin Falls, Idaho '(2 0 8 -7 3 3 -0 8 9 7 ) . ^ T v 'y Receive packaged materials. for disposal in mlstfils 1 fU, ' v'silos. I*.* * ,ti ** ,* *,4{~-vai;, '`V v* JI - " / 'r * ' -> *i , - ' J f.' ; ` t, 1 r 1 - . " r" lV'^'V.>"fizFP* ^ ,v+ ;-:*r^ -A MN PP rCn0n0n0n0n7n7o2n7 S5fi& 770366 amencan national standards institute, inc. Addrvat Secretary at: National Electrical Manulacturart A--ociation 156 E t 44th St.. New York. N. Y. 10017 Telephone: 212-682-1600 May 8 , 1 9 7 5 TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE, C107, ON USE AND DISPOSAL OF ASKAREL AND ASKARELSOAKED MATERIALS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SUBJECT; STATUS OF EPA ACTIVITY ON TOXIC POLLUTANTS Gentlemen: As you are aware, the Chairman has been withholding the call for the next meeting until the required announcement of EPA's expected revised levels for polychlorinated biphenyls and sche duling of a new round of Hearings is made in the Federal Register. It is understood that the announcement may not be forthcoming until the EPA has completed the evaluation stage required under the applicable public law. For your information of what is involved in this evaluation, in general and specifically for toxic pollutants, a copy of the third draft of EPA's Water Quality Strategy Paper is attached as EXHIBIT "A". As an indication of the problems facing the EPA in its strategy planning, a copy of the minutes of a recent EPA meeting with Staff representatives from NEMA and other leading industry Associations is attached as EXHIBIT "B". Also, for your information, the Chairman of ANSI C107 at tended a recent meeting of EPA's Effluent Standard and Water Quality Information Advisory Committee, on the establishment of Workshops to be scheduled in selected industries, in order to develop inputs for EPA's evaluation program. As developments in this work that would be of interest to this Committee arise, you will be kept informed on them. AMS:dk Att; C C : K. Adgate J.J. Cawley M.A. Pisciotta J. T. Mack (EIA) S'.L. Sherr NPC00007728 770367 american national standards institute, inc. Addriw G m ify : Nrtowi ElaetiW Mmifacturan Am c M ot IBS Eift 44th St, Nm York, N. Y, 10017 Tcttphom: 212*882*1600 August 18, 1972 TO ALL MEMBERS OP THE ANSI COMMITTEE, C107, OR DSE ARC DISPOSAL OF ASKAREL AND ASKARBL-gQAKEP MATERIALS_________________ (SEE APPENDIX #1 FOR ROSTER OF MEMBERSHIP) SUBJECTi MEETING NOTICE G en tlem en > The Chairman, Mr. W. P. Papageorge, haa called a M e t i n g for Tuesday, October 3, 1972. At the invitation of Dr. Stanley P. Waaik, of the National Bureau of Standards, the meeting will again be held at the NBS facilities in Gaithersburg, Md. The M e t i n g will convene at 9 00 A.M. and it is anticipated that the agenda should be completed by 4s00 P.M., at the latest. As in the case of the Organisation meeting, luncheon will also be available in the NBS cafeteria. Me have M d e arrangements for a tentative block of rooms for oefc-ef-towners.for lata arri val on the night of Monday, October 2, 1972, at the Sheraton Hotel in Silver Springa, Maryland. ALL MEMBERS ARB URGED TO FILL OUT THE ATTACHED RESERVATION CARD AND FORNARD IT TO THE HOTEL IMMEDIATELY. Limousine service to this hotel la readily available at the Waehington National Airport and tha MBS will again provide bueee for the morning trip to the NBS and the afternoon return trip directly to the airport. All-members ere requested to assemble In the lobby of the hotel et fli30 A.M. sharp or the morning bus. The purpoae of the meeting Is to review tha endoaed draft proposal for "Guidelines for Handling and Disposal of Capacitor and Transformer Grade Askarels Containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls" and take appropriate action with respect to it. This draft was only recently completed by the Capacitor and Trans former Working Groups, the rosters of which are given in APPENDICES #2 and #3, respectively, for your information. The Chairman URGES all members to carefully review the draft ahead of the meeting to assure that the time spent at the meeting by all of us will be as productive as possible. Towards this end, any questions that members wish to have ans wered ahead of time should be rushed to the hairmen of the Working Groups. so that they will be better prepared to help clear the way for positive action. - d ----------- * '.'Ml --A V/ti " ------------ -- i w g n NPC00007729 770368 A limited number of extra copie of th draft are available* for those who muat clear then with other in thsir respective Organisation, in view of the rather close aiming before tfie meeting, all request " h g ^ l d *** ruahed to the Secretary by totegram or telephone IMMEDIATELY. You ere also URGED to fill out and return the attached attendance card to the Secretary IMMEDIATELY. Looking forward to seeing you at the meeting, I remain. Sincerely yours. AMS:dk E n c. Att: CC: J.O. Gustafson (Bailey Meter Company) E.G. Hammer R.J. Mindlin (National Cash Register Co.) R.L. Rollins T.K. Sloat H.P. Michener (w/o enclosure) J.G, Werner J.J. Xark C.A. Parris " i -2 vV *vd0H* '* UPC00007730 770369 PERSONNEL OF ANSI COMMITTEE, C107 ON USE AND DISPOSAL OF ASXAREL AMP ASXAREL-SOAKEP MATERIALS SCOPE Procedures .and guides for the safe use, main tenance and disposal of askarel and askarelsoaked materials used in electrical equipment. CO-SECRETARIATSi MONSANTO-NEMA ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARIAT i NEMA CHAIRMANS W. P. Papageorge Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MO. 63166 314-694-1000 SECRETARY: A. M. SALAZAR, NEMA ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED : NATIONAL Certified Ballast Manu facturers Assoc. (CBMA) Electric Light & Power (ELF) NAMEAND BUSINESS AFFILIATION N. R. Clark Universal Manufacturing Company 902 Crescent Ave. Bridgeport, Conn. 06607 203-336-0161 Dr. A. Pozefsky General Electric Company Industrial & Power Capaci tor Products Dept. John Street Hudson Falls, N. Y. 12839 518-747-3341 P. R. Lengefeld Union Electric Co. Box 149 St. Louis, Mo. 63166 314-621-3222 H. A. Onishi Commonwealth Edison Co. 1319 So. First Ave. Maywood, 111. 60153 312-294-4321 Alternate: J. p. haricey Edison Electric Institute 90 Park Ave. New York, N. Y. 10016 212-986-4100 APPENDIX #1 UPC00007731 770370 ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED Electronic Industries Association (EIA) NAME AND BUSINESS AFFILIATION Arnold s. Doty. Technical Services Laboratory P. R. Mallory 6 Co. Inc. P.O; Box 706 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 317-261-1621 Institute of Electrical a Electronic Engrs. Inc. (IEEE) National Elec'l Mfrs. Assn. (NEMA) E. L. Raab General Electric Company Power Distribution Division 100 Hoodlawn Ave. JPittsfield, Mass. 01201 W. S. Grogan Power Distribution Division Allis-chalmers Corporation Columbus a Preble Aves. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15233 413-494-4385 412-322-4400 - R. D. McClain Westinghouse Electric Corporation. P.O. Box 341 1 Bloomington, Tnd. 47402 812*332-4421 Ken McGee Sangano Electric Company P.O. Box 359 Springfield, 111. 62705 217-544-6411 W. c. Reinhardt Central Moloney Transformer Division Colt Industries P.O. Box 101 St. Louis, Mo. 63166> 314-383-3300 H. R. Rows McGraw-Edison Power Systems Division P.O. Box 160 So. Milwaukee, His. 53172 414-762-2500 GOVERNMENT department of the Army D. M. Crabtree Facilities Engg. Division Office of the Chief of Engineers Department of the Army Washington, D. C. 20314 202-693-6567 Environmental Dr. Kenneth J. Hood i Protection Environmental Protection Agency Agency - Measurements & Instrumentation Branch Washington, D. C. 20460 202-522-1972 - 2- NPC00007732 770371 ''' N \ ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED NAME AND BUSINESS AFFILIATION General ~ : Charles b. Travis Service* Federal Supply Service, Room 511 Administration General Services Administration Washington, D. C. 20406 National Bureau of Standards Aaroa J. Woloshin Office of Environmental Affairs General Services Administration Washington, D. C. 20405 Dr. Stanley P. Waslk National Bureau of Standards Room A145 Chemistry Building Washington, D. C. 20234 Rural Elec trification Adminis tration Dr. John Leutritz, Jr. Timber Products Specialist Distribution Engineering Branch Power Supply, Manager and Engg. Standards Division Rural Electrification Administration Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. 20250 Tennessee Valley Authority William R. Nicholas Division of Environmental Research and Development Office of Health and Environmental Science Tennessee Valley Authority Chattanooga, Term. 37401 INDIVIDUALS H. A. Alsentzer Rollins-Purle Inc. P.0. Box 2349 Wilmington, Delaware 19899 P. G. Benignus Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 63166 314-694-1000 C. W. Hart Rollins-Purle Inc. P.O. Box 2349 Wilmington, Delaware 19899 A. O. Hauser Electrical Utilities Company 2427 St. Vincent Ave. La Salle, 111. 61301 - 3- ; NPC 00007733 770372 \ ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED x n d i v x d (iXl & NAME AND BUSINESS AFFILIATION Jules S. Lapldes Gilbert Associates, Inc. 525 Lancaster Ave. Reading, Pa. 19603 215-376-3673 Dr. E. M. Moore Electrical Utilities Company 2427 St. Vincent Ave. La Salle, 111. 61301 815-223-1732 W. p. Papageorge Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 63166 314-694-1000 A. L. Rickley Doble Engineering Company 32 Locust Street Belmont, Mass. 617-489-2830 Louis E. Wagner Chem-Trol Pollution Services Inc. 4816 Lake Ave. Blasdell, N. Y. 14219 P. Williamson Rollins-Purle Inc. P.O. Box 2349 Wilmington, Delaware 19899 - 4- H PC 00007734 770373 (JN n c ANSI COMMITTEE, C107, -- TM B DISPOSAL OP ASKAREL-SOAKED MATERIALS CHAIRMAN] N. R. Clark Universal Manufacturing Co. 902 Crescent Ave. Bridgeport. Conn. 06607 (203-336-0161 A. S. Doty Technical Services Laboratory P. R. Mallory 7 Co. Inc. Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 (317-261-1629) Dr. A. Posefsky General Electric Company Dr. E. M. Moore Electrical Utilities Company 2427 St. Vincent Ave. La Salle, 111. 61301 (815-223-1732) H. A. Onishi Commonwealth Edison Co. 1319 So. First Ava. Maywood, 111. 60153 (312-294-4321) E. G. Hammer McGraw-Edison Power Systems Division P.O. Box 160 So. Milwaukee, Mis. 53172 (414-762-2500) R. D. McClain y/wr-y. Westinghouse Electric Corp. P.O. Box 341 Bloomington, Ind. 47402 (812-332-4421) Dr. A. Posefsky General Electric Company Industrial k Power Capacitor Prods. Department John Street Hudson Falls, N. Y. 12839 (518-747-3341) R. L. Rollins Jard Company Inc. Bennington, Vt. 05201 (802-442-3173) Ken McGee Sangamo Electric Company P.O. Box 359 Springfield, 111. 62705 (217-544-6411) G. Benignus nsanto Company 0 N. Lindbergh Blvd. . Louis, Mo. 63166 14-694-1000) ex o rn c io W. P. Papageorge Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 63166 (314-694-1000) APPENDIX 2 . Ml . if*-* isSK SPC 0000T735 . >*0.- -- 770374 * WORKING GROUP ON TRANSFORMERS OF THE ANSI COMMITTER, C107, ON USE AND DISPOSAL OF ASKAKEL-SOAKEP MATERIALS CHAIRMAN: . E. L. Raab General Electric Company 1M. Crabtree cilities Bngg. Division fice of the Chief of Engineers partment of the Army shington, D. C. 20314 02-693-6567) W. C. Reinhardt Central Moloney Transformer Division Colt Industries P.O. Box 101 St. Louis, Mo. 63166 (314-383-3300) 'S. Grogan all Power Department lis-Chalmers Corporation lumbus & Preble Aves ttaburgh, Pa. 15233 12-322-4400) R. Lengefeld ion Electric Co. 0. Box 149 Louis, Mo. 63166 14-621-3222) A , L. Rickley Doble Engineering Co; 32 Locust St. Belmont, Mass; 02178 (617-489-2B30) T. K. Sloat Westinghouse Electric Corporation Sharpsville'Ave. Sharon, Pa. 16146 (412-981-1611) L. Raab emical 6 Processes Section neral Electric Company p Woodlawn Ave. ttsfield, Mass. 01201 13-494-4385) G . Benignus nsanto Company 0 N. Lindbergh Blvd. . Louis, Mo. 63166 14-694-1000) EX OFFICIO W. P. Papageorge Monsanto. Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 63166 (314-694-1000) APPENDIX #3 N PC00007T36 770375 PCBD TECHNICAT n o CUftrENTS gri?TrrN PFNO: 7 7 0 3 6 8 " >7o_?7.5 DSNO: vJfc-oCOOV7l\~ COOO EXNO: TYPE; AUTH: ^^ INST: E TITL: SvAUo. F/vtWwj K>OHcc PAGS: % DATE: /'Ztf&iSi DIRC: SRCE: w e * Pr ' KWDS: C < y u L 4\o * /fa& c io ? pM vU y KNMS: M**'*>y m*h*-*1 FUJI: bPC'.ro rAAr O oC'+ -> 5te^ e,/l^ j .t m kW > FLD2: / ^ i y /m *r ^ cc > s I. AV^j/ac) ' '^ / c Cl it fi - f t t i ^ cJ J COMM: <>#. 107 ^ ^ J ^ s . U 4K cf ul:>tl^ ^ lo /3/? Z '} pjrpc* rrv U 770 370- 7 5 0 3 7 S - C c * f X cj rW -f--t'i-.j-vsA: <'fvvi,x a: c:\docs\iech.doc american national standards institute, inc. C107 ; A d d / * S acrvttry : Nsttanal Elwtriesl Manufactura* Association .155 East 44th St., Naw York. N. Y. 10017 Taiaphont: 212 082-1500 October 4, 1974 TO ALL MEMBERS OF THE ANSI COMMITTEE, C107* ON USE AND DISPOSAL OF ASKAREL AND ASKAREL-SOAKED MATERIALS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SUBJECT; PRELIMINARY NOTICE FOR NEXT MEETING Gentlemen: Mr. W. P. Papageorge, Chairman, anticipates that the EPA will soon issue new levels for toxic pollutants, including PCB's, which will be the subject of new EPA Hearings, during the month of January, 1975. It was the consensus at Monsanto's Dielectrics Seminar, held on September 23, 1974, in St. Louis', that the ANSI Cl07 Committee should provide the forum for review of developments and interchange of opinions, in preparation for the new Hearings. In view of the above and other open agenda items,, the Chairman requested me to issue this notice and URGE all members to mark their calendars for a meeting, possibly in the early part of January, 1975. You will be informed of the exact date, as soon as the schedule for the new EPA Hearings becomes available. Your cooperation is requested in providing me with, (1) a list of dates in January that you would be available for a meeting and, (2) any roster changes that may have occurred since the last meeting. A postcard and a copy of the current roster is attached for this purpose. AMS:dk Atts NPCO0007737 TV 770376 ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED: Electronic Industries Association (EIA) Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engrs. Ine. (IEEE) National Electrical Mfrs. Assn. (NEMA) / -i- i GOVERNMENT Department NAME AND BUSINESS AFFILIATION Arnold S . Doty ! Technical Services Laboratory P. R. Mallory & Co, Ine. P.O. Box 706 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 (317-261-1621) E L * Raab General Electric Company Power Distribution Division 100 Hoodlawn Ave. Pittsfield, Mass. 01201 (413-494-4385) Dr. K. C. Chang Central Moloney Transformer Division Colt Industries P.O. Box 101 5t. Louis, Mo. 63166 W. S. Grogan Power Distribution Division Allis-Chalmers Corp. Columbus & Preble Aves. Pittsburgh, Pa. 15233 (412-322-4400) R. D. McClain Westinghouse Electric Corp. P.O. Box 341 Bloomington, Ind. 47402 (812-332-4421) H. R. Rowe McGraw-Edison Power Systems Division 1520 Emerald Rd. Greenwood, So. Carolina 29646 _ (803-223-2311) Alternate : Ken McGee Sangamo Electric Company P.O. Box 359 Springfield, 111. 62705 (217-544-6411) ~ D. M. Crabtree Facilities Engg. Division Office of the Chief of Engineers Department of the Army Washington, D . C . 20314 (202-693-6577) CLASSIFICATION (SEE SUMMARY) M S M M M G 2- - OTC00001738 % ____^ s s s a m m m 770377 ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED GOVERNMENT (CO N T'D ) Environmental Protection Agency NAME AND BUSINESS AFFILIATION CLASSIFICATION (SEE SUMMARY) Dr. Kenneth J . Hood Environmental P r o t e c t i o n Agency Measurements t In strum entation Branch Washington, D. C. 20460 (202-522-1653) G General Services Admi n i r t r - i t i o n C h a r l e s C. T r a v i s F e d e r a l Supply S e r v i c e , Room 511 General Services Administration Washington, D. C. 20406 G National Bureau of Standards Dr. S t a n l e y P. Wasik National Bureau of Standards Room A145 Chemistry B u i l d i n g Washington, D. C. 20234 G Rural Elec trification Administration Dr. John L e u tr itz , J r . Timber Products S p e c i a l i s t D istribution Engineering Branch Power Supply, Manager and Engg. Standards D ivision Rural E le c trific a tio n Administration Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. 20250 G Tennessee Valley Authority W ill ia m R. N ic h o la s Division of Environmental Research and Development O f f i c e o f Health and Environmental S c i e n c e Tennessee Valley Authority Chattanooga, Tenn. 37401 G RollinsPurle Inc. H. A. A l s e n t z e r Rollins-Purle Inc. P.O. Box 2349 ' Wilmington, Delaware 19899 S Electrical U tilities Company A. 0 . Hauser E l e c t r i c a l U t i l i t i e s Company 2427 S t . V incent Ave. La S a l l e , 1 1 1 . 61301 (815-223-1732) M Alternate: Dr. E. M. Moore Gilbert Associates Inc. R. J . S c h a t z Gilbert Associates, 525 L a n c a s t e r Ave. Reading, Pa. 19603 (215-376-3873) Inc. S - 3- N PC00007739 770378 ORGANIZATION REPRESENTED Monsanto Company Doble Engineering Company Chem-Trol Pollution Services Inc. NAME AND BUSINESS AFFILIATION V.P. Papageorge Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, Mo. 63166 (314-694-1000) A. L. Rickley Doble Engineering Company 32 Locust St. Belmont, Masa. (617-489-2830) Louis E. Wagner Chem-Trol Pollution Services Inc. P.O. Box 200 Model City, N. Y. 14107 (716-754-8231) SUMMARY M Manufacturers u:t Utilities s Specialists G Government 9 2 5 6 22 CLASSIFICATION (SEE SUMMARY) M S s 4- HPCOOOOT740 ..... 770379 National Efactrfeal M anufacturai? Aaaoclaflon 15S East 44th Streal New York, N.Y. 10017 * 212-682-1500 May 2 4 , 1971 F i l e : 11.C107 TO THE NEMA REPRESENTATIVES ON THE ANSI C107 COMMITTEE S u b je c t: NEMA R e p re s e n ta tio n on ANSI S tan d ard s Committee on D isp o sal o f A sk a re l Used ____________ in E l e c t r i c a l Equipm ent, C107 Gentlemen: I assume t h a t you have a lre a d y r e c e iv e d a copy o f my May 4 th l e t t e r n o t i f y in g you o f your appointm ent to th e s u b je c t C107 Committee. In th e a tta c h m e n t, w herein th e NEMA d e le g a tio n was l i s t e d , we e rro n e o u s ly l i s t e d Mr. R, D. M cClain o f W estlnghouse a t Sharon, Pa. in lie u of Bloomington, lnd. A tta ch e d i s a c o r r e c t e d l i s t i n g o f th e NEMA d e le g a tio n on C 107. . attach . c c : D. L . P ey to n - ANSI W. B . p a p a g e o rg e , Chrmn. C107 Conn. A. M. S a l a z a r , S e c y . C107 & TR S e c t . C. A. P a r r i s - CP S e c t . J . J . Kark A ssistan t - Engineering E n gin eerin g and S a fe ty R egulations Department NPC00007741 770380 ANSI STANDARDS COMMITTEE ON DISPOSAL OF ASKAREL USED IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT. C1Q7 SCOPE: Procedures and guides f o r the sa fe u se , m aintenance and d is p o s a l o f a s k a r e l and a s k a re l-s o a k e d m a te r ia ls used in e l e c t r i c a l equipment. NEMft DELEGATION: W. C . R e in h a r d t, Chairman NEMA D e le g a tio n C e n tra l Moloney T ransform er D ivision , C olt In d u stries F . 0 . Box 101 S t . L o u is , Mo. 63 1 6 6 D. E , A llen A llis-C h alm ers ttfg. Co. Columbus & P r e b le A ves. P ittsb u rgh , Pa. 15233 J . F . Kuzela R. D. McClain H. R, Rowe Sangamo E l e c t r i c Company F . 0 . Box 359 Springfield, 111. 62705 Westinghouse E l e c t r i c Corp. P , 0 . Box 341 Bloomington, Ind. 47402 McGraw-Edison Power Systems D ivision P , 0 . Box 160 So.'M ilw aukee, W ise. 53172 5/4/71 I I NPC00007742 I 770381 1 X t#T 2* v ^ " U-i NTERnBIP CAPACITOR CAUTION THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL m i'll. WHICH STUDIES SHOW MAY BE AN E.'IVIIIOHMtriTAL UUiilAM!flA!iT?CARE MUST BE TAKEH TO PREVENT ANY E llin v TO THE ENVIRONMENT. DISPOSAL SHOULD BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH STATE: AND FEDERAL LAWS. * VVestir;gfiouseElc-Tr:cCarpcratioti 153PQ33H01 MADEJHU.S.A. iik h 'ep L C -Z C iC ^ r C .iS r - ' .0 1 1 * 7 ^ . sr/i/tJLCss stzcl, /?3 7 7 ^ - ri') . . . i n , / ; : ru ! ^ H r e c u s e " 4 r o & r A /* h v c ? i - A L L O T H Z & LS T T /Z f(/G fo j fr-U C C h i t//iiV ;Z s 'L h 6 3 & U A 1 0 . Z fy * C e r u c c t J c r /jr /r te s 0.1/ e c G c r ! */& "C jT t iie n t / C C fJ r S fT ' 5 O r*& L X C ' J s S & c r n o C * C > iZ o p v c z .*> c 'z " x r * o r Fn=p 27 n ? *T Suppliers N'oi:?:- Hoturn this Orii:I:...L A v U .v :in u v 'jd ia tT '. / :: '.V;: *U*-* Electric Ccrpoi-.Uion. Printing Eivi^Hm, Truf.'jru. l*a. 1 5 0 'j Atuu. *i Dcut. APPROVAL J jtZ a ji' J C n v. ;>>. i o \ 7 v C tfr fti'u g ,, $ ' 'j{ i ( 3 .! ? ' * / ? a . ' , /' ;v : ,, NPC00007215 ' 769854 ~>-- CA PA CI TO RS - PRZSZh'T STATUS Because of the pressure to phase out the use of ?C3s in capacitors, for environmental reasons, and because the prospective Introduction of a substitute raises many questions which a number of organizations and agencies are going to have to face and to resolve collectively, we believe it is useful tc taice time for a brief ove rview of ou: proouc w soT.e of its prir.c Ipal features, and why it as It is He are gel :** -o need to weigh carefully ti feasibility of, and the effect of deviating from the present product, whether the deviation be in size, reliability , fire resistance cr whatever; in order to do that, we need to hr.cv (*t *V ' qb * J '* **4ow*./*^ ^ h^ ^ **| ^ > Wl>t f Alr.cst all capacitors made for alternating : - . 2 "'JCat^ c * ~ c"" U ''",t*d Spates are ^roremr. at**! **I* i TM vccular variety of polychlorinate ` ''; -: ' '?** y Monsanto, and identified .by the t: -.pscitor manufacturers adapt this material :: processing procedures, with cr without additive: , :r.eir dielectric lie.lids b*/ such trade r.?mc-.s * Un a generic term for this type of dielectric liquid is as.:areU This part icular variety of ?C3 has been used by the incustry since about the first of 1972. The prir.c i r.ce from i-s-s predecessor (Ar o d o r 12^2) is that most of NPC00007216 769855 boiling homologues have been removed, leaving the lover chlori nated and therefore more biodegradable fractions. The family of polychlorinated biphenyls have charac teristics which make them suitable for a wide variety of uses, which in the past have resulted in widespread entry into the environment, At present, usage is limited almost entirely to transformers and capacitors where Aroclors have been used since the early 1930s, Aroclor 1016 has a unique combination of several different characteristics which make it especially suited for use in AC capacitors, The most important of these, which are shared by no other known potential alternative, are: 1, High (approximately 5) dielectric constant, which results in small size, and efficient utilization of other caoscitor msterials such as electrical grade kraft paper and aluminum foil, 2, High stability to electrical, trerv.e*. anchemical stresses, which result ' life and reliability, 3, Fire resistance, It has a " 3 5 8 ?, no fire point to its of 52C3", and has a VI- clas . ' Thus, eapaci tors inoregnated vit.t this material arc oharacterltad by small siz e, long life in service, exceptional reliability, and safety-* All of these factors are important from the economic standpoint, but the last one mentioned: safety, has a special NPC00007217 769856 Importance in many of the applications for the type of capa citors we call "small industrial". As you no doubt know, these capacitors are used in the home in devices such as TV receivers, air conditioners, microwave ovens and the larger dehunidifiers ,and in whole host of commercial and industrial applications such as ballasts for fluorescent and high intensity discharge Ce.g. mercury and sodium vapor) lamps, Because cf the compelling economic and safety con siderations, the capacitor industry has spent untold millions of unit hours in testing the product which has evolved into present-day small industrial capacitor designs. The resulting product has ar. overall survival rate of mere than in the 12 to 15 vear design life demanded by the caoacitor users, with year1** **a* 'u''* **ates of very substantial!*^ less thr.n one percent, Even so, un fcrese en cireurnstano ss have resulted ^ ^r+ s1f* H^ failure rates in car Capacitor manufacturers are "*-- "" familiar existing materials and -orocesses , - ' - c J evalu ftions before introducing into produc;. - . designs which represent seemingly modest departures fre :. pas, practice. One accroach to oroduct safety ha3 beer, to incarcera* evices, either j*, *l!'6 V," u ;i'cr.i z he" - ,,4 fc. 4 t</hich c% A * 2.^9 jc 2 , Exancle.: - ernally 3ensit ive c 4 rcu1 interrupters sometimes used in fluorescent lamp ballast capacitors, and electrical fuses either built-in cr use in the external cir-- NPC0000721B 769857 cult of capacitors used in air conditioners Aside fron considerations of providing protection against damage to associated devices, the intent of such protective means is to prevent rupture of the can in the event of capacitor failure. Because with the present ?C3 impregnant the fire hazard from can rupture has been regarded as minimal, such protection ha3 not teen used very extensively in the past few years, In summary, small industrial capacitors are a tried and proven product which is made from readily available materials, are relatively small, inexpensive, reliable and fire resistant, and we have literally hundreds of millions of then operating successfully as components in a wide variety of domestic, commercial and industrial equipment, Ir. the sue sequent di -eva sion, we will be reviewing a variety of points, including wh. it arrears to he nc-cessarv to ma>e a significant charge, MRC/h 3/1/76 N , Clarh Universal ::an.: ufor a ; . NPC00007219 769858 Contact: J. P. Daley Telephone: (12) 255-2363 FOR USE: At Will PITTSBURGH, Nov. 21 -- Since the late 1930's/ the electrical industry has supplied transformers using askarels which contain rCB.'s (polychlorinated biphenjls) for use In installations where a high degree of fire resistance Is required, such as schools, hospitals and high-rise buildings. In addition, aajc 'ppllcaticr.s of FOB'S were carbonless paper, fire resiste:.: hydraulic flu* heat transfer fluids and plasticizers, tiercover, rapazittrs :c'.t.ai': j PCS * are used in fluorescent lighting `-all? -.1-? :cnJ.?' --*-g and television receivers. In late 1970 studies z z _ .persist and accumulate in the environment, Since that tire. has attached an addititnal idenzifying 'v *1 tc e-tv ` ` WestI.-.jh:use said reran: z s j z j it . v s oil-filled transferrers nay contain varying concentrations :f PCI's, The company said the presence of PCB's in mineral oil does r.ot affect the performance of the transformers. - more - NPC00007220 769859 PCB's In O i l - F i l l e d Transformers 2 Currently there are no nationally established standards for allowable levels of PCB's in oil for closed electrical systems. A number of states have recently enacted legislation providing for special reporting, labeling and/or disposition of PCB's. Because legislation varies in different states, it is suggested that customers institute any special procedures which may be required for conformance. In addition,, when performing repair, routine mainteneLT.ee or disposal, oil-filled transformers 3hould be checked for the presence of PCS. On November 3, the National Electrical lianufacturers Association (NIMA) commissioned a special task force to study the possibility that PCB's may be present in detectable quantities in oil-filled electrical apparatus ar.d oil-storage systems for electrical insulating oil. I#210-71.^ -1176- HPC00007221 - * 769860 PROPOSED PRESS RELEASE PCB's PRESENCE IN OIL-FILLED TRANSFORMERS S in c e the l a c e 1 9 3 0 's , Che e l e c t r i c a l in d u s try has su p p lied t r a n s fo rm e rs using a sk a re ls which contain PCB's (P olych lo rin ated Biphenyls) for use In I n s t a l l a t i o n s where a high degree o f i r e r e s i s t a n c e i s r e q u ir e d , such as s c h o o l s , h o s p i t a l s and h i g h - r i s e b u i l d i n g . In a d d i t i o n , major a p p l i c a t i o n s o f PCB's were carb on less paper, f i r e r e s i s t a n t h yd rau lic f lu id s , h eat tr a n s f e r f l u i d s and p l a s t i c i z e r s . Moreover, c a p a c i t o r s c o n ta in in g PC3's a r e used in f lu o r e s c e n t l i g h t i n g b a l l a s t s , a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g com pressors, and t e l e v i s i o n receivers. In l a t e 1970 s t u d i e s began to i n d i c a t e t h a t ? C 3 's had a renden: p e r s i s t and accumulate in the environm ent. S i n c e t h a t time, a s t i r .; has attached an a d d itio n a l id e n t if y in g label tc each T '! : - - ; '. - 1 . shipped. Westinghouse said recent t e s t s i : f i l l e d tr a n s fo r m e r s may c o n t a in v ary in g : c r , . I : . t PCB's The ctmr.ar.v said the tresar.ce o z ~-".3 s in ttu .=r.':. t i l te e s n . : the performance or Che transform ers. NPC00007222 769861 Currently there are no n a tio n a lly e s ta b lis h e d standards fo r allow able l e v e l s o f FCB's in o i l fo r c lo se d e l e c t r i c a l sy ste m s. A number o f s t a t e s have recen tly enacted le g is la tio n providing fo r sp ecial rep ortin g , lab elin g and/or d isposition of FCB's. Because le g isla tio n varies in d ifferen t s ta te s , i t i s suggested t h a t eus tenners I n s t i t u t e any s p e c i a l p roced ures which may be required fo r conformance. In a d d i t i o n , when performing r e p a i r , r o u t in e m aintenance or d i s p o s a l , o i l - f i l l e d tra n s fo rm e rs should be checked f o r the p re sen c e o f FOB. On November 8, the N a tio n a l E l e c t r i c a l M an u fac tu rers A s s o c i a t i o n (NEMA) commissioned a s p e c i a l ta s k f o r c e to study the p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t ? C 3 's may be present in d e te c ta b le q u a n titie s in o i l - f i l l e d e l e c t r i c a l apparatus anc o il-sto ra g e systems for e le c tr ic a l insu lating o il. 4 NPC00007223 *- 769862 /N if r;*r` Sharon Works, ML-017 \y-i 224-4387 May 7, 1970 IN'ERTEZN Environmental Contamination Power Transformer Engineering Managers D is tr ib u tio n Transformer Engineering Managers D is tric t Engineers M. & R. Shop Managers E le c tric Service Engineers We should a l l be fam ilar with the attached n o t i f i c a t i o n received February 18, 1970 from the Monsanto Company on the above s u b je c t . They are the s o le manufacturer of a s k a r e ls which includes INEREEN used in various types of Westinghouse transform ers and c a p a c it o r s . A skarels are s y n th e tic in s u la t in g f l u id s made by the c h lo r in a t io n o f a r e l a t i v e l y common chem ical, bi-p h en y l. (P o ly ch lo rin ated 3i-p h en y l) (PCB). I t nas beer, v e i l e s ta b lis h e d by several l a b o r a t o r ie s th a t -.tieasu reable amounts n the PCB' s have been found in our general environment and have been shown to be dacrimented to some form of wiid l i f e . ho maximum a I Ir.vnb 1e le v e ls have been e s ta b lis h e d r.cr i s ch*-:re evidence o f t o x i c i t y to Ir--ian*. Because o f the cu rren t emphasis on p o llu tio n and t r a i l re ca n t =Lad i e s , i t i s evident th a t extreme ca re must be t * in in cosine vi asear e is to prevent these flu id : from fu rther polluting the er.v:rc . : . Vhilc the e l e c t r i c a l uses of the 35x.2rels provide ealau system t -.r.. i n l l remains a problem or waste dipo =a '. w m the ecu: yn-:-:. i* < ness or during rep air. At the present time i t i s suge. INERTEEK you should co n tact the Monsanto m aterial. There i s co n sid erable work being d: problem to provide further infirma lion of the f l u id s to make them le s s h a r n Jil , ..i. Attachment /blr **nv S - t *. r. T. J&fbLoac F lu id In s u la t io n S ectio n Manager NPC00007224 A`i\ 769863 Monsanto Monsanto Csmpany 600 N. Lindbargn 9aul*vjrd S t. Louis, Missouri 63166 Phons: (3U) 694-1000 OW*tCCMCW.`GA!_SSMS.OM F e b ru a ry 18, 1970 Dear Sir: R ecen tly se v era l new spaper and m agazine a r tic le s have been published ' indicating that Polychlorinated Biphenyls (P C B s) have been discovered at some points in some m a rin e , aquatic and wildlife environm ents. The q u an tities d etected a re said to be ir. the p a r ts p er m illio n and p a rts p e r billion categories. It is claim ed that the F C 3 s found strongly resem ble chlorinated biphenyls co n taining 54% and 60% c h lo r in e by w eight. P r o d u c ts w hich a r e sold by M o n san to u n d er the tr a d e n a m e s of A ro clo r 1254 and 12c0 do co n ta in ch lo rin ated bip hen yls. In addition to A ro c lo r^ 1254 and 1260, >.io-.*?.hto sells certain functional fluids containing A ro clo r- 1254. Tns=e -r.cV;.is P y d r a u l2, 6 2 5 , P y d r a u l^ AC* P y d r a u l* 'A C - W in te r Grad*/ ? v ;rn.- ` :4 0 , Therminol F R - 3 and certain d ie le ctric icrm.ularicr.s. com panies around the world also produce products : : . biphenyls. A s your s u p p lie r o f A r o c lo i 12 54 and 1260 and iorm.ul c o n ta in in g 1254, we w ish to a l e r t you to the p o te n tia l c ; m e n ta l con tam in ation as r e f e r r e d to in the new space : cles. ducts of e n v ir o n . -. -.cine a r t i We would :o col::-, cu: the follow-.ng additional : 1. P r o d u c ts su ch as P yd rau 9 0 ,1 3 5 , 23 0 , 312, A -2 0 0 , J - 9 , 150. and 60, Turbinol 153 and Therm inol F R -1 and F R - 2 are not -^formulated with Aroclor 1254 or 1260. 2. P C B s with a chlorine content of le s s than 54% have not been found in the environm ent and appear to p resen t no potential problem to the environment. NPC00007225 769864 /- -2- We have developed, and a r e now testing new fo rm u latio n s to re p la ce the A roclor1254 and 1260 components in our Fydraui^ products. The new p ro d u c ts a p p e a r to be e q u a l in p e r f o r m a n c e and to have s i m i l a r p h y s ic a l properties. We fe e l that a ll p o ssible c a r e should be taken in the application, p ro cessin g and effluent d isp osal of these products to prevent them becom ing en viron m ental contam inants. Of in te r e s t to you m ay be an a rtic le in C hem ical W e e k , October 29, 1969i regarding water pollution"standards s e t b y each state in EhffTfnion,-- rrtT "a tta ch e d ."" This a r tic le r e fle c ts that good m anufacturing practicS'Th the tuture m ay requ ire that no product used by any company should find th eir way into w aterw ays. We rea liz e that you have m a rk e te d o r m ay now m a rk e t tr a n s fo r m e r s and other ele ctrica l equipment containing d ielectric fluids which include A roclor 1254 and 1260. Although these fluids are sealed into such equip m e n t it is re c o g n iz e d th at o c c a s io n a lly the fluid m ay be l o s t through le a k s resulting from equipment m isuse or equipment repair necessitating rep lace m ent of the fluid. Since the d ielectric fluid contained in this equipment i s only an in c id e n t a l p a r t of the o v e r f a l l unit m a n u f a c t u r e d by you, we a r e not notifying the p u rch a sers of such equipment of the potential environm ental contam ination p ro b lem d e scrib e d in this le tte r . We do reco m m en d , however, th a t ou n otify such eq u ip m en t U 3ers of th is p r o b le m . Sincerely yours, lb Attachment Do . D ir-: . NPC00007226 J4V 769865 .j I: t i= ,i j !' i; !I 1! CL ! *v . \ 7 ~ Weslinr.'iousc Eiuciiic Cor;iOMlfo: Dinil'Ull\il Ib'mV:! S e p t e m b e r *1, 1 9 7 0 -'''Endurance Klee trie" Rty. Limited Bap aui.10 Hoad , Moreh anl: ( I!.. W . P .*0 . Pox 315, Liverpool, tf.S .VJ, Australia 2170 |li" jp. Il`iHii;iiiipv'i, In,',..ii.> j .^ .U --' - yfC/ fcV-* ^ '" ^- \ ATTENTION: Mr. L. Lechowi c z , General Manager Dear Mr. Lechcuicz: SUBJECT: IKEUT15KH AMD KMVI HON ME NT AL COIITAM I!IAT10 N Jn-thc past several months our supplier of chlorinated biphenyl (Inertoen), Monsanto Chemical Gornany, has made us aviare of the increasinc interest in the possib ility that indiscriminant distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCM's) may result in envirrnenla! ccnianinallcn. Ve are taking this outsort unity to provide you viit:: copies of information supplied to our people vine make* cuatcr-or contacts, in order that they riJr.kt offer suitable ?d v ico on the di 5 pc5 it o n of Aroehlor f1uid and Ar0 ch 3cr sr.iurate c* "aterais in the course of mal:in?; an-Drat vr- r*.y s , *replacements, or disposing o*f obsolete e-; -ipment. rrocese specifications, beinr. adapte' to * * * ing operations are also enclosed'.' I.-ikc . the CAUTION plate, to be attached to sar after October I, 19?D-, is included.VI VIc trust this ir.formation ray be us0 fu 1 t: . your own position in this matter. Attachments * ;uy: 1 *i .Robert D. McClain, Mannrcr-.: Capacitor Unit F.nc:ineerin .-sEV NPC00007227 769866 January 15# 1972 Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Co. 600 H* Lindbergh Boulevard St* Louis Missouri 63166 Gentlem en: M onsanto Company ("M o n s a n to ") m a n u f a c tu re s c e r t a i n p o ly c h lo rin a te d biphenyl p ro d u cts ("PCB' s " ) which W estingfcouse Z l e c t r i c C o rp o ratio n ( Buyer'*) d e s ir e s to p u rch a se . W hile Buyer d e s ir e s to p u rch ase PCB's b ecau se o f c e r t a i n d e s ira b le flam e r e s i s t a n t and i n s u l a t o r p r o p e r tie s B uyer acknow ledges t h a t i t i s aw are and h as been ad v ised by M onsanto t h a t PC B 's tend to p e r s is t in th e environm ent; th a t ca re i t req u ired in t h e i r h an d lin g p o sse ssio n # u se and d i s p o s it i o n ; t h a t t o le r a n c e H a l t s have baen o r a r e b ein g e s ta b lis h e d 'o r PCS'a in v a r io u s food prod u cts* Monsanto has therefore adopted certain restrictive policies with respect to its further production, sal* and delivery of PCB's, including the receipt of undertakings fr* ita custor2 T3 as set forth bel^v, and Buyer is willir> to .1 3 : ? to such undertakings with recp:ct to -al-::- and/or Z i ' ' * .* of PCS' by Monsanto to Buyir. Accordingly, Buyer hereby eov:~- .. ;d a. with respect to any and all PCB's sold or livers ^ehslf of Mcr.sssto to or for the account of Buyer c . the date hereof, and in consideration of any such o> l e o r delivery, Buyer shall defend, indemnify and hold ha;B l e s s Monsanto, its present, paat and future directors, of fleers > 'employes and agents, free arid against any and all li *bilit 1 clciJBa, d e n i e s , penalties, actions, suits, loss:?, c o s t i spaas* arising cut of cr in connection with tl'.s re 0 wi ` t 'urohase, po^ccasioa, handling, use, sals cr d i i ; . : s L 4 - -, NPC00007228 769867 M onsanto Industrial C h e m ica ls Co P a g e Two January 15, 1972 In th e ev en t o f l i t i g a t i o n t o which th e s e indem nity p ro v is io n s s h i l l apply Monsanto w ill nahe a v a ila b le to Buyer such in fo rm atio n as Monsanto has (e x clu d in g tra d e s e c r e t s o r p ro p rie ta ry in fo rm atio n o f M onsanto, o r any o th e r in fo rm atio n which Hons in to i s n o t l e g a l l y f r e e t o d i s c l o s e ) w hich a ay reason ab ly be required by Buyer in the defense o f such l i t i g a t i o n , end o th e rw ise w i l l c o o p e ra te w ith Buyer In c o n n e ctio n th e re w ith . This agreem ent s h a ll be governed by and be co n stru ed accord in g to th e laws o f th e S ta te o f M issou ri. A ll e x is tin g c o n t r a c t s f o r th e s a le o f PC B's by M onsanto to Buyer fo r d e liv e ry In the fu tu ra are hereby saended to co n ta in th e provisions est fo rth h erein . W2STISO530US2 SLSCTxlIC COKFC^JVZICJ By / s / S . W. Herwaid T itle V ice P resid ent D a t i J ehu ary __ MOSSALO CCB y ___________ NPC00007229 ; * i . 769868 Monsanto I n d u s tr ia l C hem icals Co. Pog Two January 15 , 1972 su ch PCB'a b y , th ro u g h o r u n d er B u y e r, w h eth er a lo n e o r I n com bination w ith o th e r su b stan ce. In clu d in g , w ithout im plied lim ita tio n , any contam ination o f o r ad verse e f f e c t on humans, m arine and w i l d l i f e , fo o d , a n la o l feed o r th e environm ent by re a s o n o f su ch PCB1 The p o in t a t and a f t e r w hich th e p r o v is io n s o f t h i s e g re e a e n t s h a l l apply t o PCB' so ld o r d e liv e re d by o r on b e h a lf o f Monsanto to o r f o r th e acco u n t o f Buyer on o r a f t e r th e d a te h e r e o f , and th e p o in t a t which t i t l e and r i s k o f loam w ith r e s p e c t t o su ch PCB* a s h a l l p a s s fr o m M onsanto t o B u y e r , s h a ll be th e 7 0 .B . p o in t a t th e lo c a tio n from which d e liv e ry t o Buyer I s i n i t i a t e d by M onsanto, and s h a ll r e f e r t o th e p o in t o f t r a n s f e r o f p o sse ssio n o f th e drum, ta ils c a r , ta n k t r u c k , o r o th e r c o n ta in e r f o r such PC 3*s, from M onsanto to Buyer o r the f i r s t receiv in g c a r r ie r u tiliz e d to e ffe c t d eliv ery of ouch PCB' a t o ^ y e r . The p rcv isio n c o f th is agreem ent s h a ll n ot be ap p lica b le to "ny FCB' s d e liv e re d t o Buyer p r i o r t o th e d a te h e r e o f ; b 1 n ctliin g h ero in s h a ll c r e a te o r im ply any duty o r o b l l ^ t j .m . (i) of Monsanto to sell or deliver say PCB's to Buyer; or (II) of Buyer to defend, indemnify or hold harmless Yc: * or any other corporation, or any* person, 7b r sny i-v--:*- resulting froa the negligence of Monsanto (in : negligence of Buyer) in its packaging or sh*;. from the failure of PCB'a to comply with th.;- cations applicable t o auch PCB's. Bo condlM or agreementa purporting to modify or vary th*> snail be binding unless hereafter made in writl j j ic-' referring to this agreement and signed by the party to be tow.! end no modification or variance of this agree-:r.t shV.l be effected by the acknowledgment or-acceptance of ?r '*V* dr^vr--' purchase order, shipping instruction cr oth^r 7 or. * ' ?z o-jraa or conditions at /arii-r.ca hirs'-lth. -.4 NPC00007230 t 769869 C hicago, December 15, 1971 MEETING ANSI C-107 USE AND DISPOSAL OF ASKARELS AND ASKAREL SOAKED MATERIALS PRESENT: Traneformer Group C apacitor Group E. L. Raab, General E l e c t r i c W. S. Grogan, A llis-Chalm ers F, R. Lengefeld, Union E l e c t r i c W. C. Reinhardt, Central Moloney A.C. R ick ley , Coble Eng. T. K. S lo a t , Westinghouse A. Po2 efsk y , General E l e c t r i c N. R. C lark, U niversal Mfg. Co. E. G. Hammer, McGrow Edison R. D. McClain, Westinghouse E. M. Moore, E l e c t r i c U t i l i t i e s P. G. Benignus, Monsanto, Ex. O f f ic e r W. P. Papageorge, Monsanto, Ex. O f f ic e r A. M. S a la z e r , ANSI The meeting opened with Mr. Papageorge presenting -the la s t e s t inform atio n on the government s t a tu s on the PCB's. 1. The Toxic C h e -ica i Acc w i ll probably not be passed b y the presen t congress but i t appears f a i r l y c e r t a i n i t w i ll be handled under t h is a c t , that i s , the c o n tro ls on PCB's. 2. 22 Other Congressmen have r.;v co-sponsored a th ir d b i . o: Congres. .an Ryan banning a ll. PCB's. I t does not ppenr though th is b i l l w i l l g et out of c c r r > i t . 3. The E?A has been a c t i v e in Altr-a: - \e >'.?ns e f f lu e n t from the plant* contained a;*. - : 5 0 - ICO r.. on the flow represented about 0.3?r/day^ This is on a long term b a s i s . 4. The s t a t e of M ichigan's Water Resource Commissi-: has been a tta c k in g big in dustry fo r PCB's in water, e f f l u e n t cooing fr-.-* hydraulic system*. A zero level is requires. 5. Several groups hav = raised tre cuas PCB's out r.j studies are uncervay. rna 6 A meeting i s to be held in Durham, N, C ., December 20 arri--21 sponsored by the National I n s t i t u t e s of Health to hear a group of papers by domestic and fo reig n s c i e n t i s t s on t h e ir s tu d ie s a f PCB's and e f f e c t * on human biology. Approximately 100 people -- w i ll atten d. Documents w i l l be made a v a i la b le o f t h is meeting. NPC00007231 769870 ' ANSI-C-107 Page 2 7* In s p ic e o f the vase amount o f data a v a ila b le to the FDA they have not made a ru lin g or r e g u la tio n on the FCB's. 8. Mr. Fapageorge d is t r ib u t e d to the members present production figu res for the Aroclors from 1960 to date. I t was decided th at Monsanto would prepare a f a c t sheet o f the question and answer type fo r d i s t r ib u t io n to a l l I n t e r e s t e d p a r t i e s . This fa c t sheet w ill be ready for review ac the next committee meeting. The committee then broke in to the transformer and c a p a c it o r groups fo r work assignments. Transformer Group The following assignments were made to provide inform ation to be made in to an ANSI document. 1. Transformer manufacturing and r e p a ir g u id elin es fo r e f f e c t i v e plant housekeeping and employee s a f e t y . - T. K. S lo a t 2. Guide l i n e l i m i t s fo r co n tro l o f water and vapor e f f l u e n t s . V. S. Grogan 3. Disposal o f manufacturing s o l id and liq u id scrap from production f a i l u r e s and/or contamination. - 2. L. Raab 4 . Guidelines fo r transform er u sers. - W. C. Reinhardt 5. Disposal o f fieLd f a i l u r e so lid and liq u id scrap . - 1. Rap.'"1 6. Standardized a n a l y t i c a l procedures for water end avr. - V. 3. Jr 7. Liquid and S o lid d isp o sal s e r v ic e s . - A. L. R i ' Vie-' 8. Warning Labels and d is p o sa l. - F. R. l a n g e : si Each person is to submit d ra fts of h is assignnenc to . . p r io r to next meeting for d i s t r ib u t io n to o ther members. The following questions were proposed and answe: s by GE anc Moloney giver., '-iestiiighcuse and A lli s Cha. - e r s v i r a 4, respond. 1. An in dustry a s cin e are ~.ade each year GE 3000 ha nu".b:r of askaral t:ar.s.for.r.*.rs Moloney 3500 -- __ 2. The average volume o f liq u id in an as k a re l transform er. GE 235 g a l. Moloney 400 g a l. N PC 00007232 . ANS1-C-107 Page 3 3. An estim ate o f production f a i l u r e r a t e . G 1-1.37. . Moloney 1.07. 4 . An estim ate o f the f a i l u r e r a t e o f transformers in s e r v i c e . GE 0.2% Moloney 0.5% 5. Anestim ate o f thet o t a l number o f as k a re l transform ers in service (cumulative). GE 1 0 0 ,0C0 Moloney 125,000 The following items wereo f i n t e r e s t : 1. The General E l e c t r i c Company has on order an in c i n e r a t o r for A pril startup which w i l l destroy liq u id s and s o l id s soaked, with a s k a r e l. They are considering making t h is s e r v ic e a v a i la b le to customers. 2. The General E l e c t r i c Company i s consid ering a vapothern type o f treatment of core and c o l l assemblies to wash out PCB's p rio r to scrapping the assem blies. I t has been shown to be an e f f i c i e n t way to clean the a s k a re l from the core and c o i l . 3. The General E l e c t r i c :J:mpany a t P i t t s f i e l d and Rome use A roclor 1254 857., and t r i - c s t r a chlorobenzene, 157. for a l l tran sfo rm ers. The transformer and c a p a c ito r groups met agaiu fo r f i n a l in fo rm atio n. The assignments of the ca p a c ito r group were as fo llow s. 1. Housekeeping and p lan t s a fe t y . - R. D. McClain 2. Guidelines for handling water and vapor e f f l u e n t s . - A, Poccfs!:-; 3* A.S.T.M. w i l l be asked to provide method" for i e t s m i . :: I-:*' Askarels in m a te ria ls and a i r . The next meeting w i l l be held February ' sr.s in Chicago. Individual assignment d ra fts to be rs . // r-- / / / '/ t : . >foat " NPC00007233 769872 O <s> X \ I Wcsringliouss fiscale Corporation Power Systems P o w e r Transformer Department Highway 50 West, P.O. 3 ox 92 South Boston, V irg in ia 2459 October 14, 1971 The Honorable W illia m -B . Spong United States Senate Washington, D.C. 2US0 Dear Senator Spong: During your consid eration of the to x ic substances l e g : s t a t i o n now b e f o r e t h e S u b c o m m i tt e e on E n v ir o n m e n t o f t h e C om mittee c n Commerce, v;e would l i k e you t o b e aware o f ou r i n t e r e s t in the use and r e g u l a t i o n o f p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d b ip h e n y l f l u i d s , commonly r e f e r r e d t o by th e acronym FfcBs. Here i n S o u t h B o s t o n we u s e FC3 f l u i d ciS 3 and c o o l a n t i n power t r a n s f o r m e r s w h i c h wi ) 1 b e r ** b u i l d i n g s and in s i c a v s k v a u l t s where f i r e oou p e r s o n a l i n j u r y and p r o p e r t y da:: a g e . .\c r krt -- t h e r e i.s o n l v one dcrr.ostic m.a.-.v. f a c t u r e r o f d e s p i t e c e n t mu ir.g r e s e a r c h , ,c t factory substitute for it . sula to Monsanto C h e m i c a l Company, c . . r no c a l l s i t s p ro d u ct A r o c l o r . W estinghouse us I n e r t e e n f o r i t . G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c Company c Throughout th e t r a n s f o r m e r and c a p a c i t o r md g e n e r i c a l l y known a s an A s k a r e l f l u i d . What t h i s PC3 f a m i l y o f i n s u l a n t s i s c h a r a c t e r They have a v s r -i k i t h f l a s n t c *.r.t end an cv?, t e .r '. e r a :. ' fo r our a to escane he a tm o s c h e r a . PCBs have a t t r a c t e d much p u b l i c a t t e n t i o n r e c e n t l y because unaccep table amounts have been found to be p re v a le n t in socie food a r e a s , p a r t i c u l a r l y . b i r d s and f i s h . They a r e NPC0007234 769873 Senator Spong 2 O c t o b e r 14, 1971 suspected o f b ein g g e n e t i c a l l y damaging to th ese forms o f l i f e . F o r many y e a r s t h e y h av e b e e n u se d as a component o f h y d r a u l i c f l u i d s and h e a t t r a n s f e r f l u i d s . They h a v e a l s o bee n used in p a i n t s and as p i a s t i c i z e r s ^ - t v o a p p l i c a t i o n s where p o t e n t i a l l y t o x i c su b stan ces could be r e le a s e d to the environment. In our industry, th e ir use is confined to e l e c t r i c a l equipment where t h e t a n k s a r e s e a l e d and t h e system, is'co n sid ered to have a "closed" cycle. I t is our understanding t h a t Monsanto c h e m i c a l Company now c o n f i n e s t h e s a l e o f i t s PCBs t o c l o s e d c y c l e system u s e r s . As o f t h i s w r i t i n g , an A merican N a t i o n a l S t a n d a r d s I n s t i t u t e c o m m i t t e e headed b y a Monsanto C h e m i c a l Company rep resen tative has been organized to propose United States s ta n d a r d s f o r th e c o n t r o l ' a n d . u s e o f PCBs f o r e l e c t r i c a l ap p aratus. W estinghouse i s re p r e s e n te d on t h i s com m ittee. W e s t i n g h o u s e i s w o r k in g d i l i g e n t l y i n o u r own f a c t o r i e s and r e s e a r c h l a b o r a t o r i e s t o f i n d an a l t e r n a t e f l u i d f o r u s e i n power t r a n s f o r m e r s . To d a t e we h a v e ' b e e n u n s u c c e s s ful in finding a su b stitu te th at w ill meet the necessary i n s u l a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s and f i r e p r o o f c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . Our capacitor people are trying cut a su b stitu te flu id for th eir a p p l i c a t i o n , b u t we do n o t h a v e s u f f i c i e n t e x p e r i e n c e w i t h i t y e t to e s t a b 1 ish r e l i a b l e at a on i t s performance c h a r a c te r is tic s or it s b iod egrad ab ility. I r . e r t e e n - i n s u l a t e d to w s r t r an s r o rme about o n e - f o u r t h o f cu r South Boston p r o d u c t! on. Cur t* 1971 r e q u i r e m e n t o f I n e r t e e n a t t h i s p l a n t i s e x r c taci approximately 375,000 gallons. W hile'these t ransformer i n some i n s t a n c e s , b e r e p l a c e d b y d r y - t y p e t r ans f o r m e r s . a r e many a p p l i c a t i o n s where d r y - t y p e i n s t a l l s t i e n s a r e : To a c h i e v e t h e same e l e c t r i c a l f u n c t i o n w i t h e q u i v a l e n t efficien cy , a dry-type transformer is general ly 1erger ! t r a n s f o r m e r u s i n g I n e r t e e n as an i n s u l n n t , - t h u s mek i n e i more c o s t l y . M or e ov e r , many e x i s t i n g b u : 1d n -s:.u a _ - : v a u l t s would have to bu e n i s r j ' t s i o r m o d i f i e d to accciiL/.t: dry-type transformers. Given the p r e s e n t s t a t e o f th e a r t , i t would be f a i r to s a y ^ t h a t an e c o n o m i c a l l y and t e c h n i c a l l y a c c e p t a b l e s u b s t i t u t l iq u id i s n o t y e t in p r o s p e c t . More time i s needed. Complete a n a l y s e s o f t h e t e c h n i c a l d a t a we a r e a c c u m u l a t i n g , w eed ing out those f l u i d s la c k in g promi-se, would precede n e g o t i a t i o n NPC00007235 769874 Senator Spong 3 O c t o b e r 14, 1971 w i t h p o t e n t i a l s u p p l i e r s or. t h e b a s i s o f p r o j e c t e d r e q u i r e m e n t s t o d eterm in e a v a i l a b i l i t y and c o s t . F u l l review o f th e economics o f c h a n g i n g t o a new d i e l e c t r i c l i q u i d would f u r t h e r r e f i n e our p o ten tia l su b stitu tes. Exhaustive testin g of the chemical c h a ra cte ristics of each possible altern ate, it s operational s t a b i l i t y and c o m p a t i b i l i t y w it h o t h e r m a t e r i a l s used m our m anu factu ring p r o c e s s , would fo llo w . PCB-tvpe m aterials have been used in the manufacture o f power tra n sfo rm e rs fo r more than t h i r t y y e a r s . There are many m i l l i o n s c f g a l l o n s i n t r a n s f o r m e r s a l r e a d y in use t h r o u g h o u t t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , and t h i s PCB m a t e r i a l i s a s p o te n tia lly hazardous as the lik e m aterial in transform ers c u r r e n tly being placed in use. N evertheless, the t o t a l amounts used n a t i o n a l l y i n o u r t y p e o f p r o d u c t a p p l i c a t i o n a r e much l e s s s i g n i f i c a n t , fo r exam ple,. than th e amounts of DDT-type m a te ria ls which present a sim ilar p o te n tia l environmental h a z a r d . A l s o , we r e i t e r a t e t h a t w h i l e DDT-type m a t e r i a l s have been used la rg e ly in "open" a p p lic a tio n s, In erteen is used by us in a "clo sed " system which, by i t s very nature n e c e s s i t a t e s m on itorin g by maintenance p ersonn el with a r e l a t i v e l y high d e g r e e o f t e c h n i c a l s o p h i s t i c a t i o n ar_d c o m p e t e n c e . Tt do c a no t seem, t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h e r e would be any s i g n i f i c a n t tr.ur cas t in the p o te n tia l national environmental hazard i f the use or PCB-type m a te ria ls were r e s tr ic te d to close;! cy cle system? f o r a. r e a s o n a b l e p e r i o d c f t i m e -- ample er.cugn t o c o m . in d u c t rv to fin d s u i t a b l e a l t erne, r i v - s . At cur South Boston' plan t arc e I s e v h r . we a r e a l e r t t o t h e h a z a r d o u s n a t u r e - f i t s 1*''. we e x e r c i s e h i g h s t a n d a r d s o f c o n t r o l as we _r. our transformers in a closed c irc u it system. : i s made t o i n s u r e a g a i n s t i t s e s ca p em e n t i n t o _ through warnings to handling personnel (3oe Ate.. . s p e c i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s to custom ers about diy-iini*-; .. s e a l e d system , r e t u r n c f a l l w a s te l i q u i d ar.d v m a t e r i a l s t o the PCI m a n u f a c tu r e r fo r l a s t r u c t f. * i n e x c e l s o f i m c r , an:. c f plan: e f f l u e n t j f -- A t t a c h m e n t B'; , N e v e r t h e l e s s , we a ppr ov e l ^ g i s i a t i r r . such as your Committee i s c o n s i d e r i n g , d esig n ed t o p r o t e c t sn'/i-r-or.mental q u a lity by p rescrib in g high standards o f co n tro l in a l l stages NPC00007236 769875 Senator Spong 4 O c t o b e r 14, 1 9 7 1 o f t h e u se and d i s p o s i t i o n o f ?C3 m a t e r i a l , i n c l u d i n g l i m i t i n g i t s u se t o s e a l e d o r c l o s e d system s i f deemed n e c e s s a r y ; but we a r e c o n c e r n e d t h a t p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d b i p h e n y l s n o t b o p e r e m p t o r i l y banned from m a n u f a c t u r e and u s e , s i n c e v/e b e l i e v e the public can be adequately protected without such actio n . We would be most a p p r e c i a t i v e . o f y o u r a s s i s t a n c e i n t h i s m a t t e and a r e p re p a re d t o supply you w i t h any f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n you might wish. Sincerely, J o h n G. A ld w o r th General Manager NpC00007237 769876 + National Electrical Manufacturer* A uoeiaiton ISS East 4*tih Sirf-.:t .j*// uik v : y <* ; 12 ihl* i i,nn November 19, 1970 File: '1.00 Mr. Donald L. Peyton Managing Director American National Standards institute 1430 Broadway New York, N. Y. 10018 Subject: (Proposed) American National'Standards Committee On Disposal of Askarel Used In Electrical Equipment Dear Mr Peytoni NEKA, upon recommendation by the Board of Directors o the Power Equipment Division, respectfully recommends that subject Proposed Standards Committee be established by the ANSI. It is further recommended that and Monsanto Company be designated as Co-Secretariats of this new ANSI project, with NT. . as the Administrative Secretariat. Theie recommendations are conc::.'r.vI in by the Mtnsar.tj C- . The purpose of the Proposed Standards i c i t m i t t * . : " 1 - Develop guides for the use and n.\i: .. : used in electrical equipment. 2 - Develop practical disposal procedures. 3 - Provide recerr-encaiions to interest?.! 1-ie-. standards bodies such as the I2C and CZ 4 - To entur.E 11".-.- 1 d: iip in the pit-ulgasic. ~ t guides and procedures, and the dissemination among all posuibls users. Representation on the Proposed Standards Committee would be invited from all organizations considered to have^subetantial con cern and-would include) NPC00007238 769877 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Mr. Donald L. Peyton -2- November 19, 1970 a ) NEKA b) Monsanto Company c) Electric Light and Power Group d) ZEEE e) ASTM f) Government power Agencies g) Industrial Group; e.g. General Motors Corp,, Ford Motor Company h) Disposal Consultants The Monsanto Company, manufacturer of askarela (technically known as polychlorinated biphenyls), has notified purchasers of askarelB that there was a possibility of environmental contamina tion due to non-biodegradable materials used in their composition. The Monsanto Company has already taken steps to limit the availa bility of askarel to those uses where the fluid is essential and is contained in a closed system, such as is the case for transform ers and capacitors. With the cooperation of transformer and capac itor manufacturers, steps have been taken to alert all known users on the problem and on corrective measures. Monsanto has also insti tuted a means for disposing of bulk fluid,and means are currently being investigated for disposing of askarel-scaked waste materials, coils, insulation, scrap, discarded capacitors, etc. At a K2MA committee meeting'held earlier this yea:*, with key personnel of the Monsanto Company press**t by invitation, consider?.'.' concern was expressed on the following with respect to measures already taken on the askarel problem: 1 - That there are still, unquestionably, '** t *-.tial number of users that have not been reached ca from Monsanto and transformer and capacitor manuJ^itur-.r. and from other publicity sponsored by Monsanto. Means for effectively reaching and educating employees of users of askarel-filied electrical equipment are ai-so essential. 2 - That no guidelines are pres s.-.tly fere "ear. for such important are., as ia; disposal of askarel-scaked va*im material 6, (b) procedures for unloading and handling askarel and, (c) separation of askarel-soaked waste materials from other wastes. 3 - That foreign competitors of Monsanto, which is the sols'*domestic producer of askarel, must also be taken into account, in order for any program Jbm.ttruiy effec'tive. tAfUDl.l, NPC00007239 769878 National E le ctric* Manufacturers Association Mr.Donald L. Peyton November 19, 1970 Accordingly, the Monsanto Company and NEMA offer to assume leadership roles in an ANSI project aimed at solving the problem of disposition of asfcarel contaminated materials, and urge early consideration by ANSI of the recommendations set forth herein. JJXide Regulations Department cc: c. A. Parris - 8cp A. M. Salazar - Div. 8 P. G. Benignus - Monsanto Co. N. B. Papageorge - Monsanto Co. W. C. Reinhardt - Moloney Electric Co. tA n i U /V ' NPC00007240 769879 l_ fz l'' t */ V i-tf *"/r ^ z a %` / y ? * c -*'. /r r '!/ S f- ' 7 ^ . /' j * y * ^ A /r r c . J *>* * P . C . 3 . * USES IN A3EAREL ?0R ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY The name A s k a r e l from the Greek "w hich doee n ot b u r n " , cowers v a r io u s d i e l e c t r i c f l u i d s based on c h l o r i n a t e d d i p h e n y l s . These l i q u i d s a r e a t the p r e s e n t moment v ery l a r g e l y used by the heavy e l e c t r i c a l in d u stry in the m anufacture o f tra n sfo rm e r and c a p a c i t o r s . Ue w i l l now stud y the compounds and m ix t u r e s used in one and th e o t h e r o f t h e s e a p p l i c a t i o n s g i v i n g some d e t a i l s o f t h e i r use . Ve w i l l f i n i e h t h i s l e c t u r e by s t u d y in g to wnat d e g re e the he ivy e l e c t r i c a l in d u s t r ie s ray c o n tr ib u te to the c h lo r in a te d diphe nyl p ollution of the n atural environment, I - Use o f c h l o r i n a t e d d ip h en y ls in t h * The c h l o r i n a t e d d ip h e n y ls are use a.' i r t f o r c a p a c i t o r s made o f paper o r p l a s t i c f i l m . T h e i r z j 1 c o n s i s t s in r e p l a c i n g the a i r in the p o r o s i t y o f th e ir.Il ? o r a p t . 1 c a t i o n , the ** * -a ~V.AUwi . and t h i s p ro d u ct c o n t a i n s on av e ra g e t h r e e atoms c f c r . l c . i n e s - > a t i t u t e d on each m o lecu le o f d ip h e n y l. The c h lo r in a t e d d ip h en yls were f i r s t used in n in e te e n t h i r t y i n the U nited S t a t e s and now appear i r r e p l a o e & b l e f o r t h i s a p p l i ca tio n . NPC00007241 XH! 9 1T t E : 1 p, i ...i -- - . 769880 t 9 I i \ i i a i i ii 3 2. In a f f e o t , no o th e r p o la r liq u id having s im ila r o r n e ig h bouring p ro p erties has y et been discovered to th is tim e. The c a p a c it o r a r e lo c a t e d e i t h e r i n sq u a re b oxes o f welded s t e e l or in round or oval cans in aluminium. In any c a s e , the c o n ta in e r must be w a t e r - t ig h t , w ithout which the hum idity would p e n e tr a te i n t o the ap p aratu s and cau se i t to f a l l in use. On t h e i n s i d e , t h e w in d in g s i n p a p e r , p l a s t i c f i l m and alu m in iu m a r e s q u e e z e d one a g a i n s t t h e o t h e r t h i s t a k i n g up a l m o s t a l l o f the space a v a ila b le . A f t e r im p regn ation and f i l l i n g o f the r e s t o f the e r ; ty apace by the im pregnating flu id , the w ater-tig h tn ess of the apparatus i s e ffe c te d by s o ld e r in g . 2 - Use o f c h lo r in a te d d ip herylB f o r trar.sform e.-s - In thifl c a s e , th e 'A a k a re la are used a? *' flu ld a. The winding and the magnetic circuits a r c in effect completely imerged ir. i v- In th is ir.3tac.ee, the main c a r a c t e n s i t * property o f n o n -fla s x a b ility . in Askars1 transform er w ill not burn, nor explode in the case o f an in t e r n a l s h o r t c i r c u i t . N PC 00007242 exhibit &- 769881 n o te d benzenes a r e employed. The. m ixtu re th e a o s t used b e i n g a. blend o f tric h lo ro b e n z e n e s (fo r ty per c e n t) and h e x a -c h lo r in a te d diphenyls six ty p ercent). Contrary to the ch lo rin a ted diphenyls fo r cap&eitorB, fo r which the te ch n ica l performance are such that they are the only f l u i d ueed, the Aekarels used in tr a n s fo ra e rs compete in the same market with m in eral o i l s . Economical and s a f e t y reason e guide the choice of the end-user. Every tine th a t it i s n e c e s s a r y to set up a -transformer in a p u b lic place 'departmental store, theatre, cinema, etc.,),in o t h e r vorde/vhen the f i r e riBk must be contained, the choice np.rly always f a l l s on Askars'-. The Askar e l t r a c e form er i a l i k e w i s e ch o sen vhen th*; er.d-usv d o es n o t v i e h to bo o b lig e d t o p e r i o d i c a l l y v e r i f y the s t a t e o f th e d i e l e c t r i c f l u id , as 1 b the case fo r mineral o i l t r s - :*ori*?r In e f f e c t , the ABkarela used for transform -:r3 , c a p a c ito r s , are c a r a c t e n s e d by a high ch en ica: s :v . A ccid ents caused by s h c r t - c i r c u i ta m the i n t e r i o r o f the tra n sfo rm er are the e x c e p tio n , an ex cep tio n which va w i l l t a lk about in a few m in utes. NPC00007243 EXHIBIT E 769882  I t should be In t e r e s t in g Tor the p resen t con feren ce to d iscu ss the use o f A skarel in Sweden. To the b e s t o f our knowiedgo the o n ly d i e l e c t r i c market i s the oapacitor market. Sweden p o s s e s s e s , as you p ro b a b ly a l r e a d y know, one o f th e b ig g e s t c o n s t r u c t o r s o f power c a p a c it o r s in Europe : L i l je h o l s e n a Kabel Fabrik. L ik e th e o t h e r m a n u fa c tu r e r s o f c a p a c i t o r s m the world, t h i s company u s e s t r t c k l o r o d l p h e n y l , which P r o d e le c s u p p l i e s under th e name of P y r a ie n e ld-99* As f a r ae ve know, the use o f A s k a r e l f o r t r a n s f o r m e r s in Sweden i s low, Ve h a 7 e s e e n the., th e main p a r t o f the S w e l l ; h ccr.s-.n , t i o : Of A sk a r e l c o n ce rn s t r i c h l o r i n a t e d d ip h e n y ls . T h is s t a t e m e n t m ight be found s u r p r i s i n g vh-: d ers t h a t i t i e e s p e c i a l l y the p sr.ta, h e i a , and * nated diphenyls which have been found in Swede'.' rounding.' At th is p oin t, i t Is iss.il-? :* r-scall tr.a; tr.ls I s c t .r * is lim ited to tne d i e l e c t r i c a p p lica tio n s of ch lo rin a ted dip.te- nyls because Prodelec is only concerned with these a p p lica tio n s. HPC00007244 XHiBIT E' 769883 The f a c t t h a t the t r i c h l o r i n a t e d d ip henyls are not found in the n a tu ra l environment zaj be exp lained as fo llo w s i - th ey are e x c l u s i v e l y used by the e a p a o it o r in d u s tr y and hence h e rm e tica lly clo sed from outside co n tact The d i e l e o t r i o a l q u a l i t y n e c e e e i t a t e s on the p a r t o f the m anufacturer very sp e o ia l treatm ent and c a r e e . The A ekarels a r e , t h e r e f o r e , expensive produote and any l o s s e s , i f th e re a re any, a r e always redu ced t o a bare minimum f o r obviou s ec o n o m ic a l reasons. l a s t o f a l l , th ey a re used by a em ail number o f v ery la r g o c o a p a n ie e , h avin g -and t h i s ia p a r t i c u l a r l y tru e f o r Sweden a very pronounced sense c f t h e i r aor .1 r e s p o n s i b i l i t y c o n c e r n in g p o l l u t i o n , aa you w i l l be ab le to n o t i c e s h o r t l y . T h is b e in g s a i d , we must c o n s i d e r i f i t i s p o s s i b l e to e l i m i n a t e any p o l l u t i o n due to the u se c f c h l o r i n a t e d l i t ' in the e le c t r ic a l Industry. This lead s us to look out f o r and t sources of pollution. 1 *- Case o f trar.-"ferrors ; The m a n u fa c tu re r c e l i v e r s the n a in p a r t o f i t s A s k a r s : p ro du ction f o r tran sfo rm ers t o .a very lim ite d number o f en d -u sers The d e l i v e r i e s a r e made m ainly by r o a d t a n k e r s o r r a i l t a n k e r s ~ which are used only fo r the tra n sp o rta tio n o f A sk a re ls. UPC00007245 EXHIBIT E 769884 The contam ination ris k b7 im p u ritie s, vhioh are li k e l y to s p o il the d ie l e c t r ic q u a litie s of the A akarel, fo rce the aanufacturer to use cloeed tankers fo r h is d e liv e rie s , these tankers never being used to tran sp ort any other m a te ria l. B ecau se o f t h i s , t h e r e i s no s y s t e m a t i c p o l l u t i o n r i s k due to packing or tran sp ort. Por those sm all q u a n titie s d e liv e r s ! in drums, the high f l u i d i t y o f the p ro d u ct g r e a t l y l i m i t s any t r a c e s t h a t may r e s t on the in sid e o f the drums. D uring the m anu factu re o f th e t r a n s f o r m e r , t h e r e i s no l o s e whatsoever. Let us nov exanir.e the case o f those tran sfo rm ers, which a f t e r working fo r soss tim e, have f o r various reader * bre': down. The A akarel i s contam inated by the dioosp-oaiv* r e a u l t i n g from an e l e o t r i c a r c 1 c a rb o n and hy I t cannot be reused without re g e n e ra tio n b e f i t i s im portant to note th a t reg en eratin g t r always p o s s ib le . V ith o u t h i7 ir.g e x a c t l y the sane c * : : : * ?r is t i c 3 a ; a r.sv m aterial, the regenerated Askars! fo r transform ers o ffe rs the same g a r a n t i e a f o r u s e . The o n ly e a s e f o r which r e g e n e r a t i o n i s im p o s s ib l e i s t h a t when an A s k a r s 1 i e a c c i d e n t a l l y co n ta m in a te d by .m in e r a l o i l . NFC00007246 769885  l In e f f e o t , m ineral o i l cannot be separated from Ac'icarole. B e a r in g m mind t h a t a l i t t e r o f t r a n s f o r m e r A s k a r ? 1 ?a g e n e r a l l y s p e a k in g f i v e tim es s o r e e x p e n siv e than mir>*rai o i l , the owner o f a tra n sfo rm er has obv iou sly every economic in t e r e s t to o b ta in , e ith e r from the m anufacturer, or from u s p e c ia liz e d company, the r e o la a a t io n o f h is contam inated A sk arel. For t h i s re a s o n , ve have re g e n e ra te d marge q u a n t i t i e s o f Pyralene fo r transformer : in our fa cto ry . The sm all f r a c t i o n l e f t unclaimed id b u m ; ir. our f a c t o r y ir. a plant sp e cia lly adapted fo r the disposal of liqu id vadte by co m b u stio n . F o r t h i s p u rp o se , the- A s k a r e ls a r e mixted with o *.* - ' flamm able w astes i n such a way t h a t the m ix t ur e has r i f l e value g rea ter than fiv e thousand K ilo c a lc r - th is value being determined previously m the The tem perature o f the m ixture r a i s e d up to e i g h t hundred d e g r e i c c e n t i g r a d e . We .ta t~. f~~ - * f i e d t h a t t h e s e g a s e s do n o t c o n t a i n any t r a c e 01 c r . l o n n a t e d -- d i p h e n y l s . 3u to n the o t h e r band, th e y do c o n t a i n h y d ro c h io r ^ ~ a c i d , the product o f deco m p o sitio n by p y r o l y s i s . NPC00007247 (7) EXhJSlV 769886 H The com bustion gases a re washed and then n e u t r a l i z e d . In co n clu sio n , fo r the case o f A skarels In tr a n s fo r o e r s , the e n d -u s e r s a r e puBhed f o r t e c h n i c a l and e co n om ical r e a s o n s to avoid an/ fora of disposal of th is m aterial in .th e envi ronment Case f.tb e .c a p a c ito r ^ in d u s tr y t I t i s u s e f u l to remember t h a t t h i a in d u s tr y h a s , on f i r s t e i g h t , no r e a p o n s a b i l i t y f o r th e p o l l u t i o n p r e s e n t l y o b se rv e d s i n c e the t r i c h l o r o d i p h e n y l which i t aees^ i s n o t found i n na ture. Hetherth-sless, sons trishlorinated diphenyls, even Halted to sea.ll quantities, aignt be ducpei in the environment if certain neasures and precautions are no: taker.. The pollution risks begin with the delivery which is 3till carried out quite ofton by nor.-returr.aale ir biggesc end-users, like Liljeholcena in Svi.. , vith containers. These c o n t a i n e r s a re used f o r t h *5 p u r ; >: =? a g a in between the producing f a c t o r y ano. t h a t c f tn * . ;-r Thia fo ra of transp ort in container should oco=e core ; t j - r a l in future. T h is sh o u ld be a l l the more easy, s i n c e th e c o n t a m in a t io n -risk s o f the d i e l e c t r i c flu id from the in sid e w alls m paoking are elim in ated in th is way. NPC00007248 exhibit* 769887 Then ve h a re t o c o n s i d e r th e v a a t e when th e c a p a c i t o r . i t s e l f la Bade. She r e c ip ie n ts co n tain in g the windings are f i l l e d under vacuum, e i t h e r i n d i v i d u a l l y by way o f an a p p r o p r i a t e c a n a l i z a t i o n , or by iem ersio n o f the apparatus in the i z p r e gnant. D uring t h i s o p e r a t i o n th e A s k a r e l b a a ,h o w ev er, l o s t some o f i t s d i e l e c t r i c p r o p e r tie s . I t o u st, th e re fo re , e it h e r be returned to the A skarel s& nufacturer fo r recla im in g , ae aoae o f our c u s t o s e r e do, o r be r e g e n e r a t e d a t the f a c t o r y by c i r cu la tio n c f the Askarel in coiuans containing adsorbing earth P e r i o d i c a l l y , th e p a c k in g o f t h e s e coluains s u e t be changed. The cap: : i t o r stanufaoturer then nas to d isp o se o f tr.m e a r th , vetted with tric h lo rin a te d diphenyls. At the present t i n e , th is ia generally r - : - : - 1 t i p p i n g . A l t h o u g h - t h i s s o l u t i o n 1 b n o t probe, i a , however, c o r e e f f i c i e n t t h a n , i t would app? : very , low s o l u b i l i t y o r t r i c h l o r t r . a t e d diphenyls i n w ater. As a l a 3 t p o s s i b l e 5ouro= o : p o l l u t i o n , we hi*--. oar-:.;, tor which breakdown e ith e r ir. the fa c to ry during the l i e l s i t r i - : ta s tin g or during th e ir working period. EXHIBIT E 769888 10 .These ca p a cito rs oust*b openedi the l i t t l e aaount o f free im p re g n a tin g f l u i d t h a t th ey c o n t a i n , c o l l e c t e d and s t o r e d in druae to he retu rned fo r d e stru c tio n a t the producing faotory, L l l j e h o l a e n e does t h i s by r e t u r n i n g to us a t h i s own c o s t th e waste m a te ria l fro the in p re g sa tin g flu * d and pays f o r th e d e s t r u c t io n o f t h a t .which oannot be r e c la im e d , T h is p r a c t ic e can and o u st be g e n e ra lis e d in the y e a rs to co se, bearing in sind the U n ited rusher o f producers. As f a r as the e le m e n ts l e f t i r o n the broksr.dovr. c a p a c i t o r s are concerned, they nay be ripped a p a rt by a s p e c ia l machine and bu rn t' ir. a r o t a t i n g k i l n , adapted to burn s o l i i v a s t u s . Such k i l n s can l i k e w i s e be used to de tr e y the i s c r i i .- .g e a r t h , thus o f f e r i n g a d e f i n i t e s a i n 'or. Ve have now s e e n t h a t the c h l o r i n a t e d diphery.' . : / the e le c t r i c a l industry are contained ir. c l c s e i ey s: and t h a t the l o s s e s , d u rin g the m an u fa ctu rin g r.i use -ave always been low m the p a s t and can s t i l l be reduced in tne future to in sig n ific a n t values. NPC00007250 769889